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Ekdifaom tcsufwpfcsufyif jzpfygonf/
urÇmvk;H qkid &f mylaEG;rI (Global Warming)qko d nfrmS ,aeUtcsderf S
aeUcsif; ncsif;jzpfay:vmonfh taMumif;t&if;r[kwfbJ urÇmay:wGif
18&mpk pufrIacwfajymif;awmfvSefa&;rSpí ,aeUacwf ESpfaygif; 200
ausmw f ufvmcJ&h m IPCC (Inter government
f ikd f wjznf;jznf;tyl&eSd jf rihw
Panel on Climate Change) tzGJUrS axmufjycsuft& urÇmBuD;ylaEG;
vmrI\ 90&mcdkifEIef;onf vlom;wkdYaMumifhjzpfaMumif; od&ygonf/
wpfenf;tm;jzihf urÇmay:wGif umAGex f kwv
f kyrf o
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f rl x
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vGepf mG rsm;aeaomaMumifyh if jzpfygonf/ 20&mpkumv rSww f rf;rsm;t&
urÇmBuD;ylaEG;azmufjyefrIrSm xkxnfyrmP ydkrkdBuD;rm;vsuf&SdaMumif;
od&Sd&ygonf/ urÇmay:wGif pufrIxGef;um;rI\ tusKd;quftjzpf urÇmh
avxktwGi;f umAGe'f kdiaf tmufqku d (f CO2) rsm;jym;vmjcif;? urÇmt h kZd ke;f
vTm(Ozone)tm; ysufp;D apaom (Chloro fluoro carbons)CFC rsm;pGm
xkwfvTwfvmjcif;? urÇm\avxkudk oefYpifay;aom opfawm{&d,m
rsm; avsmhenf;qkwf,kwfvmjcif;rsm;onf Global Warming jzpfpOf\
t"duw&m;cH taMumif;w&m;rsm;yif jzpfygonf/
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Gases) zefvkHtdrftmedoif wkd;wufvmrItaMumif; avhvmod&Sd&yg
onf/ urÇmh&moDOwkajymif;vJrI (Climate Change) tm; ½lyaA'
ynm&yfqkdif&m tcsuftvufrsm;udktajccHNyD; ynm&Sifrsm;u &mpkESpf
tvdkuf rSwfwrf;rsm;jyKvkyfNyD; avhvmcJhMuygonf/ urÇmhzefvkHtdrf
tmedoifwkd;wufrsm;jym;vmrIaMumifh ouú&mZf 1990ESihf 2100twGif;
1'or1'D*&Dzm&if[dkufrS 6'or4'D*&Dzm&if[dkuftxd urÇmhtylcsdef
(Global Temperature) jrihfwufvmvsuf&SdaMumif; urÇmhodyÜHynm&Sif
rsm;u avhvmcefUrSef;xm;Muygonf/ ,aeUacwfwGif odyÜHynmESihf
uGeyf sLwmynmrsm; wk;d wufvmonfeh nf;wl urÇmyh wf0ef;usif avxkEiS fh
ork'´&mrsm;udk (Model)ykHpHi,frsm; wnfaqmufvsuf urÇmhzefvkHtdrf
yrmPwkd;jr§ifhrItm; avhvmwGufcsufaeaMumif; od&Sd&ygonf/
,if;obm0 zefvkHtdrftmedoifonf urÇmay:odkY aerSxkwfvTwfvkduf
aom aea&mifjcnfrS tylcsdefudkpkyf,lNyD; urÇmBuD;udk ylaEG;apygonf/
vGefcJhonfhESpf 250cefUu urÇmay:&Sd ½kyf<uif;avmifpmrsm; rD;½IdUjcif;?
rD;awmifrsm;aygufuGJjcif;? opfawmrsm; ckwfxGifjcif;wkdYonf urÇmay:
wGif zefvkHtdrf"mwfaiGUrsm;(Green House Gases)rsm;jym;pGm xkwfvTwf
apcJhygonf/ urÇmBuD;ylaEG;apjcif;\ t"du zefvkHtdrf"mwfaiGUrsm;rSm
umAGef'dkifatmufqkduf(CO2)? rDodef; (CH4 )? Ekdufx½dk*sif atmufqkduf
rsm;(NO, N2O, NO2)? uvdk½dkzvl½dkumAGef (CFC) ESifh a&cdk;a&aiGU
(H2O) wkdY jzpfygonf/ zefvHktdrf"mwfaiGUtcsKdUonf avxkxJwGif
&uftenf;i,fom wnf&SdEdkifNyD; tcsKdUrSmrl q,fpkESpf? &mpkESpfESifhcsDí
Mum&SnfEdkifygonf/ ,aeYxkwfvTwfaom zefvHktdrf"mwfaiGUonf
tem*wf &moDOwkajymif;vJrIudk jzpfapEdkifygonf/ 18 &mpkrS ,aeU
txd urÇmhtylcsdefudk EdIif;,SOfMunfhygu 0 'or75 'D*&DpifwD*&dwf
ydkwdk;vmaMumif;ESifh 1960 jynhfESpfrS 2002 ckESpftMum; ESpf40ausmf
umAGefxkwfvkyfrIrSm oHk;qydkrsm;vmaMumif; avhvmod&Sd&ygonf/
urÇmhrdk;av0oESifh tylcsdefrSwfwrf;rsm;t& 1990 jynfhESpfESifh
2006ckESpftMum; urÇmhtylcsdeftjrifhqHk;ESpfrsm;tjzpf avhvmod&Sd&NyD;
2005 ckESpfonf urÇmhtylqHk;ESpfwpfESpfjzpfaMumif; rSwfwrf;rsm;t&
od&Sd&ygonf/ 2010 jynhfESpfü urÇmhtylcsdefonf 1'or9'D*&D pifwD
*&dwfrS 5 'or 8 'D*&DpifwD*&dwftxd wdk;wufvmrnfjzpfaMumif;
urÇmhodyÜHynm&Sifrsm;u cefYrSef;wGufcsufxm;aMumif; od&Sd&ygonf/
2007 ckESpf\ &moDOwkajymif;vJjcif;rsm;pdefac:rIESifh ywfoufí 0if½dk;
pGef;a'orsm;tay: Ncdrf;ajcmufrIrsm;udk tav;xm;NyD; a&cJawmifrsm;
wnfwahH &; xdyw f ef;OD;pm;ay; (Melting Ice: A hot topic) acgif;pOfjzifh
urÇmyh wf0ef;usifaeYtcrf;tem;tm; jyKvkycf o hJ nfeh nf;wl ,aeY 0if½kd;pGe;f
,aeUurÇmay:wGif ukrÜPDrsm;? NrdK BU uD;rsm;? tzGJYtpnf;rsm;ESifU EdkifiHrsm;tm;vkH;onf
zefvkHtdrf"mwfaiG UxkwfvkyfrI vkH;0r&SdonfU tajctaeudk&&Sdap&ef enf;AsL[mrsm; avUvmcsrSwf
vkyaf qmifaeMuaMumif; od&&dS ygonf (Zero Emission Business)/ 2008 ckEpS f azazmf0g&v
wGif pwifaqmif&GufcJhonfU UNEP Climate Natural Network (CN Net) tm; Green
Economy odk U ajymif;vJonfUenf;vrf;udk tpdk;&trsm;pkrS pkpnf;vkyfaqmifEdkif&ef tmPmtyfESif;
xm;aMumif; od&Sd&ygonf/
a'orsm;&Sd a&cJjyifrsm;onf wpfaeYxufwpfaeY t&nfaysmfrIrsm;
rsm;jym;vsuf&SdaMumif; avhvmod&Sd&ygonf/ urÇmay:&Sd tmwdwfESifh
tEÅmwdwf0if½dk;pGef;a'orsm;\ wjznf;jznf;ysrf;rQ tylcsdefjrifhwufvm
rIaMumifh a&cJjyifrsm; t&nfaysmfvsuf&SdaMumif; od&Sd&ygonf/ tmwdwf
a'o&Sd a&cJjyifrsm;onf ajrmuf0if½kd;pGef;tm; ESpfoef;aygif;rsm;pGm
a&cJzkH;vTrf;vsuf&Sd&mrS urÇmBuD;ylaEG;vmrIaMumifh wjznf;jznf; t&nf
rsm;aysmf&mvGefcJhonfhoHk;&mpkESpfcefYrSpí15&mcdkifEIef;rS&mcdkifEIef; 20txd
avsmhuscJhaMumif; avhvmod&Sd&ygonf/ tvm;wlyif urÇmhawmif0if
½dk;pGef;&Sd tEÅmwdwfa'owGifvnf; 1950 jynfhESpfrS 2000 jynfhESpftxd
ysrf;rQtylcsdef 2 'or 5 'D*&DpifwD*&dwf wdk;vmNyD; a&cJjrpfrsm;rSm
87&mcdkifEIef;cefY wjznf;jznf; avsmhenf;qkwf,kwfvsuf&SdaMumif;
avhvmod&Sd&ygonf/
xdkodkY urÇmajrBuD;\ tylcsdefwdk;vmrIaMumifh a&cJzkH;vTrf;aom
a'orsm; wjznf;jznf;avsmhenf;vmNyD; urÇmhyifv,fa&rsufESmjyifonf
2100jynfhESpfü 0 'or 36 ayrS 2'or 5aytxd wufvmEdkifaMumif;?
¤if;&moDOwkajymif;vJrItay: tajccHNyD; tyifESifh wd& pämefrsdK;pdwfaygif;
1103teuf 18&mcdkifEIef;rS 35&mckdifEIef;(rsdK;pdwf 200 rS 400 eD;yg;)
txd aysmufqHk;oGm;EdkifaMumif; IPCC tzGJUrS cefYrSef;xm;ygonf/ urÇmh
yifv,f a&rsufEmS jyifwkd;jrifv h mjcif;onf urÇmu h rf;½dk;wef;a'o vlt Y zGUJ
tpnf;rsm;\ tusdK;tm; rsm;pGmqkwf,kwfvmEdkifygonf/ 4if;tjyif
urÇmhavxktwGif;odkY zefvHktdrf"mwfaiGUjzpfaom umAGef'dkifatmufqdkuf
(CO2) xkwv f wT rf \
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rIaMumifhjzpfaMumif;ESifh urÇmhopfawmrsm; jyKef;wD;rIaMumifh umAGefxkwf
vkyfrIonf wpfurÇmvHk;twdkif;twmt& 'kwd,ae&mwGif &SdaeaMumif;
IPCC \ qef;ppfcsuf tpD&ifcHpmwGif azmfjyxm;aMumif; od&Sd&onf/
xdktY jyif urÇmBuD;wdk;wufajymif;vJraI y:rlwnfí pGr;f tifxkwv f kyf
toHk;csrIrsm;wGif tpm;xdk;pGrf;tifrsm;udk toHk;jyK&mü EsLuvD;,m;
pGrf;tif? aea&mifjcnfpGrf;tif? avpGrf;tif? ZD0pGrf;tif? aepGrf;tifrsm;ESifh
yifv,f'Da&rSxkwf,laom pGrf;tifrsm;udk tusdK;&SdpGm toHk;csjcif;onf
(Low Carbon Economy)tm; rsm;pGmtaxmuftyHh jzpfaeygonf/
,aeYurÇmBuD;taejzifh urÇmhywf0ef;usifaeYtjzpf owfrSwfusif;y&ef
twGuf ukvor*¾nv D mcHwiG f urÇmEh kdiif rH sm; awGUqHkpnf;a0; qHk;jzwfcMhJ u
ygonf/ 1972 ckEpS u f pí ESppf Of ZGev f 5 &ufaeYukd ]]urÇmyh wf0ef;usif
aeY}}tjzpf pwifusif;ycJhMuygonf/ xdkESpfrSmyif ukvor*¾ywf0ef;usif
xdef;odrf;a&;tpDtpOf (United Nations Environment Programme)
UNEP udk zGUJ pnf;cJy h gonf/ urÇmEh kdiif rH sm;wGif ESppf Of ZGev f 5&ufaeYtm;
urÇmhywf0ef;usifaeYtjzpf usif;ycJhovdk UNEP uBuD;rª;í urÇmhtqifh
tcrf;tem;rsm;udkvnf; urÇmay:&Sd EdkifiHwpfEdkifiHwGif a&G;cs,fusif;yavh
&Sdonf/
UNEP onf umAGefxkwfvkyfrI avsmhenf;onfh vlYtzGJUtpnf;
ajymif;vJa&;? &moDOwktumtuG,fay;onfh pGrf;aqmifrIrsm;tm;
taxmuftyHhay;a&;? &moDOwkajymif;vJrIqdkif&m odyÜHynmrsm;tm;
em;vnfwwfuRrf;vmapa&;ESifh &moDOwkajymif;vJrIaMumifh urÇmBuD;
tay: Ncdrf;ajcmufpdefac:rIrsm;tm; jynfolvlxktwGif; todynm
Edk;Mum; xufoefvmapa&;wdkYtwGuf vG,fulacsmarmap&ef aqmif&Guf
ay;vsuf&Sdygonf/ ,aeYtcsdeftcgwGif UNEP \ u@cGJ&Sd pDrHudef;
trsdK;rsdK;rS vlYtzGJUtpnf;ESifh a*[pepftay: &moDOwkajymif;vJjcif;
aMumifh tusdK;oufa&mufrIrsm;udk wifjyay;vsuf&Sdygonf/ xdkYtjyif
tpdk;&rsm;ESifh yk*¾vduu@rsm;twGuf zefvHktdrf"mwfaiGUxkwfvTwfrIrsm;
avQmhcsa&;twGuf ulnDaqmif&Gufay;½Hkomru &moDOwkajymif;vJrI
aMumifh wHkjY yeftusdK;oufa&mufrEI iS hf ywfoufNyD; tMuHÓPfrsm; ay;vsuf
&Sdygonf/
,ckESpf 2009 ckESpftwGuf urÇmhywf0ef;usifxdef;odrf;a&;aeU
aqmifyk'frSm " Your Planet Needs You-Unite to Combat Climate
Change" Owk&moDwnfNidrfa&;? oifvnf;yg0ifvIyf&Sm;ay; jzpfyg
onf/ xdkaqmifyk'ft& urÇmh&moDOwkwnfNidrfa&;twGuf rdrdtygt0if
urÇmhvlom;wdkif;wGif wm0ef&Sdaeygonf/ urÇmay:wGif tpdk;&rsm; tae
jzifh vnf;aumif;? a'otvdkuf NrdKUBuD;rsm;taejzifv h nf;aumif;? vkyif ef;
&SifBuD;rsm;taejzifhvnf;aumif;? tzGJUvdkufESifh wpfOD;csif;taejzifhvnf;
aumif; umAGef'dkifatmufqdkuf"mwfaiGU (CO2)xkwfvkyfrIavQmhcsEdkifonfh
enf;vrf;rsm;pGm&SdaMumif; od&Sd&ygonf/ Oyrmtm;jzifh pGrf;tif xkwfvkyf
olrsm;?armfawmf,mOfxkwfvkyfolrsm;ESifh av,mOfxkwfvkyfolrsm;taeESifh
D rlBudKtqifhtxd ywf0ef;usifxdef;odrf;a&;ynmay;pmapmifrsm; jzefYa0
3-6-2009
wuúokdvf wifvusfm
urÇmBuD;pdrf;vef;pdkjynfapa&;twGuf taxmuftyHhrsm;udk yHhydk;ay;cJh
vQif umAGef'dkifatmufqdkuf (CO2) xkwfvkyfrIavQmhEdkiforQ ydkrdkavQmhcs
Edkifrnf jzpfygonf/
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EdkifiHrsm;tm;vkH;onf zefvkHtdrf"mwfaiGUxkwfvkyfrI vkH;0r&Sdonfh tajc
taeudk&&Sdap&ef enf;AsL[mrsm;avhvmcsrSwfvkyfaqmifaeMuaMumif;
od&Sd&ygonf (Zero Emission Business)/ 2008 ckESpf azazmf0g&Dv
wGif pwifaqmif&GufcJhonfh UNEP Climate Natural Network (CN
Net) tm; Green Economy odkU ajymif;vJonfeh nf;vrf;udk tpdk;&trsm;pk
rS pkpnf;vkyfaqmifEdkif&ef tmPmtyfESif;xm;aMumif; od&Sd&ygonf/
tdrf? ½kH;ESifhc&D;oGm;aepOftwGif; umAGefavQmhcsEdkifrnfh Life Style
a&G;cs,fvkyfaqmif&rnfhenf;vrf;rsm;rSm atmufygtwdkif;jzpfygonf-
- vQyfppfem&DEdI;pufudktokH;jyKrnfhtpm; oHywfay;EdI;pufem&Dudk
tokH;jyKjcif;jzifh wpfaeUudk umAGef'dkifatmufqdkuf(CO2)
xkwfvkyfrI 48*&rfudk avsmhenf;apEdkifygonf/
- aeUpOft0wfrsm;tm; t0wfavQmfpufjzifh tajcmufcHonfxuf
orm;½dk;ustwdki;f vSe;f í tajcmufcyH gu umAGe2f 'or 3 uDvkd
*&rfudk avQmhcsEdkifygrnf/
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f H ok;H pGrJ nft f t
H m; tok;H jyK
jcif;jzifh umAGe'f kdiaf tmufqkduf (CO2 )xkwv f kyrf I 48 gm avsmhyg;
oufomapEdkifygonf/
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Toaster ud k tok H ; jyKygu umAG e f ' d k i f a tmuf q d k u f ( CO2 )
xkwfvTwfrI 170 gm eD;yg; oufomapEdkifygonf/
- 60 Watt rD;vkH;xGef;ae&mrS pGrf;tifacRwmaom (LED)rD;vkH;uJh
odkUaom rD;vkH;rsm;udk tokH;jyKjcif;jzifh Green House Gas
xkwfvkyfrIav;q avsmhenf;apEdkifygonf/
- 8 km a0;vHaom½kH;okdU aeYpOfoGm;&mwGif armfawmfum;tpm;
&xm;ukd tokH;jyKjcif;jzifh umAGef'kdifatmufqkduf (CO2 ) xkwf
vTwfrI 1.7Kgm oufomapEkdifygonf/
- oif\ uGefysLwmtm; aeUv,fpmpm;csdefESifh tvkyfjyD;csdefwkdUwGif
ydwfxm;ygu 4if;uGefysLwmrS xkwfvTwfaom umAGef'dkifatmuf
qkduf (CO2 ) \ okH;ykHwpfykHukd avsmhenf;apEkdifygonf/
- (Water Saving Shower Head) a&acRwmaom a&yku d af cgif;rsm;
tokH;jyKjcif;jzifh wpfrdepfwGif a& 10vDwm acRwmEkdifonf
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(CO2 ) xkwfvTwfrI wpf0ufoufomapEkdifygonf/
- av,mOfc&D;onfrsm;taeESifh 20kg atmufavsmhjyD; 0efpnf
pv,frsm; o,faqmifygu GHG "mwfaiGUxkwfvTwfrI 20kg
avsmhenf;aponfomru wpfESpftwGif; umAGef'kdifatmufqkduf
(CO2 ) xkwfvTwfrI wef 2 oef;cefU avsmhenf;apEkdifygonf/
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tm; jynfe,fESifhwdkif;rsm;tvdkuf jynfe,f? wkdif;ESihfc½dkif? NrdKUe,f
tqifq h ifh ywf0ef;usifxed ;f odr;f a&; tzGUJ i,frsm;zGUJ pnf;í ywf0ef;usif
xdef;odrf;a&;ynmay;vkyfief;rsm;tm; aqmif&Gufapvsuf&SdNyD; xdkodkY
aqmif&Guf&mwGif ywf0ef;usifxdef;odrf;a&;ESifh oufqkdifaom v,f,m
pdkufysKd;a&;ESihf qnfajrmif;0efBuD;Xme? jynfxJa&;0efBuD;Xme? trSwf(1)
vQyfppfpGrf;tm;0efBuD;Xme? [kdw,fESihf c&D;oGm;vma&;vkyfief;0efBuD;
Xme? jyefMum;a&;0efBuD;Xme? e,fpyfa'oESihf wkdif;&if;om; vlrsKd;rsm;
zHGUNzdK;wkd;wufa&;ESifh pnfyifom,ma&;0efBuD;Xme? ydkYaqmifa&;0efBuD;
XmewdkYrS 'kwd,0efBuD;rsm;onf tzGJUacgif;aqmifrsm;tjzpf wm0ef,lí
jynfe,f? wkdif;ESifhc½dkif? NrdKUe,f? &yfuGuf? aus;&Gm? atmufajctqihfxd
ynmay;pnf;½kH;a&;vkyfief;rsm;tm; tqifhqifh aqmif&Gufvsuf&Sdonf/
ed*Hk;csKyftaejzifh urÇmh&moDOwkwnfNidrfa&;twGuf EkdifiHtvdkuf?
a'otvkduf? NrdKUBuD;rsm;? NrdKUi,frsm;? aus;&Gmtkyfpkrsm;&Sd pmMunfhwkduf
rsm;? wuúodkvf? aumvdyf? txufwef;? tv,fwef;? rlvwef;rSonf
ay;oihfonfhenf;wl urÇmay:&Sd vlwdkif;\ aeYpOfaqmif&Gufvsuf&Sd
aom vkyif ef;rsm;wGif umAGe'f kdiaf tmufqku d (f CO2 )avsmhenf;pGm toHk;jyK
xkwfvkyfjcif;twGuf urÇmay:&Sd vlom;wdkif;wGif wm0ef&Sdaeojzifh
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wkdufwGef;a&;om;vkduf&ygonf/ /
3-6-2009 aMu;rHkowif;pm pmrsufESm 7

jyefMum;a&;0efBu;D Xme 0efBu;D Akv

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