Civil Engineering

Reporter: XXX Date: 20XX.XX

 CONTENTS

01 02 03 04 05
Project Overview Architectural design Structural design Design summary
Introduction

Theme color makes Theme color makes Theme color makes Theme color makes Theme color makes
PPT more convenient. PPT more convenient. PPT more convenient. PPT more convenient. PPT more convenient.
 Plastering
is a process of applying one or more coats of mortar to a concrete surface, brickwork, stone masonry or lathing.
It must be durable such that it resists the penetration of moisture and should be able to weather uniformly. It
should also be pleasing in appearance. These properties depend upon materials used, composition of mix, and
degree of mechanical bond between the plaster and the backing surface and workmanship.

One
STEPS FOR PLASTERING :
STEP 1 : PREPARATION OF SURFACE:-
 Keep all the mortar joint of wall rough.
 Brush out all the dust and loose mortar
 Surface should be properly cured and dry surface.

STEP 2: HACKING :-
 Hacking of concrete surface can start after curing for 1
day. It is easier to hack at this stage.
 The Hacking hammer is brought in contact with the
concrete surface with an impact, such that only a small
portion of well finished concrete surface is chipped off.
 Also we can use a mechanical device instead of
hammer.
 The indent caused by such an action should be
approximately 25 mm in length by visual observation
and not more than 2 to 3 mm in depth. Very deep
indents on concrete member can affects its strength.
 NOTE * : INDENT – mark caused during hacking on
concrete surface due to impact.
•STEP 3: INSTALLATION OF BUTTON MARKS:-
• Button marks for Plastering should be fixed and checked. The button mark should be at
not more than 2m from each other in both horizontal and vertical direction.
• Button marks are installed using right angle triangle 📐 and string .
• Button marks on opposite wall should be fixed exactly opposite of each other.

• STEP 4: MIXING OF INGREDIENTS :-

• Mixing of ingredients is done by a mixer.

• Dry mortar is mixed initially and thereafter water
is added to the dry mix to get required
consistency.
• The quantity of the mortar made at a time should
be such that it can be consumed within 30
minutes.
• Generally, on this site , for plastering mix ratio is
1:4 .
• To measure the quantities of cement and sand during
• plastering , a Measuring Box is used .
• This box made of wood and its size in our site is
• 300*300*380 mm .

•STEP 4: APPLYING THE MIX :-

• In this site , a two – coat method is used for plastering.

• In this method , the first coat is known as Under Coat
and second coat is known as Float or Finishing Coat.
• Undercoat plasters are usually applied at 10 mm and
most finish
• coat plasters are applied at 2 mm.
• Internal Plaster : Thickness of the internal plaster is
maintained
•Up to 10 to 15 mm. The mortar should be used within
30 to 45 minutes of its preparation.
• External Plaster : The no of coats for external plaster
should not exceeds 2 coats.
•Thickness of the external plaster is maintained up to 20
to 25 mm.
 TOOLS
&
EQUIPMENT
S
•TILING :
• Tiles in building construction are thin plates or
elements used to cover surfaces like roofs , floors, and walls.
Tiles in the present scenario are a primary element in
bringing building interior as well exterior finishing and beauty.
•Also we define tiling as ,
• The process of fixing tiles on the walls
and floors to give them a desired finish and a durable surface.
Tiles are available in different colors ,
•types and textures.

•Tiles that are used in our site are :

• Vitrified tiles
• Kota Stone
• Ceramic tiles
• Pegasus Beige
• Terracotta tiles
• Terrazzo Eton Beige
 • STEPS FOR TILING :-

•STEP 1 : PREPARING THE SURFACE :-

•
• The surface on which the tiles will be laid should be
cleared of all the debris
• and loose particles. It should be washed , if
required.
• 5% of the total quantity of tiles that arrive in each
batch is kept as wastage.
• For floor tiling, the concrete slab surface has to be
thoroughly cleaned.
• For bathroom, under-tile waterproofing should be
complete.
• The surface is free of cracks and holes.
• Also , surface is properly level by tube level and a
1m marking is marked on
the walls
from FFL ( floor finish level) by the surveyor.
STEP 2: INSTALLATION OF BUTTON MARKS :-
 With the help of One meter mark that previously made , we established our button marks and distance

between each other is 1 meter.

 Firstly, we made button marks on the corners point , so with the help string we can mark our
intermediate button marks.
 Secondly, during installation of button marks , we have to keep in mind about the slope that we
provide in the floor and accordingly to the slope , thickness of the button marks decreases.
 Use of spirit level is must as with the help of this , we can check the level of the button marks in both
direction ( latitude and longitudinal ).
•STEP 3 : PREPARAING THE MIX AND TILE FIXING :-
•( FLOOR TILES )

• Generally , the mix prepared for tiling can be 1:4 ,1:5 or 1:6 , as per the
• requirements.
• Mechanical mixing ( Mixer) is preferred for mixing instead of hand
• mixing as proper mixing of cement + sand + water takes place in the
• mixer.
• Also , cement slurry ( 0.6/0.8 – 1 ) is prepared and used during tile
• fixing by spreading between mix and tile. This cement slurry acts as a
• thin , smooth layer that fills gaps and enhances tile adhesion.
• These materials ensure proper alignment and provide a strong base for
• tiling application.
• For the floor tiles ( 600*600) , cover – up-to 40 mm and 3 mm spacer
• are used.
 The tiles along the border will be fixed after the full tiles have been fixed.
 The level of tiles should be checked every time a tile is laid using spirit level. Any
undulation can be leveled using a rubber hammer.
 A skirting of 10-12 cm height is provided with the tiles , on the walls as per the
requirements.
 At the end , the floor tile grouting is done and different – different chemicals are used.
Example : Tile joint filler and tile joint additive ( ROFF).
 After the Grouting , sufficient curing should be done for a minimum of 3 days and then
protection sheets are laid to prevent the tiles from damaging .
Introduction

After you hit your content here, or by copying your text

Title text Title text

After you hit your After you hit your

Title text Title text

After you hit your After you hit your
Introduction
After you hit your content here, or by copying your text
Title text
01
Your content is hit here, or by copying your text, in this box
After you hit your content here, or by copying your text,
choose to paste your content in this box By copying your
text, choose to paste
02
Your content is hit here, or by copying your text, in this box
After you hit your content here, or by copying your text,
choose to paste your content in this box By copying your
text, choose to paste
Title text
Your content is hit here, or by copying your text, in this box
After you hit your content here, or by copying your text,
choose to paste your content in this box By copying your
text, choose to paste
Your content is hit here, or by copying your text, in this box
After you hit your content here, or by copying your text,
choose to paste your content in this box By copying your
text, choose to paste
Introduction

After you hit your content here, or by copying your text

Title text
Your content is hit here, or by copying your text, in this box After you hit your content here, or by
copying your text, choose to paste your content in this box By copying your text, choose to paste your
content in this box after hitting here, or by copying your text, choose to paste your content in this box
after hitting here, or by copying your text, in this box Choose Paste in this box After you hit your content
here, or by copying your text, choose

Please enter your

Project Overview

After you hit your content here, or by copying your text

Please enter your

01. 02.
Please enter your Please enter your
Your content is hit here, or by copying your text, in this box After you hit your Your content is hit here, or by copying your text, in this box After you hit your
content here, or by copying your text, choose to content here, or by copying your text, choose to
Project Overview

After you hit your content here, or by copying your text

Please enter your

Your content is hit here, or by copying your text, in this box After you hit your
content here, or by copying your text, choose to

01 02 03
Title text Title text Title text

After you hit your content here, or by copying your After you hit your content here, or by copying After you hit your content here, or by copying
text, choose paste in this box your text, choose paste in this your text, choose paste in this
Project Overview

After you hit your content here, or by copying your text

Title text Title text Title text Title text

Your content is hit here, or by copying Your content is hit here, or by copying Your content is hit here, or by copying Your content is hit here, or by copying
your text, in this your text, in this your text, in this your text, in this
Architectural design
Please enter your
Architectural design

After you hit your content here, or by copying your text

Please enter
your

After you hit your content here, or by copying

your text, choose paste in this box

Your content is hit here, or by copying your text, 20XX - 20XX - 20XX - 20XX -
in this box After you hit your content here, or by
copying your text, choose to paste your content After you hit your content here, or by After you hit your content here, or by After you hit your content here, or by After you hit your content here, or by
in this box After copying your text, select Paste copying your text, choose copying your text, choose copying your text, choose copying your text, choose
in this box
Architectural design

After you hit your content here, or by copying your text

01 Please enter your 02 Please enter your

• Your content is hit here, or by copying your • Your content is hit here, or by copying your
text, in this box choose paste After you hit your text, in this box choose paste After you hit your
content here, or by copying your text, choose content here, or by copying your text, choose
paste in this box paste in this box

03 Please enter your 04 Please enter your

• Your content is hit here, or by copying your • Your content is hit here, or by copying your
text, in this box choose paste After you hit your text, in this box choose paste After you hit your
content here, or by copying your text, choose content here, or by copying your text, choose
paste in this box paste in this box
Architectural design

After you hit your content here, or by copying your text

Please enter your

Title text
Title text
Your content is hit here, or by copying your text, in this box After
you hit your content here, or by copying your text, choose to paste
your content in this box By copying your text, choose to paste
your content in this box after hitting here, or by copying your text,
choose to paste your content in this box after hitting here, or by
copying your text, in this box Select Paste in this box

Your content is hit here, or by copying your text, in this box

After you hit your content here, or by copying your text,
choose to paste your content in this box By copying your text,
choose to paste your content in this box after hitting here, or
by copying your text, choose to paste your content in this box
after hitting here, or by copying your text, in this
Structural design
Please enter your
Structural design

After you hit your content here, or by copying your text

Please enter Your content is hit here, or by copying your text, in this box After you hit your content here, or by copying
your text, choose to paste your content in this box By copying your text, select Paste in this box After

Your title text hitting your content here, or by copying your text, Select

Title text Title text Title text Title text Title text

After you hit your After you hit your After you hit your After you hit your After you hit your
content here, or by content here, or by content here, or by content here, or by content here, or by
copying your text copying your text copying your text copying your text copying your text
Structural design

After you hit your content here, or by copying your text

01 Please enter your Please enter your 02

• Your content is hit here, or by copying your • Your content is hit here, or by copying your
text, in this box choose paste After you hit your text, in this box choose paste After you hit your
content here, or by copying your text, choose content here, or by copying your text, choose
paste in this box paste in this box

03 Please enter your Please enter your 04

• Your content is hit here, or by • Your content is hit here, or by copying your text,
copying your text, in this box choose in this box choose paste After you hit your
paste After you content here, or by copying your text, choose
paste in this box
Structural design

After you hit your content here, or by copying your text

Title text
After you hit your content here, or by copying your text,

Please enter
choose paste in this box

Your title text

Your content is hit here, or by copying your text, in this box After you hit your
content here, or by copying your text, choose to paste your content in this box By
copying your text, select Paste in this box After hitting your content here, or by
copying your text, Select Paste in this
Design summary
Please enter your title text
When you copy & paste, choose "keep text only" option.
Design summary

After you hit your content here, or by copying your text

Please enter your title text

Your content is hit here, or by copying your text, in this box After you hit your content here, or by copying your text, choose to paste your content in this
box After copying your text, select Paste in this box

After you hit your content here, or by copying your text

Your content is hit here, or by copying your text, in this box choose paste After you hit your content here,
or by copying your text, choose paste in this box
Design summary

After you hit your content here, or by copying your text

Please enter your

Word

Your content is hit here, or by copying your text, in this box Title text Title text

After you hit your After you hit your

content here, or by content here, or by
copying your text copying your text
 THANKS
Thank you for watching
Reporter: XXX Date: 20XX.XX