Site safety training

N°4
Mobile crane use
and inspection

The lifting Golden Rules

 Lifting Golden rule: The moving load is under control.
WHY ?

PRESS

The lifting Golden Rules 2

 One of the reason is:

PRESS

!!! Improper way of using cranes can lead to disastrous situation !!!
The lifting Golden Rules 3
 What are the major types of mobile cranes?
Mobile crane Crawler crane
Telescopic boom Telescopic
boom

Compact mobile
crane Crawler crane
Telescopic boom Lattice boom

The lifting Golden Rules 4

 Crawler cranes general description

Lattice boom crawler crane Hoist limit switch

Hook block

Top section

Hoist rope

 to Winches Mid section

Boom splice
Boom guy line

Boom base section

Counterweights
Cab

Crawlers

5
The lifting Golden Rules
 Mobile cranes general description

Telescopic boom mobile crane Boom end sheaves

Anti two blocks

Extendable sections device

Boom base

Lifting main (and auxiliary) hoist Lifting wire rope

Hook block
Counterweights
Lifting hook
Turntable
Boom raising
Slewing gear cylinder
Driving cab Operator’s cab

Outrigger extendable beams

Outrigger pad
Chassis

The lifting Golden Rules 6

How inspect a crane ?
 Check Colour code, ID number, SWL
 Pre use check to be done daily (GS EP EXP 311)

1°/ Check the rated load indicator is correctly set and

appropriate to:

- Jib length

- Number of falls

- Ballast weight

- Outrigger position

- Hook capacity

2°/ Check that the correct load radius scale appropriate

to the jib length is fitted on the visual indicator

The lifting Golden Rules 7

How inspect a crane ?
 Daily Pre use checks

3°/ Check the security of counterweights:

4°/ Check the oil level, fuel level and lubrification.

5°/ Check the ropes and ropes terminal fittings and Oil level
too low!
anchorage for obvious damages and wear

PRESS

Bulldog clip Bad spooling !

on live rope !

The lifting Golden Rules

8
 How inspect a crane ?
 Daily Pre use checks

6°/ Check the condition and inflation pressure:

7°/ Check all water is drained from any reservoir.

8°/ Check the crane structure for damages

9°/ Check condition of spreader plates and no leak on

outrigger cylinder

Structural damages Corrosion

The lifting Golden Rules
9
 How inspect a crane ?
 Daily Pre use checks

10°/ In the interest of safety and fire prevention, check

that crane cabin is
in tidy condition
No fire extinguisher
10°/ Check the operating pressure in any air and / or
hydraulic system.

11°/ Check the operation of the crane through all

motion with particular attention to brakes

12°/ Check the operation of all limit switches or cut

out

Anti two block

Test boom limit switch Boom stop devices
The lifting Golden Rules
10
How to do theses checks ?
 By filling of pre use check list

→ Any defect observed by

crane operator should be
reported to crane mechanic
or supervisor

→ Additional points controlled

on a weekly basis

→ Thorough examination
every six months

The lifting Golden Rules

11
How read a crane chart ?

Boom length

Load
THE LOADS INDICATED EXCLUDE
THE WEIGHT OF THE HOOK BLOCK
Radius

→ Never exceed crane capacity !!!

Particular care when reaching 80 % of capacity (including DAF)
The lifting Golden Rules 12
How to read a crane chart?
The bold line shown in this
table indicates the limit:
• Above the line:
Damage to the
equipment
• Below the line: The
equipment will overturn

BE CAREFUL TO UNITS
Charts could be in Pound / feet

1 T (metric ton) = 2204 lbs

1 lbs = 0.45 kg

1 m = 3.28 ft
1 ft = 0.30 m

The lifting Golden Rules

13
Safe use of cranes
 First rule:
Having a lifting plan (even generic) to know at least:

- Cargo weight

- Cargo Centre Of Gravity

- Start and end position

- Crane use ratio during operation

- Ground bearing pressure

→ See on next slide an example of lifting drawing for a complex

operation
The lifting Golden Rules
14
Safe use of cranes Load to Ground
be liftedbearing
with
Crane
Crane
5%use
pressure
cont
radius
ratio

Start position

End position

15
Safe use of cranes
 Always make sure outriggers are deployed and are positioned on
spreader plate

PRESS

OK NO
→ Spreader plate size depends of ground condition and
of applied load
The lifting Golden Rules
16
Safe use of cranes
 Make sure there are no underground facilities under crane foot.

Gas main, water main,..

NO

→ Underground facilities position to be marked on

the soil or on the quay !!
Marking on quay.
The lifting Golden Rules
17
Safe use of cranes
 When working next to an excavation, make sure safe distance are
respected
Distance a
a=b

depth
b

NO
OK

PRESS

Make sure a ≥ 2 x b
Make sure d ≥ 2m

The lifting Golden Rules

18
Safe use of cranes
 When working next quay side respect the minimal distance between
quay side and crane foot.

Minimal distance to quay

border

OK

→ Minimal distance crane foot / crawler to quay to be given by quay

designer (generally around 2 m)
The lifting Golden Rules
19
 Safe use of cranes
 Make sure the quay / Jetty are strong enough to withstand the crane
loads

Observation of Jetty supporting Jetty structural inspection !!!!

plate generated a ....

→ Quay and jetty to be regularly structurally inspected.

The lifting Golden Rules

20
 Safe use of cranes
 Check that the type of ground can withstand the bearing pressure
transmitted via the outriggers when the crane is lifting the heaviest load.
SOIL - Presumed bearing pressure Maximal bearing pressure

Non cohesive soils (T/m²) Lbs/in²

Dense gravel or dense sand and gravel > 60 >87

Medium dense gravel or medium dense sand and gravel < 20 to 60 <29 to 87
Loose gravel, or lose sand and gravel < 20 <29
Compact sand > 30 >43,5
Medium dense sand 10 to 30 14,5 to 43,5
Loose sand < 10 <14,5
Cohesive soil (T/m²) Lbs/in²
very stiff bolder clays and hard clays 30 to 60 43,5 to 87
Stiff clays 15 to 30 21,5 to 43,5 Tragic accident probably due to
Firm clays 7,5 to 15 10,5 to 21,5 soil collapse
Soft clays and silts <7,5 <10,5
Very soft clay NA NA
Peat NA NA
Made ground NA NA

→ Presumed bearing pressure of soils: for information only.

Proper values to be determined by geotechnical CPY.

The lifting Golden Rules

21
Safe use of cranes
 Make sure there are no side loads when performing an operation

→ Main risk of side load

is to create boom
collapse or crane
overturning

NO NO OK

The lifting Golden Rules

22
 Safe use of cranes
 Make sure there are no tilt forward or backward when performing an
operation
Risk of tilt Risk of tilt
backwards forwards

NO NO
NO NO
OK

Level ground: Normal operation Uphill: Radius reduces Downhill: Radius increase
The lifting Golden Rules
23
Safe use of cranes
 Dragging the load is strictly forbidden !!!

RISKS OF CRANE
OVERTURNING

NO

The lifting Golden Rules

24
Safe use of cranes
 Make sure the minimal distance are respected when working next to
electrical lines.

Distance to be ≥ 15m

OK

PRESS

NO

The lifting Golden Rules

25
Safe use of cranes
 Make sure the weather conditions allows the operations to be carried
out

 Wind limitation to be given by crane manufacturer (can be reduced if

decided by affiliate)

EXTRACT OF LIEBHERR LR 1350 DATA SHEET

Max permissible wind speed on Liebherr LR 1350 is

9m/s

PRESS

Crane collapse that happened to lifting operation carried

out with excessive wind

The lifting Golden Rules

26
Safe use of cranes
 Crane signal (recommended in BS7121)

The lifting Golden Rules

27
Safe use of cranes
 Crane signal (recommended in BS7121)

The lifting Golden Rules

28
 QUIZZ

The lifting Golden Rules

 What are the following ? Boom end sheave

Expandable sections Anti two block device

Boom base

Lifting wire rope

Counterweight

Hook block

Lifting hook

Turntable Boom raising cylinder

Outrigger extendable beams

Outrigger pad
The lifting Golden Rules 30
QUIZZ
 What are the following ?

Anti two block

Jib stop

Angle indicator
The lifting Golden Rules
31
QUIZZ
 What is wrong here ?

Correct method for wedge socket

termination

Bulldog clip on live rope

The lifting Golden Rules
32
 QUIZZ
 How
Is it possible
many 5 T
Considering ato2 lift a load
counterweight
T hook of 73are
block T@
and 1 3,5m
mounted with
on 21m
T of rigging boom ?
theweight,
crane?
which
NO
5 !! !!!
Thismaximal
What about
crane load
chart can
hook be lifted
block
is given and
for @
25 T9counterweight!
m radius
rigging ? ?
weight
34,6 T (34,6 T + 2 T + 1T = 37,6 T) with 16,8 m boom length

The lifting Golden Rules

33
QUIZZ
 What does it mean (according to BS 7121) ?

Hoist Travel to me Emergency stop

The lifting Golden Rules

34
QUIZZ
 What is wrong here ?

Most probably exceed Outriggers are not deployed

of capacity at radius !!!

The lifting Golden Rules

35
QUIZZ
 What is wrong here ?

Not enough
clearance !!

Always at least 1 m
of clearance
between any part
of the crane and
fixed parts

The lifting Golden Rules

36
QUIZZ
 Is the crane correctly positioned?
a = 10 m a=7m

1m 3m

b=5m b=4m

No !! Minimal distance foot No !! Following condition to

plate – top of talus to be at be respected: a ≥ 2b
least 2 m So distance to be a ≥ 8m

The lifting Golden Rules

37
QUIZZ  What is wrong here ?
Too close from electrical lines !!
Minimal distance is 15 m
The lifting Golden Rules
1 - Never walk under a suspended
load
2 - Bad rigging
3 - No safety cash on hook
4 - No appropriate EPI
5 - No safety barriers
38
 THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION

Don’t Forget, if any doubt...

!!! STOP THE OPERATION AND ASK !!!

The lifting Golden Rules
39
NABORS 55T CRANE PAD-108

PRESS

40
Bad practice EP-1 and EP-2

PRESS

41
Bad practice

PRESS

42