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Nutrition in Plants
Nutrition in Plants
(4BI1)
Structure and Functions in Living Things
Topic 2e
Nutrition - Plants
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Plant nutrition
L.O.: To understand the process of photosynthesis and its
importance in the conversion of light energy to chemical
energy.
To describe the structure of leaf and explain how it is adapted
for photosynthesis • Draw, label and describe the structure
Must of the leaf and explain how it is adapted
for photosynthesis
• Can you recall the word equation and the
Must balanced symbol equation for photosynthesis?
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2e – Nutrition - Plants
What is photosynthesis?
• This process happens inside plant cells in the chloroplasts.
• Chloroplasts contain a special pigment called chlorophyll which traps the
energy from the sun and then uses it to turn water and carbon dioxide
into sugar (glucose) for the plant.
sunlight
Carbon dioxide + Water chlorophyll Glucose + Oxygen
sunlight
6CO2 + 6H2O
chlorophyll
C6H12O6 + 6O2
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2e – Nutrition - Plants
What is photosynthesis?
• It’s easy to balance the photosynthesis equation.
• Just remember that everything has a 6 before it except the glucose.
sunlight
6CO2 + 6H2O
chlorophyll
C6H12O6 + 6O2
Used in respiration to
release energy Stored in fruit as
sucrose
Stored as starch
GLUCOSE
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2e – Nutrition - Plants
Structure of a leaf
Cuticle
Palisade
Vascular bundle
Mesophyll
Spongy
Lower epidermis
Air space
Guard cell Stoma 8
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2e – Nutrition - Plants
Structure of a leaf
• The cells in a leaf are arranged in layers a little like a Jaffa Cake.
• The waxy cuticle is like the chocolate.
• The palisade mesophyll is like the orange jelly
• And the sponge is like the spongy mesophyll!!
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2e – Nutrition - Plants
Structure of a leaf
• Leaves are perfectly adapted to carrying out photosynthesis!
1. The palisade layer is packed with chloroplasts for photosynthesis.
2. The leaf has a transparent upper epidermis to let light through to
the palisade layer.
3. The leaf has a broad shape to increase surface area to catch more
light.
4. The leaf is thin to allow rapid diffusion for gaseous exchange.
5. The leaf has air spaces in the spongy layer to allow for gaseous
exchange.
6. The leaf has lots of stomata to allow for gaseous exchange.
7. The leaf has guard cells to control if the stomata open or closed.
8. The waxy cuticle reduces water loss by evaporation.
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Plant nutrition
L.O.: To understand how varying carbon dioxide concentration, light intensity
and temperature affect the rate of photosynthesis
STARTER QUESTION
Why is photosynthesis very important?
2e – Nutrition - Plants
Factors affecting photosynthesis
• The rate of photosynthesis relies on three things.
Light intensity
Amount of CO2
Temperature
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2e – Nutrition - Plants
Factors affecting photosynthesis
Light intensity
• The higher the light intensity, the faster the rate of photosynthesis – provided that there is
lots of carbon dioxide and the temperature is warm enough.
Rate of photosynthesis
Light Intensity
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2e – Nutrition - Plants
Factors affecting photosynthesis
Amount of CO2
• The higher the carbon dioxide level, the faster the rate of photosynthesis – again, provided
there is plenty of light and a suitable temperature.
Rate of photosynthesis
Temperature
• As the temperature rises, the rate of photosynthesis increases – provided there is plenty of
carbon dioxide and light. This is because the temperature affects the enzymes controlling
photosynthesis.
Temperature
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2e – Nutrition - Plants
Factors affecting photosynthesis
• The factor that is at the lowest level will be the factor which limits the
rate of reaction. This factor is called the limiting factor.
• If the limiting factor is increased, the rate of photosynthesis will increase
until one of the other factors becomes limiting.
Light intensity
Amount of CO2
Temperature 16
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Plant nutrition
L.O.: To investigate how the intensity of light affects the rate of photosynthesis
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2e – Nutrition - Plants
PRACTICAL
Photosynthesis experiments
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2e – Nutrition - Plants
PRACTICAL
Photosynthesis experiments
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2e – Nutrition - Plants
PRACTICAL
Photosynthesis experiments
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2e – Nutrition - Plants
PRACTICAL
Photosynthesis experiments
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2e – Nutrition - Plants
PRACTICAL
Photosynthesis experiments
4. Remove the leaf after a minute using forceps and rinse with
cold water under the tap.
5. Spread it out on a white tile and drip iodine over it.
6. Iodine will turn blue black if starch is present.
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2e – Nutrition - Plants
PRACTICAL
Photosynthesis experiments
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2e – Nutrition - Plants
PRACTICAL
Photosynthesis experiments
• You can also prove using the following apparatus and
the starch leaf test that CO2 is needed for
photosynthesis.
• The soda lime absorbs CO2 so if you leave the plant in
the sealed bell jar for a while it will stop
photosynthesising and use up its starch reserves for
energy.
• Therefore if you tested a leaf for starch it wont give a
positive result.
Soda lime
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2e – Nutrition - Plants
PRACTICAL
Photosynthesis experiments
• You can use an aquatic plant such as Elodea (pondweed) to measure the
rate of photosynthesis under various conditions.
• As the plant photosynthesises it produces oxygen gas as bubbles.
• You can measure the volume produced in a given time to calculate the
rate.
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2e – Nutrition - Plants
PRACTICAL
Photosynthesis experiments
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2e – Nutrition - Plants
PRACTICAL
Photosynthesis experiments
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2e – Nutrition - Plants
Minerals
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2e – Nutrition - Plants
Minerals - Nitrates
Used to
make a
acids, p mino
r
many o oteins and
the r m o
for the lecules
plant su
c h as
DNA.
y ca u s e s
c
Deficien rowth
t u nted g
s l e av es
o w
and yell
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2e – Nutrition - Plants
Minerals - Magnesium
m a ke
e d to
Us h y ll f or
lo ro p
c h a n t.
th e pl
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2c – Nutrition - Plants
CONCEPT CHECK – True or false
Q: Explain how you would safely test a variegated leaf to show the chlorophyll
is needed for photosynthesis. (6 marks)
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2c – Nutrition - Plants
CONCEPT CHECK – Exam style question
Q: Explain how you would safely test a variegated leaf to show the chlorophyll
is needed for photosynthesis. (6 marks)
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