arhr&Ekdifw Jh

Salai Ram Ling Hmung 
(okd@) ZvyfeD cspfol qvdkif; a[refvdef;

   

qvdkif;upf(yf) csif;jynf
(1) zl;iHkp yGifhopfyef; uav;rsm;eJ htwl
rkefwdkif;awGvJpJcJhjyD? yif=uD;yifi,fra&G; &Sd&Sdor#opfyifrsm;vnf;/ vJjydKcJh=uw,f? opfudkif;wdk@ usdK;us/
jrufyifawGa=urG/ uef@aumfyef; rsm;vJajrc/ yifay:pHEGrf;vsyef; wdk@[mvnf; oif;&eH@wdk@ uif;rJh/ ,rf;eH@ wdk@
uom pGJcJh=u&w,ff?
yifyef;EGrf;e,faewJh &efukefwuUodkvfausmif;y&0k%ftwGif; aejcnfopfwdk@ jzmqif;csdef/ topfwzef
jyefvnf &Sifoefvm=uwJh yef;rmvmwdk@[mvnf; zl;iHkptcsdef/ topfaom avajyavnif; wdk@eJ@twl
opfvGifjcif;&J@&eH@rsm;eJ@ jyefvnfoif;xHkptcsdef?
xkdrnfaom umvtcsdefav;rSm usaemf qvdkif;&rf;vdefr_ef; udkuefhaumfawm&J@ El;nHhqef;opfwJhaw;
uAsmawG =um;xJrSm pwifod=uGrf;cJh&ygw,f? vSyaomESvHk;om;ydkif&Si/f xufjrufaomtawG; tjrifw@kd eJ@
TurBm avmuudk tvSqifEidk pf rG ;f &Sw
d Jh aw;uAsmrsm;ydkif&Sif/ qvdkif;&rf;vdefr_ef; (odk@r[kwf) ZvyfeD
cspfol qvdkif;a[refvdef;?
csif;jynf&J@ ppfrSefwJhom;aumif; &wemwpfOD;? 1979-1980 wuUov
kd rf sm;&efukef/ csif;pmayESifh ,Ofaus;r_
aumfrw D D (cp,) &J@taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL; wm0efudk xrf;aqmifcJhol/ tjrifhysH atmufcsif;iSuf?
vlxkwdkufyGJ/ rkefwdkif;rsm;jyif;xefvmcJhjyD; tjypfrJh ausmif;om;/ tvkyform;/ &[ef;&Sif jynfolwdk@
aoG;acsmif; oGifoGifpDf;cJhwJh 1974/ 1975/ 1976 rsm; umvawGausmfvGefcJh=uayrJh jynfolawG&J@
vGwfajrmufa&;wdkufyGJ t&Sdeft[kefawGeJ@ taiG@toufawGudk ausmif;om;rsm;&J@ &ifcek o f H aw;uAsm
awGrSmxif[yf jrifawG@ae&qJyg? ausmif;om;/ jynfol/ tvkyform;xkwdk@ “aoG;acsmif;pD;I aoG;aygif;
pnf;” cJ=h uwJhtiftm;pkudk jzdKcGif;zdk@twGuf wuUodkvfausmif;awGudk topfwzef zGifhvSpfvdkufwJh tcsderf mS /
awmfvSefaom ausmif;om;tpOftvmudk jzKdcJzG dk@&nf&G,fjyD;/ a'oaumvdyf (Regional  College) toGief J@
a'otvdkuf tuGJuGJtjym;jym; pwifzGifhvSpfcJhwJh umv jzpfygw,f? tcsdK@aom ausmif;om;a[mif;
awGuolwdk@av;awGudk “&Dcsifw,faumvdyf ausmif;om;awG” qdkjyD;txif tjrifao;cJ=h uayrJh
'DrsdK;qufopf ausmif;om;vli,fawGeJ@ tqufrjywf xdawG@cJh=uwJt h y,fc/H txkwcf H wdu k yf GJ0if
ausmif;om;a[mif;usaemfw@kd wawGtaeeJ@ qvdkif;&rf;vdefr_ef; udk,fwdkif aemufajymif toHk;jyKcJhwJh

 
pum;vH;k twdik ;f ajym&&if “&,fjcifw,fausmif;om;rsm;” &,fvdk@ wpfcgrS rxifcJhrd/ rjrifcJhrdyg? bmvdk@vJ
qdkawmh olwdk@eJ@ usaemfwdk@wawG[m &ifckefoHjcif; wxyfwnf; wlnDcJh=uvdk@ygbJ?

(2) “&d”a&uefxJu v_dif;*,ufuav;rsm;eJ htwl

xxx 'dk h &J hESpfvHk;om;[m “&d”a&uefi,feJ hwlayrJh xxx cHpm;cJh&wJh'dk h&J b
h 0uawmh/ xxx r%dyl&jrpfES,f xxx
1978 ckESpf (30) ESpfajrmuf csif;trsdK;om;ae@ tzGifhoDcsif;udk qvdkif;&rf;vdefr_ef;eJ@ usaemftwl wuG
a&;oDzGJ@ qdkcJh=u&mrSm oluom,mjidrf;csrf;r_udk vdkvm;wJh/ csif;jynfolawG&J vSywJhESvHk;om;udk csif;jynfrSm
&SdwJh toJESvHk;yHkaqmif obm0 “&d” a&tdkifi,fuav;eJ@ Oypmwifpm;jyD; &ifckefcJhw,f?
'Dvvkd yS wJh ESvHk;om;wdk@udk ydkifqdkif=uvifhupm;/ csif;jynfolawG&J@ b0[m vSyom,mw,f&,fv@kd r&Scd Jh/
“r%dy&l jrpf” vdb k J =urf;wrf;cufxefwJh b0c&D;udak vsmufae&qJjzpfw,f qdkwmudkxyfqifhjyD; usaemfh&J h
&ifckefoHeJ@ jznfhpGufaxmuful aygif;pyfvdkufwt Jh cgrmS “awmifZvyfajr. &ifcek o
f ”H qdw
k hJ aw;uAsmav;
wpfy'k f arG;zGm;cJh&ygw,f?
aw;uAsmav;&J@ oHpOfaw;oGm;udk qvdkif; o$atmif “t&kdif;ajrrS awmifyefav;rsm;” eJ@ aemufcH
aw;*Dw tpDtpOfudk qvdkif; Zmvsef; “The Aces” wdk@uyg0if cs,fr_ef;cJh=uygw,f?
“jidrf;csrf;a&;twGuf cdkifcdkifcef@cef@&yfwnfcJhwJh xxx 'dk@&J@ordkif; 'DtpOftvmaumif;awG/ xdef;odrf;&if;
xxx

om,mawmhrJh b0opfqDudk xxx tm;rmefopfawGeJ havsmufvSrf;r,f?”

'Daw;uAsmav; arG;zGm;&SifoefcJhjyD; tm;rmefopfawGavmif;cJah yrJh/ q,fpkESpfoHk;ckudkausmfv$m; jzwfoef;cJh
wJt h csed rf mS vnf;/ usaemfw@kd cspw
f Jh csif;jynfolawG&J@b0[m bmrSxl;jcm;rvmwJhtjyif ydkvdk@awmif qdk;0g;
cJ&h jyD; 'DtjzpfoepfawGukd awG;rdwdkif;/ csif;jynfolkawG&J@ ESvHk;om; “&d” a&uefi,fuav;xJrmS a'gov_id ;f
wefbdk;awG[m abmifbifv_yfcg/ jrnf[D;/ &dkufcwfaeqJyg?
“&d”xJudk “r%dyl&jrpf” jzwfoef;wdkif; xxx &ku
xxx d cf wfwJh vd_if;wHydk;oHrsm;[m xxx rjrif&ao;wJh
om,mawmhrJh b0opfudk/ =um;a,mifap/ jrifa,mifapcJhw,f xxx
qvdkif;&rfvdefr_ef; wpfa,muf xm0&tdyfpuftem;,loGm;cJhayrJh olcspw
f Jh “awmifZvyfajr” uawmh
“&ifckefoH” rqJ/ “rjrif&ao;wJh om,mawmhrJh b0opf” qDudk OD;wnfjyD; nnf;wGm;tm;,l/ &kef;uef
avsmufvSrf;aeqJyg?

(3) tawG;tac:opf awmfvSefa&;&J h v_dif;*,ufav;rsm;eJ htwl

1977-78 wuUodkvfrsm;&efukef/ csif;r*~Zif;&J@ xkwfa0oltjzpf twdwfeJ@ rwlwrl xl;jcm;wJh csif;r*~Zif;
udkxkwfa0EkdifcJhw,f? umwGef;q&m yef;csDq&mrsm;jzpf=uwJh vla&Sawmifwef; qvdkif;rdk;,OfoJ&m/ jidrf;jidrf;
pwJh vli,frsdK;qufopfawGudkpnf;&kH;jyD;/ tawG;tjrifopfawGudk tEkynm/ pmaya&;om;[ef/ yef;csD/

 
umwGef; o&kyfaz: axmifhaygif;pHkrS opfqef;ajymif;vJapcJhwJhtjyif csif;rsdK; qufopfawGudk wyfvSef@v_yfESd;
cJhol[m qvdkif;&rf;vdefr_ef; bJjzpfygw,f? csif;pmaya&;&m/ tEkynmeJ@ tawG;tac:ydkif;rSm usaemfwdk@
arhaysmufvdk@ r&wJh yk*~dKvfwpfOD;tjzpf todtrSwf jyK& rSmygbJ? txl;ojzifh r*~Zif;udk ydkpwmuyf
a=umfjim&mrSm qvkdif;tdkufaqG (yvuf0) &J@ “&kd;rudk awmfvSef=updk@” aqmif;yg;eJ@ rD;armif;xdk;ay;cJhjyD;/
pmzwfow l @kd &ifuv dk y_ cf gapcJhw,f? tJ'Daqmif;yg; rSmpma&;olu a&S;csif;bdk;ab;wdk@&J@ wpfrdsK;wpfEG,f
xnf;b0/ csif;wdk@ Xmae&kd;rawmifwef;=uD;&J@ tvSusufoa&eJ@ 'D&dk;rawmifwef;=uD;&J@ vl@pdwfESvHk;udk
pGJvef;r_jzpfapEkdifwJh pGrf;yum;awGa=umifh usaemfwdk@&J@ a&S;csif; bdk;ab;wdk@u 'D&dk;rawmifwef;=uD;udk csif;wdk@
Xmaetjzpf a&G;cs,fcJh[efwl a=umif;/ ponfjzifhed'gef;ysdK;cJhjyD;/ aemifESpfaygif;&Snf=umvmwJhtcgrSm tkyfpk
awGuJjG yD;/ ol@&J@rufarmbG,f/ &ifoyf&_armbG,f/ tvSusufoa&awGudk pGJvef;r_a=umifh 'D&dk;r awmifwef;
=uD;tESH@jzef@usuf aexdkifcJhayrJh/ tuGJuGJtjym;jym;jzpfoGm;=uwJh rsdK;csif;nDtpfudkawGudk “vlpdrf;yrm”
jzpfvm=uatmif/ tvG,fwuljyefvnf rqkHpnf;Edkifatmif 'D&dk;rawmifwef;=uD; uyJ[ef@wm;pnf;jcm;cJhykH/
rsKd ; csi;f nDtpfuw kd @kd uGJjym;ap cJhwJht&if;tjrpf w&m;cHudk pm&;ol qvkdif; tdkufaqG (yvuf0) u
atmufyg twdkif;az:jycJhygw,f?
“xdkodk h/ rvdkvm;tyfaom jzpf&yfrsm;jzpfvm&jcif;. t"duta=umif;&if;udkavhvmv#if xdkodk@ jzpf&yf
rsm;jzpfvmatmif csif;trsdK;om;. wrif=uHpvkyfaqmifjcif;um; vHk;0r[kwfay? aocsm*% avhvmv#if
ta=umif;&if;trSef &mZ0wfaumifum; aumufuspfI tqif;rvSaom twGif;o&kyf oabm0g'qdk;udk
usio hf ;kH onfh &k;d ryif jzpfayawmhonf?” .............
&k;d r&J@ 0g'qdk;udkawmfvSef=uzdk@ qvkdif;tdkufaqG (yvuf0) &J@ wdkufyJaG c:oH[m csif;r*~if;uaewqifh jyef@ESH@
cJhjyD; em;qifolwdk@=um;&/ ESvHk;om;&SdwJh rsdK;qufopfwdk@ udk&ifckefcJh=u&ygw,f? qvkdif; tdkufaqG (yvuf0)
u qufvufaz:jy&mrSm “&kd;r. 0g'qdk;udkawmfvSefzdk@ vufeufum;/ ypfazgufEdkifaom vufeuf
rsKd ;r[kw?f pdwf"mwfomjzpfonf? &Dae;qef; uJhodk@aom Om%fopfavmif; tawG;tac: ajymif;vJonfh
awmfvSefa&; udkomqifEJGzdk@vdkonf”
oufrJh/ &kyf0wˆKypPnf;jzpfwJh “&kd;r” udk &efoltjzpfjypfrSwfxm;jyD; awmfvSefjcm;em;=uzdk@ wdkufyJaG c: cJh&mrSm
qvkdif;tdkufaqG (yvuf0) [m trSefrSmawmh usaemfwdk@wawG&J@ tawG;tac:awGxJrSm rsdK;EG,fa'o
cGJjcm;wwfwJh nOfqdk;tawG;tac: a[mif;awGudk “&kd;r” eJ@ wifpm;jyD; tawG;tac:opf awGeJ@ tpm;
xd;k umawmfveS af jymif;vJjypfzdk@ wdkufyGJac:vdkufwmjzpfa=umif; usaemfwdk@ eufeuf&_dif;&_dif; em;vnf
oabmaygufcJh=uygw,f?
1973 ckESpf &efukefwuUodkvfausmif;y&0keftwGif;rSm pwifoaE<wnfcJhjyD; a'opGJ pdwf"mwfa[mif;
tawG;tac:a[mif;awGudk Om%fopfavmif;tawG;tac:ajymif;zdk@ &nf&G,fjyD; ay:aygufcJhwJh “qvdkif;rdkif
v_yf&Sm;r_” [m vl@ordkif;wavsmufrSm ay:xGef;cJhwJhtawG;tac:opf awmfvSefa&;wdk@ &J@ xHk;eJ@tnD rvGJ
ra&Smifom tauG@taumuf txpftaighawGeJ@ =uHKawG@cJh&ygw,f? 1974/ 75/ 76 rkew f ikd ;f rsm;

 
jyif;xefaecsed rf mS wdu
k yf JaG wG&J@ t&Sdeft[kefeJ@twl wuUodkvfausmif;awGudkvnf; ppftkyfpku ydwfcsD
wpfvSnfh zGifhcsD wpfvSnfh vkyfaecJhawmh “qvdkif;rdkif v_yf&Sm;r_” &J@ t&Sdeft[kef [m wkef@aES;cJh&w,f?
1976 tvGef'Dbufydkif;udka&mufvmwJhtcsdefrSmawmh“qvdkif;rdkif v_yf&Sm;r_”[m qvdkif;&rf;vdefr_ef; wdk hvdk
“zl;yGifha0qmvsuf&SdaomyGifhopfyef;uav;rsm;”eJ htwl tawG;tac: opf awmf vSefa&; v_yf&Sm;r_
toGiu f kd yDyjD yifjyifaqmifvmcJhw,f? “qvdkif;rdkif tawG;tac:” “qvdkif;rdkif pmay” pwJh taxmuf
tulawG &,lcJhjyD;/ txl;ojzifh “cp,” twGif;a&;rSL; wpfOD; jzpfcJhwJh ausmif;om; acgif;aqmif qvdik ;f
wifarmifOD; udkppftkyfpku =udK;ay;owfjzwfcJhwJh aemuf ydkif;rSm “qvdkif;rdkif v_yf&Sm;r_” [mydkjyD;
tm;aumif; cJyh gw,f?
qvkdif;tdkufaqG (yvuf0) &J@ “&kd;rudk awmfvSef=updk@”aqmif;yg;[mvJ vli,frsdK;qufopfawGudk
topfwpfzefjyefvnfvy_ Ef ;dS vdu k jf yD; “qvdik f;rdkifv_yf&Sm;r_”r_ukd rukerf crf;Edik w
f Jh cGeftm;topf awGeJ@
axmuful tm;jznfhay;EdkifcJhygw,f? tm;opfavmif;vmwJh “qvdkif;rdkifv_yf&Sm;r_” [m vJ rsdK;EG,f/ a'o/
jrdKhe,ftp&SdwJh pnf;&kd;awGudk jzwfoef;ausmfv¸m; EkdifcJhygw,f? tJ'DumvrSm qvdkif; &rf;vdefr_ef; [m ol@&J@
pl;&SxufrsufwJh t,ltqawGeJ@ aygif;pyfjyD; tawG;tac:opf awmfvSefa&; &J@ v_dif;*,ufav;rsm;eJ@ twl
xdyfqHk;rSmyg0ifOD; aqmifcJhwm jzpfyg w,f?

(4) &Spfav;vHk; 'Drdkua&pD awmfvSefa&;=uD;&J hv_dif;*,ufav;rsm;eJ htwl

&Spfav;vHk;'Drdkua&pD awmfvSefa&;}uD; ay:aygufvm+yD; or*~awGudk,fpDzGJ@pnf;=uwJh tcsdefrSm qvdkif;
&rfved rf e_ ;f [m wcsdefu “cp,”  twGif;a&;rSL;wpfOD;jzpfcJhwJh tjrifhysHatmufcsif;iSuf wefeefvsef;xef
(,ck Chin Forum) OuUX tjzpfOD;aqmif+yD;/ a'gufwm qvdkif;vsefr_ef;/ qvdkif;idkifpyf/ wefxefvsefaygif (,ck 
ZNC)/ q&m¶kdZxef; (,ck ZORO) / qvdi k ;f eD;vse/f ysaH v;vse/f qvdik f; tmvfaxmif; (csif;trsKd;om;
wyfrawmfusqHk;)/ 0kefZaygif/ *ifurf;vsef/ edrfa[mufuif;/ iGef;avGxef; tp&SdwJh csif;acgif;aqmif awGeJ@
twl csi;f trsKd ;om;or*~ (Chin  National  Union‐CNU) udk yg0ifxlaxmifcJhw,f?  CNU  &J@ tvH atmufrSm
jynfolvlxkeJ@ twl &Spfav;vHk;ta&;awmfykH}uD;udk tifwdkuftm;wdkuf yg0ifqifE$JcJhygw,f?
olyg0ifxlaxmifcJhwJh csif;trsdK;om;or*~ (Chin National Union‐CNU) [m 1962 ESpfaemufydkif;rSm ay:ayguf
cJhwJh csif;EkdifiHa&;tzGJ@tpnf;awGxJrmS yxrOD;qH;k taeeJ@ csif;wrsdK;om;vHk;udk udk,fpm;jyKwJh tzGJ@tpnf;
wpfcjk zpfygw,f? qvdik ;f &rfvdefr_ef; [m tJ'Dumvu 0g&ifh cGyfa'gif;&Jabmf udkae0if;armfeJ@ tjcm;
cGyfa'gif; &Jabmfw@kd eJ@vnf; vufwJ+G yD; ta&;awmfy=kH uD; atmifjrifa&;twGuf wdkufyGJ0ifcJhw,f?
csif;trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf (Chin National League for Democracy – CNLD) xlaxmifawmhvnf; qvdkif;
&rfvdefr_ef;u OuUX/ wuUodkvf ausmif;om;b0 wav#mufvkH; vufwJcG Jh=u+yD;/ “cp,” twGif;a&;rSL;
wpfOD;vnf; jzpfcJhwJh tjrifhysHatmufcsif;iSuf a'gufwmqvdkif;vsefr_ef;u taxGaxG twGif;a&;rSL;tjzpf
wm0efxrf;aqmifcJh=u+yD;/ yl;usif&Sif;xef (,ck  ZNC, CRPP)/ yl;xefvsef;aygif/ yl;vseftkyf (,ck Chin Forum)
tp&SdwJh 0g&ifh csif;EkdifiHa&; acgif;aqmifrsm;eJ@ vufwJjG zpfcJh=uygw,f?
4

 
United  Nationalities  Leagues  for  Democracy  (UNLD)  udk
xlaxmifawmhvJ qvdkif; &rfvdefr_ef;eJ@ a'guw f m
qvdik ;f vsefr_e;f qmacgi;f (,ck Chin  Forum,  ENC) wd@k [m t"dutcrf;u¾uae yg0ifco Jh rl sm;
jzpf=uygw,f? olwdk@[m &Spfav;vHk;rsdK;qufopfrsm;tjzpfeJ@ wdkufyJG0ifcJh=ujyD;/ 'kwd,t=udrf vGwfvyfa&;
wduk yf J&G @J acgif;aqmif a':atmifqef;pk=unf pwJhacgif;aqmifrsm;eJ@vnf; vufwJcG Jh=uw,f?
qvdkif; &rfvdefr_ef;eJ@ a'gufwm qvdkif; vsefr_ef; wdk@vdk 1974/ 75/ 76 ckESpf wdkufyJGrsm;tvGef rsdK;qufawG
udk ppftkyfpku a'oaumvdyf (Regional  College) awGtopfzGifhjyD;/ ausmif;om;rsdK;qufa[mif;awGeJ@
vlpkcJcG JhayrJ/h awmfveS af om ausmif;om;wd@k &J@ tpOftvm[m aysmufuG,f&kd;xHk;pHr&SdcJhyg? &Spfav;vHk;
rsdK;qufopfrsm; tjzpfeJ@ jynfwGif;rSma&m EdkifiHwumrSmyg 'Dru kd a&pDta&;awmfy=kH uD;rSm/ qufvufjyD;
wdu k yf JG0ifcJh =u/ wdkufyJG0ifaeqJjzpf ygw,f?
wdkif;&if;om; ygwDawGudk ppftkyfpku vdkufvHESdyfuGyf+yD;/ csif;acgif;aqmifrsm; jynfyudkwdrf;a&Smif cJ=h u&um/
qvdkif;&rf;vdefr_ef;[m ylusif&Sif;xef tp&SdwJhacgif;aqmifrsm;eJ@ jynfwGif;rSm usef&pfcJh+yD; qufvuf wdkufyJG
0ifcJhygw,f?
'DZifbmv (18) &ufae@ 2005/ rSm qvdkif;&rfvdefr_ef;[m olcspfwJhol@ rdom;pk/ csif;vlrsKd;eJ@ csi;f &k;d r
awmifwef;=uD;udk E_wfrqufyJ&w
k w
f &ufpeG @f cmG cJhw,f? ol usaemfwdk@udk pGef@cGmcJhwm wpfESpfwif;wif;
jynfhcJhayrJh .....
awmifZvyfyef; eDeDav;awG&,f/ cspfp&mh “&d”a&uefi,fav;&,f &Sdaeao;oa&G h/ jrifhrm; cef@nm;vSwJh
taemuf&kd;r awmifausmf wpfavsmufrSm tjrifhysH atmufcsif;iSufawG av[kefpD;ysHoef; ae=uao;
oa&G@awmh/ qvdkif; &rfvdefr_ef;&J@ &ifckefoHawGudk usaemfwdk@ =um;ae=u &OD;rSmyg?

-- jyD; --

rSwfcsuf? Taqmif;yg;udk qvdkif;&rfvdefre_ ;f trSww

f &tjzpf 'DZifbmv (18) &ufae@ 2006 wGif
xkwfv¸ifh&ef &nf&G,fcJhaomfvnf; rv¸Jr&Smifomaom ema&;upPwpfcka=umifh tcsdefrSDrjyD;jywf EdkifcJhyJ/
tcsdefvGefrS xkwfv¸ifh&ygonf?

aus;Zl;wifpum;? Taqmif;yg;udk wnf;jzwfay;onfh  Julia Man Ngaih Hau  ESifh Salai Ngun C. Lian wd@k tm;

aus;Zl;wifa=umif; rSwfwrf;wiftyfygonf?

 
Standing from Left to Right: Salai Sing Nang, A Kuki student leader, Salai Ram Ling Hmung, ???, ??? , Salai 
Suanpi, Salai Cung Nung, the late Salai Sun Ceu.  

Sitting from Left to Right: Salai Lang Za Thang (A Kuki leader), Salai Kipp Kho Lian, Salai Za Kung, Salai Khai 
Do Pau, Salai Lian Cin Mang, the late  Salai AL Thang.  

Absentee: Salai Ral Kap Thanga  

Note:  The  photo  was  taken  in  1977  or  1978  at  Tahan  during  an  unofficial  Salai  Mai  Seminar  organized  by 
Salai Ram Ling Hmung.