II Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ -•’-üµ¿¢√®Ωç 22 °∂œ-v•-´-J 2006

Dinesh: Hi Ramesh, I hear (that) you have Ramesh: My brother hasn’t seen my new bike
bought a new bike. yet. He has been away in Chennai for
bike
(†’´¤y éÌûªh éÌØ√o-´E NØ√o†’/ the past four days. We expect him
ûÁL-ÆœçC) tomorrow.
Ramesh: Yes, I bought it the day before yes- (´÷brother new bike
Éçé¬ Ø√
terday. I took it to the temple yester- îª÷∞Ïxü¿’. Çߪ’† Ø√©’-í∫’-®Ó-V-©’í¬ îÁØÁj o™
day, and had the pooja done. ÖØ√oúø’. Í®§Ò-≤ƒh-úø-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√oç.)
(Å´¤†’, ¢Á·†o éÌØ√o†’. E†o í∫’úÕéÀ Dinesh: Have you shown it to our friend
BÆæ’-ÈéR} °æ‹ï îË®·ç-î√†’) Kapil?
Had the pooja done = °æ‹-ï îË®·ç-î √†’ (éπ°œ-™¸èπ◊ îª÷°œç-î√¢√?)
Dinesh: Wish you a happy ride on the new Ramesh: Yes. I showed it to him yesterday a) I bought it the day before yesterday.
u have + pp/ has + pp †’ á°æ¤púÓ v§ƒ®Ωç-¶µº¢Á’i É°æp-
bike itself. He liked the colour very much. bought - past doing
(¢Á·†o éÌØ√o†’ – 鬕öÀd actions
öÀ-´-®Ωèπÿ ïJ-T† èπÿ ¢√úøû√ç. °j con-
ride = bike, scooter
(´÷´‚-©’í¬) ≤ƒyK, (E†oØË îª÷°œç-î√†’. ®Ωçí∫’ Åûª-EéÀ î√™« word) versation ™ Ñsentences îª÷úøçúÕ.
ride
™«çöÀ ¢√£æ«-Ø√© O’ü¿ ¢Á∞¡xôç èπÿú≈ †*açC). b) I took it to temple yesterday and had the a) I have used my bike for only two years
Dinesh: Do come down this evening. Let me pooja done (È®çúË-∞¡Ÿxí¬– Åçõ‰ È®çúË∞¡x éÀçü¿öÀ †’ç* É°æp-öÀ-
have a ride on it. ´-®Ωèπ◊– Ø√ bike ¢√ú≈†’. Åçõ‰ action from
E†o í∫’úÕéÀ BÆæ’-ÈéR} °æ‹ï îË®·çî√
(≤ƒßª’çvûªç ´÷ ÉçöÀéÀ ®√. ã≤ƒJ ††’o c) I called your home three times yesterday then. Å°æpöÀ †’ç* É°æp-öÀ-´-®Ωèπ◊ ïJ-T† °æE.)

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù b) I haven’t had (have not had) any trouble with

-†-úø°æF ü∆Eo.) Phone
116 Ramesh: Oh, certainly. (ûª°æp-èπ◊çú≈).
؈’ O’ ÉçöÀéÀ E†o ´‚úø’-≤ƒ®Ω’x î˨»
it so far
trouble
(ü∆E-´©x Ø√éÀ-°æp-öÀ-´-®Ωèπ◊ àç ™‰ü¿’) Ééπ\úø
(Till now)
èπÿú≈ É°æp-öÀ-´-®Ωèπ◊ action
ïJ-T† èπ◊

I haven’t had any trouble have + not + pp (haven’t had)

Éçûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ ´÷brother
verb - has + not + seen)
îª÷úø-™‰ü¿’.
¢√ú≈ç.
c) My brother hasn’t seen my new bike yet.
(yet= bike
Ø√ éÌûªh
d) Have you shown your bike to Kapil?
Ramesh: Thank you. I have called your home Dinesh: Bye then, see °j ´‚úø’ Ææçü¿-®√s¥-™x†÷ time ûÁL-Æœ† Past (F bike Have
éπ°œ-™¸èπ◊ îª÷§ƒ¢√ (Éçûª-´-®Ωèπ◊–
three times yesterday, but there was you this shown)
actions 鬕öÀd bought, took, called ÅØË past
no response. I wanted to show the evening. e) He has been away in Chennai for the past
doings words ¢√ú≈ç.
bike to you. four days
(Å™«Íí, ≤ƒßª’çvûªç a) I have seen the movie; I saw it yesterday.
phone
(O’ ÉçöÀéÀ E†o ´‚úø’-≤ƒ®Ω’x (Ø√©’í∫’ ®ÓV-©’í¬– Ø√©’í∫’ ®ÓV© éÀçü¿öÀ †’ç*
éπ©’ü∆lç). ¢Á·ü¿ô time îÁ°æpôç ™‰ü¿’ á°æ¤púø’ îª÷ÆœçC. É°æp-öÀ-´-®Ωèπ◊ Çߪ’† îÁØÁj o™ ÖØ√oúø’. has been
bike
î˨»†’, é¬E á´®Ω÷ áûªh-™‰ü¿’. Fèπ◊ éÀçü¿öÀ lesson ™ Åçü¿’-´©x have seen (have + pp). È®çúÓ - ‘be’ form - state of being -ÖØ√oúø’ – ÅØË
îª÷°œ-ü∆l-´’-†’-èπ◊-Ø√o†’.) îª÷¨»ç ´’†ç– have + M. SURESAN ¶µ«í∫ç™ yesterday ÅE îÁ°æp-ôç-´©x, saw - past
Response = Ææpçü¿†. Phone ™«çöÀN á´-È®jØ√ Å®ΩnçûÓ)
past participle/ has doing word.
îËÊÆh °æ©-éπúøç response u So, have + pp/ has + pp- Ñ verb form†’ éÀçC
+ past participle (PP)_ (DEo present perfect b) We have finished our breakfast; We finished
Dinesh: We were at my cousin’s to attend a Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x ¢√úøû√ç.
tense Åçö«ç)– past action time not stated èπ◊ it an hour ago. 1) Past action, time not stated (í∫ûªç™ ïJT,
function
cousin
(´÷ function
Éçöx èπ◊ ¢Á∞«xç) ¢√úøû√ç. Ñ Ææ綵«-≠æ-ù™ èπÿú≈ Å™«çöÀ ¢√úøéπç (¢Á·ü¿öÀ ¶µ«í∫ç™ time îÁ°æpô癉ü¿’, 鬕öÀd have time îÁ°æpE °æEéÀ)
Ramesh: Any idea of buying a new bike?
îª÷úøçúÕ. finished. È®çúÓ ¶µ«í∫ç™ ‘an hour ago’, ÅE 2) Action from then till now (Å°æpöÀ†’ç* É°æp-öÀ-
bike
(†’¢Ëy-´’Ø√o éÌûªh éÌçü∆-´’-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’- You have bought a new bike = †’´¤y éÌûªh time îÁ°æ¤ hØ√oç, 鬕öÀd finished.
´-®Ωèπ◊ ïJ-T† °æEéÀ)
Ø√o¢√?) bike éÌØ√o´¤. é̆ôç past, Å®·ûË á°æ¤p-úø-ØËC c) The police have arrested him; They arrested u have + pp/ has + pp (pp- Åçõ‰ past participle)-
Dinesh: I have used my bike for only two îÁ°æpôç ™‰ü¿’. Verb: have bought = have + just, just now, ÅØË ´÷ô©’ ¢√úÕûË É°æ¤púË °æ‹®Ωh-
him last week.
years. I haven’t had any trouble with PP ÅD past action, time stated (í∫ûªç™ (Ééπ\úø èπÿú≈ have arrested (time not stated); a) ®·† °æ†’-©èπ◊ ¢√úø-´îª’a.
it, so I don’t find a reason to change ïJT, á°æ¤púø’ ïJ-TçD time ûÁL-§ƒ-´’-†’-éÓçúÕ)– ¢√úÕ-°æ¤púË •ßª’-ôèπ◊ ¢Á∞«xúø’=
arrested (past doing word because time is
He has just gone out
it. Å°æ¤púø’ past indefinite / past simple tense stated) b) Train É°æ¤púË ´*açC=
bike
(Ø√ †’ È®çúË∞Ïx ¢√ú≈-E-°æp-öÀ-´-®Ωèπ◊. ¢√úøû√ç. Åçõ‰ Past doing word (came,
trouble
Ñ difference English ™ very important. So The train has just arrived.
Éçûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ ÅC Ø√Íéç É´y-™‰ü¿’. went, sang, danced ™«çöÀ verbs ¢√úøû√ç). c)
´÷®Ωa-ö«-EéÀ Ø√Íéç 鬮Ωùç éπE-°œç-îª-ôç- ´’†ç have + pp/ has + pp èπ◊, Past doing èπÿ ¢√Rx-°æ¤púË ¶µçîË-¨»®Ω’=
Ñ Ææ綵«-≠æ-ù™ ü∆E Öü∆-£æ«-®Ωù îª÷úøçúÕ. Ö†o ûËú≈ î√™« careful í¬ í∫’®Ω’h-°-ô’d-éÓ-¢√L. They have just had their meals.
™‰ü¿’)

PRACTISE THE
ANSWER:
FOLLOW-
Ñ game ÇúøçúÕ É°æ¤púø’ O’®Ω’ îËߪ÷-LqçC.
I know that he has gone- sentence model
Ñ
Interviewer: O’ Nü∆u-®Ω|-ûª©’ àN’öÀ? sentences
(ŶµºuJn): ؈’ B.Tech î˨»†’. Interviewer: What are your qualifications?
í¬ BÆæ’-èπ◊E áEo Å®·ûË ÅEo ņôç
Candidate I know that he has gone. Model: sub + Vb + that clause
Candidate: I have done B.Tech.
Interviewer: O’®Ω’ B.Tech degree á°æ¤púø’ BÆæ’- Åûªúø’ ¢Á∞«x-úøE Ø√èπ◊ ûÁ©’Ææ’. I Know that he has gone
Interviewer: When did you take the B.Tech
èπ◊-Ø√o®Ω’? That he has gone= ¢Á∞«x-úøE ´’J-éÌEo examples:
Degree?
Candidate: ؈’ B.Tech exam June 2004 ™ (that èπ◊ Ééπ\úø Å®Ωnç = ÅE.) She says that she knows Telugu.
Candidate: I took the B.Tech exam in June
®√¨»†’. Result Aug 2004 ™ That he has passed = Åûªúø’ pass Åߪ÷uúø’ He does (not) know that it is mine.
2004. The result came in Aug
É™« English ™ that ûÓ begin ÅßË’u ´÷ô™x OöÀ™x a) questions b) dialogues
èπÿú≈ practice
´*açC. 2004.
verb (6 forms of verb í∫’®Ω’h-Ø√o®· éπü∆?) Öçõ‰
Interviewer: Å°æp-öÀ-†’ç*
îËߪ’-´îª’a.
Éçûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ O’Í®ç- Interviewer: What have you done since a) Does she think that I am a fool?
îË-¨»®Ω’? then? ü∆Eo ‘that clause’ Åçö«ç.
Candidate: ؈’ ã software company ™ Candidate: I have been a programmer in a Ééπ\úø ... that he has gone- that ûÓ begin ÅßË’u b) Kumar: Do you know that Ganesh is here?
Kesav: I don’t. How do you Know that he is
Programmer í¬ ÖØ√o†’. software company. Ñ ´÷ô™x has gone ÅØË verb ÖçC. 鬕öÀd, ÉC, here.
Interviewer: É°æp-öÀéÀ O’èπ◊ áØËo∞¡x experience? Interviewer: Howmany years of experience ‘that clause’. Kumar: Your sister has said that he is here.
Candidate: ü∆ü∆°æ¤ Ææç´-ûªq-®Ωç-†o®Ω. have you had so far?
Candidate: About a year and a half.
Interviewer: îª÷úøçúÕ, O’È®ç-ü¿’èπ◊ éπç°F ´÷®√-
©-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o®Ω’? Interviewer: Look here, Why do you want to -v°æ-¨¡o: He is a student of learn well school ÅE -O’®Ω’ ®√¨»®Ω’.
change your company? He is a student at learn well school ÅE Öçú≈L éπü∆. N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’.
Candidate: O’ éπç°-F™ job îËߪ÷-©ØË éÓJéπ
Ø√èπ◊ î√™«-é¬-©çí¬ ÖçC. Candidate: I have had the wish/ desire of – -üµ¿-†, £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛
doing a job in your company.
Interviewer: That’s OK. O’ certificates
Interviewer: That’s OK. Have you brought
-ï-¢√-•’: A Student of, Student at- Ñ È®çúø÷ correct. Å®·ûË A Student at Learn
well School éÌçîÁç formal. -¢√u´-£æ…-J-éπçí¬ student of a School/ College/
ûÁî√a®√?
your certificates?
Candidate: ûÁî √a†’.
Candidate: Yes, I have. University ÅØËüË áèπ◊\´ ¢√úø’-éπ™  ÖçC.
Interviewer: ††’o îª÷úø-E-´yçúÕ.
Interviewer: Let me see them.

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm