Ratios, Rates

and Proportions
Instructor: Mahnoor Masood
 Ratios

A relationship (multiplicative) between two quantities.

1. Algebra: study of change, graphs

2. Fractions: Equivalent fractions
3. Percentage: part-whole ratio
4. Geometry: similar shapes
 Equivalent Fractions

What do you notice here?

 Ratios

For example, for every 1 boy in class, there are 3 girls.

How will you express this as a ratio?

 Additive vs Multiplicative
Which group has
more boys?

Group A Group B
 Ratios (More examples)

For example, a recipe may tell you that for every

2 cups of flour you need 1 cup of sugar.

How many cups of sugar will you need for 8 cups

of flour?
 Rates

A ratio that involves a period of time or

Compares two different quantities having different units.

40 miles/hour 12 dollars/hour

10 meters/second 3 meals/day

280 Rupees/litre 4.5 dollars/kg

What is a unit rate?
 Ratios

Sarah can read 1 book in 2 days.

What if she reads books at the same rate for 10 days, how many books will she read?

Equivalent ratios
 This becomes a proportion.

A proportion is just two

ratios that are
equivalent (or equal).
• Same units
• Same value
 Is this a proportion?

Not a proportion
• Same units
• Same value
 Is this a proportion?

Not a proportion
• Same units
• Same value
 Are these quantities proportional?
1. Determine whether the quantities in the following are proportional: $40 for 4 bracelets and $36
for 3 bracelets.

• Not proportional
• Proportional

• Same units
• Same value
 Are these quantities proportional?
2. Determine whether the quantities in the following are proportional: $20 for 5 bracelets and $60
for 15 bracelets.

• Not proportional
• Proportional

• Same units
• Same value
A B

In which group is the ratio of

C buses to students the same? Find

the equivalent ratios.
 Proportions

Used to figure out something you don’t know from something that you do know. Used to
find unknown values.

A student who is a good reader wants to read 23

books. He can read 1 book in 2 days.
How many days will it take him to finish?
 Are you a proportional thinker?

Can you use proportional reasoning?