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Mathematics 3
What is Fraction?
• Fractions represent equal parts of a whole or
a collection. 
• Fraction of a whole: When we divide a whole
into equal parts, each part is a fraction of the
whole. 
For example,
Fraction of a collection: Fractions also represent
parts of a set or collection. 
For example, 
There are total of 5 children.
3 out of 5 are girls. So, the fraction of girls is
three-fifths ( 3⁄5 ).
2 out of 5 are boys. So, the fraction of boys is
two-fifths ( 2⁄5 ).
Fraction 
Fraction is divided into a numerator and
denominator where the denominator represents
the total number of equal parts into which the
whole is divided. The numerator is the number
of equal parts that are taken out.
Fraction
Fractions on a number line:
• Fractions can be represented on a number line,
as shown below. 
• For examples,
Real life examples
• The most common examples of fractions from real
life are equal slices of pizza, fruit, cake, a bar of
chocolate, etc.
Non-examples
• When the parts of the whole are unevenly
divided, they don’t form fractions.
Types of
fractions
Proper fractions
• Fractions in which the numerator is less than
the denominator are called proper fractions.
Improper fractions
• Fractions in which the numerator is more than
or equal to the denominator are called
improper fractions.
Mixed fractions
• Mixed fractions consist of a whole number
along with a proper fraction.

𝟏 𝟑
𝟏 𝟑
𝟒 𝟒
Equivalent
Fractions
What are Equivalent Fractions?
• Equivalent fractions can be defined as
fractions with different numerators and
denominators that represent the same value or
proportion of the whole.
Here’s an example of equivalent fractions.
Equivalent Fractions

• To find the equivalent fraction, you can

multiply or divide both numerator and
denominator by the same number.
For examples,
Equivalent Fractions
• To determine whether two fractions are
equivalent fractions or not, you can use the
cross product method.
For examples,
• and

• and
Equivalent Fractions
• To find the missing term, find the product of
the first pair of numbers then divide by the
other given number.
For examples,

𝟑 𝑵 𝑵 𝟔
= =
𝟓 𝟏𝟎 𝟑 𝟗
COMPARING and
ordering of
FRACTIONS
Comparing Fractions
• Similar Fractions- When comparing two
fractions with the same denominator, the larger
fraction is the one with the greater numerator.
Examples,
•
•
•
Comparing Fractions
• Dissimilar Fractions- To compare fractions
with different denominators, we must convert
the fractions to equivalent fractions with a
common denominator and then look for
numerators.
Example,

𝟑 𝟐
𝒂𝒏𝒅
𝟒 𝟑
Comparing Fractions
• When comparing fractions with different
denominators but with the same numerators,
the greater the denominator, the smaller the
value of the fraction.
Examples,
•
•
•
Ordering Fractions
• If the denominator is the same, look at the
numerators, and put the fractions in order.
• If the denominator is different, we need to
convert our fractions to equivalent fractions of
the same denominator and then compare them
to put them order.
Order the fractions from smallest to greatest.