G Y O F

S I O L O
P H Y E A N D
E R C I S IT Y
EX A C T I V
S I C A L
P H Y
MR. JOHN STEVEN B. COPE
• Anatomy is the study of an organism’s structure.

• Physiology is the study of body function.

EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY
• CAN BE DEFINED AS BOTH A BASIC AND AN
APPLIED SCIENCE THAT DESCRIBES,
EXPLAINS, AND USES OF THE BODY’S
RESPONSE TO EXERCISE AND ADAPTATION TO
EXERCISE TRAINING TO MIXIMIZE HUMAN
PHYSICAL POTENTIAL.
 PHYSICAL ACTIVITY

Physical activity can be defined as any movement

of the body that requires energy expenditure. This
includes any motion you do through the day
excluding sitting still or lying down. For example,
walking to class, taking the stairs, mowing the
lawn, and even cleaning your house can be
considered physical activity.
PHYSIOLOGY OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY

The study of acute (immediate) physiological responses to

physical activity and the changes in physiological
responses to chronic (repeated over time) physical activity.
These illustrate your body’s way to meeting the increased
demand for oxygen, energy, and temperature regulation
associated with physical activity.
 THE HIERARCHY OF COMPLEXITY
• The organism is composed of organ systems,
• Organ systems are composed of organs,
• Organs are composed of tissues,
• Tissues are composed of cells,
• Cells are composed (in part) of organelles
• Organelles are composed of molecules &
• Molecules are composed of atoms.

The organism is a single, complete individual.

ORGAN SYSTEM

An organ system is a group of organs with a unique collective function.

The human body has 11 organ system.
1. INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

Principal organs: Skin, hair, nails, cutaneous

glands

Principal functions: protection, water

retention, thermoregulation, vitamin D
synthesis, cutaneous sensation, nonverbal
communication.
2. MUSCULAR SYSTEM

Principal organs: Skeletal muscles

Principal functions: movement, support,

protection, heat generation, and blood
circulation.
3. SKELETAL SYSTEM

Principal organs: bones, cartilages, ligaments &

joints.

Principal functions: support, movement,

protection, production of blood cells, storage of
ions, and endocrine regulation.
4. NERVOUS SYSTEM

Principal organs: brain, spinal cord, nerves

and ganglia

Principal functions: rapid internal

communication and coordination, sensation.
5. ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

Principal organs: pituitary gland, pineal gland,

thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, thymus, adrenal
glands, pancreas, testes and ovaries.

Principal functions: Metabolism (the way you

break down food and get energy from nutrients),
growth and development, emotions and mood,
fertility and sexual function, sleep & blood
pressure.
6. CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

Principal organs: heart and blood vessels

Principal functions: distribution of

nutrients, oxygen, wastes, hormones, heat,
immune cells, antibodies; fluid, electrolyte
and acid base balance.
7. LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

Principal organs: bone marrow, lymph

nodes, lymphatic vessels thymus, spleen,
tonsils.

Principal functions: recovery of excess

tissue fluid, detection of pathogens,
production of immune cells, defense.
8. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Principal organs: nose, pharynx, larynx,

trachea, bronchi, lungs.

Principal functions: absorption of oxygen,

discharge of carbon dioxide, acid-base
balance, speech.
9. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

Principal organs: teeth, tongue, salivary glands,

esophagus, stomach, small & large intestines,
liver, gallbladder, pancreas.

Principal functions: nutrient breakdown and

absorption; liver functions include metabolism of
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins, and
minerals, synthesis of plasma proteins, disposal
of drugs, toxins, and hormones, and cleansing of
blood.
10. URINARY SYSTEM

Principal organs: kidneys, ureters, urinary

bladder, urethra.

Principal functions: elimination of wastes;

regulation of blood volume and pressure;
stimulation of red blood cell formation; control of
fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance;
detoxification.
11. REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

Principal organs: 1.testes, epididymites, spermatic ducts,

seminal vesicles, prostate gland, bulbourethral glands, penis
11.Ovaries, uterine tubes, vagina, vulva, mammary glands.

Principal functions: 1.production and delivery of sperm

11. Production of eggs, sites of fertilization and fetal
development, fetal nourishment, birth, lactation.
THANK YOU!