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1 Introducing Science 中 /EN
Flipped classroom
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1.3 Laboratory safety
A. The science laboratory
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In studying science, you will do a lot of experiments in

the laboratory. A laboratory has different types of
equipment and apparatus. It is a suitable place for
doing experiments.
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In the laboratory, we need to

use safety equipment. It is
used to protect our safety
when we are doing
experiments. Let us have a look
at some equipment.
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Laboratory safety equipment…
laboratory coat safety goggles

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gloves fire blanket

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fire extinguisher sand bucket

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first-aid box
eye wash bottle fume cupboard
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There are many potential

dangers in the laboratory.
Accidents can happen if we do
not pay attention to safety
rules. Let us identify some
potential dangers in the
laboratory.
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Activity 1.8
Potential dangers in the

laboratory
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Activity 1.8
The picture on the next slide shows some

potential dangers in the laboratory. Circle all the
potential dangers. For each of them, discuss
with your classmates why it is dangerous and
suggest precautions you can take to prevent
accidents.
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1.3 Laboratory safety A: Should wear safety goggles / Should
not point test tube containing boiling
Activity 1.8 liquids towards yourself or anybody.
A B C D
F G H
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1.3 Laboratory safety B: Should not smell the chemicals
directly.
Activity 1.8
A B C D
F G H
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1.3 Laboratory safety C: Should not touch hot apparatus with
bare hands
Activity 1.8
A B C D
F G H
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1.3 Laboratory safety D: Should not leave the Bunsen burner
unattended. / Should not put flammable
Activity 1.8 substances near the flame.
A B C D
F G H
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1.3 Laboratory safety E: Should tie up long hair.
Activity 1.8
A B C D
F G H
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1.3 Laboratory safety F: Should not clean up broken glasses
with bare hands.
Activity 1.8
A B C D
F G H
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1.3 Laboratory safety G: Should not touch the electric plug wit
wet hands. / Should put the test tube in
Activity 1.8 the test tube rack.
A B C D
F G H
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1.3 Laboratory safety H: Should not eat or drink in the
laboratory.
Activity 1.8
A B C D
F G H
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B. Laboratory safety rules
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When we do experiments, we
should always follow the
laboratory safety rules so as to
prevent accidents.
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DOs 1. Always follow the instructions

given by your teacher.
2. Know the fire escape route.
3. Read safety precautions before
doing an experiment.
4. Wear safety goggles when
heating or mixing substances.
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DOs 5. Tie up long hair and tuck in

school ties when doing
experiments.
6. Wash your hands after
completing an experiment.
7. Keep the laboratory clean and
tidy.
8. Report all accidents to your
teacher immediately.
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DON’Ts 1. Do not enter the laboratory

without your teacher’s
permission.
2. Do not run or play in the
laboratory.
3. Do not eat or drink in the
laboratory.
4. Do not smell or taste any
chemicals unless your teacher
asks you to do so.
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DON’Ts 5. Do not touch hot apparatus.
6. Do not throw solid wastes into

the sink.
7. Do not point test tubes containing

boiling liquids towards yourself or
other students.
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Activity 1.9
Laboratory safety rules
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Activity 1.9
1. Explain why we need to follow the laboratory
safety rules below.
(a)Wear safety goggles when heating
substances.
Safety goggles can
protect our _______
eyes
from chemicals.
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Activity 1.9
1. Explain why we need to follow the laboratory
safety rules below.
(b)Tie up long hair and fasten school ties when
doing experiments.
This prevents our
hair, ties or clothes
from catchingfire
_______.
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Activity 1.9
2. Refer to the Don’ts on the previous slides.
Match the Don’ts with the reasons below. The
first one has been done for you.
(a)Food may be contaminated by the

3
chemicals.
(b)Your skin may be burned. 5
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Activity 1.9
(c)Accidents can happen without your

1
teacher’s supervision.
(d)The hot liquid inside may splash. 7
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Activity 1.9
(e)Wastes may block the drain. 6
(f) You may break the apparatus or

knock down the chemicals and 2
hurt yourself.
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Activity 1.9
(g)The chemicals may be harmful. 4
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• A ________________
laboratory is a suitable place for
doing experiments.
• We need to follow safety rules in the
laboratory.
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C. Hazard warning symbols
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Have you noticed that some

products used in daily life have
warning symbols on their
containers as shown below?
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These symbols are also found

on the containers of many
hazardous chemicals in the
laboratory.
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These hazard warning symbols

warn us of the potential
dangers of the chemicals. They
may be flammable, corrosive,
explosive, toxic, harmful, or
irritant.
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We need to handle all

hazardous chemicals with care.
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Hazard warning symbol Safety precautions

• Keep away from heat
and flame
• Wear safety goggles
and protective gloves
when handling the
chemical
• Store in a well
ventilated room
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• Keep away from heat
and flame
• Avoid shock, which
may cause the
chemicals to explode
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• Avoid breathing the
vapour of the
chemical
• Wear safety goggles
and protective gloves
when handling the
chemical
• Wash your hands
thoroughly after
handling the chemical
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We should pay attention to the ____________

hazard warning symbols
on the containers of chemicals before

experiments.
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D.Handling some common laboratory accidents
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We can reduce the chance of

accidents if we follow
laboratory safety rules and
handle chemicals properly.
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However, when accidents do

happen, we need to keep calm
and tell the teacher
immediately.
Follow the teacher’s

instructions to handle
different accidents.
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Cuts Clean the wound with

water and apply a
dressing to it
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Heat burns or Place the affected

chemical burns area under slow
running water
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Chemicals get into Wash the eyes with

the eyes distilled water from an
eye wash bottle
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Glass breakage Clean up broken pieces

of glass and dispose of
them in a broken glass
container
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Glass breakage Do not throw them

into a general rubbish
bin
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Gas leakage Turn off the gas supply

and open all windows
and doors
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Fires Keep calm and report to

your teacher at once
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Fires Do not put out the fire by

yourself
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E. Handling a fire in the laboratory
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If there is a fire in laboratory,

how should we put it out?
To answer this question,

we first need to know the
conditions that cause a
fire. 58
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1. Conditions for a fire to start
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For a fire to start, a fuel, oxygen and a high

temperature are needed.
These three conditions make up the fire
triangle.
oxygen high
temperature
fuel
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Experiment 1.2 Watch the Expt. video
Investigating the
conditions for a fire to start
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Material and apparatus
short candle 1
white tile 1
gas jar 1
wash bottle 1
gas lighter 1
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1. Light a candle. Put it on a white tile. Then,

cover it with an inverted gas jar.
inverted
burning gas jar
candle
white tile
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What happens to the candle flame?

goes out
The candle flame _____________________.
inverted
burning gas jar
candle
white tile
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2. Explain what you observed in Step 1. Also, in

the fire triangle on the right, put a ‘’ on the
condition that has been removed in the step.
Oxygen
___________ is 
oxygen high
temperature
removed, which is
needed for a fire to
start.
fuel
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3. Light a candle. Then, use a wash bottle to

spray some water onto the candle flame.
wash bottle
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goes out
The candle flame ____________________.
wash bottle
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oxygen high
___________ is
High temperature

temperature
removed, which is
start.
fuel
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5. Light a candle. Then, let it burn out.

goes out
The candle flame ____________________.
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Fuel oxygen high

___________ is temperature
removed, which is
start.

fuel
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2. Putting out a fire
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A fuel, oxygen and a high

temperature are the three
conditions needed for a fire to
start.
Without any one of these

conditions, the
fire triangle cannot be formed
and the fire will go out.
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We can apply this principle to

put out a fire. Let us see some
methods of putting out a fire.
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Activity 1.10
Methods of putting out

a fire
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Activity 1.10
The following photos show some methods of

putting out a fire or to prevent it from spreading.
Complete the table to explain how each method
works.
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Activity 1.10
Method How it works
Beating the burning plants

stops the supply of
___________
oxygen to the fire.
Using fire beaters
Spraying water on the fire

temperature
lowers the ____________.
Spraying with water
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Activity 1.10
Method How it works
firebreak
Cutting down the trees can

fuel
remove the ____________
and so the fire cannot
spread.
Cutting down trees to make a
firebreak
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A ________,
fuel ________and
oxygen a high
________
temperatureare
needed for a fire to start. These conditions

fire triangle
make up the ___________________.
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Demonstration
Using a fire extinguisher

to put out a fire in the
laboratory
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Your teacher will demonstrate the P.A.S.S.

technique of using a fire extinguisher. Watch
carefully.
Caution
Make sure the fire is put out
completely after the
experiment.
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1. Pull the safety pin.
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2. Aim at the lowest part of the fire.
2 m
~
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3. Squeeze the handle.
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4. Sweep from side to side until the fire is

completely put out.
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Different types of fire extinguishers

There are different types of fire extinguishers. They
are used for putting out different kinds of fires.
• carbon dioxide type (used on electrical
fires, fires caused by flammable liquids)
• water type (used on fires caused by
woods, textiles and papers)
• dry powder type (used on most fires)
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1.3 e-Checkpoint 1.3
1. In each of the following cases, state which

condition(s) of the fire triangle is/are removed
to put out the fire.
(a (b
) )
Fuel
______________________ Oxygen
______________________
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1. In each of the following cases, state which

condition(s) of the fire triangle is/are removed
to put out the fire.
(c) (d
)
High temperature/oxygen
______________________ oxygen
______________________
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2. A small fire accidentally takes place when Mrs.

Cheng is cooking. She turns off the gas supply at
once and covers the wok with a lid. The fire
goes out.
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Explain why Mrs. Cheng can put out the fire by:
(a) turning off the gas supply.
the fuel
This removes ___________________________.
(b) covering the wok with the lid.
This cuts off the supply of _________________.
oxygen
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1 Introducing Science 中 /EN

Aristo 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Slide 1/82

A. The science laboratory

In studying science, you will do a lot of experiments in

In the laboratory, we need to

Laboratory safety equipment…

laboratory coat safety goggles

Laboratory safety equipment…

gloves fire blanket

Laboratory safety equipment…

fire extinguisher sand bucket

Laboratory safety equipment…

There are many potential

Potential dangers in the

The picture on the next slide shows some

B. Laboratory safety rules

DOs 1. Always follow the instructions

DOs 5. Tie up long hair and tuck in

DON’Ts 1. Do not enter the laboratory

DON’Ts 5. Do not touch hot apparatus.

6. Do not throw solid wastes into

7. Do not point test tubes containing

Laboratory safety rules

(a)Food may be contaminated by the

(c)Accidents can happen without your

(e)Wastes may block the drain. 6

(f) You may break the apparatus or

(g)The chemicals may be harmful. 4

C. Hazard warning symbols

Have you noticed that some

These symbols are also found

These hazard warning symbols

We need to handle all

Hazard warning symbol Safety precautions

Hazard warning symbol Safety precautions

Hazard warning symbol Safety precautions

We should pay attention to the ____________

on the containers of chemicals before

D.Handling some common laboratory accidents

We can reduce the chance of

However, when accidents do

Follow the teacher’s

Cuts Clean the wound with

Heat burns or Place the affected

Chemicals get into Wash the eyes with

Glass breakage Clean up broken pieces

Glass breakage Do not throw them

Gas leakage Turn off the gas supply

Fires Keep calm and report to

Fires Do not put out the fire by

E. Handling a fire in the laboratory

If there is a fire in laboratory,

To answer this question,

1. Conditions for a fire to start

For a fire to start, a fuel, oxygen and a high

Experiment 1.2 Watch the Expt. video

Experiment 1.2 Watch the Expt. video

Material and apparatus

Experiment 1.2 Watch the Expt. video

1. Light a candle. Put it on a white tile. Then,

Experiment 1.2 Watch the Expt. video

What happens to the candle flame?