ytk0d .

f
PA-OH MAGAZINE issue 17 - June 2011

uAsm
tGO.f [dKG ef az.aovdwaf pmif.xef.wom
'JOo
f .D vmaAGrwfwefS
a'ghS&DwrG .f eif.rd;k rd;k pH-aig0f;ocsifS
tifwmeuf ytd0k .f vdwrf ihJ g
az. u,HxiJ ;f
ytd0k .f xmSrmSom;z0
rmSa&mifaomhS vufrwfaem
w,f.p - 15/06/2011
ASwdKG . - 14/07/2011
xJ k i f . crf ; tpd k ; & tD . aAG m if r mSaz.,if .
xmSrmSom; vuf r wf S wome0f S oG L ?

FREE
ap.wem.

PA-OH MAGAZINE 1
pa-oh magazine tem.*wf q ig,d k utD . yJ i f . qJ i f . 'g. crf ; xD / utD . xd e f S 'g. pd G K ;cd G K Saem0f S
atm0f . 'sm.vd k S ay. vd k S ,G J o D ; [ef . eD S tavmif ; oG L ?
xGm;a[mfSc&m.
Contents vdwfuwl.pJOf.
Editorial wJr;f vdwo
f m; aig0f;wrm

wJrf;vdwfom;aig0f;wrm wGrf.umwGef; e0fSrS 0g.oem.AdKG efzuf

uAsm
&ufcKGd S wJr;f vdwf xGm;vdwf aAG. cGef
ajymifSvJkif.ao.ao. (cGefaomrwfpf)
vdk.wdGKif.yif. (cGef0D&cGef )
eif.oD;zHk. ae;wGrf.ap.wem. az.tm.pGJ;yif.
&G r f j zJ K if S a&mifjzmSzJhSzJhSwJif atmif.rsif.ASwdGK.vJOf.
tG O f . [d G K ef a z.ao vd w f a pmif . xef . wom trJik f (1&) ,do k LG /
rG L ;at.pG L .rwf w ef S eDoOG ;f oD; ytd0k .f rJu*f odO;f ,dk
(rdGK;aqGydk=cGefarmif.uH.) tD.ax oGKyfigavGSxJif.'sm.e0fSrS
'J O f o D . vmaAG rwf w ef S aAG. cGef eif.oD; az.tm. pG;J urf;rk,kd eDoOG ;f oD;
(cGefarG;)
rmSa&mif a omh S vuf r wf a em
wake up! t0f.aumhSarmifS'sm. atm0f.usKd.qGKrf.'sm.
wao.ao.oGL?
(cHSAGma0;) xmSaoxmS'g./ e0fSrS eDytd0k .f vdSk rsKSd vdwv f ikJ Sf ,dk
az.u,H x J i f ; ynm.,HaAG vdKG if.udKG efSa&StwGuf az.uwdkSwufaem0fS ytdk0f.wdGKifS
(arwWm.om; y&[dwcGef) ytd0k .f rJu*f odO;f vdwaf pmif.aem0fS pGKrf.jzmS t0f.vdk.avGmif.Al. t0f.vdk.yif.xdk
td G K r[mrpm. eD & yf & m. aAG. cGef eif.wGuw f m./ eDytd0k .f vdSk rsKSd vdwv f ikJ Sf t0f.vd.k rmSudik g.vJO;f tausmifS tGO.f [GKefAm.
(cGefZm.enf.a[m0f) az.upGpfSvDaz.uwdOf.acGgifS az.uwdkSwuf
wmcsD v d w f y&[d w ausmif S aemif c H S
EJil ;f ,do
k LG ?
e0fS wGr.f oS&ifSap.wem. EsSaxAm.oGL? &dSk &dSk omSomS / usKSd usKSd pmSpmS
(cGefynmaZm) ytd0k .f vdwv f ikJ Sf ,dk tem.*gwq f Sig
erf ; armh S Am.rS uG J ; aovS eDrmS pdKG .cdKG Svdwvf ikJ Sf pGpSf vDwm.
,Haz. uwdSk wufxiJ ;f xJi;f / ta&mif. ,Huav eDrmS ytd0k .f avGmif.Al.wm.
(xGuf"rRom&)
r*F v m.xmSrmS
AefxiJ ;f xJi;f e0fS vdSk 'g. vdSk aozH.k vdSk &GOt f 0f. eDrmS ytd0k .f wkSd wufxif.xdw k m.
(cGefokw) om;zH.k / tHzk GD t0f.zDrG KGd ef;0ifS/ aEGmifS&mSzJSh rJik Sf /
'g.&mS tacg0rf ikJ Sf / pG;J udyk if.udk t0f.vd.k tGO0f ifS cG e f a omrwf p f
ytd k 0 f . vd w f v J k i f S wG r f . a,ef . iJ ; a&Stpd G K S
xG m aEG m if S q&m. vd w f y td k 0 f . A[d k . oG O f w ef S usKSd pmS cGKrfrmSaqmif.&Guu f akd z.vJO.f eDpKGd ;cdKG S xG m aEG m if S a&Swm.0G e f . cH .
(cGeaf rmif.crf;) tavmif; pGKrf.jzmSjzmSe0fSoGL? paomagazine@gmail.com
[0f a oc&m. A[k o k w
( cGefqm.AGm )
vd w f a 0G . zef .
(a0;cGeaf rmif.)
a'gh S &D w G r f . eif . rd k ; rd k ; pH aig0f ; oScsif S
(cGefav;)
xmSrmSom;z0 xJ k i f S crf ;
(cGefAefuD)
eD v G O f x J k i f S crf ; e0f S
(eif.cHSAGm)
xd e f S od r f S aoG m h S obm0taomif t &if S
(cGeftm.udGK@S)
wG r f . ap.wem.rmSuk o d k v f . /
eD y td k 0 f . a'gh S &D w d G K if . yif . /
xG m ;nD S 0if S "mwf y G H K .yG , f S (bef a umuf )
(rdGK;aqGydk = cGefarmif.uH.)
ytd k 0 f . tif w meuf vd w f r J h i g
(rdGK;aAG=ydkcH.)
ytd k 0 f . vd k S ,G J ; pd G K S
cGefacwfpH
Catoon by khun thang hto

2 ytdk0f.rJuf*odOf;
rdKG ;aqGykd cGeaf rmif.uH. wJr;f >
ajymifSvJik .f ao.ao.
t0f.xD. t0f.ao
achSav t0f.usLH .armhS
t0f.vd.k a'gSh eDwrG .f emS
aAmhSwGr.f nmS ,l.EJil ;f rJik Sf
u0f.vJik Sf obm0,dk
vdSk wJeh 0fS
acwfwehJ 0fS
pepfwehJ 0fS
,l; 0g; wGr.f zd;k yem; wJeh 0fS
xD ar. wvDS [H. wJeh 0fS
&m.oD.Owkz.kH ,dk ao.ao. t0f.ajymifSvJik .f ?
eDvSkd zH.k ut0f.armhSusL.H Am.e0fS
[H.wAD.csi.f tHk &dSk uDwhJ
urBm.wacg0ef 0fS cGSEJil ;f 0
urBm.wacg0ef 0fS vsm;EJil ;f ar. ?
urBm.wacg0ef 0fS crf;wef xDveG ;f (xDwef)
urBm.wacg0ef 0fS crf;acgi.f xDajcm; ?
urBm.wacg0ef 0fS t0f.tH.rxmS
urBm.wacg0ef 0fS tH.vd@k w0f; t0f.wGr.f tvdKG ?
urBm.wzJSh e0fS avvmif;om.,m.wJh
urBm.wzJSh e0fS achu&pfSig.oGL?
atmf @ @ @
urBm.,dk AdKG efpOG .f twvHKG Sa[mif;
urBm.,dk AdKG efpOG .f tpH.ysm.a[mif;
urBm.,dk AdKG efpOG .f twacif.a[mif;
arG;w0f;awGmSh
t0f.wodKG ef'sm. 0ifSa[mif;aemf?
ydKG ;xmSrJik Sf t0f.ajymifSvJik .f ao.ao. @ @ @ @ ?
cGeaf omrwfpf ([dyk SkH )
cGe0f &D cGef (xDacghS) ausmufwefS wJr;f >
vd.k wdKG if.yif.
ys\em.u&dSk aem0fS
atm0f.wzJSh vGKrfSxGmvGOaf rG;w0f;
wJuq
f iJ .f rkSatm0f.vd@k 0ifrSwJif
xGmvGOaf o.csm.oGL?
acGw&hJ Skd 'sm. @ @ @ @ @ @ acGwrm.awm0f;
emSwJ&h Skd 'sm. @ @ @ @ @ @ @ emSwrm.awm0f;
ae;trJO.f w&mSvGO;f vGO;f wJif
xdKG if.rmSvGOx f mSrmSzH.k ,dak em0fS
tqJik Sf oGwSf ys\em.xdKG if.xGLvJh
xlScsmrkS wrJik Sf wJh wtJOaf xm0f;?
uG.J awGmSh
aum;om;uoDvhJ @ @ @ @ @ @ oDvOJ ;f
aum;om;uarmhStDxmS'kuw Q hJ armhSvJO;f
warmhSawm0f; woDawm0f;om;vJh @ @ @ @
trdOSf EGKrfSaoifxSkd vd@k vOJ ;f ?
xlScsmrkS wrJik Sf atm0f.
wdSk wufrSk wrJik Sf atm0f.
csrSf om;rkS wrJik Sf atm0f. a[mif;
tH.'sm.'JOf yigy&mS
ud, k Sf uG,.f 'sm. bk&mSvGO;f vGO;f wJif
ydk rdO.f rmSxJh 'JO0f ef.aem0fS
rdKG ;zm cGe;f wG.J aEGmifS vJh
rdKG ;zm rmSyS'JOzf KGd ifS,dk
ydzk .kH wcGe;f AGKef.awm0f; tausmifSaem0fS?
cGe0f &D cGef (xDacgSh =ausmufwefS)
PA-OH MAGAZINE 3
 rdKG ;aqGykd cGeaf rmif.uH. wJr;f >
utD.axxJif;
tGO.f [dKG ef az.aovdwaf pmif.xef.wom
vd w f a pmif . rd O f S oScsSH om.wm. 0dy\em. = tyg,.f vdpSf Am.vGpf wzlSxif.edAAmef. /
wJ r f ; om; aAG.od&D"rR = arwWm.vdGKif. (ausmifSaemifcHS)
axaeif . 2011 Am./ 'JO&f w k qf efS(7)usmSoyawSeDS/ a0ifSuderf ikJ .f / ausmifSaemifcSH ?
tausmif S c&m. Ak'b < m.om. vdSk wdKG if.pGKrf.jzmSb0,d/k oScsSH om. erf;csSH om./ az.uaoem.
w&mS0dy\em.wGrf. tyg,f.vdpfSAm.vGpf wzlSxif.edAAmef. tausmifSc&m.zHk.e0fS t0f.ygVd
jyef.ytd0k .f xGL az.uaoem.pJi;f e0fS yl.aZmf.aEGmifSvJO.f oGL-o?
vdwfrJhig 216 rJih g / tidSk "rR'ge xm0&ukov kd .f 'sm.oGL-o?

vd w f a pmif . rd O f S ytd0k .f xmSrmSom; (*sme,f) vdwaf pmif.

wJ r f ; om; tem.*gwf y td k 0 f . ay. vd w f a usm.nm.
ytd0k .f xmSrmSom;pdKG S
axaeif . 2011 Am./ a0ifSrJ;a[mifoOG f ?
tausmif S c&m. ytd0k .f orJiSf / ytd0k .f xmSrmSom;pdKG S wjzmSwGr.f wjzmS qdKG ufaxhvSG 0ifSe,f.
oGSay.&Jik ;f zufr.l cdk cGef eifS oD.zH.k -o
az.uvJik ;f vGO/f ytd0k .f xmSrmSom; xmSaoxmS'g. xmSvdrmR . oS&ufpKGd ;cdKG Saz.ut0f.tmvGOf
,dak em0fS eDoOG ;f oD;
pwJirf sKSd pGKrf.tausmifSc&m.zH.k t0f.ygaomhSoGL?
tem.*gwf ytd k 0 f . ay.
vdwfrJhig 10 rJih g / tidSk tifwmeJuf vdwrf ihJ gavmif;wJh arwWm.vufaqmif.'sm.oGL?
(rav;osm;pdKG S) ,dk tD.xGKwaf xavGS
&D;oGwSf tae. yxrcif.um vdwaf pmif.wJif
vd w f a pmif . rd O f S tm.&k%.f wom vdwaf pmif. uxGm'g. oGSay.&Jik ;f zuf rl.cdk cGeef ifSoD; ,Haz.
wJ r f ; om; &ufcKGd S = ytd0k .f ay.vdSk ,GpJ KGd S uyomaEGmifS vdwrf w l iJ f avm0f;[dKG e&f ;D Am.EJil ;f
,dok LG ?
tausmif S c&m. tm.&k%.f womvdwaf pmif.,dek 0fS acwfum.vtavGmufS yuwduxGmvGOf
tausmif S c&m.rsKd S pG K rf ; az.uyg
uuJik v f OG f uajymifSvJik .f vGO'f g. eDvSkd oD;z0tHt k 0f.a&S/ crf;xDa&S/ z0vGKrf;AdO.f a&S/ ynm.a&S/ aEGmifSe0fS xGLwum.w0f; ytd0k .f &yf&m./ ytd0k .f
Ycif;oefSa&S/ vdSk tcGiSf ta&SwGr.f obm0taomift&ifSudpP pwJit f a&SzH.k avmif; "rR"Xd mef. vdwfvJkifS/ ytdk0f.a,ef.iJ.a&S/ pDSyGmSa&S/
e,fStvS wGr.f vdwyf KGd ufa'Ggi.f a'Ggi.f tc&m.pGKrf.pGKrf.wJif xGKrf.&Grf wGrjf cGO;f wJr;f _cJKif; zef;a0G.avGS tm;upm;/ tEkynm.&JkifSwodGK;rkS umwGef;
uAsm vuFm. aqmif;yg;/ az.ynm.vdw&f OJ .f /
az.'sm. eDytk0d .f crf;om;vkSd xrfSomS oD;zH.k e0fSoGL?
0wWK aEGmifS&mzJSh rJik Sf az.uygSaomhS vG0ifSwJif
tm.&k % f . womvd w f a pmif . a&.rd k ; csuf e 0f S az.yomaomhSvdwfrltausmifS tGOf.[dGKef
acwftavGmufS ytd0k .f aig0;f iGga0g[m&zH.k ,HuwdSk yGmS vdKG if.uGKefSwdO.f acGgiv f OG /f ytd0k .f a'.oudk avGSAm. EJil ;f ,do
k LG
yuwduxGmvGO'f g. Zmwf&OJ .f t[0ftuJik zf .kH twdKG ifS wGr.f rwfwefSt*F g.vuQ%m. taAGwAm.
yomaxvd w f r l cgif . vrf ; e0f S
wJif ,HuwJr;f uJpSf wJpSf rJik f ,HtOG .f uJik cf gSaEGmifS pGKd ;cGKd SorJiSf rwfwefS/ txD.t[GKef A[kow k
cGeo
f &l (016 3424467)
khunpaoh777@gmail.com
wGr.f &Jik ;f [efrSk zH.k ,Haz.upGKrf;xGwSf aomhStmvGOf eDytk0d .f vkSd tzl.tAl.tuk/d uawGmif;w&sm;'g.
w&mSOya'.ta[hS,dk crf;om;oD;pGKrf.jzmS cGScGSoSoS ,Haz.ucH.pmSAm.vGO/f uGyaf wufSEsSrmS cGe&f ikJ ;f (017 6485659)
aEGmifSrkSzH.k wJif oSxmSirf;w&sKd ;rkS ut0f.wGKd ;awif'g. crf;om;vkSd xrfSomSoD; erf;avmif;uD khunyaehan007@gmail.com

zH.k ,dk ,HuazhxSkd rm.vGO/f up'g. EJik ;f e0fSzH.k oGL? cGew

f ifr;kd 0if; (017261767 )
naingwinkhun@gmail.com
vd w f a pmif . xef . aEG m if S a&StpG d K S cGecf rf;&m. (0147184665)
1? cGefAefcsm rGO;f zsipf pJ af qSvdwrf l 2? cGefrsdK;xkd vdwaf pmif.'DZidk ;f khamrar@gmail.com
3? cGefqefu D pk&rG vf w d rf l 4? cGefaomrwfpf ajz@SvDvw d af vmif; cGeaf usmcf rf; (0102995122)
rakkham.khunrakkham7@gmail.com
cGecf spo
f J (0165072519)
oGKyfoG,f.axaEGmifS cgif.vrf;/ tifwmeufe0fS
khunchittae@gmail.com
E-mail: pa-oh-newdawn@gmail.com
www.pa-oh-newdawn.blogspot.com
4 ytdk0f.rJuf*odOf;
 ref ; bm.om. xJ k i f . bm.om. t*F v d y f b m.om.

ytdk0f.ay.vdkS,GJ;pdGKS tGOfigax rdShk at.pGL. rwfwefSvdwaf pmif.

r*Fvm.'sm. oGSay.zH.k -o?
xGm;a[mfSAm. ytdk0f.ay.vdkS,GJpdGKS
uax'sm. rd@k Sat.pGL.rwfwefS vdwaf pmif.e0fS
oS0ifSpmSc&m.[0farG;ig.tausmifS wJr;f jcJKif;
e,fSAm. ytd0k .f ay.wGuw f m.EJil ;f ,do
k LG ?
vdwaf pmif.,ked 0fS az:.xef.,D;e,f
avGS pGO.f vH;k oGm.atmif(ausmufr;D aoG; owWK
wGi;f ) obm0taomift&ifSzH.k uarmhSusKH .
vGOAf m.vJO;f tusKd SoGKyfz.kH wGr.f utD.armhSusKH .
avGSorf;,if;'g. tusKd SuJik zf .kH aem0fSoGL?
ytdk0f.ay.vdkS,GJpdGKS tGOftudka&S
f D a'gSh weDSweDS a0GSoD;ucl.vS'sm.
cGecf seu
ar.oG m .vH k ; e0f S wef a ygif S (2000)vd G K oG L ?
e0f S rS a'.ocH . ut0f . tH k ' sm.
crf ; om;trsmS,d k wm.qG m S(aeif . tm)
az.uwd G K .armh S Am.rd G K ef ; (cef S wd G K if S ,yf S )
cef S wd G K if S wvSawm0f ; uxG m aEG m if S 'g.
obm0abStE W & m,f . wG r f . xmS'k u Q z H k .
e0f S
,d k c g t0f . vd k . cH . xl . trsmSqEN /
t0f . vd k . wd G K if . yif S wG r f . trsmS/
t0f . vd k . tG O f . qd G K ;vJ O f ; ar.oG m .
vHk;atmif/ xGLe0fS rmSEJlif;rJkifS[0f/ rmSEJlif;
rJkifha&mhS/ t0f.vdk.a'ghS&D; t0f.vdk.wdGKifSyif.
wG r f . 'H k & yf o m;oG L ?
ref ; crf ; ud k ar;oG m .vH k ; atmif
ut0f.'sm.(16)axGmif;e0fS wDusp, f kd xGmpGO.f
'sm.twef o G w f S ar.oG m .vH k ; atmif o G L ?
ytdk0f.ay.vdkS,GJpdGKSwGrf. csKdpGL &JkifSwodGK;rkS
uxGwaf x'g. (ref;/ t*Fvyd /f xJik .f ) rd@k Sat.pGL.
rwfwefSvdwfapmif.,dk atm0f.,D;e,fSaz.
oufao xmS'kuzQ .kH oGL?
uGyaf em0fSrS eDoOG ;f oD; ytd0k .f &yf&m.
a'.oudk qJif.wGrf.taomift&ifSzHk.aem0fS
t0f.vd.k ,l. t0f.vd.k rmS t0f.vd.k xdeSf xGm;udk
oGL? eD&yfa'.o,dk vdSk ,G;J acwfwom az.uvS
ynm./ az.utGOf.a&S'g. taomift&ifSzHk.
e0fS t0f.vd.k az.ynm./ t0f.vd.k az.tm.oGL?
eDytd0k .f &yf&m.a'.oudk aoif.0g.az.uvdKG if.
csm/ ,l.0g;zHk.az.vdGKif.tme0fS t0f.vdk.xdefS
xGm;udo k LG ?

(avG S wzl S rwf w ef S =&G r f j zJ K if S =a'G g if . )

eDytd0k .f vdSk rsKSd xmSrmSom;pdKG SzH.k wdKG .vGOx
f ikJ .f crf;wGiSf weDSwm. rGL;eDStHyk qm;wJah rG;/
a'.oE mW & wzlSpJO.f wJx h mG / avhvmoGOx f .l e,fSynm.wJah rG; e0fSrS eDoOG ;f oD;ytd0k .f rJu*f odO;f pdKG S
tGOif gwrG .f aAG.&[efSoHCm. avGmif.Al.rmSavGSaz. vSukov kd .f vSA[kow k wzlSpJO.f EJil ;f ,do
k LG ?
7=Edk0ifbmv 2010 Am.aeif. rGL;a&m0fScd;k (7)em.&D.e0fS pkjzGr.f vGS0ifS ausmifS'kopf
udo
k LG ? (8)em.&D.aem0fS t0f.a0ifS Aefaumufxef.avGS ecGOyf xkrb f &k mSap.wD.wef xGLe0fSavGS
uyforG Sf ausmifSxH;k axmifS/ xGLe0fS avGSv,f.,if; 'kw, d urBm.pJSh wxmwefoLG ? xGLe0fS
avGSv,f.xGm; 0ifSu,Ju'f sm. &kyrf eG (f rl;0D;)z&Gm.rpf pwl', D o kd LG ?
weDSwm. wzlSpJO.f ay.,dk tGOif gom;wGr.f uaz.'g. uwl.pJO.f e0fStwdKG ifS a&mhSarG; ,HarG;
auSZlSwif.arG; xl.*GK%f.arG.tausmifS wJr.f az.csmAm. vdwaf y.wapmif.EJil ;f ,do k LG ?
wzlSavmif;wJh t0f.ygwrG .f vdSk a'gSh jcJKif.e,fSaz. vSxGmtDA[kow k xGLwum.w0f;
wzlSoJiSf wvD;vGKrf;e0fS &Gpaf ysm.nDSAm.wGr.f eDytd0k .f um&mtdak u aig0;f ocsiSf zH.k oGL?
avGSnDSwzlSom; = cGefrwfawmifS ([dkyHkS)
tHk,dk@S xJkif.crf;?
PA-OH MAGAZINE 5
 ytdk0f.zHk. = &GpfSaysm.nDS0ifS aig0f;ocsifS
aeif. 1372 Am./ (19/ 3/2011) yG,Sf wefrLG ;eDScdKG Sytd0k .f 'JOo f .D vmaAG a0ifSbefaumuf xJik .f crf; (awmifSrJik rf Sk ) txdeSf trwfxmG /
ytd0k .f =crf;udo
k m;vdSk rdOSf wefwrJ ;f &Gpaf ig0;f ocsiSf om; cGeaf tmifEikd /f cGe&f aJ oG;/ cGew
f ;l av;/ cGe&f EJ ikd w
f rG .f eif.rd;k rd;k pH= pwdwo
f sL;d yG,Sf [ef.aeif.e0fS
xl.qefS oS0ifSpmSrkS yG,Sf wJw h ef/ yG,Sf wJ, h H ,dck gy,
G Sf xGmaEGmifSa&S aumf.rwD.om;pdKG S[dKG e[ f 0foSa&S xl.*GK%.f wJr;f 'if.Am. vdwrf wfwefSEJil .f ,do k LG ?

vdSk z0xmS,l.udk xJph OG .f wajcmifcsiSf / aig0;f wJt

h .GD acwfwom wJr;f &Gpf aig0;f ocsiSf *Dwrl;/ erf;yJi.f oHpOfwrG .f wJr;f &Gpaf ig0;f ocsiSf
cGefatmifEdkif = &Gpfaz.tm.aig0f;ocsifSyGHK. cGef&JaoG;=&G
= pfaz.tm.aig0f;ocsifSyGHK.

ytd0k .f vdSk ,Gu

J kd vStmarG;ig. az.tm.rkS ytd0k .f aig0;f ocsiSf acwf,kd (a&mufSpwm.) ytd0k .f aig0;f ocsiSf acwf,zkd ShJ pGKrf.vS
wJr;f &Gpaf ig0;f ocsiSf tusrSf pm;/ toefpm;wGr.f tyeJO.f pm; tEkynm.cdKG S =
cGefwl;av;=
av;=&Gpfaz.tm.aig0f;ocsifSyGHK. cGef&JEdkif = &Gpfaz.tm.aig0f;ocsifSyGHK. eif.rdk;rdk;pH &Gpfaz.tm.aig0f;ocsifSyGHK.
aeif. 1372 Am.aeif./ yG,Sf wef rGL;eDScdKG Sytd0k .f 'JOo f .D vmaAG (19/03/2011) xGLatmif.rsi.f vJO;f oGL? utGOif g usKSd aqmif.az.'g. yk*Kd vf.wJeh 0fS
ae;wGr.f avGmif.Al.rkStm.&JiSf wGr.f uvGOaf z.tm.'g. &ufcKGd S ytd0k .f xmSrmSom;zH.k wJeh 0fS yG,Sf xGLutGO.f 'if.az.'sm. "mwfyKHG .wa&Sa&S
zH.k wJeh 0fS eDoOG ;f oD; ytd0k .f rJu*f odO.f pdKG S [dKG efa[m0foSa&S xl.*GK%f. auSZlSwif.ig.oGL?
6 ytdk0f.rJuf*odOf;
 12 = tm.&JifSpdGKS
aeif. 1372 Am./ (19/ 3/2011) yG,Sf wefrLG ;eDScdKG Sytd0k .f 'JOo
ytd0k .f wJr;f &Gpaf ig0;f ocsiSf om; 12=tm.&JiSf pdKG S cGex
f eG ;f a&$ (tGOif g) aysm.aysm.oGi.f oGi.f avGmif.avGmif.Al.Al. &Gpaf ysm.nDS0ifS aig0.f ocsiSf yGKH .oGL?
12=tm.&JiSf pdKG S aig0;f ocsiSf aem0fS crf;udk crf;xef. vSarG;ig. az.tm.rkStpdKG S,H wpdKG SaeaeoGL?
cGefol&zHk = aumifZefxdGKuf (OuUX)
vdSk tcGiSf ta&S/ rsKSd ay.tcGiSf ta&S/ xmSrmSom;tcGiSf ta&S/ crf;tJOf
x0f;om;tcGiSf ta&SwGr.f Oya'.zJSh qJi.f &mSusi.f v,f. yk**Kd vf. cGeo f &l zHk
aumifZefxKGd uf (OuUX)wJh t0f.vGOaf z.tm. eDoOG ;f oD; rGL;eDS cdKG Sytd0k .f
'JOof .D vmaAG EJik ;f ,do
k LG ?
cGef eif. = xmSusL.om;pdGKS
avGmif.Al.rkStm.&JiSf wGr.f [dKG ef[0fx.l *GK%f.arG; eDytd0k .f xGKH SpH.a,ef.iJ;a&S
xmSusL.om;pdGKSwJh ae;wGrf.ap.wem./ ae;wGrf.0g.oem./ az.tm.
usL.e,faz.avGSEJil ;f ,dk pGKrf.aeif.aeif.oGL?
f .D vmaAG a0ifSbefaumuf xJik .f crf; (awmifSrJik rf Sk ) txdeSf trwfxmG /
cHSAGma0; wJr;f
xJik Sf crf; - ytd0k .f xmSrmSom;zH.k
rmSa&mifaoGmhSvufrwfaem
xJik .f crfukd eDytd0k .f xmSrmSom. w&mS0if.wGr.f w&mSw0if.
w0f;e0fS taqhSoGwSf (20000)jzmS t0f.ao.csm.oGL? eDytd0k .f xmSrmS
om;udO;f tmtme0fS vufrwftOJ .f x0f;/ t0f.pGO.f wJh t0f.'sm.vufrwf
twk/ tvJO/f tpJpw f arG;w0f;oGL?uGyyf KGd ;pGO.f wtGO.f a&Sw0f.xmSrmSom;
vufrwfwJifS eDytdk0f.xmSrmSom;zHk.e0fS tHkt0f.rkStac.tae.e0fS
t0f.,yfSwdKG .[ef.eDSoGL?
e0fSrS eDytd0k .f xmSrmSom;zH.k az.uxGmw&mS0if.e0fS t0f.vd.k
rmSig.vJO.f xmSrmSom.vufrwfoLG ? ,dw k vJi.f xJik .f crf; (0Ge.f wefz.kH
tpDSta0GSxGL) oSabm.AdGKefcsuftvStD.rmSaz.,if; xmSrmSom;
vufrwftausmifSaoxGSAm.EJil ;f e0fSoGL?
w,f.p (15/ 06/ 2011)
ASwdGK. (14/ 07/ 2011)e0fS tpdk;&xJkif.crf;/
tD.rmSaz.,if. xmSrmSom;vufrwfSwome0fSoGL?
rmSvufrwfe0fS avGSoJiSf csmig cd.k vsm;eef;Am.w0f;/ aqmhSqm
xmSwJhavGSvkrfSvmSerf;woD;,GHK;vS/ xGKrf.xmSrmSwJh,dkS pwJifSzHk.
e0fSoGL?
rmSw0f;vufrwfe0fS cH.Am.0ifSqGrfS/ cH.Am.0ifSwdwfEsS/
eef;cd;k vsm;Am.ao.ao./avGSwoD;,GKH .wJh vd@k tm&GO/f avGSoJiSf csmigwhJ
,yfS/ xGKrf.xmSrmSwJ,h yfS pwJizf .kH e0fSoGL?
PA-OH MAGAZINE 7

arwWm.om; - y&[dwcGef (wJr;f ) >
ytd0k .f
ytd0k .f
ytd0k .f ytd0k .f
vd k S rd O f . ,H a rG ; aem0f S eD y td k 0 f . z0 atm0f . xmS'k u Q j cm,d k ,H u vG p f x ef .
xmSavAGma&mif.xsS ,HwdGK.xif.vSe0fS acGtD.ul.nD.pGJ;udkaz.Am.tzJhSrJkifSeJ;u&dkS'g.
oS"mwf & uf p d G K ;cd G K S vd k S rsKd S ,d k t0f . vd k . vG L ;ao.ao.ig.0if S oG L ?
owW a vmu
cdKG if;um;wJif oSut0f.'g. owW0g.
ref.or#e0fS 0HomEk&uQdw oS"mwf&ufcsm
tcdGKStEG,f.atm0f.pGKrf.rsKdSrsKdSaem0fSoGL?
xGmvdSk wJh
&ufcsm'sm. vdSk cdKG SEG,.f
xGmw&dpm> ef.wJh
&ufcsmwd&pd m> ef. cdKG SEG,.f
xGmydwmW .vJSh
t0f.&ufcsm'sm. ydwWm.cdGKSEG,f.zHk.
vGO;f vGO;f oGL?
xGm;aAmhSqsmolS trGL;wAm. tGOf
tay.zH.k tydak z.utH.Am.tqm. pGKrf.Am.Am.
e0fS trGL;v,f.jcJpSf tGO.f e,favGS az.zD;tGmzH.k
xdKG if.zH.k ya'G.zH.k pwJiu
f xGmaEGmifS'g.a0GSydq k m.
zHk.oGL?
wrl/ w0wfS/ ,l;/ 0g;zH.k vJSh EJil ;f aem0fS
aeae 0ifSrdKG ;arwWm. 0ifStcdKG SoD.G ,m.zH.k aem0fS
&ufcsmvG'sm.0ifS yigy&mSzHk.oGL? vdkSwGrf.
w&dpm> ef. owW0g.zH.k e0fS taAif. ttH. cHSpmS
umr*k%.f aem0fS t0f.yDyAD KGd ef'sm.0ifS uGm.'sm.
xmSaow&mS wpdKG ;vGKrfSe0fSoGL? ynm.rdO.f
wtJOfaxm0f;vdkSe0fS 0ifS[JhSvdkSw&dp>mef.
v,f.wD.q&m.awm.wef wJrf;aoScgSuAsm
(arxk e f r D 0 J td y f p m;vd k @ / a,muf s m.eif h
EGm;rm/ jynfhtpHk uHkvHk&dyg/ odynmwwf
wyg; EGm;xufydkom) t&dkSaoEJlif;e0fSoGL?
8 ytdk0f.rJuf*odOf;
az.u,HxiJ ;f
ytd0k .f
ytd0k .f
ytd0k .f
ytd0k .f ytd0k .f
ytd0k .f
uGyef 0fSrS
vdkSwGrf.wd&dp>mef.,dk uGm.-udGK@S0ifS
ynm.wpdKG ;vkrSf arG;wJh wd&pd m> ef.e0fSt0f.&uf
csmaeutcdGKStEG,f.e0fSoGL? eDvdkSoD;vdGKuJS
xJi;f ynm.xmSao xmS'g.wJif eDpKGd ;cdKG S eDvSkd rsKSd
eDcKGd SEG,.f eDo.GD wEsm.,dek 0fS t0f.vd.k &ufcsmig.
vG0ifSyigy&mSzH.k aem0fSoGL?
crf;xDwjzHK.wJah em0fS
vdSk rsKSd wrsKSd wJah em0fS
bm.om.wbm.om.wJah em0fS
vdwfvJkifSa,ef.iJ; xGHKSpH.bm.om.
pp&m.&m. zH.k oGL? ayg.a0GSoD;rdO.f w&ufcsmw0f;
rdO.f wxdeSf odrSf csmw0f;/ rOf.tGO.f -udKG @S-uS/ y&D.
y&m./ urf.'sm.uxGm/ rOf.xGmEJlif;aem0fS
wqif.vGKrfSxdSk rm;'sm.awGmSh xGmxdSk Am.0ifS
oGO;f o,f.z0e0fS vGO;f vGO;f oGL?
eDoOG ;f oD;ytd0k .f vJSh ydKG if;vJi.f ydKG if;&if;
t0f.vJOf.wGrf.crf;xD vdkSrsKdSt0f.vJOf;wGrf.
vdwv f ikJ Sf xGKH SpH. a,ef.iJ; a[mfeefS Adrmef.vJSh
uGyfydGK;pGOf. &ufcsm'g.w0f;/ tGOf.w0f;wefSzdkS
crf;xDo.l &H./ a[mfeef.jyKJ iv f /D rJx
h [D .l Am./xmG xdSk
Am.0ifSoGO;f o,f.z0 t0f.Am.,if;0ifS pl,mS
qvSe0fSrS z0wqGL.wqJik f cdKG SEG,.f uJik v
xdSk Am.u&dSk e0fS ytd0k .f wdKG ifSpGKrf.jzmS t0f.ao
xGSvGS'sm.0ifSyigy&mSoGL?
w,f.ouU&mZf (419) ASxif.vGOf
[ef.oeDS,dk vSvGOv f OJ ;f oGL? aeif.aygiSf (953)
tcg. eDytd0k .f z0uH.usrmR .e0fS pGOSf oD.G pGOSf ouf
vJik .f qufwrG .f wodSk xD wGL.w&efxef. t&ef;
&ef;e0fSrS pigayg.xif.uD uwl.wpdSwm.ay.
vkrSf wJif t0f.uJik jf yed w f .l az.uay: woGKefxif.
uDaEGmifS wGr.f 0ifSvdSk rsKSd avmif;vife0fS ytd0k .f
pGKrf.jzmS wm.0Gef.t0f.twdGKifS pGKrf.jzmSwGL.
w&ef xl.wm.0Ge.f Am.jzmSzJSh zJSh jzmSrsKSd rsKSd e0fSrS
tem.*gww f m. eDytd0k .f z0,dk wdSk wufaEGmifS
e0fSoGL?
eD,ekd 0fS t0f.ytd0k .f rl.oSatmif.cg.
oS&m.uJOf w0JOv f LG ;xef. ytd0k .f oD.G Zmwdrmef.
wjzmSwJif cdKG Stavmif;,dk acGwm.0Ge.f atm0f.
arGmha[G; u&dkS'g. xmSaow&mSay.aem0fS
wdKG .avGSpGO.f rJik u f akd ,m0f; t0f.vd.k tGO.f wazifS
w0f;0ifSoGL?
eDrKGd ;vGL;eD,kd tdKG ;ay.cg eDzmvGL;eD,kd
tdKG ;ay.cde.f tGO.f aAif. tGO.f eJO;f az.tH. az.tGS
az.uGOfuS irf;tcGS irf;tvsm; irf;tH.r
tH.t0f irf;AdKG eyf w D 0f;0ifS rdKG ;zm uus.H p,f.xGKr.f
vGL; irf;'g.w0f;ynm. xGO.f oGO/f irf;&GOf tJOx f 0f;
xGO.f avGSxkr.f oGLwJif rdKG ;zmytd0k .f *GK%f.auSZlS
wef,kd wdKG .rJik Sf ud, k 0f; [0ftOG .f azifSw0f;e0fS
oGL?
t0f.ay.ay.cg rdGK;zmarmifStwef
xdGKif.wefoGLe0fS rdGK;zmaz.uarmifSAm.rdGKef;
w0f;toD rdKG ;zmxGO.f oGOyf nm.e0fSaz.uvdrmR .
xdKG if.'g.xGLe0fS wGr.f usrmR .rdKG ef;w0f;0ifS az.ae.
uajcGjcm.aem0fS rdGK;zmaxmufaz. teDS&ifS
&GOcf SH xdKG i.f vdKG i.f tm -uufcsmrdKG e;f rdKG ;zmuwl.e0fS
t0f.vd.k aocsmig. vGS0if yigy&mSe0fSoGL?
aumifwefxq kd SuD eDrOd .f um.ASe0fS
um.AScef;w,0f; auSZlSweftm rdKG ;zmquD
e0fSwGr.f um.ASrdKG ef;aig0;f wdKG ifSpcg t0f.EJil ;f e0fS
wJif auSZlSuweftm'g. eDrdGK; eDzm ytdk0f;
tavmif ; ,d k t0f . vd k . xif ; zD G x D . ay.w0f ;
rdOaf uefSauefS rdOrf rG G rdO'f u k EQ ikJ ;f rJik Sf 'ku0Q ,0f;
rOf'g.w0f; EJil ;f rJik Sf 'g.w0f;0a,m0f; [0fxif;zDG
xD.ay.csmw0f;e0fSoGL?
vdSk rdO.f ,HarG;e0fS
eDytd0k .f z0 t0f.xmS'kujQ cm,dk
,HuvGpx f ef.
xmSavAGm a&mif.xsS
,HwKGd .xif.vSe0fS
acGt.D ul.nD.pG;J udk
f v D m az.Am.tzJSh rJik Sf eJ; u&dSk 'g.
oS"mwf&ufpKGd ;cdKG S vdSk rsKSd ,dk t0f.vd.k
vGL;ao.ao.ig.0ifSoGL?
eDz0orJifS,dk eDrdOf.wwJrf;csmw0f;
e0fS wrJkifSpGOf.vJh wwJrf;az.w0f;e0fSoGL/
rEk\wW bma0g 'kvabm tD.oJifSudGKwf
xGmAm.vdSk e0fS ,yfScJik .f ig.tudk xGmvJO;f oGL
vdSk wjzmSEJil ;f ,dck g ,HxmG AJi;f aoGmSh vdSk wefSzdSk
t0f.t0f.e0fS eDt0f.vd.k usKSd pmSoGL?
rmSxmSrmSrS bk&mSusKduf ig0f;
twdKG ifS vdSk ,drk Od .f rmS xmSrmSrS,H vdSk vGS,H
w0f; vdSk ,HvSG w0f; urBm.quD rdOSf uwef'g.
yk*Kd vf.wjzmSjzmSe0fS trmSxmSrmSrS trdOSf
wef vGOAf m.vGO;f vGO;f rmSw0f;xmSrmS usKSd pmS
0d&, d wt0f.w0f;e0fSrOfStD.wefe0fS xGKH SpH.tJOf
x0f;oGL?
acwf,dkwAm.e0fS owifSrD'D,m
acwfwJif acwfwdkSwuf rdGKif-udKifig.e0fSrS
rmSxmSrmStrsKdSrJkifSwJhe0fS tGOf.aoxHpGOf.
urBm.quD vSaEGmifSe0fSrS eDcKGd Sytd0k .f orJiSf
,dk az.u'if.aEGmifSAJif; tifwmeufavmif;
urBm.&m.Zm.0ifS ukvor*&GrfS udkaem0fS
eDt0f.vdk.usKdSpmSig.e0fSoGL?
rOf.a'gSh Am.wGr.f &mpkopf ,dw k Am.
tudk eDytdk0f.ay.zHk. &JkifSwodGK;rktvSwJif
crf;aygiSf pGKrf.quD,kd ytd0k .f u&dSk 'g. vdSk rsKSd wrsKSd
,dk t0f.arGmah [G;u&kSd aem0fS 0ifSpaoigSvGOf
wrD.wr0f; wjz0f;wjz.D ay.vdKG rfSaz.ae;uxif.
o#mSAm.e0fS aEGmifS&mStm. pG;J yif.udak oGm0h ifS
e0fSrS wdSk wufxif.xdv k Saem0fSoGL?
EJil ;f acwfyKGd if.vJi.f e0fS
eDytd0k .f vdSk rsKSd pGKrf.jzmS a0ifSudik gwhJ
wdGK.zdkw0f;om;wJhatm0f. a0ifS&ef.wuGKef.
rE aW vSwGr.f &dSk yJik .f a0ifS[dyk SkH / a0ifSoD.oJi.f /
yifavmifS/ awmif.uDSudik gwhJ wdKG .zdw k 0f; oDxv H hJ
t0f.aAm.Am. acwfumSv nmSnmS&dSk rdKG ef;'GKrf
(1996) Am./ ytd0k .f uvifSrmS'g. ytd0k .f "rRm.&H;k
aAGmifySJG e0fSrS a0ifS&efSwuGKef.uked 0fS eDytd0k .f
zH.k tD.um.igwzlSwefigwhJ um.'g.w0f; qGeSf pl
tGOpf .GD um.Am.ae; wvJi.f wjzmS wjzmSu&dSk
e0fS acGoOG ;f wJr;f vdwo f m;erf;&ifS t0f.tGOaf z.
Am.zdke0fSoGL?
w,f.aeif. 1990 wGrf. 2000 Al.
rmSvGO, f ckd ge0fS uwdKG .avGSaEGmifSvJO;f 0ifScrf;
0ifSxDuo kd m; yeJ;tmwefe0fSoGL?
p[ef.om; vJO;f avGSxJik .f crf;wJt h 0f.
uwdKG .avGS puFmyl/ rav;o#m;/ *syef/ uae'g/
jyifopf/ qDGpvef/ tar&duef/ t*FvefudkwJh
t0f . vG O f uavG S xif . 'g. atmh z f p zd k @ pf
wuUov kd .f t*Fvefcrf;wJh t0f.tjzmSwqDvKGd
vJO;f u&dSk e0fS wJr;f vdwo f m;ao xGSAm.e0fSoGL
eDytd0k ;f rl.awmif;uDS uavGStH'k g.tar.&duef.
pefz&efppPudka0ifSvJh tjzmS eDoGHqDvJOf;
rav;osm;/ puFmyl/ *syefuzkd .kH e0fS t0f.aevJO;f
t&smSwefS uae'gwrG .f jyifopfuw kd hJ pm.&ifS (u)avG m if . Al . a&S
aoxGSvd@k w0f;wJif tqDwefSwJt h 0f. xJik .f crf; (c) uwd o pP m .wd O f . acG g if
udek 0fS wJr;f vdwo f m; uaoxGSwJh t0f.tjzmS (8) oS"mwfwaoGmif;xdk
aygiSf iwfaomifSvdKG &dSk EJil ;f e0fS oGL? (C) cGifSvGpfvl.vJkif.
xdKG if.[dKG efx.D xGSAm. (i) aowm.0Gef. EJlif;e0fSzHk.oGL?
cdKG Sytd0k .f ay.zH.k wdKG .avGSaEGmifSvJO;f ,dik wfcsuf rOf.aAGjyJ@SpGKrf. ao.ao.
0ifScrf; 0ifSxDuekd 0fS eDoOG ;f oD; ytd0k ;f &ufcKGd S 0ifS yigy&mSe0fS xmSrmS,dk xGO.f jyKJ ifjyifSpGO.f vJh
om;qScsmpGKrf.jzmS xl.*GK%f.tH.jzm.oSa&Sig. jyJKifjyifSaEGmifSawm0f;oGL?
e0fSoGL? EJil ;f xJik .f crf;udk cdKG Sytd0k .f ay. vdSk ,Hz.kH acGoOG ;f wJr;f vdwo f m; wjzmStae.
tGOfuwl.'g.om; ynm.atm0f.yk*dKvf.zHk. rdOyf if.waoGmif;xdak z.xJi;f ig. cdKG Sytd0k .f ay.oD;
avGmif.Al.cgSaz.wGr.f tpdKG StAl.wJif rmSaEGmifS pGKrf.jzmSoS"mwf wpdSay.e0fSoGL? ,dw k Am.e0fS
ygwG r f . 'J O f o D . vmaAG z H k . axaEG m if S ygwG r f . acwfwSkd wufrKGd if-udKG ifig.wJif eDcKGd Sytd0k .f oD;vJh
vd w f t k w f v d w f a pmif . / wd w f a cG . zH k . pwJ i f az.uwdSk wufrKGd if-uKGd ifaEGmifS EJil ;f EJil ;f 0ifSaem0fS
cdKG Sytd0k .f uxif.osmSaEGmifS tD'g.xmSrmSzH.k wdKG .avGSpGO.f rJik Sf ud0k ,0f; 0ifSuw,f.xGi.f 'g.
,dk uGyrf mSaEGmifSaomhSwGr.f 0ifScrf;0ifSxDukd e,fSynm.zH.k e0fS t0f.vd.k oGOx f .l 'g.'g.oGL?
e0fS aum;xGmrdKG ;zm ut0f.uJik f qcsmwJeh 0fS e,f S ynm. trsKd S rJ k i f S wa,m0f ;
oGSay.oGS[0fvSD ydKG if;vJi.f wJeh 0fS utGOif g'g. (u)puf e ,f S ynm.
ytd0k .f vdSk wefqScsmzH.k wJeh 0fS xl.*k%.f tH.jzm. (c)qd k @ S&J k i f a &Synm.
avGSarG;ig. ra&.r&m.e0fSoGL? (8)ax"mwf o wW K ynm.
0if S crf ; 0if S xD u d k (C)axuG e f . tH . tG S uG O f u S'd k @ S'g
avGSw,f.qdk@SaomhScGifSvS ytdk0f. ynm.
t&DG;tcdk;EJlif;,dke0fS urBm.orJifS0if. xGmtD (i)uGef.EdGK@SuGef.xef. pwJife,fS
eDytd0k .f oD;orJiSf wdO.f acGgif wvD;wJif xl.*k%.f ynm.zHk.,dk t0f.vdk.xGKrf.oGOf'g.'g.ygAJif;0ifS
tH.jzm.vJiSf wvd@k 'g.w0f; 'GKrfe0fSoGL? awGmhS rOf.'g.vGOfoGL weDScg,HuxGmtDAJif;
*syef0ef-uD;csKyf vGOfv,f.axhAm. eDytdk0f.oD;xmStm.udGKS oSaqGmhSc&m.plzdGK@
eDytd0k .f acgi;f aqmifwef atmif.crf;xDxsSe0fS wdO.f wvD;e0fS acGoOG ;f wJr;f vdwo f m; rdOw f rmEdSk
t&dSk cgSaig0;f t0f. oDytd0k .f e0fS tyeJ;wdSk wuf aqmf.ig. EJil ;f e0fSoGL?
vJO;f 'sm./ uG.J awGmSh t0f.uJik cf smu0ifS rJi.f aygiSf ,drk mSig cGKd Sytd0k .f EG,.f um;ut0f.
oGpfS&smSwJh rJif.aygifSw&smSe0fS pigxGS0ifS crf;wdKG @S crf;uGO.f / crf;aumifcrf;'Grf avGmif.Al.
eD&smS'sm. t0f.uJik u f oGpSf &smSe0fS usKSd pmSvJik .f qGeSf wdO.f 0ifSpl ,dKG if.tvH.'Jicf if. umxif.igig
wGr.f ua'gSh i0f;e0fS yD0ifSe0fSoGL? avGS nD0ifS u0f.xGe.f xsS ,HuvSatmif.yG,Sf
uGyfaem0fSrS zl;a0;ytdk0f.cdGKSEG,f. wGr.f xmSe,fSqSqS,H,H wGL.w&efxif.nD
crf;wdKG @S crf;uGO.f vJh eDoOG ;f oD;uw,f. qd@k SaoS odKG cef;0ifS tausmifS???
cgSvJO;f 'g. tpdKG StAl. tGw&f ;GD wAm.e0fS orJiSf wJr;f vdwo f m; wJr;f zdwk 0f;vdww f iJ f
tqufquf az.tyfx.l wm.0Ge.f vl.vJik .f AJi;f i0f;&m.rOf.&dKG ifSpGKd ifS trm.w&dKG @SrdOyf gvhJ cGiSf vGpf
0ifSrS eDcKGd Sytd0k .f orJiSf wef,kd tD.wdO.f acGgiv f S az.aoGmSh tausmifS?
e0fSoGL?
xmSrmSwAm. ,H w Of . acG g if e 0f S arwW m .om;=y&[d w cG e f
PA-OH MAGAZINE 9
 cGeZf m.enf.a[m0f (aemifcrfS udiSf rJik .f ) >

tdKG ; r[mrpm. eD&yf&m.

aAG . q&m.awm. ausmif S aemif c H S (a0if S *d e f S rJ k i f . ) ausmif S oaAmf a usm; (a0if S jzJ )

( 12/ 11/ 2010 eDS = aAG.q&m.awm. ausmifSaemifcrfSwGr.f &[efSEGKwfSygS/ ygwrG .f wum.eDjzmS avGSv,f.wdKG . eDytd0k .f
rdKG ;jzm; zgjzm;oD; uqd@k Svl.aoScgS'g. ausmifSuef.wGr.f a0GSoD;cif.vrf;tHk tdKG ;“a0ifSjzJ” jzJc&Jik .f xJik .f crf; tacg0x
rGL;a&m0fScdk.p0f;(6.30)tcdef.e0fS t0f.ausmifSaemifcrfS
xef.avGS pwzlSoGL? wdKG .avGS a0ifSjzJe0fS(10)em;&D.&yfawGmh avGSoGKSH &D;
cef;oGrSf p0f;wGr.f oGrSf ,m wwm.csi.f tdKG ;a0ifSjzJ udek 0fSoGL?
oGKHSoGrfSuxdGKif.xGLawGmh avGSv,f.&D;cef; ausmifSoaAmf
ausm; oJuu f wGKd .ausmifSwvifS uxdKG if. xGm;csmxGm;ig/ au.nd.k c&m.
ausmifSaqmif ap.wD.zH.k wJif aopJi;f xD.pJi;f cef;'sm. eDytd0k .f plajcmifSzH.k
awGmhS ykxkZOf.oD;u&dkSe0fS oSudkcH.pmSAm.twdGKifS oSodGKSyDwd,dk
xGmaqmif;cef; wqif./ oSavmufum. wJah rG;/
[ef;eDS,dkcg ut0f.uJkif'g. eDytdk0f.ausmifSzHk.wJh weDScgrJh
txGmxdSk eJik ;f ,dak [mif; u&dSk 'g. oSxmSeef; oSxmSirf.,dk ayg.vGOf aomh
pGO.f oSudo k LG ?
t0f.wqif. uxdKG if.xif.v,f. au;ndK.ausmifSuD uaE mW ch ef;
aAG.AGef vl.ygcef; tvl.pm.0wWKxGL uxdKG if.a0G.ukov kd .f e0fS oSud, k kd
EJil ;f [ef.eDS um;wJief o D OG ;f oD; uvl. wefSAm. 'g.eukov kd .f zH.k ,dk vlScrf;
&yfcGif. uu|Sxif.vJOf;'g. eDytdk0f.aAG.AGef tqufqufzHk.wJhe0fS/
ausmifSwef0d[m.,dk ae;wGrf.ap.wem.xifxifawGmhSutGOfqdk@S
vl . aoScgS'g. ausSZl S aAG . eD r d G K ;jzm;zgjzm;oD ; ut0f . &mSt&yf w J h
e0fS eDoGOf;oD;urmS'sm. ukodkvf.zHk.,dk wGmwGm,HvSnDSaoGmh0ifS
aem oSudk"dXmef. a&.a&m.a0G.wdGK.xif.yg cef;eJkif;e0fSoGL?
atm0f.aem0fSxGLawGmh a'g&h cD ef; aAG.q&mawm.
aAG.q&m.awm.wJh &yfc.H a'gSh &Dcsmcef; eDoOG ;f oD;pdKG S
a'gSh &Dcsma'g&h iD gcef;t0f.wqif. tausmifSxdKG if.wJuq f iJ .f awGmh
acGoOG ;f wJh uGyD gcef; ausmifStw KywWd (orJiSf )vdwaf pmif.oGL? aAG.q&m.
awm. wJ.az.AJi;f cef;ausmifS tw Kywd(W orJiSf )vdwaf pmif. az.yl.aZmf.
ygcef; eDoOG ;f oD;osi.f Oy*kwef rf;ajcmifS yGK.H AGKd ef(yHw
k )l pGKrf.ygSygS pGKrf.jzmSjzmS
oGL? uxif.a[mfS xGm;prfS ausmifStw Kywd(W orJiSf ) vdwaf pmif.udek 0fS
ausmifSoaAmfausm;,dk wJ.ptdKG ;omoem. ouU&mZf aeif. 2419 Am./
,dck g omoem. ouU&mZf 2553 Am.wJif ASwdKG .,dk cgvSvJO.f aeif.aygiSf
(134)aeif. e0fSoGL?
10 ytdk0f.rJuf*odOf;
f ifSe0fSoGL? )
xGm;a[mfSvdwo f m; ut0f.xD.'g. ausmifSyGKH .zH.k ,dk twGKd ifS
xGm'sm.eDytd0k .f vdSk jzm;pcg plajcmifSpif.pJpf AdKG efypD OG .f 'sm.,dck g eDytd0k .f
a'.o&yf&m.udk ut0f.uJkif'g. ausmifSpcgzHk. twGdKifSpGOf.'sm.&ifS&ifS
e0fSoGL?
uGJ.awGmh oSay.c&m.aem0fS uxGdKif.a[mfSxGm;ausmifS
tw Ky`wUd udek 0fS“ytd0k .f ”u&dSk 'g. vdwjf zHK.,dk wjzHK.igwhJ wygaomhw0f;/
0ifSwJrf;aomhS'sm. ausmifSref;/ ausmifSajzm0fS/ aumtGOfwJ.om;wJh
0ifSwJr;f aomhS'sm./ aoif.um;om;ref;vdSk rsKd S ajzm0fSvdSk rsKd SeJik ;f e0fSoGL?
atm0f.ausmifSuD uxdKG if.vifSe0fS avGSv,f.awm;,if;cef;
eDytd0k .f ausmifSvDS 'kw, d wausmifS[JSh ausmifSaZmrfSo0%f wGrf.
yxrausmifS raAmhSrnmSe0fSoGL? 'kw, d ausmifSe0fS wayg.wdSk wuf
w0f;eJik ;f yxrausmifS eDytd0k .f plajcmifS uwJ.qd@k aoScgS'g. ausmifSerf;
arG;arG;wJeh 0fS ,dck gaAG.oH.Cm. owifSoGKSH aomhSw0f;'GKrf 0ifStGO.f xGmxdSk
vJO;f xGm;c&m. xmSv,f.cif.vrf;e0fSoGL?
aAG.oHCm. owifSoGKHSausmifSwJh wJ.ac:,if;'sm. cif.vrf;
wacg0f eDoOG ;f oD;pdKG S uxdKG if.avGSuaE mW ah AG.AGef uxGKd if.a0G.ukov kd .f wJh
oSud"k Xd mef. a0G.wdKG .xif.yg,if; ausmifSwum. rdKG ;jzm; zgjzm;oD;ut0f.
&mS t&yf eJik ;f yxrausmifSe0fS [GO.f aeaeoGL? uaE mW Sh xdKG if.xGLwJh uGAD iJ ;f
,if;ausmifS tw KywdW vdwaf pmif. aeaeoGL?
vdwaf pmif.udek 0fS ausmifSaZmrfSo0%f,kd wJ.ptaeif.rJik Sf /
ygSrJkifSaumtGOfwJ.u&dkSe0fS/ oufao.oufuef. wdOf.wdOf.acGgifacGgif
wt0f.w0f;/ vdwaf pmif.udw k hJ wJr;f aomhS'sm.uGKd Sh xif;yGK.H tvS &HSqSae;
vGKrfSaeaeoGL?
vdwaf pmif.udu k wJr;f aomhS'g.twdKG ifSe0fS
ausmifSaZmrfSo0%f,kd rdO.f xGm;eJik ;f ausmifSyGKH .aem0fSAGKd efeikJ ;f
ref;crf; a0ifSyk*H.udk ut0f.'g.ausmifSyGKH.zHk.awGmh &arGmhSref;vdkSrsdKSzHk.
wJ.aoScgS AGKd efeikJ ;f jz0fS ut0f.tm'g. rJa[mifoOG u f kd ausmifSyGKH SzH.k awGmh
&arGmhjz0fSzHk.wJ.aoScgS uwJ.pp'g.ausmifSe0fS xGm'sm.wjcmwef
aoif.tGKrf.jcm irf;c&m. 'Hzk .kH wJh wt0f.aAmhSw0f;oGL?
 tcdif.wGifSe0fS zgjzm;cE WD. (&arGmh ytdk0f.jzm;)wGrf.eJkifS[G,f
(&arGmh ajzm0fSjzm;) ajzSpmulSum;om;0ifSeD [JhvGOfyg vrf;udkwAl. cGeyf nmaZm - wJr;f >
(rdom;pk)xdSk vGOt f ckH ef; ausmifSaZmrfSo%fxs vGOx f .D cef; ausmifSyGK.H
AGKd efeikJ ;f a0GSoD;&yfausmifSyGK.H awGmSh oSap.wem. o'g.< w&mS ,di;f t0f.'if. ajzm0f S crf ; tacg0f u G O f . / a0if S wmcsD v d w f /
aAG.bk&mSom.oem. tavmif;wJif rGO;f zsiw f omavGSausmifS tzJzh hJ
tacg0af cg0v f @Sygcef; tul.tnD.aAmhS&mSoGSxsSzH.k wJif wJ.e0fSrmSige0fS
rdKG ;jzm;vm. oD;pdKG SwJh xdSk vGOf uGt J mtmwJif xGmvSpGO.f 'Hw k ef [JSh zefpOG .f
y&[dw aemifcSH ausmifS
'Hrk Od Sf “'Hw k om” AwdKG .pGO.f [ef.eDSoGL?
tcdi.f wGiSf e0fS wepGO.f cGeaf pm0f; zdrSf zdom&f (p0f;vHk cgSacS)
omoem ouU&mZf 2415 Am.aeif. wJr;f aoSeJik ;f aem0fSoGL?
rOf.xGm;eJik ;f tw Kywdukd uygaomhS'g. zgjzm;cED.W wGr.f rdKG ;jzm;
vm.oD;e0fS ytd0k .f rOfS'sm. &arGmyh td0k .f vdSk rsKSd zH.k 'sm.&ifS&ifSoGL?
uG.J awGmSh vdwaf pmif.udek 0fS ytd0k .f u&dSk wiGg wjzHK.igwhJ wyg
aomhSw0f; eDytd0k .f ausmifSzH.k vJiSf oGKrfSxdSk ae;vJO;f oGL cdKG if;rJik Sf ausmifS
ausmifSvJO;f wJh &m.Zm0if.udk tw Kywdu W ekd 0fS“ytd0k .f ”u&dSk 'g. aiGg0;f wigG
vdww f jzHK.igwhJ wygaomhnSD awm0f; rOf.avGS &DpOG .f aAG.AGe, f ckd g ut0f.
tHek if;'g.eD ausmifSvDSwGr.f ausmifSwum.zH.k wJh ytd0k .f u&dSk e0fS 0ifSwao
igSw0f;ae;pGO.f e0fS xGm;vdwo f m; wGr.f eDoOG ;f oD;zH.k ,dk t0f.vd.k aoerf;csm zl;a0;rdKG ;zm cdKG SEG,.f ytd0k .f crf;om;trsmSzH.k -o?
cef;awGmSh t0f.vd.k usKd SpmS aomif.omvGig.vJO;f 0ifSoGL? eDytd0k .f wpdKG ;cdKG SvGKrf;
aem0fSr,dck g eDytd0k .f vdwv f ikJ Sf pGpSf vDwm. A[k.d oHCm.pGKd S wdSk wufwaoGmif;wdO.f acGgit f D tausmifSw&mSe0fS
tGOif gawGmSh ut0f.edSk aqmf.wrm'g. “eDt0kd .f vdSk rsKd SzH.k rOf.wJ. om.oem.wdSk wufwaoGmif; wdO.f acGgirf , k kd
ausmifSuef. z&mSap.wD.zH.k a0ifS 'Hak qmif. aqSwGr.f tavmif.tvif xGmt"du y"geoGL?
trsKd SrJik Sf w&dSk awm0f;/ t0f.vd.k rmSzGD ,l.zGrD KG ef;awm0f;/ rdOSf zH.k wJh zefytd0k .f ytdk0f.om.oem.a&S rOf.wdkSwufwxmvJh eDytdk0f.pdGK;cdGKS
ae;'sm.aoGmhS tacGgifcH.oGwfSwAm.ae; wGrf.eDvdwfeDbm.om.wJif wdSk wufxif.xdEk ikJ ;f EJik ;f wxmoGL? rOf.wdSk wufwaomifSvJh eDytd0k .f pdKG ;cdKG S
atm0f.vd.k 'if.cgSyg rwfwefS t"dyg,.f uvS'g.aig0;f ,dk atm0f.vd.k ,l. wdSk wufEikJ ;f EJik ;f waomifSoGL?
vSwao.ao.vG0ifSu&dSk e0fS eDytd0k .f ausmifSeJik ;f qSuDz.kH ,dk t0f.xGm ae.wGr.f ap.wem./ ae;wGr.f oS&ufpKGd ;cdKG S
vJO;f oufao. om"u aem0fSoGL? uatm0f.tGOrf mS uatm0f.qd@k Svl.avGSvJO.f 'sm./
eDoOG ;f oD;zH;k rOf.wusKd SpmS xl.wm.0Ge.f w0f;e0fS wnw0f;tcdi.f ajzm0fScrf; tacg0u f OG .f / a0ifSwmcsv
D w
d tf udk
ut0f.uJik 'f g. eDytd0k .f ausmifS/ eDytd0k .f cif.vrf;zH.k ,dck gwhJ rJt h .D xGmvGOf cdKG SEG,.f ytd0k .f y&[dwausmifSaemifcSH aem0fS/
rJt h .D axmifavGSvGOSf Am./ EJil ;f twdwf Zmwf&OJ .f wzlSpJO.f zH.k aem0fSoGL? t0f.xdKG uf atm0f.oifS'sm. cif.vrf;a&mhS cif.vrf;[0foLG ?
eDrKGd ;jzm; zgjzm;oD;e0fS ae;&GOaf e;tm. ae;oSap.wem.AGmAGm y&[dw ausmifSaemifScHS,dek 0fS
qd@k v.l aoScgSoGLwJSh eDrOf.wxdiSf odrSf aEGmifSw0f;e0fS rJo h rJiSf az.wm0Ge.f xGmavGS'sm.eDytd0k .f pdKG ;cdKG SwjzHK. vGKrf;ausmifSwJif
,dk waus.w0f;oGL? y ytd0k .f crf;om;trsmS om.oem.a&Sudp, P kd
aem0fSr ,dck g orJi.f az.wm0Ge.f ,dk wdKG .vGO;f vJO;f oGL? eDoOG ;f oD; az.u axmufxSH aEGmifS/
ajyifavmif;awGmSh twdw, f ekd t
D 0f.vd.k xl.oGOcf ef; zsipf KGd @StDypPKP yef.awGmSh az.uvl.nDSa&m0f;Am.0ifSwJif
tGO0f ifScsaoScgScef; tem.*gwt f KG wfS&D;G wdO.f wdO.f acGgiaf cGgif aem0fSrS oSap.wem.AGmAGm/ wefweftmtmtGO.f xif.qigwiJ f
orJiSf az.wm.0Ge.f ,dw k ShJ tD.au./ eDcif.vrf;eDcrf;zH.k wJSh tD.xdSk rm;Am.w0f;/ tem.*wfqSig eDytd0k .f om.oem.
eJik ;f twdwZf mwf&OJ .f tausmifS edSk aqmf.wrmAm. aAG. cGef eifSoD;eJik ;f ,Haz.uavawmif.xJi;f xJi;f /
,do k LG ? ,Haz.upJi.f uDu/D
,Haz.uvDppG Sf pGpSf e0fS

+ rsifSrd.k crf; + vG , f S &G O f X m.e y

om.oem.tac.tcH. ausmifSuef.wGr.f
wdSk wufxif.xdk wdO.f acGgiaf &Stwm.
avGmif.avGmif.Al.Al. wdKG if.wdKG if.yif.yif.
,Haz.Am. uvl.nDSAm.0ifSe0fS tGO.f [dKG efavGSAm.EJil ;f ,do k LG ?
08 7300 7672/ 08 9454 7589 /
ytdk0f.xmSrmSom;twGufwm. 'HkrJkifS/ tdGKif.rJkifS/ a0ifSrJkifS/
t&yfrJkifSw&dkSawm0f; rdGKifrdGKifjydGKifjydGKifweDScsifS az.uwdGK.aem0fS qdKG ufaxhaEGmifSzH;k = 08 04924553 /
atm0f.aqmif.&Guaf z.vJO.f oGL? y&[dw ausmifSaemifcSH / a0ifSwmcsv D w
d f
&GOc
f ef,kd tidSk rJO.f
PA-OH MAGAZINE 11
 xGu"f rRom& - wJr;f >

erf;armhSAm.rS uG.J ,l.vS ukovkd .f c&m.

ausmif S a[G ; pa&myf y G H K . (tvD S )
aeif. 1372=Am./ wifSu|pfvmavmif;(6)eDSe0fS acGoGOf;wGrf.aAG.oCFm.ytdk0f./
xJik .f tygS(20)wGr.f umS(vGwSf wl;)eDqKGd ifSxGL t0f.Aefaumufxef.oJiSf wdKG .ausmifSaemifcSH oGL?

aeif. 1372=Am./ wifSu|pfvmavmif;(7)eDSe0fS t0f.ausmifSaemifcHSxef.oJifS

rJ;a[mifoGOfc&JifSoGL? wzlSavmif;e0fS eDoGOf;oD;oJifuyfr0fSoGrfS tdGK;ausmifSrE WavS
a0ifSrJ;o&de.f oGL? oGrSf ,mxGLe0fS eDoOG ;f oD; xef.oJiSf ,if; rJ;a[mifoOG w
f iJ Sf rGL;[mvifS(6)em.&D.
cde.f e0fS wdKG .oJiSf a[G;oSa&myf ytd0k .f 'Hek 0fSoGL?

aeif. 1372=Am./ wifSu|pfvmavmif;(8)eDSe0fS rGL;&0fScdk;(8)em.&D.cG,fStcdef.

xl.wGr.f wjcdKSvl. ouFeSf / oydw/f y&du&Q m.(8)ygS/ ygwrG .f zl;a0;vdSk 'Hk rl.cdak y.wefjzm;qm;xde;f wGr.f
wjcKd Svl. tGOvf yd af usmifS(3)vJi.f xGLrS ae;wGr.f ytd0k .f xGKH SpH.wJi(f 9)em.&D.tcde.f e0fS wum.trsmS
ae;xl. oD.v(5)ygS/ em.cH.y&dww f &mSawm./ uyfSvl.ouFeSf wxde.f xGL a0G.trsS zukov kd .f oGL?
xmSvl.xmSwefSudp, P akd tmif.rsi.f xGLe0fS ytd0k .f ydak usmifSom;rl.cdzk .kH ysSe,favGSaz. ytd0k .f xGKH SpH.
a,ef.iJ;a&SxmSusL. e0fSrS az.qkSyg ynm.a&SpG;J urf; p&dyo f LG ?

aeif. 1372=Am./ wifSu|pfvmavmif;(9)eDSe0fS uGOfuSwGrf.eDytdk0f. cGrfvmSwJif

usKSd qGKrf.zl.a0;xJik .f t0f.AefaumufvOG o f LG ? tpD.tpJOf.e0fS rGL;&0fScd.k (8)em.&D.cG,Sf tcde.f e0fS
xl.wGr.f wjcdKSvl. ouFeSf / oydw/f y&du&Q m.(8)ygS/ tGOv f yd af usmifS(3)jyefSxGLrS ae;wGr.f ytd0k .f /
xJkif.crf;xGHK.pH.wJif (9)em;&D.e0fS wum.trsmSae;xl.oD.v(5)ygS/ em.cH.y&dwfw&mSawm.
uyfSvl.ouFeSf wxde.f xGL a0G.trsS zukov kd .f ausmifSaemifcSH udo k LG ?
acGoGOf; xGuf"rRom& erf ; armh S Am.rS uG J . ,l . vS
xmSvl.yG,.f xGL rGL;[mvifSe0fS acGoOG ;f oJiSf csm,if; AefaumufoLG ? oJiw f KGd .csm acGoOG ;f
vrf;e0fS rGL;[mvifS(3)em.&D.cGv J OJ .f tcde.f e0fS rJOaf Aif.arG;ig.xmSe0fSrS aAif.vifScef;'sm.oGL?
rJah Aif.wGiSf um.ve0fS aAif.rif;'sm.eJ@/ xD.arG;'sm.eJ@/ wcD.wacg0f yDpOG .f xD.arG.'sm.oGL?
acGoGOf;vrf;udke0fSvdkSvGOftmarG;/ tcefSudktcefSxef./ wcgSiGg/ yD;EJlif;pGOf. 0ifSxif.ausmifS/
a[mfSw&mScde.f wefSwdKG .w0f; taig0;f wJo h if. plvt hJ 0f.,dKG if;/ plqmG S cif.qGmS/ erf;ay. uwl.wef/
rJw
h ygi[ f 0f wygiu f ikJ /f ajzmif;wacif./ ,jzmSjzmSe0fS rJih gz.kH vJh wa&Sw0f;/ ixmSvJh wjzmSjzmSygS
w0f;/ t0f.[dKG efpOG .f 'sm. rmSukov kd .f wJh AdKG efpOG .f wvSnDSAm.w0f; ukov kd .f &dSk EJil ;f e0fSoGL?
rJx h KGd if.aoe0fS oJp, f .l vScsmpGO.f xmSaAif.rif; wvJi.f csiSf /
w'kr.f xGKd if. ydOv f iJ ;f vJi;f plScif.e0fS cGScGSvsm;vsm; ,l.vScsmpGO.f 'sm. eDurmSukov kd .f e0fS
warmhSzdzk w kd 0f;EJil ;f ,d/k taeif.(10)vdKG ;vJO;f oS0SvJx h mG oSa&SvJxmG / oS0Se0fSxGLvJO;f / oSa&Se0fS
tD.a0GSaz.Am.,if. eDurmS'sm.ukov kd .f oGL?
aem0fSrS xdGKif.'dGK.cef;'JOf[ef. vl.za,mifSwJif.(5)vD; vl.eHom;(9)vD; 0JkifSz&mS/
tm.xkww f &mS xGLrS qsmSxD a0GStrsS ,HuvSnDS0ifSukov kd .f aem aAG.oD;-o?
EJil ;f rGL;[m oJpu f rJu h aAif.wJh aAif.rif;,if;wvJi.f axmifavGSwzlS
tvD;rJik Sf vJh 0ifSiqGKrf./ oSa&SoSaysm. xD.vdSk ixmSzH.k oGL?
acGoOG .f u,l.e0fS rmSukov kd .f wJh vSarG.ukov kd .f ae;'sm.wGr.f ap.wem.o'<g. w&mS
AGmAGmtmtmwJif vl.xGLwefSxGL a0G.zukov kd .f ,dk ta&Swefig.aem0fSrS erf;armhSc&m. wJr;f
jcJKif;e,fAm. EJil ;f ,do k LG ?
a[G;oSa&myf'Hk/ ytdk0f. vJyfxmSvl.rGL;
12 ytdk0f.rJuf*odOf;
 cGeo
f w
k vJi;f cg. (rJik ;f aumif) wJr;f >
r*Fvm. xmSrmS
vd k S wjzmStwG u f w m.
wGr.f pDSyGmSa&S az.uajcGcsSH om.e0fS
cif.vrf;[0f,dk waxGmif;w0f;vJh waxGmif;
t0f.ao.csm.oGL?
ywd&yl a'o0go=az.uvS ukov kd .f /
ynm./ OpPm.zHk.e0fS xdGKufoifS&mSt&yf,dk
tHkt0f.Am./ eDerf;,dk t0f.vdk.vdGKufcif.vH;tHk
wGrf.az.uwdGK.t&yfe0fSwJh usKdSpmSAm.'sm.
yigy&mS?
rdO.f wGuaf e;wGr.f touft&G,.f wJh
yxrt&G,.f wGiSf xkr.f oGOyf nm./ tqif.u
ajy.'g.t&yf,kd xkr.f tHAk m./ 'kw, d t&G,.f wGiSf
xkr.f pDSyGmSa&S OpPm./ tqif.uajy.'g.t&yf,kd
xkr.f tHAk m./ wwd., t&G,.f wGiSf xkr.f ukov kd .f
tqif.uajy.'g.t&yf,kd xkr.f tHAk m.e0fSoGL?
ut0f.vd.k xkr.f ynm. yxrt&G,.f
um.v,dk oH;avGSt0f.tHak wm.'sm. pDSyGmSa&S
tqif.ajy.&mSt&yfcif.vH;/ xkrf.pDSyGmSa&S
wm.'kwd,t&G,f.e0fS oH;avGStHkawm.'sm.
xkr.f ynm. tqif.ajy.&mScif.vH; EJil ;f e0fSwJh
warG;rJO.f ig.w0f;oGL?
eDvdkSoD;z0e0fS w,f.p'sm.wGrf.
yxrt&G,f./ yxrt&G,f.e0fS t&G,f.xkrf.
ynm.'sm.wJif rOfEJlif;rJkifSEJlif;xkrf.tHkAm.'sm.
ynm.vS&mScif.vH;oGL? vdkSay.z0 yxr
t&G,.f wGiSf vdSk ay.e0fS vdKG ufa&GScGiSf rdO.f wvS
w0f;/ rdOf.wt0f.w0f;pGOf.wJh uxGmrdGK;zm/
aum;xGmvdSk wefe0fS zefqifSaz.Am.oGL?
tcde.f t&G,.f wGr.f cif.vH;zH.k ,dk vdKG uf
Am.EJil ;f rJik Sf u&dSk e0fSwJh t0f.vd.k aoaeaeoGL?
eDwq d &m.zH.k e0fS&dSk vGL;erf;wm./ tvkyt f rmS
tJOaf xm0f;/ rdwaf qG. oGS[0ftOJ af xm0f;/ pdKG ;cdKG S
zl;a0;tJOfaxm0f;/ ynm.vSc&m.tJOfaxm0f;
rOf.xGmEJil ;f e0fSe0fS [0ftw kH 0f; xdSk vJn
h mSAm.
EJil ;f e0fSoGL?
waxGmif;e0fS q&m.0Ge.f [0f wt0f.
w0f;t&yf/ vdkSaovdkS'g. wt0f;w0f;t&yf/
vdSk ajcG vdSk jcm.wtJOx f 0f;t&yf EJil ;f e0fSoGL?
e0fSrS vdkSurJOf'g.arG; ynm.e0fS
ynm.vS&mScif.vrf;,dk t0f.rJik Sf udw k ahJ ,m0f;
avGSxkr.f tHAk m.e0fSoGL?
wdKG .azsmAf m. 0ifS'Hak qmif.e0fSrS
txD. taouGm./
v,f.zd0k ifS&yf&m.rS rJeh m;aAGmif
e0fSrSwJh tD.xD.vGOf pDSyGmSa&SuGu/f
vGL;erf;arG.oufwhJ tD.,dSk / xmSrmSwAm.wGr.f
tausmifStc&m.,dk tHv k LG Savhvmae;vGKrfS
aem0fS waopJi;f w0f;/ rmSpHSAm.rSaopJi;f oGL?
c,f.pDSyGmSa&S uatmif.rsi.f tDAm.
tausmifSe0fS c,f.vdSk rsKSd zH.k udk vdSk qifS&,fS
t0f.aqhSay.vGKrfS? rdOf.rmS xmSrmSwAm./
pDSyGmSa&SwpdGK;pdGK;wJh atmif.rsif.vG'sm.udOf;
tmtmoGL?
ydGK;xmSrJkifSeJwJh a0GSoD;urmS'sm.
pDSyGmSa&SxmSrmSwAm.e0fS xGm'sm.a0GSoD;
au.v,f.xGLvJO.f xmSrmS zH.k uJO;f tm/ uGyyf KGd ;
rJOftGOf.ao/ rJOftGOf.'g. rJOf.tGOf.usif.v,f.
a0GSoD;ydv k oD LG ? a0GSoD;xmSrmSudk t&ef;xdx k kd
waz.pGOf.w0f;wvJif.csif./ xGOf.rmS&D;'sm.
xmSrmSxGL.xGL.pm;/ t&ef;zdKG .pm;oGL? rmSAm.
zdv
k OJ ;f xmSrmSxGL. xmSrmSt&ef;zdKG ;zdKG ;pm;wJif
weDScg a0GSoDxKGd if.xGmvGOf twefe0fS cH.Am.
w0f ; 'G K rf x mSrmSom; (vd k S qvSom;)
vJOt f .H oGL?
xmSrmSudkwJh zJhSpGKrf.xD.aoaEGmifS
wJif az.uxGm ta[m0fow G Sf / az.uatmif.
rsi.f e0fS usKSd pmSrmSaEGmifS/ e0fSrS a0GSoD;pdKG SzH.k
e0fSuJO;f tmtm wdSk wufcsSH om.vG'sm.oGL?
we,fS a0GSpDSyGmSa&SzJSe0fS a0GSusi.f
v,f.vd@k wiJ f atmif.rsi.f Am.aem0fSoGL? EJil ;f ,dk
twdKG ifS urJOx f mG 'g. pDSyGmSa&S ,Hom;zH.k aem0fS
ywd & l y a'o0go= uxG m 'g./ ynm.a&S/
pDSyGgSa&S/ ukodkvf.a&S&m. uvSaEGmifS'g.
tcif.vH;,dk xGKrf.xGLwJif usKSd pmSrmSAm.oGL?
rdOf.a'ghSAm.wGrf.aig0f;r*Fvm.wJh xGm ywd&ly
a'o0go=r*Fvm./ uG,.f awGmSh ywd&yl a'o0g
aomp aig0f;t"dyyg,f.e0fS oGwfSw0f;'dGKef;/
zxdkS&yf&m./ cGg.xdkS'Hkaqmif.awGmhS pDSyGmSa&S
csSH om.vGOv f OJ ;f &dSk wJh rdO.f wxD.csmw0f; rdKG ;zg/
rdOf.wxGm;csmw0f; &yf&m.zHk.e0fS xGm'sm.vdkS
twWoefwjzmS/ vdSk [0ferf; wm.wjzmS tae.
vGKrfSoGL?
az.uxG m r*F v m./
az.uweSaomhS z&mSa[mfSe0fS
ywd&yl wxGmw0f;'dKG ef; eD&yf&m.,dk az.uxGm
ywd&lycif.vH;e0fS usKdSaqmif.az.Am.oGL?
usKSd aqmif.az.Am. EJil ;f rJik Sf u&dSk e0fS pDSyGmSa&S
zJS waAGpKG rf.w0f; eDZm.wd&yf&m.,dk pDSyGmSa&S
az.u[0fvOG f zefqifSaz.Am.? ynm.a&S uxJh
zd G K .ae'g. eD Z m.wd & yf & m.,k d ynm.a&S
az.uxif . xd k e 0f S usKd S aqmif . az.Am.?
bm.om.a&Swm. ausmifSuef.zH.k rdO.f tJOx f 0f;
wJh az.ut0f./ rdO.f t0f.vJO;f wJh az.uwdO.f acGgif
az.unqGmS t0f.vdk.usKdSpmS vl.wefSaz.
e0fSrS xGm'sm. r*Fvm.xmSrmSoGL?
uxD. cdKG efSrdKG ;zm/ uaxmufcsmzl;a0;
zH.k e0fS rmwmydwk OyXmeH/ ykw'W g&\ o*Fa[m
r*Fvm.zHk.wJif rdOf.rJOfajcGwGrf.r*Fvm.zHk.e0fS
usKSd pmSrmSAm. r*Fvm.xmSrmStausmifS ?
cGefokw vJif;cg. rJkif;aumif
PA-OH MAGAZINE 13
 ytd0k .f vdwv
f ikJ Sf wGr.f a,ef.iJ;a&StpdKG S (A[d.k ) cGex
f ;D ('Hn
k mSAif. aumifpif;oif;) wJr;f

tpdKG Sa&.rd;k csuf(tif.&G,.f csuf) axxef.yif.uDvaG omhS eDvw

d v
f ikJ Sf
(u) ytd0k .f vdwv f ikJ Sf jyJSh jyJSh pGKH .pGKH .xGmaEGmifStDtwm. okawoeysKxGLwJif ytd0k .f &yf&m.a'.o eDvw d w f rG .f acwf[ef.eDS
vd@k v@kd tvJik ;f oGwSf wAm. ,HoOG af vGS? ,HavGSnDS ASodKG odKG
(c) ytd0k .f a,ef.iJ;rk "avhxKHG .pH.zH.k okawoeysKxGLwJif azm.xef.xdeSf odrSf avGS? eDr.l cdk wm.0Ge.f atm0f.?
(*) crf;&ifSom; avGmif.Al. nD.nGwaf &StwGuw f rG .f zl;a0;crf;&ifSom;tavmif;tvifz.kH
a,ef.iJ;a&S az.vl.vJik .f a,ef.iJ;rk? eDvw d wf rG .f eDvikJ Sf
irf;xJq h ikJ Sf atm0f.uJik cf sm
qSigxmSrmSpJO.f ,Jaomif.om vd.k usKSd pmS
acGwrG .f emS zl;wGr.f a0;
A[d.k tpdKG SwGr.f tpdKG St&ef;&ef; xmSrmSpJO.f zH.k aem0fS EJil ;f qSv,dt k wdKG ifSoGL? usKSd cef;arG;arG;?
(1) ytd0k .f vdwv f ikJ Sf ,HjyJ@h pKHG .xJi;f xJi;f twm. ysKavGSokawoe/
(2) ytd0k .f vdwv f ikJ Sf pGpSf vDa&S vdwo f OG w
f efStwm. xGKwfaxavGSvdwaf pmif. irf;ig.0ifSarsm.xdk eDvwd f
(3) vdwb f m.om.jyef.tpdKG S zG@J A.l xGLwJif ,HcKG rfrmSavGS bm.om.jyef.xmSrmS/ twdwaf 'gSh orJiSf
(4) owifSpJO.f apmif.zH.k / az.a,mif;plcSl apmif.zH.k / r*~Zif;zH.k xGKwfaxavGS/ ,HaooJiSf vd.k axmifcsm
(5) ytd0k .f vdwv f ikJ Sf orJiSf zH.k jcGLawGmifxKG wfaxavGS/ tdKG ;aem0fScg &m.Z0if.
(6) ytd0k .f aig0;f yGKH .zH.k / aig0;f rmSvDz.kH / aig0af 'gSh ysi.f / aig0;f uJz.kH ysKavGSokawoe? atm0f.a'gSh xef. jyef.az.eD?
(7)ytd0k .f pdKG ;cdKG S vdwx f mG ;a[mf tpJi;f teJi;f wAm. ,HaAGmifavGS?
(8)ytd0k .f vdwEf sSpuf ,Hw,f.axmif.avGS? ygSrdO.f arsm.xdSk vS eDvw d f weDScg
(9) ytd0k .f vdwv f ;kH zH.k / ytd0k .f vdwcf SH AD.vm.zH.k / ytd0k .f vdwaf wmifSAD.vm.zH.k / ytd0k .f vdww f iJ .f zH.k / vdSk rsKSd yg ygS,rf;xl.
ytd0k .f vdwaf y.vm.zH.k / ytd0k .f vdwyf pd zf .kH / ytd0k .f vdwrf w l rJ ;f plz.kH / xGKrf.&Grx
f ed Sf odrSf avGS? cdw k rG .f rl. jzm;wGr.f qm;
(10) ytd0k .f ynm.o#i.f tpdKG S zG@J A.l xGLwJif qSvygxmSrmSpJO.f ,Haqmif.&Guaf vGS? cdKG SuJik ;f xdSk rm;?
(u) ytd0k .f vdwjf zHK.tjcGO;f taig0;f xef.,HysKpkavGS?
(c) ytd0k .f tbd"mef.usrSf ,HysKpkavGS? ydGK;aem0fSrS
(*) ytd0k .f ref; tbd"mef.usrSf ,HysKpkavGS? eDvw d w
f rG .f eDvikJ Sf
(C) ytd0k ;f ygXt d bd"mef.usrSf ,HysKpkavGS? a[m0fEilJ ;f rJik Sf atm0f.vd.k zsif
(i) ytd0k .f t*Fvyd t f bd"mef. ,HysKpkavGS? wGiSf wjcif cde.f cg.xGS usKSd aqmif.cef;rS?
(11) ytd0k .f a,ef.iJ;rkz.kH ysKavGSokawoewJif vdwaf &GS,HxKG wfaxavGS?
(12) ytd0k .f pdKG ;cdKG Sa,ef.iJ;a[mfwrG .f vdwx f mG ;a[mf rmSxJi;f vrf;yg.taqmuftOD? cGex
f ;D ('Hn
k mSAif. aumifpif;oif;)
(13) ytd0k .f pdKG ;cdKG Sa,ef.iJ;a[mf trdKG ifow G Sf ,Hw,f.axmif.avGS?
(14) ytd0k .f pdKG ;cdKG S vdwo f OG w
f KGd uf ,Hw,f.axmif.avGS?
(15) ytd0k .f pdKG ;cdKG S [lv.l tpdKG SwpdKG S ,Hz@JG A.l w,f.axmif.avGS?
ap.wem.
(16) ytd0k .f ,d.k ,m. yuQ'ed .f pGKrf.aeif.aeif. ,HxKG wfaxavGS?
(1&) ytd0k .f armf (vdwaf [mfSq&m.) tpdKG S ,Hz@JG A.l avGS? weDSwvJi.f / wvmwvJi.f uxef.'sm.
(18) ytd0k .f ,dSk ,m;wGr.f acwfuxGSaig0;f ocsiSf zH.k axxef.yif.xkad vGS? 0ifvSkd rsKSd vdwaf pmif. utmxmSrdOw f hJ
(19) ytd0k .f acwfuxGS t'H.k ttlpKGd S (aw;*Dw0dik ;f ),Haxmif.avGS? 0ifSaz.tm.aEGmifS ae'dKG ef;u
quDyg wzlSqigxmSrmSpJO.f wAm.pD.tavGmufS w,f.tp AStem (tpD.tpJO.f wef) uG y f a em0f S rS
pD.rH.csuf wJr;f xdKG @S xGL wJif terf;tjcHK ,Haz.cGKrfrmSavGS? nnwvJi.f / waeif.wvJi.f uxef.'sm.
eDytd0k .f vdwaf pmif. trsKSd rJik Sf w,0f;
xD.aoAm. eDytdk0f.vdwfvJkifSwGrf.a,ef.iJ;a&StpdGKSwef a&.&G,f.csuf EJlif;,dkzHk.e0fS [0faz.tm.xdKG ufig.oGL?
[dKG efa[m0foSa&Saz.tm.ud'k sm.oGL? eDoOG ;f oD;wJh ytd0k .f ay.wjzmStae. erf;wGr.f erf;
rOf.wdKG .avGS 0ifScrf;nmSwGiSf
aocsmwm.0Ge.f xGL aEGmifStm.wGr.f axif;xrfSudAk m. pdKG ;cdKG SxmSrmSwGr.f wJr;f &Grf pk
rdO.f armhS'g. xmS'kuQ xmS,yfScJik .f e0fS
ax Am. ytd0k .f rJu*f odO;f vdwaf pmif.EJil ;f ,do
k LG ?
ytd k 0 f . csif S csif S ul . nD . aoG m h 0 if S aemf ?

14 ytdk0f.rJuf*odOf;
 7? 1353=Am.aeif./ oGOfwefStrJkif(&)e0fS t0f.a0ifSe,f.awmif.uDS
cGeaf rmif.crf; (xDacghS) wJr;f > (Xm.e zgrKGd ef;)oGL?

v GS xGmaEGmifSq&m. 8? 1354=Am.aeif./ oGOw f efStrJik (f 8)aem0fS atm0f.a0ifSe,f.[dyk SkH (

a
Gl. K%f.
Xm.e&ef.uifS)oGL?

x * vdwyf td0k .f A[d.k oGOw

f efS
9? 1355=Am.aeif./ oGOfwefStrJkif(9)e0fS t0f.a0ifSe,f.yifavmifS
(Xm.eaemifw&m; )oGL?
10? 1356=Am.aeif./ oGOfwefStrJkif(10)e0fS t0f.a0ifSe,f.oD.oJif.
(Xm.eausmifSuef.wef oJik af cg0)f oGL?
11? 1357=Am.aeif./ oGOw f efStrJik (f 11)e0fS t0f.a0ifSe,f.vG,v f rJ f
(Xm.e0g.jcm yif.vH)k oGL?
12? 1358=Am.aeif./ oGOw f efStrJik (f 12)e0fS t0f.a0ifSe,f.awmif.uDS
(Xm.evG,Sf cHS)oGL?
13? 1359=Am.aeif./ oGOw f efStrJik (f 13)e0fS t0f.a0ifSe,f.yif.avmifS
(Xm.eaemifw&m;)oGL?
14? 1360=Am.aeif./oGOfwefStrJkif(14)e0fSt0f.a0ifSe,f.[dkyHkS
(Xm.eauwkrwD; erf;ckw)f oGL?
15? 1361=Am.aeif./ oGOw f efStrJik (f 15)e0fS t0f.a0ifSe,f.uavmfS
(Xm.eeef;wdik ;f )oGL?
ytdk0f.rl.ay.pdGKS - xif.vdwfytdk0f. A[dk.oGOfwefS trJkifS(23) yGHK. 16? 1362=Am.aeif./ oGOfwefStrJkif(16)e0fSt0f.a0ifSe,f.vG,fvJrf
eDoOG ;f oD; acwf,kd (Xm.e0g.jcm yif.vH)k oGL?
xD.Am.aoAm. oGOAf m. xl.*GK%.f az.tm.Am. eDvw d yf td0k .f wGr.f 17? 1363=Am.aeif./oGOfwefStrJkif(17)e0fS t0f.a0ifSe,f.oD.oJif.
A[d.k oGOw f efSe0fS uH.[0farG;ig.oGL? ydKG ;e0fSrS eDvw d yf td0k .f ,dk az.uwdO.f (Xm.eokcatmif.nD.)oGL?
acGgi/f az.uwdSk wufavGSxJi;f xJi;f e0fS 1340 Am.aeif./ ytd0k .f oCFm. 18? 1364=Am.aeif./ oGOw f efStrJik (f 18)e0fS t0f.a0ifSe,f.awmif.uDS
om.oem. &udw Q tpdKG S (,dck g) zefajymifSaz. ytd0k .f vdwv f ikJ Sf pGpSf vDwm. (Xm.exDord .f )oGL?
A[d.k oCFm.pdKG S wGr.f xmSrmS&JO.f EJil ;f ,dzk .kH oGL? 19? 1365=Am.aeif./ oGOw f efStrJik (f 19)e0fS t0f.a0ifSe,f.yif.avmifS
eDytdk0f.vdwfvJkifSwGrf.a,ef.iJ;a&S az.ae;uwdOf.acGgif (Xm.e aqmif.ajymif.)oGL?
xif.xdw k aoGmif;vGO?f 20? 1366=Am.aeif./ oGOw f efStrJik (f 20)e0fS t0f.a0ifSe,f.[dyk SkH (Xm.e
eDytdk0f.udkynm.a&SwGrf.Ak'<bm.om.tac.cH. a,ef.iJ;a&S ausmufwefS)oGL?
tvS 'g.ynm.,HvKGd if. tmvGO?f 21? 136&=Am.aeif./ oGOfwefStrJkif(21)e0fS t0f.a0ifSe,f.oD.oJif.
eDytd0k .f udk avGmif.Al.jzrG ;f nD./ oD.G xDSa&S ,H[0fvOG w f rG .f crf;&ifS (Xm.e okcatmif.nD. oJik af cg0)f oGL?
om;tcsiSf csiSf udKG ufSaygiSf tHt k 0f.a&S ,HwOd .f acGgiv f OG ?f ppGO.f a&.rd.k csuf 22? 1368 =Am.aeif./ oGOw f efStrJik (f 22)e0fSt0f.a0ifSe,f.vG,Sf vJrf
EJil ;f ,dzk .kH t0f.aAGoLG ? (Xm.e0g.jcmS yif.vH)k oGL?
ytd0k .f vdSk rsKSd pGKrf.jzmS ,Hu'g.csmeDpKGd ;cdKG Svdwyf td0k .f e0fS ytd0k .f 23? 1369 =Am.aeif./ oGOw f efStrJik (f 23)e0fS t0f.a0ifSe,f.awmif.uDS
vdwv f ikJ Sf pGpSf vDwm. A[d.k oCFm.pdKG S tGOt f xsS t0f.tGOrf mSaz.oGL? (Xm.e 0g.jcm ausmufwvHSk )oGL?
e0foLG wum.awm0f; xGmaEGmifSq&m. vdwyf td0k .f A[d.k oGOw f efS,dv k hJ 24? 1370 = Am.aeif./ oGOw f efStrJik (f 24)e0fS t0f.a0ifSe,f.
pGKrf.aeif.aeif. t0f.aAGmif t0f.oGOaf z.EJil ;f [ef.eDSe0fS eDoOG ;f oD;[dKG ef[0f 25? 1371=Am.aeif./ oGOw f efStrJik (f 25)e0fS t0f.a0ifSe,f.[dyk SkH (Xm.e
xl.*GK%f. wJr;f 'if.aoSAm. vdwo f rJiSf EJil ;f ,do
k LG ? &ef.uifS)oGL?
1? 1347=Am.aeif./ oGOfwefStrJkif(1)e0fS t0f.a0ifSe,f.awmifSuDS 26? 13 72 = Am.aeif./ oGOw f efStrJik (f 26)e0fS t0f.a0ifSe,f.oD.oJi.f
(Xm.exDazgi;f )oGL? (Xm.e okcatmif.nD. oJik af cg0)f oGL?
2? 1348=Am.aeif./ oGOw f efS(2)e0fS a0ifSe,f.awmif.uDS (Xm.eausmuf 27? 1373=Am.aeif./ oGOfwefStrJkif(27)e0fS tD.t0f. tD.tGOf.
wvHSk )oGL? a0if S yif . vH k o G L ?
3? 1349 =Am.aeif./ oGOw f efStrJik (f 3)e0fS t0f.a0ifSe,f.yifavmifS ytd0k .f vdwv f ikJ Sf pGpSf vDwm. A[d.k oH.Cm.pdKG S tGOif g
(Xm.ejcrf.) udo k LG ? pGKrf.aeif.aeif. uatm0f.aAGmif/ uatm0f.oGOfaz.'sm.
4? 1350=Am.aeif./ oGOw f efStrJik (f 4)e0fS t0f.a0ifSe,f.[dyk SkH (Xm.e xGmaEGmifSq&m. vdwyf td0k .f A[d.k oGOw f efSaem0fS eDytd0k .f cdKG Swm. rJih gAef
vH;k [D. rJik ;f aumif)oGL? rJih gvikJ ;f wdSk wufwOd .f acGgif xif.xdw k m. [dKG e[
f 0fx.l *GK%.f c&m.[0farG;oGL?
5? 1351=Am.aeif./ oGOfwefStrJkif(5)e0fS t0f.a0ifSe,f.oD.oJif.
(Xm.eyifp)kH udo k LG ? ? xl . ud G K @S ?
6? 1352=Am.aeif. / oGOfwefStrJkif(6)e0fS t0f.a0ifSe,f.vG,fvJrf cGefytdk0f. tifwmeufvdwfrJhigwGrf.ytdk0f.rJuf*odOf.vdwfapmif.udkoGL?
(Xm.e0g.jcm yif.vH)k oGL? http://www.khunpaoh.com
PA-OH MAGAZINE 15
 ytdk0f.pdGK;cdGKSvGpfxef.a&StpdGKS
wJ r f ;

'Drukd a&pD pepfu&dSk aem0fS r[m. vdSk rsKSd wef0g.'u&dSk aem0fS

crf;xD tm.%m.wef(3)rsKSd uxGm'g.
tk y f c sKwf a &Stm.%m./
Oya'.axcG i f S tm.%m./
w&mSpD.&if.cGifS tm.%m. zHk.,dk t0f.Am.crf;om;pludk
crf;om; tkycf sKwfa&Spepf e0fS[JSh 'Dru kd a&pD pepfoLG ?
Oya'.qSuDe0fS ygSrJik Sf rJik Sf wJh t0f.vSw0f;oGL?
ae;wGr.f 'Dru kd a&pDe,fSwJif crf;om;trsmSzH;k vdKG uaf &G@ crf;om;
ud,k .f pm.v,f.xGLawGmSh az.tyftm.%m.cGiSf t0f.twGKd ifS odrSf xl.csm
cGiSf wJh t0f.'sm.oGL?
e0fSrS 'Drdkua&pDpepftudk,dk cGKrfrmSaqmif.&GufavGSAm.
crf ; om;tusKd S / crf ; xD t usKdS vGK rfS oGL ? [ef. eDS urBm.tavmif ;
uwdkSwufxif.xdkvJOf;'g. crf;xDzHk.e0fS uGyfpGOf.usifSoGHKS'Drdkua&pD
pepfe0fSoGL?
eDvSkd rsKSd / eDcKGd SEG,.f ,dk rswx
f akd ,ef.au.vdKG xJi;f vdSk rsKSd vif pwJif
oSjzHK.xd/k twWoef0g.'e0fS [JSh r[m.vdSk rsKSd wef0g.'oGL?
uGyaf em0fSrS eDvSkd rsKSd cH.xl.cgSEJil ;f e0fSoGL?
r[m.vdkSrsKdSwef0g.',dk xGmzufqpf0g.'/ emZD0g.'wGrf.
tm.%m.osi.f pepf trsKSd rsKSd oD; t&D;G tcd.k oGL?
uGypf OG .f *syefzufqpf/
tDwvDzufqpfwrG .f
emZD*smr%Do;D r[m.vdSk rsKSd wef0g.'wJif xGmAm.vJO;f 'kw, d
urBm.pJSh oGL?
pJSh tm.%m.osi.f (pJSh ref;)oD; uedupf uf/ urmSoD/ uawufEsS
Am.vdSk rsKSd aygiSf pGKrf.oD;tavmif;e0fS uGyaf 0GSoD;(pJSh ref;) usiSf oGKH Sr[m.
vdSk rsKSd wef0g.' e0fSoGL?

cGeq
f m.AGm (oD.oJi.f ) wJr;f > Knowledge [0faoc&m. A[kokw

xDu&dkSaem0fS xmrJkifS xDajcmif txGmvGOfp EJlif;rJkifSa[mif;

xDu&dSk e0fSta&mif.tJOx f 0f;/tvD;G tJOx f 0f;/ t&om;tJOx f 0f;/ xDz.kH ut0f.aomhS'g. xDajcmifuzkd .kH e0fS xGm'sm.xDcrf; (crf;xD)
xGm'sm.j'yfaygi'f sm.oGL? [H.pD.(ajrqD)udek 0f xDt0f.aoGmSh / wvDSudek 0fS zH.k 'sm.oGL? crf;uavmhcgwiG Sf crf;xD(xDcrf;)zH.k e0fS pGKrf;EdKG @aomhSvifS[H.
xDt0f.aomhS/ xDu&dSk e0fSxGm'sm. [Ju k 'f &dSk pOf "mwfv;l tzDpG m;wGr.f udkzHk.oGL? xDcrf;upGKrf;vifS'g. [H.tudk,[ef.zHk.e0fS xGmxdkSxDvl;
atmufopD Of"mwfv;l txGL.pm;e0fS eDrsKSd aygiSf a&mfSvG0ifS'sm.oGL? (xDwtdKG ) awGmSh wdKG .xif.avGS wvDSudo k LG ?
atmufoDpOfwGrf. [Jkuf'&dkpJOfeDrsKdS pdef.cdk;u|rfSvG0ifSawGmhS ,[ef.e0fS aoif.rGL; t&D;G zH.k pkuSf xl.aoScgS/ uJe;f tmtme0fS
xGmvGOAf m. xDe0fSoGL? xDe0fSzswu f m.aEGmifS t&ef;oG&H ef;/ (1)txD&ef;/ tvifSxGmxDtdGKifS tdGK;[H.udkzHk.e0fSoGL? uGyfEJkif;e0fSrS xDtdGKifSay./
(2)twGwSf (tcJS)&ef;/ (3)tvl;&ef; EJil ;f aem0fSoGL? xDtKGd ifSwefyOd af xGmif;axGmif; tdKG ;[H.ud(k tdKG ;vS)zH.k olSe0fSxGmvGOf t0f.
xDt,m.cdO.f rdO.f t0f. oHn k zJv
h (=32) 'D*&D oOfw*D &dw;f e0fS vGOf Am.xmSe0fSoGL?
xGmtwGwfS(tcJ)&ef;/ t&ef;e0fSe0fSwJh xDwGwfS(a&cJ) EJlif;e0fSoGL? xDtKGd ifSzH.k ut0f.'g. tdKG ;[H.udk (tdKG ;vS)zH.k ol ,[ef;e0fS tzlS
xDt,m.cdO.f rdO.f t0f.oHn k zJSh uD (= 100) 'D*&DoOfw*D &dwef 0fS t0f.t (twd)k ay.ay.wefwefz.kH t0f.'g.awGmSh xGwSf &G,.f xef.vGOcf sm[H.avmif;
xDxmG ajymifSxdAk m. tvl;&ef;/ t&ef;e0fSe0fS [JSh xDv;l EJil ;f aem0fSoGL? uDawGmSh xDajcmifu&dSk e0fS xGmvGOf t0f.vGOAf m.xmS EJil ;f e0fSoGL?
xDrOfwtJOx f 0f;e0fS ouft0f.owW0g.oD;zH.k wJh wt0f.aEGm0fS xDrOf.xGwfS&G,f.ay.ay.wJh [JhSxDajcmifay./ rdOf.xGwfS&G,f.
w0f;/ uGyef 0fSrSj*Kd v.f tavmif;tvifz.kH ut0f.aoGmSh 'g. pufusmS0vm. wefwefwhJ [JSh xDajcmifwef EJil ;f e0fSoGL?
udzk .kH oGL? pufusmS0vm.avmif;e0fS xDwt0f.w0f;awGmSh ouft0f. ,[ef.e0fS xGwSf &G,.f ay.ay.&dSk uDvhJ xDajcmifay.csiSf csiSf zH.k
owW0g.oD; wrJik Sf rJik Sf wJh wt0f;aEGmifSw0f;e0fSoGL? avGSaygiSf iDSvGS0ifSawGmSh xGmvGOx f aD jcmifwefwShJ t0f.oGL?
16 ytdk0f.rJuf*odOf;

a0;cGeaf rmif.(xDpLG pGKrf;)wJr;f >
vdwa
f 0G.zef.
az.ax hcGefcGef=ausmufwJif.
r*Fvm.'sm. zl.ay.
xGm;a[mfS az.tm.vdwaf pmif.om;
pGKrf.jzmS ,HutHk[0fjcdGKif.oefSe0fS t0f.qk
awmifSaz.'sm.oGL?
ydKG if;0dKG @wrG .f zl.ay.uwJr;f 'g. &Grjf zJKifS
tEk y nm.om;cG J ; usH L .&yf e0fS wykwfwJif
a0;armif. utHyk qm;nvJO;f 'g.wJr;f vdwef 0fS
jzdKG vGOf AefvOG f wJr;f xGmcsmtD,if;vdwu
a0;armif. t0f.0Ge.f cH.'sm.oGL? zl.ay. uwJr;f 'g.
&Grjf zJKifS,dk wykwt f avmif; a0;armif. rJOaf 0G.
zef.csmig zl.ay.t0f.wpdSoGL?
rOf.xGm;EJik ;f zl.ay. uwJr.f 'g.vdwf
txDtoDG.zHk.e0fS [dGKeftH.jzm./ [dGKeftm.&S/
[dGKef[0foSa&S xl.*GK%f.'sm.oGL? uGJ.awGmhS
zl.ay. uwJr;f 'g.vdwef 0fS vd.k tyfr,
ae 'dKG ef;u&dSk e0fS a0;armif. a'gSh pGO.f pGO.f 'sm.oGL?
zl . ay.uwJ r f ; 'g. &G r f j zJ K if S ,d k w yk w f t ud k
a0;armif. rJOaf 0G.zef. rOfaxmufe,fcsmaz.ig.
tcsut f acg0ef 0fSEJik ;f v,dt k wdKG ifS oGL zl.ay.?
(1) EJil ;f ,dck g eDytd0k .f tEkynm.zJSh e0fS
wdkSwufpvJOf;/ wdkSwufvGOfvJOf;
u&dkS'g.aig0f;,dk eDiGg/ i0f;,dk eDiGgtavmif;
rJOaf 0G.zef.ig. zl.ay.EJil ;f ,do k LG ? wdSk wufpvJO;f
u&dSk 'g. aig0;f ,dw k iGge0fS oGKH Sc&m.wvd.k w0f;oGL?
zl.ay. oGHKSaAmhS wdkSwufvGOfvJOf;,dk wiGgig
e0fSrS tD.arG. tD.rJOo f LG ? ydKG if;0dKG @wrG .f eDytd0k .f
tEkynm.zJeh 0fS wdSk wufpt&ef;warG;w0f;oGL?
t0f.wdSk wufvOG cf ed .f 'sm.oGL zl.ay.?
(2) &Gpfom;wJh &GpfpGOf.'sm.aig0f
ocsifS acwfwomvGKrfSvJh wxGLxGmw0f;
vdw, f w kd ydKG uftavmif; a0;armif. rJOaf 0G.zef.
EJil ;f rJik Sf EJil ;f armf/ c,m/ aig0;f wJu/f aig0;f tdKG ./
aig0f;uJ/ xHkarmif;aig0f;/ aig0f;ocsifS wGrf.
Zmwfw, G Sf zH.k e0fS xGi.f womvd.k wvSw0f;oGL
zl;ay./ xGif.wom utD.vS'g.e0fS armf/
aig0;f wJu/f aig0;f tdKG ./ aig0;f uJ/ i0f;ocsiSf wGr.f
Zmwfw, G Sf zH.k vGKrfSoGL? c,me0fS rmSEJik ;f rJik Sf
tD.xGif.womzl.ay./ e0fSrS xHkarmif;i0f;,dk
rmSEJil ;f rJik Sf tD.xGi.f wom/ t0f.'H.k wao.ao.
vJOf; a-umif.a-umif./ a-umif.aAha-umif.
EJlif;,dkawGmhS tD.avGSxGif.xJif;,if; EJlif;rJkifS/
'H;k awmpGO.f a-umif.a-umif.a-umif. aAhaAhaAh
EJil ;f ,dk apmif;tD. xGmeJ@tD zl;ay.?
(3)tGtG O f v G 0 if S ac;jyJ i f . aAmh S
aig0f ; ocsif S um&mtd k a ue0f S xl S qef S
w0f;'GKrf/ vdwt f yGKd uf ,dtk avmif; a0;armif.
rJOaf 0G.zef. EJil ;f ,do k LG ? a0;armif.oD; tEkynm.
om;,dk rJOfac;/ rJOfjyJif.ig.0ifS um&mtdkau
(aig0;f ocsiSf )awGmSh axAm.acG./ wJr;f Am.aig0;f
ocsifS/ tGOf.xef.Am. um&mtdkauzHk.warG; r*Fvm.'sm.-o?
w0f;oGL zl;ay. @ @ @ @ @? xD . Am. aoAm. tEk y nm.om;
uG y f 0 g.oem./ xD c smig.pd G K ;cd G K S/ a0;cGefarmif.(xDpGLpGKrf;) uwJrf;a0G.zef.'sm.
uGyf&ufig.tEkynm.awGmhS axxef.Am.'sm. vdwef 0fS auSZlSwif.ig.oGL?
u&dSk e0fS ae.wef.zl;ay. t0f.aoem.'sm. rw0f [ef.eDS,dck g eDytd0k .f tEkynm.zJSh e0fS
eJ/uax'g.aig0;f ocsiSf zH.k ,dk twxlSqefSw0f; wJrf;aig0f;ocsifSom;/ &Gpfaig0f;ocsifSom;/
'GKrfvJh tw,dk;xdkSw0f;oGL? aig0f;wJufe0fS axaig0;f ocsiSf om;/ az.tm.(ajzSem.)om;wJh
f &dSk vJh
'Hk;aomhSygwGrf.wdef./ '&rf aomhSt'Hk;ttl t0f.tm'sm.oGL?
trsKdSrsKdSawGmhS zefqifS xlSxlSqefSqefSe0fS uGaJ wGmSh wJr;f om;/ &Gpo f m;/ axom;/
t0f.vS'sm./ aig0f;ocsifSvJhaomhSw0f;'GKrf az.tm.om;tcg. ae;wGr.f ap.wem. rdOaf 'gSh
vJkif.wdef. '&rf uD;bkwf r,f'vifzHk.awGmhS az.ig. aig0;f EJil ;f ,dx
k LG ? eDytd0k .f tEkynm.om;
aomhSa&mfSvJik .f awm;wGr.f armif;aig0;f / c,m ut0f;tmvJO;f EJil ;f ,dck g (wdSk wufxSl qefSrkS)
aig0;f wJif zefqifSxlSxlSqefSqefS EJik ;f e0fSvJh az.ut0f.az.u,He0fSt0f.vd.k zefSqifSxJi;f oGL?
t0f . vS'sm./ uG J ; awG m h S tcgif . vrf ; wG r f . zef S qif S EJ l i f ; rJ k i f S a[mif ;
k t kd 0f.tm
tcif.vrf; rdO.f warG;w0f;/ rdO.f wrJO.f w0f;e0fS tEkynm.om;EJlif;EJlif;0ifS vdGKxJif;
xGm;apmif;tD.[0feJ@ zl;ay./ tAdGKefxdkS'g. uaig0;f ocsiSf qJiSf wGr.f
0if S tG O f . xG K rf ; zd k S yem.cif . zm. oGL? Zmwfw, G Sf a'Ggi.f az.ynm./
zl.ay.wJh xGmvJO;f oGL vdww f rJ ;f om; vdSk rkSa&S pG;J urf;udak z.ynm./
wjzmSu zl.ay.uoGKH S'g. aig0;f a0g[m&zH.k ,dk ynm. a&Saz.ynm./
tavGSEJil ;f rJik Sf u&dSk aem0fS atm0f.vd.k pJpaf qS xGKH .pH.a,ef.iJ.a&S az.ynm./
csmoGL? ayg.wJrf;vJOf;oGL vdwfwykwfe0fS &yf&m. orJiSf / 'Ho k rJiSf / oS&ufpKGd ;cdKG S
&GrfjzJKifSoif 0wWK uAsmwGrf. vdwftrsKdSrJkifS ,HwvmvGOf az.ynm./ qd@k S&Jik af &Saz.ynm./
w,0f; t0f.vd.k ,l.clc/l ,l.pJi;f pJi;f / ,l.pGKrf.pGKrf. jcdGKif.oefSa&Saz.ynm./ avGmif.Al.a&Saz.
xGLrS rdO.f wJr;f e0fS ,de;f [0foLG zl;ay.? e0fSrS ynm. pwJizf .kH ,dw k hJ t0f.vd.k ,l. t0f.vd.k rmS
zl;ay.vJh t0f.vdk.wJrf;e,f/ t0f.vdk.rmSe,f/ t0f.vd.k aAGmif t0f.vd.k zefSqifSxJi;f ig.oGL?
t0f . vd k . xG K rf . e,f v J O f ; wG r f . te,f S qS/ acwf a vG m uf S tae.
te,fS,H/ te,fSwdSk wuf te,fSvGpv f pG o
f LG xlSqefSrkS az.uxGm/ az.utme0fS
zl;ay. @ @ @ @ @ ? t0f.vdk.a'ghS&D t0f.vdk.wdGKif.yif.vG0ifSxGL
aig0f ;
oSuvd.k 'g. qENtwdKG ifS t0f.vd.k rmSe,f vJO;f wGr.f te,fS tavmif.
,HuaAG'sm.aoGm?h tvifoLG ? zefSqifSaEGmifS'g. zefSqifSaEGmifS
wGr.f ap.wem.AGmAGm/ tm.e0f S t0f . 'sm.eD y td k 0 f . tEk y nm.om;
wGr.f vdwo f pPm.wJif tavmif;ao.csm.oGL?
a0;cG e f a rmif . / xD p G L pG K rf ; ? cGefcGef (ausmufwJif.)
PA-OH MAGAZINE 17
 e0fSrS ,dw k vJi;f e0fS a'gSh pGO.f pGO.f 'sm.
cGeaf v; wJr;f > eDytd0k .f aig0;f oScsiSf tEkynm.acwf,v kd Skd rl.pdKG S aig0f;oScsifSvufaqmif.
udk zJSh pGKrf.vS&Gpaf ig0;f oScsiSf ,He0fS eif.rd;k rd;k pH
a'ghS&DwGrf. wJh t0f.ygaoGmSh wjzmSaeaeoGL?
cGefrGL;a&mif. = wJrf;
eif.rdk;rdk;pH aig0f;ocsifS eif.rd;k rd;k pH u&Gp'f sm.aig0;f ocsiSf zH.k e0fS
xmS&ufc&m./ z0c&m./ vdkSrsKdSc&m./ xGHKSpH.
eif.rdk;rdk;pH = &Gpf
a,ef.iJ;a&Sc&m./ oS&ufpKGd ;cdKG S avGmif.Al.a&S
wdOaf cGgit f D eDytd0k .f vdSk rsKSd wGuw f m.oGL?
eDytd0k .f rl.
az.tm.aig0;f ocsiSf om;wGr.f [H.rdOf.arsmf. wvdk@'g.awm0f;
eDytdk0f.zHk.uaoigS'g. zJhSpGKrf.vS vdkSrdOf.arsmf. wvGKrf;'g.awm0f;/
&Gpfaig0f;oScsifS,H a0;rl. eif.rdk;rdk;pH aem0fS pdGK;xJhvdk@xrf pdk;oGwfSvdk@xrf
w,f.ppGOf. oS&m.oGHwJkif xef.pum.oGL? xdefSodrfS0ifS vdkSrsKdSyigy&mSaem/
oS&m.oGw H ikJ /f wJuw f KGd iSf r'g. / oD&uf 0ifS,m;uJkif'g. eDvdkSrsKdS,dk tzHk.
EJil ;f rJik /f &ufarG;aea[mif;/ a0;oSajymifSvJO;f / e0fSrS a'ghSaz.,GKrf;AJif;rdGKif
a0G.'em.crf;nmS/ wjzmS'sm./ aig0f;oScsifS
oufao./ az.cef;rdKG if/ armifSig.emSoJiSf / &uf eDytdk0f.rl. wa&SEJlif;EJlif;
pwJiif 0f;ocsiSf zH.k e0fS vdSk zH.k udO;f tmtmusKu d Sf / 'g.ynm. atm0f.EJlif;EJlif;
xGm;awmrdGKef;tvif emoStGOf.rdGKef;tvif
vd k S zH k . ud O f ; tmtmaoigS eif . rd k ; rd k ; pH wJ h
rJ0h ifSxif.zGx
D iJ ;f emStavmif;
a'ghSt0f.vS'sm.oGL?
&ufcsm'sm. eDytdk0f.rl.,dkzHk.
eif.rd;k rd;k pH u&Gpw f ,G Sf 'sm.wGr.f tcdk e0fSrS a'ghSaz.em.AJif;rdGKif
aig0;f ocsiSf zH.k e0fS acwfvw D rG .f acwfwom yg
wGr.f aig0;f uJrsKSd zH.k e0fS ,HusSarG;ig.oGL? oDrOf.w&ufawm0f; ygSrJkifS&uf tdGK; a0;a[G;
aeif. 2011 Am./ wGr.f cGew f ;l av; u&Gpn f SD 'sm. eef; / emS,l.az.AJi;f rdKG if xGm;csmAJi;f eDytd0k .f pdKG ;cdKG Stwm.
rGL;eDcKGd Sytd0k .f 'JOo
f .D vmaAG (xJik Sf crf;) aig0;f ocsiSf oufao. wJeh 0fS e0fSrS a'ghSaz.em.AJif;rdGKif
eif.rdk;rdk;pH = &Gpfaz.tm.aig0f;ocsifSyGHK. wG r f . cG e f & J a oG ; u&G p f n D S 'sm.
aig0;f ocsiSf zH.k wJeh 0fS tE W&m,f.atm0f. tGOf.owdcef;
wG r f . cG e f a Zmf A J i f ; u&G p f n D S 'sm. oS,l.rm. xef.rdGKef;tzHk.
aeif . 2011 Am./ aig0f;oScsifSzHk.wJhe0fS em.Am.wJh oScsHSom. rJhSemS,m.w-uGSxrf rJhSemSqGKwfSwjcif;xrf
aysm.nDSAm.oGL? cH.AGL;rdGKef; eDytdk0f.oDG.,dkaem
rGL;eDScdKG Sytd0k .f 'JOof .D vmaAG xJik .f crf;
cH.qmrdGKef; odGKef.oS&m.AGmqm;
=a0ifSbefaumufe0fS rdO.f a'gSh Am.wJh [dKG ef[0f tHn k mS ytd0k .f crf; EJil ;f ,dck g
e0fSrS a'ghSaz.,GKrf;cef;rdGKif
oSa&S xl.*GK%f.c&m. xGmarG;ig.oGL? uxdKG if.em.Am. a0;rl. eif.rd;k rd;k pH
eDoGOf;oD; ytdk0f.tEkynm.om;pdGKS u&Gp'f sm. aig0;f ocsiSf zH.k udek 0fS wigajzif wcH.tJOx f 0f; oD.G aAmhSvJh wcH.a&mSw0f;
t0f.ytdk0f.crf; vGOf az.tm.&Gpfaig0f;ocsifS oS&ufcKGd SxGmtD/ zl.rl.,m.,dk zl.rl.oDG.udk eDrdGK;ydkrl. &wem.,dkaem
xJik .f crf;e0fS xGmpGO.f 'sm. t&D;oGwSf wvJi.f wJh avGmif.Al.a&SwdOfacGgiftD/ &ufcsm'sm. eDytdk0f.ay.udkzHk.
a'ghSt0f.vS'sm.oGL? aoem.vGOf xmS&ufarwWm. pwJif e0fSrS a'ghSaz.,GKrf;AJif;rdGKif
eDoOG ;f cGeaf v;([dyk SkH )utD.wJr;f 'sm. xmScH.pmSrkSe0fS w,f.ppGOf. oS&m.oGHwJkif
a0;rl. eif.rd;k rd;k pH c&m.e0fS orf;wa'gSh &DAm.w0f; tacGukd ASwdKG . [ef.eDS,dck g eif.rd;k rd;k pH u&GpSf 'sm. oDrdOf.w&ufawm0f; eDytdk0f.rl. tdGK; a0;a[G;
wGr.f eif.rd;k rd;k pH erf;wJiSf vdwu f wl.pJO.f aem0fS aig0;f oScsiSf e0fS aqhSxJi;f awm0f;(100)&yfe0fS cH.aAmhStHkjzm;xrf wxif;wefw0f;
az.aoScgSpG O f . (a'gh a'gh S &D ; wG r f . eif . rd k ; rd k ; pH tvdKG ; t0f.ao.csm.oGL? crf;vifSvdkSrsKdSzHk. wcH.pDG.w0f; cH.aAmhSrl.erfSwef
aig0f;ocsifS) EJlif;,dkoGL?) e0fSrS [ef.aeif. ytd0k .f 'JOo f .D vmaAG
'JOo f .D vmaAG twGiSf e0fS xJkif.crf;udke0fS xl.qefSrkwJharG;/ xGHKSpJOf.,H
wjzmSwGr.f wjzmS orf;atm0f.nmS az.uxGme0fS rwfwefSoufao. wJr;f 'if.az. yomaxhvw d rf w
l rG .f ul.nD.&GOXf m.e
'sm.jzmSzJSh zJSh / cG;J Am.vG0ifSwJh orf;wzJik Sf a'gSh &D eDytd0k .f rJu*f odO;f vdwaf pmif.udo k LG ? vdwaf pmif.vSaEGmifSXm.e
w0f;e0fSrS xGm;vdwo f m; tvdKG ;ao.em.pGScGiSf utD.xef.womxJi.f aAG . ynmeEN
az.'sm.u&dSk e0fS atm0f.,GKrf;'sm.oGL? eif.rdk;rdk;pH aig0f;oScsifSzHk.aem0fS plvmSvHSk uGOSf oHCm.wuUov kd .f
wdGK.weDScg tac.tae.rdOf.az.e0fS atm0f.tHak yg/G t0f.az.tm.'sm. wao.ao. zH;k 08 7542 9219
a0;rl. eif.rdk;rdk;pH erf;ausmifSxGmpJOf.wGrf. tausmifS cG e f a omrwf p f
aig0;f oScsiSf wzlS&JO.f zH.k ,dk eDoOG ;f tm.rcH.'sm. ytd0k .f rJu*f odO;f tGOif g = 08 1087 1535
tD.wJr;f xJi;f oGL? cGeaf v;([dyk ;kH ) paomagazine@gmail.com
18 ytdk0f.rJuf*odOf;
 cGeAf efu-D wJr;f > xmSrmSom;b0 (xJik .f crf;)

vdkSrl.jzJKifS vdkScdktHkajcifyGHK.
xmSrmSom;b0 (xJkif.crf;)

xJkifScrf;udk w&mSw0if.awm0f; (ref;/avm0fS/uarBm.'D,m;) xmSrmSom;zHk.

w&mS0if . az.uxG m e0f S tpd k . & tD . rmSaz.,if ; xmSrmSom.vuf r wf o G L ?
atmfS vdkSrl.wzJhS qsmwzJhS w,f.p (15/ 06/ 2011)
ASwd G K . (14/ 0&/ 2011) twG i f S ,d k a z.uxG L tD . rmSaz.EJ l i f ; e0f S oG L ?

a0G S oD ; e0f S ,,f S qG r f S awG m h S uGypf OG .f 'sm.wtGO.f a&Sw0f. xmSrmS

,,fSyomoJifSvJOf;crf;ulwJh
a0G S oD ; e0f S ,,f S qG r f S awG m h S
avGSElufvGOfS vdk@Am. (2000)wJh
,dck g a0GSoD;e0fS ajymifSxdSk vJO;f
pwJif aig0;f EJil ;f ,dw k rG .f t,yfStcJik .f
xGmaEGmifS'sm. EJlif;,dkzHk.e0fS atm0f.[dGKefAm.cdGKScdGKS eDytdk0f.
xmSrmSom;tcefSudo k LG ?
tHx k ikJ .f crf;e0fS t,dSk warG;w0f;
xGKrf.weDS tH.weDS
xGKrf.w0f;wJh tH.rS ao.csm.oGL?
acwf,dkcgaem0fS xmSrmStm.cS
orf;vSaqhS/ uGef.wjcdKSorf;um;/ rmSpGOf.
xmSrmSwJh &GOpf &k rG f wtJOx f 0f;/ t0f.ao'sm.
vdkScdke0fS &ufarG;'sm. erf;vGKrf
twdGKifS=vrf;cwfcS/ xDcS/ ar.cS/ tH.tGScS/
avGSoJiSf csmigcS pwJif tac.tae.EJil ;f ,dek 0fS
tHzk xkd ikJ .f crf;om; t0f.ao'sm.oGL?
uG y f e 0f S rS eD y td k 0 f . xmSrmSom;
uJO;f tmtme0fS uGypf OG .f wrmSw0f; w&mS0if.
xmSrmSom;vufrwfwiJ Sf armhSusKH .wvl.Am.
t,yfStcJik .f e0fS t0f.tmwefoLG ?
t,yfStcJkif.EJlif;,dk az.uarGmhS
Am.aqhSwGr.f az.uarmhSAm.rdKG ef.e0fS t0f.vd.k
rmSvJO;f xmSrmSom;vufrwfoLG ?
vufrwft0f.wJh tHv k S'sm./
vufrwf t0f.w0f.wJt h vkH S'sm./
pufbdif;e0fS &ufxJif.0ifSrl.
tHv k OG v f OJ ;f cdKG if;rJik Sf rJik Sf
vd k S rl . vk d S rl . atmf v d k S rl . t0f . vd k . ,l . &GOw f tJOx f 0f;=pwGr.f xmS,l.EJil ;f ,dk
awm.vrf ; [0f a [mif ; / [0f w 0f ; a[mif ; t0f.vd.k tGO.f w0f;'GKrf eDerf;avmif;oGL?
om;vufrwfwJifS eDytdk0f.xmSrmSom;zHk.
tHkt0f.rkStac.tae.e0fS atm0f.,yfSwdGK.
[ef.eDSe0fSoGL?
eDytdk0f.xmSrmSom;zHk. w&mS0if.
az.uxGm/ tpdk.& crf;aAG.zHk. utGOf.az.'g.
tac.cH. tcGiSf ta&SzH.k ,dk az.uvScH.pmSAm.
EJik ;f EJil ;f 0ifSe0fS t0f.vd.k rmSvJO;f xmSrmSom;
vufrwfoLG ?
w&mS0if. xmSrmSom;vufrwf
rdO.f t0f.e0fS tHx k ikJ .f crf;wJh cd;k vsm;eef;Am.w0f;/
az.vJOf;tcGOf.tHkwJif/ tcGifSta&Saem0fS
vScH.pmSAm.oGL?
e0fSxGLwum.w0f; aeif. 2015 Am.
tmqD,H (10)EJil .f ief./ tD.avGmif.Al. cH.xl.avGS
pDSyGmSa&SAdKG ef rl0g.'wJif wdSk wufrSk e0fS tD.t0f.
vGOt f mxJi;f ,do k LG ?
e0fSrS
w,f.ppGO.f (15/ 06/ 2011)
ASwdKG . (14/ 07/ 2011) rGL;eDSaygiSf
(30)udk rdKG ifrKGd ifjydKifjydKif waxGmif;csi.f az.uxGL
e0fS 0ifStD.rmS,if;(vdSk wom vdSk vDS)xmSrmS
om;vufrwfwiJ f w,f.pGO.f ,dck g t0f.vd.k &Grf
cgSvJO;f &GOt f ausmifS tcde.f rdO.f wdKG . az.u,yfS
Am.rdKG ef;aem0fS atm0f.vd.k zsiq f ifScgSvJO;f u&dSk
wJr;f v0f;[dKG eAf m. (xJik Sf crf;)ytd0k .f xmSrmSom;
EJil ;f ,do k LG ?
cGefAefuD /
PA-OH MAGAZINE 19
 eif.cHSAGm (ytd0k .f rJu*f odO;f )wJr;f >

eD vGOx
f ikJ Sf crf;e0fS vdkSt0f.xJkifScrf;oJifS
,[ef.om; vSoJiSf &GOf
,[ef.om; vSoJiSf 'sm.
xD.jzGO, f m. cGrSf vmSAdKG
,[ef.,dk 0g.oJiSf e,f
umSqkid u f ,f pufrsKSd ,H
,[ef.wef oJiSf ajcifouf
,[ef.ruf pG,Sf oJiSf 'sm.
'g0o f .l &m. azifS,mAGm
,[ef.cg trl.pdKG S
wefwrdKG S iif;a'if[@kd S
,[ef.a&mif [dKG efaysm.oGi.f
vdSk rl.,[ef. vSoJiSf ykd
vdSk cd,
k [ef. vSa&m.*g.
pGKrf.[0farG;ig. oe,fa[G;?
ytd0k .f ay.zH.k udO;f tmaem0fS
wGr.f xmSa&.&G,.f csuf wjyHK.wjyif. cG e f a EG m if S &ef .
tGOv f SG 0ifSxif.vGOf xJik .f crf;oGL? cs,f & D a umif a &G S pE W m crf .

avGSwzlSavmif;wJh armhSwvl.Am. utD.pkvSEJkif; eDoSudkua&.cgStwdGKifSe0fS

t,yfStcJkif.zHk.e0fS wGuftvJif.aygifSwol.
aow0f ; oG L ? wd G K .vG O f c rf ; ul a vmif ; wG i f S
t,yfStcJik .f e0fS ,de.f armhSAm.oGL? ydKG ;xmSrJik Sf
wJh utD.EdKG @SwcGeSf 'sm.0ifScrf;e0fS t,dSk warG;
w0f;/ &GOw
f v hJ @kd 'sm.t,yfStcJik .f wJah rmhSAm.'sm./
avGSwzlSavmif;wJh irf;Am.'sm.,,fSqGrfS/
irf;Am.'sm. 0ifSyomwdKG .w0f;/ irf;Am.'sm.0ifS
pmtH.xdSk vdSk oGL?
xGKrf;uDpOG .f umS&dSk wJh wzlSaAmhSorf;
warG;w0f;/ orf;xGmwzlSnmSe0fSrS xkr;f umS
wJh orf;wxGKrf;Am.[0fw0f;/ wzlSavmif;,dk
xmS,l.udek 0fS eD,u kd .H wrJik 'f g. armhS,yfSig.oGL?
wdKG .oGL befaumufa0ifSwJh t0f.irf;
Am.uxmS/ 'g.w0f;0ifSaig0;f / 'g.w0f;0ifSvdwf
aow0f;0ifSxGHKSpH.wJifS rmSxmSrJkifSrJkifSwJh
w,f.Am.pGO.f tpvGO;f vGO;f oGL?
rmSaz.0ifSxmSrmSwJh tqif.wajy.
w0f;/ cH.,yfSAm./ cH.&dKG ;Am./ cH.'kuAQ m./ rmSaz.
ajcifAm.0ifSwJh cdGKif;rJkifSvJif.vJif. ,,fSxJkif.
qGrSf vSawGmSh yomoJiSf crf;ulwhJ cdKG if.rJik Sf cD.cD.
irf;arG;ig. zl;a0;rdKG ;zm qcsmom; aoxGSoGL?
,d k c gwG i f S xJ k i f . aig0f ; wJ h ' g.vJ O f ; /
avGSoJiSf csmigwhJ tqif.ajy.oGL? uGaJ wGmSh &GOf
20 ytdk0f.rJuf*odOf;
wxGmzsiw f 0f;/ w,dSk awm0f;oGL? tqJik Sf oGwSf
wG r f . xmSa&.&G , f . csuf wjyH K .wjyif . wJ i f
xdGKif.pdOfSpmScsm(xdGKif.tHk,l.csm)e0fS
aopGO.f 'sm. oufwef/
aopGO.f 'sm. erf;jzm;/
aopGO.f 'sm. tcde.f vd@k /
aopGOf.'sm.tusKdSaqhS/
aopGO.f 'sm. tD.xGmrGe0f ifSvdSk rsKSd / ,m.,D. em;avmif;wJh t0f.vS'sm.
aopGO.f 'sm. tD.oGKrfSxdSk ytd0k .f /
aopGO.f wJh ,l.,yfS&dKG ;ajcifAm.oGL?
tD.qGKH SzswAf m. erf;ytd0k .f / oSytd0k .f /
oD.G ytd0k .f ,dw k vJi.f e0fS tD.oJiSf csmwJh arG;w0f;/
orf;irf;rJih gay./ tD.avGSigwhJ arG;w0f;/ orf;tD.
xGmvdSk vdKG (orf;xGmvdSk EdKG @SwcGeSf crf;) ,l.,yfS
ig. z0,do k LG ?
atmfeyD td0k .f ay.zH.k udO;f tmtme0fS ,m.,D. pufb;D ydew
f hJ t0f.vS'sm.
wGr.f xmSa&.&G,.f csuf wjyHK.wjyif.wJh uwdKG .
vGO'f sm. xJik .f crf;wGiSf rmSxmSrmStrsKSd rJik Sf wJh
e0fS erf;wm./ vrf;wm./ cdKG Swm.e0fS ao.ao.
csm.csm. tusKSd az.uvSwrsKSd rsKSd e0fS t0f.vd.k
usKSd pmSxJi;f xJi;f oGL?
,m.,D. umSydeSf wJt
h 0f.vS'sm.
 eD r d O f . wtG O f . a&Sw0f ; obm0e0f h /
cGet
f m.udKG Sh - wJr;f >
obm0wJ h wtG O f . a&Scsmw0f ; eD /
xdefSodrfSaoGmhS0ifS obm0taomift&ifS eDvSkd wGr.f owW0g.oD; oufuatm0f.rGeAf efaEGmifS/ ut0f.xdKG i.f
avGSaEGmifS'g.xmS,dek 0fS uGyyf KGd ;pGO.f obm0'sm.oGL?
obm0 u&dSk e0fS a0GSwGr.f a0GS ut0f.xGLvJO;f 'g. ut0f.xGm'g.
xDar. wvDS aoif.0g. aumifaqmif. ygpOG .f eDvSkd wGr.f owW0g.oD;zH.k ,dek 0fS
[JSh Am.obm0oGL? eDvSkd wJh tHak emifvOG Sf pGO.f obm0/ obm0atm0f.rS
eDvSkd oD;,dk tHv k St0f.vSu&dSk aem0fS vdSk wdKG ifSpGKrf.jzmS t0f.vd.k aoem.
ig.vJO.f 0ifSoGL?
rdOf.a'ghSAm.aem0fS
eDytd0k .f vdSk rsKSd ,dk erf;yJi.f crf;xD wt0f.'dKG ef;EJil ;f 0ifSwJh
eDytd0k .f &yf&m.a'.oSudk aoif.0g.zH.k rdO.f ajcm.vGOw f eDScgoSl e0fS
xDwt hJ .D ajcm;vGO/f xDrOd .f ajcm;e0fS eDytd0k .f vdSk rsKSd zH.k / ut0f.vGKyfrmS'g.
ttH.ttGSwm./ t'D.t&m. tu0f.rsKSd zH.k vJo h if tD.armhSAm.xmS'kuQ
e0fS wvGpu f ifSw0f;oGL?
,dck gumvwm. eDytd0k .f vdSk rsKSd wpdKG SvGKrf; t0f.vd.k tGO.f a&Sig.
vJO;f 0ifSta&SoGL?
ta&Swm.0Ge.f u&dSk aem0fS
1? qJif.&mSwGrf.yk**dKvf.xGm;xdefSom; t0f.vdk.xl.wm.0Gef.arG;arG;/
t0f.vd.k tGOrf mSarG;arG;/ obm0taomift&ifSa&S?
2? qJi.f &mSwGr.f 'Hak qmif.&yfom;/ t0f.vd.k xGm;xdeSf udAk iJ ;f 0ifS obm0
taomif&ifS
3? qJi.f &mSwGr.f EJik .f ief.csmScrf;vifSom;/ uvGOw f ,f.axmif.aomhS'g.
urBm.[H.avmif; ut0f.ajymifSvJik .f csmig'g. owWKpuf,KHG .zH.k vJo h if/ ucdKG if;tD'g.eDytd0k .f tvGKyfStrmSttHt k t0f.
avmuobm0 ta[m0ftuJik f yx0D.[H.avmif;,dak em0fS jcd G K if . oef S a&S/ ucd G K if ; tD ' g.ouf t E W & m,f . zH k . aem0f S uxG m 'g.
cdef.cg.umSvwa&GSawm0f; ttD.xGmvGOfrJkifScgwJh wao&D;awm0f;/ eDytd0k .f vdSk rsKSd t0f.vd.k (uefSuGu)f &J;qDSudAk iJ ;f aoGmSh 0ifS?
xGmxGLvJOf;wJht0f./ t0f.xGmwGifSvJht0f./ tD.xGmxJif.,if;vJht0f./ aig0f ; owd
e0fSrSeDvSkd wGr.f owW0g.oD; tD.usL.H Am./ tD.xD.Am./ tD.cH.pmSAm./ obm0 eDytd0k .f &yf&m.a'.oudk uvSxdKG ufuvSoifS'g. tcGiSf ta&S
abSwGr.f tE &W m,f.zH.k ,dek 0fS/ urBm.[H.avmif; crf;wdKG iSf / aEGmifS[H.wdKG iSf / eDytd0k .f twm. tusKSd terf;zH.k aem0fS ae.wGr.f vdSk rkSa&S&m. Oya'.vJh
vdSk rsKSd wdKG ifS wvGpu f ifSawm0f;oGL? oif/ ae.wGr.f eDvSkd rsKSd Zm.wduKGd wf cif.vrf;tHk yJi.f qJi.f rkvo hJ if a'gSh cGiSf
ydKG if;0dKG @SwGr.f obm0abStE &W m,f.u&dSk aem0fS t0f.Am./ vScGiSf t0f.om;(uefuu G )f &J;qDScGiSf t0f.Am./ qJi.f &mSwGr.f
t0f.trsKSd rsKSd tpm;pm;/ crf;wef/ wvDSoef/ wvDS0dpSf / [H.jyifS/ eDytd0k .f vdSk 'g.ynm.om;/ wm.0Ge.f t0f.om; vd.k xGm;ajz.o#iSf udak z.ig.
yif.v,f.xDviJ Sf aAmufSaAm0f./ ar.cd;k xmSjcm/ ar.aumifyS/ xDvKG rf./ oGL? rdKG ;zmZm.wdcgi.f vrf;/ tH'k akH qmif. rdKG ;zmutGO.f uJik af oScgSaz.'g.
[H.wodGK;/ crf;acgif./ 0vifS/ cdGKif;um;wJif uxGmaEGmifStD'g. abS trD.G cH.zH.k ,dak em0fS wGr.f xJah om. tGO.f vJO;f aomhSrdKG e;f w0f; ygSwjzmS/ yk*vd
tE &W m,f.zH.k ,dk crf;wdKG ifS aEGmifS[H.wdKG ifS t0f.xGmvGOv f OJ ;f oGL? pDSyGmSa&Stae.EJil ;f e0fSe0fS eDytd0k .f vdSk rsKSd zH.k t0f.vd.k tGO.f owd xGm&dauQ.
uGyyf KGd ;pGO.f obm0abStE &W m,f.tausmifSc&m. EJil ;f qSuD [0f[0fAm.aem0fSoGL?
,dkzHk.aem0fS uudGKwfxGmvGOf'g. abStE W&m,f.trsKdSrsKdStavmif./ eDytdk0f.vdkSrsKdScrf;xDyJif. wt0f.w0f;&dkSuDvJh eDvdkSrsKdSt0f.
rdO.f axmifxmG ;csm wcrf;wGr.f wcrf;/ w&yfwrG .f w&yfuekd 0fS/ qJi.f &mSwGr.f tHkaomhS'g.a'.oudk vdkSwjzmStcGifSta&S/ vdkSrsKdStcGifSta&S/
eDvSkd oD;tHt k 0f.rkwrG .f uxl.oGKH S'g. obm0rsKSd zH.k vJo h if/ obm0ut0f. w&mSr#wrk ,dk vSxdKG ufvSoifS/ yJi.f qJi.f cGiSf t0f.Am.e0fSoGL?
xGLvJO;f 'g.zH.k vJo h if/ tGO0f ifSxl.oGKH StGO0f ifSrmS/ oGKd SjcH/ ,m;xdSk aoif./ rdO.f &ufarG; eDpKGd ;cdKG S eDvSkd rsKSd vJh
xGiSf vHS/ ,m;uJik /f zJSh uJik f aoif.rGL; 0g.rGL;wGr.f obm0taomift&ifS xGm;xdeSf udAk iJ ;f / &J;qDSudAk iJ ;f aoGmSh 0ifS?
zHk.aem0fSoGL? rOf.&ufarG; ydv k SD vJh
yx0D.urBm.[H.wefavmif; ut0f.tH'k if.'g. eDvSkd wGr.f owW0g. &ufygAiJ ;f aoGmSh obm0taomift&ifS tem*gwyf v kd SD wm.
oD;,dk ayg.&m.oD.Owk"mwfoabmfS tavGStoJiSf rdO.f wnD.w0f;e0fS aem0fS t0f.'sm.rdKG ;zmxmSrmStavmif;oGL?
tD.xGmvGO'f g. wpdKG ;wrsKSd aem0fS wvGpu f ifSw0f;oGL? e0fSrS eDvSkd oD; eDytd0k .f &yf&m.a'.oudk
twm. [0firf;c&m./ [0feef;c&m. rdO.f udKG wx f mG vGOwf vJi.f vJi.f vJah em0fS vdGKif.udGKefSom.,m. az.ut0f.vGOfe0fS eDytdk0f.vdkSrsKdS
xmSjcKd SOpPm. vrf;yg.zH.k eDvSkd wGr.f owW0g.oD; armhSAm.xmS'kucQ ;kd vsm;Am./ pGKrf.jzmS,dk t0f.vd.k tGO.f a&S xl.wm.0Ge.f ig.0ifStausmifS
vJifSwdGK.Am.pGOf. xmSoDz0e0fS urBm.[H.avmif; t0f.xD.zdkvGS'sm.
0ifSyigy&mSe0fSoGL? wG r f . ap.wem.oS&uf c d G K S = cG e f t m.ud G K S
PA-OH MAGAZINE 21
 ytdk0f.rJuf*odOf;=tGOfig
wGrf.ap.wem.rmSukodkvf.-eDytdk0f.a'ghS&DwdGKif.yif.-xGm;nDS0ifS"mwfyGHK.yG,fS
atmif.rsif.avGStwm. ap.wem.aAG. tvl.om;rdOfS

eD o G O f ; oD ; ytd k 0 f . pd G K ;cd G K Svd k S rsKd S ,d k aAG.ynmeEN (ausmufwJif.) 2000 cGefpdef;armif eif.rD.atmif. (yHkacsmif;) 200
vdSk rsKSd t*F g.uxGm'g.vdwv f ikJ Sf aig0;f iGg aAG.pifSpJkifS'DS (vG,fyGwfS) 300 cGefavmf eif.iJ;rl. ([dkyHk;) 300
uGOu f ScGrSf vmwGr.f xGKH SpH. a,ef.iJ;a&S t'H.k ttl aAG.*sm&Gef (arG.awm.) 300 cGefvarmif eif.ukvmSrl. ([dkyHk;) 500
zHk.,dk xif.xif.osmSosmS atm0f.aAGpGKrf.'sm.oGL? aAG.pifSu\&d,(xrf;z&mS) 200 cGefyefSatmif. (apmuf.uqsm.) 50
aAG.tmEGef 300 o#if.zmvayg eif.rdGK;iJ; (ausmifwefS) 200
eDytd0k .f vdwv f ikJ Sf i0f;iGg uGOu f ScGrSf vmS
aAG.pifSyefS,m 200 cGefpdk; eif.rD.EGefS (ausmufwefS) 150
wGr.f xGKH SpH. a,ef.iJ;a&S t'H.k ttl ut0f.aAG'sm.
cGefxl.atmif.(rdGKifyGOf erfAdk) 3000 cGefiJ; eif.rD.0dGKef; (ausmufwefS) 100
t*F g.rsKdSpGKrf.zHk.,dk vdkwdGKifSpGKrf.jzmS az.uaoem. rdGK;jzL (ausmufwefS) 300 o#if.zmcGefjrarmif o#if.rdGK;azgif
&Grf;wJif &GOfjcH=omxdOfudkodpf emcSjySxdyf&Grf/ rdGK;aqGydk cGefaomrwf([dkyHkS) 1000 (ausmufwefS) 100
usm&GefecGOfSwzlS/ cavmiforf/ befaumuf/ cGefarmifi,f eif.pHS (ausmufwefS) 200 cGefo#if.ndk eif.rD.tGef. (ausmufwefS) 100
rGL;eDSweifSaEG.(20=2=2011)Am.aeif./ eDoGOf;oD; jzm;armif. eif.cifOD; (awmif.eD.) 100 pdkif;awmif eif.a&$0g (ausmufwefS) 100
ytdk0f.rJuf*odOf;pdGKS,dk tGOfigwGrf. ap.wem. cGefxGef;wif eif.[GrfzsL.(vG,f0dkSwkuf) 50 cGefxGef;at; (vHk;0g;) 200
rmSukodkvf./ eDytdk0f.a'ghS&DwdGKif.yif./ xGm;nDS0ifS cGefcGOf. eif.tHkar (awmif.eD.) 100 cGefodefS eif.cGdKef (oD.oJif.) 200
"mwfyGHK.yG,fS a0ifSbefaumufudk EJlif;,dkoGL? cGefcspfatmif eif.rjyHK; (vG,fyGwfS) 100 cGefaAGmuf (oD.oJif.) 20
cGefay. eif.rD.oGrf (ausmufwefS) 100 cGefxGpfS eif.rat; ([dkyHk;) 50
a&.&G , f . csuf cGefoGifS eif.rD.ylS (awmif.eD.) 50 cGefqmqGefS eif.rD.AJh (oD.oJif.) 60
cGefzdk;om; eif.iJwdefS (ausmufwefS) 100 cGefAm.qJhS (ausmufwefS) 300
1? wdGK.tHkxJkif.crf; eDytdk0f.&[efSoHCm.,dk wGrf.
eif.cHSoGOfS (awmif.eD.) 100 cGefatmifausmf eif.cHS,Gef;
ap.wem. tD.vl.Am.oGL?
cGefarmif.uGH eif.cHSA,f. (aemifvH) 100 (armufa0gufS) 200
2? bm.om.a&S/ ynm.a&S/ jcd G K if . oef S a&S/ cGefxGef;v eif.cHSzD. ([dkyHkS) 100 cGefyef;atmif (ausmufwvHk;) 320
avG m if . Al . wd k S wuf a &SA[k o k w zH k . ,d k tD . ao eif.cHSa&$ (awmif.eD.) 100 cGefjzL eif.rD.vGOfS (ausmufwefS) 100
Am.oGL? cGefarmif.csif; 100 cGeftdEdN (aemifvufS) 200
3? xlSqefSc&m. ytd0k .f &Jik Sf wodKG ;rkSwGr.f tHt k 0f.rkS cGefatmifa&$ eif.rD.rl. (yGHK.acsmif) 100 cGefnmS eif.,def; (awmif.eD.) 100
tac.tae. "mwfyGHK.zHk.,dk tD.xD.Am.oGL? cGefausmfrdk; (a[G;wJuf) 100 rJho#if.EGJ (ausmufwefS) 100
cGefarmif.Esm. eif.&GOftdwf (,kwfxifS) 100 cGefarmiftHk; eif.tHk;&D (aemif,mqJkifS) 300
yG , f S xG m atmif . rsif . a&Saum.rwD . pd G K S eif.Ek&D ([dkyHk;) 100 cGef0if;armif eif.rwkwf ([dkyHk;) 100
aAG.ynmeEN(ausmufwJif.)/08 7542 9219 eif.csKd&D ([dkyHk;) 100 cGefodef; eif.cHSrl. (aemif[dGKS) 500
aAG.Xdw"rR (a[G;oSa&myf)/ 08 7053 6349 cGef,Gef; eif.pefS ([dkyHk;) 500 cGefxGef;[ef eif.qm.a&mif. (aemifumS) 100
cGefzD;'rf eif.jrpdef ([dkyHk;) 100 cGefarmif-udKwf (yifSwcGg;) 200
cGefaomrwfpf([dkyHkS)/ 08 1087 1535
cGefarmif. (qifwGL;) 100 o#if.zmcGefarmif.ay. o#if.rdGK;EGJ
cGefxl;atmif(rdGKifSyGOf)/ 08 1668 4027
cGefcspfav; (qifwGL;) 100 (ausmufwefS) 200
cGefarmif.crf;(xDacghS)=08 9454 7589 cGefvdef. (qifwGL;) 100 cGefausmfaqG eif.rDcif (ausmufwefS) 670
rdGK;jzL (ausmufwefS) 08 9496 8923 cGefvHk; (ausmufwefS) 500 cGefrif;OD; eif.rDi,f (ausmufwefS) 720
az.tm.ul . nD ; om;pd G K S cGefxGef;v eif;aAGmifvGOf; (ausmufwefS) 100 cGefxGufausmf. eif.rDi,f (ausmufwefS) 300
1? ytdk0f.rJuf*odOf;pdGKS/ cGefausmf[def; (ausmufwefS) 100 o#if.zm xGef;vJifS o#if.rdGK;qdGKufS
2? csKdpGL ytdk0f.pdGKS/ cGeftHk;az eif.rD.csKd (yGHK.acsmif) 100 (ausmufwefS) 100
3? ytdk0f.ay.vdkS,GJ;pdGKS cGefoef;ausmf eif.rD; (ausmufwefS) 100 cGefwD; (ausmufwefS) 100
4/ ytdk0f.xmSrmSom;pdGKS/ eif.rD.atmif. (ausmufwefS) 200 eif.pdef.OD; (orfylS) 500
5? ynm.a&SwGrf. wdkSwufxif.xdka&StpdGKSzHk.e0fS cGefaZmfOD; eif.rD.aqG ([dkyHkS) 500 eif.iJ.axG;pDS (rdGKifyGOf) 100
oGL? cGef,Hk eif.rwf ([dkyHkS) 200 eif.reJay. (rdGKifyGOf) 100
xGufaum.v rdGK;EGJ (awmif.eD.) 100 cGefrsarmif eif.-um;aoG (rdGKifyGOf) 500
cGefausmfae eif.rapm (ausmufwefS) 100
22 ytdk0f.rJuf*odOf;
pa-oh communication ytdk0f.rJuf*odOf; trJkif(17)
http://www.khunpaoh.com &ufcdGKS aAG. cGef eifS vdkSpGKrf.pdGKS ul.nD.&GOf

http://www.taunggyitime.blogspot.com
http://www.paopeople.info

http://paowomensunion.wordpress.com
http://www.paokham.com
http://www.paomagazine08.blogspot.com
http://www.paohrefugee.co.cc aAG.ynmeEN 500
(r[mplvmSvHkSauGmefSoH.Cm.wuUodkvf.)
http://bwarsara.blogspot.com aAG.paENmbmom(cGeaf ysm.nmS)
ytdk0f.ausmifSaemifcHS/ a0ifS*def.rJkif; 500
http://www.pa.oh-newdaw.blogspot.com cGefausmfaxG; (vG,fyGwfS=oD.oJif.) 200
cGeftHk;az(xrf;bk&mS=yHkSt,f.) 100
cGefxGef; (vG,fyGwfS=arG;awm.) 100
tifwmeJuf-ytdk0f.vdwfrJhig 2011 cGefarG; eif.atsm. (xJkif.crf;) 1000

21 &smSAl.udk eDytd0k .f vdSk rsKSd ud, k kd

vdSk uoGKH SaEGmifS (ucGKrfq;kd aEGmifS)'g. xJuaf emavm*sD (pufrek ,f.ynm.e,f.jcmudek 0fS)
rdO.f a'gSh Am.wJh t0f.aqhSig.ae'GKef;oGL?
eDoGOf;oD; uaoxGS'g. tdOfwmeufvdwfrJhig,dk &GrfpkxGL axjcJKif;az.Am.EJlif;,dkoGL?
eDytdk0f.ay.zHk. uwJrf;ax'sm. tdOfwmeJuf vdwfrJhigzHk.aem0fS awmif.uDSwJif./ AGmoS&m./
cG e f y td k 0 f . / ytd k 0 f . crf ; / ytd k 0 f . oD G . / ytd k 0 f . &D ; zsLSpD S / ytd k 0 f . rl . pd G K S/ ytd k 0 f . ay.vd k S ,G J p d G K S/
ytdk0f.yDayGgStdOfazg. ytdk0f. rJuf*odOf;/ ytdk0f.a&mif./ tm.&k%f.wom pwJif,dk a0GSoD;
uwJr;f aomhS'sm. tausmifSc&m. zH.k aem0fS ytd0k .f owifS/ crf;&ifSom;owifS/ owifSxlS/ xmS,l.
xmSxD./ xGKH SpH.a,ef.iJ.a&S/ ytd0k .f orJiSf / vdwaf jzhSvD/ "mwfyKHG ./ pdKG ;cdKG SrGL;eDSorJiSf / ytd0k .f vdSk rsKSd
wGr.f aig0;f iGg/ wqDev D myG,Sf pJO.f / pDSyGmSa&S/ ytd0k .f &Jik Sf wodKG ;rkS/ aysm.oGi.f [0fig. cdKG Sytd0k .f &yf&m./
awm.vefSa&SoS"mwf/ ytd0k .f Zmwf wG,Sf apmif.zH.k / aig0;f ocsiSf / ynm.a&S tcGiSf ta&S/ obm0
taomifSt&ifS/ vdwrf wfwefS/ tm;upm;/ umwGe;f (xmSw,dKG @S) ytd0k .f aig0;f ocsiSf trfyo D /HG eD ytdk0f.rJuf*odOf; vdwfapmif.,dk
trfyv D pfS/ AD'G , D pkd wJizf .kH oS0if.pmSc&m.[0farG;pGKrf.jzmSwGuw f m. EJil ;f ,do k LG ? az.uxGmatmif.rsif.aEGmifStwGuf
aem0fSxGLwum.w0f; uaxzdv k OJ ;f 'sm. (wJr;f ref;/ wJr;f ytd0k .f / wJr;f t*Fvyd )f vdwaf pmif. oS&ufpKGd .cdKG SwGr.f
trsKSd rsKSd zH.k ,dx k mG ;xl.vStdKG ; awmif.uDSwJiSf wGr.f ytd0k .f crf; tifwmeufvw d rf ihJ guokd LG aAG.-o? oS&ufvw d vf ikJ Sf taAGwAm.wJif
tdOfwmeuf vdwfrJhigu&dkSaem0fS rdOfSa'ghSAm.wJh rmSwdkSwuftD vdkSrsKdSpdGK;cdGKSwm./ uaz.tm.'g.zl;a0;rdKG ;zm oGSzuftmzH.k
az.0ifSuaoeDytdkf0f./ az.0ifSuxD.eDtac.tae./ az.0ifS(wGrf.eDcsifS),HupGJ.urf;aEGmifScsm um.ut0f. auSZlSwif.ig.oGL?
eDytd0k .f / tdOw f meufe0fS rdO.f a'gSh Am.wJh jcdKG if.oefSa&S/ eJi.f iH.a&S/ pDSyGmSa&S/ (e,fSynm.zH.k wJeh 0fS e0fSrS uul.nD.'g.&GOo f m;zH;k
vd.k wdKG iSf vS txGLtoGwSf wtJOaf xm0f;e0fS 0ifS[JSh tdOw f meuf ynm.a&SplcKG rf vufeuf/ (cHSzdKG iSf ) rdOSf rdO.f wygaomhSw0f;vdwaf pmif.udek 0fS
wrsKSd aeaeoGL/ a'ghSavm0f;aEGmifS'sm.
e0fSrS acwfwom acwfwSkd wuf ytd0k .f ay.rl.wGr.f cdzk .kH t0f.vd.k oGOx f .l t0f.vd.k avhvm ytd0k .f rJu*f odO;f vdwaf pmif.
t0f.vd.k tGO.f a&Sig.vJO;f tdOw f meufvw d rf ihJ gtausmifS wJr;f az.aoAm.EJil ;f ,do k LG ? rdO.f xGm;EJik ;f xGmaEGmifSa&StpdGKSxsSwGrf.
zdpbf w k u f w kd ahJ qhSxJi;f w0f;(2000)vdKG e0fSt0f.ao.csmoGL? xl.udKG @SwGr.f (txGLtoGwSf wtJOx f 0f;) rdOf.wdGK.tapmif.ige0fS
tdOw f meuf vdwrf ihJ gwiJ f eDytd0k .f az.uavGmif.Al./ az.uwd.k wuf/ az.u,HxiJ ;f xJi;f e0fS t0f.vd.k eDoOG ;f oD; tD.wJr;f aomhS az.,if;'sm.oGL?
oGKH S'g.'g. tausmifS wJr;f avm0f;e,fAm. EJil ;f ,do k LG ?
// auSZlSwif.ig.aAG.=o ?
rdGK;aAG=ydkcH. (a0ifS[dkyHk.)
PA-OH MAGAZINE 23
 ytdk0f.vdkS,GJ;wGrf.wuUodkvf.ausmifSom;pdGKS/ aumifa&GSvdkSrkSa&S&JkifSwodGK;rkSpdGKSStac.tae.aem0fS [dGKefa[m0foSa&S
xl.*GK%f.az.tm.arG;'sm.oGL? a0GSoD;tpdKG S,dak em0fS vdSk rkSa&SqJiSf &mSwJh pG;J urf;ud/k obm0 taomift&ifS xdeSf xGm;az.tm.a&SzJSh
qJiSf &mSwJh t0f.&Jik Sf wodKG ;wGr.f zl;a0;rdKG ;zm&yfom;oGL? a0GSoD;tpdKG S,dek 0fS oSap.wem.AdKG efvSkd ,G;J pdKG S avGmif.Al.&Jik Sf wodGK;wGr.f a&.rd;k csuf
aem0fS=ndrfScsrfSa&S/ awGmif;w&sm;a&S/ wdk.wufa&S tpGJ;turf;xGm w,f.axmif.womavGS&dkSAm.EJlif;e0fSoGL?

photo by khun kit san

photo by khun kit san

arG;rJOf.rdGKifjyGdKif atm0f.xyfxdGKif crf;&ifSom;vdkSrsKdSpGKrf.owifSwGrf.eDytdk0f.owifSzHk.e0fSEdGK@SxGm;aoGmhS cGefytdk0f./ awmif-uD;wdkif;rfwGrf.ytdk0f.crf; udkaAG.-o?

www.khunpaoh.com
ytdk0f.c&m. xGm;a[mfSwm. www.taunggyitime.blogspot.com
www.paokham.com
24 ytdk0f.rJuf*odOf;