Concretes

and Gypsum
products
Portland-cement concrete
 a mixture of portland cement, water, coarse and fine
aggregates, and admixtures proportioned to form a
plastic mass capable of being cast, placed, or molded
into forms that will harden to a solid mass
Desirable properties of plastic concrete:
o Workable
o Placeable
o Nonsegregating
o set in the desired time

Hardened concrete should provide the desired service properties:

1. Strength (compressive and flexural)
2. Durability ( lack of cracks, resistance to freezing and thawing and to chemical
attacks, abrasion resistance, and air content)
3. Appearance ( color, lack of surface imperfections)

*Each of these properties affects the final cost of the mix design and the cost of the in-
place concrete. These properties are available from normal-weight, light-weight, and
heavy weight concretes.
Polymers concrete
Polymers - plastics with long chain molecules
Ways to enhance concrete properties using polymers:
1. Replacement of portland cement
2. Incorporation in a mix as an admixture
3. Impregnating hardened concrete
Slab Toppings
 At least partly because of excellent adhesion, epoxies are formulated
with sand and other fillers to provide surfacing materials for concrete.
 Unlike standard concrete topping, epoxy-based surfacing materials can
be thin.
 They are especially useful for smoothing uneven, irregular surfaces.

Grout
 Cracked concrete can be repaired with an epoxy grout.
 It is forced into cracks under pressure for deep penetration
 Because of its good bonding strength, the epoxy grout can largely restore
strength, while, at the same time, sealing the crack against penetration of
liquids
Concrete Masonry Units
 it includes concrete brick, concrete block or tile,
concrete floor and roof slabs, precast wall panels,
precast beams, and cast stone
 made both from normal dense concrete mixes and
from mixes with lightweight aggregates
Concrete blocks
 are made with holes through them to reduce their weight and to enable
masons to grip them

8 x 8 x 16 in
 nominal size(actual dimensions plus width of martar joint) of hollow
concrete block
Gypsum Products

Gypsum
 a cementitious material composed of at least 70% of
CaSO4 • 2H2O by weight
 main ingredient of many building products

a. Gypsumboard
 consists of a core of set gypsum surfaced with specifically paper
firmly bonded to the core.
 designed to be used without addition of plaster for walls, ceilings,
or partitions and provides a surface suitable to receive either
paint or paper
Gypsum Products

Types of Gypsumboard:

1. Gypsum wallboard
 used for the surface layer on interior walls and ceiling

I. Regular Gypsum wallboard - with gray liner paper on the back

and a special paper covering for decoration, usually cream-
colored, on facing side and edges
II. Foil-backed gypsum wallboard - has aluminum foil bonded to
the liner paper to serve as a vapor barrier and, when contiguous
to an airspace, as thermal insulation
Gypsum Products

Types of Gypsumboard:

III. Predecorated gymsum wallboard - does not require decorative

treatment after installation because it comes with a finished
surface, often a decorative vinyl or paper sheet
Gypsum Products

Types of Gypsumboard:

2. Backing Board
 used as a base layer in multi-ply construction, where several layers
of gypsumboard are desired for high fire resistance, sound control,
and strength in walls
 16 to 48 in wide, 4 to 16 ft long, and 1/4 to 1 in thick

3. Gypsum Coreboard
 to save space, this type is used as a base in multi-ply construction
of self-supporting (studless) gypsum walls
 may be supplied as 1-in-thick, solid backing board or as two
factory-laminated, 1/2-in-thick layers of backing board
Gypsum Products

Types of Gypsumboard:

4. Type X Gypsumboard
 used in fire-rated assemblies
 may be gypsum wallboard, backing board, or coreboard with core
made more fire resistant by addition of glass fiber or other
reinforcing materials

5. Water-Resistant Gypsum Backing Board

 comes with water-resistant gymsum core and water-repellant face
paper
 may be used as a base for wall tile in baths, showers, and other
areas subject to wetting
Gypsum Products

Types of Gypsumboard:

6. Gypsum Sheathing
 used as fire protection and bracing of exterior fram walls
 must be protected from the weather by an exterior facing
 it comes 24 to 48 in wide, 6 to 12 ft long, and 3/8, 4/10, 1/2, and
5/8 in thick

7. Gypsum Formboard
 used as a permanent form in the casting of gypsum-concrete roof
decks
Gypsum Products

b. Gypsum Lath
 similar to gypsumboard in that it consists of a core of set
gypsum surfaced with paper
 the paper for gypsumboard, however, is produced so that it is
ready to receive paint or paper, while that for gypsum lath is
specially designed or treated so that plaster will bond tightly
to the paper.
 some lath provides perforations or other mechanical keying
assist in holding the plaster firmly on the lath
 comes jn 16-, 16 1/2, 24- and 32-in widths, length of 32, 36,
and 48 in, and 3/8- and 1/2-in widths
 made as regular, X-rated (fire-retardant), and insulating (foil-
backed) types
Gypsum Products

c. Gypsum Sheathing Board

 similar in construction to gypsumboard except that they are
provided with a water-repellant paper surface
 made with either square edges or with V tongue-and-groove
edges
 commonly made 3/4 to 5/8 in thick, 6 to 12 ft long, and with
a nominal width of 24 or 48 in.

d. Gypsum Partition Tile or Block

 are used for non-loading partition walls and for protection of
columns, elevator shafts, etc. against fire.
 they have been essentially replaced by dry-wall systems
Gypsum Products

e. Gypsum Plank
 precast gypsum product used particularly for roof
construction is composed of a core of gypsum cast in the
form of a plank, with wire-fabric reinforcement and usually
with tongue-and-groove metal edges and ends
 available in two thickness-- a 2-in plank, which is 15 in width
and 10 ft long, and a 3-in plank which is 12 in wide and 30 in
long