Umberto Eco

Ime ruže
Kolegij: Suvremena svjetska književnost
prof. dr. sc. Tina Varga Oswald

Josip Aladrović i Rebeka Milas

 Sadržaj

1. Umberto Eco
2. O romanu Ime ruže
3. O filmu Ime ruže
4. Intertekstualnost
5. Simbolika
6. itd
7.
 1. Umberto Eco
• talijanski romanopisac, esejist, filozof i jezikoslovac

• -Ime ruže (1980.), Foucaultovo njihalo (1988.), Otok

prethodnog dana (1994.), Baudolino (2000.)

• proučavao srednji vijek te tako uspio dočarati klimu

koja je vladala u 19. stoljeću

• opisuje sukobe između pape i cara, duhovnih pokreta,

o idealu siromaštva i treba li mu crkva težiti
1. Umberto Eco

„u stanovitom sam trenutku sam sebi kazao kako je, budući da je srednji
vijek moj svakodnevni imaginarni svijet, najbolje napisati roman koji bi
se odvijao izravno u srednjem vijeku. Kao što sam rekao u nekom
intervjuu, sadašnjost znam jedino preko televizijskog ekrana, dok srednji
vijek poznajem neposredno.” (Čale Knežević, 1993: 68)
 2. Roman Ime ruže

• romaneskni prvijenac u svjetskoj književnosti

• zagonetka ubojstva smještenog u
benediktinskoj opatiji godine 1327.
• filozofsko-kriminalistički roman s
uokvirenom fabulom i prstenastom strukturom
• detektivske i filozofske karakteristike romana:
1. misteriozna ubojstva i istraga
2. filozofska promišljanja, dualizam duha i tijela,
traganje za istinom
 2. Roman Ime ruže
• kulturnopovijesna građa romana – od izravnih
latinskih citata do citata filozofa, spominjanja likovne
umjetnosti i književnosti
• radnja se odvija u sedam dana
• glavni likovi Vilim iz Baskervillea i njegov učenik i
pomoćnik Adson kroz čiju priču saznajemo o
događajima u romanu
2. Roman Ime ruže

„Dok sam tako dan za danom upoznavao svojeg učitelja, provodeći duge sate
hoda u podugačkim razgovorima o kojima ću, dopuste li okolnosti, malo-
pomalo ispričati, prispjesmo do obronaka brda na kojem se uzdizala opatija.
Čas je da joj se moje pripovijedanje primakne, kao što smo se tada mi, i da
mi barem ruka ne dršće sad kad se spremam reći što se poslije dogodilo.”
(18)
 3. Film Ime ruže

• talijansko-francusko-njemački film iz 1986. godine

• Sean Connery (William od Baskervillea) i Christian Slater

(Adso iz Melka)

• redatelj Jean-Jacques Annaud

• „film nema nekakve dodirne točke s njegovom (Ecovom)

knjigom”
 4. Intertekstualnost u Imenu ruže

• odriče se autorstva romana i svoja prava kao autora

• Eco koristi čitave odlomke drugih tekstova, ali
izjednačuje s pravima koja stječe čitatelj
ostavlja dojam autentičnosti svoga teksta (Islan,
• junaci romana rijetko kad imaju vlastite misli, odnosno
2012: 10)
razgovore vode kroz nečije tuđe citate ili mudre misli
• „Ambicija mi je da u mojoj knjizi ne bude ničega
• Vilim predstavlja sintezu Williama Occama i Rogera
što je moje, nego samo već napisanih tekstova.”
Bacona uz neke dodatne mislioce
(Čale Knežević,1991:51).
 4. Intertekstualnost u Imenu ruže

• fra Vilim u istrazi primjenjuje metodu indukcije kojom se koristio Vilim Occam,a koristio je i ockhamovu
gnoseologiju čiji temelj predstavlja intuitivno znanje teme

• „On mi, međutim, smiješeći se reče da su franjevci s njegovih otoka drugačijega kova: »Roger Bacon, kojega
štujemo kao učitelja, učio nas je da će jednoga dana božanski naum sloviti kao znanost o strojevima, koja je
prirodno i sveto čudotvorstvo.” (17)

• „Nije to bila jedina protuslovna postavka koju ga čuh izlagati, ali ni sada, kad sam star i pametniji nego tada, ne
razumijem posvema kako je mogao imati toliko povjerenja u svojega prijatelja iz Occama i istovremeno se
zaklinjati Baconovim riječima, kao što je običavao.” (17)
 4. Intertekstualnost u Imenu ruže

• ''najintertekstualniji roman''

• poetika intertekstualnosti razrađena je u sklopu opreke postmodernoga prema modernome:

• Umberto Eco nesumnjivo mnogo duguje Thomasu Mannu - naglašava da mu je Zeitblom iz Doktora
Faustusa poslužio kao uzor za Adsona, kao pripovjedača koji u starosti govori o događajima iz mladosti

• ključ za interpretaciju romana ipak je Mannov roman Čarobni brijeg: mjesto u oba romana jest zdanje u
planini (sanatorij-samostan) – mjesta predstavljaju ogledala Europe svoga vremena
• franjevac Vilim navodi Wittgensteinov Traktat prevedenog na
staronjemački izgovara franjevac Vilim pripisujući ga nekom
njemačkom mistiku

• nakon Adsonovoga strastvenog odnosa s djevojkom iz sela gdje govori

„Vrisnuh i padoh k'o što mrtvo tijelo pada“  sličnost sa stihovima
petoga pjevanja Danteovoga Pakla „i padoh k'o što mrtvo tijelo pada“

• usporedba s Canettievim romanom Auto da fé ili s Henriotovim La rose

de Bratislave, s Doyleovim The Hound of Baskerville
5. Simbolika u Imenu ruže
• Adson po povratku pred zidinama izgorjele opatije okuplja komadiće različitih knjiga
 Umberto Eco sastavlja ovaj roman okupljajući različite citate iz drugih knjiga,
prenoseći pritom priču i povijest

1. Fra Vilim

• Vilim kao moderni čovjek suprotstavljen Adsonu kao predstavniku predmodernog

• Vilim se razlikuje od drugih redovnika po svojim stavovima i znanju, on više ne vjeruje

u valjanost nekih od vladajućih misli toga vremena

 simbol je tolerantnog i modernog čovjeka, u njemu ne postoje neutemeljene osude ili

sumnje

• „Vilim tako završava u postmodernoj svijesti o svemiru bez središta i svijetu bez
apsolutnoga poretka“ (Raspudić 2006: 186)
 5. Simbolika u Imenu ruže

2. učenik Adson

• Adson se vodi dedukcijom, svijet shvaća po vrijednostima koje je usvojio tradicijom

• Adson je predmoderni čovjek za kojega je Crkva izvorište izvornih značenja i vječne istine

3. Jorge od Burgosa

• Jorge od Burgosa karakteriziran je kao starac s čvrstim uvjerenjima zbog kojih je spreman čak i na ubojstvo

• predstavlja fanatizam i netrepljivost prema ideologijama, istinu shvaća kao nepromjenjivu strukturu
„»Zašto je onda«, reče, »pustio da se ovaj tekst kroz stoljeća zametne i da se spasi samo jedan njezin primjerak,
da prijepis tog primjerka, koji je završio tko zna gdje, ostane godinama zagubljen, u rukama nevjernika koji
nije znao grčki, a onda napušten leži u staroj knjižnici kamo je mene, a ne tebe, mene pozvala Providnost da
je nađem i ponesem sa sobom, i da je još dosta godina skrivam? Ja znam, znam kao da to vidim napisano
dijamantnim slovima, svojim očima koje vide što ti ne vidiš, ja znam da je to bila volja Gospodinova, i ja
sam postupao tumačeći je. U ime Oca, Sina i Duha Svetoga.«” (512)
 5. Simbolika u Imenu ruže

• dva različita tumačenja Aristotelove Poetike: kao prijetnja postojećemu redu, ali i kao sumnja u apsolutnu istinu i kao
knjiga koja sadrži ideju o smijehu kao preokret ustaljenih autoriteta

• simbolika požara u knjižnici: moguća apokalipsa koja nastaje kada netko želi posjedovati istinu i nametnuti je drugima

• kraj koji daje osjećaj ništavnosti i prolaznosti

• simbolika brojeva u opisivanju opatije: „A nema nikoga tko ne bi vidio divni sklad tolikih svetih brojeva, među kojima
svaki upućuje na tanan dunovru smisao. Osam je broj savršenosti svakog četverokuta, četiri broj evanđelja, pet broj
dijelova svijeta, sedam broj darova Duha Svetoga.” (21)
 Literatura
1. Čale Knežević, M, 1991, Intertekstualno vrijeme u romanu Ime ruže Umberta Eca;
Književna smotra: časopis za svjetsku književnost 23, str. 47-57.

2. Eco, U, 1989, Ime ruže, Grafički zavod Hrvatske, Zagreb

3. Raspudić, N. (2006). Slaba misao – jaki pisci. Postmoderna i talijanska književnost.

Zagreb: Naklada Jurčić

4. Poje, A. (2021). Polisemija perspektiva u romanu Ime ruže Umberta Eca (Diplomski rad).
Rijeka: Sveučilište u Rijeci, Filozofski fakultet. Preuzeto s
https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:186:182913

5. Lucić, J. (2012). Razine značenja u romanu Ime ruže (Diplomski rad). Osijek: Sveučilište
Josipa Jurja Strossmayera u Osijeku, Filozofski fakultet. Preuzeto s
https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:142:228643
Results analysis

To modify this graph, click on it, follow the link,

change the data and paste the new graph here
Investigation results
Venus Mars
Venus is the second planet Despite being red, Mars is a
from the Sun very cold place
40% 70%

Mercury Neptune
Mercury is the smallest Neptune is the farthest planet
planet of them all from the Sun
10% 30%

Jupiter Saturn
Jupiter is the biggest planet Saturn is a gas giant and has
in the Solar System several rings
50% 60%
Research results
380 290
Jupiter Mercury
Jupiter is the biggest Mercury is the
planet in the entire smallest planet of
Solar System them all

100 140
Mars Venus
Follow the link in the graph to modify its data Despite being red, Venus is the second
and then paste the new one here. Mars is actually a cold planet from the Sun.
For more info, click here place It’s hot there
 Results analysis

Mercury Jupiter Venus

Mercury is the smallest Is the biggest planet in the Venus is the second planet
planet of them all Solar System from the Sun

20% 50% 75%

Despite being red, Mars is Neptune is the farthest Saturn is a gas giant and
actually a cold place planet from the Sun has several rings
Conclusions
You can enter a subtitle here
04
if you need it
 Conclusions

Conclusion A Conclusion C
You can talk about the You can talk about the
conclusions here conclusions here

Conclusion B Conclusion D
You can talk about the You can talk about the
conclusions here conclusions here
Public conclusions
Jupiter 40%
Jupiter is the biggest planet of them all

Mars 60%
Despite being red, Mars is actually a cold place

Venus 20%
Venus is the second planet from the Sun

Mercury 75%
Mercury is the smallest planet of them all
 Conclusions

1 Mercury

Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun and the

smallest one in the Solar System—it’s only a bit

2
larger than the Moon
Venus

Venus has a beautiful name and is the second

planet from the Sun. It’s terribly hot—even hotter
than Mercury—and its atmosphere is extremely
poisonous
 Conclusion in numbers

200K 175K
Venus is the second planet from Saturn is a gas giant and has Result analysis
the Sun. It's hot there several rings

Earth is the third

planet from the Sun
40K 135K and the only one that
harbors life in the
Solar System
Jupiter is the biggest planet in Mercury is the smallest planet
the Solar System of them all
Numbers speak for themselves

333,000
Earths is the Sun’s mass

24h 37m 23s

is Jupiter’s rotation period
05
Bibliography
You can enter a subtitle here
if you need it
 Bibliographic references
● AUTHOR (YEAR): Title of the publication. Publisher

● AUTHOR (YEAR): Title of the publication. Publisher

● AUTHOR (YEAR): Title of the publication. Publisher

● AUTHOR (YEAR): Title of the publication. Publisher

● AUTHOR (YEAR): Title of the publication. Publisher

● AUTHOR (YEAR): Title of the publication. Publisher

 Bibliographic references

Author Tittle
Notes
Venus has as a beautiful Neptune Neptune is the farthest planet from the Sun
name and is the second
planet from the Sun. It’s Mercury Mercury is the smallest planet of them all
terribly hot and its
atmosphere is extremely Mars Despite being red, Mars is actually a cold place
poisonous. It’s the second-
brightest natural object in
the night sky after the Saturn Saturn is a gas giant and has several rings
Moon
The Sun The Sun is the star at the center of our System
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