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12 uGefysLwm*sme,f
owif;awGu ....... 'Dvdk&Sdw,f H a r d w a r e

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wpfywf&pfuGeyf sLwmaps;uGuftwGuf awmif;qdkvmwJh Windows XP


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awGu ajymvmMuw,f/ tpOftvmtm;jzifh wpfywf&pf yDpDqdkwm
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{jy?D 2009 13
owif;awGu ....... 'Dvdk&Sdw,f S o f t w a r e

Pano Virtual Desktop u urÇmay:rmS yxrqH;k Zero Antivirus app twkawGukd


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14 uGefysLwm*sme,f
{jy?D 2009 15
owif ; awGu ....... 'Dv dk&Sd w ,f I n t e r n e t

yxrqH;k tMurd f crack jzpfomG ;cJw


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16 uGefysLwm*sme,f
owif ; awG u ....... 'D v d k & S d w ,f I n t e r n e t

tdrfwGif;tajctaeudk xdef;csKyfaqmif&Gufay;r,fh Nokia rukefEdkif rcef;Edkif


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{jy?D 2009 17
owif ; awG u ....... 'Dv dk&Sd w ,f D i s p l a y

Smartphone awG&UJ screen udk smartphone ay:rSm oHk;Ekdifatmif w½kwf(wkdifay) &Sd


ITRI (Industrial Technology Research Institude) u
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18 uGefysLwm*sme,f
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{jy?D 2009 21
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Myanmar Computer Company Limited (MCC) \ yg0ifonfh (Junior Management


& Office Staff), (LCCI Bookkeep
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tjynfh&SdwJh t&m0w¬KawGudk scan vkyf ,lwhJ vkyif ef;pOfeYJ aqmif&u G af y;w,f/
,lzdkY tvGefw&m wefzdk;MuD;jrifhwJh 3D uifr&mav;rSm 2 'or 8 vufrt&G,f
Scanners awGudk toHk;jyKcJhMu&w,f/ 230,000 pixels LCD wpfck wyfqifyg
wu,fvdkYrsm; online catalog rSmjzpf &Sdvmw,f/
jzpf? Web-based document rSmjzpf Fuji film taeeJY 8 'or 4 vufr screens av;ckeJY touch-based 3D
jzpf rdru
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f m;wJh image awG t&G,f FinePix Real 3D Photo Frame menus wdkY yg0ifwJh cube-based lay-
udk export vkyfEkdif&if aumif;rSmyJvdkY wpfckudkvnf; qufvufwDxGif xkwf out wpfck yHyh ;kd aqmif&uG af y;xm;w,f/
awG;rdaumif; awG;rdMuygvdrfhr,f/ 'D vkyzf Ykd tpDtpOf&wdS ,fvYkd od&w,f/ 3D Arena taeeJY high-speed HSDPA
twGuf Real-View Corp. u 3D glasses rygbJ oHk;zufjrif ½kyf<u azmf 7.2 data radio wpfc?k GPS wpfce k YJ Wi-
scanning vkyfief;pOfudk jznfhqnf;zdkY ay;r,fh Photo Frame jzpfw,f/ Fi wdYk vnf; yl;wGy J g0ifvmrSm jzpfw,f/
Real-View 3D udk xkwv f yk cf yhJ gw,f/ ,cifu rdkbkdif;vfzkef;awGay:rSm
Stereoscopic uifr&mESpfvHk;yg&SdjyD; 3D Cell Phones rjrifcJhzl;wJh toGiftjyifrsKd;&SdwJh S-
vdtk yfovdk vSnyhf wfay;Ekid w f hJ ud&, d m qJvfzkef;awGeJY ywfoufjyD; ESpf Class UI jzpfw,f/ 3D graphics
vnf;ygw,f/ t&m0w¬Kwpfckudk 360 aygif; tawmfMumuyif xkwv f yk v
f mol tvGefjynfh0jyD; touch sensitivity u
degree HD resolution eJY scan vkyf trsKd;rsKd;? 'DZkdif;trsKd;rsKd;eJY xkwfvkyfvm vnf;aumif;? rmwDrD'D,mpGrf;&nfawG
ay;Ekdifw,f/ pD;yGm;jzpf vkyfukdifEkdifwJh cJMh uwm jzpfw,f/ 'pf*spfw,fuifr&m vnf; &SdaerSmjzpfw,f/ azazmf0g&Dv
tcGifhtvrf;txd &&SdEkdifygw,f/ awG wyfxm;wmwdkY? web access vkyf 16 &ufuae 19 &ufaeYtxd bmpDvdk
Ekid w
f mwdYk? built-in projector xnfx h m; emrS m usif ; ywJ h Mobiles World
3D Digital Cameras wmwdkYeJY touch-screen oHk;xm;wm Congress jyyGJMuD;rS KM 900 Arena
avmavmq,f aps;uGufrSm 3D qdkwmawGu rqef;Mu,foavmuf smartphone udk rdwfqufjyoay;cJh
digital uifr&mqdw
k m a&mufrvmao; jzpf a e&w,f / aemuf w uf v mr,f h w,f/
phase uawmh 3D user interfaces 'Dawmh o&D;'Dqdkwmudk vuf&Sd
tqifhyJ jzpfw,f/ tckawmh LG u ypöKyÜeftajctaeeJY tem*wftvm;
KM 900 Arena smartphone udk 3D tvmawGuMkd unf&h if;xdxad &mufa&muf
S- Class interface xnfhjyD; xkwfvkyf rvGJraoG toHk;jyKcGifh&awmhrSm jzpfyg
awmhr,fvdkY rMumao;cifu aMunm aMumif;/
vk d u f w ,f / Customizable home OD;aomif;0if;(yef;cs,&f )D

36 uGefysLwm*sme,f
NEW PRODUCT
Swell Shells
Apple iMac udk rsufESmzHk;uyfrvm;? cRwfrvm;? csufcsif; aqmif&GufEkdifzdkY
Speck ukrÜPDu See Thru qdkwJh hard shell awG xkwfvkyfvkdufygw,f/ ukd,fxnf
rajymif;vJbJ topfwpfvHk;udk ykdifqkdifoGm;&ovdk cHpm;cGifh &Muygvdrfhr,f/ See Thru
hard shell awGudk iMac awGtwGufomru Sony VAIOS pD;&D;eJY Apple &JU Mac
Books awGtjyif iPods awG twGufvnf; xkwfvkyfay;rSm jzpfw,f/ rdrdykdifwJh
uGefysLwmeJY armfeDwmtygt0if iPod vdk ud&d,mav;awGudk tvSyqHk; wefqmqifEkdif
apr,fhoabm jzpfw,f/ aiGukefaMu;us oufomjyD; toifh wyfqifEkdifatmif pDrHxm;
wmrdkY jzKwf&? wyf& vG,fulygw,f/ Hard shell awG wyfxm;jcif;tm;jzifh ta&mif
taoG; vSyrItjyif extra protective coating vnf; &oGm;apEkdifygw,f/

Slick Suppressor
uGefysLwmeJY uGefysLwmqufET,fypönf;awGtwGufjzpfjzpf? a&'D,dkwdkY hi-fi
pufwdkY? wDAGDwdkYtwGufjzpfjzpf vQyfppfudk oHk;pGJwJhae&mrSm suppressor qdkwJh
xdef;csKyfwJh yifrcHkwpfckawmh toHk;jyKMu&pjrJ jzpfw,f/ 'DtwGuf tvGef vSy
oyf&yf aumif;rGefwJh Green Power Digital Life MDP 900 qdkwJh suppressor
av;udk Monster Cable ukrÜPDu xkwfvkyfay;cJhw,f/ Monster Cable
ukrÜPD&JU tqdkt& vSyaumif;rGef½Hkomru vQyfppfyg0g ,dkzdwfrI uif;pifjyD;
xdxda&mufa&muf xdef;csKyfaqmif&Gufay;EkdifwmrdkY rDwmc ukefusp&dwfvnf;
oufomoGm;apvdrfhr,fvdkY od&w,f/ uGefysLwm toHk;rjyKwJhtcgjzpfjzpf?
&yfem;xm;wJhtcgjzpfjzpf qufET,fud&d,mawGqDudk tvdktavsmuf vQyfppf
jzwfawmufay;oGm;Ekdifw,f/ 'D smart suppressor av;wpfckudk
129 a':vmeJY a&mif;csay;ygw,f/

Budget-upscaling
Denon xkwf DVD -A1UDC udk a':vm 3800 avmufay;jyD; r0,fEkdifolawGtaeeJYvnf; high definition &JU
t&omudk cHpm;cGifh&SdEkdifygao;w,fvdkY Toshiba u tcGifhtvrf;wpfck ay;vmygw,f/ 99 a':vmeJYa&mif;cswJh
Toshiba XD -E 500 u rdrdrSm&SdwJh 'DAD'DeJY ½kyf&SifawGudk HDTV eJYwGJzufjyD; high-definition t&nftaoG;udk jr§ifhwif
aqmif&Gufay;r,fh pufud&d,mjzpfw,f/ AD'D,dk content awGudk 720 p eJYjzpfjzpf?
1080 p resolution eJYjzpfjzpf ½kyfoHt&nftaoG;awGudk wifquf
ay;ygvdrfhr,f/ XD- E 500 u jr§ifhwifaqmif&GufjyD; yHkpHajymif;vJ
ay;vkdufwJhtcg delux Blu-ray player MuD;wpfckeJY Munfhae&wJh
tvm; cHpm;cGifh &oGm;Ekdifapygw,f/

40 uGefysLwm*sme,f
Newproduct
The Ultimate Blu-ray
wpfESpfwm high-definition -format ppfyGJqifETJcJh&mrSm Blu-ray u
tompD; &oGm;cJhw,f/ 0,f,l toHk;jyKolawGtaeeJY high-def
DVD player qdk&if Blu-ray udkom a&G;cs,f 0,f,ljcif;jzifh tqif
ajyajy ausauseyfeyf toHk;jyKEkdifMuw,f/ 'Dae&mrSm HD DVD
format twGuf MudK;pm;cJhwJh xkwfvkyfolawGeJY HD DVD 0,f,l toHk;jyKoltaeeJYawmh pdwfvufrtDrom jzpfMu&w,f/
Blu-ray xkwfvkyfolawGxJrSmvnf; emrnfMuD; Denon u atmifvHxlEkdifcJhw,f/ ½kyf&SifMunfh y&dowftwGuf Denon
u DVD -A1UDC1 udk tqHk;pGefaom pGrf;&nfawG&SdwJh Blu-ray pufwpfcktjzpf xkwfvkyfcJhw,f/ BD Live online
content awGudk yHhydk;ay;wJhtjyif DVD-Audio eJY Super Audio CD playerback awGtwGufvnf; yHhydk;
aqmif&Gufay;Ekdifygw,f/ owfrSwfa&mif;aps;u 3800 a':vmjzpfw,f/

HD in your pocket
'DacwfxJrSm AD'D,dkMunfhjyDqdk&if wide-screen eJY high-def u rygrjzpf ygvm&ovdk
Munfh½IcHpm;MuwJhtcgrSmvnf; wide-screen eJY high-def eJYrS [efusyefus &SdMuw,f/
'Dvdk AD'D,dkudk rQa0cHpm;EkdifwJh sites awGvnf; tifwmeufay:rSm wpfyHkwpfyif&Sdw,f/
rdrdu wjcm;vludk rQa0zdkYqdkwmvnf; 'DESpfcsufygrS jynfhpHkygvdrfhr,f/ 'DtwGuf Creative
u aemufqHk;xkwf armf',ftjzpf Vado HD qdkwJh tdwfaqmifcamcorder av;udk 229
a':vmeJYxkwfvkyf a&mif;csvkdufygw,f/ txlu 1 vufrxuf avsmhenf;wmrdkY oyfoyf
&yf&yf csyfcsyf&yf&yf&SdvSw,f/ Wide-screen eJY high-def t&nftaoG;&SdwJh AD'D,dkawGudk
½dkufEdkifzdkY 1280x 720 resolution ay;xm;w,f/ AD'D,dk odkrSD;zdkY 8 GB yrmPtxd &Ekdif
w,f/ tMuD;pm; wDADGjrifuGif;MuD;awGeJY Munfhcsifw,fqdk&if HDMI qufoG,frIeJY
vkyfaqmifay;ygw,f/

Sony VAIO VGC-RT150Y


ajymifajrmufvSwJh performance udk rwefwqaps;eJY 0,f,l&r,fh all-in-one PC vdkY
qdk&ygvdrfhr,f/ oyfoyf&yf&yf vSvSyypwkdifeJY 'DZkdif;jyKvkyfxm;jyD; all-in-one uGefysLwm
trsKd;tpm;awGxJrSm performance taumif;qHk;vdkY ajym&avmufatmif tajctae&Sd
w,f/ 'gayr,fh owfrSwfa&mif;cswJhaps; 3999 a':vm jzpfaeygw,f/ VGC-RT150Y
&JU t&G,ftpm;u 17.3 vufr _26.1 vufr _9.3 vufr&SdjyD; wpfckvHk; teufa&mif
jc,fxm;jyD; wduswJh axmifhawGeJY wnfaqmufxm;w,f/ yg&SdwJh screen &JU t&G,ftpm;
u 25 'or 5 vufrjzpfw,f/ System udk pm;yGJay:rSmwif axmifjyD; toHk;jyKEkdifovdk
VESA mounting bracket eJY eH&HrSm csdwfxm;jyD;vnf; ae&mcsxm; toHk;jyKEkdifw,f/ 2.66
Intel Core 2 Quad Q9400 processor wyfqifay;xm;jyD; 8GB-DDR2 RAM wdkY? 512MB-Nvidia Geforce 9600M
GT graphics wdkYeJY wGJzufxm;ay;w,f/ odkrSD;pepftwGuf 500 GB hard drives oHk;xm;jyD; optical twGuf Blu-ray
burner wpfck yg&Sdw,f/ vnfywfrIpepftwGuf Windows Vista Ultimate (64 bits) udk wifxm;ay;wJhtjyif toHk;cs
aqmhzf0J wpfyHkwpfyifvnf; xnfhay;xm;ygw,f/ System udk video editing vkyfEkdifzdkYvdkY &nfpl;jyD; 'DZkdif;vkyfxm;wm
jzpfwJhtwGuf media feature tjynfhygvmwmudk txl; nTef;zGJYp&mrvdkawmhay/ AD'D,dkxnfhoGif;zdkY (ATSC/NTSC) dual
band TV tuner vnf; yg&Sdw,f/

{jyD? 2009 41
Newproduct
Flip Mino HD
Flash-based digital video camera awGudk xkwfvkyfavh&SdwJh jAdwdefEkdifiHu Flip
ukrÜPDu HD version eJY camcorder udk xkwfvkyfvmwmjzpfw,f/ Flip Mino HD
vdkY trnfay;xm;w,f/ 'DZkdif;toGiftjyifa&m t&nftaoG;yg emrnfMuD; Sony eJY
Toshiba ukrÜPDxkwf flash-based camcorder awGeJY &J&J0Hh0Hh ,SOfjydKifEkdifwJh tae
txm;&Sdw,f/ High-def t&nftaoG;&Sd AD'D,dkawGudk 4GB Solid-State disk (SSD)
wpfckeJY ½dkuful; odkrSD;xm;Ekdifw,f/ yDpDuGefysLwm wpfvHk;eJY USB conncection udk
toHk;csjyD; video files awGudk tul;tajymif;vkyf,lEkdifw,f/ USB port av;udk
tH0SufeJY vkyfxm;wmrdkY zGifhjyD;oHk;&w,f/ Record/play/ pause/zoom eJY delete
cvkwfawGuvnf; toHk;jyK& vG,fulygw,f/ Tripod eJYwifjyD; ½dkuf,lEkdifovdk
½dkuful;xm;csufawGudk wDAGDeJY wkduf½dkufqufoG,f Munfh½IEkdifygw,f/

HP TouchSmart tx2
omreftqifh0if run-of-the-mill tablet r[kwfbJ xl; xl;jcm;jcm; cGJxGufvmwJh
'DZkdif;eJYconvertable taptop wpfrsKd; udk HP ukrÜPDu HP Touch Smart tx2
armf',feJY xkwfvkyf vmwmjzpfw,f/ Multitouch pGrf;aqmif&nfawG xnfhay;
vkdufw,f/ Screen wpfavQmufudk vufacsmif;av;eJYxdyGwf &if; menu awGudk
vdktyfovdk nTefMum;aqmif&Guf,lEkdifw,f/ vufreJY vufnd§K;zdn§pf&if zoom-in/
zoom-out vkyf,lEkdif w,f/ "mwfyHkt,fvfbrfvdk wpfckcsif; vSefavSmMunfh&wmrsKd;
udkvnf; vufnd§K;eJYwpfckvSefavSmMunfhEkdifwJh yHkpH&Sdw,f/
vufacsmif;eJYrvkyfvdkvQifvnf; digital pen eJY vkyfukdifaqmif &GufcGifh
ay;xm;jyefygao;w,f/ tx 2 rSm 12 vufrt&G,f Bright View LED display
yg0ifjyD; 2.2 GHz Turion processor eJY vnfywfaqmif&Gufapw,f/ 250 GB hard
disk eJY 4GB RAM ygwJhtjyif dual-layer DVD writer vnf; xnfhay;xm;ygw,f/

Flat out
La Cie qdkwJh trSwfwHqdyfudk awGYvkdufwmeJY ½dk;&Sif;vSywJh 'DZkdif;av;awGeJY
qufET,fypönf;awG xkwfvkyfwJhukrÜPDvdkY vlwkdif;avmufeD;eD; odMujyD;
jzpfw,f/ tckwpfcga&mifpHk Flat-Cables av;awGudk xkwfvkyfvmjyefyg
w,f/ External Serial ATA (eSATA) MudK;awG? USB MudK;awGeJY
FireWire MudK;awG udk MudK;jym;yHkpH'DZkdif;eJY xkwfvkyfwmjzpfw,f/
oyfoyf&yf&yf &SdvSovdk aysmhaysmh aysmif;aysmif;vnf; &Sdygw,f/ ydkjyD;
tmrcHcsuf ay;vmwmuawmh wjcm; cables MudK;awGxuf performance
ydkaumif;wJh tajctaersKd;eJY toHk;jyKcGifh &EkdifwmyJ jzpfw,f/ Cables
MudK;udk jrifvkduf wmeJY bmoHk;wJhMudK;qdkwmudkvnf; csufcsif;uGJuGJjym;jym;
odoGm;apEkdif w,f/ MudK;wpfacsmif;udk 9 'or 9 a':vmeJY
owfrSwfa&mif;csygw,f/

42 uGefysLwm*sme,f
Newproduct
Lenovo IdealPad S10e
Lenovo IdealPad S10e u CEO-backlit 10 vufrt&G,f display eJYtwl
wyfqifxm;wJh "instant-on" tqifh netbook trsKd;tpm;jzpfw,f/ ,cifu
xkwfcJhzl;wJh S9e eJY rsKd;wlyHkpHvdkYvnf; ajymEkdifygw,f/ yg0gcvkwfudk
zGifhvkdufjyD; puúefYykdif;av;eJY tajccH mail-checking wkdY? photo-
browsing wdkYeJY web-surfing awGudk vkyfay;Ekdifw,f/ Processor
intensive application awGjzpfwJh word document awGeJY images awGudk
vnf; ykdifykdifEkdifEkdif pGrf;aqmifay;Ekdifw,f/ Atom processor wyfqifxm;jyD; 1.5 GB RAM eJY armif;ESifay;w,f/
4GB SSD eJYjzpfjzpf? 160 GB eJYjzpfjzpf MudKuf&mudk a&G;cs,f 0,f,lcGifhay;xm;w,f/ vnfywfpepfawGtjzpf XP Home
eJYjzpfjzpf? XP Pro eJYjzpfjzpf? Novell Linux eJYjzpfjzpf vdktyfovdk awmif;qdkEkdifygw,f/ Ethernet eJY Wi-Fi
qufoG,f,lEkdifatmif pDpOfxm;jyD;jzpfayr,fh Bluetooth pepftwGufrl extra optional tjzpf owfrSwfxm;ygw,f/

Vigor Force Recon T7N


Vigor u Force Recon vdkY trnfay;xm;csufeJYtnD tiftm;aumif;aumif;eJY trSef
wu,f jznfhqnf; aqmif&GufEkdifr,fh system udk xkwfvkyfa&mif;cscJhwmjzpfw,f/ Power-
house wpfcktaeeJYvnf; rSwf,lEkdifygvdrfhr,f/ Asus Rampage II Extreme X58
motherboard ay:rSm Intel Core i7 920-3 .6 GHz CPU udk xkdifxm;ay;w,f/ 6 GB
DDR3 system memory eJY Nvidia Gefore GTX 260 cards 3 cktxd oHk;xm;ay;w,f/
Graphics cards awGu 3 way SLI configuration wpfcktwGif;rSm oveclock vnf;
jzpfaeapjyD; vnfywfaqmif&Gufapw,f/ 'ghtjyif RAID Level 0 configuration wpfck
twGif;rSm 10000 rpm EIef;eJY armif;ESif vkyfudkifaqmif&GufwJh 150 GB hard drives 2 ck
rSmvnf; wyfqifxm;w,f/ DVD + RW drive wpfckvnf; yg&Sdao;w,f/ Graphics
card 3 cku wpfckpDrSm 896 MB yrmPpD &SdwmrdkY 3D performance udk ajymifajymifajrmuf
ajrmuf xkwfay;Ekdifw,f/ usefwJht&mawGrSm tqifhjrifhqHk; wifoHk;cJhayr,fh Blu-ray drive
xnfhay;wmudkawmh axmufjyp&m jzpfaeapygw,f/ armfeDwm? uD;bkwfeJY armufpfryg
system oufouf 3099 a':vmeJY a&mif;csygw,f/ qufoG,faqmif&GufEkdifr,fh ports
aygif;pHk wyfqifyg&SdvmrSmjzpfw,f/

Yoggie HyPC
Removable Express Card wpfckeJY xnfhay;wJhyHkpHrsKd;eJY toHk;cs&wmjzpfwJhtwGuf
HyPC udk portable computer vdkY ac:qdkEkdifygvdrfhr,f/ Laptop xJudk
avsmxnfhoGif;jyD; card xJu toifhoGif;xm;wJh OS eJYtwl oD;jcm;vnfywf vkyfaqmif
apEkdifw,f/ Application awGudkvnf; xnfhxm;jyD; vkyfaqmifp&mrSeforQudk vkyfudkif
aqmif&GufEkdifw,f/ Web browser wpfck oD;jcm;yg&SdjyD; web surfing vkyfEkdifw,f/ 'DtcgrSm
wkdufcdkufvmwJh taESmifht,SufawGudk &ifpnf;cHtm;ay;ovdkjzpfoGm;jyD; laptop udk xdckdufrI
vHk;0 uif;oGm;apw,f/ 'gaMumifh HyPC udk ultra-secure tjzpf owfrSwfEkdifw,f/ uGefysLwm
xJu uGefysLwmwpfvHk;vdkYvnf; ac:qdkEkdifygao;w,f/ Laptop xJrSm odrf;qnf;xm;&SdwJh
sensative data awGtwGuf web attack uae a&Smif&Sm;ay;apw,f/

{jyD? 2009 45
Newproduct
Asus Rampage II Extreme
*drf;vkdif;twGuf topfvGifqHk;xkwfvkyfvkdufwJhmotherboard jzpfw,f/ Overlock
udk tjrifhqkH; xkwfay;w,f/ SLI eJY Crossfire X udk yHhydk; aqmif&Gufay;wJhtjyif
double-width graphics cards oHk;cktxd ukdifwG,fajz&Sif;EkdifpGrf;&Sdw,f/ Intel &JU
X58 chipset ay:rSm wnfaqmufxm;jyD; Socket 1366 Intel Core i7 CPUs awGudk
yhHydk;aqmif&Gufay;w,f/ owfrSwfa&mif;aps;u 399 a':vmjzpfwmrdkY tvGef
aps;MuD;w,fvdkY ajymEkdifygvdrfhr,f/ usoifhwJhaps;EIef;xuf raw speed eJY
configurability udk ydkjyD; tav;xm;olawGtwGuf txl;oifhawmfrSmjzpfw,f/
LED-lit chipset cooler wpfckyg&SdwJhtjyif Ferrari red highlights eJYtwl gun
metal head sinks awGeJY wefqmqifxm;ay;w,f/ aqmhzf0JawG wpfyHkwpfyifvnf;
xnfhay;vkdufrSmjzpfw,f/ Third-graphics card udk PCIe x 8 mode ay:rSm
vnfywfapwmudkawmh tjypfqdkzG,f&m &Sdygvdrfhr,f/

MSI R4670-2D1G/ D3 Graphics Card


ATI Radeon HD 4670 graphics engine eJY wnfaqmufxm;wmjzpfjyD;
bus standard u PCI Express x 16 2.0 jzpfw,f/ 750 MHz Core udk
oHk;xm;jyD; 1 GB DDR3 1746 MHz memory &Sdw,f/ csKdomwJhaps;EIef;eJY
*&yfzpfaps;uGufudk 0ifa&mufvmwmvdkY qdk&ygvdrfhr,f/ HDTV/ HDCP/
HDMI/Dual-link DVI awGudk yHhydk; aqmif&Gufay;w,f/ HD video
output function awGtjzpf Dual-link DVI-1 ESpfck? DVI uae D-Sub
adaptor u wpfqifh VGA udk yHhydk;csufwpfckeJY DVI u HDML adaptor
udk wpfqifhoGm;um HDMI yHhydk;csufwpfckwdkYeJYtwl vkyfaqmif
ay;rSmjzpfw,f/ Direct X version 10.1 udkvnf; yHhydk;
aqmif&Gufay;Ekdifw,f/

AMD Phenom II X4940 Black Edition


rlv AMD Phenom obm0twkdif; 45 nm Phenom 11 CPU udk topf
pufpuftjzpf xkwfvkdufwmjzpfw,f/ 'gayr,fh Intel &JU tjrefqHk; CPU udk
jzKwfcsEkdifwJh raw speed tiftm;awmhr&Sday/ Quad-core processors tqifh
0if performance eJY aps;EIef;csKdomrIudk jydKifqkdifvdkwJhyHkpHjyKcsuf jzpfw,f/
Phenom II X 4940 Black Edition 3 GH3CPU udk 275 a':vmeJYom a&mif;cszdkY
pDpOfxm;w,f/ aps;EIef;csKdomwJh motherboard wdkY? DDR2 memory wdkYeJY
wGJzufjyD; tjrifhqHk; performance udk vkyfaqmifay;r,fh taetxm;jzpfw,f/
prf;oyfMunfhwJhtcg low-end Intel Core i7 xuf aES;auG;aMumif;awGY&w,f/
DDR3 RAM yHhydk; aqmif&GufEkdifjcif; r&Sday/ AMD &JU AM2 + socket eJY
oHk;EkdifrSmjzpfw,f/ xkwfvkyfoltaeeJY vdktyfwJh BIOS upgrades awGudk yHhydk;
xnfhay;rSmjzpfw,f/

46 uGefysLwm*sme,f
Newproduct
HTC Fuze
pwkdifusus toHk;jyKEkdifr,fh smartphone tjzpf HTC Fuze udk xkwfvkyfcJhwm
jzpfw,f/ HTC Fuze udk 299 a':vmeJY a&mif;csw,f/ tvGef jywfom;MunfvifwJh
2 . 8 vufrt&G,f VGA screen av; wyfqif yg&Sdvmw,f/ 'D screen av;eJYtwl
web browsing twGufjzpfjzpf? AD'D,dkMunfhzdkYjzpfjzpf toHk;csEdkifwJhtjyif touch screen
wpfcktaeeJY toHk;csEkdifw,f/ zkef;udk ab;wkdufavQmxkwfvkdufjyD; QWERTY
uD;bkwfav;udk oHk;EkdifzdkY pDpOfxm;ay;w,f/ vkyfief;toHk;cszdkY Windows Mobile 6.1
Pro udk wifxm;ay;w,f/ Touch FLO 3D interface udk xkwfoHk;Ekdifw,f/ 'gayr,fh
'D interface &JU wHkYjyefrIuawmh aES;w,f/ uD;bkwfuvnf; t&G,ftpm; ao;i,fw,fvdkY ajymEkdifygvdrfhr,f/ tm;enf;
csuftjzpf bufx&Doufwrf;wdkawmif;wmudk axmufjyEkdifygvdrfhr,f/ HTC Fuze rSm auseyfp&mawGuawmh 3G radies
wpfckyg&SdjyD; built-in Wi-Fi eJY Bluetooth pepfwdkY toifhyg&SdvmwmawGyJjzpfw,f/ 3.2 megapixel uifr&mav;
yg&Sdw,f/ Autofocus vkyfEkdifjyD; LED flash wpfckeJY toHk;cs ½dkuful;,lEkdifw,f/ HTC Fuze udk 299 a':vmeJY
a&mif;csw,f/ 6 em&DMum toHk;jyKjyD;wkdif; bufx&Dtm; oGif;&wmjzpfwJhtwGuf additional charge jzpfjzpf?
py,f,mbufx&Djzpfjzpf aqmifxm;zdkY vdkygvdrfhr,f/

Invu Sentry Stick


tifwmeufaMumifh uav;oli,fawGudk rvdkvm;tyfwJh tEÅ&m,fawG rusa&mufapzdkY
t&Htwm;vkyfay;zdkYeJY toHk;csoifhwJh tcsdeftwkdif;twmxuf ydkjyD; roHk;apzdkYudk
rdbawGtaeeJY pdwfcsvufcs ylyifaomu ra&mufapavmufatmif xdef;csKyfay;Ekdifap
r,fh 'DZkdif;eJY xkwfvkyfvmwJh USB security device av;jzpfw,f/ 'D device av;udk
Invu ukrÜPDu Sentry stick vdkY ac:a0:owfrSwfapw,f/ Sentry Stick av;udk
toHk;csjyD; rdrdydwfxm;vdkwJh web site awGudk y½dk*&rfvkyfjyD; ydwfxm;Ekdifw,f/
Sentry Stick udk z,fxkwfxm;vkdufwmeJY tvdktavsmuf tjrifhqHk;tqifh
vHkjcHKrItqifhudk ajymif;jyD;om; jzpfoGm;apw,f/

Velocity Micro Edge Z55


qGJaqmifrItjynfht0&SdjyD; Core i7 PC tjzpf &yfwnfay;Ekdifr,fh velocity Micro Edge
Z55 udk 2370 a':vmeJY a&mif;csay;w,f/ 'DZkdif;yHkpHu txl;aumif;rGefw,f/
*drf;pGrf;aqmif&nf jynfh0rI&Sdw,f/ Edge Z55 udk aq;rokwfxm;wJh aluminum
GX2-W case eJY xnfhxm;w,f/ armfeDwm? armufpfeJYuD;bkwfawG wGJvsufygrvmbJ
system oufouf a&mif;cswmjzpfw,f/ Overlock 2.93GHz txd vkyfaqmifay;r,fh
2.66 GHz Core i7-920 processor wyfxm;w,f/ 6 GB DDR3 RAM eJY ATI Radeon
HD4850 (512 MB) graphics card- 2 ckwdkY wGJzufxm;&Sdw,f/ odkrSD;pepftwGuf 750 GB
yrmP&SdwJh hard drive wpfckwnf; ay;xm;ayr,fh DVD+ RW drive 2 cktxd
wyfxm;wmawGY&w,f/ vnfywfpepftwGuf Windows Vista Home Premiun (64-bit) udk
toifhxnfhay;xm;w,f/ aps;EIef;wl Core i7 oHk; system awGtxJrSm performance taumif;qkH;vdkY rSwfcsuf
csEkdifw,f/ Hard drive xyfwyfvdkvQif wyfqifEkdifzdkY bay tvGwf 4 cktxd xm;&Sday;w,f/ Card -based expansion
awGtwGuf PCIe x 4 slot tvGwf 1 ck? PCIe x 1slot tvGwf 2 ckeJY single PCI tvGwf 1 ckwdkYvnf; awGY&w,f/

{jyD? 2009 47
Newproduct
Aiptek Pocket
vkyfief;qkdif&meJYywfoufvdkY Power Point Presentation awGeJYjzpfjzpf?
AD'D,dkawGeJYjzpfjzpf wifjyaqG;aEG; vkyfukdifMuolawGu laptop uGefysLwmwpfvHk;udk
y½dk*sufwmwpfvHk; csdwfqufjyD; aqmif&GufvkyfukdifMu&w,f/ 'gaMumifh wifjyp&m
&Sdwkdif; uGefysLwmeJY y½dk*sufwmwpfpHk tjrJyg&Sd&rvdk jzpfaeapw,f/ 'Dvdku&duxawG
uif;&Sif;apzdkY Aiptek u Pocket Cinema qdkwmudk a':vm 500 eJY a&mif;csvkdufw,f/ tvG,fwul tdwfxJ
xnfhoGm;EkdifwJh y½dk*sufwmav;jzpfw,f/ 1 'or 8 rDwm tuGmta0;uae vufr 50 t&G,ftpm;yHk&dyfudk
wifjyay;Ekdifw,f/ y½dk*sufwmav;rSm internal memory tjzpf 1GB txd xnfhay;xm;wJhtjyif SD card eJY xnfhoHk;
Ekdifatmifvnf; pDpOfay;xm;wm awGY&w,f/ rdrdwifjyr,fh presentation awGudk toifhxnfhoGm;jyD; tqifajywJhae&mrSm
MudKufovdk csufcsif; wifqufay;Ekdifygvdrfhr,f/

Maingear X-Cube
Performance udk qdkzG,f&mr&Sdavmufatmif xkwfay;EkdifwJh tefpmwHk;yHkpHjyK mini-
desktop uGefysLwmav;jzpfw,f/ enf;ynmoabmt& SFF (small-form-factor)
desktop vdkYvnf; ac:qdkEkdifygw,f/ txJxJrSm full liquid-cooling system eJY yHhydk;
aqmif&Gufay;zdkY pDpOfxm;&Sdw,f/ armfeDwmryg system oufoufudk 2880 a':vmeJY
a&mif;csay;ygw,f/ 2.83 GHz Core 2 Quad Q9550 processor udkoHk;xm;jyD; 4GB
DDR2 RAM eJY ATI Radeon HD 4870 graphics cards ESpfckwdkYeJY wGJzufvkyfukdif
aqmif&Gufapw,f/ odkrSD;pepftwGuf 750 GB (RAID level 0) hard drives 2 ck wyf
ay;xm;jyD; DVD +RW drive vnf; wyfxm;ay;w,f/ vnfywfpepftwGuf Windows Vista Premiun (64 bit) udk
toifh xnfhxm;w,f/ vdktyfwJh ports awG xm;&Sday;jyD; txJrSm wdk;csJUvkyfukdifEkdifzdkY tcGifhtvrf;r&Sdoavmuf ae&m
uGufwd ,ljyD; wnfaqmufxm;wmjzpfw,f/ 'gayr,fh 5 'or 25 vufrt&G,ftpm;&SdwJh external drive bays 2 ck
twGuf a&SUbufrSm ae&may;xm;wmudk awGY&ovdk aemufbufrSm double-width graphics card 2 -ck xnfhzdkYawmh
tqifoifh vkyfxm;wmawGY&ygw,f/ rsufESmpmbufrSm txJu tylawGudk xkwfay;r,fh fans 2 ck wyfay;xm;w,f/

Redfly Smartphone Terminal C8N


Smartphone udk tm;xm;oHk;ae&ayr,fh vkyfief;awG vkyfaqmifwJhae&mrSm Netbook
wpfckvdkvnf; toHk;jyKcsifw,fqdk&if Redfly Smartphone Terminal C8N udk toHk;
jyK&rSmjzpfw,f/ Celio ukrÜPDu xkwfvkyfjyD; 299 a':vmeJY a&mif;csvsuf
&Sdygw,f/ oufaomifhoufom uD;bkwfudk toHk;cscGifh&rSm jzpfovdk bufx&D
oufwrf;uvnf; 7 em&D 40 rdepfMumtxd wpfqufwnf;oHk;EkdifrSmjzpfwJhtwGuf
tvGefauseyfp&m aumif;w,f/ 'gayr,fh Windows- Mobile-based smartphone awGeJYom
wGJoHk;Ekdifw,fqdkwm owdjyK&ygvdrfhr,f/ Setup vkyf&wmvG,fulw,f/ Word wdkY? Excel wdkYudk aumif;aumif; aqmif
&Gufay;Ekdifw,f/ Smartphone toHk;jyKol ta&twGuf wpfaeYxufwpfaeY rsm;vmovdk Netbook obm0av;ukdvnf;
oabmusol rsm;vmwmudk owdjyKrdjyD; smartphone terminal C8N udk xkwfvkyfcJhwmvdkY ,lq&w,f/ 8 vufrt&G,f
LCD display av; wyfqifay;xm;w,f/ C8N udk? Bluetooth pepfeJYvnf; wGJoHk;Ekdifw,f/ Smartphone screen
av;awGudk roJruGJMunfhjyD; tvkyfvkyf&r,fhtpm; xifxif&Sm;&Sm; jrifawGYjyD;vkyfukdifrSmjzpfovdk web browsing vkyfwJh
tcgrSmvnf; tm;yg;w& Munfh½IcGifh &Ekdifygvdrfhr,f/ vrf;ay:rSmavQmufjyD; pD;yGm;vkyfief;wlawGtMudKuf jzpfaeapw,f/

48 uGefysLwm*sme,f
NEW PRODUCT In Yangon

MSI GT 627 Notebook MSI X58 Pro Motherboard


oifhawmfwJhaps;EIef;wpfckeJY tvGef per-
pGrf;aqmif&nftjrifhqHk; high-end power
formance aumif;wJh gaming laptop
PC wpfvHk;tjzpf wnf aqmufEkdifzdkY MSI
wpfvHk;udk tvdk&Sdw,fqdk&ifawmh MSI GT
X58 Pro rm;om;bkwfu tqifoifh&Sdaeyg
627 netbook u tqiftajyqHk; jzpfaeap
w,f/ Intel &JU Core i7 udk tjynfht0 yHhydk;
ygvdrfhr,f/ GT 627 udk gaming laptop
aqmif&Gufay;Ekdifw,f/ Intel X58 chipset
tjzpf nTef;qdk ajymMum;cJhayr,fhvnf;
udktajccHjyD; wnfaqmufxm;wmjzpfw,f/
Windows Vista Home Premiun tpm;
Main memory twGuf 1.5 V DDR3 800/1066/1333/1600 SDRAM
Windows Vista Business udk ajymif;wif
awGudk 24 GB txd toHk;jyKcGifhay;xm;w,f/ PCIe gen 2 x 16 slots 3
jyD; vnfywf aqmif&Gufapr,fqdk&ifvnf;
ck? PCIe gen 1 x 16 slot 1 ckeJY PCI slot 2 ckwdkY yg0ifw,f/ On-board
taumif;qHk; business computing udk
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vkyfaqmifay;EkdifrSmjzpfw,f/ 15.4 vufr
audio udk xkwfay;Ekdifw,f/ PCI Express LAN 10/100/1000 Fast
TFL CD widescreen display av; wyf
Ethernet udk yHhydk;EkdifwJhtjyif 1EEE 1394/Fire Wire wdkYtwGufvnf;
qifxm;jyD; Turbo Drive Engine enf;
tqifoifh jzpfaeapw,f/ Internal 1/0 connectors aygif;pHkxnfhay;
ynmeJY Eco Engine Power Manage-
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ment system wdkYudkyg xnfhay;vkdufwJh
port awGeJY IEEE 1394 ports awGygwJhtjyif USB 2 ports 6 ck yg&Sd
twGuf toHk;jyKolawGtwGuf tvGef
w,f/ ATX form factor eJY ukdufnDwJh twkdif;twm&Sdw,f/ «tvdk&Sdygu
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Aluminium eJY Metallic Threads awG
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w,f/ Intel Centrino 2 processor udk
uGef&ufpepfeJY toHk;jyKEkdifr,fh pG,fpHkoHk;'pf*spf
wyfqifxm;ay;jyD; DDR2 80 4GB eJY
w,f rdwåLul;puf jzpfw,f/ tqifhjrifh enf;
Nvidia Geforce 9800 GS-1GB DDR3
ynmawGudk uGef&ufpepfeJY aqmif&GufcGifhay;
VRAM wdkYudk wGJzufwyfqifxm;w,f/
rSmjzpfwJhtwGuf eSTUDIO vdkY trnfay;
Built-in speaker 2 vHk;eJY 2Megapixels
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webcam wdkY 4-in-1 card reader wdkYvnf;
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yg&Sdvmw,f/ odkrSD;pepftwGuf 160 GB
scan zwfjcif;? data awG odkrSD;odrf;qnf;,ljcif;? fax ay;ydkY vufcHEkdifjcif;
SATA (5400 rpm) udkay;xm;jyD; optical
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twGuf DVD Super Multi drive udk
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xnfhxm;ay;w,f/ « tvdk&Sdygu Smart
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ta&mif;qkdifrSm
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txd zwfEkdifpGrf;&Sdygw,f/ «tvkd&Sdygu Lucky Bird ta&mif;qkdifrSm
0,f,l&&SdEkdifw,f/»

50 uGefysLwm*sme,f
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG

oif\ Hardware tm; azmfxw


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{jy?D 2009 51
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG

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monitor oHk;ck&Sd desktop udk rnfonfh
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a&mufjyD; tqdkyg drive rsm;rS xGuf B wG i f jyxm;onf h
vmonfh qlnHoHrsm;udkvnf; xdef;csKyf twk d i f ; tem;uG y f u d k
Ekid rf nfyif jzpfygonf/ Hardware rsm; splicer wd y f r sm;jzif h
a&mif;csonfh pwdk;qkdifrsm;wGif tqkdyg jrJjrHpGmuyfjyD; toHk;jyK
ypönf;uav;rsm;tm; aps;oufompGm Ekdifygonf/ ¤if; wdyf
0,f,lEkdifaomfvnf; MuHKawGYEkdifonfh rsm;\ aps;EIef;rSmvnf;
tcuftcJrsm;uawmh ¤if;tay:wGif Home Depot wGif wpfcv k Qif 3 a':vm
wifrnfh ypönf;rsm; jzifh 0,f,&l &SEd idk yf gonf/
\ t&G,ftpm;MuD; a&mfbm Liner wdyf\
aejcif;? xlaejcif;? txlonf 0.03 vufr
yg;aejcif;ESifh ae&m uav; wpfaygufazmufxm;ygu ydjk yD;
&SdaomaMumifh 0g&SmESpfck
tH0ifciG u f s rjzpfjcif; oifhavsmfrnf jzpfygonf/ 'ghtjyif yHk-
twGuf toHk;jyKEkdifrnf
D wGif azmfjyxm;ovdk hard drive ESifh
ponfh jyóemrsm; jzpfonf/ tcHjyKvkyfrnfh
case udk tH0ifcGifus wyfqifjcif;jzifh
&ifqidk &f wwfygonf/ puf0kdif;yHk a&mfbmtjym;
xd k Y twG u f vd k t yf wkecf grI rsm;udk odoo
d momoufomjyD;
uav;rsm;udk yHk-C wGif
onfh taetxm;udk qlnHoHrsm;udk t<uif;rJh [efYwm;Ekdif
jy xm; onfh twkdif;
rSef;qum rdrdpdwfMudKuf yHkpH a&mfbm rnfyif jzpfayonf/
tv,fudk "m; (odkYr[kwf) pl;cReftm;
0g&Smrsm;udkjzwfum pDrHEkdifygonf/ yHk- toHk;jyKjyD; ao;i,faom tayguf

bufx&Dtm;oGif;rIwpfckpDrHjcif;

,ckazmfjyrnfh taMumif;t&mu
awmh oif\ PDA, Cellphone , MP3
player ESifh digital uifr&mrsm;tm;
wpfjydKifeuf tm;oGif;Ekdif&ef pDpOfjcif;
yif jzpfayonf/ xkdodkYpDrH&jcif;rSm yHk-
A wGif wifjyxm;ovdk oif\ charger
rsm;udk pepfwustm;oGi;f Ekid &f eftwGuf
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tqdkyg vkyfief;pOftwGuf vdktyf
rnfht&mrsm;uawmh yHk-B wGifjyxm;
onfh ypönf;rsKd;yif jzpfygonf/ ¤if;wdkY
rSm oifhawmfaom t&G,ftpm;&Sdonfh
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b&dwf"m;wpfacsmif;? aumftenf;i,f csonfh pwdk;qkdifrsm;wGif &SmazG0,f,l rnfh charging station av;rSm pwkdif
ESihf tvSqif&mwGif toH;k jyKaom tem; EkdifjyD; tem;uGyfabmifuav;rsm;udk us oyf&yfaeayvdrfhrnf/ rSwfxm;&rSm
uGyfabmifuav;rsm;yif jzpfygonf/ vnf; ¤if;qkdifrsm;wGifyif &&SdEkdifrnf uawmh 0kdif,mMudK;xnfhrnfhtayguf
bl;cGHwpfckudkawmh vufrIypönf; a&mif; jzpfygonf/ odkYrSom uREfkyfwdkY jyKvkyf rsm;udk oifhavsmfonfh t&G,ftpm;

{jy?D 2009 59
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG
jzpfatmif azmuf& tqdkyg t&may;xm;aom ae&may: rnfh Powered - USB hub udk power
rnf jzpf o nf / wGif zdumazmufcsvkdufyg/ okdYrSom strip xJodkY xnfhvkdufyg/ Power strip
taygufazmuf&m bl;cGHaygufoGm;jyD; wpfjydKifeuf tem; wpfcktwGuf aps;EIef;rSm Belkin wGif
wGif t&ifq;kH bl;cGH uGyaf bmifuav;onf ¤if;ae&mrSmyif a':vm 20 aps; &Sdygonf/ tvSqifzdkY
ay:wGif "m;OD;cRef aumfjzifh uyfaeayvdrfhrnf/ xdkYaemuf twGufawmh oifh desktop setup ESifh
jzif h t&may;jyD ; MudK;udk charger wGif wyfum azmuf ukdufnDrI&Sdonfh pwpfumrsm;? Label
tem;uG y f a bmif xm;onfh taygufxJodkY oGif;vkdufyg/ rsm;udk bl;cGHay:wGif oifhpdwfMudKuf
wGif aumfokwfum tm;vHk; jyifqifjyD;csdefwGif tm;oGif; jyKvkyfEkdifygonf/

½IyfyGaeonfhMudK;rsm;tm; pkpnf;jcif;
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tvG,f qHk;enf;vrf;uawmh vQyfum foam pipe udk toHk;jyKvkdufyg/ tacgif;aygufygonfh 6 ayt&Snf foam pipe
wpfacsmif;\ aps;EIef;rSm 2 a':vmatmufom&SdjyD; ¤if;udk hardware ypönf;ta&mif;qkdifrsm;wGif 0,f,l&&SdEkdifygonf/

½Iyyf aG eaom MuKd ;rsm;xJrS b,ftrsK;d tpm;udk


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½kyyf idk ;f qkid &f m taetxm;rsm;udk xdcu dk Ef idk yf g
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network MuKd ;rsm;udo k mpkjcif; ponf wdu Yk dk
jyKvyk o f ifyh gonf/

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60 uGefysLwm*sme,f
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Wi-Fi Extender wpfcjk yKvyk jf cif;

MudK;rJhcsdwfqufrItwGuf oifpdwf
npfae&ygovm;/ 'guawmh aps;
vnf; oufomjyD; MudK;rJh router's
signal tm;omcsuf r sm;ud k v nf ;
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awmh yHkjzwfykdif;wpfckudk ½dk;½dk;av;
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t&mrsm;uawmh puúL? uwfxljym;?
uwfaMu;? aumfESifh jzwfxm;onfhyHkpH
jym;wpfckyifjzpfygonf/ xdkypönf;rsm;
toHk;jyKyHkudk yHk-A wGif jyxm;onfh
twkdif; www.freeantennas.com/
projects/template 2 wGif &SmMunfhEkdif
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oifh router \ signal rsm;udk OD;wnf
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oif signal ESifh ywfoufonfh 10 dB
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jzpfygonf/ puúLwpf&u G af y:wGif tem- cGifusjzpfap&ef auG;ay;vkdufyg/ oifh
plate udk print xkwfvkdufyg/ wdus router \ tifwDemay:wGif jzpfay:
aom A[dck suw f pfct k wGuf dimension rnfh vdktyfaom direction rsm;twGuf
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B wGif jyxm;onfhtwkdif; template vdrfhrnf/ oif\ router udk prf;oyf
tykdif;tpudk uwfaMu;jzifh jzwfxkwf Ekdif&eftwGuf NetStumbler udk nets-
vkud yf g/ jyD;aemuf jzwfp\tay:uwåL tumber.com wGif &,lEkdifjyD; Ocheck
jym;udk aumfjzifu h yfyg/ nTejf yxm;onfh udkawmh http://tinyurl.com/ 3cs131
t&mrsm;ay:wGif "m;wpfacsmif;udk t&m wGif &,lEkdifygonf/
ay;jzwfvu dk jf zifh reflector udk tayguf

{jy?D 2009 61
uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG

Half -Baked Hacks

eH&aH zmuf CRT


a&SUvmrnfu h mvrsm;wGif jrifuiG ;f
rsm;udk ½Iaxmifrh sK;d pHjk zifh jrifEidk &f ef wall-
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uREfkyfwdkYonf xdkt&mrsm;udk tao do onf tqdkyg tDvufx½dkvkdufrsm;
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Ref: Maximum Pc.July.08

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Sony Alpha Canon EOS Pentax K 20 D Nikon D80 Canon EOS



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Modula-2

{jy?D 2009 79
How to Upgrade

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enf;vrf;awG ay;xm;ygw,f/

¤if;twGuf Compro VideoMate E650 Hybrid DVB-


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tdrrf mS u wDAGD wpfv;kH wnf;&dw


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0,fxnfhEdkifwmudk awGU&ygw,f/ Desktop twGuf PCI tuner
card eJY laptop twGuf odkYr[kwf tjyifuae vG,fvG,fulul
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80 uGefysLwm*sme,f
How to Upgrade

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kd wf meJY 0if;'d;k pf&UJ Add/Remove Hard-
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f yk f
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GD pDtpOfukd jyefa&G;cs,jf y;D Munhf
Edik yf gjy/D

{jy?D 2009 81
How to Upgrade

Pinnacle USB tuner trsKd;tpm;udk oHk;ygr,f/ ¤if;wGif TV tuner udk oifh yDpD odrYk [kwf laptop USB port rSm wyfyg/
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laptop wDAv GD aYkd wmif qd&k rSmyg/

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Buffalo LinkStation Mini


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Storage hard disk drive (www.drive buffalotech.com)
trsKd;tpm;jzpfjyD; wefzdk; a':vm 300 0ef;usifjzpfygw,f/

82 uGefysLwm*sme,f
How to Upgrade

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Iomega ScreenPlay Pro HD MSI Digivox Duo


500GB 0ifqHhonfh c&D;aqmif [mh'f'pf trsKd; MSI &JU TV tuner trsKd;tpm; jzpfjyD; USB
tpm; jzpfygw,f/ yDpDu wDADGtpDtpOf tyg port odkY wyfqif oHk;Edkifygw,f/ DVB-T
t0if rD'D,mzdkifrsm;udk vTJajymif; odrf;xm; antenna uae wDADGtpDtpOfrsm;udk zrf;,ljyD;
EdkifjyD; HD TV twGuf HDMI port ygyg yDpD odkYr[kwf laptop rSm csdwfqufMunhfEdkif
w,f/ ½kyf&Sif½HkrSm jyozdkYtwGuf toHk;0ifjyD; ygw,f/ Remote control yg&dSjyD; wefzdk;
1TB udkvnf; a&G;cs,fEdkifygw,f/ wefzdk; a':vm 50 rQom jzpfygw,f/
225 rS 327 a':vmtxd jzpfygw,f/ Ref: PC Advisor Magazine

{jy?D 2009 83
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ae&m wpfckrSjzpfvdkY r&ygbl;/ tdkifpDwDywfcf EkdifjyDqdkwJh udpaö wGudkawmh uGefysLwm*sme,frSm
a&pD;aMumif;rSm 0ifarsmcsifvYdk uGeyf sLwm pmtkyf razmfjyjzpfcJhygbl;/
awG a&mif;csifw,f/ 'Du ukrÜPDawGtwGuf
pma&;ud&d,m a&mif;csifygw,fqdkjyD; ar;jref; National ICT Award
cJhwJh uGefysLwm*sme,fudk zkwfavwJhiyd &Sdw,f uGefysLwm*sme,f 'kwd, 5 ESpf oufwrf;
vdkYawmif rxifcJhygbl;/ aqmhzf0JrSaqmhzf0JygyJ/ rSm National ICT Award eJY ynma&;ya&m*suf
wu,fawmh tJ'Dwkef;u tkdifpDwDywfcf&JU Award awGtwGuf wpfwyfwtm; yg0ifvy I &f mS ;
&nf&G,fcsufu awmfawmfav; jrifhrm;ygw,f/ cJhwJh udpöawGudk razmfjy&ifvnf; jynfhpHkr,f
'Dae&mrSm aqmhzf0JukrÜPDawGxlaxmifjyD; jynf rxifygbl;/ uGefysLwm*sme,ftaeeJYa&m? uGef
wGif;jynfy aps;uGuftwGuf aqmhzf0JawG xkwf ysLwmtoif;&JU trIaqmifwpfO;D taeeJYyg yg0if
vkyfMur,fqdkcJhwm jzpfygw,f/ uRefawmf aqmif&u G af y;&wJh udpaö wG&adS ecJv
h Ykd jzpfygw,f/

{jy?D 2009 87
trS w f w &
National Award qd k w muawmh aqmh z f 0 J
a&;om;olawGtwGuf jydKifyGJyHkpH zGifhay;wJhjydKifyGJ
jzpfygw,f/ National Award a&G;cJhwJh ESpf 2
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ygbl;/ bmtcuftcJ taMumif;aMumif;awG
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uGeyf sLwm*sme,ftaeeJY National Award
twGuf odyjf yD;ywfywfoufouf r[kwaf yr,fh
uGefysLwm*sme,f&JUrsKd;quf xl;jrifhaemifu
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yxrwpfMudrfu txu 2 A[ef;rSm ausmif;
wufae&if; a&;cJhwJh VOX Media Centre
aqmhzf0JeJYjzpfjyD; 'kwd,tMudrfu MyApple trS e f t wk d i f ; ajym&&if National ICT
aqmhzf0JeJY jzpfygw,f/ VOX Media Centre Award rSmvnf; wduswJh&nfrSef;csufeJY OD;wnf
qdk&if Commercial Package tjzpfeJY a&mif; &m r&SdcJhygbl;/ a&G;cs,fa&;rlvnf; wdwdusus
csEkdifcJhwJh aqmhzf0J jzpfygw,f/ owfowfrSwfrSwf r&SdcJhovdk vIyf&Sm;rIwpfck
National ICT Award &&if tm&S ypdzdwf tjzpf rjzpfrae vkyfcJhMu&wJhoabmyJjzpfw,f
a'o ICT jydKify0JG ifvYkd &wJt h wGuf qk& product vdkY xifygw,f/ 'DhtwGuftm;ay;olr&SdawmhwJh
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awmhayr,fh tm&Sypdzdwf Award uawmh quf point eJYyJjzpfjzpf? animation eJYyJjzpfjzpf ynm
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MICTDC uae vkdifpif,ljyD; zGifh&wm jzpfyg uGefysLwm*sme,f
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w,f/ bmvdkYvJqdkawmh jrefrmvlrsKd;awG uGef tajymif;tvJ r&SdcJhwmaMumifh
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tifwmeuf tçoHk;vHk; auszdkY vdk csufu uGefysLwm*sme,feJY
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ay;ykdYrSmMum;Ekdifygonf/

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(e,f) tjrefacsmykEYd eI ;f (1 ESppf m) 16700 usyf

{jy?D 2009 89
uG e f y s L wmtaxG a xG

pufbmomjyef c&D;ayguforQ
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owif;tcsuftvuf taMumif;t&m bmomjyefudpörSm 72 BudrfvkyfrS 9 EkdifiHvHk;


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bmomjyefvyk if ef; (Machine Translation) bmomta&;tom;\ t&dyt f qif t"dymÜ ,f
[kac:onf/ twdkaumuftm;jzifh (MT) [k wdkYudk iHkrdEkdif&onf/ wpfcgwpf&HwGifrlum;
ac:onf/ xdkbmomjyef enf;pepfonf tMurf;oabm bmomjyefvQif udpöNyD;Edkif
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EkdifiHwumwGif pD;yGm; jyefqkd&aom vkyfief;jzpfaomfvnf; xdkvkyf
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90 uGefysLwm*sme,f
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pwiftm;xkwfcJhjcif;rSm MumNyD jzpf\/ ,cktcg reD;,dk;pGJjzpfum a&m,Sufvm vG,fuloGufvufEkdifonf[k xdkpmtkyf
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bmomjyef&rnfh pmom;udk pufjzifh jim;jim; jzpfvmcJhonf/ ysLwmtvkypf cef;uav;rsm;ü vkyu f ikd f
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tvSef jyKjyifwnfhrwfay;&jcif;? A[dk pufud&d,mvufpGJ pmtkyfyg ta&; pufuav;ü xnfah y;Ekid jf cif;onf puf

{jy?D 2009 91
uG e f y s L wmtaxG a xG
bmomjyefvkyfief;twGuf vG,fvifh teufrsm;udk wpfae&mwnf;rSaeí
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{jy?D 2009 115


Gaming Pop Culture
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eJY backward compatible jzpfvrd rfh ,f/ &Sdvmr,f/ Gaming trend &JU tMuD;
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lations awG ydkí ydkí ygvmjcif; jzpf
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p&mawmh r&SdvSbl;/ Wii Sports Re- tjydKif ppfyGJMuD;qufjzpfaer,f/ Intel,
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{jy?D 2009 117


Gaming Pop Culture
w,f/ 'gaMumifh oihfavsmfaom hard-
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Modula-2

118 uGefysLwm*sme,f
Gaming Pop Culture

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{jy?D 2009 119


Gaming Pop Culture
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120 uGefysLwm*sme,f
Gaming Pop Culture

Empire: Total War


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{jy?D 2009 121


Gaming Pop Culture
ouf0ifw,f/ ESpfOD;csif; duel pD;csif;
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Warhammer 40,000: Dawn of


War II
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jrifhvmjyD; pGrf;&nftopfeJY bouns awG awGukd xda&mufpmG oH;k pG&J jcif;[m vic- twGuf xrf;&r,f0h ef[m oih, f el pfawG
&vmr,f / &ef o l a wG wd k u f c d k u f tory &zdYk aomhcsufomrubJ tjrifyi kd ;f tay: b,favmufaumif;aumif; pDrH
okwfoiftjyD; xGufusvmwJh items eJY toHydkif; auseyf ESpfjcdKufzG,f&m ovJqw kd meJY match yJt
G wGi;f cPcsif;
jzpfatmifvnf; azmfaqmifay;w,f/ cPcsif; oifb,favmuf aumif;
tG e f v d k i f ; tay: vl t csif ; csif ; aumif; tm;pdkuf xdef;csKyfovJqdkwJh
jydKifzdkY&m ESpfoufolawGtwGufuawmh tcsufawGtay: wdkuf½dkuf rSDcdkaeyg
multiplayer tydkif;ü pdwfvIyf&Sm;p&m? w,f/ oihf&JU home structure rS units
&ufpufjyif;xefjyD; tjydKiftqdkifMuD;wJh awG pDwef;xkwf&ayr,fh resource
strategy experience awGu apmihq f ikd ;f gathering uawmh action eJY cGJjcm;í
vsuf &SdwmawGU&r,f/ Campaign r&atmif jidaxG;vsufygyJ/ 'D zGJUpnf;yHk
xufpm&if tpOftvm yHpk yH u kd sjyD; ud,
k f aMumihfvnf; taotaMu wkdufcdkufrI
ydkif base structure a&G;cs,fí units qDodkY qGJac:aewm jzpfw,f/ Pres-
tcsKdUxkwfum resources tcsKdU pDrH entation yHkazmfrIrSm zsufqD;Edkifaom
cefYcGJ&ygw,f/ 0ef;usifawG? aumif;rGefaom 0ef;usif
a&G;p&m races av;cku Space lighting awG yg&Sdygw,f/
Marines, Orks, Eldar eJY Tyranid wdkY

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11: Messages , Transitions , and Actions

State udk owfowfrSwfrSwf ydkif;


jcm; azmfjyí&jyD; tcsdefumvwpfck
twGif;&SdaeEdkifonfh ae&ma'o 0ef;
usi[ f íl rSw,f yl g/ Transition udrk l xdk
state ae&ma'owpfckrS aemuf wpfck
odkY ul;ajymif;rI vrf;aMumif;jzpfNyD; EIdif;
,SOfcsuft& umvMum;ydkif; wdkawmif;
NyD; ½kwfjcnf;jzpfonf[k rSwf,lyg/
Message event udkawmh xdk transi-
tion tm; armif;jzKwf trigger vkyfay;
onfh jyify jzpf&yftajctae[k rSwf,l
tJvpf - ]csupf ½f idI ;f ,m; ylpaD &? yg/ Action-expression uawmh
transition umvtwGi;f aqmif&u G rf uI kd
'DuaeNy;D b,fukd oGm;oifw h ,fqw kd m
azmfjycsuf jzpfonf/ ¤if;onf EdIif;,SOf
wqdwaf jymjyygvm;} csuftm;jzifh Activity xuf umv wdk
awmif;onf/
aMumif- ]'gu rif; b,fukd Transition-names trsdK;tpm;
a&mufcsio f vJqwkd hJ tcsut
f ay: ESpfckudk avhvmMuygrnf/ ykH (1) wGif
trsm;Mu;D rlwnfw,fu}UJG transitions jzpfay:ypfvTwfaponfh ½kd;
&Sif;aom triggers udk jyxm;onf/
Transition-name \ tjcm;trsd K ;
tpm;rSm aemufqkH;tydkif;wGif azmfjycJh
onfh ykHpHus formal syntax ESifh ouf
qdkif&m jzpfonf/

{jy?D 2009 123


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yk-H 1 jzpfonf/ Status [lonfh udef;&Sifudk


message \ parameter tjzpf ydkY
aqmifonf/ Sequence diagram \
wpfae&m&mwGif control panel ESifY
milling machine [lonfh object rsm;
&Sad ernfjzpfjyD; message onf milling
rS control panel odkY oGm;aernf/
Interaction diagram azmfxkwf
transition-name (parame- onfh vufc&H m object odYk r[kwf class jcif; umvtwGif; analysis \ tm½kH
ters,…) ykHpHjzpfonf/ ¤if;onf mes- \ trnfcsa&;NyD; dot okdYr[kwf pe- pl;pdkuf&mrSm objects rsm;tMum; in-
sage-name \ syntax ESifhvnf; ykHpH riod csonf/ xkdYaemuf atmufyg teraction tay:wGif jzpfonf/ State-
jydKifjzpfonf/ Message ESifh transi- OyrmwGif jyxm;ovdk message \ chart azmfxw k pf Of umvtwGi;f mes-
tion wkYd twGuf name ESiYf parameter trnf aygif;xnfhygonf/ sage udk ydkYaqmif&mwGif vdktyfonfh
list wkdYudk wlnDpGmyJay;avh &Sdygonf/ logic ESifY object wpfckrS message
ControlPanel.UpdateStatus(status)
þonfrSmykH(2) üjyxm;ovdk se- wpfck vufcH&&Sdonfhtcg bmjzpfovJ
quence diagram ESifY statecharts wkdY ykH (5) onf ykH (6) ukd update ponfwkdYudk qkH;jzwf&efydkí tao;pdwf
qufET,f&m enf;wpfenf; jzpfonf/ vkyfxm;onfh version jzpfNyD; txGuf usaom analysis jyKvkyf&onf/ ,ck
ykH (3) onf order wpfcktwGuf line message wpfck ykYd aqmifxw
k v
f wT rf nfh tcg oifonf object-oriented ana-
item object (oreder item class) \ action statement aygif ; xnf h x m; lysis udk jyKvkyfykHjyKvkyfenf;ü xkdtrsdK;
½k d ; &S i f ; aom statechart jzpf o nf / onf/ Action azmfjycsuftwGif;rS rsdK;aom drawings awG wpfckudkwpfck
CreateItem(ItemID,Qty) [lonfh statements ESpfckudk aumfrmjzifh jcm; axmufyt hH m;jznfuh m vTr;f jcHKjynfph aHk om
transition name onf ykH (4) yg mes- xm;onf/ Control panel object requirements zGifhqkdcsuf&&SdapykHtm;
sage name ESiYf oufqi dk o
f nfukd owd onf UpdateStatus ( ) trnf & S d em;vnfoifhjyD jzpfonf/ ,ckxd uRef
jyKyg/ xyfaqmif;tao;pdwf analysis txGuf message OD;wnf a&muf&Sd&m awmfwkdYonf states ESifY transitions
rsm; jyKvkyfonfhtcg ykH (3) &Sd transi- yk-H 2
tion name wkdif;onf tcsdKUaom se-
quence diagram rS message wpfcE k iS hf
oufqdkifaeonfudk awGU&rnf/
Objects rsm;onf messages
rsm; vufcH½kHru ydkYvnf; ydkYaqmif
onf/ Messages rsm;udk ykHrSeftm;jzifY
action statement \ wpfpdwfwpfydkif;
tjzpf ydkYaqmifonf/ Action state-
ments rsm;onf transitions odYk r[kwf
states rsm;\ wpfpw d w
f pfyikd ;f jzpfonf
udk owd&yg/ olwkdYudk objects twGif;
activity jzpfay:onfhae&mwkdif; xnfh
oGif;onf/ ykHrSeftm;jzifh okH;avh&Sdonfh
syntax udk dot notation [kac:onf/
¤if;onf programming languages
rsm;rSvmonf/ Message rS&nfnTef;

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yk-H 3

CreateItem ReadyToShip ( ) ShipItem


(ItemID, Qty) Off Off (ItemID, Qty) On
> > > >

wkdYudk oD;jcm;trDStcdkuif;onfh tdkif'D ESifh ¤if;wkdY azmfxkwfa&;twGuf ydkí om jzpfonf/ odkYaomf ¤if;onf ob-
,mrsm;tjzpf aqG;aEG;cJhonf/ aemuf ½IyfaxG;aomudprö sm; qufí aqG;aEG; ject tppfwpfcak wmh jzpfygonf/ Item
wpfyidk ;f wGif system topftwGi;f ob- oGm;ygrnf/ yxrqkH; statechart wpf trnfwpfckudk order odkY aygif;xnfh
ject wpfck\ b0oufwrf;wpfckvkH; cktm;rnfodkY zwf&rnfudk tm½kHpdkufí onfhtcg ¤if;jzpfay:wnf&Sdvmonf/
jyo&ef ¤if;wkdYESpfckudk aygif;pyfí sta- aemufrS statecharts azmfxkwfykHudk Order udk jyD;pD;atmif vkyfaqmifaepOf
techart azmfxkwfykH aqG;aEG;ygrnf/ &Sif;jyygrnf/ twGif; ¤if;onf bmrSrvkyfonfh do-
Statecharts diagrams rsm;onf ob- nothing state wGif &Sdaeonf/'gudk
ject-oriented development \ t½Iyf Order Items “exists” [kac:rnf/ Order jyD;pD;onfh
axG;qkH; t&mjzpfonf/ oifonf þ ykH (3)onf Rocky Mountain tcg order item onf “waiting to
aemuftykid ;f udk aocsmpGmzwfoifo h nf/ Outfitter \ order item object be shipped” state odkY a&TUoGm;rnf/
ykw
H pfcck si;f pDEiS hf ¤if;wkYd wpfcck si;f \ &Si;f twGuf statechart diagram udk jyxm; qkdvdkonfrSm order item rS azmfjyxm;
jycsufrsm;tm; em;vnfapzkdY&m aocsm onf/ Order item onf tvGef½kd;pif; onfh inventory onf shipped vkyf
ygap/ onfh b0oHo&mpuf life cycle &So d nfh í wifydkYEdkifjyD jzpfonf/ Items trnf
vIy&f mS ;&Siof efreI nf;aom passive ob- rsm;udk shipped vkyfNyD;onfESifh order
Statecharts Diagrams ject wpfcjk zpfonf/ Order item object item onf “shipped” [lonfh state
,ciftykdif;ü states ESifh transi- onf order trSmwpfcktwGuf line odkYajymif;oGm;rnf/ þonfrSm order
tions wkdYESifh qufET,f&m concepts item trnfwpfckjzpfonf/ ¤if;onf item \ aemufqkH; state odkYr[kwf
rsm; &Sif;jy&mwGif ½kd;&Sif;aom state- ordering system wpf c k t wG u f aemuf q k H ; disposition jzpf o nf /
chart diagrams rsm;pGmjzifY wifqufcJh twGi;f ykid ;f owif;tcsuftvuf ouf aemufqkH; pseudostate rSm rxnfh
onf/ ,cktykdif;wGifrl statecharts oufomjzpfaom cPyef; rSwfom;&ef vnf; jzpfygonf/ tapmuajymcJo h vdk
RequestItem
yk-H 4 (Create No,
Qty) [First Item] CreateOrder
> > :Order

AddToOrder (ProductID, Description, Qty)


>
Price:=CheckPrice (Product ID)
>
Quantity:= CheckQuantity
(Product ID, Description, Qty)
> :order item
[QOH > Qty] CreateItem (Item ID,Qty)
>
AddItemConfirmation ()
>

FinishedOrdering OrderComplete (Credit Card number) *ReadyToShip()


> > >

{jy?D 2009 125


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yk-H 5

OnButtonPushed [Bin not empty AND Safety cover closed]/


status:= self-test ( ); Control Panel.UpdateStatus(status)
>

vrf;aMumif;wpfc\ k tqk;H udk ud,


k pf m; ShipItem( ) [k ac:onfh tjcm; mes- ykH (7) onf order object wpfck
jyK½kHom jzpfonf/ States \ trnf sage udkvnf; awGYvdrfhrnf/ Mes- twGuf statechart diagram jzpfonf/
rsm;onf order item object udk,fEIduf sages rsm; azmfxkwf owfrSwfNyD;onf þ statechart onf wnfaqmufa&;
tay:odkY oufa&mufaom trnfrsm; ESifh states ESifh transitions rsm; de- ypönf;rsm;pGmjzifh tawmfav;ydkí ½Iyf
jzpfonfudk owdjyKyg/ State name velope vkyf&rnf/ Statechart de- axG;onf/ yxr statechart tm;
onf object \ tajctae? jzpfysufrI veloping ESifhywfoufí aemufydkif; rnfodkY zwf½Iem;vnfEdkifonfudk &Sif;jy
ponfwkdYudk azmfjyoifhonf/ tapmu wGif ydkí &Sif;jyxm;ygao;onf/ NyD; rnfodkY develop vkyf&rnfudk aqG;
ajymcJoh nfth wkid ;f states rsm;taMumif; aEG;xm;onf/ þ statechart onf
awG;awm yHkazmfMunfh&mü tultnD& Orders ,cifwpfcx k ufyíkd ½Iyaf xG;aomfvnf;
aom enf;aumif;wpfckrSm object \ yHk(3) rS Oyrmonf object wpfck back orders, lost shipments, can-
status condition udk awG;Munfh&ef transitions ESifh message events rsm; cellation uJhodkY exception condi-
jzpfonf/ Customer wpfa,mufu tay:tajccHí state wpfckrS wpfckodkY tions rsm; csefxm;jyD; &Sif;atmifvkyf
w,fvzD ek ;f ac:í “uReaf wmfh Order \ a&TUvsm;ykH o½kyaf zmfjyxm;onf/Order xm;jcif; jzpfonf/
status u bmvJ } }[k ar;jref ; vQif item object onf xdkrQ ½dk;&Sif;ojzifh Order item zef;wD; jzpfay:ap&ef
rnfonfh status conditions odYk r[kwf jyxm;orQrSm ¤if;\b0 jzpfpOftukef pOD; transition rSm CreateOrder( )
states u xdktar;udk ajzqdkapEkdif jzpfonf/ yHk (4) rS sequence diagram jzpfonf/ Statecharts tm;vkH;eD;yg;
oenf;/ wGif jrifcJh&ovdk order object u ydkí onf class wpfck\ object topf
þ statechart azmf x k w f a &; ½Iyaf xG;onf/tb,faMumifq h akd omf ¤if; wpfck erlemxkwf instantiate vkyf&ef
yxrtqifhrSm order item object yg onf information rsm; awmif;cH&ef create message jzifhponf/ ¤if;onf
aom sequence diagrams tm;vkH;udk ESifh tjcm;tjyKtrlrsm; vIYHaqmfEId;qG&ef ykH(4) &Sd sequence diagram rS mes-
Munfh&efESifh statechart ESifhqufET,f&m messages rsm; vufcH½kHru ydkYvnf; sage ESifh twlwljzpfonfudk owdjyK
input ESifh output messages rsm; ydkYaqmifaomaMumifh jzpfonf/ þ&nf yg/ þpOD; transition wGif action
tm;vkH; pm&if;jyKpk&ef jzpfonf/ yHk(4) rSef;csufrsm; jyD;pD;jzpfajrmufzdkY&m ¤if;ü statement rSm order information udk
wGif CreateItem( ) ESifh ReadyTo internal logic &S& d rnf/ ¤if;onf mes- wnf aqmufí vuf&Sd customer jzifh
Ship( ) messages ESpfck awGY&rnf/ sage wpfck vufcH&&SdrSom behavi- order udk qufET,fay;&ef jzpfonf/
tu,fí uRefawmfwdkYonf sequence our udk vIYHaqmfEId;qG initiates jzpfap Action statement onf tawmfMuD;
diagrams tm;vkH; azmfxkwfcJhygu ojzifh passive om jzpfaeqJ jzpfonf/ udk tvGwfoabm informal qefyg

yk-H 6

OnButtonPushed [Bin not empty AND Safety


Off cover closed]/ status:= self-test ( ) On
>

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yk-H 7

onf/ zGYJ pnf;yku H s structured English rsm;tm;vkH; ¤if;odkY aygif;xnfYzkdY&m ped rvky&f onfh items udk back-ord-
jzifhvnf; ydkíwduspGm azmfjyEdkifonf/ apmifq h idk ;f ae&ef jzpfonf/ Order NyD;pD; ered pm&if;wGif xnfhonf/ Items
&nf&, G &f m target programming lan- onfESifh wpfenf; items tm;vkH; line tm;vkH; shipped rvkyf&rcsif; order
guage udk odvQif expression udk xkd items trnfwpfaMumif;pDtjzpf pm&if; zGifh&ufom; xm;&rnf/ aemufqkH;
programming language \ syntax jyKNyD;onfESifh customer credit ESifh items tm;vkH; shipped vkyfNyD;onfh
jzifhyif jyEdkifao;onf/ Action-ex- payment udk ppfaq;onf/ pdefwkH;ykHudk tcgrSom order udk ydwf&rnf/
pression onf object udk,fwdkifu pseudostate [k ac:onf/ Guard yxrqH k ; state “Accepting
vkyfaqmifonfY activity jzpfonfudk transition ukdtajccHí transition udk items” onf order object wnf
owdjyKyg/ Object odkY jyifyu vkyf udkif;cGJcGifhjyK&ef udpo ö ufouftwGuf aqmufqJ umvudk nTef;qdkonf/ Ac-
aqmifrIudk r[kwfyg/ þ action-ex- jzpfonf/ Payment aocsmapNyD;onf cepting items [lonfh state udk xnfh
pressions rsm;onf aemufydkif; ob- ESifh order udk shipped vkyf wifydkY&ef &jcif;taMumif;rSm uRefawmfwYkd \ sys-
jects class rsm;\ methods rsm; toifhjzpfonf/ Shipping depart- tem wGif customer rsm;taejzifh or-
twGi;f xnfo h iG ;f yg&Srd nfh code jzpfvm ment onf items rsm;udk stock rS qG, J l der odkY items rsm; 24 em&D aygif;xnfh
rnf/ xkyfydk;onf/ wpfcgwpf&HwGif items Edik pf rG ;f &Sad pzdYk jzpfonf/ xdYk aMumifh tcsed f
Order onf yxrqkH; tcGHvGwf tm;vkH; stock wGif r&dSonfrsdK; MuHK& ra&G; qufíaygif;xnfhEkdifa&; order
ykHpH&Sd system twGif; wnf&Sdvmrnf/ wwfonf/ xko d Ykd wpfyikd ;f wpfp partial zGifh&ufom;&SdapzdkY þ state udk wrif
¤if;\ yxrqkH; state rSm order items shipment yJ jyKvkyE f ikd o
f nfth cg ship- xnfhxm;&jcif; jzpfonf/ þ state

{jy?D 2009 127


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twGif; &dSaepOf items topf aygif; ac:onf/ taMumif;rSm states ¤if;\ statechart udk azmfxkwf&müokH;onfh
xnfo h nft h cgwdik ;f fire jzpfonfh tran- actions NyD;onfESifh tvdktavsmuf csOf;uyfenf;ESihf qifwo l nf/ yxrqk;H
sition jzifh order odkY order items rsm; fire jzpfaomaMumifh jzpfonf/ Com- order yg0if o nf h sequence dia-
tm;vHk; aygif;xnfhonf/ ykH (4) wGif pletion transition onf xdkYaemuf grams tm;vkH;wGif0ifvmonfh mes-
jyxm;ovdk þ transition rS action- decision pseudostate odkY 0ifonf/ sage events rsm; tm;vkH;owfrSwf
expression onf order object rS ydkY pdew
f ;Hk ykjH zifh nTejf yonf/ Decision ps- azmfxkwf&onf/ xdkYaemuf output
aqmifonfh output messages ESifh eudostate onf guard-condition messages rsm; tm;vkH; owfrSwf azmf
qufET,faeonf/ Messages tm; ppf a q;aepOf t wG i f ; wnf & S d o nf h xkwf&onf/ ykH (4) wGif t0if mes-
rnfonfh object class odkY &nfnTef; ,m,Dtajctae jzpfonf/ Decision sage oHk;ck? txGuf message av;ck&dS
ydkYaqmifonfudk nTefjy&ef action- pseudostate rStxGuf transitions aMumif; jyxm;onf/ þonfu mes-
expression onf dot notation udk ESpfckonfvnf; completion transi- sage tm;vkH;awmh r[kwfyg/ þtcef;
okH;onf/ þ messages rsm;onf tion jzpfonf/ odkYaomf wpfckpDwGif wGif sequence diagrams tm;vkH;ryg
wefzdk;udk,lay;onf/ vuf0,f&Sd ta& true/false guard-condition &Sdonf/ aomaMumifh jzpfonf/ tjcm; messa-
twGuf quantity on hand udk ppfaq; tu,fí guard-condition rSefvQif ges rsm;onf shipment use cases
onf/ NyD; order line item trnfopf transition fire jzpfonf/ rrSefvQif rsm;ESifh ZmwfnTef;jzpfpOf scenario rsm;
wpfvdkif; zefwD;ygonf/ State onf transition fire rjzpfEdkifay/ rS vmonf/
message vufcH&&SdNyD; action-expr- “Ready for fullfillment” state Message rsm; owfrSwfazmfxkwf
ession udk aqmif&Gufí wlnDaom onf vrf;aMumif;wpfavQmuf aemuf jyD;onfESifh analyst onf object
state odYk yjJ yefa&mufonfukd owdjyKyg/ state jzpfonf/ Statechart wpfck twG u f &S d a eEd k i f o nf h jzpf E d k i f a om
“Accepting items” state wGif twGif;rS path vrf;aMumif;wpfckonf states rsm; brainstorm vkyf OD;aESmuf
txGuf output transition ESpfck &Sd states ESifh transitions rsm; qufET,f rkew f ikd ;f qifonf/ 0ifvmonfh messa-
onf/ AddToOrder( ) ESifh Order ae&mvrf;rsm;wpfavQmufrmS valid jzpf ges rsm;u transitions rsm; ulnDazmf
Complete( ) jzpfonf/ tcsdefwpfcsdef abmif0ifonfh states ESifh transitions xk w f a y;í transitions rsm;onf
wGif output transition wpfckom jzpf rsm; a&SUaemuftpDtpOf jzpfonf/ þ states rsm;ESifh tjrJ qufoG,faeonf/
Edkifonf/ bmjzpfoenf;[lonfh mes- states \ entry internal transition xdak Mumifh uReaf wmfwYkdonf jzpfEikd af om
sage event u armif;jzKwfay;onfh rSm ReadyToShip messages udk states rsm;udk transitions rSvmonfh
transition om jzpfay:rnf/ order ay:rS order items tm;vkH;odkY tdik 'f ,D mrS azmfMunfYEikd of nf/ þae&m
ykH(7) wGif action-expression yd k Y o nf h action-expressions yg&S d wGif uRefawmfwdkYonf t0if message
ygonfh states rsm;vnf; awGY&rnf/ onf/ event oHk;ckESifh qufET,fonfxif&
“Verifying payment” [lonfh state usefonfh states ESifh transitions aom “Accepting items” ESihf “Ready
xJ&Sd do internal transition xJwGif rsm;wGifrl rnfonfh statechart wnf for fullfillment” states ESpc f o
k wfrw S f
order object twGuf pkpak ygif; usoifh aqmufa&;ypönf; topftqef;rQ ryg azmfxkwfonf/ enf;enf;av;xyfí
aiG wGufcsuf&efESifh customer credits awmhyg/ Order object onf ¤if;\ pOf;pm;NyD;onfah emuf “Verifying pay-
udk ppfaq;&ef action-expressions states ESifh transitions rsm;udk a&SUü ment” [lonfh Mum;cH state xnfo h iG ;f
rsm;yg&So d nf/ '‘gudb k ,fvjkd yKvkyo
f vJ &Sif;jycJhonfhtwdkif; qufíoGm;onf/ zdkY qHk; jzwfvdkufonf/ Statechart \
tao;pdwftcsuftm; diagrams u oifonf statechart udk taotcsm usefonfrsm;rSm shipment use case
&Sif;rjyyg/ Message wpfckudk tjcm; ½IjrifoHk;oyfí ¤if;u order wpfck\ rS v monf h tjcm; messages rsm;
object odkY ydkYjcif;jzifh jyKvkyfaumif; jyK b0puf0ef;tm; rnfodkY azmfjyonfudk tay: tajccHonf/ Statecharts azmf
vkyfrnf/ þ state rS txGuftwGuf em;vnfatmif jyKvkyfoifhonf/ xkwfa&;ESifh ywfoufí aemufvwGif
cvkwfjzKwfay;aom transition r&Sdyg/ þ statechart udk azmfxkwf&mü ydkrkdcsJUxGif &Sif;jyygOD;rnf/
'gudk completion transition [k ok;H onfh csO;f uyfenf;onf order item Modula-2

128 uGefysLwm*sme,f
Photoshop jzwfvrf;enf;

Facial Hair aygi;f xnfjh cif;


'Dvjzwfvrf;enf;rSm EIwfcrf;arG;wyfenf; prf;MunfhMu
ygr,f/

tqifh «1»
EIwfcrf;arG;rygwJhvl½kyfykHzGifhjcif;jzifh pwifyg/

tqifh «2»
Q udkESdyfNyD; quick mask xJ0ifyg/

tqifh «3»
Filter > Render > Fibers odkYoGm;yg/ Setting awGudk
atmufygtwdkif; ay;yg/

{jyD? 2009 129


Photoshop jzwfvrf;enf;
tqifh «4» tqifh «6»
Q udkxyfESdyfNyD; Quick mask udkjzKwfyg/ Rectangular marquee toll (M) eJY EIwfcrf;arG;xm;
r,fh ae&mwpf0dkuf a&G;NyD; Ctrl+Shift+I ESdyfyg/ Delete key
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Layer topfjyKvkyNf yD; selection udk teufa&mifeYJ jznfh
yg/ (Ctrl+Shift+N, D, Alt+Backspace, Ctrl+D) tqifh «7»
Ctrl+T ESdyf Right click ESdyfNyD; Warp udk a&G;yg/ ykHrSm
jyxm;wJhtwdkif; node awG vdkufnd§yg/ vufawmh0ifw,f
aem/

130 uGefysLwm*sme,f
Photoshop jzwfvrf;enf;
tqifh «8» tqifh «10»
Layers thumbnail uGuftay: Double click EdSyfNyD; Layers palette atmufajcu Add vector mask
Layer style dialog box ac:,lyg/ Bevel and Emboss button udk uvpfEdSyfyg/
style awGudk atmufygtwdkif;xm;yg/ Foreground color teufa&mif&q
Sd rJ mS Brush trmom;
hard eJY tem;pGef;awGvdkufoyg/

tqifh «9»
Layer > Layer Style > Create Layers odYk oGm;yg/ &
vmwJh Layers awG merge vkyfyg/

{jyD? 2009 131


IT Tutorial

Download #Dum
tykdif; (4)
tGev
f idk ;f ay:u aw;*DwoDcsi;f awG0,f,jl cif;

tifwmeuf'pf*spfw,fqdkif&m music revolution rSm ukd,fwkdifyg0ifEkdifzdkY


pdwf tm;xufoefjyD; tGefvkdif;ay:u aw;*DwoDcsif;awGudk download vkyf,ljyD;
0,f,v l wkd q
hJ E´awG jyif;jyvmjyDq&kd if tGev
f idk ;f qdik af wGtaMumif;eJY b,fvv
kd yk u
f idk f
aqmif&u G &f rvJqw kd m odxm;zdYk vdvk mygw,f/ rsm;jym;vSwhJ offers awGukd b,fvkd
&SmazG,rl vJ? rdrv d yk af qmifzYkd twGuf b,fvekd nf;ynmawGeYJ aqmhz0f aJ wG&adS eovJ
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jrefjrefqefqef csdwfquf&,lEkdifrSmjzpfw,f/

Online Music Stores


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tjrefqHk;enf;vrf;? tcsKdomqHk;aps;EIef;awGeJY &,lEkdifMurSmjzpfw,f/

Downloads awGtwGuf usoifah iGay;acsjcif;


tGefvkdif;aw;*Dwpwdk;awGudk pay-per-download yHkpHeJYwpfrsKd;? rental sites
awGuae vpOfaMu;ay;oGif;jyD; &,lEkdifwJh yHkpHqdkjyD;wpfrsKd; yHkpHESpfrsKd;ESpfpm;eJY
&Sdaeygvdrfhr,f/
iTunes pay-per -download pwdk;awGu aiGay;acsjyD;wmeJY csufcsif; rdrd
0,f,lwJh track udk download vkyf,ljyD; CD eJYul;ul;? iPod xJxnfhxnfh?
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csuf wcsKdUawmh &Sdaew,f/
vpOfaMu; ay;oGif;xm;wJhyHkpHrSmawmh tm;vHk;udk cHpm; em;qifcGifh ay;w,f/
Stream enf;eJY cHpm;cGifhjyKwmjzpfjyD; download vkyfxm;cGifhr&Sday/ Online

132 uGefysLwm*sme,f
IT Tutorial

od xm; &ef b,fvdkyJjzpfjzpf DRM -free tracks awGuawmh rdrd


MudKufovdk pDrHEkdifygvdrfhr,f/ ykdufqHay;jyD; download vkyf
File formats awG uGJjym;jcm;em; ½IyfaxG;aerIudk ,ljyD;vdu
k w
f meJY pD'aD y:ul;,lEidk w
f ,f/ Portable player ay:
&Sif;vif;&efeJY rdwåLtumtuG,fjyK&ef Microsoft ajymif;ul;Ekid w
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single standard jzpfjzpf? kite mark jzpfjzpf zefwD;xm; w,f/
ay;w,f/ 'gudk Plays For Sure vdkY odxm;Muw,f/
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For Sure qdw
k hJ logo ESpcf v
k ;kH &Sad eapjyD; toH;k cs,jl cif;jzifh Apple &JU iTunes Music Store u tGefvkdif;aw;*Dw
jyóemwpfpHkwpf&mrQ r&SdapEkdifawmhay/ avmuudk vTrf;rdk;EkdifzdkY qufvufMudK;pm;aeayr,fhvnf;
[www.playforsure.com] wjcm; stores tajrmuftjrm;vnf; wpfaeYxuf wpfaeY
xGufay:vmaeMuqJ jzpfw,f/

iTunes Music Store (PC/ Mac)


yxrqH;k xGuaf y:vmwJh tGev f idk ;f aw;*Dwqdik jf zpfovdk
jukebox wpfcv
k dk zefw;D ay;xm;wJh site udk toH;k jyKapw,f/ taumif;qH;k qkid v
f Ykd vnf; owfrw S Ef idk yf gvdrrhf ,f/ Podcasts
wu,fvdkYrsm; ukd,fykdiftjzpf ul;,lxm;csifwm&Sd&ifawmh awG &Sdaeovdk tywfpOf tcrJh track awGvnf; &Ekdifw,f/
vdktyfwJh track ukd download aMu;ay;jyD; &,lEkdifw,f/ wcsKdUa'oawGrSm wDADGtpDtpOftxd yg0ifaewwfwJh tqifh
Rhapsody wdYk vkd vpOfaMu;pepfo;kH sites wcsKUd uawmh
jrifh toGifwpfrsKd;&SdjyD; wpfOD;csif; tEkynm&SifawG&JU vuf&m
owfrw S x
f m;wJh track ta&twGuu f kd download vkycf iG ahf y; udkvnf; &,lEkdifwJhae&mjzpfw,f/ 'gayr,fh wcsKdUaps;MuD;vS
jyD; portable player wpfckckxJukdom xnfh,lcGifhay;vkduf ygw,fqdkwJh track awGqdk&if 0 'or 99 a':vmavmuf
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jyKvkyfjcif;udk wm;qD;xm;wJhoabmjzpfw,f/ 'DvdktGefvkdif; tracks awGudk iTunes player eJY iPod ay:rSmom zGifh,lvdkY
qkid af wG awmfawmfrsm;rsm;u tcrJh prf;oyfo;kH pGcJ iG u hf kd umv &w,f/ (www.apple.com/ iTunes/ music)
ykid ;f av;eJY owfrwS cf iG jhf yKxm;avh &SMd uw,f/ tJ'x D u J MudKuf
&mudk 0,fEkdifatmif aMumfjimwJhyHkpH jzpfw,f/

DRM (Digital Rights Managements) od xm; &ef


'pf*spwf ,f aw;*Dwavmuudk tprf;oabmjrnf;Munfh
vkdufwJhtcg DRM qdkwm cdk;ul;rIudk tumtuG,fjyKay;wJh Online stores awmfawmfrsm;rsm;u cdk;ul;rItwGuf
tajccHoabm&Sw d maMumifh tvGet f a&;MuD;wJt
h csuw
f pfcsuf tumtuG,fjyKxm;wJh Windows Media Format
tjzpf cH,lMu&rSmjzpfw,f/ tajccHtaeeJY DRM eJYtwl (WMF) twGif;uae tracks awGudk cGifhjyKxm;w,f/
aw;*DwoDcsif;wpfyk'fudk download vkyfcJh&if olYtuefY toHt&nftaoG; tvGeaf umif;wJh tracks awGukd &Ekid jf yD;
towfeJYol &Sdaewwfw,f/ DRM &JU yHkpHtrsKd;tpm;ay: iPod ay:rSmawmh zGifhr&Ekdifay/ iPod &SdaejyD; tGefvkdif;
rl w nf a eayr,f h v nf ; omref t aetxm;t& cd k ; ul ; rI qkdifawGu 0,f,lvdk&if iTunes player aqmhzf0Judk
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f hJ player
OyrmtaeeJY Apple &JU Fairplay DRM qdyk gpkYd / Track awGudk iTune stores u 0,f,ljyD; zGifhr,lEkdifay/ AAC
wpfckpDudk rdwåL 5 cktxd yGm;cGifhay;xm;w,f/ uGefysLwm format eJY tumtuG,fjyKxm;vdkYjzpfw,f/ iPod awG
5 vHk;txd ul;,lcGifhay;xm;wmaMumifh pD'DawGawmfawmfrsm; twGuf? player awGtwGuf? iTunes store xuf wjcm;
rsm;udk MudKufovdk ul;,lEidk rf ,fh taetxm; jzpfw,f/ 'gay tGefvkdif;pwdk;awGrSm 0,foHk;wm taumif;qHk; jzpfygvdrfh
r,fh 'D tracks awGu Apple &JU iPod qdkwJh portable player r,f/
av;ay:rSmom tvkyfvkyfEkdifw,f/

{jyD ?2009 133


IT Tutorial
Napster (PC twGuo
f m)
jyefvnfarG;zGm;vmwJh Napster rSm qm;ApfyHkpHESpfrsKd;&Sd
w,f/ wpfcu k awmh streaming service jzpfw,f/ rdru d eG yf sL
wmay:rSm uufwavmufwpfckvHk; stream vkyfEkdifw,f/
aw;*DwoDcsif;aygif; 2 oef;ausmf toifh&Sdaew,f/ wpfv
udk 1 'or 6 a':vmavmuf vpOfaMu;ay;jyD; em;qifcGifh
&wmjzpfw,f/ Download vky, f v
l Ykd r&Ekid af y/ aemuf wpfck
uawmh download service jzpfjyD; download vkyf,lr,fh
track wpfck twGuf0'or 99 a':vm avmuf awmif;qdk
avh &Sdw,f/ (www.napster.com)

Rhapsody (PC/Mac)
a&G;cs,f,lEkdifp&m aw;*DwoDcsif;aygif; ajrmufjrm;pGm
&Sad ewwfwhJ tar&duefEikd if u
H qm;Apfvyk if ef;wpfcjk zpfw,f/
b,f player eJYrqdk document vky, f zl Ykd tpDtpOfjyKvkyx f m;
w,f/ t&nftaoG;aumif;wJh aw;*DwoDcsif;wpfyk'fudk 0
'or 79 a':vmeJY a&mif;cswmrsKd;&Sdovdk vpOfaMu; 14
'or 95 a':vmeJY tuefYtowfr&Sd iSm;&rf;wJhtaeeJY
download vkyf,ljyD; em;qifEkdifw,f/ 'gayr,fh iPods
orm;awGtwGuf 'DvdkiSm;&rf;wJh qm;Apfudk cGifhrjyKxm;ay/
(www.real/.com/rhapsody)

Napster To Go (PC twGuo


f m)
wpfvudk vpOfaMu; a':vmaumufcjH yD; vkyu f idk af y;wJh
qmAZdypkH q H ef;eJY cGijhf yKxm;avh &Sw
d ,f/ Creative Zen wdYk vkd
w&m;0iftodtrSwfjyKxm;wJh players awGay:udk em&Daygif;
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aemufyidk ;f rSm Dell &JU Pocket-DJ wdYk? iRiver &JU H10 wdYkeYJvnf;
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xm;wJh tracks awGukd wjcm; player wpfcck u k jkd zpfjzpf? uGeyf sL
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tumtuG,fjyKvkyfxm;avh&Sdw,f/ 'gaMumifh pD'DeJY xyfyGm;
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w,fqdkwJh cRif;csufjyKxm;wJh tracks awGvnf; &SdaeEkdifyg
ao;w,f/ (www.napstar.com)

134 uGefysLwm*sme,f
IT Tutorial
eMusic (PC/Mac) Sony Connect (PC twGufom)
Independent labels eJY wufopfp aw;*Dwynm&Sif aemufqHk;xkwfvmwJh 'pf*spfw,fyHkpHjyK Walkman awG
awGtwGuf ajrawmifajr§mufay;wJh site wpfckjzpfwJhtwGuf eJY PlayStation Portable awGvkd sony ukrPÜ xD w
k f portable
emrnfausmfMum;rIawmh r&SdvSay/ MP3 aw;*DwoDcsif; player awGtwGufom aqmif&Gufay;aewJh pwdk;jzpfw,f/
tm;vHk;udk DRM-free yHkpHjyKxm;w,f/ qdkvdkwmu b,fvdk (www.connect.com)
uGefysLwmeJYjzpfjzpf? b,fvdk players eJYjzpfjzpf 'Dvdk&&SdwJh
tracks awGudk zGifh,lem;qifEkdifwJhoabm jzpfw,f/ Tracks MusicMatch (PC twGufom)
ta&twGufaygif; 40 udk 9 'or 99 a':vmeJY download aw;*DwoDcsi;f tyk'af &aygif; 80000 ausm&f adS ewJh pwd;k
vkyf,lEkdifw,f/ Track wpfckudk 0 'or 25 a':vmom jzpfw,f/ aw;*DwoDcsif;wpfyk'fudk 0 'or 99 a':vmeJY
usoifw h thJ wGuf aps;EIe;f tcsKdomqH;k tGev
f idk ;f pwd;k qkid t
f ae a&mif;csay;ovdk wpfvudk 9 'or 95 a':vm EIef;xm;eJY
eJY owfrSwfEkdifygvdrfhr,f/ (www.emusic.com) vpOfaMu;ay;oGif;jyD; xkwfay;wJh tpDtpOfvnf;&Sdw,f/
(www.musicmatch.com/download/)

Bleep (PC/ Mac)


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wpfckudk 0 'or 99 a':vmeJY a&mif;csay;wwfovdk 11
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f ahJ e&m
jzpfw,f/ tcrJh preview vkycf iG &hf w
dS ,f/ Download vky, f l
&&SdwJh aw;*Dwt&nftaoG;awGu jrifhrm;jyD; DRM-free
MP3 file awGjzpfw,f/ (www.bleep.com/)

HMV Digital (PC twGufom)


vpOfaMu;wpfvudk 25 'or 5 a':vm ay;oGif;vkduf
½HkrQeJY HMV Digital u aw;*DwoDcsif;tyk'fa&aygif; 1
'or 8 oef;avmufudk access vkyfcGifhay;vkdufw,f/
Windows Media Player selection (PC twGufom) Download vkyf,lwJhtcgwGifrl uefYowfrI tajctae
enf;ynm oabmobm0t& tGefvkdif;pwdk;qkdifvkdY tawmfrsm;rsm; &SdEkdifw,f/(www. hmv.co.uk/hmvweb/)
rowfrSwfEkdifay/ 'gayr,fh Windows Media Player
twGif;&Sd "Buy Music" qdkwJh button ay:udk click vkyfjyD; Play Louder
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Virgin
a&TU em;qifEidk cf iG &hf w
dS ,f/ aps;uGurf mS &S&d o
dS rQ player awGay:
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rSmvnf; wifxm;Ekdifw,f/ (http://music.msn.com/)
'or 6 a':vmuae 25 'or 5 a':vmEIef;xm;txd
&Sad ejyD; b,fvkd music rsKd;udrk qdk streaming vkyjf yD; em;qif
oAÁ&eHaygi;f pHx
k u J taumif;qH;k rsm;
Ekid w
f ,f/ (www.virgin digital.com)
aw;*Dwqkid Mf uD;? qkid if ,ftygt0if rdb
k idk ;f vfzek ;f ukrP
Ü D
qufvufazmfjyay;ygO;D r,f
ygruse&f adS ewJh digital music bandwagon MuD;qDudk vlwidk ;f
0if;pH
u trdt& zrf;qGJvmaeMuwJhtxJu xkdufxkdufwefwef
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{jyD ?2009 135


IT Tutorial

Mask Circle Animation

,ckvoifcef;pmwGif pmom; effect rsm; toHk;jyKyHkudk pho-


toshop ESifh wGJzufí avhvm&rSmjzpfygw,f/ puf0kdif;
twGi;f wGio
f m pmom;udjk rif&jyD; tvif; effect toH;k jyKyHu
k kd
pwif avhvmoGm;ygr,f/
1/ Adobe photoshop xJoYkd0ifyg/ File > New udak &G;yg/
New dialog box wGif Width : 720 pixels , Height:
480 pixels , Resolution : 72 , Color Mode : RGB,
Background Contents: Transparent udka&G;í OK
wGif click ESdyfyg/
3/ Adobe photoshop xJrSxGufí premiere pro xJodkY
0ifyg/ New project topfwpfck,lxm;yg/ File >
Import jzifh Computer .psd file udk ac:xnfhay;yg/
computer .psd file udk video 2 track xJodkY qGJxnfh
ay;yg/

2/ Tools panel xJrS Type Tool udk a&G;í Computer


pmom;udk oifhawmfovdk Font, Size jzifh ½dkufxnfh
ay;yg/ pmom;ta&mifukd tjzLa&mifxm;ay;yg/ pmrsuf
ESm&JU tv,fae&mwGif ae&mcsxm;ay;yg/ File >Save
> Computer. psd jzifh odrf;ay;yg/

136 uGefysLwm*sme,f
IT Tutorial
4/ File > New >Title udka&G;yg/ Title Name udk circle 7/ Effect Controls panel rS position pmom;a&SU&Sd Tog-
vdkY trnfay;yg/ Title window &&Sdvmygr,f/ Com gle Animation button wGifESdyfí yxrqHk; keyframe
puter pmom; ay:ae&eftwGuf show video ae&mwGif xnfhay;yg/ Motion pmom;rSm click ESdyfyg/ Pro-
trSefjcpfxm;ay;yg/ gram panel wGif av;axmifhabmifjzifh puf0kdif;udk
jrifawGY&ygr,f/ tv,frSwfpuf0kdif;rSaeí puf0kdif;udk
computer pmom;a&SUodkYta&muf qGJay;yg/

5/ Tools panel xJrS Ellipse Tool (E) udka&G;yg/ Com


puter pmom;zHk;atmif puf0kdif;wpfck qGJay;yg/ Title
window xJrS jyefxGufxm;yg/

8/ Edit Line udk circle file &JU aemufqHk;odkY a&TUyg/ Ef-


fect Controls panel rS Motion pmom;wGifESdyfí
puf0kdif;udk computer pmom;aemufodkY qGJa&TUxm;yg/
tv,fwnfh wnfah &TU&eftwGuf shift key ESiw hf zJG ufí
toHk;jyKEkdifyg w,f/ Play ESdyfí preview Munfhay;yg/

6/ Circle file udk video 3 track xJodkY qGJxnfhay;yg/


a&SUrSaemufoYkd puf0idk ;f vIy&f mS ;rIukd jyKvkyMf unfyh gr,f/
Home key ESdyfí Edit Line udk a&SUodkY a&TUxm;yg/
Circle file wGif click ESdyfí select vkyfyg/

{jyD ? 2009 137


IT Tutorial
9/ puf0kdif;twGif;wGif pmom;ay:&ef twGuf qufvuf
jyKvkyfygr,f/ Window > Effect udka&G;yg/ Effect
panel xJrS video Effect > keying > Track Matte
key udk Timeline &Sd computer .psd file ay:odYk qGx
J nfh
yg/ Effect Controls panel wGif Track Matte key
&&Sd vmygr,f/ Track Matte rS Matte ae&mwGif video
3 udk a&G;yg/ Preview Munfhay;yg/

12/ Black video file udk select vkyxf m;csdew f iG f Edit line
udk a&SUqHk;odkY a&TUxm;yg/ Effect Controls panel rS
Lens Flare Effect udk zGifhcsxm;yg/ Center X ESifh
Center Y wdYkwi G f keyframe xnfah y;yg/ jyD;vQif setup
button wGif click ESdyfyg/ Lens Flare setting box rS
tvif;wef;ae&m&Sd taygif;puf0kdif;wGif click zdí
a&SUodkYa&TUay;yg/

10/ puf0kdif;&JUtem;om;rsm;ukdjyif&eftwGuf effect wpfck


xyfxnfMh unfyh gr,f/Video Effect > Blur & Sharpen
Gaussian Blur udk circle .psd file ay:odkY qGJxnfh
ay;yg/ Blusriness wefzdk;udk Effect controls xJwGif
30 ½dkufxnfhí ajymif;vJrIudk preview Munfhay;yg/

11/ puf 0 k d i f ; xJ w G i f o m tvif ; effect ay:zd k Y t wG u f


qufvufjyKvkyfygr,f/ File > New> Black Video
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{jy?D 2009 147
Photoshop Tutorial

Photoshop Tutorial
Website rsm;twGuf Content Box zefw;D jcif;

tqifh (1)

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#CFBB5A

{jyD? 2009 149


Photoshop Tutorial

tqifh (4)
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{jy?D 2009 151


com), All4 Webs! (http:// tion cGJjyD; Windows ESpfck
all4webs.com), doteasy xm;csifygw,f/ XP CD
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0ifjyD;Munhfyg/ jrefrm web wm b,fvdkrS wifr&bl;
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ygvd r f h r ,f / rvd k t yf & if udk download cs &,loHk; ey/speed/benefit/ over- rsm;wGif Word \ shortcut
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Windows XP SP3 udk oHk; udk offline update vkyef nf; (speed/cost) udkvnf; azmf vkyfjcif;)
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ao;wJh Drive Letter wpfcck k

{jy?D 2009 153


awGU&if Delete vkyf zsuf myantel.net.mm/pro-
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system 32\userinit.exe band_ADSL.asp), IP
om usef&ygr,f/ STAR (http://www.myan
- Registry editor udk ydwf tel.net.mm/products/
jyD; uGefysLwmudk jyefí re- IPSTAR/ipcontact .asp),
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'An exception occurred offline update twG u f wJh program rsm;udk ydwf iratecity.com/wifiisp/
while trying to run b,fvdkvkyf&r,fqdkwm yg xm;vdkufyg/ broadband-asia/myan
(cmicnfg.cpl, CMICtrl ygvdrfhr,f/ - wpfckawmh &dSygw,f/ Adkif; mar) 0ufbq f u
kd rf sm;odYk 0if
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Computer wGif bmrS ay: jyD; uGefysLwm jyefzGifhwdkif; txuf azmf j yygenf ; eJ Y Edkifyg/ ADSL2 qdkonfrSm
rvmawmhbJ Taskbar wGif 'Windows Script Host tqifajy rajyudk rodEikd yf g/ qGpfZmvefEdkifiH tajcpdkuf
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Chapter (7)
7.6.1 CREATE OF THE SWING & AWT IN THE PROJECT

uReaf wmf a&;om;ydYkcsay;cJw


h hJ Application awGrmS Java import java.awt.GridLayout;

Language udk toHk;jyKjyD;awmhrS a&;om;ydkYcsay;cJhygw,f/ import javax.swing.JButton;


tck oifcef;pmrSmuawmh Window OS awGrSm yg0ifvmwJh import javax.swing.JPanel;

Calculator Program av;udk pmzwfot l aeeJY ac:,ljyD;awmh tp&Sdojzifh components wpfckcsif;pDtvdkuf Declare vkyf
toHk;cszl;rSmygyJ/ 'Dawmh tJ'D program i,fav;udk Java xm;wmygyJ/ 'Dawmh pmzwfoltaeeJY tvG,fwul Handle
Language udk toHk;jyKjyD;awmhrS zefwD; avhvmMunhfMu& vkyfEdkifwmayghaemf/ jyD;awmh 'D program rSm t"dutm;jzifh
atmifvm;/ primary class udk Calculator qkdwJh class udk a&;om;ay;
'Doifcef;pmrSmuawmh uRefawmf Visual Basic Lan- xm;ygw,f/ 'gayr,fh IPanel Class udk extends vkyx f m;½kH
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f m &Syd gw,f/ omrubJ Action Listener udkyg implements vkyfxm;
tJ'guawmh Java program eJY Visual Basic program Type ygw,f/ uJ 'gaMumifhrdkY Figure 8.1 taeeJY a&;om; azmfjy
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program Type rsKd;udk tck oifcef;pmrSmrS awGUzl;rSmyg/
'gayr,fh t&ifht&if oifcef;pmawGeJY uGmjcm;rIr&Sdygbl;/
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import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import javax.swing.*; Figure (a) Java Figure (b) Built-in
qdkjyD;awmhrS Import & Declare vkyf&ifvnf; &ygw,f/ Calculator Windows Calculator
tck oifcef;pmrSmawmh atmufygtwkdif; Declare vkyfxm;
Figure - Comparative of Create the JAVA
ygw,f/ avhvmMunfhyg/ Language Calculator and Built-in Windows
import java.awt.BorderLayout; Calculator

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tck a&;om;azmfjyxm;wJh Figure udk avhvmMunfhjyD; up menus awGudk a&;om; zefwD;Mu&atmifvm;/
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Support ay;wJh package awGukd toH;k csjyD;awmhrS tJ'D pop- • mouse Entered (MouseEvent)

162 uGefysLwm*sme,f
Java Developer Guide
• mouse Pressed (MouseEvent) 22: for(int i=0; i<items.length;i++){
23: i t e m s [ i ] = n e w J R a d i o B u t t o n M e n u I t e m
• mouseExiled (MouseEvent) (colors [i]);
• mouseReleased (MouseEvent) 24: popuMenu.add(items[i]);
25: colorsGroup.add(items[i]);
'Dawmh tJ'D a&;jyxm;wJh Event awGxJuaejyD;awmhrS 26: items[i].addActionListener(handler);
methods ( ) awGudk ac:,l toHk;csr,fqkd&ifawmh atmufyg 27: }
28:
twkid ;f (basic-form udk a&;jyxm;wJt
h wkid ;f ) a&;om;&rSmyg 29: getContentPane().setBackground (Color.
yJ/ white);
30:
Sample 31: //define a MouseListener for the windwo
public void mouseRelased(MouseEvent evt){ that displays
32: //a JPopuMenu when the popu trigger
// . . . . . event occurs
} 33: addMouseListener(
34: new MouseAdapter(){
uJ 'guawmh MouseEvents eJY ywfoufjyD;awmh tajc 35: public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e)
cH method_Form udk a&;jyxm;ygw,f/ 'Dawmh qufvuf 36: {checkForTriggerEvent(e);}
37:
jyD;awmhrS atmufrSm a&;jyxm;wJh Listing 7.6 PopupTest. 38: public void mouseReleased(MouseEvent
java qkdwJh oifcef;pmudk qufvuf avhvmMu&atmifvm;/ e)
39: {checkForTriggerEvent(e);}
'D program rSm mousePressed ( ) method eJY mouse- 40: p r i v a t e v o i d c h e c k F o r T r i g g e r E v e n t
Released ( ) method ESpfckudk xnhfoGif; toHk;csjyxm;yg (MouseEvent e)
41: {
w,f/ uJ avhvmMunhfMu&atmifvm;/ aoaocsmcsm avh 42: if (e.isPopuTrigger())
vmMunhaf emf/ Program Windows_Frame ay:rSm R-click 43: p o p u M e n u . s h o w ( e . g e t C o m p o n e n t ( ) ,
e.getX(), e.getY());
acguf&if Pop-up Menu av; usvmyHkudk Demonstrate 44: }
vkyfjyxm;wmygyJ/ 45: }
46: }
47: ) ;
Listing 7.6 PoupTest.java 48:
49: setSize(300,200);
//Demonstrating JPopupMenus
50: show();
1 : import javax.swing.*;
51: }
2 : import java.awt.event.*;
52:
3 : import java.awt.*;
53: public static void main(String args[])
4:
54: {
5 : public class PopuTest extends JFrame{
55: PopuTest app=new PopuTest();
6 : private JRadioButtonMenuItem items[];
56:
7 : private Color colorValues[]=
57: app.addWindowListener(
8 : {Color.blue,Color.yellow,Color.red};
59: public void windowClosing(WindowEvent
9:
e)
10: public PopuTest()
60: {
11: {
61: System.exit(0);
12: super("Using JPopuMenus:);
62: }
13:
63: }
14: final JPopuMenu popuMenu=new JPopuMenu
64: ) ;
();
65: }
15: ItemHandler handler=new ItemHandler();
66:
16: S t r i n g
67: private class ItemHandler implements
colors[]={"Blue","Yellow","Red"};
ActionListener {
17: ButtonGroup colorGroup=new ButtonGroup
68: p u b l i c void
();
actionPerformed(ActionEvent e)
18: items=new JRadioButtonMenuItem[3];
69: {
19:
70: / / d e t e r m i n e w h i c h m e n u i t e m w a s
20: //construct each menu item and add to
selected
popu menu;also
71: for (int i=0; i<items.length;i++)
21: //enable event handling for each menu
item 72: if(e.getSource()==items[i]){

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73: getContentPane().setBackground( function udk a&;om;ygw,f/ tJ'D function xJrSmawmh
74: colorValues[i]) {
75: repaint(); JFrame ay:rSm yg0if&r,fh Title text tjzpf yg0if&r,fh
76: return; pmom;tjzpf super ( ) method udk toHk;jyKjyD;awmhrS
77: } atmufygtwkdif; a&;om;ygw,f/
78: } super("Using JPopupMenus");
79: } aemuf jyD;cJw
h hJ Java Developer Guid VOL-I rSmwke;f u
80: } chapter (2) rSm a&;om;ay;cJw h hJ final method udk vmjyD;
awmhrS a&;om;toHk;csxm;wmudk vkdif;eHygwf (14)rSm
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wmawGudk Declare vkyfygw,f/ • A Final Class cannot be subclassed.
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yellow, color.red}; ( ) ;

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164 uGefysLwm*sme,f

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