Professional Documents
Culture Documents
issue No (1265)
c 67000 aJ dG
zVQCG YS{ `a Gh
06 ........................
j zYGQdG dG{ hU
dG dG YO fl
05 ........................
fdG - e
S H SHb dG dG MU IM H
FdG ea EG J bH ` ``YQh G M ` G
``` dG `` c`` G `````e ``` d``J ````S``` h``` ` S``c ``` H
```UCGh fJ ```d``N ``Y a ```d``L `` YCG ```dG```SC
jdG G``` SCG dG IO```b adH ``d ``J````eCG
jdG H bGdG bdh Q``gORGh dG e j
q CG cdH jG .dhdG dG h dG je Y
SDe J EG J ;2010 Y fG dG IFG
Jh ``` FGOCG ``j```J YQd ``U``Gh ```dG ``Y````dG
jdGh IjG bdG jQG J ``N e JeN
eG Yf EG kS fhdEG Je G
j H dY IAch IOH JGAGLEG Jh fhdEG
05 .dG G edG gGh dG e cCG GkQb
..
www.alroya.info
MhQ T jh dGSC dG cG j dG dL
ddG IQhdG
U 24
jDhdG - e
,GRH hGc a dG U eG J g J
SHb dG I``F``L UJ ``Y d kU Gk` D` e
M ,2014 ```d ```fh```dEG ```e```G ``e``G IO``LE` d
f I``F``G UJ ``Y `````dG ``D` G ``N S
AdG J fL EG ,a IjG dG ``YEGh HGdG
jdG FQ dG jG
FdG M
info@alroya.info
{ ``jDh``dG{ Yh.JG b
dG H G hCG QG CG
edG eG Y AdG S
REG b jQGh ,dG d
``` ` ` JG``` SGh `` ` `` `dG G`` ` g
````dG ````H A``` JQ``d IQGR`` ` dG
N NOEH IjG GQdG X
,jG S e jL eN
``fG``G ```b Q``fi hS a
`````JG```SG ``j``` ` dG hD` `` `` `dGh
. jdG fGG jJ IQGRdG
```H``dG ``` ````b``f `` dP EG
dG ````dGh dGh
AfEG e ,eCG U iQdG
dG OS - jDhdG
iQ``` ` dG ``` ` ````````j
HdGh IY SOdG L
``` ` ` dG O`` `` ` ` ` fG Qh`` ` ` d I`` ` `` `Y
``e 2014-2013 `` `` ` d `` `d`` `` ` dG
``e``j ```````d ``` H``` ` dG I`` ` `dG
e ,G A``` HQCGh A``K```dG
dG fi H MCG QcdG
A`` ` `dE `` ` `` `JGh ``` ` dG `` ` jRh
`` dGh `````G `` `eCG `` ` JQGRh ``` H
`` ` `bh `` ` `` `dG `` ` `b ``` ` ` ` ` ` S
```bh ``j````dG hD` ` ` dGh ``fG``G
EG aVEH G GdG hDT
JGMhh G d da ,AfCd
LCG dG ``aCG ``d``ch Q``G
```LE ````bCG ``G j ,```Y S
Z VG Y fFG afG
b U e H 20 dG GY G
VG NCG Yh .d G UCG
QYG dH edG Z dG e
O``Mh .`````H 30 EG `````fG S j
Ve d H 2^5 Y fG S
d `````H `````Nh OG`` ` aCG ``e ````e ``Z
.dG e Ve
11
jDhdG - e
IjL SCG dG cG dG Vh
Z ```Y `````d ```f````FG ``a`````f``d
```eCGh ,Q````H ``YO``G G`` `eCGh G
YGdG ```d ed ````TCG S ````dG
H IG ``g JCJh .SQe 31 e GkA``H
````````dG ``` ` ` dGh ``e``` G `````T CG
```J `` G QG`````S``d ``` ```````dG
aG G```SCG WG IQGOEGh bGe
R``jhQ dch f Mh .dSCGdGh
jDhdG - e
Y FGSEG GG He aGS
J dG G H dG KOfi j
bh .2015 ``Y M gQGSGh jHCG 29
EG ````SG ``Y dG ``Y ```W ``dG Q````G
bdG SdG j SG
SDG AH hCG UG AdG Yhe hCG
VhG QT NBG hDe bh .edG
c SS S FGSEG eG q EG
eG AdG b j a dG
.HdG dG
q
zSSG U{ V WG d j FGSEG MG
cdG -UGY
j e q EG fEG QdG UG b
jQdG gCG G Gb T dCG 150 Y
bh .fG e K HGdG eY NO dG
jQS dG Ujh fjH ```eh UG
eCG hCG dG QOGh AdG e T Y
RjhQ -chH
`` fCG `` ` `eCG ``` ` ` WCG ``` ` T ``` M `` ` `YCG
e z``````dGh ``G h````dG ``c{ bS
dG Se z```MG{ H ShQ
.Vh fGchCG
jdG G LQN AGQRh QGdG JGh
G -SdG
jb ````FG```SEG ```M``H Qe c
Q FGSEG CG Y eCG dG KOfi e
WG AdG Y k FL Gk VJ
`` ``` dG ``` ` dG `` KO`` fi ``````J ``` d
.dG e jeCG WSH
dG FGSEG Ad G bdGh
J N ``e GkA``L S G HdG
``K``f``L ````FG```SEG ``S```S``G ``Y G`` `aEG
..`dG `d `j
TdG dU
MHCG OGDa
bhG gGR
dG fi .O
MGhdG Y
UhG S
dG jDhdG
eG aGGh dG dG he, jG S e
Rh e fdG Qh```U Y gaGJ j dG
AfEGh bdG FdG dG gCJh MdG
IQGRdG N EG QG Gg dG S c .jH fGe
HGdG dGh LhOe W EG jOMCG QGdG bd
.WdG dG cT J EG aVEH e W EG
EG ``j````dG hD` ` ` dGh ``fG``G ```b Q`` ````j a
IO``YEG X jdG hDdGh fGG d edG eG
dG A````e ``j````H ``````F``dG ``fG````d QGhOCG ``jR``J
``jh``M A ````jQ A````eh MS A ``` ``S``H``b
GSd QU Aeh YdG GSd bdG Aeh
fGG jJ IQGR``dG JGSG hS c ,QdG
Jh .OdG fGdG dG e j jdG
dG OS - jDhdG
IY ```SO````dG L iQ``` ` dG ```` j
-2013 ```d ``d```dG dG O````fG Qh``d IY HdGh
A```HQCGh AKdG ej d HdG IdG e 2014
dG jRh dG H MCG QcdG e ,G
S dGh G eCG ``JQGRh H AdE JGh
hDT ```bh jdG hD```dGh ``fG``G ```bh dG b
.JG b EG aVEH G GdG
dG ````H `````G hCG Q``` G CG { `` jDh`` dG{ ````Yh
b jQGh ,dG d edG eG Y AdG S
H AJQG IQGRdG JGSGh dG Gg REG
jL ``e``N ``N ``NOE` H I``j``G GQ````dG ``X dG
dG GdG
``a````dGh `` YEG ``` ```Y ,`` NBG ``f``L ``e
dG OfG Qhd edG QhdG YLG eCG iQdG
-2011) d HdG IdG e (2014/2013) ddG
FQ SSG H IOM IOS SFH (2015
.Xeh dG AYCG IOdG UCG QHh dG
``Y``` V``G `` e GkO`` ` Y ``` Y``` ` LG `` N ``` ` ` dG ``` ` b``fh
jQdG ``` G ``bGh ```V`` `````SGQO ``gR``HCG ``jQ````dGh
G`` dG ``` V``e C` ` ` H ``g``j``` Jh ,```````dG `` j`` KCGh
hGJ fb he e EG aVEH OG Z dG
eh FdG MGG EG dG a Uh dG eG
.G dG OfG QhO N G Y VY eG
UCG ``MCG ``e ```G ZH G``bG dG bf c
HCGh e eh aK fdU ebEG CH IOdG
dG dG QhdG EG IOdG UCG QTCG bh ,dM jCGQ
.adG ddG g H J CG G e
dG hG Y jH YLG N dG dGh
dG he b ``dPh dG dG HdG
G````H Q````U ```e``L ``e h````d``H `````G ````j `` dG
,zUG dG WGd Y Ua N ``j``{
dG G``gCGh gCGh hG Y If jdG b M
Cq G ``````Gh ``` O``cCG ``` VhCGh . EG j
Y Y MdG h``Y SCG SGQO EG j hG
fdG ```X``J ``eG````SG `````dh ``U``G ````dG
dG ``` jh .`````G ``` G ``N ``U``G ````dG
R``HCGh ,dG dG d ```dG dG ```SGQO Y
ZdG Y ``fCG MdG ``cCG c .LGJ dG jdG
M Vh EG J ```fCG EG ```O``cCG ```SGQ``dG ``c ``e
e `` bG`` dG `` `VQCG ``` Y ```````d ``` H``b `` `YOGQ ``` ` U``Jh
Sh .dGh SDG e dGh UGdG N
HdG SGQdGh GQOG Ff e IOSH SGQdG
d Yh Ie ``` Ud ```V``G G``g ``M
JGQSG AYCG W gH .G WdG dG
gCGh dG he M JMeh JMeh
H Jh Y Y MdG h``Y M J
Ua d MdG j H UG dG dG
.dG Gg dG
QhG fb he
iQdG ffdGh jdG dG Y c
OfG Qhd TdG QhdG YLG AKdG eCG U
,d HdG Id (2014/2013) ddG dG
QHh ,dG FQ G Z H S IOS SFH
LG Nh .Xeh dG AYCG IOdG UCG
QhG MCG H jJ fb he Y dG WG
q h ,eG e d G
N Vh Y JG
XdG j
U jdG OQGGh dG Y ,fK L e
dG OfG QhO ``e TdG YLG AKdG ```eCG
-2011) d HdG Id (2014/ 2013) ddG
FQ SdG H MCG IOS SFH (2015
.Xeh dG AYCG IOdG UCG QHh dG
fEG WdG dG FQ
zf```dG{`H dhD```e ````j
jDhdG - e
WdG dG FQ ejdG G Y H G dG
bEG I``j``G dc ``jQ``e IO````S ```eCG ````U ````fEG
dG QhJ dG jaCG Th ShCG dG e fd
JUNGh dG Y jJ If J AdG N iL .kdM
hdG LhCG be EG dG AdG N c dG gh
.dG M jM fdG e
QU H jQhG cG aG
fdG - QU
dH JGh dG IQGRh eb
cG H fdG Y WT ``e
T a QU L Y jQhG
c Qhe GQM H f dG WdG
cG fG gS dG eCG ,G
``` UG``Jh.Qh``G ````NG ``ah ``jQh``G
j M WdG QL AfEG IQGR``dG
QGhO Y NBG L AfEG Y kdM dG
L A````fEG j `` dGh ``F````dG ```a
(4) H G c GQM H Y
EG QU e ``jQh``G cG d ) c
VH ( dG ` QU)h ( UTh id
VH NGO cCGh IQM d e 3Q75
(3) VH ```LQ``N ``` cCGh ``e ( 1Q5 )
G SCG QGhO AfEG EG aVEH ,QeCG
AfEGh ,adG jQhG cG d
G`` J h````G ``M eN ``W
``` c`` `` bG`` eh ``j``` Yh ``````S I``` ` e
jdG ``j```Mh ```fh ,``a``Gh I`` LCG
`` jh`` Jh ,``` F``` dG `` e`` G `` ` N `` e
jQhG edG e aH jdG
````VQCG ````N```Th ```f```S``N ``LG``M ``e
QU L CG EG Qj .VQCG Nh
Y e WdG dG G g
JGh dG IQGRh eb dG QG
dG GQGh`` `dG `` gJh MaH
. kHS Y fc
QNCG
e a WT IOb Qhj dG G FQ
jDhdG - e
jDhdG - e
``H Uf ``H e SG
, ,``a``dG IQGR``H dG ``eCG SGdG
SH dH H hCG jdG ,eCG U
,jdG cJ jQH jdG Fb ZCG
.dM dG Qhj dG ,d aGG adGh
adG IQGRH dG eCG e MQ
s bh
O```J ```H```G `` N h ,``c``dG `````d``H
YVG e OY beh ,jOdG jOMCG
.fG H G gG GP
GY H cdG AGdG :HG M
fdG jdG Fb FdG N H
````Gh ,`````dG Q``` c ``e O`` Yh ,```f````dG
. cJ jQL IQH dG
`a Qj UGG
fEG SDe LG
jdH G GdG
fdG - e
G Y QcdG e eCG Ae OdG QOZ
YGPEd edG dG FQ UGG Uf H
;dG jdG ``dhO EG kLe jdGh
IQGOEG HQCGh HGdG LG cQd
hdG G GdG fEG SDe
YVG e Om Y Hh ,HdG G hd
GgCG J dG SDG H G
G ``G``dG ```fEG Nh SDG
dhDG e OY de aGj .G hO H
.dG dG YH
jDhdG - e
`` ` ` YEGh ``a``` ` dG ``` ``` Y
Qhd eG YLG ,eCG U ,dhdG
;eG IdG e ddG dG OfG
`````G ``` ` ``Y``` ` LG ``Y``` H `` ` dPh
```gG``HEG Q``` c``dG s ` ` G ```S``F``H ,``````d``H
QHh ,dG FQ dG O```M ``H
.dG AYCG eG
FfEG jQG Y RdGh fdG KCJ Y GV J G dG Gb cQCG SFQ ``f`dG ```j``dG ``F`b
,`` dP ``` Hh .`` `gQ`` `KBG `` e ``` ` d ``````dG
e ``SGh``dG ```Y ``H R`` Z Q```c``dG s` `b
eG SHb dG eL
fd h``dG LdhQdG efdG
,jQH I````G C` d ``H```dG (IHP)
fdG ``L``{ GH ;IV
Ho Y QSG GSH Y ``jOhCG
e s` ` ;z```aG```G ``e````G ```fh
bh ``` dG ``f``````dG `` gCG ``Y ```d``N
dG Y JGKCJh ,dHh dH
e ````H ``````dG `` ` `dGh ``` ` S``` SCG
.gWh JGKCJ
`````SCGh ``T````dG ``H ```a ``g```Hh
dG ie Y eG dBG M
Y R`` dGh fdG KCJ e d R`` dG e `` gCG ```d``N ``e h``` J dG eH RdG UQ ce je
H J Sh SSCG dGh jQG dG R`` `dG `` gCG ``Yh ``g``KC` J ``c``eCGh YGfCGh RdG{ GH IV SHb
.dG e Sj h dBG g e `` ` `dB Gh ```````dG `` e ``` d``H ``` bh ;z``gQ``` NCG ``e `` Gh ``` Kh``M `` c`` eCGh
jDhdG - e
``````dG G`` `b `` ` `cQCG ``` S``FQ ````f
cQCG FQ Ye e - G
hdHh -IQGOEd G dG Gb
,eCG Ae ,SHb dG eL ``e
G```V```G ``e ``Y``` ,`````dG O``` H
Y ``f``````dGh R`` `dG ``KC` J ``dh```J
eh SSCG o dGh FfEG jQG
,C` ` ` dG G`` g ``````G ``````dG G`` `b
dG eH RdG UQ ce QhOh
``M````Gh ``` SGQ``dG ``N ``e ``S``H``b
d ``c``G gj ```dG ````U```dGh
e Ol ``Y gM ..dG G
Gb e e dGh dG Qc
.G dG
G Y QcdG dCG ,jGdG h
jDhdG - e
a ,eCG U ,MG
d G dH ,IgdG
`` SQG`` ``j``` ` ` ` dG `` ` `H`` dG
hdH bCG ``dGh ,aG
23 I`` `` ` ` ` G AG`` ` ` `d IO`` ` ` ` `b `` ` H
H e H jjGh -````dG dG
``` ` ` ` dGh `` ` `H`` ` `d `` `e`` `` ` dG
`` `dPh ;I`` `g`` `` ` dG ``` a```
dU dG IOS jYQ
``` ` H``dG ``` ` ` S `` H `` ` jP `` H
G ``` dG CG`` H .`` Y Gh
G```Y ``` SQ`` ``` bCG `` `dGh
``` S``` SCG ```````d ``H``dG ``H
dG VQCG eh Sh dG bG GFGR
k 7334
GgG j dGh eG
a jKCGh adG MdG
;GdG Gg dUCH jdGh QX
dGh ``j````dG ``` YCG EG ```M
bGG g jQL GJ edGh
``jG G``W QGh```d ```HG``HCG J dG
.SG
dL Qe dG ``VQCG
a .```a````dG hD` ` ` ` d ``````dG
eh KCG dG e SG
.GFGR 4147 dG VQCG
KCG S e SG c
.GFGR 3187
Sh dG bGe s CG ``c``jo h
fdG - dU
``` ` ` dG `` ` `` `e QGhR O`` ` Y `` ` `H
eh dG ``VQCG eh ``KCG
VG SQe T KCG S
M `` dPh ;G`` ` FGRh ```F```S 7334
bGe I``FGO e IOQG``dG FMEG
jDhdG - e
```ZCG ````S``H ```d``H ```H hCG ``j```dG `` b
,``` j``` ` dG ``` c``J ``jQ``` ` ` H ``j``` ` dG `` F`` b
G``b IQ``j``H ,k``d``M dG Qh``j ``dG
AG``` dG ``` aG``jo ,`` ` eCG ```X ,``````G ``````dG
Fb FdG N ``H G```Y ```H ``c``dG
dSG ``ch ,fdG fdG jdG
FQ dG Q``M ``H O ``c``dG dG
cdG f j fo dG
jDhdG - e
H G``` Y ``` H ``c``dG AG``` dG ``````SG
jdG ``F``b `````F``dG G``` Y ``H N
,JG , ,fdG fdG
SH dH H hCG jdG ,eCG U
,jdG cJ jQH jdG Fb ZCG
.dM dG Qhj dG d aGG adGh
IO```b ```e ``c``dG `````dG ``` Uh i`` dh
e ```K OCG ,```f````dG fdG ``j````dG
ba aYh ,jdG dG SGG SM
S fdG fdG jdG Se
jdG Fb H hCG jdG b K ,dG
QHW e eeCG dG VGSH cdG
.SGG SM
G
343
278
156
143
136
110
98
66
34
33
14
1411
o G
2014 SQe d ad k ah OG
fEG
QcP
aG
109
234
WdG T a
117
161
e a
62
94
s NGdG a
49
94
WdG L a
47
89
QX a
39
71
s bdG T a
43
55
s bdG L a
27
39
IgdG a
16
18
dG a
7
26
SdG a
0
14
e a
516
895
LEG
* bH H Se H H
Y `
`e
e``````e O
O`` ` ` Lho `` s ` `` `gC
gGC
Y J Y Y MdG
,Yd kah gOGYCG aGJ
H ,``` J``gD` e ``` Y Ak `` ` `Hh
s G G j e H
GOGSGh GQ`` `` ` dGh
LM ``````d GQ`` `` ` Gh
e jda ;dG S
s dG `` `` ` SGQ`` `dG
jdG `` `NC` ` H `` ` `U`` Jo
QYG H s G Gh
.XdG Y
go ;`` ` `G `````S ``` ` a
GQG ``H``J ``s ```Y ``js ``` f
H ;H s dG dGh
u
YLG ``H```dG GP ```G Cs G ``
GQe J ,s YLG jYdGh ,dc{
Mo G GQ```e H .zYLG UGdG
H bdG GP H dG ``b``dGh
Y IQ`` `` ` dG GQ`` `` ` e ``s ` ` ` J z``` ` S``` ``c{
.HG SG
hCG ```S``d``c{ ````dG ``H```dG GP GQ``` G `` eCG
,zdG dCdG hCG MG eGQdG dG
,t dGh ,QaCG e edG GQe a
HdG IQGRH s G IQSGh LdG IFGO Ijoe *
edG idG d es dG dH HGh ,dGh jJh GQ``` G h````Jh ,``YG``HEG dGh
J ``` JEG ```Y IQ``` dG ```M ``e OG`` `aG ``H
eYEG FNEG*
* TdG Y H Ghe
dG SG TG CG H
``j```J ```Y (2013/32) ``bQ
UNH oG OG``G H
idG ``` ` ` d `` e`` ` dG ``` ` ` dG
S `t ```J ``` dGh ,``` e``` dG
Y eoe fH IYb OjEG
J dG edG idG
Ja aH Y ``Y MdG
edGh s dG Jjeh
G ````UCGh ,``Y````dG ``a``c
YQS ,I`` `G `` ` `YCGh ,`` ` Gh
edG i```dG d ``es ```dG dG
N e ;dG SG e J
gcP ```Y ``JC```S ```dG GAG`` ` LEG ``e ``j```dG
.kYJ
GAd ``f``` H I``Y``b A``` H ```Y `````dG o````J ```M
,Y `` Y ``` M``` dG ``a``` d ``` e``` T ``s ` ` W``dG G`` ` `Gh
fdG Y ```h ,oG ``Y````dG ```e```dGh
GQGh ,HdG G``G :M e ;s dGh s dG
NQh ,s dhdG Nt dGh ,s jQdG GQhs` dGh ,s dG
IOSG eCG s J e e dEG LdG H ;IOdG
dG J c ..oG s WdG G QOGdG J e
bGh Y bd eRdG MoGh SGQudH dG Y
.oG YdG dG
UG dG hDT IFGO sMU SH dG reb ...
YCGh ``Gh G UCG ``e ```WG``oG J d
oG Z sjObG fCG Qj e ch ,UG
SS ``j```Jh , uoe ``f```H I``Y```d ```U``dG S
IOSG cCG h ,sWdG sjdG OQGG d dG
ObG
IFL e HGdG dG UJ Y dG .. dG
fhdEG eG eG `a IOLEd SHb dG
dG dG YO j dGh YGQdG dG hU
jDhdG - e
jDhdG - e
dG U eG J g J
d k U Gk ` D` e ,GR``H hG``c ```a
IOLEd SHb dG IFL UJ Y
,2014 d fhdEG eG eG
UJ Y dG DG N S M
dG `` YEGh ```HG``dG f I``F``G
Y AdG J fL EG ,a IjG
.dhdG dG h dG je
fG ```dG I``F``G qCG ``c``d``H ``j``G
SDe J EG ```J ;2010 ``Y
``` JGAG``LEG ``````Jh ``` fh``` dEG ``e``G jJ YQd UGh dG YdG
GQk `` b `````j ``` ` H ``` d``Y IA`` ` `ch IO`` ` H J `` N ``e ```J``e``N ``````Jh `` ` `FGOCG
G edG gGh dG ``e ``cCG G jdGh IjG bdG jQG
.dG Yf EG kS fhdEG Je
jDhdG - e
Y IQOdG FMEG VhCG
,eGh AMEd WdG cG
SG ``` c``G ``eC` J ``F``Kh CG
%88^5 bGH hCG JG MH
eCdG G``fCG ad % 11^5 He
.iNCG
e ``Z``dG ```Y ``fCG EG Q``` TCGh
```dG `` FG`` G `` `M O`` Y `` ` `JQG
``jQ``h S B````e ``H``` UCG
OY qCG EG ,VG dG GdG
``` ` ` ` G ``` Y ``eC` ` dG `` F`` Kh
LEG H a ,He IOjR j
``c```T ``````G ``````G O`` Y
M FKh 14,009 G eCdG
``M O`` Y ``` H ````a ,2012 ``j``` f
dM 899 G G FGM
.dG f
``F``Kh O``Y ````T ,````U````dG h
kYJQG d G eCdG
h 2010 `` H I`` ` `dG `` N k` ` ` ` W
(14,009) 2012 ````H PEG 2012
bG j Mh .Y jQ je 8
H J dG IQ```G GR`` EG M EG
e dG iG Yh jdG G
jdG IQGOEG b ``e AGOCGh IA````dG
e dG G``gCG EG eJ dGh
.hdG fCG LCG
ObG
He
dG GQhG QSG Nj dG
ac ``````SG j ``e hCG I``e hC
EG Cj CG Y ,eG Ice OQh e
aQeh FeR hCG G hCG IG H
.G Gg S
OG``aC`d dG S ``j`` ``` dBG ``Mh
Q``a ``e eG ``eh fdG
MCG ``c e ``fCG JOS ```VhCG ,dG S
I``Y``b ````S``J ``g ````S```SCG ``` dG ``` ` SCG
eGH cQe jJh WGG e
S EG UdG e H a ,dG
QSG Y WGd Gk `a``M ``W
``NCG ```SGQO Y Ak ```H ``dPh ,````SCG
N dG SGQO e Q``eCG I``Y G
TCG 3 f EG aVEG ,edH VG dG
1^700 EG ``jQ 1^400 H ,``G dG e
jd feEG g J dHh ,jQ
qC Gf K ,dhGJ Se e YCH dG
H OG``aCG WGG d LM g
G dG S j CH QGdG a UN
dG e bCG d G MG g
SDG Me cG dEG Uh dG
dG QTCGh .jG Qch cdGh
,WGd ``jk `` ```j `````dG G``g qCG EG
``FG```dG ``e IO`````SG S `` fq CG Q````Y``H
e J ```dGh ,d `` HQCG ```jR``J Y
LQG cdG dG FGdG ``cCG
j GDS h .dG GQhCd e H
q Yh cdG ed M e J
VhCG ,e %51 f Y S fc GPEG
a e SCGj dG dG CG JOS
QG MCG -jDhdG
G ``fGOE` H ```eCG ```FG```HG G b
M M ,dG H OdG jb i``MEG ITdH
f J cT RdG H Se gh hCG G Y
dYh ``jQ ``dCG 100 eGdGh GS 3 I`` dH Y
W dM ``jQ ``dCG 100 ``aOh eY 25 I XdG e
dG ``j``G j ``dG ```dG ````G `` fGOEGh ,dd
dCG 150 Jh GS 3 dH jQd cdG cd
G Q``b ,G HdG H j ah ,``jQ
.dG G gb dG G IH AcG
dCG 30 H QJ ITQ Y H hCG G jOCGh
gJ dGh ,Y f J cT k Xe H ,jQ
jQd cdG cd dG jG dG G e
dYCG J jQd cdG cT YCG J He
V z`` ` ` S.O.hCG{ ````H ```Y ```f J ``c```T ``d````d
.eCG he
H dG LCJ G Q``b ,e S h
G dG Jh ,QG jHCG 27 jQJ EG fK b
f J cH ``j``G R``Z he ``j``e hCG
,hHJh SQ cd dG FdG dG Gh ,Y
SQ cH bGh YCG jJ je ddG Gh
b J hCG G EG Lh b dG AYOG ch .hHJh
he je H Y jQ dCG 76 H ITQ
H ,dG G e Y f J cH jG RZ
J He ``dPh ,ITdG b H ddG G b
he fehdEG h``H``Jh ```SQ cT ```YCG
f J ``c```T dd ````J ``dG ``j``G R``Z ```
.Y
AYOG eb Fe VY G HJ ,iNCG jb h
dGY A -jDhdG
dG TGQ /jJ
``eCG dG Uf ``H OS IOS ``cCG
dG ````FQ ``` d``G IQGR`` `H ``FG````dG ``Y
SCG eG M H d aGTEG
jJ EG ```j ````cG qCG fY cT
IYb SJh WGG i``d Q``NOG aK
.G
``J```Y `````U `` D` e `` N `` dP A`` L
fdG MG UJ Vd dG IQGRh
M ``e A``L ```j ``dG ````cG ``e
``` f``` ` dG `` ` `` `JG ``c``` T `` e`` ` `G
A````dG ``jG``H ``JO````S ``` VhCGh .z``` f``` Y{
J M a ,dG e GkOY
eG eb eY 2005 Y CGH cdG
````` ``` dG ``````M ``e ``` ``H 30 ````H
H eG J MG J h ,cdG
M ``e H 19 ``gQ``b i``NCG M
dG G efH e Ac cdG
.d GQk GSGh eG fG
GgCG e L g qCG dG ``cq CGh
M ``e A``L H eG QG``b AGQh
jG e SJ gCG e fY
cdG e SDGh OGaCG fdG
jJh ,JGSG gCG GP WdG
gJ dG G eGH cQe
QSG ge jJ fKh ,eG
AG`` KE ``k ` d``Kh ,``` W``dG O`````bG ````G
GQhCd e S Jh hGdG cM
Q``NOG aK jJ EG ``a```VE``H ,```d``G
jDhdG -e
G``` Y ``H `````S ``H ``` M ``` ` ` dG `` YQ
G TJ M N Gh Ff ,G
````j``dG ``W``` G A``H``` c ``c````d ``` ` e``G
gQT ``Y ````YCG ```dGh e a
q
(GS `r `` pY TdH)
```dG Gd ``j``G
``` Yo ``Y``` ` Uh IQ`` ` ``a``Z ``Y``` H `` `dPh
GY H SG dCGh .
efH q J ```dG cdG c dG
e ``gQG````e CG`````S ```dG ```a```dG ```d```a
a AMeh ,HOh ,H q K ,N jh
gQGe UGJh dP H QOd e
a ``e q``c cdG ReG We
```a``h ``` ` S``dGh ``` b``` ` dGh ``` ` NG``dG
jDhdG -Y
``` ` dG `````H ```````G ``j``` M ``Y``` L ``` ` UGh
``` ` ` d``H `` j`` Y`` ` `dG ``` J``` M `` ` `H ``` ` ` ` ` ` dG
H ``` ` G h``` ` dG Q`` `WEG `` dPh ,``` c``` ` ` SG
J Yh Y G j M Gh eG
SCG Y jJh ,eG e cG dhD
a OJ S aCGh fCG QN dG
.dG b e MGh dG dSCG
jdG d GS N b YG SCJh
jd af d YdG ddGh ``eG``dG e
A````SCG ``d``bh .G ```H j ```dG jdG ``e
```H ````````dG ``` ` dG ````c ``` j``N ``` ` ` S``G
ddG fdG Y AH :YG SDe i``MEGh
``dGh ,IG C` d edG G ``JQ```UCG ``dG
N e dG FdG H fQhS
M e .cdGh OGaCG cQe
````f ``` j``` J O`` ` `j `` e `` `gh ,``` ` ` e
Gd AHdG SG e adG LEG
IdG dG MU db ,fL e
G g f CG fj ,dP e
G FQ ,S BG T H fJ T G``gh ,dG e iG Gd
L `` Y HdH :``````d ``` f``` ` dG ``a```K ````f `````G O``` L `````j ```a
``d``H `` Y `` ` `YCG CG OhCG ``` f``` ` dG ``` ` ` dG
.TdG
ObG
QNCG
jDhdG - e
```Y````LG ````eC```d ``e``` dG `````dG Q``` ` J
G ``Y G dG ````dG ``Y````LG
``dPh ( ISSA) ``Y``` ` LG ``````d ``` dh``dG
UdG QG jHCG 2 EG 1 e IdG N
YLG g dG h ,L jjdG
H dG ``Y je dG Uf H dU
`````dG G`` ` eCG Q``````S `````dG `````dG ``` ` FQ
A``` SDhQ Q`````H ``Y``` ` LG ````Jh .``Y``` ` LG
M ,FYCG Lh dG dG ASDhQ G``fh
Y ``LQ``G ``Y```V``G ``e GO``Y ````LG T
efH ``fRG``e be :``gR``HCGh ``` YCG h``L
hCG LG g G``gh dG YLG ce fRGeh (2016 2014) Id G Y
```dh``dG `````G ````Jh ,2014 `` Y `` N ```d Y N beh ,````G SQd G
dG I``FG``dG G ``g YLG d
.d HdG dG dG
GQGOEGh `` ` chh ```e```G `````dG ``` ``` dG JYLG J dG g CG cdH jG
jDhdG - dG
g e aG `a QJ `dG
``edH ``G `FHdG ``HdG
G`` ` `Y `` ` H `` ` ` IO`` `` ` ` ` S `` ` `S`` F`` H
AHd edG dG FQ bhG
M ``H ```Y Q``` c``dG ``j````Yh ``` Gh
bd dG FQ Ye adG
GY ``H Nh G``D` Gh ```dh``dG
dGh dG hCG e SdG
.dH
``H``dG h``` ` e qCG ``c``d``H `` j`` G
``HQ EG ``` j ``` ` ` G ``F``H``` ` dG
AYCG hd FHdG bdG T
```d```dG ```Y IQ``` dG G``` a ```LG``
``W````MG ``````Jh ``FQ``` dG `` `G
``jO````YG ````h ``F``H````dG ```d```dG
h`` ` dG `` ` F`` H`` ` ` dG `` b`` ` `dG `` ` `f
jObG MGdG j AYCG
.FHdG OGeEG bKe Yjh
jDhdG - e
`````dG ``` ` ``` ` ` ` ` dG Q``` ` J
````aG ```M ``` Gh A``H`````d ``e```dG
hd FHdG HdG g e
``c``eh ```H```dG ````G h`` d h``` ` dG
ceh G ``H``dG H dG
dG Ae S ``dGh bdG IQ``
HdG H edG j A```HQCG
`````dG ``M``` U ``j``YQ `` ``jO``` ` ` dG
`````G `` ` eCG ``j``f `` H O``` ` S `` ` eCG
eCG e QMh ,H bdG
e O``Yh G hdG dG
AHdG hD```H ``dhD```Gh AGQR`` dG
.G hdG
``a``H ``` ` ` ` ` dG `` cQ`` ` `` `e ``` ` ` Jh
jDhdG e
```eCG ``` Gh A``H`````d ``e``` dG `````dG ``` ` YCG
``W```e EG `` ` G GOG`` ` ` eEG IO`` `Y `` Y A``K``` dG
OGhh jGh dG Mh TH jH WdG
UEG H ,e a e jH Y
FdG G````d ``j```Gh IQ`````G ```H``fCG
ODG G YCG e HdG hf H WdG
.FdG Gd
je G OM H dN SG VhCGh
OG bh Qa cG eN IFGO
bG EG dH G fdG ``a LJ
FdG ``G ``e jH ```Uh Y ```T``Hh
T EG IdH ```G ``e O```dG
YS M ```UEG Y SGh G jRJ
.KG j d e INCe
GOL ``H dG ja q CG EG G Q```TCGh
c ``fq EG M YS 48 N dG AfE Ic
.jCG HQCG YCG J CG QG e
feEGh OG ac dG S :``bh
je j dG AMCG Sh dPh
ZdG ``g Y Ak ```H :``bh ,G ``gC
WT IO```b ``e edG i```dG ``j``j``e f
SGh gGe d bdG L a
jdH dG IaGdG ddG V aSG
QTCGh ,d GaGh eY 357 V Y SCG
GaGh eY 25 dG H e CG EG gdG
cCGh , HQg eY 16 EG aVEH ,FKh hH
CG bdG H edG id ```dG ``j``G
J eY 316 gOYh WG dG H
``eEG G dG ``f``b ```MC d ```fCG
G Z e edG Y hCG dG jH
d EG ``a```VE``H ,````LCG ``e SG ```dG
MU J IQhH G QGR`` dG QG```dG
bJG hCG edG Y e QjEG d dG
.dG
e H CG J fCG EG gdG QTCGh
a e SD j V
jDhdG - dG
kG``ND` e ````d``H ``` FG``` HG `````G Q``` UCG
``c````dG ````f ``` ` j `````e `` fGOE` `H k` ` ` M
``dPh ,``` Y ``jQ ``dCG e ``MGh ``c H
IC` ` ` ` G Q`` ` N `` ` fh`` ` dEG I`` ` `LCG `` ` Hh ``V``` d
AGdG IQJa cdG SG cP dh ,jQdG
. G H hT OLhh
e iT OhQh EG dG UJ O```Jh
a G jM IQGOE e I``Y
```fh```dEG I``` LCG ```H ``c```T ```b ``M ````dG
R```L AG``` ` H ``` Y``` bEG `` dh`` h ``` H ``` ` J``H
de G IQjd Ye jh hdEG
h```e ```b ``e IQ`` jR `` ``bh ,R``` G Hd
jDhdG e
jjH edG i```dG IQGRh ```f
WT IOb e hdH bdG H edG
jH gGe M ,bdG L a
e O``Y Y AKdG eCG YH H L
``g``KEG ```Y `````Vh ,``j``d``H ````dG ``c````e
dG fbh ebEG fd kd kG``aGh 357
.d G jQGRdG GQGdGh
``Y ``j``e ````g``dG S ``H e ``` VhCGh
CG ```b````dG ``` L ```a``` ```e```dG i``` dG
MCG J Y jM edG idG IQGRh
GQG`` ` `dGh ``j``````dG ``FG``` dGh ``` ` dG ``f``b
G UGdG N eh ,H G jQGRdG
````H ``` e``` dG i``` ` d ``e``` dG ``j``j``G `` H
e ``Z``H ``j``j``G J ```WG``Gh bdG
```e```dG i``` dG ``e O`` Y ``LG``J ``Y ``` WG``G
``j``d``H ``c````G ``e O``Y ```d```G I``aG``dG
ObG
QNCG
dH SCd cG G S J H NG
q bh dGh
Y Y c Y bdG
KM dG HdG Y dGh ``M
HdG ```jO```J `````ch hCG ``H````dG
.eGh fdG
k G eG HdG Vh
H iL jC
Heh dG h``` dEG dH dG
dG d dG ej dG dG
VdGh RdGh dGh GfEG MGe fl
.dGh
``e``` dG `` j`` j`` G ``` ` ` ` G `` `b `` `bh
``gCG H ``````dG Q``````SGh ``j``````d
S dH J ```dG SSCG ````dG
dBG H bGh e SCd cG G
.dG J
eG dG ``H````dG ```d```a M
SCd cG G H dG dB
SGdG ```S ``H G Y ``H ```S SG
IQGR``H dG QSGh jdG ``Y je
``FGh``dG ``j``eh dG Ih``dGh ``YGQ``dG
dG QSGh jd edG ``j``j``G
Gh ````SCG jJ cT ``j``eh
````SC`d ``c``G ````G ``` S `````dGh
hdEG d IG cdG Gh
.SCG Qh SCG bfh dG
EG ``f````dG ```e``L G``` TEG ``h ````G ``a``dG ```j ```M ``d```G ````SG ``Y hD` ` ` G
d j h dGh dG HGH ```aO ```d ``a``d``H ``` ` jEG ``` ` G ``````Jh
````jEG ``e f J ```H EG dH J ```dGh dG Yh ``F```dG M
dG bGe ``Y hD```G Xd ``a``dG M ```a``dG H dG ```Y ```b
He j QH zadG{
hdG Vhd ed
jDhdG - dU
QH adG hU Vhd ed He AKdG eCG bCG
a adG hU a je G dG MCG H fi QH
H jObG MH dG Y H Sh SGhdG MCG H OYh QX
jQH eG EG ie Y bd HG agh .QH hdG
dBGh HGH jJ EG aVEG ,jQG J IQGOE gOGSGh eG
.OGdG ch adG hU b e G YdG
hU d dG jdG eGdG L H eG jQG YJh
jQdG `````fCG fl h IO`` jQh SCJh ``j```Jh OQ``e ``gh ,``a``dG
ShdG jQd O``fh G``D`Gh SG c YdG jQG GP
ed S ``c``e ``j```Jh ``UG``bCGh ``W```TCG ``LC`Jh d ``j````SGh
jQdG jQG e gZh
dH eG ZQh eG jQG G``fCG QJ g c M
.Ie Yf GP jQ IjL QaCG Nh
eG HdG J da Mh
SCd ``c``G G S J ```dB
S ``H `````S ``H ```M Q``` c``dG IO``` ` S
dG Ih`` dGh ``YGQ``dG IQGRh ch ```dG
eG HdG Th .dG Ih```d
NOh dG GN :Qhfi Y jQdG
``e G`` fEG Yh d dG
G dG dU SG e
M RdG Y h SCG T S
Y ``F```dG h````U ``e ````SCG jJ j
```LEG hdG Rh jh R```dG ``dh``W
IOL a jh kjJ c 60 EG 40 H
``jO`````dG ``` dG ````M ``gR``ah ``` ` SCG
``f````dG ``````J `````Yh ````d``H ``` U``G
``jO``` ` ` dG ``` f ``` ` ` Yh ``` a``dG `` j`` h
Yh jdG aZ EG R```dG e ``e
aZ e dG aO f j M VdG
FdG M JJh OGG MS EG jdG
Y `` ` WEG ``e h``` ` G ``````d `` `dPh
dG Yh ````SCG ``e VhG G`` fCG
OGG AH (``dG) dG Sh j M
QHh I``M Y ``F``H ```dh ```a``dG M
dG adG Yh e hCG kT FdG
Xd AGdG jEG H hG j
FdG G V fi
dG OhJ HdG jH
jDhdG - e
jDhdG - e
QU eH HdG SCG `a QJ ze S{
e a e JG RL 200 J zJG J{
dG dH jjL e J zUUdG{
TdG fi - e
da ```d``G GQhC` `d e ```S ``cQ```T
GQhCG ```S Q``````SG ``M ``Y```dG ``V```G
SCG jCG V QU eL f dGh dG
.(e) QT ed HdG
jYdG dG jRJ dG L N e q h
id ``jQ``NOEGh jQSG adG H UG
GQGUEG EG aVEH dG dG W ShCG
``jQ``` ` dG ``` ` ` ` ` Gh ``` g``` ``H ``` ` ` ` ` ` G
GQG```UEG Hh jdG dGh jObEGh
Gk ```bEG dG ```L Th .```F``G dG
SGh jT EG aVEH dG dG W e
M ,QU eH i``NCG dG W e
M jCG KK ie Y QGhdG GQSEG c
Y q dGh dG GQhCG S QSG c
jDhdG - e
e `` cCG ``` ` JG `````J ````g `````V
I```LCG H ```J e a ``fi 8
I`````e `` Z ``d``` f `` JG`` g I`` ` ` LCGh ``` M``d
(Ie I```LCG) OYd Hb ``Zh YdG
fi Y jQhdG dG M V dPh
H dG H J dG ddG JGdG H
,dG ``jhh afi fl QhO
VhG ``eG``` dEG ``e ``cC``dG ```H ``dPh
a kUN ,2008/8 bQ QGd kah Y
ILCG ec G ``g H j
cdH jG ,ILCd gOYGh JG
```Y```dG I``` ` ` e ``Z ``d``` f ``JG``g ``` H qCG
e aGJ fc ,QGd dfl j (IG)
.ILCG g d IG dhdG UGG
jDhdG - e
``c````dG `` cCG i`` `MEG ,Q``` ` ` d ``` U``` U``dG ``` ` YCG
WEG Y ,HdG G e QdH G
GY dG Ae PGPc dGh gdG GfG Y
QdG J ```M ,````dG ````dG ```e 30 H
``g``dG G``dC` H k` jh``j ``a``N``e ,``` G ```FGQ ``jQG```H
,``bG``dG jdG Q```MC`H deh G dGh
.QdG fi ``SG``Mh T J L d
Y kHS Iae dGh gdG GfG QY fch
JCjh .e 15 S GY Ice jY ``jR T
Y jh ,HdG G hO eGe ``WEG
edG e AG``LC`H Mj Na H gdG GfG
Qd ,OQ``dGh QgdH q J jdG JLQa ,`q `b``dGh
e cJ CG b edGh HGdG FGhQ EG
kGQT a dG GfG Y `` qeCG .O```dGh G
gRh MCG dGh dG e je H gadH
e QgdG EG QJ ,jdG LQdG JdG
e dDG IYdG LQO Jh ,SdG JLQO RJ dG dGh OQ``dGh SdG
Gj dGh gdG GfG Y qEa GHh .OdGh RQCG Nh GYdGh dG N
.ej e c Y YG J AVEG H dG IOdGh dG Y
jDhdG - e
````S```G `````L ``e O``` ` YG IO``` ` T ```Y ```f```Y `````M
jQd kY Ie cc (ACCA) jG ffdG
``d``ch ,`````G ````S```G `` ``` SQG``dG GQ``` e ``j```Jh
edG G ``j```Jh ``jQ```H J ``k ```Y Ie cc
YCc JdG iG cdG e c .SG
gCJh ``jQ``J IG cd G J
fY ```e``bCG ``dG G ``N R``EG G``g A``L .SG
```f``f```dG ````S```G ````` ``j``````dG A``` SDh``dG Q`````H
H CG dG jYQ dGH FdG G jG
jdG OQGG FQh IQGOEG Y SG MCG
dd dG FdG G S H W dG QHh
.cdH jdG dhDG e OYh fd
GY b dG OYG IOTh REG Gg Y Jh
M q EG :fH G dG Y je SG S H
``k ```Y ``````Gh O``` ` YG GO``` ` T ``e ``` dG G``g ```Y ```f```Y
jL R``EG g cd dG dhdG GOdG i``ME`c
cdG OL aJ f REG Gg AL bh ,cd j
Gh dGh SG edG UNh Xeh
kGe ,HG hdG ASGh cdH jdGh jQdG
jDhdG -e
jDhdG - e
,d dG dG Se AMEH SGeGQ c Y eb
KRInfra eco{ G````H jdG Y U A````fEG ``N ``e
bdG Y aG S ``M SdG Jh YJ ```H life
.Gh
SSCG dG Y dG FdG ,Qec a SCG q EG bh
YdG H eGdG e bk fG IQO```G A``L :``SG``eGQ c
g ```G IQ``f dCa .dG OQG`` Gh ```G Y ```G ``q ``gC`H
,Y S e jhGdG hdG Sh G J Y dCe
CG Yh ,G Y G c Y cCG cdG Y Lj ddh
bdG e N e IQOG NJh .eGSH kq Yh cCG f
YO LCG e eG G e cGdG feEG ,eGGh dqdG
dHh Gh bdG Y fEG N EG YGdG YG
d cQG jdG Y G YJh .d dG dG
LCG e like QR Y dG g J e ch .G Y H
q CG
jdG ``NBG Y ``WEG Y Gfj Ch YO cQG j
U J c .GfEG Q N e eGG H G
GY ,chQ dG jQdG ed He HGhQ jdG
gJ j He GQO jd kS ,G SDe f
Y VH SGeGQ c Y J ,f bdG h .kY
ILCG bdG SG Y a dG ``chQ e e SGh
SdG jH cdG GdG cDj ,SG aZ G
IQU J ,``dP Y eCG e I``MGh .G Y G gCH
dG e Y Jo dGh d jdG ``chQ e IOQ```dG G
ObG
G S
jQ e 36.8 J bdG dG
jQ 1.5 Y bj zf oY{
dG
SEG
0^100
0^100
0^100
0^100
0^100
0^100
0^100
0^100
0^100
0^100
0^100
0^100
0^100
0^100
0^100
0^100
0^100
0^100
0^100
0^100
0^100
0^100
0^100
0^100
0^100
0^100
0^100
0^100
0^100
0^100
0^100
0^100
0^100
0^100
0^100
0^100
0^100
bdG dG
VY NCG
W NCG
298,046,605^710
54,800,000^000
21,175,000^000
12,375,000^000
43,920,000^000
49,459,592^160
4,830,000^000
47,400,000^000
1,125,000,000^000
38,501,851^080
96,390,000^000
196,337,739^984
256,256,000^000
437,000,000^000
217,074,000^000
120,120,000^000
28,677,000^000
389,264,649^540
353,459,975^000
30,590,625^000
65,377,452^728
82,202,620^500
30,800,000^000
36,516,960^000
21,280,096^720
262,051,186^320
145,638,393^650
235,778,707^528
10,810,006^900
16,696,176^000
1,343,010,666^816
43,528,320^000
114,560,000^000
17,417,592^232
23,014,320^000
122,574,452^000
33,050,307^420
0^150
0^274
0^275
0^099
0^362
0^396
0^235
0^438
1^500
0^154
0^620
0^696
0^224
2^190
2^440
0^546
0^472
0^598
0^290
0^245
0^248
0^468
0^153
0^150
0^114
0^796
0^594
0^183
0^324
0^225
0^624
0^464
0^720
0^297
0^272
0^380
0^540
0^147
0^272
0^250
0^098
0^360
0^380
0^225
0^432
1^490
0^140
0^612
0^692
0^222
0^000
2^430
0^530
0^470
0^584
0^286
0^244
0^243
0^440
0^151
0^145
0^112
0^788
0^584
0^181
0^320
0^222
0^620
0^452
0^716
0^296
0^266
0^366
0^000
NGS
U
0^150
0^272
0^250
0^099
0^362
0^396
0^230
0^438
1^500
0^140
0^612
0^696
0^222
2^190
2^430
0^546
0^470
0^598
0^286
0^245
0^248
0^440
0^153
0^145
0^113
0^796
0^590
0^181
0^320
0^222
0^624
0^452
0^716
0^296
0^266
0^364
0^540
dG f
%
1^361
0^735
0^000
0^000
0^000
0^000
0^000
0^000
0^000
0^000
0^000
0^000
0^000
0^000
0^000
0^000
0^000
0^3330^3440^3970^4020^4200^6450^6900^8771^0001^0071^0871^2271^3331^8872^1372^7173^2683^2734^2115^923-
NGS
U
0^062
4^700
0^123
2^300
0^318
0^091
2^450
2^195
0^330
2^020
0^100
0^196
0^108
1^040
dG f
%
1^667
0^000
0^000
0^000
0^000
0^000
0^000
0^2270^5990^7440^9801^0051^8181^869-
dG
.Q
0^001
0^000
0^000
0^000
0^000
0^000
0^000
0^0050^0020^0150^0010^0020^0020^020-
NGS
U
0^101
0^106
0^106
dG f
%
0^000
0^000
0^000
dG
.Q
0^000
0^000
0^000
YCG
dG
dG
OdG
dG bQdG
0^150
0^276
0^250
0^099
0^374
0^396
0^230
0^438
1^500
0^140
0^612
0^696
0^225
2^190
2^430
0^546
0^472
0^600
0^290
0^257
0^248
0^476
0^156
0^145
0^115
0^796
0^590
0^183
0^324
0^225
0^636
0^462
0^716
0^300
0^266
0^380
0^540
10
92
1
9
175
2
1
1
91
1
1
5
9
2
1
4
6
14
6
286
2
6
18
6
56
10
6
23
3
15
159
11
5
46
4
5
3
1,095
14,081
380,484
927
17,573
586,675
24,913
1,150
438
1,654,185
8,148
19,951
35,983
95,196
10,523
1,215
4,058
1,345
105,819
93,563
1,666,638
1,488
36,018
46,719
3,051
87,278
62,319
111,089
120,989
5,220
54,696
2,283,250
6,305
15,441
183,103
2,926
5,230
6,004
7,753,989
94,205
1,391,131
3,707
177,500
1,602,922
62,911
5,000
1,000
1,103,622
58,199
32,600
51,700
424,540
4,805
500
7,444
2,852
176,775
322,639
6,648,382
6,000
76,123
303,263
21,115
769,741
78,491
188,286
665,851
16,172
246,800
3,649,534
13,744
21,565
618,473
11,000
14,340
11,126
18,884,058
37
Y S H SG JG H
jdGh GQSd Y
QX YCG
fdG SCG
HdG QGfCG
jjG d IjG
jhd `dhdG `G
eCd IG fdG
JEd fdG
jd IG
`fdG MG
ed dG
QU H
SCd jQ
fdG HdG YU
QSGh d dhdGQX
bd eda
SQdG
dG WdG dG
HdG GQeEGh Y
hGh Sd QL
HdG fhG
dG GQSd dhdG
jd LCJ
QSd jG
Y SG
eG`dG `d QGfCG
gCG dG
CG WdG
`SdG G
e H
fGG eN SDe
AcH QhH GcCG
QSG e G
HdG QSd bdG
ehG
ed IjG
LEG
dhGG
jRGG dG
dG
SEG
0^100
1^000
0^100
0^100
0^100
0^100
0^100
0^100
0^100
1^000
0^100
0^100
0^100
0^100
bdG dG
VY NCG
W NCG
5,185,000^000
25,641,630^200
20,500,000^410
138,175,125^000
25,440,000^000
138,000,000^000
125,000,000^000
208,525,000^000
445,956,415^048
190,914,390^000
101,000,000^000
5,910,000^000
10,800,000^000
31,500,000^000
0^062
5^170
0^123
2^400
0^310
0^092
2^450
2^200
0^332
2^025
0^100
0^198
0^111
1^070
0^060
4^700
0^122
2^255
0^300
0^091
0^000
2^100
0^330
2^020
0^098
0^195
0^108
1^040
HdG ZEG
ZEG S
fOCG
YCG
dG
dG
OdG
dG bQdG
0^060
4^700
0^123
2^255
0^318
0^092
2^500
2^200
0^334
2^015
0^102
0^199
0^110
1^070
0^061
4^700
0^123
2^255
0^318
0^092
2^500
2^195
0^332
2^000
0^101
0^197
0^108
1^050
0^060
4^700
0^122
2^300
0^318
0^090
2^450
2^195
0^330
2^000
0^100
0^194
0^108
1^040
0^062
4^700
0^125
2^300
0^318
0^093
2^450
2^200
0^332
2^020
0^102
0^203
0^108
1^085
22
1
19
1
1
11
2
3
15
10
7
33
3
21
149
25,941
216
21,156
2,300
95
12,264
4,981
219,750
180,995
36,292
12,323
28,441
594
45,505
590,853
423,200
46
172,005
1,000
300
132,869
2,033
100,000
545,231
18,130
122,055
144,679
5,500
43,307
1,710,355
14
AdG OGe YU
jdG dCd fdG
aJ jG
jd fdG dG
Sd fdG WdG
ihf H
Wd Y
`j`d f``dG T
QX H
dU QS
eSEG dG H
QSGh d WdG
eCd Y aJ
``WdG RdG
LEG
dhGG
HdG ZEG
ZEG S
fOCG
YCG
dG
dG
OdG
dG bQdG
0^103
0^106
0^105
0^103
0^106
0^105
0^101
0^106
0^105
0^101
0^106
0^106
1
2
32
35
30
2,055
227,608
229,693
300
19,384
2,166,046
2,185,730
3
LEG
54
Ie
24
e
27
Je
3
dG
1,279
bdG dG
14,175,733,089
hGdG b
8,574,534
dG f
0^500^250^690^460^37-
dG
34^2726^0256^4317^064^23-
HdG TDG
6,856^89
10,534^23
8,140^76
3,696^57
1,152^34
G TDG
6,822^62
10,508^21
8,084^33
3,679^51
1,148^11
fOCG
6,822^62
10,508^21
8,084^33
3,679^51
1,148^11
YCG
6,859^88
10,534^53
8,146^46
3,698^31
1,152^80
4^5 QU H GS
4^5 dG e H GS
4^5 e H GS
LEG
dhGG
hGdG cM LEG
dhGG dG GQhCG
22,780,143
GTDG
TDG
30 e S TDe
YdG TDe
G dG TDe
eG TDe
YdG dG TDe
dG f
(b)
55^84 %
24^55 %
0^48 %
19^12 %
dG f
(OY)
73^18 %
12^53 %
0^58 %
13^72 %
G hGJ
AGdG f
AGdG f
(OY)
(b)
78^28 %
85^22 %
5^60 %
4^15 %
0^95 %
1^22 %
15^17 %
9^41 %
GdG S
dG
SEG
0^100
0^100
0^100
bdG dG
VY NCG
W NCG
7,364,500^000
32,091,405^766
33,562,480^875
0^106
0^109
0^107
0^101
0^106
0^106
G
fY
N
Y
iNCG
YdG AGOCG
,G dG gcCG c YL H J MCG dG SG ,YdG iG Yh
TDG ZCGh ,Y H ac e S e H 12 TDG RdG K e H Ga e UN
YdG b eCG ,%0^7 LGJ Hh ZEG NBG f 8141 ie e Hg f 8084 Y G
NBG e fQe f 26 f IQH f 10508 ie EG UhCG bG VfG TDe S a
3680 ie Y eG TDe ZCG a ,HdG iG e bCG %0^25 h d ZG ie
a YdG dG TDe eCG .%0^46 LGJ Hh f 17`H HdG Ge e bCG gh f
.f 1148 ie EG %0^37 H H fGh ,f 4 N a dG e IOQGdG IdG
LGJ a dhGJ de ``bQh 51 UCG e G e HGQ a SCG 3 ``N ,LHh
.kS 27 QSCG
SCG FGb
dG f M HQ YCG dG GQhCG Fb hCG cG AdG OGe YU S ALh
EG d HdG S Y %1^7 IOjR f e IMGh H H dG JQG e dPh dG
bZEG JQG dGh ,S.H.SEG.JEG H d a IdG FdG dG cG eCG .jQ 0^061
Y ZEG EG dG UH jdGh GQSd Y S Jh ,%1^4 JQG H jQ 0^149 EG
.ZEG S NBG Y %0^7 IOjH jQ 0^274
ed IjG S SCGQ Y a ,dG dG H LGJ ``cCG SCG Fb ``eCG
0^364 Y ZCGh ehCG S fK A``Lh ,%5^9 VfG Hh ``jQ 0^540 ``ZEG S e
ddG cG HdG QSd bdG S A``Lh ,HdG S Y %4^2 VfG H ``jQ
ZH QSG e G S J ,%3^3 f e d ``jQ 0^266 S Y bZEH
a ,hG```dG b M e ```bEG ``cCG SCG CG M .%2^7 VfG Hh ``jQ 0^716 Y
e %26^6 H jQ e 2^28 G N Y hGdG b Hh e H S SCGQ Y
Y hGdG b Uhh HdG GQ``eGh Y S dG cG ALh ,hGdG b LG
ddG cG Mh ,hGdG LEG e jJ %19^4 e jQ e 1^7 f EG G N
S K ,LG e %19^3 Hh jQ e 1^65 H Y hGdG h Jd fdG S
jdGh GQSd Y S J ,%6^8 H jQ dCG 587 H hG``J H HdG QG``fCG
.LG e %4^4 H jQ dCG 380 eCG JhGJ b H dG
jG L
fY S cG ``H a ``H bY O``Lh ``Y ```eCG L ``dhG```G fH ````VhCGh
fY W e dG MH Gh OGaCG fdG jG EG M ;GTDG LGdGh
LG e %29^3 EG jG b f Uhh H f e YCG Jje f fc OdG
dG QSG EG H ,%22^2 Y WGG b e G f bJ a G N AGdG
OGaCGh SDe e c dG QSG je b Uh M Z e AGT cCG c
.FGT VGh g c dG QSG LJ ch ,jQ e 4^79 dG LEGh jQ e 6^71 EG
1^9 b e fdG Z iTG M d e cCG a ,dLEG dG Z QSG eCG
e 1^9 H H %44^2 H jQ e 3^78 dG b fc a %21^7 Hh jQ e
.jQ
dG AGOCG
%3^6 Hh f 257 e f 6857 ie Y SQe d 30 e S TDe ZCGh
fQe %1^82 JQG H f 1^152^34 YdG dG TDe H a Y HdG dG e fQe
SSG Y %23^8 H e jQ e 163 dG N hGdG b Hh ,HdG dG e
fG a ,``jQ e 213 EG hG```dG b a Uh ``dG jGa T e jT fQe
Z AGT b Hh ,jGa T Y %2^29 H LGe ``jQ Qe 14^21 EG bdG dG
U fGh %22^9 Hh jQ e 37^2 H bh %20^7 H jQ e 33^7 fdG
.jQ e 3^5 dG Z QSG
ObG
10
cdG -UGY
hQ`` ` ` dG ``` ` ` e ``` d``e AGQRh ``` ` LG
cJ CG ``b```G ``eh ,A``K```dG ```eCG ````KCG
dG `````G ``T````fG ```Y ```J``KO``
.IMG HhQhCG dG J
Q ```d```Uh i``d ``dhD` ` ` G ``` Yh
Ua Y KCG GDG Yb LG
PfG N e QKBG hO hG JdG
bdG ``e Q`` jCG ``j``e H ``G
bh .O``` dG ```jQ``J H ``jO`````bG
hQdG ``Y``` ````FQ ```````jO ``jh``L
bdG ``e IO`````SG G ``e CG ````YCG{
e ``e``f``dG J a .```d G
H eeCG GRe dd .je e M
ObG Qj c QYG NCd bdG
YCGh .GSCG J ch .dP EG eh
bdG G`` g ``e IO``` ` ` SG `````Y ````j `` fG
TfG CG`` Hh .z``F````dG QG``` dG P```JG ```b
dG ``N hQ```dG e O`````bG
bG e 2015 Y h .2013 Y e dG
`` ` e O`` ` G hO ``` ` L ``` G
dG ``j``G ```g G ``` VCG d .```H```jEG
bh .adG Ib Y AHEd H dG j
fRGG ``a``````G ``j```````H ``````dG{
dHh .UEG fL Y dGh
z`````G ```cG{
```J e ```j
GeCG j``` ```W
f```LCG jG
RjhQ -IgdG
dG J e eCG AfG G cG dG YCG
.Qd e fLCG jG G``eCG jd INCG
e INCG dG e H 50 Z G cG ch
e HS bh e UQH fLCG jG G``eCG
cG dG YCG hdG be Y H h .dG Gg
jG G`` eCG jd I``NC` ` G `````dG ``b``H J{
INCG dG g e H 50 J H dG fLCG
H cGJ b jdG W fch .z2014 SQe 13
dG G``eCG j dBG ``f``LCG jG GSG ``Y
,2013 SQe h .2000 af H dG cG dG CGH
jG GeCG Nd UN bhU cG dG SCG
MHQCGh GQSG g j d j e EG fLCG
jdG jG d .fhjj bh CG iNCG Ie Qd
e GLGh hdG Gg Y dGeCG NOH Gej
CT eh .dG cGd iOCG Qd ``HQCG j
.jG UQdGh QSG e dG jJ QGdG Gg
cG AfG jG UQdG FQ GY Uhh
zGL eg{ IN fCH INCG jdG W J e
.G ``G Sh ``c``G dG bGe dG YJ
QGdG ```cC``d``H{ R`` jhQ ``e ```J``g ````JG G``` Y ``bh
g ``N ````d``H ``f``LCG jG ``LG``J ``e RS
Y FGO LGj c dG GDdG ..G MGh MG
jH e J e g dG G SDe e dG
fS LQe cT fch .zfLCG jG GNCe
QKCG ``b GTDd (BG.``` S.``SG.EG) fTffEG Hc
e b ``HCG eY VG dG e GSCG h
GeCG j Y fLCG hG LGj dG HdG
J b fEG GfG fS LQe dbh .e QN EG
e e OSG MG ``M jG ``e QhdG EG
TDG Uh .H VdG QgJ M TdG GSCG TDe
YH f 7878^5 EG H 0^9 e UQd FdG
GY bh .LCGh HdG G SDe je e
.zQGdG Gg e HjEG S UQdG{
AH Y JG iL fEG dG bh .VG dG ie
UEG ``e A````fG Q``a ``jO```dG G ``e jdG
HfCG N Y eG GQOdG Jh .HfCG N
SeHdG O```G ``e ````TCG H ``LG```fG O`` G
G e dG GQOU CH VhGh jeCG
GOG``eEG J CG OGH jJ M ;G T
N ``Y ````SO``c ``e ``a```j `` G `` ch .```J`````S
d cdG L Ae EG OGH Y J HfCG
Y ``N H 2012 ``NGhCG bJ GQOdG J
eh .G edG dG cT e ``aO
GYh MdH V c OGcCG QU G dP
OGd `` cJ EG e ```H``fCG ``N AH Y
d jdG G H dG Gg OQ dG
.eG fGG
aJ zhHRL{
EG RdG QSCG
````fGchCG
e ``cCG h``HR``L cT c
AKdG eCG ShQ dG Rd
RdG H Q````SCG ``aQ J ```fCG ``Y
dG d QhO 385^5 EG ```fG``chC
e fQe dG HdG e e
.b e QhO 268^5
G h`` ` HR`` ` L ``` ` J G`` ` ` Hh
`` eRCG ```b ``` fG``chC e `` dG
fGchCG a MWCG dG SdG
Vh Se e YG FdH
.fGchCG dG e ShQ
dG FdG e dG bh
1^8 jJ fGchCG EG hHR
OJ RZ GOGeG Y QhO Qe
.AKdG eCG M b
MQ NCJ :d
GVEG H
jG bGd
CG h`` `H Q``` QO``` ` e `` ` cCG
bGG f YS I`` HGVEG
`````J h`` H Q``` e ``j``G
eOb `` MQ ````Y ``e `` cCG ``NC` J
.eCG IQOeh
IOjH jG bGG djh
dj iNCG de Jh QLCG
dhDe `` e `````Y G``` ` JG `` ` `fEG
FQ O``` M ```Y `` bh .```e```M
jG ```bG````d `````G `````dG
jJ G```N ```g EG ```H
.d ``H`````SG ``Y ``d``M
MQ 13 EG Q``` ``H QO``` ` e ``d``bh
SG ``dG G```VEG H NCJ
IY fdG EG MU ITdG e
EG 0700) ````G ```b```d``H G``` X
eGJh .(``` ` ` j``L ```b```H 0900
jJ `````L hCG ``e G`` ` `VEG
Y f dG dG gj
YG bj CG bG e M
.dG ````dG Q``LC` H J ``fG``b
cT `` ` `bD` `G ``` ` dG `` ` `fh
`` eCG ``L``` ` MG ``` ` W``dG A``H``` ` dG
hH je Sh ````dG e
.G e j dd
zRQJe GL{
1^3 YJ
IQS e
fEG RQ``J``e G`` L ``c```T ``d``b
jeCG WdG IQGOEG ``` NCG
fCH jdG dG Y ed
1^3 ``` Y ``j``j `` e A``Y``` ` SG Q`` `b
`` j`` dG i`` ` `NCG IQ``` ` S ``` ` e
H Je Y UE IG
.dBG RG FHdG LdG
bJ ```fEG cdG ``d``bh
QhO ````e 750 EG J dJ
H SSCG J hCG HdG
N YCG dG GQdG AYSG
G ``j cdG Shh .``H``dG
Y H GQdG AYSG f
e 2^6 EG dG Je
j dG Gg HQ h .IQS
.Iah dM 13 Y
dG GOG``jEG EG dhDe jh .b
H 16 H G dG e jT hCG
Y fGG Vh dG iG e bCG hCG
LY Vb ``c``G dG ``bh .SSCG
S Y d QhO Qe H
b dG ch .JeGdH Fahh dhdG
AHdG IQGRh EG QhO e 800 dH
.HdG Q````dG ``Y````fG ``LG``J ```dG
dG ``````j CG ``` ` S``e``` HO ``b``` jh
Gf LCG JWMG e jG cG
QhO Qe 53 ddG fGG J C
Z V eM ``eCG Me GQN d
fEG iLh .U GAGLEG PJ gDe
JGhQ Y 2013 fGe e H 70 f
dG eG YdGh dG dG
GdG ``cG``J EG ``j``` ` dGh ````dG ``e
Y ``LQ``G G ``LQ ``Y a
eG YdGh .eG JGhdG hL
EG ``` j G``` dG ```Y ``e QEG `````dG
HGVG Y IdGh dG AVQEG
CGH eG EG f ``bh .YLG
VQG Je Fc a bJ H
eG OL dH LG HdG
e h```jh .WGdG ``ME ```eG``dG
Y ..dhd Th QfG hM G
d Lh .G dG TCG bCG
130 Y b ``j``J LCG WMG
.dG QSCG JQG Ga AKCG QhO Qe
dG e QhO Qe 16 fEG fCG Z
U N J hO j VG
Gh `` `SQG`` `Gh `` ` `dG ``` e``Jh
FdG f dG Y ``bh .```YG```G
```fG```G ``` ``SCG``j ``c ``dG ``H````dG
bh M (````dG) ```dG WdG ``D`G
Oj h .zG`` ` L A``` S ``` V``dG{ ``j``b
d Gf 2014 d fGe Y dG
GQOU J PEG ,fEd ac GeCG OLh
.OdG `` NO ``e ``` ``H 95 R`` ` `dGh ``` ` dG
H Y JS eG Ga ``KCGh
cG SdG Y S jdG HG
Z dG NdG QOe ``MCG dG
iS d FGV ``a``j h .dG
````
RjhQ -HGW
cG dG WMG d J
eRCG LG H Yhe bJh
CG H dG GY e CGSCG g fRGe
H jJ JGOGjEG L eG a
.f Be Y e YL IS
``` dG ``` ` dG GQO`` `` ` U `` ` `LG`` Jh
dCG 100 e bCG EG d IG jT
ZCG CG H VG ````SCG ej eH
idG G e KG e ``LQ
OdG T fGe ZEG Y
fch .``````` `` `JGP ``` ` H ```d`````d
b ej eH e Rh GQOdG
MWEG gS e e CGJ CG
2011 Y gCG G HEG GdG
dG `````f B````e ```Y I``````dG
dG Ih`` dG ``e M G``` f ```V``G
fG QH fGG eRCG QJh .OdH
LGJ e X GVG jhg EG d
gPf H HU e dG eG
11
UN -jDhdG
S j zcG{
..d LQG afd
QGdG d TCG 6 eh
hCG SG e c G``eCG Z Je
GFH ee i``LCG hCG f hCG G``eCG ``M
eh Qeh W ANEGh j hCG G
fdG f
q c ,G GFY eh cMh
HJ e IMh AfEG Y SOdG JOe
I``Mh `````e `` ```f``````dG ``` Y ``W````d
G Ye GTE Jh dG jdG
H IMdG Jh ,QGh Wd dG
YCGh dG SDG Y eGh ZdG
Z ``` ` ` dGh ``` ` ` Gh ``` d``G `` Z `` ` Gh
Y G ```G ``e ``g``Zh Hd aOdG
L FH J fq CG j dG eG
hCG ``gQE``H ```W```JQG hCG U j ``e hCG
J fCG hCG HgQEG H hCG HgQEG H
J AG``LEG dhfih ``gQEG j hCG G``eCG Z
.eG
cdG aT
H ````J ``` dG GAG`` ` `LEGh `````dG `` Mh
L aGdG cT CG G G cCGh
HG fhe jQfi GQhO ODJ dG AfCG
c ``dG G`` `eCG ``` SQEG ```Y hCG ``` G
fGd ``H```dG Y I``a ``N HH
aCG ``G g aGdG cT q EG ``bh .CG
jdG G```b GSG jLG d
J ``` fq E` a ``dP ```Y Ih`` Yh ,`````SQ ``````G
J QSCG aJ N e OdG MdG
cT q CG MCG VCGh .dG Od d
dG eG b kSSCG k cQ J aGdG
G LMG J GRQH GkQhO SQ fq C
J J ```fCG c ,LCG dG ``e
G``G ```SQEGh J ``N e jdG IQh``dG
q CG EG ```a ,````jh `` eCGh YH eG ``H
OGaCd kFQ fk jT JH cdG ``g
j H j a ,AGS M Y cdGh
dG J h``dG e c ``gh ,G`` eCG
aGdG cT q CG HJh .dG Jj
hO e jObG dOG ke kbe
j Y eh c QhO e d ,dG
MCG JH dd ,G LCG dG hGJh
,jdGh OG````SG Y ``j`` G```b ``gCG
EG LCG H Q``G ``e G`` eCG ``j``h
jQdG H fq CG VhCGh .dGh G dG
jdG M UCG ,UG Gg IJGG
G h````dG hO ``e SG ```d``G
aCG SdG J M ;QhO Qe 80 Rhj
```d````d ,`` ` `eCG i``` ` ` eh ``Y``` ` dG ``` M ``e
j eh .fGH EG GeCG SQE IaGdG
dG jh LCG dG IQ OJ EG
NdG ``` LC q `` dG ```S```SCG ``` dG ``g
Gke ,``e``G ``g d aGdG cd
dG YJ ``G H IQdG ``g q CG EG
jaG WGG ``d``ch O```dG EG ``j``aG``dG
Hh .GeCG j hCG dG J QG EG
J ,jdG Yh MdG Y GkH ``fq CG
GOQGdG Y YaG dJ VfH aGdG
``gh GQO`````d ``` ` jEG ```d```J ``V````fG hCG
CGh UN ,dG NGO QdG dd HQ Y
.GL aJ GQSCG J CG aGdG cGe
GeCG Z
JH G`` eCG Z ``FG``L CG ```MCG ```VhCGh
``NCG M ;aGdG cT Y Gc GN
jDhdG - e
I``j``L `````SCG ````dG ``c``G ````dG ``` Vh
G Z Y d fFG afd
TCG S dG eCGh ,QH YOG GeCGh
.SQe 31 e GkAH YGdG d ed
``e```G `````T CG ```H I``` G `` g ``JC` Jh
QGSd dG dG dGh
G``` SCG ``W```G IQGOEGh ```bG``e ```J `` G
``d``ch ````f ``````Mh .``` d``` ` SCG``dGh ```a````G
JGMhh G d da ,AfCd RjhQ
S LCG dG aCG dch QG
``a`````fG ``` LE ````bCG ``G j ,``` Y
G``Y ``` ` ` G `` Z ``` V``` G ``` Y ``` f``` ` FG
G ```UCG b U ``e H 20 dG
Z ``` ` dG ``e ```V```G `` NCG ``` Yh .`````d
fG S j QYG dH edG
2^5 ```Y ``` ` ` fG ````S O`` Mh .``` ``H 30 EG
Nh OG``aCG e e Z Ve d H
``YG```dG ``` Jh .````dG ``e ``V```e ```d `````H
dH fFG afG Y HEH dG
``HQ ``c ``j```f ``e ``ek ``j 15 ````Z `````LCG
k G cG dG bh .S
dG IUQCG EG jC
LCG dG ``aCGh G d LCG
U ``e H 60 Rh````J CG j dG
dG dG ``c``G ```eCGh .G ```UCG
M Y HEd S HQ c jf H jCG IY
QdG Y j h .QH YOhCG dG GeCG
afG CG ij dG cG dG c GPEG e
fCG CG LM je EG dH Uh dG
``W```G bJ hO dG EG a J
H 11^5 G ``Z ```UCG h .G
Y jQdG dG UCG LEG e a
(QhO Qe 58^1) ``jQ Qe 22^35 H dGh
cG dG fd k ah VG dG jf
.2012 jf H 12^7 e VfG
bY d dG YVG Y c H cj M JMd
dG MdG EG J eYh .dGh jGh qffEH
M ``M```dG q C` `H ```gh hCG ``e J ```e``fCG ```Y```J
c iJ MdG g bJ eYh UCG dG Gd
gAGQh edG bdGh H GkA kjS GkOS fc d
d J fq CG J MdG EG a J Ie c h ``fEG H
.Ie hC jL H
idG I``F``G Y M a Y M dG ``eq CG
dG dG d fdG G f dG HG
c ```H ```U``N ``jO``a ``VQ```e H M ```jh ```V``G
h LQNh dG dG VQG e jdG QT
b JMd J h .ddG jeCGh ``HhQhCG
J dc .bGdG MdG iNCGh IOG MdG gh
FdG VCGh .dG dYCG e dG jQSG YdG
fh fdGh dG Yf CG fj zgCG d dG
dG MdG N e dP jh eCG Gg Y jM
gjTG dG MdG gh d FdG G VhG
e gh e Y M hCG fdG fdG e kN
Y IhY .f dG e OHCG EG gj dG YO q CG j
f h d G OQ YJ QeCG g e q Ea dP
dG G e UCG AL dG q C Wf YJ bdG
G i``d ```JQ```U J ``jk ``b GkQhO ````j `` fq CG ```c
.iNCG
hOe jd b ,d YLG dhDG efH Mh
adGh GdG b IY ee f gCG dG {
JG GQG jJ Yh Q``gORGh dG Y dG
.{ AGS M Y Xeh FY jJh HjEG dH
jDhdG e
N e G d YO Gk`ND`e ```gCG dG YCG
dG { Ve J fe H e e cGT
dG VG gh .VG AKdGh KG ej { dG
M dGh G OS dG YCG e OY YCG j
.Y
DG gCG d dG FdG hOe Od bh
gCG gCG dG j{ fe H Y q dG dG
dG Gg jYQ q CG jh UCG dG dG jYd Ic
if a dc .YLG dG fCG ``j``dhCG H e
fCG Y a IFdG OJ ddG g e jYQ q CH
d G OQ YdG FSdG ``MCG dh SSCG
````dG ``` dG ```d```J ```Y ``V``` G ``c``j .z``` a ````f `` dG
kGQhO J GJ dGh L EG L e fG dG UCG
IdG qeCG .UCG fdG jdGh GLdG J jM
``cQCG CG OhCG { da fe H e de ,S BG GR```S
e C{ dG GdG { gh VG Gg Ve Y
J UGJ Y fdG c c Hf CG dEG dH G
Gh dG IMh g fch VG H H e
J dGh G eSdG e L H ``dP jh
.dG M H M GJ dG JG QdG H
djEGh fSEG OS SQO G OS dG q CG cj
LG IOT Y UM gh jeCG IG jdGh
M .IG jdG fQGh GS eL e dG
I``F``L ``gR``HCG `````Yh ````fi ``FG``G ``e ``j```dG ```Y O````S
Y dG OS SCG jh .2008 Y SHb dG
jDhdG - e
Y ,dG I``FG``dG dG SDG ,e H R``a
dPh 2013 d dH UCG IQGOE je aCG IFL
dG G { Emeafinance { b e
jRJ M ``N ``dP A``L ,`````Y ``ah```Gh ``Gh ````G
QH HO Gk NDe bCG ``dGh aG eG FGL
dhDGh YCG LQh jObG dG e OY
e H cDd ,```ShCG dG G dG
G AGOCG Yh dG G dG ``JO``jQ GkO``
.Gh dG ie Y dG H j dG
je Ff FdG GgR H GY YCG ,SG Hh
Y e H dG SDGh QSG H YCG Y
d S dGh beG IFG H dG RH JOS
IFG H RdG q CG kVe VG IdG N H RdG
jOdG IQGOEG JOjQh M cDj dG ie Y
eh UCG IQGOE e H Y j dG jQSG
hUh 1995 Y TJ q dGh e hU H
Y j c 1994 ``Y dj TJ q ``dGh ````jQhCG
h```dG ````fl ``e ``e````dG ```Y ````dG ``j``a IQ`` b i``e
``e``Gh GQ``````SG ```J EG ``a```VEG dG ``bG``Gh
c JGQS IR FGY Y d jd
J dG jOdG AGOC` H jG K IFG g J
e d IG JGSGh dG b e ```JQGOEG
jG H SG SJ M UCG IQGOE
.HdGh jdG e jdG j S
I```H `````j `````e ```H q CG ``F````dG G``` Y `` ` VCGh
CGdG
12
(2)
o bh .aG
fi iMEG bJ AKCG de e QGM AKCG dP
.d HdG WGh HdGh jK jd fGG jdG JQjR
,edG J Qd k``a``fi de a T ```dG I``G ``f``c EGh
e Ea ,aG GREGh YCG H fQe Ib Ie gfh
e Y dM d jd gGc GAMEG hCG k`e``bQCG cj d dG
n c REG e dh ,G
bGGh eYEG e dG Y AK jM
.QX Vd HGh
c dG E`a ,VG d MdG QX Se EG doH bsJ e GPE`a
IFGdG IdG :G S Y e ;Ic dG ``dP Y gGdGh ,Se
Y IQY gh ,SG dP Ie hC eu b IjL eN gh ,(aG ``MGh)
AY e FdG a jd jM S uT INdG G e Y
gCG Y eG ej MS hTeh jJ eN H ,jdG Yeh
.QX Y ee e FdG j e ch ,aG MdG bGGh gG
MGhdG Y H Y
e dG ue Y J CGh ,d Ihb J CGh ,dH FHC J
,RdG Ige YS Jh ,GSG TH fhdEG dCGh JGg
U Y XM ;G e hH H oj e ``bh jh
CG ``d j ``fE`a ``L``dGh dG a ,G QhO ``eCG .`````SGQOh cSh
d sj fCG EG aVEG ,SQG HG M a ;ddG eCG h e UGj
;IAGdH Z e cCG deh ,Y SGC H ddG dP j CG
j CG G e fCG c ,SGQdG G W e e j M
dPh ;IgdG g e G QhO SQG IQGOEGh YLG UNd
,f dG EG eRdG GAGLE G PJGh OTQE Gh LdGh dH
j CG dc eCf c ,CdG Gg M ISGC e UGdG gCG EG aVEG
OTQEGh Yhh W G Nh jdG JGVfi AGh IYd
d dG IgX CH Y ,SQG Gh jSGC jdG g M
M dc Vae g ``EGh ;a dG M S Q``KBG GP ``aBG
dG Y ``NC`Jh ,b DhY j jW j Xe a ;XG
.G Gh...GQe HZh ,Gc
issa808@moe.om
u eo bW Le
dh ..jv S O
dG fi H RZ
MdG QSd jL IQHh LdG cdG Y c .ae
,jQ hCG MS e ebEG jW Y ``dP ``c EG
cGGh AG``jEG ``c``eC -Ic IQHh- J ``j``dG CGh S
.jdG
ed ``` eCG ``` ` ` SGh ``M`````dG ``f``G J EG ...
G Voj CG H ,bW jd jdGh jhdGh MdG
d ```YCG G Y VH ``h ,eOdG GdG ``N
eGe J d J ,jd ``eCG jW JGSG O```jEG
.dG QGe Y FdG S MS LGh h
MdG dU L da bW jh J CG CG PEGh
jdG VQG ebEG J Gch ,jdG cCG IQHh IOLe
j CG j c ,``` FGO T IQ````H ```a``G G ``VQ```eh
IQGRh Y ``fCG c ,``j``dG Y ```ShCG QH ``v `e``YEG AdG J
,a dG RdH jdGh ,jd cCG IQH jhdG MdG
jdG j dU Ae CGh S jdG MdG SGh
jd GQSG SG EG aVEH Gg ,MdG NGdG e
.MdG cG TfE e GaGQ S T H dGh
ghazi3226@hotmail.com
Gh Vd h``jh ShTCG bW LQ gS dG MG
Hh He H e JM GaCG UT dHCG jGhQ
Ae .```bRQ ``Y H G bT `x `e h`` Hh ,```e hCG c
Lh U dG LdG H j i``NCG jM d j VdG
H ``gCG j ``NBG fG h .R``dG Y H QdG
.H Ak MG dG d jh MJh
(b) IQG fGG ``gCG e ``MGh (QhQ Q``N) S Ae
YGdG EG dG e Qsj dGh HdG IjG T L
IQdG bW jQJ Y GkgT AG jh H CS e EGh
fEG jQJh bGd G bW M EG aVEH Gg jdG
.HCG dG
dG dG dG bW Le IVM fc gGdG J c
LG H G dh GNDe Gh L kejCG e Y
dG dG ac RHCGh kYeh jk eh GOoe JCG fCG dG Gd
J j h jdG jg UDj SCH jdG H J
e KGdGh MdG eG jh ,L e NGJh dG
.iNCG L
AHCG e HT IQGOE` H JCj CG dG bW Le G ...
13
iDhQ
jDhQ
j dG
AdG Y v FL Gk FGSEG Va s feEG Y jdG
dG H k dM jQG dG
s KOo J c ;WoG
e FGSEG g sC ; mo Z l eCG ,s jeCG WSH FGSEGh
VhJ Y QGSG N e ;bdG e je c g Gg c
h``d t`` dG Jo d ;d e H J jW
p dG
.nH
Ad bDe bh Os S fEa ,jdG g U
s d sMh
WEH eo Od hCG ,jeCG G AVS ;WG
e
o ,I````G ``j``dG G OQ``H FGSEG SSG
STCG IQH SG AdG Y SG ``K ``eh ,```K``o
HdG dG dG VGQCG e jG b N e ;TCGh
.SdGh
dG IG SG Yh FGSEG WG sEG ...
S jJ ``jCG ``Lh v M I``Y M J ,``S```dGh HdG
Y MG QGUEG X ,FGSEGh dG H o
CG IUN cT H J M WG d G SdG
.gOLhh dSG OJh ,G J a dhO
jo ,SG AdG bh FGSEG jGdG YEG Oo sEG
,dG KO UG dG dEG j CG o ,fV CG
.dG Gg jH QdG Y jo CG VG e dGh
MG GQheo e iNCG IQhe fc hj FGSEG YEa
,OH j dGh ,UdG dG Gg Yo GW Gk L gnf
r p nN dG
dG M KOG QGSG d j J Oo gh ,YH j h
dG SQoG e dG J Y eo pjo dP Z h ,2015
kY cCG IQH SG dG UGSh ,dG H
.VhG QS b P e
eT jObG ej
dGh ad jDhdG SDe gQJ
IQGOEG FQ
jdG ``FQ
`` FdG M H ``JM
jdG
24479885 :Jg
info@alroya.info
ObG
233 , 241 :
businessdesk@alroya.info
G
239 , 208 :
localdesk@alroya.info
VjdG
242 :
sportdesk@alroya.info
dU e
23295546
295546 J
Jg
23202934 ca
salalah@alroya.net
fYG
24479888 :Jg
ads@alroya.info
cGTG
24493701 :Jg
jRdG
24490386 :Jg
Fch ..Le
HdG fG Y
bhG QM H gGR
J ,G GQhO M BG SdG Z dG JG
CG Y j fCG c ,GL IN gh LGh e cCH
c e dG Lh ``Gh H RG eON q CG f
c Y fYGh ,dRe Y EG GNO b fjdG
M ,GHCG d a PEG ,eW W M AT
,TCG Y zdG{ ch HdG IjG Y Ia s e
j a ,SEG Y GhJj a RYh ba SdG ch
Cj OdG C ,e FGO JYh f
M PEG ;IY a dG bG CG Qh ,dH EG SEd
Qs a ,fjH ``c ``fCG ,``H``G N ``H Y CG
eG IQGOEG GhNCa ,dG IU FT ebEG dG
fjdG WdG Jh uMJ eH GPE`a ,dH
s h ,G jMh FdG d
GPEa ,H IdG
j CG{ G Yj CH ojh dG N j H
,q c b CGh bhY AedG qojh iQdG
G H GWMCG jdG gh ,zbH e d j h
Ga ``j``dG ``gh ,FdG AGOCG d jh fj
bM gYCGh ,G A```HC fWhCGh JeL
.fWhCG Y j
Fc AH jeCG dG I``YO reGJ d ...
dG dM M ;fSEG NBG M e ,jOdG
qSh FGQJc EG dG zWb{ eL ,dKdG
de ````dG ```f````SEG e GC `` `Hh ,e
O````dG ```e ```f````SEG ``e```G QG`` b AGs ` ` L ,``` ` fE``H
Y eh ,fSEG G ```d``fCG ``e jQG
j TdG CG`` Hh ,jQG ``e ``jQ````G G
,YEG h SdG dG Sh ,SS GkOHCG jh
QGdG ie ``M ,dOe eJGh ``b H sjh
jQJ e j h ,G OdG e SEG
Gg e Ql Ga ,FGQJc EG zWb{ eL e c
fCGh ,BG V dM G q CG J fSEGh EG Cj
hS a ,bCG G Y d he
c :g GDdG K ,FGQJc EG jQdG eG jd
a !?FdG AH fGH J fEG d b GPEG
j fCG :g dEG UCG dG UG q EG !?GL fY
,NGdG G fh ,NGdG e fWhCG f CG Y
Vj a AjbCG f ea ,AT e f d Mh
hO ,GQ``g gP dG GQG a ;AT qCG l `MCG Y
AH fEG J CG hOh ,dEG Qj GR`` EG CG
.J dGR e eCG q CG jh ,M
Zahir679@gmail.com
salehalbalushi12@gmail.com
M HCG OGDa
``jRdGh `YdG
r
```j``eCG FdG An ```d T f JdG SG
d
,jOdG gY jdG Y ``H G Y G ``e ,``e``HhCG
s dG
U fo ,VG G VjdG
UdG s EG a db ,SQe 21 OY ,zfQL jS hh{
dd ;AdG N eHhCG FdG ``eCG fS S
dbh .jOdG edGh d jdG jH
AH dG dG IMdG dhdG g jOdG q EG
h ,JGU AGOCG e G fCG c ,FdG
KK EG fe g q CGh ,dG Y J IQTEG sCG
G jd dh ,G fLCG e e je
eHhCG nFdG ,JdG dWh .jdG gFT SQ
Fc AH dG M OdG gdG e jH
t dG dG gG J EG aVEG ,G
Y
.jCGQ M- iNCG fjdGh G gGc
``f``d``H{ `` WEG EG k`f```MCG ``e```G H CJ ...
Yh ,e M M dG OhOQ a ;AGdG zQNG
EG ``e```G H CJ a ,QG``` dG J ``dP A```V
,e QG```d dG ``e ```c eG H f ````SCG
e
n dG s CG ZQ ,dG Gg e T f de J bh
j dCG s CG EG ,CdG Gg Sh S G
.eeCG bdGh SGQO hO CG
BG G ```Y ``H ``j```dG ```Y `````dG ``` aCG ,I`` a ```o `a
IjG T CH ,jOdG HdG G Y e dG
FdG OLh CGh ,a SEG jd J HdG
l `YG g ,I``j``G hO H
bh ,`` jOCG ``g H G`
r
e e Y uOQ S dG ia AL
s bCG dG ,jG jdG QSdG Y VYG jc
eCG ;IjG FdG AH Ik Oe dG AYCG a
Jh ,G bCG H dY ASG Le QKCG dG
HdG I``j``Gh ,I``j``G e A``L jdG s EG{ :idG
QG``bEG ``gQG``bEG q C ,FdG e a e c J CG j
bh feCG Sh Y G U dGh
,SG Z jd
t
```UCG gDha ,z``` jO ```dG I``j``L j {
.zc Gg e J CG j IjG g C ,j
dfh ,aCG OhOQ e jdG idG g Q``KCG bh
e ;G ``f``fEG ``bG``e dG ``e jdG
jhdG bSCG YG M ,VQGh IjDG
bdG ,e Zh e Z oj ,Gc jJ q CG
VhCG a ,jOCG H QGd IY GQOe a LJ dG
J idG g q GC jGQ H G JdG S
.jdG q L e VQJh dG
dG QdG
dhdG{ c `a
zYo `a Gh
TdG dU
jQJ
14
ee SCG fh jY G``F``W jH
Qj ``e ``d ``c ``jO`````dG ```H```dG `````G EG
d j dG VGdG QdG AV kFL
AdG hO GjEG OQ EG dGh f Y adG
Gg be CG h .jhdG SCG EG
G j Y dG YLG e kGAL CGG
dG Hh .G Y Gh ``e``HhCG FdG H
VQj CG ``V```jo ,````b```G Q```J c ``Y
H G`` ` dG CG ,``j``` J `` `bCG ``` Y ,``jO``` ` ` dG
AGd be U Q``WEG fQGdG J
bdG efd jeCG ``jh```dG LddG
TGh ```UCG ``bh .O```dG ``d J ``dG
- OdG ``f``G ``e hd c - VG
Id f - 123 bJH j e G``HEG Y
zjQdG ``b````d ``` j``eCG ``f``` dG{ IQ``c``G
Gg `` ch .```````dG `` ``` dG - 1954 ``` d
HdG GQeEG dhO e U e kGAL dG
AGd ```N ``Y ```X``HCG ````YCG ``e```Y I````G
oS e GPEG dh .jhdG bdH J
GjdG J c fGQdG H G``jE
J CG `````G ```a ,``` d``G ````S``e```H``dG
.f G g G
FGd ``` ` d``H G`` ` `Y ``` G `` ` `VhCG ``` d
b Y G`` jEG M ``e GPEG ``fq C` H ````j``eCG
fc ````e ,``gh``M h`````S `````G q E` ` a ``jh``f
QfG ``` M I`` g`` ` `e{ `` L`` ``` J``eG``` dG
N e AGS - dG g jJ q EG .zhdG
jhf GQ``b ```eG hCG a h``f ```S AG```T
f iMEG g - bO H aq e Z jY
TGh e d SeHdG dG NG
ZQh .``jh``` dG G`` `jEG ``M```W `` ``V``j``dGh
zjQdG bd dhdG dcdG{ `d VGdG GJG
hCG AGdGh ,jhdG G fCH j a
Jgc `d IQjdGh ,1988 Y U jQGd
dG jQGdG SCG jh ,1999 Y
JGSG O``Lh EG j ``dP E` a ,2007 ``Y
g I````G ``j``d``a .`` `LCG ```j``Wh IQ````e
Yj dG jhGdG BH jGQO Y dH
Y ZQ dH Je Be fCH jOdG
cdG QG
cCG QdH M dG JGSG d
G g jOd dH dG TdG e
IGG J AGS ,cH e jhf SCG Y
e ``c````G ``H``b``dG ````J``J ````H ``L`` CG
adG jRh QGR ,1999 Y h .fcdG GdG
jdGY ``H `````S `` eCG G`` `fBG O`````dG
a fd VN Z cH be
b Jgc ``c``G OdH dG Y
jhdG SCd P H gTh ,OHCG SEG
S eCG dG ,IQjdG Nh .fcdG
QOdGY d G cdG hdG dH
ILCG jhJ dG Y doCG b c dG N
,ddG ``jQ``ch dh G`` jE ``c``G O``` dG
RGf G`` fBG AGQR`` `dG ````F``H ``Y````LG ``Y k ```a
G G EG kM J dG ,jT
,Y fG bh YCG jOdG HdG
eh .cH AGQRd kFQ iNCG Ie BG UCGh
G EG jhf ShDhQ H OHG SEG b N
jQGU kjCG aJ CG ,jOdG HdG
e ``Z``dG Y ,```fG``jEG G``gCG V Y IQO``b
.jQGdG g dH jOdG eG
EG jQdG QTCG ,dG Gg e HS bh h
fSJ KqM b ,2007 ``Y fc G q CG
-CSS RGW e dG jQGdG e HdG
jQGH dSGh ,FdG ObdH J dG 2
q h .dG ObdH J ,keJ cCG 5 -CSS
dG ce -jDhdG
e G FdG ```NCG ``H ``e d
HdG ``` ` ` G ````S ``g ``jh``f GQ`` ` b G`` ` jEG
FdG GjJ AV h .Jg jOdG
SeHdG OG f q CH dG eHhCG
YCG TG QJ Y k a ,%50 Y jJ
feEG zCG LJ { fCH eN Y G``jEG
dG ``` ` j``eCG ``jO``` ` ` dG ``` ` dG ``f``c ,``d``d
eEH ``c GPEG e a Ua G``ND`e fG
OG IYe Y jOdG G J CG
.bYEG e k H SeHdG
AL OS e Se QU ,2009 ``Y h
kSSCG kG`` eCG j ``jQ``dG bdG jJ{ CG a
Y d d I``jG```G G d
G `` ` `fEGh A``H``` ` dG ```d```d `` eR`` dG ``b``` dG
OQG`` G ``` ` ` SG ``` Y O``` ` YG `````Jh I``` G
.zfHchQdG
S AfE N Y YEG q ,2011 Y h
jdG ie Y jhdG bd k Ye Y
.QhO Qe 80 e cCG J H G keY
%20 e j e dH YG g Sh
S fc H ,jOdG AHdG e
d -bWh kM UCG - iNCG YG
fG jhdG G q Ea ,dG Gg Yh .G
bf ```K`` ``jO`````dG ```H```dG `````G
.H G GjEG jhdG bdG efd
G f A``YOG k```jCG jdG d ```h
G FHdG bdG aJ CH - ObG
j `````dG ``e```d ``jh``` dG ``b``` dG ````SG``H
EG ``````dG R``` dGh ````dG ``e ``j``G ``j`````H
GOG`` jEGh GQO````dG G``F``Y gjh ,Q``G
H - jOdG HdG G CG EG .eG
SDa .jhf H jCG EG J - GjEG
bd GY G je{ g IMdG jhdG
SCG Gg G q e dG ,zIOGh jQdG
dG -G```d``g zh``` dG ``eCG ```b{ ``D `e
.eHhCG FdG kjCG gM
G ```a``M ,`` ` bCG ```Y 2003 `` Y ``` eh
.G Gg cGdG q j e IQjdG
Le hJ IQ``j``dG ``g EG bGe ```jh
VG C ,``Y````dG ``Lh ```Y ```d OG`` YEG h
W ```bh OQCG ``H ``b```dG ``` UCG Q````dG
.jdG OhdH ,VG IdG
Y `````j ``e q CG ``` bG``e ``` VCG ``H```G
G GjdG H g IQjdG g OQCG ZQ
IQjdG e OMh ,SH QU dG G
cdG gh ,``MGh Q YVeh MGh H
gjJ Sh FdG bdG{ Y
b G G``j``dG ```H q CG ``j``cD`e .z``` G
H ``gh IQ``j``dG e G G ``eCG jdG
jdG ```bh ,``` fOQCG ``W```Sh ``Y ``` `` eCG
YEG ````dEG j ```dG ```j`````dG ```Y ``d``c
MhdG ``H ``W```Sh O``L``d ``jh``d``H ````dG
dH `` dPh ```b ```H `` G q CG ``e ,``` fG``Lh
zIjG{ Ib j ``bhh ,G`` NEG ``YO Y
dch G hO V hVdG Sj dGh
OQCG ````JGh ``YEG ``jRh ``bh .e V
aW d OH q EG YSCG b eDG
N hO ``H I``FG``dG SeHdG ``eRCG
,Sh Me eRCG{ fEG eG bh .bh
.za NdH OQCd e h
GOdGh OQCG e q CG ```` i`` jh
Ic jObG ce fj jdG
dh zeN{ CG Mhd ej CG Y jQOb Z
IQN HG j fq C ,zK{ `H fc
.G hO H e e
e G OH SeHO IFd dG H
.G HdG
a ,SdG OQCG QdG G``g Rq `Y ``Qh
q
dG AfEGh fcQCG J z```fEG Y{
zbaQh TdG{ IQbh , IYG dG
SdG eN e ``jO``eQ We d
dG IOb GQeEG a Y GY Gg ;fH
He ```` ``e QGq` ` dG ``q ` ``H```e ,`````d
zGNEG{ q PEG jCGh ,``j H kej G
GUh CG H KG IS AfEG e dH
.AU OhM EG
OQCG Qah J
OQCG ````S``dG ````H ``H`````e `` dP ``c
,jQS ``eRCG eh ddG Oh``G Y
M Y Jeh SCG Y q X kUN
.d kjY dCG
WNh jQS b QhO ke j OQCa
MCG H JQbh ,FdG J e MG
!!V Y
bdH dc e OQC``a ,``NBG fL K
qJo CG ``` o `` `dhO qCG C` ` T ``` fC` ` T ``` b ``e
dG ``e```J q ` X ,OQC` ` d ```d``G ```JG``Y````e
.dP Y ```J``G G O`` jORGh O`````bG
dG GhbCG G hdG hO IOb ch
GQe N QG```e OQC` d de ``k `YO 2011
e ``c J ;G````S N i``e ```Y QhO
1^250 bGH jdGh bh GQ`` eEGh jOdG
q dh ,jJ jQe jd dhO d QhO Qe
b J fCG
Ie IQjR
VdG Y jDhdG
dG b eCG H S dG IQjdG J d
SG Y e AL iS ,GOd AHQCG
hG b dh eeh ,G jQG
GQeEGh jOdG Y Va dG dY e
FGS S Qb CG H jdGh
JH b GdG Y YGhH ;G SQe
jOdG ````U```d``H ``` V``G ``` a``f `` `G
dG geCG j Y b bh M .VjdG
U dG ,jdG eCG QHh ,M H
GdH j JG Y ;dG HG MCG
NGdG hDdG NdG Y J dG OH
,Te Z hCG Te H G hO e C
QGSGh eCG jJ Y j e c YO Yh
jW Y Ak GS OG``aCG hCG e e G hO
KCdG dh jW Y hCG TG eCG dG
.OG YEG YO Yh ,SdG
J ``b dY ``a Ve b ``f``ch
,GOdG O`````bG ``Y``H ,```fGO````dG ed
hO H Y SQ dG dG Jh
jOdG ```H```dG `````G ```e ``H``` dG ````G
WV H QG VJ dG GQ`` eEGh
Gg .``` fGO``` ` dG Q``` ` G EG ``j``` ` dG ``` Y
dG ``jO`````bG ``H````dG ``a``d dG ``f```H
YbEGh ,GOdG V IG ``j``dG VJ
Lh Q``aQGO G cG Y dH
GkQGM J CG WG YSG GPEG ,QRCG dG
Y ajh qeSEG cG qMj kSS
G``NEG V SdG dG X ;dG
G Y H MCG Gk NDe LG ,ka .G
H Q`` aQGO ``` `` dGh O``` BG
q CG ``NCG ``cCGh ,``Mh``dG ``H dfhO jeCG
cG L ``` bE S I````G ``j``dG
QS GPEG QG`` G ``cQ``````H ````dG ``` ```dG
dG ``c ``cQ```` dG ``j```dG QG`` G
HdG ad hT IY H eCGh ,SdG
ahh YGdGh hG bh H e jeCG
.WGdG dGh KZEG Ud GG
IOM SG dM HdG G ```Jh
G ```H ``jO`````dG ```H```dG G ``gO```J
,G GNCG J V H J dG jdG
Gk ` ND` e ```Y ``dG ```H```dG ````dG ``D`e ```a
15
dG
RjhQ - hH
e EG ,```eCG ,````fEG ``` Q````dG UG ``b
````gCG ``G G````b T ``dCG 150 ``Y ```j
.fG e K HGdG eY NO dG jQdG
````dG ``` U``jh ,```f```j``H ``` eh- ``` U``G `` bh
hCG dG QO``` ` Gh AdG ``e T ``Y ,``jQ```S
cCG G OdG j CG LG e EG -eCG
.dCG 220 EG j bh H dP e
H G````dG A```f ``Y````G a BG ```Mh
.VQGh SCG QH FdG eM e H
NCG jQS d IG CG Sh ``bh
CG ``L``G ``Z ``e `` fEG ```V``G ``` ` SCG ``` ` gG``HEG
.jb bh KOG fCJ
dj QU d AMG NBG IG CG Qbh
dCG e Y j e H dG O``Y CG 2013 R``
fG dG fc jj db dhdG G d
RjhQ - HGW
f fdG `` eCG G`` b ``e``bCG
``` j``e `` ` ` `jQhO `
s ` `` ` Sh ``` ` ` ` J
Re ```gGOh ,O```dG T HGW
e T 20 e ``cCG YGh
``dG ```F```dG ````dG ```Y Id
.jQS G jJ
Y T 27 ``Y j ``e ```bh
``` ` V``G `` K`` ` `dG `` ` `H`` ` `SCG i`` `e
e e H cTG HGW
.jdG ```F```dG ``e ``j``NBGh dG
dG H dG eG bJh
hdG bj
`ShQ ``e
RjhQ - chH
c{ bS fEG ,eCG ,WCG T M b
MG H ShQ e zdGh G hdG
.Vh fGchCG dG Se
GM jdG G LQN AGQRh QGdG JGh
IOd ...LY GN PJG{ Y H ShQ
.zhdG fdH GdG EG
H -e H - fGchCGh G YCGh
S fCG chH adG AGQRh LG
``` Y``a``dG `` M`` ` `UG GR``` ` ` Sh h`` ` ` dG
.iNCG eGHh jQdG N e fGchCG
J
u cdG WdG
```H```fG ``Ff ``Y
LQ AGQR``dG FQ dEG j
;je cCG ZhOQCG W
e OGRh ,IfCGh SG gh
`````G ``H``` ` fG ``````f
e ZdH MG j L dG
eM ``M``J Oa a
S fG db VQG d
.FdG H
RdG IO``YE` H G ``d``Wh
``` ` T `` ` `dG I`` `` ` fCG ``F``` f
HQe bS ``U``N ``Lh Y
b zd W{ hOOj GhNCGh
.WdG NJ G
RjhQ - IfCG
```a```e ``W``` T ``e``` ` ` SG
``` G `` aG`` e ``` c``dG ``` ` ` dG
```Y ``` ` ` G BG ``j``` ` d
UdG ``H``` ` fG ``F```f
GhMG CG ```H ,``` eCG ,I``` fCG
Hfd YCG G eCG
HfG Ff Y LMG
G Y g dG G
.cG
dGh ``dG```dG ``M R``ah
`` dG `` ` `e`` ` `SG Qh`` ` `G hP
16
G jM
{ gQJ U
dG jd edG dG e hdH z
. :
.
:
..
)( :
.
.
:
.
.
:
.
i
.
.
.
.
:
.
:
.
.
:
.
.
:
.
.
:
.
.
:
.
17
He
He
16
dGG Y H dN
WdG T gC dG jGH
N MGh T e bCG Nh HJCG fCGh GkN SG
gJ jQe Y YEG QW Hh e H QNCG
T a ``Y`````dG Q````U A```` ```H``J i``c ``c```T
UCGh AG e jdGh jPG jdG UN WdG
Y OdG Gg N e YCG CGh S M hCG ReG
cd HdG YLG dhDd QL SDe ``YEG
eOEG e dG ce AfEG Y ah CG QUh HQhCG
Mh Y ``jQ ``dCG 600h e e cCH QU jH
G FH g gh dG f d cd IYO eb
Y G H Sh QUh i``d ``jh gCG Y J
.eY dGh WdG T a jh L
cCG e IOdG EG YJ dG MGh G QNCG eh
ce AfEG cdG f Y ``HQhCG cT hDe Qe
UG Gg h BG e J J id jH K
Heh VG H jdH jdG hDdG TH
MU IO````Sh QSG ```d ```f ``dG G`` dG ```ch IO````S
GH adGh GdG jRh S BG QW H g dG dG
Sh , bh SCG JGAGLEG AfE IQGRdG YOh hG
``j``dGh ``j``dG ``gCG ``e I```c ```a ````dG ``c``G ```j
`` bhCG `````SG ``````d L ``e``N `````Sh IQh``` G
.dH Y Oj a ZGa
dhDd QL SDe ``J N HJCG ``fCGh QS ``ch
jQ dCG 200 dGh h QU jfC YLG
jfCG g IcGdG G j gS Om f d Y
Ff d ``j``fCG ``g T J Ff ```Xh
f ```j``M ````aG ```j``bh ,````V``G I```dG ``N ```H```jEG
aG q c ``jQ ``dCG 131 H dLEG H i``d jH
H eCG SQ IGh id jH VGZCG IOe YdG
``jQ ``dCG 155 ``e ``cC J H SSCG d b
fCG ``e``bE ```U``Gh eG d ke d
Jf ``Yh````Gh ```dG QG``e Y SG Jdah
EG f IQG``b bh ,dGh jd jT GL cT
gJ cdG Y c dGh H Of q c dG jQG g
CG G ``e FGd L ``e``N J ```dGh
jQeh ``a``dG SJ JUJ Ih``fh da YJ
.ihL hH BG GY EG J
Ac M ``jQ````e EG ``L```H `````G q EG
````V``jQ ``Y``eh ``e``Y ```d`` A``` ` fEGh ```Y````LG ``c````e
dEG dG j d H JeN J eh
H jdG J h Ice IQH eG SDG b e
VGeCch d UN G Yh RjEGh WdG VGeCc
e dG ``g``Zh ```YG``fCG H cG ``b``YEGh MdG
J aO j fC H dG dG VGeCG
jQG ``YO cdG ``e f c dG gdG ```dG
dG ``j c QhO d dG ````gCG Gh YdG
.LG SCG e d
aO idG UN cdG Y VJ CG eG Y q EG
gFGa e FG ``MGh Y j Y c jf e e
dG g H J Gg LC J CGh d
eNh jJ jQe ``e``bEG hdGh cdG ``g e
NJ ```dG ``j``dG YdGh ````gCG G ``Y``Jh
if CGh dG a ```Y R````eG We V
e ``g``Zh dG dGh IQ`` fEGh ```dG UQ jQe
J ``f``L EG ``S```dG I```M U ``N``J ```dG ``jQ````G
UCG We AHCG XJ e i``NCG eG e jdG
YdG WGh dG WG H e g c ReG
cdG J CG Vjh ,dG hO e jdG idG
cdG e IOSH dG IGh e bG
JGe eH JCJ CGh ,OGaCGh SGh IdG fdG
Y J dG jQG ``g ``e ``MCG j h JGh
cdG ASCGh jQG cP J fEG .IgR QSCHh VQCG
fh fG Qj e EG Uh dGh dG dGh IG
jQe ``Y `` YEG i`` NCG ``c````dG QO```J ```M ````G
H (``L) G CH dSQ jEh G e j
W QOGH jQG g eh SG Y Yh G
gNCJ ZQ YLG dhDG cdG g e
eCGh EGh K ch ,NCJ EGh JCJ CG G CG EG b
g eh AH m``jCG UCG H j eh gCGh Y CG
,WdG T a jh gC dG jGH EG jQG
.H Y eGOh eOh
Khalid1330@hotmail.com
e AGHG G e Ic jT jh
GQhe dG e EG MdG e
``` ` ` gCG ``` ` Jh `` Y `` `jhh ``j````d``H
eG ``FGh``dGh SDG ZCG c
FGHG `````Gh G`` dG ````e ````a ``
g eh SQGG e dGh dG cGh
G ac e gEG if fEG EG gCG
ee c ejh d VGh G
IjGG ```G ``e ```j ``fEG M jdG
QXh jdG b f dG Gh
j g fMCG Qj h dW Y dG
.HGJ jW hCG Ue jW Y
AedG e Gkc kec S d :HJh
jDhdG Jf FV IQU
jW LGhORH dj gCG
QL AfEGh jdG -IQ``H``G
Cq H IO``aEG OhCG .zjdG QGhO Y
Q``J `` ` `` `JGh ``` ` dG IQGRh
eS jh jdG Gg gCG
JJ ```````d ```e``````e
``` LGhORG ```Y `````J ```M
IQHG QGhO e QcG jd
WdG jW e WJ Mh
H ```d```dG ``e``Gh ``j````dG
A``` ` fEG `` e G``e``` ` c 15 G`` `M
IQ``H``G QGhO ``` Y ``` Y ````L
e dG kdM jh
h`` `` ` ` ` G `` `` ` d `` ` `` `b`` ` `G
f b jDhdG fch .be
``dG``G ``d``N ```e```d G``j```J
jDhdG -e
`` `` ` ` ` dG IQGRh `` ` H`` ` ` ` `` ` `` ` `SG
d `` `gCG I```T``` ``` ` JGh
zjDhdG{ IjL U Y
LGhORH dj gCG{ GY
AfEGh jdG - IQHG jW
Q`` bh z`` j`` dG QGhO ``` Y ````L
N V ``j```dG G``g GQOEG
````b```G ```` ``e ```````dGh
.be Md G
IQGR`` dG ``e GOk Q ``jDh``dG ````Jh
AG``` dG EG IQ`` ` `TE`` H{ :``` a A`` L
``` J``j``` H Q`` ` `` `` `G ``` ` ` ` dG
`` aG`` G A`` K`` ` `dG `` `j IQO`` ` `` `dG
{ G`` `` ` Y `` ` 2014 `` j`` ` `j 7
G S -dG
WdG QNCG
jDhdG - e
``S``H``b ``````dG ```e``L ````c
d ``` H``` dG ``` H``` dG ``` dG ``Y``` ` H
``` JGOG``` ` ` SG ``` ` ` ` dG `` ` `` `dGh `` ` `dG
e ebEG eG hCG dG SCd
``W ``````j `` `dGh ,O`` ` `dG ``` ` SCG
eG ``Wh ,SHb dG eL
;```````dG i`` ` NCG `````dG ``` ` ` dGh
Y J H O```jEG EG j M
``` dG GQ`` ` e `````d `````N `````a``J
,dGh dGh dG JGQb Jh
``` dG ```````d ``` ` ` a``` J ``` ` H `` ` Nh
A``` ` dGh G`` HE` `d ``g``` ` h
fdG Y WT dCG
``` ` e `` ` WG`` ` e `` ` `Y `` ` ` ` dG
``Y``` ``` Y ``` ` MG ``j`````H
,h````S ``H``` f ``U``` ` TCG ``e
dG ``F``bh J M
WGG ``e ``Z``H I``Y OhQh
``gO```e h````S ``W```T ``c``e EG
````f``H ``U``` ` TCG `` MCG ``` b
G ``` jEGh ``Y ``X``e U
SEG IQGR``H j fCH Y
d JYe ``f```eE`Hh
e AH hCG S Vhb Y
de de NCG e M
dGh dG Hh ,e
LGh ,Y dG A```dEG
`` YG `` ` `dEG ``` ` ` G `` `` H
MG b ```JQ``H eH
K hdGh ,hS Hf
``d``MEG `` ``bh ,```K`` jb
S dG AYOG EG G
d G GAG``LEG bH
WT IO```b aG
IQhO `` ` `` `NG`` dG ``` a``
`` ` `dh`` dG IO``` ` ` dG) `` `
O``e``c ```HO BG ```S``G
IQh`` ` ` `dG `` `e`` `` ` ` ` G ``` ` ` ` d
IO``` ` dG ``` ` e (``` ` e``G
``` e``` dG `` `e 32 `` cQ`` ` `` `
``K``K I`` ``````Jh IO``` ` d``H
. HSCG
jDhdG -QX
EG c ,j H ej OGOJ YLG eG
LQdG e J Wh Y g G GH dG
e G ```J hO ```j ``e ``d```j ``fC hCG
EG ``bCG ``b``NCG Y ``gh ,S e h``X
CG j QNGh ,G EG e fEG QG
M ``EGh XdG ``LC ,NGO ZQ e JCj
.jNBG eN
d ffEG e YLG eG CG aVCGh
CGe EG a Jh FGOCG G HSCG
QdG Y YGh OGaCG IQH dG EG
fCG IYe Y JQbh AdG HjEG dGh
He
jDhdG -QU
dG Uf - Y
S ``H e dG IOS j
,WdG T a a dG
Yd zU{ ja ab AHQG dG
fdG G gJ dGh ,dG
e h``` ` d``H ,```````dG `` b`` YEG h`` d
a a Y YUh IQ aZ
U ``j```dG `````Sh ,```W```dG ````T
,``a```dG ``` jJ I```V`` ```dG
OL gCG Y AdG J EG J
````dG ``` a `` `YO `` dh`` ` G ``` ` ` G
N-P.aCG I``` M ``` f ``` H A`` ` ` JQGh
V A zU{ ja IQjR q CG cj
``j```dG ``g````j ``` dG ``aG``` dG ```````S
e dMQ M b adG fch .,dG bYEG hd fdG G e hdH
,QX a hCG H fK c NGdG a ihf jH b
Oh dG H gG dSQ f EG dG AfCG aGdG J jh
.edG IG
M H S dG IOS dG
IgdG a dG de BG
A``` ` YCG ``` eCG ``` ` U `````
````dG ```````H ``e``` dG hD` ` ` dG
AG`` fC`` H ``` ` ` ` G Q`` ` `eCG ``` ` b```
``` J``` ` T `` ` `dG I`` ` ` `NCG ``` N``` G
````H ```KC` `Jh ,I`` g`` ` `dG ``` a``
AGL e aH dGh RG
QeCG
``` ` dG ``` ` ` ` G ``` b``f ``` c
jQG d jdGh FfEG
Mh ,H ```bG``dG QG``` VCG Mh
dG Y dG A````YCG JOS
IQN J dG bGG SGQO Y
cM bJh jdG OJe Y
``jR``Jh ```````dG `````G ````e jLh QeCG g AKCG dG
H WGd ```VGQCG b
.jOhCG
.dP Y JG QKBGh jOhCG ``````e A`` `` ` ` ` YCG `` V`` ` `` `` `SGh
bj zWdG T H{
eM cT AfEG
dG ddG
VY j CH dG UhCG bh
dG G Y G g
.jRJh gQGbEG b
dGG dN -QU
S `` H ``` ` e ``` ` ` dG IO``` ` S ``V``` ` ` SG
````T ``` a`` ``a`` ``` ` ` dG ``` S `` H
aH dG G AYCG e WdG
e eM cT AfEG SGQO
`````G A``` ` fE i`` `NCGh ```d```G ``d````dG
aQh aG jh gCG fhdG
I``g``X ``VG`````SG ```c G d
beh aCG IaGdG ddG SG
G LMG j hU AfEG e
``YQ````e ``` SQ``` `` `VQCG ````b ```````Jh
YLG A``` ` YCG ``V`````SGh G``` dG
eG ```G H ``e IOQG`` `dG OhO`` dG
``` ` LG ``` ` ``` Y ``bO``` ` G `` ``` c
.fdG d dG
OTQEGh dG G da eCG U aG
ad edG jjG J ``dG bYEG ih``d hCG
IFGO e hdH jHCG 2 EG 1 e IdG N GTGh
hP `` eOEGh dG)QT `` UG HdG ``eG``H
. dG dG dH dPh ,(bYEG
je ````SG``dG ``` S ``H N ``b ``` G ``jG``H
aH Q``` ` Gh ```G `` YGQ G``` T``Gh ``a`````dG ``Y
```dGh ```U``G ```H``dG ``SQG``e `````fCGh ``` YCG ``V```e
``j````dG ```H``dG ``` SQ``eh `````d `` eCG ```SQ``e e
ac EG aVEH ad G H Y eh
M , UGh eG SQGG H GTeh
``b``YEG hP ``e G```T``Gh adG Lf Y GWG
Gh FSdGh dG dG H YJ dGh
.bYEG hP W Jh f cCG dG GdGh
dG d jQJ Y M G Jh
eGSGh dhCG aSEGh G eGSG e
dG eN ``jh``Jh G ``e``bEG IQ```eh G ``H``dG
SQGe aSG dG jQGG G eCG fG c
eb M ,UGh eG SQGGh UG HdG
``bQh jdG ```H``dG e ```e``NCG Uf H ``e
e VJ a VSG (dG ``b``YEG) GH
fc dG FdG ``b``YEG e IMGc dG ``b``YEG
GQG dhJ c G aY dG bYEG hCG e
YLG GQ`````c HdGh IAG```dGh dG gGh
G``dG ``j```Jh ```Y````LG ```dhD```Gh ``b``` dG A```H
jdc dG GQ```Gh dG ```JEGh G ``Mh
edGh dGh dG jYdc G GQGh GdH
dH dG dG V jdG dG j b Ihf
TdG dU -e
edG f - e
Ldd fCG eG cQT
fdG d ``VQCG YS IQOe Y
``` e``G ``` X``e ``` ` bh ,G`` `` ` dG ``` Y
e ``` ` ` dG A``` V ``` Y `````Y ``` H``Wh
``Y````dG ``` M ``` ` ` dGh ``` e``` dG ``Y``` ` dG
A```WEG ``N ``e ``dPh .dGh SdG
jQhdG ``Zh ``jQh````dG QG`` fCG L
IQh``` V ``` Y ``` cC` ` dG ``` H ,``Y``` S I`` `
XG i``d A``H````dG `````SG TJ
SdG H YdG fh Gh dGh
18
da J zdG jH{
G dG
G S- dG
``````bEG ``j``` ` ` d ``e``` dG ``j``j``G ````f
I``FG``H ``` ` `` `` dG ``` a``` `` ` `G OQG`` ` `eh
G OQGe hDT IFGOh edG bdGh YdG
G dG da dG jH YdG bh
.edG dG jH
jd ``Y````G ``` dG ``j``G ```d````dG `` YQ
H N dG a G OQGeh bEG
jjH FGhdG je QH edG S
eG ``FGh``dG hDe ``e O``Yh jdGh
SQGe dWh Wh ddH cQG UG
. aG
dG cdG YQ ```dG ddG J
dd MG jYdG G aG jd
Gh AHd edG d fcQCG V dGh
hD``T bh YdG bh ````dG a
hDdGh dG IQGOEGh dG jH G OQGe
aVEH aH G jM IQGOEGh NG
jjH edG bdGh YdG IFGd cd
IQ````H ````````G ``c``` ` dG i`` `MEG ``cQ``` ` eh
```d``N `````d I`` a`` G ``` ` ` Gh ``` H``fCG
VYh G QGhR Y jYJ Ye jRJ
MdG IdG N M ,G Y ``aCG
I```dG N ````a ```a```G ``SQG``e d
```H `` dPh ``` j``G OGhQh Q``````d ```F````G
TdG IQh```Vh G gCH OG``aCG YJ
ddG J c ,Y Gh cSG
``M``e `` ` `dCGh ``j``Y``J ```a```K ```H````e ``e``bEG
d LdG Y SdGh jJh SQ Heh
Y fJc T cQ WCGh SQGG
iNCG fJc Th Ae Ib T
Qd aK He ebE aVEH WCd
MU Ja Y dd G H bCG
SQGG W e SGh cQe T Feh
Yeh jGg jRJ dN h jG OGhQh
.G M jYJ
V SdG fhdc c
d SDe 100 SCG
SBG `a G UG
jDhdG - e
dGh QSG hd dG SDG ec
GQSG J SDe gh ,(WCRC)
``O``cCG dG dG ``D` ,`` YEGh ``` HCGh
SBG UN J SDe Fe SCGh aCG ,SBG
,SdG ```fh``d``c c ``d``f M .````dG M ``e
ddG T .beG IFG g ,Y S e
h``dG IQ````dG ``c``e ``JG```T ```a ```Y ```dG
dG SDG cCG QM jj 9 j dOH
h .SBG AfCG e OcCG Qch UG
SBG IO``b ``e 2014 jj O``Y ddG J
100 ````aC UN ``M``e O`` aCG ```dGh ,WCRC
CH kY .SBG kG`` ```SCGh UN J SDe
G ``q ` ` eh Q```````e ``g ````dG KPMG `````SD`e
SDe e jdG QM ddG T bh .dG
H ``SG e , XLRI e beG UG dG
dG ,dG jc c ,dGh IQGOE` d jL
,hhO SQe ,dG G eL ,ad jSBG
- TdG M H MCG QcdG bh .fH eL
c ,SdG fhdc c Y YCH FdG
j CG fQhS YGhO fq EG :SG H gdCG dG
g f N e SdG fhdc c J
SDe 100 ````aC WCRC ``b``e``G I``F``G
YO hO e k Gg j h .SBG UN J
jGh dG ``ghCG dG dGh Xe L
ge L f fEGh .SdG fhdc d
IQGR`` d ``` U``e ``U``G `````dGh ,``` ` YO ``` Y G`` ` dG
.zIbG dG dG
dG ``e jdG QM ddG T ``bh
.``` T `````c ``` e``` G ``dhD` ` ` G Q``` ch IRQ`` ` `dG
``M ,``T````dG `````L ``e S ```d````dG ```M```Uh
,``` e``G A`` ` `SDhQ Q``` Th .IOdG ````j dG
IFGdG OcCG SDG hjeh dG AGYh
J ```dG G jdG ``M ``L ```dG hG`` G
Jh OcCG IOG d aOdG SdG WCG
.jG
de H aGQ SQ G dG dG da fG
gH .``` SQ``G `` W ``cQ```` ``F``` dG `````dG
dG ``` ` dG ```H````e ``F``` dG Q``` ` NG
q
,SQG dG QTh dG fH UG
``` SQ``e `` `W ``cQ``` ` ``` ` ` ` dG ``` H``` ` G `` K
``j``dG `` ` `aGQ `` ` `SQ`` e `` ` `Wh `` ` `MCG `` H O`` ` `M
.H ``j``G ``Y````e `` bh ,```H``````H GhR`` `a
```gG``MEG ``J```V`` ````H ddG `````NGh
e je b M ,q f i``NCGh q U
dG IVG jdG Y Y QcdG j
aJ QcdG b M ,dG V JQG Y
dG ``Y IV ``Y e ``e S
. dG
jdG S e -j
````G `````dG ``` dG ```d```a ``` eCG `````fG
CGH M ,SSCG d de H aGQ SQ
AL dGh dG KGQG H dG da
dG d e 600 a hCG Me Y
MG fG gH . HdG EG ```e``G ``e
TdG EG ``e```dG ``e dG ```d fdG
.j WT ce cQ dPh e c 2 a
H cQ dH d Ia ddG Jh
`` gCGh `````G ````Hh ``Y `` dG
dG QNG He ``dP J ,ddG ``g
19
He
bj zNGdG H{
IQfEGh UdG eN
FdG S ihf
``` a``` `` ` `` `dG ``` ` ` G ``V``` ` ` SG
N QcdG dG IOS SFH NGdG
e OQGdG G dG g H M H
W G OCG jH jdG hDT
IYCG cJh dG Ud eN aJ
dWh ,``L``G jH SQe AHh IQ``fEG
Hh dGh gGdGh fGdG ib gCG
G ````FQ ``` WCGh .S G`` Mh A````H
b ``e ``e```G ``M``` G ```Y A``` ` YCGh
G AGG jH jdG hDT
.AGG AH dG QdG LGhORG W
T b ``e OQG``dG ```G ``d``ch
e SG e ih``f ``j``H jdG
AfEGh Q c bdG OGdG IQM
dGh ihf H MdG OTQEd e
IQGRh ```````T ``` dG ``` ` ` dG `` e ```````d``H
UH ```G OQG`` eh bEG ``j````dG
``` ` dG IO`` ` ` YEGh .`` H`` ` dG ``` ` dG ``` ` ` J
dG Y G QGRdG QGdG Ve
,LGhdG H fi G LGhdG H
e OQG`` dG `` ` `G `````G ``V`````SG ```c
Y NGdG a MdG IQGOEG je
EG dG G H b dG IQjdG AV
G ``` UhCG ``b h ,``` ` NCG ```G ``H```f
``a``c R`` ` `J `` ` `dG `` M`` ` `G `` e ``j``` d``H
,``` ` NCG ``` G ``H````d ``j`````dG ``fG``G
q ```c
b ``e `` YCG ```dG ``` SGQ``dG ``V``Y
UH G AYCG e G dG
``HR``` dG I`` aG`` dG ``d``` ` dG ``` ` S I`` g`` X
```SGQ``dG G ``bCG ``bh ,dG A``` MCG
L EG aQh J dG UdHh
``MCG b ``e i``NCG dSQ h ,UNG
Ve be hCG LG AYCG
M ,``aE``H ih``J dG ``MG``dG AdG
dG AdG H GdG gCG G cCG
e 2010/41 `` bQ QGR`` ` `dG QG`` ` `dG ``gO``M
fdG jQG edH dG IQhV
d M bCH AdG e G e
,H aK h jQM KQCG fc MGdG Y
ddG IgX Ve G bfh
eh IOG AGd dG AMCG IaGdG
q bCGh ,IgdG g S e G fj
e IaGdG ddG g e UJ G
G bfh ,dG A```MCG dG
G G LG hL NCG dG
ebE cREG jH dG G Y e
e ```d``H hO`` G Q````dG ```Y ```d``K IQ``M
.FS jH adG
FG OQGG jM M da J zjdG{
jDhdG -Y
edG d HdG dG G dG a
```a``` `` `Y `` j`` H `` ` a`` G ``Y``` ` ` ` d
``eG``dGh ```G V QGh``` d ``HG``HCG I``g```dG
``` ` d ``` ` j``` ` J ``a``` e `` a`` J EG `` ` `eG`` dG
jhJ ae TJ N e IQG fo dG
dGh G ``e QGh```d aG KhQd
jJh fdG aG ``YO Q``WEG ``dPh
.G e Je
``Y``` ` e `` Y`` ` ` `` ` ` `G `` ` `` `dG o ` ` ` ` ` ` jh
``````dG ``` ` ` G `````J IQ`` ` `G `` `G ``e
jdG GQG``````cEGh ``` WCGh ```f```o `dG ``L`````c
YdG ``e O``Y G ``a```VE``H ``` dG``` G h
```ch ``F``` ``c ``j``` G ``` ` ` Gh ````S````dG
YdG e OY Y aG VhG
aVEH adGh dG OG``G e dG
d G G e fLh jG EG
``Gh QdG ``e Ye eh jdG
jQdG ``j``g``Gh GhCGh ec dG
.q aGh
``dGh H o dG ``G dG jh
```Mh k`M````U I``` T``` dG ``e k` ` e``j `` HG`` HCG ````j
jdGh G Vd e Ak e ITdG
fdG G e P Y QGhdG WEG H
Y dG G dG j c ,IQG
EG QGhdG id FGdG AVdG Sbh SG
IQG YfGh MG EG SG fL
. G AGOCGh d
``jh fl o dG ``G H h
jDhdG - e
FG OQGG jM M da eCG fG
G OQGeh bEG jdG IQGRh J dGh
zG Y a G Y aM{ QT
```cC``dG ```H ,````G ```f``j ```M J ``` dGh
QHBGh ``aEGh OhdG) FG OQGG gCG Y
OQG`` G ```Y ```a`````H ``Y``dG `````Jh ,(``` ` dGh
dGh FG aGG q gCGh ,dH FG
Y J dGh jG dG GSG Y
aG e SZh ,G GSG hCG QG``gG
```LC`d ````eG````SG ````Vh ```F``G Ih`` dG ```Y
.eOdG
``e ``Y``` ``` ` ` J ``` Y ``` ` G ``` ` ` ` Jh
jYdG GVc YG fCGh ddG
GQGh YG jRJh adG HGh
aG YdG H EG J dGh jYdG
GG J ``f``L EG ,``` F``G OQG`` `G ```Y
Jh ,Oh``` ` dGh `` ` aCG ``````d ```H`````dG
``aO``g ``eG``H J ````gCG ``` dGh GQO``` G
d fi 4 ZEG
QH dGh dG
jDhdG -QU
bEG jd edG jjG f
,bdG L a G OQGeh
dG ````dGh dG ``H``b``dG I``FG``H
e ce J fH Q```U jHh
``````dG ``` ` ` dG ``e ``F``` ` ` dG ``````dG
``````dGh `````dG ``````J `` fi ```H```
GAG`` LEG P```JG M ,``j``d``H FdG
Vfi 8 QG``` UE` H `` dPh ``j``` dG ```b ``e
GSd U Z fl OG JEG
,GSCG e S eJ H QUCGh S
`` fi 4 `` ` ` ` ZEGh `` ` `d`` fl 8 `` `j`` `h
Hh Yh dG WGTG d
.jdH G e
e ``cC` ` dG ```H```e EG ``` ` G ``` Jh
dG ``WG``` T``H B````G `` g ````J
```e````d ``e``` dG ``a``` ` dG ``` ` e``` e h
GhOCG afh jG VGeCG e gNh
j ``` dGh ``` YG``fCG ````` ``e``````G
.fi 40 e cCG gOY
jDhdG -e
jDhdG - Ie
jDhdG - e
e ``M Y M ```eCG NG
f ```dGh dG ed ````dG
`` ` `SGQ`` dG I`` `FG`` `H ``` ` ``` ` ` dG IQGRh
````G `` g A`` `L .``Y``` ` SC ``` ` dGh
``S``Zh ``````dG ``` G `````J Q`` `WEG ````V
dG ```e```dG i``d dG ``a````dG
`````H ``` ` dG AG`` ` `LEG ``` Y ````````Jh
LJ dch jG fl ah YGfCG
````V ``` ` ` d ``` U``G ``` ` ` JG``` S``d
dG) dG d G IdG
J M dG dG feh (2050
CG ``f```e ``e ```e ``c SSCG I```cQ
G gGHEG -e
IGh fdG
20
JAGH K M `a G gOj
LOdG S
HY J CG eEG eGdGh .dhdG j hCG OGaCG
Qj :UCG Hc eGdG .J HY hCG UCG
;Gh dG UCG Hc eGdG fdG
j h ``jO``` dG ``H````dG ``g ```d```G ``eG```d``a
G eGdGh ,dG Y G Qj G
L ``g``Mh fdG gQj a Ic gCG GP
``H````c ``` ` G ``f``L EG ``gQ``` j `` bh ,``e``g ``Z
S Y G e gQj bh ,jRGL hCG HLh
eGdG G Qj :J Hc eGdG .dG
,jd dS UCG HY fL EG J Hc
gh ,jG j EG dP G j e ``cCGh
HJQG EG aj dG jG ddG dd j
d j CG dH jjh ,hG Z AGKEG YH
:dP e ;aj c dG g df e CG
Q````dG Q```j ``bh ,``e```dG G`` eCG ``S```NGh I```T``dG
HJQG EG aj jL J Hc eGdG
.FNdGh SCG RGMEG jc hG Z AGKEG
AdG ``e ```c ``eG```dG R`` LCG :``eG``` dG ```Yh````e
jM :````e Q`` `KBGh ``jO``MCG ````H EG je
U G SQ Y L Y HCG Y T H hY
e{ :```a G dG ``Y S ``fCG -Sh Y G
AT ``a N e ``Z ``L``M P ``e H ``` UCG
,HdGh e eGZ a e AH N eh ,Y
K a ,``j``G ``jhD`j CG H kT e S ``eh
eGZ a ``dP hO S ``eh dG a ,G
Y CG ``Zh RG``dG Y GhQ eh .zHdGh e
MdG d fZ eGdH bY Y G VQ
,``gh````a ```j``e ``e ``L``d ``b``f G``b``` S ``W``M ``H
fCG XCG CG d Gh eCG { :MdG d Y a
M e j gMCG CG d M fh fJ
cJ PEG Gh dh ,```j``jCG d ```cC Y G
?K ``c d ``b ``K ,```L``J ``eG``Z ```e``ZC
.zFK ```YCG :``b ,FHQCG ``e eCG c ``b
CG EG H jdG RGL dG G OLh eh
f ``h G ``e c LQ RG````H ```dG
```d``G ``H````dG EG ``b `` eh{ :`` b ```M ````dG ``HG
k f FCG gGe Y Z a dP WCGh Ne
jdGY G .O
UCGh G ``fGOEG GPE` a ,``H Ff M QG```UEGh
j fq Ea Hc de eGH Y Mh Ff G
Y YGjEG HdG ddG e eGdG e bG
H G IAGH G b GPEG eCG ,dG eP
dG d H j CG ``d a ``H Ff
.ddG e OGOS
He G ``Y ``bD`G G`` aEG :ddG ``KCG
ddG O``J ,````G c ``e ``a``Jh de dc
.dG L EG hCG G jN
H bh cG GAGLEG L G M GPEGh
```G ``d````dG ````e ``e hCG A`` G ``d O``j ,``` G
,```G ``dP dh `````G ```J Q````M d
.Ff H IAGdH G dM ddG OQ h
e :dG eGdG :UEGh dG eGdG
LQ jh ,``j``dG ``gh dG e IP``NC`e ,DhGOCG j
jdG d ``dG Y dG jh ,``jO Y CG Q``Z
.AeZ Lh ,jO Y dG Yh
ge ``Y j MUG ge ``eG```dGh
b fCG EG ,DhGOCG j e fCG gh ,G dG
e{ fCG gh dG G e NCG e dh dH
G GdEG g eGdG .zkjJ hCG kGjJ DhGOCG j
EG FdG G Qj OdG e e aH Y
jJ ```J ``b ``eG```dG CG ``dPh ,``dh``dG ``fG``N
TQCc CH hCG dH bGdG QdG e M Y
de e FGOCH G j ,G G OQh jG
e kGO``a e c AGS aj G H
j CG Y CG EG be Z hCG be fc AGS
AYCG JQG ``dG CG H dG bY
QdG ``` KEG ````Yh ``` ``dG Q````dG ``Hh IQGOEG
H QdG e Sj CG j jdG C QGeh
.f hCG IOjR hO kjhe j
``jRh QG`` b ``e (6) IO`` G Q`` b `````dG IO`` `jRh
edG ```dhD```G 2002 d 137 ``bQ IQ``` ` dG
cdG LGe gG cT IQGOEG AYC
AG``L ```` `` `dG Q``` ` dG `` Y ``` dGh ``` g``` ` Gh
.fd dG dYCG
``c```T IQGOEG ```` A``` ` YCG ``` dhD` ` ` e ``` J ``` c
IOG e () IdG d kW kjCG FG gG
e (8) IOG dH jQdG cdG fb e (171)
hGJ eGH IQGOEG Y ba fdG GP
SH ed Y jQ FN EG IY H
.gZ dGeCG hCG gG cT GOLe
ddG GfCG
e ddG J :``LO``dG S eG jh
.ebEG H hCG de hCG T dc
H dG j CG g :dG ddG
cG Lh dG L EG QH GdG
FKh H dG L Jh ,dP e W e
,OdG QN EG QGa Y e cCd dPh dG
H ``dPh T dH G`` aEG W d j
GAGLEG Y kGQV j S ANEG CG e cCdG
L EG QM Y Y e j h dG
``f``b ``e (63) IO`` G ````Y ````f ``e G`` gh ,```c```G
.dG FGG GAGLEG
jJ Y (64) IO``G f :de dH G``aEG
``e H ``dP j M ,```d``G ddG b
G ``` ` NE ``gh ,G`` ` eCG ```Y ``` bG``dG ``FG``G
ddG aJh ,dGh G YG Gdd
.dG L j
ddG g Jh :ebEG H ddG
VQCG Y d HKh e ebEG OLh dM
dG FKdG L Y G AH e ,dG
.d
ddG b :``d````dG b ``j`` c
dG G Y dch ,Yfh dG gCG Y
jQ IY e J a dd b O ,H
jN ddG b OJh ,cCGh jQ dCG Fe EG
dG `````dG `` `````G hCG ``````dG ``` L
AYCG Y edG G M j h
dG ``dP ``Y `````dhD```e ```b hO ``c````dG IQGOEG
dhDe Af Y Jj ``dG fd dG
`` ``dhD```e IQGOEG ```` A``` ` YCG EG PEG ``` f``G
Y ``` dG Q````dG ``Y ``g``Zh ```g````Gh ``c````dG
Oh`` M Rh``` ` J ``` dG hCG ``f``` ` d ``` d``` G ``` d``` YGC
fb e (109) IOG Y f e Ggh JMU
dhDe IQGOEG AYCG EG) jQdG cdG
dG QGVCG Y gZh gGh cdG
RhJ dG dYCG Yh fd dG dYCG Y
fJj gEG hG Z CG Yh JMU Oh``M
dG J aJ Y Y dch ee AGOCG
.(e hX G
Y jJ iYO J CG gG cT M a
jOdG edG G PJH dG QG``` VCG
Hf JTeh iYdG ebE T H GQG``b
iYO ebEH GQG``b G J GPEGh cdG Y
Hf i``Y``dG ``g ``e``bEG ge qC ``c jd
cdG ``f``b ``e (110) IO````d k```W ``c````dG ``Y
.jQdG
d T iYO j CG ge d j c
kT dG QGVCG Y jdH dd
dhDe g IQGOEG AYCG dhDeh dP AGL
ITG QGVCG Y jdG J K eh jJ
ffb ee
HY Ie J GW fG bM SQ e a ,jOCJ CG fc
,GS K Y J CG Y IG HdG I jRGe Ia GW K eh
Y G j fdG MC kah dG H QYG OSG GPEG EG
dG fG G EG :( 51 ) IO``G . fG bM e jjJ HH
FXdG J G :g HdG IOG Y G e j
,````fG ``Mh ,```H````dGh FdG ``F``X``dG ``J ``Gh ,```e```G
hCG SdG ``SQG``G IQGOEG ``Gh ,``FG``G jh fh e Mh
.jdG dCGh ShCG M Gh ,a dG h ,UG
LCG OW dK
ebEG e fK
G Y ```G ``gh ``e``bEG e Y a ( 47 ) IO``G ``eCG
Y j ``e ``ch ,e ````eCG Y G`` aEG H ``L``j CG Y
dG eCG K Ie ebEG j bDe HgQG HH
a abG dG eCG fdG H ebEG h ,G Y
EG ,HGdG LQdG M DhfG hCG Y G j dG hCG jG
HDG dG hCG G``YE``H Y M e .``dP ``N VdG Q``b GPEG
ffdG SCG MCH HY S hCG Y H JY e YCGh
21
aK
ihH dhdG dG M bJG M Ihf J zdG{
eM J zdG{
IjL fCGh eGH
jQG eCG - e
dG ``````H ```````dG ``` ``` Y
``H````fG ```H hCG ```Y````LG ,```f````dG
``dPh ;dG Md d ``j``G IQGOEG
e O``Y QH ,Q```G J G
`` dG- ``` ` LG ``s ```J ```M ;`````dG G``` ` Y
dG FQ dG GY H L SCGJ
Qh```G ``e kGO`` Y -G IQGOEG I````Yh
dGh ,dG G``gCG LH JG
dG ````f ```````dG ```d``N ``e ```````J
```F``f Q``` ` N``H ``` ` ` dG CG`` ` `H ``` M ,`` ` `G`` Hh
TJ Y GdG ```LEG ``N ``e ;Fd
Fd Ff jQG dW H ``eCG eYEG
dG RQdG Qhd GjJ dPh ;dG
IdG N dG eGHh fCG J eb
I``j``G ````dG ```N ``VG`````SG ```c ,````V``G
Ye ``` d``` ah ``eG``H ``````J ``` dGh `````d
``dGh ;(2) ICG``G aU QG``M Ve gQJ
dG dG dG e kbfG J Ia JCJ
E`a ;hCG f ICG`` G aU QG``M M
N I``j``L IQhO ``G J J dG
.2014 G dG
GgCG e e ddG g Ia Jh
Y ```````dG hD` `` `T ``` ``` ` ` SC` J ``` dG
UGdG `` ``j```J J ``` dGh ,````S```SCG
QaCGh eG OJ Mf e dG H
;G ``F```S``dG ``N ``e ```e``YEG iDh`` dGh
``` j``G ``` J``e``` ` G ``` ` ` ` dG ``F``` Sh :`` ` ` gCGh
FSh edG O``G dG H ``NCGh
GAdGh GQG``G Y N e G ``YEG
G G``G e IOSG dch ,eYEG
QGG CG QYG Y jCG dhdGh HdGh e
``````dGh ``` ` dG Q``` ` dG ```U```Y `` gCG ``e ``g
ICG``G QhO gCH YLG YdG SEGh
Ya GY fc G dG
aU QG``M J jh ,```bQh G J
MhG QhG N eh fdG ``JQhO ICG``G
G J fdG ICG`` G QhO ```J :EG
S ``H ``S``H``b ``d``G MU ``f`` edG
,Y aG -``YQh G M- G
fdG ICGG cQe dN e dL cCG dGh
dG Ua N e ;cQG dG Ie
````f```eh `` ` gQhO `` YOh ``` X``` dGh ``jQ``` dGh
,dG T eSEG IQhVh ,G
LCG e JGQeh JGNh JGH AJQd dPh
fdG dG ge jJh ,``W``dG A```H
EG ``YEG QhO beh ,eYEG G
dch ,iQdG HfG ICG``G cQe
G U jG ``YEG QhO Y ``b``dG
i``d ```f``f```dG ``a````dG``j```Jh ,QG``` dG ````U EG
.YEG dSQ N e ICGG
dh Ye gGG{
FH Ihf ..zce
edG dW - FS
Ihf FH G SQ eCG bCG
``c`` ,z``c````e `````dh ``Y````e ``` gG``G{ G````H
`````dG Ih`` ` dG `` YQ ..``F``` ` ` H `` H`` dG ``jQ``` dG
,``F````S Gh ``F``f ```T````dG G``` Y ``H `````S
e je MdG fi H S QcdG QH
.ddG QeCG AdhCGh FH HdG GTEG
e ```gG``G :hCG ;``jQ``fi Ih``` dG Jh
H N Q```c``dG ```e``b ,``H``J ``e```SG Q````e
,ihH Ad dG H Vfi HG j
A``` HC` d ``` eBG ````H ``a``J ``` ` gCG EG ````a ``` J
Jh SG jdG Y jGdG e gGh
GO````dG AGOG ```Y ``g``j```Jh ```gG``G ```b A``` HG
MdG e gGG :dG QGh .JGdG bGGh
H A``ah FNEG eb ,dGh YLG
AHG J IQhV G a bJ ;MdG MCG
bGU ``j```Jh ,dG e G ``NG Y
SG ```JG ``Y I``` SG O````HGh A``` HG ``e M
dH AHCd dGh fCdGh jdGh IdG
gGh Y CG``dG Va h gYe Y
.JZQh d
```SQ``e I``j``e ```f```W``dG ```W``a ``` ` VhCGh
IhdG ``g e dG CG ,SSG d G
``Wh MGeh gGH Q``eG A```dhCG YJ ``g
```d```SC``H ````j```Jh ,``` Y``` ` LGh ``` ` jO ``` L``Y
``Wh ,A``` HCG ``e ``e````dG dG ``j``H``dG
. gGG Ia e dG QKG
jDhdG - e
H ````G ```YQ```c``dG ``` e Qh`` j
c ,`` YEG ``jRh G Qe
efH ```J ```dG dG ````dG
QUh ihf e c JG SGQO
``````dG IQGRh `` e I`` Y`` H ,`` d`` ` `Uh
.dG
Jz`H GkZ de GQ``jR CGJh
``f```e ``` Y ``` ` dG ``` H ;zih`` ` f
GQG ``gCGh JG ```SGQO efH
c ,```````dG ``eG``H jj ```dG
h``` ` dG `` WC` `J EG IQ`` `j`` `dG `` ` `J
IQGRhh dG dG IQGRh H G
XdGh ``jQ```dG `` `` YEG
`` e`` f`` dG G`` `g `` ` `j`` Nh `` ` `d
.G eYEG SDG
QOdH -JQjR N- de jh
````JG ``` SGQO ``e``f``d `` O`` cCG
FdG S - ihf
H Th jUdG Y H H e jh QH
ja QTh .G S H SHh jG N
e ``` ` jh ```b ``j``a ``` gh h``` ` dG ```` hO ``e
Y Wah dG Uf QfGh bhdG fi Y
jh IG HdG GQ``eEG eL jah ,HdG
dG `` g ``` W``ah `````e``dG `````e ```W``a ``e
.jhdG M Sh
FQ ``` Uh``G G``` Y ``H ```fi ``d```dG ``` dCGh
YCG ;MaG c zdG U{ YL
G YGd feGh T Y dN e
dG YG ``YOh ,Gh cQGh
dG M bJG M SG IhdG bf
IG GAG`` LEGh UH jdG{ dhdG
dG ,z``gP```fE Ad ```dG ````Gh ```dG IQGRh
dG G ,eCG U ,dG IQGRh f
dG ````VG``Gh Qh``` G ``e ``j```dG ih``` H Ad
b e Jh gPfEG ```dBGh bJG J
IhdG da aG YQ bh ,bdG GP G
ch ```G de ``H Q``H ``H j Q```c``dG IOS
J He FQ YLG dG IQGRh
Y IOS QHh ,dhdG dG M bJG
UCGh dG IQGRh ch QdG fi H M H
.NGdG afi Ih IOdG
IQGRh ```ch IO````S ```dCG ,````aG M ``jG``H h
jT j WCG CG a VhCG ;c ,dG
H jh JGh JUN d YLG
dG Y k a e GQOEG Y h``L``Y ``gh
``eD` J GAG`` ` ` LEG EG ``L``` H ``` a ``d``d ````j````H
``j``NBG ``eP Y k`b```M d ``J``j `` jM
e ```Th dG C```H G ``` SEG ```gG M
C` H ``` dG ``H``Jh ,````c I```M ``d ``eD` j ``e ``` G
kee kegG VG dG jf e T dG
dG ``e ``j```dG ``V```dG G```d `````SoCGh ````d``H
CG EG ,``d````dG M edG ````gCGh SdG
dG M bJG RhH c RHCG jQdG G
fGh jdGh bd VYh YG dG
20 I````G C` d ``e```dG `````G QG`` b ``L``
k````Y k ``` b ```b```JG ````M ```M ;1989 ```a``f
b e BG M Y jdG h dG e
fG dG hdG OY Y jj OY gh kaW 193
.IG Cd
e M LJ Y J bJG EG JOS bh
J Mh WCH AJQG f hdG G
d jG S aJh bH AadG jW Y
bJG sJ M ;dG e h
jH VJh jQNG dcJhHh IO``e 54
j CG j dG SSCG fG M a d
ZQ :``` VCGh . hOh ```e CG ``` WCG H
SG Y AH bJG EG fG dG CG
H Y dG H OLh e 96/54 dG
z oY L{ e jL OY QhU
dG MCGh dG fi - e
jDhdG - e
VjQ
22
dG S - hH
ddG dG fG ..G
zSdG GQdG{ Le e
dG X dG
jDhdG - e
GQd dG LG da J
J ``dGh ,G G ``j ,SdG
e IQS 100 f cQ GQdG IjL
``e ```j```dG GQ`````dG ``` LG ````
IOS jYQ LG j M ,edG
eCG dG S H GM H S dG
,WdG dH Md dG dG ``Y
IdG ``cQ``e ``j``g ``d```dG ``bG`` ``dPh
.TH jH
SdG ```M ``H `````S `````dG `` bh
ad dG SDe IQGOEG FQ
dG `` G G``g EG :``jR``` dGh `````dGh
HdG Y jYH dG Gg JCj dG
`````G G`` `dG A``` MEG `` LG ``e ,GQ``````d
GM a Qj M SdG GQdG
eY e IQOdGh dG GQdG e 100
M ``L```G CG kG``cD` e ..I`````dG GQ`````dG
YG FSh f kGc M VG dG
```d```a `````J CG `` eC` fh ,``` H``` dGh `````G
cQe 2014 SdG GQdG Le
:SdG VCGh .GQdG Y e ShCG
dG Le ``N GQdG I``j``L J
Y J ```dG ddG ``e jdG ``G
G gadH ```U``dG ``LCG ``e ``e``j QG``e
VdG MS Y ``jOO``Gh cQG ac
H e VhG GQdG YJ S dG
dG AdG Nj ,HG h .
Ra N e L f J UQ h
d dG jQG dG hG Qh``dG
````L```dG ``` ` aQh OQG `` `SGQ GP `` e
AG G``g R```dG AdG Qs ` c GPE` a ,jdGh
HhdG X OG
jdG X G
jQd JOQe (f 36) jdG UGhh
f aH (f 27) G Y RdG H
Ye ah ,Ge j ``dG WdG HjO
J CG jdG YadG eG GP G
d baQh dGh bhRG SG GhZ eCG
jdG R``HG edG dG CG h```jh ,aH
dG d ``dG G LGj ```dG
dG eG
eCG ;IJG dG Y OYGh YadG
d LM jdG UGh ae e c
.G G ae e H ej jL J
QU X QU
22) QU
TT ``e (f 28) Q```U
fGh
fGh
dG gL SCG YHH be M ;(f
Y Ydc IQ````G a df ``dG ``b``dG
.j H OQ AL dG Wd
WdGG NCG
U X
d ``j``L ``e U QRCG ``G O`O `Yh
```` `` ` Y `` ` j`` Y R`` ` `H GQ`` ` ` `` ` ` ` fG
29 EG UQ aGQ f KHH dG
dG
J b U ch ,SOdG cG f
dG O``G e 1/1 OH
````a ,``` ` V``G ``` b
dG Y UQ
.NCG b cG 12
eb Vh eH SCdG Mf egG Lh
.FdG
jDhdG - e
N ,hCG ```eCG Ae ,bCG
,WdH KdG G Y jQe
Y WT dH ae V
.2014 d IFdG Id fdG
IOb ja Ra ,hCG IGQG a
Y WdG T a WT
T ```a`` ``W```T IO``` b ``j``a
.U/2 bdG
ad ``e```dG dG ``j``a R``ah
IQGOEG ``j``a ```Y ``` ` SEGh `` G
jDhdG - e
dG ja f dG d dG Id f e ,GNDe ,NG
2014-2-27 e IdG N dG Od G f jH VjdG
dPh ;UGG TGQ H S H TGQ dG jYQ ,2014-3-28 EG
.TH VjdG SHb dG YdG H
jah ,AcH jh e G T ja H FdG IGQG bCGh
;0-1 ```G T ja RH IGQ```G fGh ,A``c``H ``jh ``e SfS
Uh SfS ``j``ah d H ```G T ja ``J dHh
QGOCGh ,jdGh SH JG jb IGQe jdG Y ``bh d
TdG Y YSh Md M dG a h``dG G IGQ```G
.IGQd bGe dG eMh HGQ M G GYh KQG TGQh
jhdG GQ```G VGS Ia IGQ```G WT H IGQ```G Jh
.adG eb
YLG e a dG Ic jJ rY
dG O``G YLG YH ,hCG eCG ,ddG
Y dG S ``H LG ``SCG``Jh ,```dG Id
dG AYCG QH ,dG FQ IdG OG IQGOEG
dG VG S H Gg dGh ,aG jfCG
dG G EG aVEG ,Od dG jG dG eCG
;VGG e jdG be LG ``N h .O````H
Md dG N Jh ,dG UNG :gCG eh
Le ebEG Y LG N cCdG bh ,eOdG
14 `` ``YG``dG d hG LG ``gh e a
dG e je LG j Sh 2001/2000 dGe eY
.eG Gd ddG JOS Y dG FQ Y
s bh .QG
dG X Aa
Y GH dH OHEG Ua Aa QgCGh
e Q```dG SJ ``e G``L``Y dG Uh
Ue dG Y dG d f S EG
dG O``Y dG hJ H Aa e
Gf Ad fGG IdG J h 42
dG Zd SS JG dG dG e RdG
aG h S L jW Y G
dG X QX
d jdG id IVM ZdG J
```````dG ``````dG ````d R`` ` dG
Yd dG AGOCG Y IGQd
J h ,G```G VQCG Y
``` g``MC O`` ` `` `dG ``` ` f
MG ``Y``` VhCG d
Q``` X ``` ` ` d ,`` ` ` dG `` ` gCG
``c``G ``` 30 d
dG M a eG
f 31 ````U``H ``` HGQ
Y aG ``eCG d
HH U G``eCG dG
b Q``` X CG ``` ` YCGh
G dh - jDhdG
jQG dG H GdG MGh QhdG TG
HjEGh G`` gCG IQG``Zh IQ``KE``H aY dL
.G fCG Y GH FdG
dG e jG cG dG dG ch
Sd 1/3 A``` ` a ``` Y ``` G R`` `a ``` H 20`` ` dG
O``Y ``a```dG h````J ```H IQG``` ` dG ````` dG
dG c LQ G``gCG Qa CG Z ,42 dG
dG N MU QYH aT IQGdG AY
JOQe jdG ```UGh a ..HG i``bCG
G ```Y `` Z R``` H h`````dG ``` Gh d
Ge j dG WdG HjO f aH
d Ge ddG cH be UCG Rd
.jQG
ah ```VQCG Y QU QSG a ;QU ``eCG
be YHH Z L
OQ ``dG ````NCG T
`````Jh .``` ` j ``` H
`` ` `Y`` dG `` ` ` c`` e
``` ` ` dG `` ` `
S O``` ` H
`` ` ` j
``e CG
23
VjQ
jDhdG - e
fdG - e
GHEd jfCG He Ff ,eCG ,VjdG hDdG IQGRh YCG
.jG fS S H U De ,HdG
FQ VjdG fCG ``Y je FdG S H N ``bh
e T HG EG{ :HdG GHEd jfCG H FdG dG
SGh 2013 af e hG e IdG N hCG Me fG
eYEG Jh jfCG T e Gc YJ ,2014 jj e 15 M
VCGh .UGdG FShh IAhGh YG YEG FSh fl e
Se bG T HG J MGe S dG GAMEG CH
ie Y dG e fdG MG T c ,Ie cQeh
jGa 28 Mh 2014 jj 16 e IdG N f dGh aG
INCGh ddG MG R``aCG ``bh ,cQG H jb ae 2014
VG SQe T f dGh dG ie Y dG e
EG QTCGh .HG fl IGh IYGdG gGG e GOY
M ``fEGh QcdG a HdG G``HEG aSG jfCG He G
gGe R``J dG ```Gh fCG e jdG J M ,S 30
G ,HdG G fl YGHEG dG bWh
H fi M :c 85 Rh h .``HG``dG ``c``G
Mh ,gdG dGGh hCG cG dG Y
SCch dG dGG Y gdG S H g
cG GQ``dG S H SCG ALh ,dG cG
a ,cG SCch jfhdG dGG Mh ddG
Rh h .``HG``dG cG cH S f s `M
dGH e Y MCG JGQeEG J :c 90
N H dN Mh ,hG cG SCch gdG
,dG cG SCch dG dGG Y TdG
ddG ``c``G ``F````dG N ``H ```S``j A`` Lh
W ALh ,cG SCch jfhdG dGG Mh
.HGdG cG QdG Y H
dU ``H `````Y ```M ,``` c 90 `` a Rh h
,cG SCch gdG dGGh hCG cG G
dGG ```Y ```T````dG Q``` e ``H ``L``e ````Mh
Se ``H ````Hh ,``` dG ``c``G ``SC` ch ``````dG
SCch jfhdG dGGh ddG cG edG
cG TdG Tg H GY AL a ,cG
.HGdG
70 Rh h .eG cG G K H Yh
hCG ``c``G SG N ``H a M :c
RMh ,cG SCch gdG dGG dH SGh
dGGh dG cG Y HG S H GY
dG S H dU Mh ,cG SCch dG
ALh cG SCch jfhdG dGGh ddG cG
HL CGh ,HGdG cG G fi H SL
.eG cG MCG
dG S H SL M :c 75 Rh h
RMh ,``c``G ``SC`ch gdG dGGh hCG ``c``G
dG ``c``G dfL ``e``c a dG
QH H GY Mh ,cG SCch dG dGGh
SCch jfhdG dGGh ddG cG TdG
.HGdG cG gdG MCG H QY ALh ,cG
LOdG O``` U ``H ````g u` `J :``` c 80 Rh h
Qe Mh ,hCG cG ``SC`ch gdG dGH
cG ``SC `ch dG dGG TdG Sj H
ddG cG TdG Sj H MCG fh ,dG
G Sh ,cG SCch jfhdG dGGh
,dG dG jH jG NG
f ````LCG A````d ```Yo ``d```H ae
e ``H O```M dG ``j``Y``H ,I````Y ``jO``G
FQ Ff a O``Y QcdG QHh ,G
Ad ``` j``aEG O`` ` G ``` ` FQh h`` ` dG O`` ` G
cQG H Gc aJ ddG Th .LCG
85h 80h 75h 70h 65h 60 :``gh ;GRhG fl
VGSH aG b bh .c 95 ``ah 90h
Y eb ,aQeh IOe g Y JY
,IjG G dG e dG gKCG
c c Gkc vjgL GkQM ddG Th
LG Ad fdG dG QO``H M ;be
OY QM H G G EG bG H
G GRhCG Ff A``Lh .gG e c
J :c 60 Rh :dG dG Y ddG
IFLh gH G``` G G```Y ```L ``VQ```dG
cG G QhS H OY ALh ,hCG cG
,cG ``SC` ch ``````dG ``` dG``` G `````SGh ``` dG
ddG cG TdG dU H dGY Mh
MCG H QOf ALh ,cG SCch jfhdG dGGh
cG TdG OMh ,HGdG cG edG
cG Le ``f M :c 65 Rh h .eG
,cG ``SC` ch ````g``dG ```dG```G ``d``H ``fh hCG
dG cG TdG fi H TdGY ALh
g Mh ,cG SCch dG dGG SGh
jfhdG dGGh ddG cG LOdG fi H
,HGdG cG QG g ALh cG SCch
e ae GkOG``YCG jJ H j efH
K OGYCG fL EG ,UG OhCG Y
j VjQ a J LCG e ,AjSCG e
.aG V Jh jQJ
efdG Gg hdG UG OhCG Jh
VjQ `` `aBG ``` a ``` H ;1989 ``` dG ``` e
IjL ae V YdG ``eCG IjL
gh ,G aCG H bG eOEH
dG ``U``G O`` ` `` `hCG `````J ``b ``` dG
L e VjdG e dG Gg J Ia
fG G``g AG``KEG ```ZQ dH fl
H ``cQ``` ` G ``` Y``dG GQ`` ` b ``j``` Jh
jJ Y IMG VjdG J M ;``Y
IOG `` ` `dCG ````H ````V``j``dG GQ`` ` `G
jDhdG - e
jDhdG - e
Y dG UG OhCG UGJ
eO Jh G G``` TEG ``LCG ``e hDh`` dG
dPh ;G jdGh gdG bYEG hP
g ed kYJ cCG Ua MJEGh N e
.H UG dG
,dG ``U``G O``` ` hCG ``` ``ah QGRh
HGdG jQH IQcdG cQ e c
,dG UG OhCG H VjdG jG
eYh ,GQO```G efH je JGdG iJh
OhCH ``j``````dG `````dG ````Y ``` M``dG
IQGOEG jd IQjdG g JCJh .dG UG
VjdG fG Y a FdGh dG
OhCH G QhdHh YLGh adGh
H cGd IjL GHCG ah dG UG
J jHh YG JQGOEGh Wh dG
Ua SJ Y J dGh IMG ```dCG
bYEG hP e UTCd VjdG SQG
N e A``j```SCG UTCG jGh gdG
.G VjdG eGdG JcQe
Y ``` Y I``Y``` ` G EG IQ`` j`` dG ``a``gh
d J c ,G gP bG efG
cQG Ua VjQ eGH ``jCG cQG
G`` ` `TG `` `N `` e `` eG`` dG `` `g ``` e
J H ``` j `` dG ``U``G O``` ` hCG
Y IQY IMG Vjda ;VjdG eGdG
LG J d OdG g RGMEG H
dG IGQ``` G ```T ``Nh ,``dP hO ``M
jdG YVEGh IQKEG dN SG dGh
,jdH j ie Jh UdG e
fi H U IGQG FbO NG eh
IGQG O`` ` YCG ``` FGQ ``` ` SCGQ ``e ``Y``j``dG
cd jdG dP H d jGd
dG ja M dLdG
,cQ He ``cQ ``HQCG bGH fdG
ja Ib gdG Hd dG d
H Le M ,fdG QG``Gh FGG
fdG dG ``j``a ``e dG ```S
QGOCG .IGQ`` `` ` G `` Y ``` ` aCG I`` F`` L ``` Y
.HGdG Pe Jh dG dN GAdG
Hd d ,cQ He ``cQ H
,fdG ``d```G ``j``a ```LG`` ```g``dG
ja ``e Q`` ` dG `````e ``H ``` fi ````M
Y aCG IFL Y fdG adG
.IGQH
L dGh ,dG QhdG jQe NBG h
FQ e ja e fdG dG ja
rT ,``j`````dG OQG`` G hD` ` Th dG
M adG e mY ie J IGQG
Le b e UdG e jdG YVEH
hG ``` ` dG ``````e `` Nh ,``` j``` dG
g J dG S H Le
d fdG ````dG dd ````dG
jdG OQGG hDTh dG ja V
jDhdG - e
dG S QWEG JCJ dGh ,dG IQhO ,dG ,J
IH G dG T e ``cCG O``Y IOS G
jHCG 4-2 ``e `` jCG 3 i``e ```Y `` dPh ;``a``````d ``` dG
GTEG ,TH VjdG SHb dG ,QG
Sj Q```c``dG h``dG VG dG ```d e Vfi
.HdG e jQL e G M
SHb dG eL M 25 IQhdG Qjh
G H Y e e eh VjdG HdG b
;UNh eM L gh ,YGh ad
,ddG d cQG G eCG dG a LCG e dPh
TH H c J CG W CGh S dG dG CG c
ddG CG c ,ddG ``g Qj ``MGh M
,e e G Sj :gh ;dhO M 4 a LGS
VQh ,cJ e c dHh ,jOdG e SQdG Yh
IQhdG cQG G j CG Y ;G``jEG e S
jDhdG - e
idG dC d WdG e H ,dG ,QOJ
ebEG QG G ddG cQd MhdG EG
KK cQ ,G dG e 6 EG 4 e IdG N
,G bh jdGh dG :gh ;a e
jdGh GQ`` ` eGh ``jO`````dG ``````e ````YCG CG ```H
ddG bfG b ddG cQG ``Y HfG
e KH ddG ebEG S gKCG Yh ,eH
.HdGh dG a aJ N
e GOa 35 j aH ddG g dG QJh
dG d He 13 Yh Wh QGOGh a RL
LCG e cQG g JCJ M ;HdG d He 14h
Y j dG HdG eG e c H IOSG
dPh ;Yd MdG Me eOdG Id O``G
G aVEG ,dG g e WGNEG LG e
.Yd dG bQG dch HG FdG
Ie
hO````e
f ```dz..R``j``d ```H ``Y``` ````FQ)
ajh ,jd aj e g HdG q CG Sq dG
d ajh ,jdG a ajh ,JGhd
(z..SCG HQC ajh AT
JGdG aJ
LCG e Vf CG ?LGh g e{)
OS ```Y I````U I`` gR ``Y``J CG
(zYh fL
AdG
jJ dG eR e W)
````J `` bQ`` dG `` g ``` dC` ` ` a ,`` ` bQh
,``````J ``` b ,``` ` ` J hCG ``` ` dG
kSQO J ,d eGMG OGRh QYa
k
(OHCH Y d H
bdG
i J ebCG H)
``` ` d `` ` `Y `` L`` N EG O`` ` fi
`` k ` aQh ``` ` d``H k` `` `aQ ``` ` ` ` dG
(J CGH dG JUQCH
FdG dN
www.alroya.info
info@alroya.info
fdG S
IQGh fQCG
iMEG H e GW CH -Qj CG hO T NG ,G hdG iMEG HY Z YGd Gk NDe JgT zjaz`d H bG
Sj e g G CH gjEG kGce ,V c a dG{ CH dG b d ,YV fq EG Y CS EG dG Md dGh dG
..zg dh dP H
h ..e fjJ He AG``LEG fH ,gGf AGL Ic de Ba dG LdG J q h ,Gk`L c H zjdG{ Gg fG
YGdG Gg WH feR dEG Sa ,IdG AGOdG dG H j j M ,zHCG{ b g LdG b QTG S q EG G
.k a k T bj d
DdDdG Y e d I``MGh H ``eCG CGH ,Oa jb dG cfi dG HCG fH j ,YGdG e jb NBG e h
dh ..eM Xe a G ZCG ihTQ FGL Y IQY OdG jb ZCG q CG eCG RQdGh ,IRN IRN eeCG jh dG
.??SSCG dP j GPh ..Gg UCG e MCG d H ,Y jd M h dG IQKE cCG
.ITdG LCG e zW Z{ RGH Vj H CGh ,eG XG ITQ EG GhVG fq CG Y GLCG b ihTdG e ZCG q EG
..Od aGbG Y KG j h ,Cd jJ Lj ..eCG a G Uh c MCG H Y k TCG dSCG J c
dh ,dG aheh Ic cT e ch ,fGdG ah GAGLEGh ee jd eM Xe ITd kej ADg VG dh
.jdG H zf jJ{ EG LH
e jdG d hhjh ,jOYG Jee AfEG LCG e d Vj dG WdG Y -T H - jG H MQj c
Y j fq CG j Ggh ,f dG dG hCG jJf dG YdG Y eG XG dCa eG H gf{ dP fG bGG
.J Y j dG HGdG M jh Y WdG GJ c ,eG d d J
d zS{ Oa ,HdG Uh dG dG JbY H ICdG e Ic kb OdG j CG kM dG e
eG QeCGh YCG{ dOG aG e k H dG h ,dhDH SMEGh ,e da dd ..f e NCj CG hO jH ee
NCG gh ,Wh AHCG gh ,Ic JGREa ,gOGaCGh eG SDG gGf TCG fCG .zAT M GPEG TCG fG hCG ,WN Y
!OH GhK RGSG EG kej VCS g ..i``NCG hO YS fYG dG gG g e VeGh bM dG dh ..Q``Lh LhRh
.eG XG jY j bM dG J ch !!OcCG Ga WCGh LCG dG eh Y dhDH QdG kej aOCS g
Sumaya@alroya.info