The Qualitative

Research
Can you describe a
qualitative research?
Can you give an
important fact we have
to remember about it?
Qualitative Research - does not
deal with any number. It does
not use survey, questionnaire,
answering yes or no, true or
false, or set of options.
A qualitative research choose
to use:
explanations, experiences,
stories, and observations.

Why do you think so?

A qualitative research describe
the topic and come up with
new insight, because not
everything can be
quantified.
Experiences, emotions, and
perceptions cannot be
captured using numbers.
Only through words or
descriptions can explain how
important these are.
A qualitative research aims to
completely define, explain,
and understand the human
mind, behavior, and its
characteristics.
The ultimate purpose of a
qualitative research is to
develop a deep and holistic
understanding of
phenomenon.
We use interview questions –
open-ended (why & how)
Such as: recording, online,
face-to-face, pen and paper,
telephone calls, or video
calls.
Major Characteristics
of Qualitative
Research
1. Naturalistic inquiry – studying
real-world situations as they unfold
naturally; non-manipulative,
unobtrusive, and non-controlling;
openness to whatever emerges- lack
of predetermined outcomes.
2. Inductive analysis – immersion in the
details and specifics of the data to
discover important categories,
dimensions, and interrelationships; begin
by exploring genuinely open questions
rather than testing theoretically derived
(deductive) hypotheses.
3. Holistic perspectives – the whole
phenomenon under study is understood as
a complex system that is more than the
sum of its parts; focus is on complex
interdependencies not meaningfully
reduced to a few discrete variables and
linear, cause-effect relationships.
4. Qualitative data – detailed,
thick description; inquiry in
depth; direct quotations
capturing people’s personal
perspectives and experiences.
5. Personal contact and insight – the
researcher has direct contact with and
gets close to the people, situation, and
phenomenon under study; researcher’s
personal experiences and insights are
important part of the inquiry and critical
to understanding the phenomenon.
6. Dynamic systems – attention
to process; assumes change is
constant and ongoing whether
the focus is on an individual or
an entire culture.
7. Unique case orientation – assumes each
case is special and unique; the first level
of inquiry is being true to respecting, and
capturing the details of the individual
cases being studied; cross-case analysis
follows from and depends on the quality
of individual case study.
8. Context sensitivity – places
findings in a social, historical, and
temporal context; dubious of the
possibility or meaningfulness of
generalization across time and
space.
9. Emphatic neutrality – complete
objectivity is impossible; pure
subjectivity undermines credibility; the
researcher’s passion in understanding the
world in all its complexity – not proving
something, not advocating, not advancing
personal agenda,
but understanding; the researcher
includes personal experience and
emphatic insight as part of the
relevant data, while taking a
neutral non-judgmental stance
toward whatever content may
emerge.
10. Design flexibility – open to
adapting inquiry as understanding
deepens or situations change; avoid
getting locked into rigid designs that
eliminate responsiveness; pursues
new paths of discovery as they
emerge.
 Time of Output Generation!

Directions: Answer each question

in 1-2 paragraph/s.
Copy and answer.
1. What role does reflexivity play in qualitative
research, and how does it influence the
researcher's interpretation of data?
2. Can you discuss the concept of "thick
description" in qualitative research and its
significance in understanding social
phenomena?
3. How do researchers ensure the
trustworthiness and credibility of
their qualitative findings, particularly
in the absence of statistical measures?
4. In what ways do sampling
techniques differ in qualitative
research compared to quantitative
research, and how does this impact
the study's outcomes?
5. How do researchers manage and
analyze qualitative data effectively,
considering the diverse range of
methods available (e.g., thematic
analysis, grounded theory, narrative
analysis)?
Strengths of
Qualitative
Research
1. Issues can be examined in detail
and in depth.
2. Interviews are not restricted to
specific questions and can be
guided/redirected by the researcher in
real time.
3. The research framework and
direction can be quickly revised as
new information emerges.
4. The obtained data based on human
experience is powerful and
sometimes more compelling than
quantitative data.
5. Subtleties and complexities
about the research subjects or
topic are discovered that are
often missed by more
positivistic inquiries.
6. Data usually are collected from a
few cases or individuals so findings
cannot be generalized to a larger
population. Findings can however
be transferable to another setting.
Limitations of
Qualitative
Research
1. Research quality is heavily
dependent on the individual
skills of the researcher and more
easily influenced by the
researcher’s personal biases and
idiosyncrasies.
2. Rigor is more difficult to
maintain, assess, and
demonstrate.
3. The volume of data makes
analysis and interpretation time
consuming.
4. It is sometimes not as well
understood and accepted as
quantitative research within
the scientific community.
5. The researcher’s presence
during data gathering, which is
often unavoidable in qualitative
research, can affect the subject’s
responses.
6. Issues anonymity and
confidentiality can
bring/result to problems when
presenting findings.
7. Findings can be more
difficult and time consuming
to characterize in a visual
way.
The Types of
Qualitative
Research
1. Case Study – seeks to find
answers as to why a certain
thing occurs to the subject.
Example:
The Lone Grade VI Speed
Reader
2. Ethnography – involves the
study of a group of people to
understand its organizational
set-up, internal operation, and
life style.
Example:

The Mangyan’s Burial

Practices
3. Phenomenology – study
how people find their
experiences meaningful.
Example:
Travails of Senior Citizens at
LRT/MRT Stations
4. Content/Discourse
Analysis – focuses on the
substance on the mode of
communication.
Example:

A Discourse Analysis on the Impact

of Modern Technologies on
Communication
5. Historical Analysis –
examines primary documents
to find connection of past
events to the present/future
time.
Example:

The Impact of Edsa Revolution

6. Ground Theory – reveals a
discovery of a new theory at
the time of data collection and
analysis.
Example:

A Ground Theory: Caring of

People Affected by COVID 19
7. Narrative Report –
presents events which
happened in the past through a
logical progression.
Example:

Vocabulary Building of Students

through Peer-Tutorial Program
8. Biography – studies an
individual’s life, struggles,
and their relation to societal
themes.
Example:

Biography of Gloria M. Arroyo,

The First Woman President of
the Philippines
9. Action Research –
seeks transformative
changes to solve existing
problems.
Example:

The Impact of Open

Educational Resources to
Struggling Readers in English