224

PE

Introduction to Team Sports and Coaching

At the end of this lesson, the students can give their definitions
of team sports and coaching.
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What are team sports?

 Team sports are when one group, or team, plays against another group, or
team, in a competition. The team members work together to achieve a common
goal. This differs from individual sports, wherein one individual competes
against another, such as in track and field, swimming, and wrestling. Individual
sports can also be performed in a non-competitive environment. You can
participate in activities such as hiking, biking, and running for enjoyment.
 Some examples of team sports are as follows: basketball, volleyball, softball,
baseball, soccer, handball, Frisbee, hockey, football, cricket, water polo, rugby
and etc.
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What is a sports team?

 Sports team refers to an athletic team comprised of
athletes. This type is intended to provide shared
properties across different sports. A collective group
of people who play a form of sport together as a
team.
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PE

What is coaching?
 Coaching can be defined as a collaborative helping relationship,
where coach and client (“coachee”) engage in a systematic process
of setting goals and developing solutions with the aim of facilitating
goal attainment, self-directed learning, and personal growth of the
coachee. The coachee’s responsibility is to implement action steps
to achieve defined goals, while the coach keeps the coachee on
track by managing the complex goal attainment process… (Grant,
2013).
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What is coach?
A coach is someone who instructs and works with students or with
adult clients to prepare them for anything from performing at their
peak in recreational or professional sports, to developing skills that
will help a person achieve life and career goals. A coach's primary
responsibility is to motivate the student or client to achieve their
potential in any area or areas that need improvement. They also
develop specific skill sets and goals important to the job or type of
recreation. These skills vary depending on the type of mentor to
student relationship.
224
PE
Share your answer.
Team Sports
Sports Team
PE
224
Basketball: Facilities and Equipment, Basic
Skills
At the end of this lesson, the students can explore the facilities
and equipment, and basic skills in basketball.
 224
PE

Brief History of the game, Basketball

 Basketball was invented by James Naismith, a Canadian American

physical education instructor at the YMCA Training School
 In Springfield, Massachusetts
 December of 1891
 The first basket was a peach basket, later the bottom of the basket
was removed
 The first ball used was a soccer ball
 The first formal rules were devised in 1892
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PE

The first 13 Rules of Basketball

1. The ball may be thrown in any direction with one or both hands
2. The ball may be batted in any direction with one or both hands
(never with the fist)
3. A player cannot run with the ball. The player must throw it from the
spot on which he catches it, allowance to be made for a man who
catches the ball when running at a good speed.
4. The ball must be held in or between the hands; the arms or body
must not be used for holding it.
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The first 13 Rules of Basketball

5. No shouldering, holding, pushing, tripping, or striking in any way the

person of an opponent shall be allowed; the first infringement of this
rule by any player shall count as a foul, the second shall disqualify him
until the next goal is made, or, if there was evident intent to injure the
person, for the whole of the game, no substitute allowed.
6. A foul is striking at the ball with the fist, violation of Rules 3, 4, and
such as described in Rule 5.
7. If either side makes three consecutive fouls, it shall count a goal for
the opponents (consecutive means without the opponents in the mean
time making a foul).5.
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The first 13 Rules of Basketball

8. A goal shall be made when the ball is thrown or batted from the
grounds into the basket and stays there, providing those defending the
goal do not touch or disturb the goal. If the ball rests on the edges, and
the opponent moves the basket, it shall count as a goal.
9. When the ball goes out of bounds, it shall be thrown into the field of
play by the person first touching it. It case of a dispute, the umpire shall
throw it straight into the field. The thrower-in is allowed five seconds; if
he holds it longer, it shall go to the opponent. If any side persists in
delaying the game, the umpire shall call a foul on that side.
224
PE

The first 13 Rules of Basketball

10. The umpire shall be judged of the men and shall note the fouls and
notify the referee when three consecutive fouls have been made. He
shall have power to disqualify men according to Rule 5.
11. The referee shall be judged of the ball and shall decide when the
ball is in play, inbounds, to which side it belongs, and shall keep the
time. He shall decide when a goal has been made, and keep account of
the goals with any other duties that are usually performed by referee.
12. The time shall be two 15-minutes halves, with five minutes’ rest
between10
13. The side making the moist baskets in that time shall declare the
winner. In case of a draw, the game may, by agreement of the captains,
be continued until another goal is made.
224
PE

Facilities and Equipment in Basketball

A. Basketball Court
 The court is the playing surface consisting of a rectangular floor, with
baskets at the end. In professional or organized basketball, especially
when played indoors, it is usually made out of a wood, often maple,
and highly polished and completed with a 10 foot rim.
 It comes in different sizes. IN the National Basketball Association
(NBA), the court is 94 by 50 feet (28.7 m x 15.2 m). Under
International Basketball Federation (FIBA) rules, the court is slightly
smaller, measuring 28 m x 15 m (91.9 ft. x 49.2 ft.). In amateur
basketball, court sizes vary widely.
224
PE

Facilities and Equipment in Basketball

Parts of the Basketball Court

/ sideline

baseline
224
PE

Facilities and Equipment in Basketball

B. Basket

 The basket – one on each end of

the floor – is made up of a
backboard and a ring that holds a
net, which is designed to check the
ball as it passes through the basket.
 The hoop, or ring, stands 10 feet off
the floor and is 18 inches in
diameter.
224
PE

Facilities and Equipment in Basketball

C. Ball
 The official size of the basketball
used by the NBA is 29.5 inches in
circumference. That is the same size
used throughout men’s college and
high school basketball leagues.
 The WNBA uses a slightly smaller
ball, measuring 28.5 inches in
circumference.
224
PE

Facilities and Equipment in Basketball

D. Backboard
 It is a raised vertical board with an
attached basket consisting of a net
suspended from a hoop.
 It is made of a flat, rigid piece or, often
Plexiglas or tempered glass which also
has the properties of safety glass when
accidentally shattered.
 The standard backboard is 72 inches
wide and is positioned 4 feet inside the
baseline.
224
PE

Facilities and Equipment in Basketball

E. Scoreboard

 A large board that displays the

score in a game or competition.
 Some uses regular boards while
others uses digital scoreboards.
224
PE

Basic Skills in Basketball

A. Dribbling

 Dribbling is an important skill for all basketball

players. This skill will allow you to move up and
down the court, maneuver past defenders and
execute plays. Proper dribbling requires ball-
handling skills and knowledge of how to spread
your fingers for ball control. It is also best if you
know how to dribble equally well with both
hands.
224
PE

Basic Skills in Basketball

Types of Dribbling
1. Low Dribble
 As its name suggests, low dribble just means that you must keep the ball
bouncing low nearest to the floor. This can effectively ensure the ball from
guards. This entails the dribblers to extend his hand so as to limit the space the
opponent can penetrate.
224
PE

Basic Skills in Basketball

Types of Dribbling

2. Speed Dribble
This is typically used when the dribbler is an
open court and has to take advantage of time
while keeping good control with the ball and
his body. Because the player isn't guarded
heavily, he isn't forced to protect the ball
excessively. This gives him a good chance to
make faster dribbling while achieving some
distance.
224
PE

Basic Skills in Basketball

Types of Dribbling

3. Change-of-Pace Dribble
 This type of dribble is characterized with the slowing down of
motion that may be conceived as stopping. This would effectively
make the opponent think that you are stopping to pass the ball.
However, once you achieve the reaction from the opponent, you
must be keen to explode with speed then drive through the
opponent.
224
PE

Basic Skills in Basketball

Types of Dribbling

4. Crossover Dribble
 This type of dribble is used to deflect the
guarding player. It is characterized by one-hand
dribbling while pushing the ball in front. After
which, the offensive player would have to
explode right through the opponent. While this
is good for achieving distance, it is also prone
for steals. To protect the ball, dribbling must be
kept low as the ball passes form one hand to
another.
224
PE

Basic Skills in Basketball

Types of Dribbling

5. Reverse Dribble
 When you are closely guarded, you can use reverse dribble to
prevent the opponent from stealing the ball. However, this offers
the main drawback of losing sight of the ball from some moments
which could further expose it towards stealing from the back.
224
PE

Basic Skills in Basketball

B. Shooting

 In order to score points in basketball, you

need to shoot the ball into the hoop. This
requires the ability to properly hold and throw
the ball into the air toward the basket while
avoiding defenders. A proper shot requires
precise aiming, arm extension and lift from
the legs. There are different types of shots
you need to learn, including jump shots,
layups and free throws.
224
PE

Basic Skills in Basketball

Types of Shooting

1. Jump Shot
 The jumper is used most frequently for
mid- to long-range shots, including three-
point attempts, although you can use it
from short range to gain separation from a
defender. Jump straight up and use the
basic shooting form. Release the ball at the
peak of your jump.
224
PE

Basic Skills in Basketball

Types of Shooting

2. Set Shot/Free Throws

 The two-handed set shot was once the
common way to shoot from the perimeter.
Today it’s typically only used by young
players who lack the strength to shoot with
one hand. A free throw, however, is
basically a type of set shot, although it’s
almost always performed with one hand.
Use the standard shooting form, but don’t
jump.
224
PE

Basic Skills in Basketball

Types of Shooting

3. Layup
 You’ll typically shoot layups from very close
range after dribbling to the basket, or taking a
pass near the hoop. Typical layup form involves
grasping the ball with two hands, raising it in
front of your face and banking it off the
backboard, which all occurs while you’re in
motion. A putback of a missed shot is also
technically a layup. If you can jump well enough
you may also raise the ball as high as possible
and flip it straight through the rim.
224
PE

Basic Skills in Basketball

Types of Shooting

4. Dunk
 The dunk, basketball’s most spectacular
shot, relies more on jumping ability than
shooting skill. If you can jump high
enough, and hands large enough to
control the ball, leap, lift the ball above
the rim and push or throw it through the
net.
224
PE

Basic Skills in Basketball

C. Passing
 Passing is another skill that when
mastered can help you become a
complete basketball player. Basketball is
a team sport that involves finding a
teammate who is open for a shot. The
ability to pass the ball to this player can
make the difference between scoring
and not scoring. Really great passers are
an important part of a basketball team
and usually the ones who set up scoring
plays.
224
PE

Basic Skills in Basketball

Types of Passing
1. Chest Pass
 A chest pass is the most basic way to move the basketball from one player to
another. If you have an open teammate and there's little or no chance that an
opponent will steal the ball, the chest pass should work well. Hold the ball with
both hands and pushing hard and outward with your thumbs. Aim for the
teammate's chest.
224
PE

Basic Skills in Basketball

Types of Passing
2. Bounce Pass
 The bounce pass often is just as accurate as
a chest pass and harder to defend. Hold the
ball at chest level and bounce it off the floor
halfway between yourself and your
teammate. The defense may be anticipating a
chest pass and often might not be ready for a
ball that bounces hard and comes in from a
low angle.
224
PE

Basic Skills in Basketball

Types of Passing
3. Baseball Pass
 The baseball pass is a type to use when you
have the ball in the back court -- often after a
steal -- and your teammate is breaking to the
basket. Take the ball and bring it overhead and
throw a hard, direct pass to your teammate.
The pass should lead your teammate and give
him a chance to catch the ball at full speed and
then accelerate toward the basket.
224
PE

Basic Skills in Basketball

Types of Passing
4. No-Look Pass
 The no-look pass is designed to confuse the
defense. A point guard leading a fast break can
use this pass with success. It has a high
degree of difficulty because the passer looks in
a different direction than the direction in which
the ball will be going. It is very easy to throw
this ball away for a turnover, but when the play
works, it usually leads to an uncontested layup
or a dunk.
224
PE

Basic Skills in Basketball

Types of Passing
 5. Overhead Pass
The overhead pass is often used as an outlet
pass. Bring the ball directly above your
forehead with both hands on the side of the
ball and follow through. Aim for the teammate's
chin. Some coaches advise not bring the ball
behind your head, because it can get stolen
and it takes a split-second longer to throw the
pass.
PE
224
Basketball: Rules and Regulations and
Officiating
At the end of this lesson, the students can discuss the rules and
regulations and officiating in basketball.
Basic Rules in Playing Basketball
• Each team can have a maximum of 5 players on the court at any
one time. Substitutions can be made as many times as they wish
within the game.
• The ball can only be moved by either dribbling (bouncing the ball)
or passing the ball. Once a player puts two hands on the ball (not
including catching the ball) they cannot then dribble or move with
the ball and the ball must be passed or shot.
• After the ball goes into a team’s half and they win possession back
the ball must then make it back over the half way line within 10
seconds. If the ball fails to do so then a foul will be called and the
ball will be turned over.
Basic Rules in Playing Basketball
• Once the offensive team gets the ball over the mid-court line, it can
no longer have possession of the ball in the area behind the midcourt
line. If it does, the defense is awarded the ball.
• Each team has 24 seconds to at least shot at the basket. A shot
constitutes either going in the basket or hitting the rim of the basket.
If after the shot is taken and the ball fails to go in the basket then the
shot clock is restarted for another 24 seconds.
• The team trying to score a basket is called the offense while the
team trying to prevent them from scoring is called the defense. The
defense must do all they can to stop the offence from scoring by
either blocking a shot or preventing a shot from being fired.
Basic Rules in Playing Basketball
• After each successful basket the ball is then turned over to the opposition.
• Fouls committed throughout the game will be accumulated and then when
reached a certain number will be eventually be awarded as a free throw. A
free throw involves one player from the offensive team (the player fouled)
to take a shot unopposed from the free throw line. Depending on where the
foul was committed will depend on the number free throws a player gets.
• Violations in basketball include travelling (taking more than one step
without bouncing the ball), double dribble (picking the ball up dribbling,
stopping then dribbling again with two hands), goaltending (a defensive
player interferes with the ball travelling downwards towards the basket)
and back court violation (once the ball passes the half way line the
offensive team cannot take the ball back over the half way line).
Basket Assignment and Tip-Off
• Each team is assigned a basket or goal to
defend.
• This means that the other basket is their scoring
basket.
• At halftime, the teams switch goals.
• The game begins with one player from either
team at center court.
• A referee will toss the ball up between the two.
The player that gets his hands on the ball will tip
it to a teammate. This is called a tip-off.
Points
• When a team makes a basket, they score two points and
the ball goes to the other team.
• If a basket, or field goal, is made outside of the three-point
arc, then that basket is worth three points. A free throw is
worth one point.
• Fouling a shooter always results in two or three free throws
being awarded the shooter, depending upon where he was
when he shot. If he was beyond the three-point line, then he
gets three shots.
• Other types of fouls do not result in free throws being
awarded until a certain number have accumulated during a
half (called “team fouls”). Once that number is reached, then
the player who was fouled is awarded a '1-and-1'
opportunity. If he makes his first free throw, he gets to
attempt a second. If he misses the first shot, the ball is live
on the rebound.
Game Clock
• Each game is divided into sections, and all levels have two halves.
• In college, each half is twenty minutes long.
• In high school and below, the halves are divided into eight (and
sometimes, six) minute quarters. In the pros (like NBA), quarters
are twelve minutes long.
• There is a gap of several minutes between halves. Gaps between
quarters are relatively short.
• If the score is tied at the end of regulation, then overtime periods
of various lengths are played until a winner emerges. High school
overtime, when needed, is 4 minutes. In college and the NBA,
overtime periods last 5 minutes.
Fouls
Personal fouls: Personal fouls include any type of
illegal physical contact.
• Hitting
• Pushing
• Slapping
• Holding
• Illegal pick/screen -- when an offensive player is
moving. When an offensive player sticks out a limb
and makes physical contact with a defender in an
attempt to block the path of the defender.
Fouls
Personal foul penalties: If a player is shooting while a being fouled, then he gets
two free throws if his shot doesn't go in, but only one free throw if his shot does go in.
• Three free throws are awarded if the player is fouled while shooting for a three-point
goal and they miss their shot. If a player is fouled while shooting a three-point shot
and makes it anyway, he is awarded one free throw. Thus, he could score four
points on the play.
• Inbounds. If fouled while not shooting, the ball is given to the team the foul was
committed upon. They get the ball at the nearest side or baseline, out of bounds,
and have 5 seconds to pass the ball onto the court.
• One & one. If the team committing the foul has seven or more fouls in the game,
then the player who was fouled is awarded one free throw. If he makes his first shot,
then he is awarded another free throw.
• Ten or more fouls. If the team committing the foul has ten or more fouls, then the
fouled player receives two free throws.
Fouls
1. Charging. An offensive foul that is committed
when a player pushes or runs over a defensive
player. The ball is given to the team that the foul
was committed upon.
2. Blocking. Blocking is illegal personal contact
resulting from a defender not establishing
position in time to prevent an opponent's drive
to the basket.
3. Flagrant foul. Violent contact with an
opponent. This includes hitting, kicking, and
punching. This type of foul results in free throws
plus the offense retaining possession of the ball
after the free throws.
Fouls
4. Intentional foul. When a player makes physical
contact with another player with no reasonable
effort to steal the ball. It is a judgment call for the
officials.
5. Technical foul. A player or a coach can commit
this type of foul. It does not involve player contact
or the ball but is instead about the 'manners' of the
game. Foul language, obscenity, obscene gestures,
and even arguing can be considered a technical
foul, as can technical details regarding filling in the
scorebook improperly or dunking during warm-ups.
Violations
1. Walking/Traveling. Taking more than 'a step and a half' without
dribbling the ball is traveling. Moving your pivot foot once you've
stopped dribbling is traveling.
2. Carrying/palming. When a player dribbles the ball with his hand
too far to the side of or, sometimes, even under the ball.
3. Double Dribble. Dribbling the ball with both hands on the ball at the
same time or picking up the dribble and then dribbling again is a
double dribble.
4. Held ball. Occasionally, two or more opposing players will gain
possession of the ball at the same time. In order to avoid a prolonged
and/or violent tussle, the referee stops the action and awards the ball
to one team or the other on a rotating basis.
Violations
5. Goaltending. If a defensive player interferes with a shot while it's on the
way down toward the basket, while it's on the way up toward the basket after
having touched the backboard, or while it's in the cylinder above the rim, it's
goaltending and the shot counts. If committed by an offensive player, it's a
violation and the ball is awarded to the opposing team for a throw-in.
6. Backcourt violation. Once the offense has brought the ball across the
mid-court line, they cannot go back across the line during possession. If they
do, the ball is awarded to the other team to pass inbounds.
7. Time restrictions. A player passing the ball inbounds has five seconds to
pass the ball. If he does not, then the ball is awarded to the other team.
Other time restrictions include the rule that a player cannot have the ball for
more than five seconds when being closely guarded and, in some states and
levels, shot-clock restrictions requiring a team to attempt a shot within a
given time frame.
Player Positions
1. Center. Centers are generally your tallest players. They generally
are positioned near the basket.
• Offensive -- The center's goal is to get open for a pass and to shoot.
They are also responsible for blocking defenders, known as picking
or screening, to open other players up for driving to the basket for a
goal. Centers are expected to get some offensive rebounds and put-
backs.
• Defensive -- On defense, the center's main responsibility is to keep
opponents from shooting by blocking shots and passes in the key
area. They also are expected to get a lot of rebounds because
they're taller.
Player Positions
2. Forward. Your next tallest players will most likely be your forwards.
While a forward may be called upon to play under the hoop, they may
also be required to operate in the wings and corner areas.
• Offensive -- Forwards are responsible to get free for a pass, take
outside shots, drive for goals, and rebound.
• Defensive -- Responsibilities include preventing drives to the goal
and rebounding.
Player Positions
3. Guard. These are potentially your shortest players and they should
be really good at dribbling fast, seeing the court, and passing. It is their
job to bring the ball down the court and set up offensive plays.
• Offensive -- Dribbling, passing, and setting up offensive plays are a
guard's main responsibilities. They also need to be able to drive to
the basket and to shoot from the perimeter.
• Defensive -- On defense, a guard is responsible for stealing passes,
contesting shots, preventing drives to the hoop, and for boxing out.
Basketball Officials
1. Lead Referee or Crew Chief (in NBA and Word
Leagues)
The crew chief is the head of the entire officiating crew.
Duties include making a final ruling when other officials
disagree and maintaining a strong line of communication
with coaches, scorers, and statisticians.
Basketball Officials
2. Referee
Officials that occupy the referee position primarily handle
the conduct violations. While referees are well – equipped to
call contact fouls and illegal positioning, they are mostly
relied upon to settle disputes and hand out technical fouls if
a players or coach loses control of their emotions and
behaves poorly.
Basketball Officials
3. Umpire
Umpires handle the clock (making sure the timer knows
when to pause and restart the game clock due to a stoppage
in play) and basic foul calls. For example, the umpire will
likely be the official to hand down a ruling when a defensive
player makes contact with an opposing shooter.
Basketball Officials
4. Scorer
Scorer play supportive role in the game of the basketball. There can
be one or two scorers in a game depending on the rules of the league
and their job is to write down the stats relevant to the game. They
keep a running summary of points scored, notify field goals and free
throws made and missed. They also record the fouls called on each
player and informs a referee if sixth fouls is called against a player (to
eject him from game). Also notes the timeouts and let the referee
knows if all timeouts have been used up by a team.
Basketball Officials
5. Timer
Timer assists referee in recording time. Generally, two timers are
appointed by the league. One is official timer who operates the game
clock and the other is shot clock operator who operates 24 second
clock. Official timer alerts referee when each half is going to start and
stops the clock when any kind of interruption occurs during a game
(fouls, out of bounds, timeouts etc.) while shot clock timer informs
referee when a player takes 24 or more seconds to shoot a ball
(keeping the ball in possession for 24 seconds or more is a violation).
Basketball Officials
6. Replay Review (in NBA and World Leagues)
Another type of official that is rarely seen on – screen is the replay
center official. When a close plays occur and the court officials
cannot confidently make a ruling in real – time, they often turn to the
replay official. The replay official is not generally on site and has
access to several television screens that show the play in slow –
motion from a number of different angles. Replays are usually
needed when the ball goes out of bounds and officials are unsure of
which team touched it last (determines which team gets possession
of the ball).
General Responsibilities of Basketball Officials

Pre – Game
Basketball officials must perform a number of inspections
prior to the start of each game, primarily related to
equipment. A few examples include making sure that the
balls are properly inflated, confirming that each team’s jersey
meet league regulations, checking roster cards for inactive
players, and examining the court for any wet spots or other
potential slip hazards.
General Responsibilities of Basketball Officials

In – Game
During the game, officials are tasked with calling
fouls and violations, keeping track of the game clock
and handling disputes from coaches/players. Officials
need to remain focused and properly positioned
throughout the game, as even the smallest mental
lapse can represent the difference between making
the right and wrong call.