2.0 Design of Substructure 2.

1 Design of Abutment
Section of Abutment
0.25 0.2 1.0 A6 A7 0.5 A5 0.0 0.0 A3 3.00 5.30 Y 0.6294 x A1 3.438 A4 0.1706 A2 0.1 0.18 1 0.5 2.3 0.3 1.00

288.3 Deck Level

284 HFL

280.32 MSL

A
1.20 1.70 A8 0.20

279.52 SBL

T
This prelimanry section is defined by considering hydrological analysis and geotechnical recommendation

277.82 FBL
SBL = Stem Bottom Level FBL = Footing Bottom Level MSL = Maximum Scour Level (fck) (fe) Sst = Ssc = Scbc = Scc = m= 20 500 240 205 6.67 5 11
0.32 0.89 0.95

Material Properties
Concrete grade Steel grade Allowable stress of steel in tension and shear Allowable stress of steel in direct compression Allowable compressive stress in concrete in flexure Allowable comp. stress in concrete in direct compression Modular ratio (m)
Neutral axis factor The resisting moment coefficient k j R

N/mm N/mm N/mm N/mm N/mm N/mm

IRC:21-2000, 303.2.1, Table 9,10 Levels

High Flood Level Maximum Scour level for abutment Total depth of longitudinal Girder including Slab Provided Clear free board Level of Deck Surface Thickness of abutment cap Top level of Footing (SBL) Thickness of Footing/Cap Bottem level of Footing/Cap (FBL) Thickness of Bearing Hence the total height of abutment H= 284 280.32 2.3 2.00 288.30 1.00 279.52 1.70 277.82 0.18 8.78 m m m m m m m m m m m

Substructure Kamala Khola_Bridge Project

As per IRC : 6-2000, 217.1 for Equivqlent live load Surcharge Equivalent Height of Abutment Length of Abutment Span Length H eq= L= 1.2 9.98 7.2 36.95 m m m m

Approach Slab Diamensions

Thickness of approach slab Length of Approach Slab Width of Approach Slab Ballast Wall Width of Ballast wall Length of Ballast wall Wing Wall Thickness of wing wall 0.2 m 3.00 m 7.2 m 0.3 m 7.2 m 0.4 m _conc 16 kN/m 24 kN/m 0.120 0.060 Degree Angle between the wall and earth Angle of internal friction of soil Angle of friction between soil and wall 0 30 16

Soil Data & Seismic Data

Unit weight of backfill soil Unit weight of concrete Horizontal seismic coefficient Vertical seismic coefficient

Analysis and Design of Abutment Stem Area and C.G Calculation with respect to bottom of stem point A
Area (m ) CG-X CG-Y Weight (KN) Symbol A1 2.63 0.15 4.39 455.16 A2 1.00 0.80 5.80 172.80 A3 5.830 0.78 2.65 1007.42 A4 0.53 1.27 1.77 91.58 A5 0.00 0.00 7.78 0.00 A6 0.00 0.00 8.28 0.00 A7 0.13 -0.13 8.33 21.60 Total 10.12 1748.56 C.G from A 0.6294 3.438 Position of C.G From Superstructure Load Point 0.1706
2

Substructure Kamala Khola_Bridge Project

Forces on the Abutment

Total Dead Load from superstructure Total Critical Live load including impact
2222.4 KN 1302.9 KN

Earth Pressure force (Including live load surcharge)

Total Static earth pressure = 0.5* * Heq * tan(45 - /2)*L = Which act at a distance from abutment base (0.42*Heq)

[IRC:6-2000, 217.1]
411.89685 KN 4.1916 m 8.64 4.48 10.08 9.8572075 44.659345 -223.2967 0.000009 36950 400 300 50 30 3 1.2 m m m m m kN

Effect of buyoncy

[IRC:6-2000, 216.4 (a)]

Area of stem at top = Depth of submerged part of abutment = Area of stem at base = Area of stem at HFL = Volume of submerged part of abutment = Taking 1/2 of the volume, Net upward force due to buyoncy =

Frictional force due to resistance of bearings (temperature effect)

Coefficient of thermal expansion of concrete (C) = Length of main girders (L) Width of girder (a) Assume width of elastomeric bearing (parallel to span) (b) Assume thickness of elastomeric bearing (T) Differential temperature in celcius (dt) Number of main girders = Assume Shear modulus of elastomer (G) (range 0.6 to 1.2) Elongation of the girder (D) = C*L*dt Plan area of the bearing (A) = Longitudinal force transmitted to the pier F = G*A*D / T = Total force from all bearings Lateral force due to frictional resistance of bearings, mm mm mm mm degree N/mm

9.9765 mm 120000 mm 28.73232 kN per bearing 86.20 kN 86.20 kN

(From S. Sir) Breaking Force:( As Per IRC:6-2000, 214.2)

Braking force = 20% of the weight of the design vehicle (Class A) And this force acts along the bridge at 1.2m above the road level Total weight of the IRC Class A vehicle = Therefore braking force length = 9.98 m from base 543.29 kN 54.329 kN

Seismic Forces on Abutment [IRC :

Seismic Forces Due to back fill and Approach Slab are also considered.

Horizontal seismic forces:

Superstructure: Abutment: Backfill soil mass: This forces will act at 0.5 Heq 266.69 209.83 49.43 4.99 kN kN kN m

Vertical seismic forces:

Superstructure: Abutment: 133.34 kN 104.91 kN

Substructure Kamala Khola_Bridge Project

Loads and Moment Calculation

The transverce forces and moments are not calculated since it will not be critical due to high moment of inertia. Load Horizon Vertical Coefficient Moment Vertical Horizontal Lever arm, Particular tal force Lever arm, (kN.m) force (kN) (m) IRC:6-2000, (m) (kN) 202.3 combination I Superstructure dead load Live load Abutment Soil mass Tractive/Braking force Frictional force Total combination VI Non seismic forces Superstructure dead load Live load Abutment Soil mass Tractive/Braking force Frictional force Additional seismic forces Superstructure Abutment Soil mass Total Superstructure dead load Live load Abutment Soil mass Tractive/Braking force Frictional force Buyoncy Total combination VI-a Non seismic forces Superstructure dead load Live load Abutment Soil mass Tractive/Braking force Frictional force Buyoncy Additional seismic forces Superstructure Abutment Soil mass Total Maximum Loads 1 1 1 4637.36 5273.84 IRC:6-2000, 202.3 133.34 104.91 0.80 -0.63 266.69 209.83 49.43 1008.10 1008.10 6.48 3.44 4.99 1834.82 655.38 246.64 6204.47 6204.47 1 1 1 4860.66 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 -223.30 5050.54 Flooded case, Seismic 1 0.5 1 1 0.5 0.5 1 -223.30 2222.40 651.44 1748.56 552.42 Increment factor for allowable stresses* 0.80 0.80 -0.63 411.90 27.16 43.10 4.19 9.98 6.30 20.47 4531.40 1.5 1777.92 521.15 -1100.57 1726.51 271.10 271.52 2222.40 1302.87 1748.56 0.80 0.80 -0.63 411.90 54.33 86.20 4.19 9.98 6.30 133.34 104.91 0.800 -0.629 266.69 209.83 49.43 1008.10 Increment factor for allowable stresses* 6.48 3.44 4.99 1834.82 655.38 246.64 6204.47 1 1777.92 1042.30 -1100.57 1726.51 542.20 543.04 Dry case, Seismic 1 0.5 1 1 0.5 0.5 2222.40 651.44 1748.56 Dry case, Non-seismic 1 1 1 1 1 1 5273.84 2222.40 1302.87 1748.56 Increment factor for allowable stresses* 0.80 0.80 -0.63 411.90 54.33 86.20 552.42 Increment factor for allowable stresses* 0.80 0.80 -0.63 411.90 27.16 43.10 4.19 9.98 6.30 4.19 9.98 6.30 20.47 1 1777.92 1042.30 -1100.57 1726.51 542.20 543.04 4531.40 1.5 1777.92 521.15 -1100.57 1726.51 271.10 271.52

combination I-a Flooded case, Non-seismic

Increment factor for allowable stresses*

Substructure Kamala Khola_Bridge Project

2.1.1 Design of abutment stem Section

Abutment Stem will be designed as compression member with uniaxial moment.
Overall Thickness of Stem at base Length of the abutment Gross cross sectional area of the stem percentage of longitudinal tensile reinforcement the percentage of longitudinal compressive reifnrocement Percentage of steel to be provided as per IRC:21-2000, 306.2.2 Total percentage of longitudinal reinforcement = Then the initial total area of reinforcement Net area of concrete Let the effective cover (referring to the CG of bars) Hence the effective depth D= L= Ag = 1400 mm 7200 mm
10080000

pst psc

Asc = Ac = cover (d')= d_eff =

0.25 0.11 0.3 0.36 36288 10043712 65 1335

mm % % % % OK mm mm mm mm mm4 mm mm mm mm

Moment of inertia I = 1.428.E+12 Section modulus Z = 2.139.E+09 Radius of gyration SQRT(I/Z*L) k= 385 Height of the abutment (upto abutment cap) 6300 Effective length (height) factor (IRC:21-2000, 306.1.2, Table 13) = 1.75 Effective height of the abutment 11025 Ratio of Effective length : Radius of gyration = 28.61 Hence it is treated as a Short Column The direct comp. stress, Scc_cal = P/(Ac+1.5*m*Asc) N/mm The comp. stress in bending Scbc_cal = M/Z N/mm Interaction Condition to be satisfied: [Scc_cal/Scc] + [Scbc_cal/Scbc] = <1 Comp. Stress Non-Seismic Case Seismic Case [Scc_cal/Scc] + [Scbc_cal/Scbc] Scc_cal = 0.50 0.46 0.4 Scbc_cal = 2.12 2.90 0.4 Reinforcement Calculation Reinforcement Tensile reinforcement (AS1+AS2) Compressive Reinforcement
Area (mm2) Bar dia (mm)

Condition <1 Satisfied <1 Satisfied Provided Nos 49 49

25200

Nos 32 32 25 23 Ast = Asc =

Spacing (mm) c/c 150 AS1+AS2 150 25736 11290 37026 0.367 AS3+AS4 mm mm mm % OK

11088 (AS3+AS4) Total area of provided tensile reinforcement = Total area of provided compressive reinforcement =

Total provided area of longitudinal steel = Check For Shear

Critical shear force at the base Effective area of the section Shear Stress Permissible Shear Stress [IRC:21-2000, Table 12B] 552422.81 N 10080000 mm 0.055 N/mm 0.258 N/mm

OK

Substructure Kamala Khola_Bridge Project

Check For Cracked or Uncracked Section

For uncracked section (Scbc_cal - Scc_cal) < 0.25*(Scc_cal + Scbc_cal) Case (Scbc_cal - Scc_cal) 0.25*(Scc_cal + Scbc_cal) Section is Non seismic condition: 1.62 0.65 Cracked Seismic condition: 2.44 0.84 Cracked As The Section is cracked Reinforcement and section should be checked for cracked condition Critical Neutral axis x 607.34 mm The resultant Stress Scb 2.632 N/mm Stress in tension reinforcement: Ss = m*Scb*(D-d'-x)/x = 34.69 N/mm < 240 OK Stress in compression reinforcement: Ssc = 1.5m*Scb*(x-d')/x = 38.78 N/mm < 205 OK

Curtailment of Bar
Assume the amount of reinforcement to be curtailed And curtailment will be at Thickness of stem at point of curtailment Effective depth of stem Amount of longitudinal Reinforcement Asc = Net area of concrete Ac = Area of tensile reinforcement = Area of provided compressive reinforcement = Forces and Moment at curtailment Particular Non seismic forces
Superstructure dead load

3.50 1267.9 1202.9 18144 9129056.6

50 % m from the base of stem mm mm mm mm Ast = 12868 mm Asc = 5645 mm 4 I= 1.044E+12 mm Z= 1.736E+09 mm
Moment (kN.m)

Horizon Vertical Vertical Horizontal Lever arm, tal force Lever arm, force (kN) (m) (kN) (m)

Live load Abutment Soil mass Tractive/Braking force Frictional force Additional seismic forces Superstructure 1 133.34 Abutment 1 50.03 Soil mass 1 Total 3890.98 The direct comp. stress, Scc_cal = P/(Ac+1.5*m*Asc) = The comp. stress in bending Scbc_cal = M/Z = So, [Scc_cal/Scc] + [Scbc_cal/Scbc] = The condition of tensile stress at the extreme fibre of concrete: (Scbc_cal - Scc_cal) < 0.25*(Scc_cal + Scbc_cal)

1 0.5 1 1 0.5 0.5

2222.40 651.44 833.77

0.80 0.80 0.60

805.23
27.16 43.10 0.800 133.34 0.629 50.03 48.31 1107.2

2.72 6.48 2.80 2.98 3.36 2.72

1777.92 521.15 502.12 2191.51 176.03 120.68 504.04 199.37 131.49 6124.30

0.413 N/mm 3.53 N/mm 0.612 <1 OK

> 0.985 Section is Cracked As The Section is cracked Reinforcement and section should be checked for cracked condition Critical Neutral axis x 449.18 mm The resultant Stress Scb 2.638 N/mm Stress in tension reinforcement: Ss = m*Scb*(D-d'-x)/x = 44.50 N/mm < 240 OK Stress in compression reinforcement: Ssc = 1.5m*Scb*(x-d')/x = 37.23 N/mm < 205 OK
Substructure Kamala Khola_Bridge Project

3.114

Check for shear Critical shear, V = Effective area, A = Tensile reinforcement area = Compression reinforcement area = Hence total reinforcement area = Percentage of steel provided = 1107175 N 9129056.6 mm 12867.964 5645.0493 18144 0.199 mm mm mm %

Shear stress developed, tau= 0.1213 N/mm Permissible shear stress with longitudinal reinforcement = Reinforcement Tensile reinforcement Compressive Reinforcement Maximum allowded spacing is
Area (mm2)

12868 5645 300

0.204 N/mm OK Bar dia (mm) Nos Spacing (mm) c/c calculated/provided 32 16 480 300 AS1 25 12 650 300 AS3 mm Hence provide at sapcing of 300 mm 10 % of the total longitudinal reinforcement 3702.6026 113.1 mm 17 330 12 mm mm nos mm c/c (AS5)

Distribution Bar calculation

Let the percentage of distribution bars be Hence, area of distribution bars = Let's use bars of 12 mm Unit area = Total number of distribution bars on each face of the stem = Spacing @ Provided spacing 300 mm and bar dia is No of Bar 17 on each face of stem

Substructure Kamala Khola_Bridge Project

Summary of reinforcement of abutment stem Section

AS5 AS1
32 @ 300 c/c 12 @ 300 c/c AS1+AS2 32 @ 150 c/c

AS5
12 @ 300 c/c

AS3
25 @ 300 c/c

AS3+AS4
25 @ 150 c/c

Above curtailment

Below curtailment

AS3 AS1 32 @ 300 c/c AS5 12 @ 300 c/c AS1+AS2 32 @ 150 c/c AS3+AS4 25 @ 150 c/c 25 @ 300 c/c

Height of curtailmnet

2.1.2 Design of Abutment Cap

Calculation of Vertical Load Superstructure Dead Load 2222.4 Live Load Including Impact 1302.9 Total Load 3525.3 Total Load per Girder 1175.1 No of Longitidunal Girder 3 Depth of Abutment Cap D= 1000 Check For Punching Stress: Bearing Size provided L= 400 B= 300 au_p = ks(0.16*sqrt(fck)) Allowable punching Stress = Where ks is minimum of 1 and 0.5 + bc So, ks = tau_p = Total Punching Stress Developed au_developed = V/Po*D
Allowable punching Stress

KN KN KN KN mm mm mm

and bc = B/L 1

0.75 0.716 N/mm

where Po is perimeter of affected Area = 2 (2D+L+B) Po So, Punching Stress Developed au_developed =

5400 mm 0.2176 N/mm

< 0.716 N/mm Ok As depth is safe for punching no additional reinforcement is required. Providing nominal reinforcement. Reinforcement Bar dia (mm) Reinforcement along length of cap 16 Stirrups around the cap 12 And Provide 2 layers of 10 mm bar mesh of length L: Breadth : Nos 20 36 550 mm 450 mm
Spacing (mm) c/c provided

200 200 AC3

Level AC1 AC2

Substructure Kamala Khola_Bridge Project

Summary of reinforcement of abutment Cap Section

10mm 2 layers of bar mesh AC3
12 @ 200 mmc/c AC2

16 @ 200 mmc/c AC1 12 @ 200 mmc/c AC2

16 @ 200 mmc/c AC1

10mm 2 layers of bar mesh AC3

2.1.3 Design of Back Wall/DirtWall

Total Horizontal force due to earth pressure including live load surcharge is given by 0.5.s.(height of ballast wall+1.2(eq live load surcharge)) 2.tan2(45-/2)*L= which acts at a distance 0.42H from backwall base of Total Seismic earth pressure Including live load surcharge is given by (0.5* g Ka_dyn*H *L) = Horizontal component of this force = This force acts at 0.5*H, hence lever arm = Self weight of backwall these act at a distance from backwall toe of Moment due to earth pressure about abutment base Moment due to seismic forces Moment due self weight Total Moment about backwall toe Total Base Shear Providing 40 mm cover and total thickness of ballast wall is & dia of main bar & Distribution bar are 32 mm & So, available effective depth = Critical neutral axis, xc = Lever arm , Z = Scbc*deff/((Sst/m)+Scbc) deff-xc/3 234.91 KN 1.47 m

28.19 kN 1.75 m 119.2 kN 0.15 m 345.32 kN.m 49.33 kN.m 17.8848 kN.m 412.54 kNm 263.10 kN 300 mm 12 mm respectively 212 mm 49.62 mm 195.46 mm 8794.09 mm >300 Level AB1 AB3 AB2 mm

Required area of tensile steel (M/Z*Sst) =

So, No of main bar 12 @ spaicng 650 mm c/c Provided Reinforcement Nos Reinforcement Dia of Bar Spacing (mm) c/c provided 300 25 Main Bar (Back Face) 32 Distribution Bar (Horizontal bar at 300 9 12 each face) Compression Bar (Front Face) 25 300 25

Substructure Kamala Khola_Bridge Project

Summary of reinforcement of Back Wall

250 20 AB7 300

32 @ 300 mmc/c AB1 12 @ 300 mmc/c AB3

250 10 AB5

25 @ 300 mmc/c AB2

250 10 AB6

16 AB8

16 AB4

2.1.3 Design of Abutment Foundation

0.25 0.2 1.0 A6 A7 0.5 A5 0.0 0.0 A3 3.00 5.30 Y 0.28 x 2.76 A1 A4 3.63 A2 0.18 1 0.5 2.3 0.3 1

0.1
8.78

10.48

A
1.20 1.70 A8 0.2

3.25

1.40 7.40

2.75

Area and C.G Calculation with respect to Foundation at point T

Symbol A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 Total Area (m2) CG-X CG-Y Weight (KN) 2.63 4.00 6.09 455.16 1.00 3.35 7.50 172.80 5.83 3.40 4.35 1007.42 0.53 2.88 3.47 91.58 0.00 4.15 9.48 0.00 0.00 4.15 9.98 0.00 0.13 4.28 10.03 21.60 12.58 3.70 0.85 2173.82 22.70 3922.39

Substructure Kamala Khola_Bridge Project

C.G from T 3.63 2.762 m Position of C.G From Superstructure Load Point Position of superstructure load point From toe= Height of Abutment (H) Height of Abutment Including Footing (H') Length of Abutment (L)
Offsets of the base slab provided from the edge of abutment stem

Over all Length of Footing (L') Horizontal Nonseismic Forces Forces due to breaking force Horizontal forces due to reisitence of bearing Earth pressure (0.5* g * H * tan(45 - f/2)*L) at 0.42H Vertical Nonseismic Forces Live Load Dead Load from superstructure Dead load of Abutment and Footing Vertical Load of Soil Mass Vertical Load of Approach Slab Horizontal seismic forces:
Superstructure Abutment and footing Soil mass Approach Slab

0.28 3.35 8.78 10.48 7.20 0.40 8.00

m
m m m m m both side m

kN
54.329 86.20 411.90

kN
1302.87 2222.40 3922.39 3287.232 103.68

kN
266.69 470.69 394.47 12.44

Vertical seismic forces:

Superstructure Abutment and footing Soil mass Approach Slab

kN
133.34 235.34 197.23 6.22 -1453 kN at 44.66 100.64

Vertical lever arm m 11.68 8.00 4.91 Horizontal lever arm m 3.35 3.35 3.63 3.70 3.58 Vertical lever arm m 8.18 2.76 5.24 10.38 Horizontal lever arm m 3.35 3.63 2.53 2.65 3.63 m

Buyoncy (IRC:6-2000, 216.4 (a) Upward pressure due to buyoncy =

Volume of Submerged part of Stem Volume of Footing

Loads and Moment Calculation

The transverce forces and moments are not calculated since it will not be critical due to high moment of inertia. Load Stabilizing Horizon Vertical Coefficient Vertical Horizontal Lever arm, Particular Moment tal force Lever arm, force (kN) (m) IRC:6-2000, (kN) (m) (kN.m) 202.3 combination I Superstructure dead load Live load Abutment Soil mass/earth pressure Approach Slab Tractive/Braking force Frictional force Total combination VI Non seismic forces Superstructure dead load Live load Abutment Soil mass/earth pressure Approach Slab Tractive/Braking force Dry case, Non-seismic 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 10838.58 Dry case, Seismic 1 0.5 1 1 1 0.5 2222.40 651.44 3922.39 3287.23 103.68 2222.40 1302.87 3922.39 3287.232 103.68 Increment factor for allowable stresses* 3.35 3.35 3.63 3.70 3.58 86.20 54.33 552.42 Increment factor for allowable stresses* 3.35 3.35 3.63 3.70 3.58 43.10 8.00 344.79 411.90 4.91 8.00 11.68 24.59 38567.39 1.5 7445.05 2182.31 14224.30 12162.76 2020.60 411.90 4.91 1 7445.05 4364.63 14224.30 12162.76 370.66 689.58 634.56 3344.74 2020.60 Overturning Moment (kN.m)

Substructure Kamala Khola_Bridge Project

Frictional force Additional seismic forces Superstructure Abutment Soil mass Approach Slab Total Superstructure dead load Live load Abutment Soil mass Approach Slab Tractive/Braking force Frictional force Buyoncy Total combination VI-a Non seismic forces Superstructure dead load Live load Abutment Soil mass Approach Slab Tractive/Braking force Frictional force Buyoncy Additional seismic forces Superstructure Abutment Soil mass Approach Slab Total

0.5 1 1 1 1 133.34 235.34 197.23 6.22 10753.06 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 -1452.99 9385.58 Flooded case, Seismic 1 0.5 1 1 1 0.5 0.5 1 1 1 1 1 -1452.99 133.34 235.34 197.23 6.22 9306.29 3.63 3.35 3.63 2.53 2.65 2222.40 651.44 3922.39 3287.23 103.68 3.63 2222.40 1302.87 3922.39 3287.232 103.68 3.35 3.35 3.63 3.70 3.58 3.350 3.626 2.525 2.650

27.16 266.69 470.69 394.47 12.44 1626.44 Increment factor for allowable stresses*

11.68 8.18 2.76 5.24 10.38 446.70 853.46 498.02 16.49 37829.08 1 7445.05 4364.63 14224.30

317.28 2181.51 1299.85 2067.01 129.14 8360.19

combination I-a Flooded case, Non-seismic

411.90 86.20 54.33 552.42

4.91 8.00 11.68

12162.76 370.66

2020.60 689.58 634.56

-5269.2 33298.20 1.5 7445.05 2182.31 14224.30 411.90 43.10 27.16 4.91 8.00 11.68 -5269.2 266.69 470.69 394.47 12.44 1626.44 8.18 2.76 5.24 10.38 2628.21 2153.31 2565.03 145.63 38608.06 2181.51 1299.85 2067.01 129.14 8029.15 12162.76 370.66 172.39 158.64 2020.60 3344.74

Increment factor for allowable stresses* 3.35 3.35 3.63 3.70 3.58

Increment factor for allowable stresses* IRC:6-2000, 202.3 Check for Stability and Bearing Pressure Factors of safety (IRC:78-2000, 706.3.4) For Non Seismic Against overturning 2 Against sliding 1.5 Against deep seated failure 1.25 Frictional coefficient (IRC:78-2000, 706.3.4) (f) = Maximum Allowable Bearing Pressure (q) = Total Length of footing (B) = B/6 =

For Seismic 1.5 1.25 1.15 0.5 480 kN/m 8.00 m 1.33

Substructure Kamala Khola_Bridge Project

Summary of Loads per meter Particular/Load cases

Vertical force Horizontal (kN) force (kN)

Stabilizing Moment (kN.m)

Overturning Moment (kN.m)

Non Seismic case Dry (comb. I) Flooded (comb. I-a) Seismic case Dry (comb. VI) Flooded (comb VI-a) Check

1354.8221 69.052851 1173.19792 69.052851 1344.1326 203.30551 1163.28602 203.30551

4820.92 4162.28 4728.64 4826.01

418.09245 418.09245 1045.02 1003.64

Non seismic case Stability against overturning (MS/MO) Stability against sliding (f*V/H) Eccentricity e1 = B/2 - (MS-MO)/V < B/6 Max net pressure = (V/B)*(1+6e/B) < q Min net pressure = (V/B)*(1- 6e/B) > 0 Seismic case Stability against overturning (MS/MO) Stability against sliding (f*V/H) Eccentricity e1 = B/2 - (MS-MO)/V < B/6 Max net pressure = (V/B)*(1+6e/B) < q Min net pressure = (V/B)*(1- 6e/B) > 0

Calculated value Allowable Remark Flooded Dry 11.53 9.955 2 > than allowableOk 9.81 8.49 1.5 > than allowableOk 0.75 0.81 1.33 <than allowableOk 264.6 235.6 480 < than allowableOk 74.1 57.7 0 > than allowableOk 4.52 3.31 1.26 326.7 9.3 4.808 2.86 0.71 223.3 67.5 1.5 1.25 1.33 480 0 > than allowableOk > than allowableOk <than allowableOk < than allowableOk > than allowableOk

Design of Footing Calculation of moments and shear forces at the footing due to base pressure 7.40 4.15 4.65 3.25 H A B 2.75 T

min

max

Moment and shear forces due to base pressure Description Effective moment, M = (MS-MO) Critical downward load, V = Distance of CG of forces, X = M/V Eccentricity, e=(B/2)-X Maximum pressure at Toe, max = Minimum pressure at Heel, min = Upward pressure (shear) at B, t = Upward pressure (shear) at A, h = Moment at B due to upward pressure Moment at A due to upward pressure Moment and forces due to Soil and Abutment At Point B Non seismic cases Case I Case I-a 4402.83 3744.2 1354.82 1173.20 3.25 3.19 0.75 0.81 264.65 235.58 74.06 57.72 193.82 169.48 157.76 135.83 1232.27 1026.8 538.48 442.3 Seismic cases Case VI Case VI-a 3683.61 3822.36 1344.13 1163.29 2.74 3.29 1.26 0.71 326.73 223.30 9.31 67.53
208.77 148.71 165.41 135.94

819.41 294.56

1082.78 477.05

Substructure Kamala Khola_Bridge Project

Self weight of Toe Slab Negative force (Lift) due to buyoncy Seismic Loads At Point A Self weight of Heel Slab Negative force (Lift) due to buyoncy Downward force due to soil Seismic Loads Description Moment and forces due to Soil and Abutment Downward force at B Downward force at A Downward Moment at B Downward Moment at A Resultant forces at Toe and Heel Net Bending moment at heel, A Net Bending moment at toe, B Net Shear Force at heel, A Net Shear Force at toe, B Critical Forces and Moments Critical Moment at Toe Side Critical Mement at Heel Side Critical Shear Forces at Toe Side Critical Shear Forces at Heel Side Design of Toe Slab Neutral Axis Factor Xc [m*Scbc/m*Scbc+Sst] = Lever Arm Z [1-Xc/3] = Moment of Resistance Factor R [Scbc/2*Z*Xc] = Minimum Effective depth requireq deff_min [sqrt(M/R*b] = Provided Over all Depth Cover provided (Top and Cover) So, effective actual depth deff Area of Reinforcement required Ast [M/Z*deff*Sst] = Provided Reinforcement Reinforcement Tensile Reinforcement (Bottom) Compression Reinforcement (Top) Dia of Bar 32 Non seismic cases Case I Case I-a 112.2 88.825 589.16 561.5 154.28 122.13 957.39 912.5 -418.90 1077.99 -431.40 81.62 1077.99 -675.75 89.83 -433.55 -470.2 904.6 -425.7 80.7

112.2 -23.375 6.73 132.6 -27.625 456.56 7.96 Seismic cases Case VI Case VI-a 118.93 597.12 163.532 970.31 -675.8 655.88 -14.82 89.83 95.56 569.49 131.391 925.42 -448.4 951.39 -433.55 69.85

kN-m per meter kN-m per meter kN per meter kN per meter 0.23 0.922 0.7193 1224.2 mm 1700 mm 70 mm 1630 mm Ok
2 2988.8 mm

Spacing (mm) c/c provided

120 200

Nos Per meter Total

9

Level

67.00 AF1

25 Ast Provided (Bottom) Ast Provided (Top)

5 41.00 AF3 7238.2 mm > Ast required OK 2454.4 mm

Design of Heel Slab Neutral Axis Factor Xc [m*Scbc/(m*Scbc+Sst)] = Lever Arm Z [1-Xc/3] = Moment of Resistance Factor R [Scbc/2*Z*Xc] = Minimum Effective depth requireq deff_min [sqrt(M/R*b] = Provided Over all Depth Cover provided (Top and Cover) So, effective actual depth deff Area of Reinforcement required Ast [M/Z*deff*Sst] =

0.23 0.922 0.7193 969.27 mm 1700 mm 70 mm 1630 mm Ok

2 1873.5 mm

Substructure Kamala Khola_Bridge Project

Provided Reinforcement Reinforcement Tensile Reinforcement (Bottom) Compression Reinforcement (Top) Dia of Bar 32
Spacing (mm) c/c provided
200 300

Nos Per meter Total

5 4

Level

41.00 AF2 27.00 AF4

25 Ast Provided (Bottom) Ast Provided (Top)

4021.2 mm > Ast required OK 1963.5 mm 16 mm

Distribution Bars: Provide 20 % of Longitudinal Bars as distribution bars of dia Reinforcement Area of steel required

Spacing (mm) c/c provided Nos

250 130 250 250 12 22 17 17

Toe Side 490.87 Top Face Bar Bottom Face Bar 1447.65 Heel Side 392.70 Top Face Bar Bottom Face Bar 804.25 (IRC:21-2000, 304.7.1.3) Check For Shear Maximum Shear stress developed (V/b*deff) Total longitudinal reinforcement provided (%) Allowable shear stress without shear reinforcement Additional Shear Reinforcement is required

Level AF5 AF6 AF5 AF6

Toe 0.0528 0.570 0.322 NO

Heel 0.255 N/mm 0.352 % 0.253 !!! YES

OK

Summary of reinforcement of Abutment Footing

0 @ 0c/c Shear bars bothway AF7

25 @ 300 mm c/c AF4

25 @ 200 mm c/c AF3

16 @ 250 mm c/c AF5

16 @ 250 mm c/c AF5 16 @ 130 mm c/c AF6

32 @ 200 mm c/c AF2 16 @ 250 mm c/c AF6

32 @ 120 mm c/c AF1 16 @ 130 mm c/c AF6

Substructure Kamala Khola_Bridge Project

2.0 Design of Substructure 2.2 Design of Pier Cap & Stem

Section of Pier
A B C 1.05 TPL 1.20 285.82

2.500

2.500 3.00 BPL 6.60 HFL

2.40

283.42 284

1.90 2.80 10.10

8.30 MSL 278.22

SBL

277.52

1.80

1.80

FBL 7.00 This prelimanry section is defined by considering hydrological analysis and geotechnical recommendation Material Properties Concrete grade Steel grade Allowable stress of steel in tension and shear Allowable stress of steel in direct compression Allowable compressive stress in concrete in flexure Allowable comp. stress in concrete in direct compression Modular ratio (m) Neutral axis factor k j The resisting moment coefficient R IRC:21-2000, 303.2.1, Table 9,10 Levels High Flood Level Maximum Scour level for Pier Level of Deck Surface Thickness of Pier cap (overall Thickness) 7.00 SBL = Stem Bottom Level FBL = Footing Bottom Level MSL = Maximum Scour Level (fck) (fe) Sst = Ssc = Scbc = Scc = m= 25 500 240 205 8.33 6.25 10 0.32 0.89 0.95 N/mm N/mm N/mm N/mm N/mm N/mm

275.72

284 m 278.2 m 288.3 m 2.40 m Substructure Kamala Khola_Bridge Project

Top level of pier cap (TPL)

Top level of Footing (SBL) Thickness of Footing/Cap Bottem level of Footing/Cap (FBL) Thickness of Bearing Hence the total height of Pier Soil Data & Seismic Data Unit weight of backfill soil Unit weight of concrete Horizontal seismic coefficient Vertical seismic coefficient Angle between the wall and earth Angle of internal friction of soil Angle of friction between soil and wall Forces on the Pier at Point Distance from center Total Dead Load from superstructure (kN) Total Critical Live load including impact (kN)
Moment at the edge of the stem shaft

( 2.5m Below Max Scour Depth) H= _conc Design of Pier Cap A -2.50 764.61 364.75 207.94 1682.1332 802.4478 401.2239 3093.74

285.82 277.52 1.80 275.72 0.18 10.10

m m m m m

16 kN/m 24 kN/m 0.120 0.060 Degree 0 32 16 B 0.00 693.19 417.54 Kn-m Kn-m Kn-m Kn-m Kn-m 0.26 0.91 1.96 1255.32 mm 2400 40 32 2344 mm mm mm mm Ok C 2.50 764.61 321.84

Due to dead load of the cap itself = Due to dead load from superstructure = Due to live load excluding impact = Due to Impact load =
Hence Total Moment

Neutral Axis Factor Xc [m*Scbc/(m*Scbc+Sst)] = Lever Arm Z [1-Xc/3] = Moment of Resistance Factor R [Scbc*Z*Xc] = Assuming b=1 m Minimum Effective depth requireq d eff_min [sqrt(M/R*b] = Provided Over all Depth Cover provided (Top and Cover) Diameter of bar So, effective actual depth deff Distance of the bearing center from the face of stem = Cap Can be designed as cantilever Area of Reinforcement required Ast [M/Z*deff*Sst] = Provide 32 mm bars at spacing Provided area of tensile reinforcement = Reinforcement at the bottom (compression side) Provide 20 mm bars at spacing Provided area of tensile reinforcement = Check for Shear Shear force at the critical section Due to dead load of the cap itself = Due to dead load from superstructure = Due to live load excluding impact = Due to Impact load =

1100 mm 6016.258 mm 150.00 mm c/c, so nos of bars are 16085 mm2 OK AP1 220.00 mm c/c, so nos of bars are
4398 mm
2 2

20

14

AP2

246.24 1529.212 729.498 364.749

kN kN kN kN

Substructure Kamala Khola_Bridge Project

2869.699 kN 0.398569306 N/mm 1.9 Section ok for shear 0.291 % tc = 0.233 < 0.399 Shear reinforcement is required Shear resisted by the longitudinal steel and concrete section = tc * B * d_eff = 1639942 N Shear force to be resisted by shear reinforcement Vus = 1229757 N Providing 4 legs of 16 mm bars The shear steel area Asv = 804.25 mm Spacing of bars Sst * Asv *d_eff / Vus = 365 mm c/c Check for shear at bearings Check shear at a distance 1.10 m from the face of the stem Total Depth of beam at the bearing = 1705 mm Effective Depth of beam at the bearing= 1649 mm Shear forces: Due to dead load of the cap itself = 115.05 kN Due to dead load from superstructure = 1529.21 kN Due to live load excluding impact = 729.50 kN Due to Impact load = 364.75 kN Total V= 2738.51 kN Shear Stress developed, tau = V/(B*D) 0.54 N/mm Allowable shear stress for the section (IRC:21-2000, Table 12A) = 1.90 Section ok for shear Percentage of longitudinal steel (tension+compression), pt = 0.414 % Allowable shear stress (IRC:21-2000, Table 12B) = 0.306 N/mm Shear resisted by the longitudinal steel and concrete section = tc * B * d_eff = 1515200 N Shear force to be resisted by shear reinforcement Vus = 1223307 N Providing 4 legs of 16 mm bars The shear steel area Asv = 804.25 mm Spacing of bars Sst * Asv *d_eff / Vus = 200 mm c/c AP3 Skin reinforcement @ 0.1% of gross sectional area of the beam 7032 mm For each side = 3516 mm each side Providing 16 mm bars 200 mm c/c, hence, 12 nos each side Provided area at each side = 2413 mm each side AP4 Check for punching shear Average depth of section at bearing, i.e. at 1.55 m from the stem face= 2118 mm Allowable punching pressure, tau_p = ks(0.16*sqrt(fck)) Where, ks = the minimum of 1 and 0.5+bc = bc = B/L = 0.75 hence, Total punching stress developed = tau_punch = V/Lo*D Where Lo = perimeter around the critical plane = 2*(2D+L+B) = Hence, tau_punch = Which is

Total Shear force Shear Stress developed, tau = V/(B*D) Allowable shear stress for the section (IRC:21-2000, Table 12A) = Percentage of longitudinal steel (tension+compression), pt = Allowable shear stress (IRC:21-2000, Table 12B) =

V=

1 tau_p = 0.8

<

8882.727273 mm 0.000100982 N/mm 0.8 OK

Substructure Kamala Khola_Bridge Project

Summary of reinforcement of Pier Cap

16 @ 200 mm c/c AP4 32 @ 150 mm c/c AP1 16 @ 200 mm c/c AP3 32 @ 150 mm c/c AP1

16 @ 200 mm c/c AP4 20 @ 220 mm c/c AP2 20 @ 220 mm c/c AP2

Design of Pier Stem Length of stem column (between the surfaces of the restrains) Diameter of column D Effective length of column (IRC:21-2000, 306.2.1) [ effective length factor 1.2 ]
Forces on the Pier at Point from superstructure
Impact factor

L= Le =

8300 mm 2800 mm 9960 mm

Total Load Total Load (absolute) (incl. impact) C (excl. impact) CG of Load wrt center, m 0.000 -0.097

A B Distance from center -2.5 0 2.5 Dead Load (kN) 1 764.61 693.19 764.61 Live load (kN) 1.105 364.75 417.54 321.84 Analysis and Design of pier Stem Dead Load Dead Load From Superstructure Dead Load due to pier cap Dead Load of Pier Stem Total Dead Load Breaking Force:( As Per IRC:6-2000, 214.2) Braking force = 20% of the weight of the design vehicle (Class A) Height of deck surface from the pier cap= 2.48 And this force acts along the bridge at 1.2m above the road level Total weight of the IRC Class A vehicle = 543.29 Therefore braking force length = 108.658 Moment Due to Breaking Force 399.8614

2222.40 2222.40 1104.13 1219.81

4444.8 kN 798.34 kN 871.91 kN 6115 kN

m 3.68 m kN kN kN-m 6.158 6.48 39.90 -399.01 m m m kN

Effect of buyoncy

[IRC:6-2000, 216.4 (a)]

Area of stem at top = Depth of submerged part of Pier = Volume of submerged part of pier = Net upward force due to buyoncy =

Substructure Kamala Khola_Bridge Project

Live Load Live Load Excluding Impact = which will act at eccentricity ('CG of Load wrt center) Critical moment due to live load eccentricity

2208.26 kN -0.097 m -214.525 kN-m 0.000009 36950 400 300 50 30 3 1.2

Frictional force due to resistance of bearings (temperature effect)

Coefficient of thermal expansion of concrete (C) = Length of main girders (L) Width of girder (a) Assume width of elastomeric bearing (parallel to span) (b) Assume thickness of elastomeric bearing (T) Differential temperature in celcius (dt) Number of main girders = Assume Shear modulus of elastomer (G) (range 0.6 to 1.2) Elongation of the girder (D) = C*L*dt Plan area of the bearing (A) = Longitudinal force transmitted to the pier F = G*A*D / T = Total force from all bearings Lateral force due to frictional resistance of bearings, And this force acts along the bridge at Moment due to temperature effect mm mm mm mm degree N/mm

9.9765 mm 120000 mm 28.73232 86.20 86.20 8.30 715.43 kN per bearing kN kN m from base of stem kN-m

(From S. Sir) Force due to water current

Exposed height to water current perimeter Area exposed Maximum mean velocity m/sec Maximum velocity, Sqrt(2)*V, (IRC:6-2000,213.3), V = Shape factor for circular end (IRC:6-2000, 213.2), K = Pressure intensity =0.5KV (IRC:6-2000, 213.2) = Hence force due to water current = Moment due to water current Seismic Forces on Seismic Forces Due to back fill and Approach Slab are also considered. Horizontal seismic forces: Forces (kN) Lever Arm (m) Superstructure: 533.38 8.30 Pier cap 95.80 7.10 Pier stem 104.63 2.95 Total 733.81 Vertical seismic forces: Superstructure: 266.69 Pier cap 47.90 Pier stem 52.31 Total 366.90 4.34 19.10 1.5 2.12 0.66 1.485 18.90 82.08 m m

kN kN-m

Moment (kN-m) 4427.03 680.18 308.65 5415.86

Substructure Kamala Khola_Bridge Project

Loads and Moment Calculation

Moment Vertical Horizontal load along Horizontal Moment along traffic (Y-Y) across traffic load, P traffic(Y-Y) load across (X-X) traffic (XX)

combination I Total Dead load

Live load Tractive/Braking force Frictional force

Total combination VI Non seismic forces Total Dead load Live load Tractive/Braking force Frictional force Seismic forces Total

Dry case, Non-seismic Increment factor for allowable stresses* 1 6115.05 1 2208.26 1 108.66 108.66 399.86 1 86.20 715.43 8431.97 194.85 0.00 1115.30 Dry case, Seismic Increment factor for allowable stresses* 1 0.5 0.5 0.5 1 6115.05 1104.13 54.33

1 -214.53

-214.53 1.5

-107.26

54.33 199.93 43.10 357.72 366.90 733.81 733.81 5415.86 5415.86 733.81 5973.51 5308.60 7640.41 831.23 combination I-a Flooded case, Non-seismic Increment factor for allowable stresses* 1 Total Dead load 1 6115.05 Live load 1 2208.26 -214.53 Tractive/Braking force 1 108.66 108.66 399.86 Frictional force 1 86.20 715.43 Buyoncy 1 -399.01 Water Current 1 18.90 82.08 Total 8032.96 194.85 18.90 1115.30 -132.45 combination VI-a Flooded case, Seismic Increment factor for allowable stresses* 1.5 Total Dead load 1 6115.05 Live load 0.5 1104.13 -107.26 Tractive/Braking force 0.5 54.33 54.33 Frictional force 0.5 43.10 Buyoncy 1 -399.01 715.43 Water Current 1 18.90 82.08 Seismic forces 1 366.90 733.81 733.81 5415.86 5415.86 Total 7241.40 831.23 752.71 6131.30 5390.68 Maximum Loads 8431.97 831.23 752.71 6131.30 5390.68 Resultant Critical forces: Vertical Load, P = 8431.97 kN 1121.39 kN Horizontal Load, H = 8164.08 kN.m Moment, M = Increment factor for allowable stresses* IRC:6-2000, 202.3 Sectional area of stem = (Ag) 6157521.6 mm Let Provide main reinforcement 1.2 % of Sectional area Total Area of reinforcement 73890.25921 mm Let Provide 32 mm dia bars. Provided Number of Bar 92 (AP5) Spacing between the bars providing in two layers = 87 mm Cover provided 100 mm Grade of Concrete and Steel same as in Pier Cap Let provided diameter of transverse reinforcement 12 mm the diameter up to the line of reinforcement Dc 2560 mm Substructure Kamala Khola_Bridge Project

So Area of Steel Provided (As) So Area of Concrete (Ac) Check for Section capacity of Stem Equivalent area of Section Ae = Ac+(1.5m-1)*As= Equivalent moment of inertia of section Ie = (PI*D^4/64) + (m-1)*As*Dc / 8 Ze = 2*Ie/D = Scc = P/Ae = Scb = M/Ze =
(Scc/Sacc + Scb/Sacb) =

73990.79018 mm 6083530.8 mm 7119401.9 mm

3.5627E+12 mm
4

3 2544789202 mm 1.184 N/mm 3.208 N/mm 0.57 <1 Satisfied

Check the section for shear Resultant critical horizontal force: Shear stress developed, tau = Percentage of longitudinal steel (as provided)= Allowable shear stress tc = Hence, No shear reinforcement required. Provide nominal. Provide 12 mm circular rings @

1121392 0.182 1.202 0.432 120 mm c/c

N N/mm % N/mm

Satisfied 2600 (AP6)

Diameter of ring (mm)

Summary of reinforcement of Pier Stem

32 @ 87 mm c/c (AP5) 32 @ 87 mm c/c (AP5) 12 @ 120 mm c/c (AP6)
12 @ 120 mm c/c (AP6)

12 @ 120 mm c/c (AP6)

12 @ 120 mm c/c (AP6)

Substructure Kamala Khola_Bridge Project

2.0 Design of Substructure 2.3 Design of Pier Foundation

Section of Pier
A B C 1.05 TPL 1.2 285.82

2.500

2.500 3.00 BPL 6.60 HFL

2.40

283.42 284

1.90 2.80 10.10

8.30 MSL 278.22

SBL

277.52

1.80

1.80

FBL 7.00 This prelimanry section is defined by considering hydrological analysis and geotechnical recommendation Material Properties Concrete grade Steel grade Allowable stress of steel in tension and shear Allowable stress of steel in direct compression Allowable compressive stress in concrete in flexure Allowable comp. stress in concrete in direct compression Modular ratio (m) Neutral axis factor k j The resisting moment coefficient R IRC:21-2000, 303.2.1, Table 9,10 Levels High Flood Level Maximum Scour level for Pier Level of Deck Surface 7.00 SBL = Stem Bottom Level FBL = Footing Bottom Level MSL = Maximum Scour Level (fck) (fe) Sst = Ssc = Scbc = Scc = m= 20 500 240 205 6.67 5 10 0.32 0.89 0.95 N/mm N/mm N/mm N/mm N/mm N/mm

275.72

284 m 278.22 m 288.3 m

Substructure Kamala Khola_Bridge Project

Thickness of Pier cap (overall Thickness)

Top level of pier cap (TPL)

Top level of Footing (SBL) Thickness of Footing/Cap Bottem level of Footing/Cap (FBL) Thickness of Bearing Hence the total height of Pier Soil Data & Seismic Data Unit weight of backfill soil Unit weight of concrete Horizontal seismic coefficient Vertical seismic coefficient

( 2m Below Max Scour Depth) H= _conc

2.4 285.82 277.52 1.8 275.72 0.18 10.10

m m m m m m

16 kN/m 24 kN/m 0.120 0.060 Degree 0 32 16 8300 mm 2800 mm 9960 mm

Total Load Total Load (absolute) (incl. impact) C (excl. impact) CG of Load wrt center, m 0.000 -0.097

Angle between the wall and earth Angle of internal friction of soil Angle of friction between soil and wall Length of stem column (between the surfaces of the restrains) Diameter of column D Effective length of column (IRC:21-2000, 306.2.1) [ effective length factor 1.2 ]
Forces on the Pier at Point from superstructure
Impact factor

L= Le =

Distance from center Dead Load (kN) 1 Live load (kN) 1.105 Forces at bottom of Footing Dead Load Dead Load From Superstructure Dead Load due to pier cap Dead Load of Pier Stem
Dead load of footing

A -2.50 764.61 364.75

B 0.00 693.19 417.54

2.50 764.61 321.84

2222.40 2222.40 1104.13 1219.81

Total Dead Load Breaking Force:( As Per IRC:6-2000, 214.2) Braking force = 20% of the weight of the design vehicle (Class A) Height of deck surface from the pier cap= And this force acts along the bridge at 1.2m above the road level Total weight of the IRC Class A vehicle = Therefore braking force length = Moment Due to Breaking Force

4445 kN 798.34 kN 871.91 kN 2116.80 kN 8232 kN

2.48 m 3.68 m 543.29 kN 108.658 kN 399.861 kN-m 84.00 m -840.01 kN 2208.26 kN -0.097 m -214.525 kN-m 0.000009 36950 mm
Substructure Kamala Khola_Bridge Project

Effect of buyoncy

[IRC:6-2000, 216.4 (a)]

Volume of submerged part of pier = Net upward force due to buyoncy = Live Load Live Load Excluding Impact = which will act at eccentricity ('CG of Load wrt center) Critical moment due to live load eccentricity

Frictional force due to resistance of bearings (temperature effect)

Coefficient of thermal expansion of concrete (C) = Length of main girders (L)

Width of girder (a) Assume width of elastomeric bearing (parallel to span) (b) Assume thickness of elastomeric bearing (T) Differential temperature in celcius (dt) Number of main girders = Assume Shear modulus of elastomer (G) (range 0.6 to 1.2) Elongation of the girder (D) = C*L*dt Plan area of the bearing (A) = Longitudinal force transmitted to the pier F = G*A*D / T = Total force from all bearings Lateral force due to frictional resistance of bearings, And this force acts along the bridge at Moment due to temperature effect

400 300 50 30 3 1.2

mm mm mm degree N/mm

9.9765 mm 120000 mm 28.73232 86.20 86.20 10.10 870.59 kN per bearing kN kN m from base kN-m

(From S. Sir) Force due to water current

Exposed height to water current perimeter Area exposed Maximum mean velocity m/sec Maximum velocity, Sqrt(2)*V, (IRC:6-2000,213.3), V = Shape factor for square end (IRC:6-2000, 213.2), K = Pressure intensity =0.5KV (IRC:6-2000, 213.2) = Hence force due to water current = Moment due to water current Seismic Forces on Seismic Forces Due to back fill and Approach Slab are also considered. Horizontal seismic forces: Forces (kN) Lever Arm (m) Superstructure: 533.38 10.10 Pier cap 95.80 8.90 Pier stem 104.63 4.75 Footing 254.02 0.90 Total 987.82 Vertical seismic forces: Superstructure: 266.69 Pier cap 47.90 Pier stem 52.31 Footing 127.01 Total 493.91 5.55 24.40 1.5 2.12 0.66 1.485 24.16 134.01 m m

kN kN-m

Moment (kN-m) 5387.10 852.62 496.99 228.61 6965.33

Substructure Kamala Khola_Bridge Project

Loads and Moment Calculation

Moment Vertical Horizontal load along Horizont Moment along traffic (Y-Y) across traffic load, P traffic(Y-Y) al load (X-X) across traffic (XX)

combination I Total Dead load

Live load Tractive/Braking force Frictional force

Total combination VI Non seismic forces Total Dead load Live load Tractive/Braking force Frictional force Seismic forces Total

Dry case, Non-seismic Increment factor for allowable stresses* 1 8231.85 1 2208.26 1 108.66 108.66 399.86 1 86.20 870.59 10548.77 194.85 0.00 1270.45 Dry case, Seismic Increment factor for allowable stresses* 1 0.5 0.5 0.5 1 8231.85 1104.13 54.33

1 -214.53

-214.53 1.5

-107.26 54.33 199.93 43.10 435.29 493.91 987.82 987.82 6965.33 6965.33 9884.22 1085.25 987.82 7600.55 6858.07 combination I-a Flooded case, Non-seismic Increment factor for allowable stresses* 1 Total Dead load 1 8231.85 Live load 1 2208.26 -214.53 Tractive/Braking force 1 108.66 108.66 399.86 Frictional force 1 86.20 870.59 Buyoncy 1 -840.01 Water Current 1 24.16 134.01 Total 9708.76 194.85 24.16 1270.45 -80.52 combination VI-a Flooded case, Seismic Increment factor for allowable stresses* 1.5 Total Dead load 1 8231.85 Live load 0.5 1104.13 -107.26 Tractive/Braking force 0.5 54.33 54.33 Frictional force 0.5 43.10 Buyoncy 1 -840.01 870.59 Water Current 1 24.16 134.01 Seismic forces 1 493.91 987.82 987.82 6965.33 6965.33 Total 9044.21 1085.25 1011.98 7835.92 6992.07 Summary of Load Non-seismic cases Dry, Comb I 10548.77 194.85 0.00 1270.45 -214.53 Flooded, Comb I-a 9708.76 194.85 24.16 1270.45 -80.52 Seismic cases Dry, Comb VI 9884.22 1085.25 987.82 7600.55 6858.07 Flooded, Comb VI-a 9044.21 1085.25 1011.98 7835.92 6992.07 Check for Stability and Bearing Pressure Factors of safety (IRC:78-2000, 706.3.4) For Non Seismic For Seismic Against sliding 1.5 1.25 Frictional coefficient (IRC:78-2000, 706.3.4) (f) = 0.5 Maximum Allowable Bearing Pressure (q) = 480 kN/m max = (P/A) + (M/Z)
Substructure Kamala Khola_Bridge Project

 min = where,

(P/A) - (M/Z)

max = Maximum base pressure (should not exceed the allowable bearing capacity) min = Minimum base pressure (should be > 0, no tension in soil allowed) P= Total vertical load on base M= Moment at the base Z= Section modulus of the footing base = bh / 6 A= Area of base f= Frictional coefficient (IRC:78-2000, 706.3.4) Section modulus Along the traffic Zyy = 57.17 m Across the traffic Zxx = 57.17 m Area of Base A= 49 m2 Stability against sliding: f*(P/H) > factor of safety H= Horizontal force at the base
Along Traffic

Condotion combination I combination II combination III combination IV

Across Traffic

max =

min =

237.50 220.36 334.67 321.65

ok ok ok ok max =

193.06 175.91 68.76 47.50

ok ok ok ok

f*(P/H) 27.07 ok 24.91 ok 4.55 ok 4.17 ok f*(P/H) NA 200.96 ok 5.00 ok 4.47 ok

Condotion combination I combination II combination III combination IV

min =

211.53 196.73 321.68 306.89

ok ok ok ok

219.03 199.55 81.75 62.27

ok ok ok ok

Design of Pier Foundation footing section

Clear cover

35 mm Along Traffic

Diameter of main bars:

Y-Y : X-X: Across Traffic

25 mm 32 mm

2.1

2.80

2.1

2.1

2.80

2.10

1752.5 min

1800

1708

D max

max = min = B= C=

334.67 47.50 195.19 310.06

max = min = B= C=

321.68 62.27 455.10

558.87 Substructure Kamala Khola_Bridge Project

Moment at C:

Due to soil pressure Due to self wt. of slab Resultant moment =

719.86 kN.m 95.26 kN.m 624.61 kN.m

883.65 kN.m 95.26 kN.m 788.39 kN.m

Shear force at C: Due to soil pressure 676.97 kN Due to self wt. of slab 90.72 kN Resultant Shear = 586.25 kN Neutral Axis Factor Xc [m*Scbc/(m*Scbc+Sst)] = Lever Arm Z [1-Xc/3] = Moment of Resistance Factor R [Scbc/2*Z*Xc] = Moment of Resistance, Mr=B*Xc*(Scbc/2) * Z Assuming B = 1 m, Mr = Along Traffic Equating Mr = M, d (min) = 964.00061 mm Provided effective d. d_eff = 1752.5 mm Area of steel required, Ast=M/(Z*d_eff*Sst) Y-Y (along the traffic) 1601.055 mm

924.58 kN 90.72 kN 833.86 kN 0.217 0.928 0.672 Mr = 672.13 d Across Traffic 1083.04 mm 1708 mm

ok

ok

X-X (across the traffic) 2073.53131 mm

Substructure Kamala Khola_Bridge Project

Provide Tensile steel

Diameter Spacing Number Total Diameter Spacing Number

25 mm 200 mm c/c 5 nos per meter 36 25 300 mm c/c 4 nos per meter 24 4417.8647 mm 0.2520893 % 0.234 N/mm 0.335 N/mm Additional shear reinf. Required 176355.1 12 2 296.74466 300 24 N per meter mm mm c/c

(PF1)

32 mm (PF2) 200 mm c/c 5 nos per meter 36 32 mm (PF4) 300 mm c/c 4 nos per meter 24 7238.22947 mm 0.42378393 % 0.280 N/mm 0.488 N/mm Additional shear reinf. Required 477686.119 12 2 300 300 mm c/c 24

Compression bars:

(PF3)

Check for shear Total area of longitudinal bars Percentage of longitudinal bars Allowable shear stress Shear stress developed Shear reinforcement Residual shear stress, Vus = Diameter nos/legs Spacing Adopt Total nos

(PF5)

25 @ 300c/c PF3 32 @ 300c/c PF4

25 @ 300c/c PF3

12 @ 300c/c Shear bars bothway PF5 25 @ 200c/c PF1 32 @ 200c/c PF2

7.00

Substructure Kamala Khola_Bridge Project

Bar Bending Schedule of Abutment Cap

Label Shape Dia Nos Length Unit Weight (Kg)/m Weight(Kg)

AC1

7070

16

20

7.070

1.578

223.177

1170 935
2x50

12

36

4.31

0.888

137.753

AC2

600

AC3

500

Pitch 75 mm bothways, 2 layers

10

16

0.617

59.188 420.118 840.235

Total No of Cap 2 Total Weight

Bar Bending Schedule of Abutment Stem

Label Shape Dia Nos Unit Length Weight (Kg)/m Weight(Kg)

450 AS1 450 6930 32 25 7.830

6.313 1235.837

AS2 5130 450 450 AS3 6930 25 25 7.83

3.853 754.295

32

24

5.58

6.313

845.483

450

AS4

5130 450

25

24

5.58

3.853

516.042

7070 AS5 7070

Total No of Stem 2 Total Weight

700

700

12

17

16.940

0.888

255.673

3607.330 7214.660

Substructure Kamala Khola_Bridge Project

Bar Bending Schedule of Abutment Back Wall

Label Shape Dia Nos Unit Length Weight (Kg)/m Weight(Kg)

250 AB1
4900

32

25

5.15

6.313

812.843

250 AB2
4550

25

25

4.8

3.853

462.403

7070 AB3 250 250 12 9 14.64

0.888 116.978

220

500 700

300

AB4
100

16

27

1.82

1.578

77.559

AB5
75

500 75

10

54

0.65

0.617

21.640

AB6
75

250 75

10

27

0.4

0.617

6.659

AB7 AB8

7120 7120

20 16 Total

1 2

7.12 7.12

2.466 1.578

17.559 22.476 1538.118 3076.235

No of Back Wall

Total Weight

Substructure Kamala Khola_Bridge Project

Bar Bending Schedule of Abutment Foundation

Label Shape Dia Nos Unit Length Weight (Kg)/m Weight(Kg)

AF1

850

4670

850

32

67

6.370

6.313

2694.472

AF2

850

5170

850

32

40

6.870

6.313

1734.907

AF3

850

5170

850

25

40

6.870

3.853

1058.903

AF4

850

4670

850

25

27

6.370

3.853

662.739

AF5

850

7860

850

16

29

9.56

1.578

437.578

AF6

850

7860

850

16

39

9.56

1.578

588.467

100 AF7
1560

0 100
Total

1.76

0.000

0.000

No of Foundation

Total Weight

7177.067 14354.134

Substructure Kamala Khola_Bridge Project

Bar Bending Schedule per Pier

Bar Bending Schedule of Pier Cap

Label Shape Dia Nos Length Unit Weight (Kg)/m Weight(Kg)

AP1

400

6520

400

32

20

7.32

6.313

924.274

AP2

400 2800 2210

400 20 14 8.02

2.466

276.899

2920 AP3 4 Legs Average H= 1120 16 2320 33 12.72

1.578

662.522

AP4

6520

16

12

6.52

1.578

123.489

600

AP5
500

Pitch 75 mm bothways, 2 layers

10

12

16 0.61653756

118.3752112

Total No of Cap 1 Total Weight

2105.560 2105.560

Bar Bending Schedule of Pier Stem

Label Shape Dia Nos Length Unit Weight (Kg)/m Weight(Kg)

AP5 400

8700

32

92

9.100

6.313

5285.532

AP6

D=

2626

12

74

8.450

0.888

555.138

Total No of Stem 1 Total Weight

5840.671 5840.671

Substructure Kamala Khola_Bridge Project

Bar Bending Schedule of Pier Foundation

Label Shape Dia Nos Length Unit Weight (Kg)/m 3.85336 Weight(Kg)

PF1

1000

6890

1000

25

36

8.89

1233.2293

PF2

1000

6890

1000

32

36

8.89

6.31334

2020.5228

PF3

1000

6890

1000

25

24

8.89

3.85336

822.1528

PF4

1000

6890

1000

32

24

8.89

6.31334

1347.0152

100 PF5 1710 12 576 1.91 0.88781 976.738

100 Total No of Foundation 1 Total Weight 6399.658 6399.658

Substructure Kamala Khola_Bridge Project