Valence

Bond Theory
 The VALENCE BOND THEORY

Valence bond theory

(VBT) was proposed by Heitler
and London (1972)to explain the
formation of covalent bond
wuantitatively using quantum
mechanics

Later on, Linus Pauling improved

this theory by introducing the
concept of hybridization.
 Introduction
The VB Theory assumes that all bonds are
localized bonds formed between two atoms by the
donation of an electron from each atom.

Valence Bond Theory describes covalent bond

formation as well as the electronic structure of
moleules

it assumes that electros copy atomic orbital’s of

individual atoms witin a molecule, nd that the
electrons of one atom are attracted to the nucleus of
another atom.
 Introduction
a COVALENT BOND is formed by the overlapping of two
half filled valece atomic orbital’s of two different atoms.

The electrons in the overlapping orbital;s get paired and

confined between the nuclei of two atoms.

The electron density between two bonded atons increases

due to the overlapping. This confers srability to the
molecule.
 Key points
1 2 3
Overlap Electron Sigma
of Atomic Pair bonds &
Orbitals formation Pi Bonds

4 5 6
Hybridiza- Direction-
Resonance
tions ality
 types of covalent bond
There are 2 types of covalent bonds based on the pattern of overlapping as
follows:

o-bond
A sigma bond is a covalent
bond formed via lienar
overlap of two orbital’s

Pi bond
is a covalent bond formed via
parellel overlap of two
orbitals