Introduction To Data Conversion and Computer Number System

Introduction ‘to Data’ {
}
PRESENTED BY :
{ VALDEZ, Niño Carlo C. }
{ BALLESTEROS, Daniel C. }
{ NATIVIDAD, K-zer Vin J. }
{ DELA CRUZ, Al Simmon L. }
BSMT1A17.ccs Week-8.html
1
2
Learning Outcomes’ {
[At the end of the lesson the students are able to:]
3
4 01 Describe
5 the Number System that are understood by computer and by the user: (Binary,
6 Decimal, Hexadecimal and Octal.)
7
8 02 Demonstrate
9 how do computers store data and what are the common file
type and their sizes.
10
11
12
03 Convert
given number from decimal to binary and
13 binary to decimal
14 }
Week 8 - Introduction to Data Conversion and Computer Number System
1
2
What is this ‘Topic About ?’ {
[This topic tackles about-]
3
4 - How Computer Store Files
5
6 - Data Conversion
7
8 - Binary and Decimal Number
9
10 - Number System Conversion
11
12 - Number System Operation
13
14 }
Week-8.html BSMT1A17.ccs
1 Introduction; {
[to Data Conversion and Computer Number System]
2
<p “Whenever we type some alphabetical
3
4
characters, numerical characters or words on
5 our keyboard, the computer translates it into a
6 series of numbers as computers can
7 understand only numbers. A computer can
8 only understand a series of numbers where
9 there are only a few symbols called digits and
10 this symbol represents the values depending on
11 the position they occupy in the number”. >
12
</p>
13
14 }
1
2
3 01 {
4
5
6
[Different Number Systems;]
7 < Number systems are the technique of representing numbers in the
8 computer system
9 architecture, any value you save or get into / from computer memory
10 has a system of
specified numbers. >
11
}
12
13
14

1
2 The value of each digit can be determined using –
{
• The digit
3
• The position of the digit in the number
4 • The base of the number system(where the base is defined
5 as the total number of digits available in the number
6 system)
7
8
9
10 The technique to represent and work with numbers is called the Number
System. Decimal number system is the most common number system.
11 Other popular number systems include binary number system, octal
12 number system, hexadecimal number system.
13
14 }
1
2
The Decimal Number’ System; {
3
4
5 < This is the number system that we are using in our
6 day-to-day life. Decimal Number system has base
7 10 as it uses 10 digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9. Just
8 like our common 0 to 9 numbers used in our basic
9 mathematics. >
10
11
12
13
14 }
1
2
The Decimal Number’ System; {
Each position represents a specific power of base (10).
3
For example, the decimal number 1234 consists of digit 4 in the ones position, 3 in the tens position, 2 in the
4 hundreds position and 1 in the thousands position. Its value can be written as
5 1. (1 x 1000) + (2 x 100) + (3 x 10) + (4 x 1)
6 2. (1 x 103)+ (2 x 102)+ (3 x 101)+ (4 x 100)
7 3. 1000 + 200 + 30 + 4
8
4. 1234
9
10
11
Each numbers are represented as:
105 104 103 102 101 100
12
< In digital systems, instructions are given through electric signals; variation is done by varying the voltage of the
13 signal. Having 10 different voltages to implement a decimal number system in digital equipment is difficult. So, many number
14 } systems that are easier to implement digitally have been developed. >

1
2
The Binary Number’ System; {
3
4
5 < The easiest way to vary instructions
6 through electric signals is a two-state system – on
7
and off. On is represented as 1 and off as 0, though 0
is not actually no signal but signal at a lower voltage.
8
The number system having just these two digits – 0
9
and 1 – is called a binary number system. >
10
11
12
13
14 }
1
2
The Binary Number’ System; {
Each binary digit is also called a bit. Binary number system is also a positional
3 value system, where each digit has a value expressed in powers of 2, as displayed
4 here:
5 25 24 23 22 21 20
6 In any binary number, the rightmost digit is called least significant bit (LSB) and leftmost digit is
7 called most significant bit (MSB).
8
1 1 0 1 0 ● 1 byte (B) = 8 bits
9 ● 1 Kilobytes (KB) = 1024 bytes
10
MS LSB ● 1 Megabyte (MB) = 1024 KB
11 B ● 1 Gigabyte(GB) = 1024 MB
12 Computer memory is measured in terms of how many bits it can store. Here is a
chart for memory capacity conversion. ● 1 Terabyte (TB) = 1024 GB
13 ● 1 Exabyte (EB) = 1024 PB
14 } ● 1 Zettabyte = 1024 EB
● 1 Yottabyte (YB) = 1024 ZB

1
2
The Octal Number’ System; {
3
4 < Octal number system has eight digits – 0,
5 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7. Octal number system is also a
6 positional value system with where each digit has its
value expressed in powers of 8, as shown here −
7
8
>
9
10
11 85 84 83 82 81 80
12
13
14 }
1
2
The Hexadecimal Number’ System; {
3 The Hexadecimal number system has 16 symbols –
4 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 and A,B,C,D, E,F where
5 A=10,B=11, C=12, D=13, E=14,F=15. Hexadecimal
6 number system is also a positional value system with
7 where each digit has its value expressed in powers of
8 16, as shown here −
9
>
10
11 165 164 163 162 161 160
12
13
14 }
1
2
3 02 {
4
5
6 [Number System’Relationship;]
7
8 < The following table shows the conversion between the 4 number
9 systems
10 that we have tackled.>
11
}
12
13
14

HEXADECIMAL DECIMAL OCTAL BINARY

1 0 0 0 0000
2 1 1 1 0001
3 2 2 2 0010
4 3 3 3 0011
4 4 4 0100
5
5 5 5 0101
6
6 6 6 0110
7 7 7 7 0111
8 8 8 10 1000
9 9 9 11 1001
A 10 12 1010
10
B 11 13 1011
11
C 12 14 1100
12 D 13 15 1101
13 E 14 16 1110
14 } F 15 17 1111

03 {
1
2
3
4 [ASCII (American Standard Code for Information
5 Interchange);]
6
7 Besides numerical data, computers must be able to handle alphabets, punctuation marks,
mathematical operators, special symbols, etc. that form the complete character set of English
8 language. The complete set of characters or symbols are called alphanumeric codes. The
complete alphanumeric code typically includes −
9
● 26 upper case letters
10 ● 26 lower case letters
● 10 digits
11 ● 7 punctuation marks
● 20 to 40 special characters
}
12
13
14

1
2
ASCII Code – Character to Binary;{
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14 }
1
2
3 04 {
4
5
6
[Converting Number’ System;]
7
8
< Number System Conversion
9
10 1. Decimal to Binary and Binary to Decimal
11 2. Decimal to Octal and Octal to Decimal
3. Decimal to Hexadecimal and Hexadecimal to Decimal
}
12
4. Binary to Octal and Octal to Binary
13
5. Binary to Hexadecimal and Hexadecimal to Binary >
14

1 Decimal Number’ System; to Binary Number’

2
3
System; {
Decimal numbers can be converted to binary by repeated division of the number by 2 while recording the remainder. Let’s
4 take an example to see how this happens.
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
The remainders are to be read from bottom to top to obtain the binary equivalent.
13
14 } 4310 = 1010112

1
Binary Number’ System; to Decimal Number’
2 System; {
3 In converting Binary Number System to Decimal Number System, you need to follow the following instructions.
4
1. Expand your binary number and multiply by 2x where x represents the place of your binary number - 1.
5
2. Then do the multiplication.
6 Calculating Decimal Equivalent −
3. Add the products.
7
8 Example: Binary Number: 101012
9
10
11
12
13
14 } Binary Number: 101012 = Decimal Number: 2110

1 Decimal Number’ System; to Octal Number’

2
3
System; {
Decimal numbers can be converted to octal by repeated division of the number by 8 while recording the remainder. Let’s
4 take an example to see how this happens.
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14 } Reading the remainders from bottom to top,
47310 = 7318
1 Octal Number’ System; to Decimal Number’

2
3
System; {
For converting Octal to Decimal, you need the same process as you convert Binary to Decimal but instead of multiplying by 2, you will multiply
it by 8 raised to the places value.
4 Follow this instructions to convert.
5 1. Expand your binary number and multiply by 8x where x represents the place of your binary number - 1.
6 2. Then do the multiplication.
3. Add the products. Calculating Decimal Equivalent –
7
Example: Octal Number: 125708
8
9
10
11
12
13
14 } Octal Number: 125708 = Decimal Number: 549610

1 Decimal Number’ System; to Hexadecimal

2
3
Number’ System; {
Decimal numbers can be converted to hexadecimal by repeated division of the number by 16 while recording the
4 remainder. Let’s take an example to see how this happens.
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Reading the remainders from bottom to top we get, 42310 = 1A716
14 }
1 Hexadecimal Number’ System; to Decimal

2
3
Number’ System; {
Instruction:
4 1. Expand your binary number and multiply by 16x where x represents the place of your binary number - 1.
2. Then do the multiplication.
5 3. Add the products. Calculating Decimal Equivalent –
6 Example Hexadecimal Number: 19FDE16
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14 } Hexadecimal Number: 19FDE16 = Decimal Number: 10646210

1 Binary Number’ System; to Octal

2
3
Number’ System; {
To convert a binary number to octal number, these steps are followed −
● Starting from the least significant bit, make groups of three bits.
4 ● If there are one or two bits less in making the groups, 0s can be added after
5 the most significant bit.
● Convert each group into its equivalent octal number.
6
7
8 Let’s take an example to understand this.
9
10
11
12
13
14 } 10110010102 = 26258
1 Octal Number’ System; to Binary

2
3
Number’ System; {
To convert an octal number to binary, each octal digit is converted to its 3-bit binary
4 equivalent according to this table.
5
6
7
8
9 Example: 7638
10
11
12
13
14 } 7638 = 1111100112

1 Binary Number’ System; to

2
3
Hexadecimal Number’ System; {
To convert a binary number to hexadecimal number, these steps are followed −
4
● Starting from the least significant bit, make groups of four bits.
5 ● If there are one or two bits less in making the groups, 0s can be added
6 after the most significant bit.
7
8 Convert each group into its equivalent octal number.
9
10 Let’s take an example to understand this.
11
12
13
14 } 101101101012 = DB516
1 Hexadecimal Number’ System; to

2
3
Binary Number’ System; {
To convert a hexadecimal number to binary, each hexadecimal digit is converted to
its 4-bit binary equivalent.
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 Example: A23FE16
11
12
13
14 } A23FE16= 101000100011111111102
1
2
3 05 {
4
5
6
[Binary Arithmetic;]
7
8
9
10 < Binary arithmetic is an important part of all digital
computers and many other digital systems. Just like the device we are
11
using in our daily life; phones, laptops, and other digital devices, are
}
12 dealing with binary arithmetic functions. >
13
14

1 Binary’ Addition; {
2
3
4
5
6 In the fourth case, a binary addition is creating a sum of ( 1 + 1 = 10 ) i.e., 0 is
written in the given column and a carry of 1 over to the next column.
7
Example: Addition
8
Given: 0011010 + 001100 = 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 .
9
10 1 1
11 + 0 0 1 1 0 1 0
12 + 0 0 0 1 1 0 0
13 -----------------------
14 } 0 1 0 0 1 1 0

1 Binary’ Subtraction; {
2
3
4
5
6 Subtract and Borrow, these two words will be used very frequently for the binary
7 subtraction.
8 Example: Subtraction
9 Given: 0011010 - 001100 = 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 .

10 1 1
11 0 0 1 1 0 1 0
12 - 0 0 0 1 1 0 0
13
}
-------------------------
14
0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0

1 Binary’ Multiplication; {
2
3
4
5
Binary multiplication is similar to decimal multiplication. It is simpler than decimal multiplication
6 because only 0s and 1s are involved. There are four rules of binary multiplication.
Example: Multiplication
7 Given: 0011010 x 001100 = 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 .
8 0 0 1 1 0 1 0
9 X 0 0 0 1 1 0 0
10 -----------------------
11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
13 0 0 1 1 0 1 0
14 } 0 0 1 1 0 1 0
--------------------------
0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0
1 Binary’ Division; {
2
3
4
5
6 Binary division is similar to decimal division.
7 It is called the long division procedure
8
Example: Division
9
Given: 01111100 / 0010 = 1 1 1 1 1 0 .
10
11
12
13
14 }
1
2
3 06 {
4
5
6 [Supplementary Materials;]
7
8 < [1] Number Systems Introduction: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FFDMzbrEXaE
9 < [2] ASCII Code and Binary: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H4l42nbYmrU
< [3] Number System Relationship: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rxrQKFejnQc
10 < [4] Number System Conversion:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BOorQZYz5Ho&list=PLIY8eNdw5tW-7O05I-ozbIrSUCjyD99Lw
11
}
12
13
14

1
2
3 07 {
4
5
6 [References;]
7
8 <
9 [1] Tutorialspoint.com. 2020. Rxjs, Ggplot2, Python Data Persistence, Caffe2, Pybrain, Python Data Access, H2O, Colab,
Theano, Flutter, Knime, Mean.Js, Weka, Solidity.
10 [2] Cpsr.org. 2020. CPSR - Computer Professionals For Social Responsibility.
>
11
}
12
13
14

1
2 Thank you for your cooperation! ;
3
4
{
5
6
‘if you have any further questions, feel
7
8
free to ask them on our social medias’
9 Daniel Ballesteros: https://www.messenger.com/t/100008947352060
10 CarloCREDITS:
Valdez: This presentation
https://www.messenger.com/t/100008947352060
template was created by Slidesgo,
11 K-zerincluding
Vin Natividad: https://www.messenger.com/t/100021961280962
icons by Flaticon, and infographics & images by Freepik
12 Al Simmon Dela Cruz: https://www.messenger.com/t/100006882307547
13
14 }
1
2
End of
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{ Slide;
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}

Introduction To Data Conversion and Computer Number System

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Introduction ‘to Data’ {

Week 8 - Introduction to Data Conversion and Computer Number System

Week 8 - Introduction to Data Conversion and Computer Number System

● 1 Yottabyte (YB) = 1024 ZB

Week 8 - Introduction to Data Conversion and Computer Number System

Week 8 - Introduction to Data Conversion and Computer Number System

HEXADECIMAL DECIMAL OCTAL BINARY

Week 8 - Introduction to Data Conversion and Computer Number System

Week 8 - Introduction to Data Conversion and Computer Number System

Week 8 - Introduction to Data Conversion and Computer Number System

1 Decimal Number’ System; to Binary Number’

Week 8 - Introduction to Data Conversion and Computer Number System

Week 8 - Introduction to Data Conversion and Computer Number System

1 Decimal Number’ System; to Octal Number’

1 Octal Number’ System; to Decimal Number’

Week 8 - Introduction to Data Conversion and Computer Number System

1 Decimal Number’ System; to Hexadecimal

1 Hexadecimal Number’ System; to Decimal

Week 8 - Introduction to Data Conversion and Computer Number System

1 Binary Number’ System; to Octal

1 Octal Number’ System; to Binary

Week 8 - Introduction to Data Conversion and Computer Number System

1 Binary Number’ System; to

1 Hexadecimal Number’ System; to

Week 8 - Introduction to Data Conversion and Computer Number System

Week 8 - Introduction to Data Conversion and Computer Number System

9 Given: 0011010 - 001100 = 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 .

Week 8 - Introduction to Data Conversion and Computer Number System

Week 8 - Introduction to Data Conversion and Computer Number System

Week 8 - Introduction to Data Conversion and Computer Number System

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