a±$pifcuf

aqmif;yg;u¾

trsK;d orD;rsm;twGuf cGJ vS,af vmif;pm&if;rsm;wGif trsK;d (The Philippines) wdk@jzpfonf?

wrf;jzifh ud, k pf m;ðyonfph epf (Quo orD;rsm;udk cGw J rf;jzifh owfrw S af y; od@k aomf &0rf'g (Rwanda)/ qD'G if
-ta) onf ‚if;wd@k ukd Eki d if aH &;tcef; jcif;[lI awG@&onf? (Sweden)/ aumhpw f m&Dum (Cost
u¾twGi;f wd;k aygu0f ifa&muf urBmay:±Sd Edik if aH ygi;f 92 -a Rica)/ awmiftmz&du (South
Edkifapa&;twGuf ausmaxmuf EdkifiHwGif trsKd;orD;rsm; EdkifiHa&; Africa) EdkifiHrsm;wGif cGJwrf;jzifh
aemufcHay;rnfh a'gufwdkifwck wGiyf g0ifrE_ e_ ;f jrifrh m;vmap&ef cGJ ud, k pf m;ðypepf (Quota) udk usio hf ;kH
(enf;pepfwck) jzpfonft h jyif t wrf;jzifh ud, k pf m;ðypHepf (Quota) onfqakd omfvnf; tqifh 3 qifh
rsK;d orD;rsm;udk Edik if aH &;avmuwGif udk usio hf ;kH aeonfukd awG@&onf? vH;k wGif usio hf ;kH onfukd rawG@&ay?
oauFwwcktjzpf Aef;jyoabm awmiftar&du Edik if rH sm;jzpfonfh tqdyk gEikd if rH sm;. cGw J rf;
om toHk;cscH&onfhtjzpfrsKd; r tm*siw f ;D em; (Argentina)/ aumh jzifh ud, k pf m;ðypHepf (Quota) usihf
oufa&mufap&eftwGuf aocsm pfwm&Dum(Costa Rica)/ *ef,m oH;k yHu k kd wzufpmrsuEf mS yg Z,m;
atmif vkyaf y;xm;onfh pepf[k em (Guyana) ESiOhf a&mywGif =op wGif avhvm=unfEh ikd o f nf?
vnf; qdEk ikd yf gonf? a=w;vsm; (Austria)/ *smreD (Germ trsK;d orD;rsm;twGuf cJG
trsK;d orD;rsm;twGuf cGJ a ny)/ tdi k pf vef (Iceland)/ e,f wrf;pepf (Quota) onf tm;vH;k t
wrf;jzifh ud, k pf m;ðyonfph eH pf (Quo omvef (Netherlands)/ tm±SwiG f wGuf wlnaD om tcGit hf vrf;rsm;
-ta) udk ydi k ;f jcm;=unfv h #if tqifh xdik 0f rf (Taiwan) ESihf tmz&duwGif qdo k nfph Of;rsO;f udk qef@usio f nf[k
oH;k qifjh zifh awG@Eikd o f nf? rdZk rfbpfcf (Mozambique) ESihf &0rf vnf; tcsKŒd ujrifEikd o f nf? tcsKŒd u
1? Constitutional Quota zG@J pnf; 'g (Rwanda) ponfh Edik if rH sm;jzpf vnf; Tpepfonf t&nftcsi;f
tkycf sKyfykH tajccHOya'wGif trsK;d onf? vuf±dS 13 Edik if rH mS (Quota) a=umifrh [kwyf J “trsK;d orD;” qdw k hJ
orD;rsm;tm; &mcdik Ef e_ ;f jzifh yg0ifEikd f pepfukd jyXmef;Edik &f ef óud;yrf;aeqJ vdiv f uQ%ma=umifo h m Edik if aH &;
cGifhtwGuf jyXmef;jcif;jzifh v$wf jzpfonf? ‚if;wd@k rmS ta±SŒ'Darm orm;jzpfvmrnf/ xd@k jyif wu,f
awmfwiG f trsK;d orD;rsm; cGw J rf;jzifh (East Timore) ESihf qD;&D;,m;vD,kd t&nftcsi;f ±So d nfh Ekid if aH &;orm;
yg0ifEikd &f ef óu;d pm;jcif;? (Sierra Leone) ponfh Edik if rH sm;jzpf rsm;udrk l ab;z,fweG ;f xkwv f u
kd o f
2? Election Law Quota a±G ; onf? vdjk zpfomG ;rnf[v k nf; tjiif;yGm;
aumuf wifajrmufrq _ ikd &f mOya' ‚if;wd@k xw J iG f tcsK@d Eikd if H =uonf?
Y cGw J rf;jzifh trsK;d orD;rsm;udk 0if rsm;rSm trsKd;orD;rsm;twGuf cGJ tcsK@d trsK;d orD;rsm;ud, k f
a&mufa±G;cs,cf cH iG &hf Edik rf nfh Oya' wrf;t&ud, k pf m;ðyonfph epf t wdik u f vnf; ‚if;wd@k twGuf “t
rsm;udk jyXmef;ay;jcif;? qifo h ;kH qifph vH;k udk usio hf ;kH aeonf rsK;d orD;jzpfI” qdo k nfh *k%yf 'k w f
3? Political Party Quota Edik if aH &; udk avhvmawG@±&dS onf? tqdyk gEikd f ckwnf;a=umifah wmh a±G;aumufr
ygwDrsm;wGif ‚if;wdk@. udk,fpm; iHrsm;rSm jyifopf (France)/ zdvpfyikd f cHv[ kd k qd=k uonf? xd@k jyif &mcdik f
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rsK;d orD;rsm;. Edik if aH &;wGiyf g0ifru _ kd twGuf cGw J rf;pepfut kd &if jyXmef; onf jrefrmhtrsK;d orD;rsm;twGuf
uef@owfvdkufrnfvm;[kvnf; Edik af &;twGuf pOf;pm;oifo h nf? t zefw;D ay;&ef trSew f u,fvt kd yf
tjiif;yGm;=uonf? wbufu pOf; rSew f iG f trsK;d orD;rsm;twGuf cGJ aeayonf?vuf±EdS ikd if t H csKŒd wGif t
pm;v#if trsKd;orD;rsm; vwfw wrf;pepfonf jrefrmhEikd if aH &; tzG@J rsKd;orD;rsm;twGuf cGJwrf;pepf
avm ta±G;cs,cf cH iG &hf &ef zefw;D ay; tpnf;rsm;wGirf u Edik if w H umu (Quota) udk jyXmef;usio hf ;kH onfh &
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