Bai Giang C1 - Bookbooming

B MN: U T NC NGOI V CHUYN GIAO
CNG NGH
Th.S.: Nguyn Th Vit Hoa
u t nc ngoi, trang 1
CHNG 1: TNG QUAN V U T QUC T

1.
2.
3.
4.
Khi nim v c im ca u t quc t

Phn loi u t quc t
u t trc tip nc ngoi
H tr pht trin chnh thc
1. KHI NIM V C IM CA U T QUC T

1.1. Khi nim v c im ca u t
1.2. Khi nim v c im ca u t quc t, u t
nc ngoi
2. PHN LOI U T QUC T

2.1. Cc tiu ch phn loi
2.2. Phn loi theo ch u t
2.2.1. u t t nhn quc t
2.2.1.1. u t trc tip nc ngoi (FDI)
2.2.1.2. u t chng khon nc ngoi (FPI)
2.2.1.3. Tn dng quc t (IL)
2.2.2. u t phi t nhn quc t

H tr pht trin chnh thc (ODA)
3. U T TRC TIP NC NGOI (FDI)

3.1. Mt s l thuyt v FDI
3.2. Phn loi FDI
3.3. ng c FDI
3.4. Cc nhn t nh hng n FDI
3.5. Tc ng ca FDI
3.6. Xu th vn ng ca FDI trn th gii
3.7. FDI Vit Nam
3.1. MT S L THUYT V FDI

3.1.1. L thuyt chit trung ca Dunning (Eclectic theory)
O (Ownership advantages)
Li th v quyn s hu
L (Location advantages)
Li th a im
I (Internalization advantages)
Li th ni b ha
3.1.2. L thuyt vng i quc t ca sn phm ca Vernon

(International product life cycle IPLC)
Giai on 1: Sn phm mi xut hin, c bn trong nc, xut
khu khng ng k
Giai on 2: Sn phm chn mui, nhu cu tng, xut khu tng
mnh, cc i th cnh tranh trong v ngoi nc xut hin
Giai on 3: Sn phm c tiu chun ha, th trng n nh, hng
ha tr nn thng dng
Giai on 4: Sn phm b suy thoi
3.2. PHN LOI FDI

3.2.1. Theo hnh thc xm nhp
u t mi (greenfield investment)
Mua li v sp nhp (merger & acquisition)
3.2.2. Theo hnh thc php l

Hp ng hp tc kinh doanh
Lin doanh
100% vn nc ngoi
3.2.3. Theo mc ch u t
u t theo chiu dc (vertical investment):
Backward vertical investment

Forward vertical investment
u t theo chiu ngang (horizontal investment): sn xut cng loi sn phm

u t hn hp (conglomerate investment)
3.2.4. Theo nh hng ca nc nhn u t

FDI thay th nhp khu
FDI tng cng xut khu
FDI theo cc nh hng khc ca Chnh ph
3.2.5. Theo gc ch u t
u t pht trin (expansionary investment)
u t phng ng (defensive investment)
3.2.6. Theo nh hng ca FDI n thng mi ca nc nhn u t

FDI nh hng tch cc n hot ng thng mi ca nc nhn u t
FDI nh hng tiu cc n hot ng thng mi ca nc nhn u t
3.3. NG C FDI
3.3.1. nh hng th trng
3.3.2. nh hng chi ph
3.3.3. nh hng ngun nguyn liu
3.4. CC NHN T NH HNG N FDI

3.4.1. Cc nhn t lin quan n ch u t
3.4.2. Cc nhn t lin quan n nc ch u t
3.4.3. Cc nhn t lin quan n nc nhn u t
3.4.4. Cc nhn t ca mi trng quc t
3.4.1. CC NHN T LIN QUAN N CH U T

Li th v quyn s hu (Ownership advantages)
Li th ni b ha (Internalization advantages)
3.4.2. CC NHN T LIN QUAN N NC CH U T

Cc bin php khuyn khch, to thun li cho u t
trc tip ra nc ngoi:
K cc hip nh v u t;
Chnh ph bo him cho hot ng u t nc ngoi;
u i thu v ti chnh;
Khuyn khch chuyn giao cng ngh;
Tr gip tip cn th trng;
H tr thng tin v tr gip k thut.
Cc bin php hn ch, cn tr u t
Hn ch chuyn vn ra nc ngoi;
Hn ch bng thu;
Hn ch tip cn th trng;
Cm u t vo mt s nc.
3.4.3. CC NHN T LIN QUAN N NC NHN U T

Mi trng u t
Mi trng u t l tng ho cc yu t v php lut, kinh t, chnh tr, vn
ho x hi v cc yu t c s h tng, nng lc th trng, li th ca mt
quc gia c lin quan, nh hng trc tip hoc gin tip n hot ng
u t ca nh u t trong v ngoi nc khi u t vo quc gia .
Cc yu t cu thnh mi trng u t
Theo UNCTAD
Khung chnh sch v FDI ca nc nhn u t
Cc yu t ca mi trng kinh t
Cc yu t to thun li trong kinh doanh
Cch phn chia khc
Mi trng chnh tr, x hi

Mi trng php l, hnh chnh
Mi trng kinh t, ti nguyn
Mi trng ti chnh
C s h tng
Mi trng lao ng
Mi trng quc t
KHUNG CHNH SCH V FDI

Cc qui nh lin quan trc tip n FDI:
Thnh lp v hot ng;
Cc tiu chun i x vi FDI;
C ch hot ng ca th trng.
Cc qui nh nh hng gin tip n FDI:
Chnh sch thng mi;

Chnh sch t nhn ha;
Chnh sch tin t v thu;
Chnh sch t gi hi oi;
Chnh sch lin quan n c cu ngnh, vng;
Chnh sch lao ng;
Chnh sch gio dc, o to, y t,
Cc qui nh trong cc hip nh quc t.
Cc yu t khc
n nh chnh tr, kinh t, x hi
CC YU T CA MI TRNG KINH T
Tm kim th trng (market-seeking)
Dung lng th trng v thu nhp bnh qun/ngi

Tc tng trng ca th trng
Kh nng tip cn th trng khu vc v th gii
S a chung ca ngi tiu dng
C cu th trng
Tm ngun nguyn liu v ti sn (resource/asset-seeking)
Tnh sn c ca nguyn vt liu

Lao ng ph thng r
Tnh sn c ca lao ng tay ngh cao
C cc ti sn c bit (nhn hiu, cng ngh, pht minh)
C s h tng tt
Tm kim hiu qu (efficiency-seeking)

Chi ph thc cho cc ngun lc v cc ti sn k trn ( c iu
chnh bi nng sut lao ng)
Chi ph cc yu t u vo khc, c bit l vn ti, thng tin lin lc v
cc yu t trung gian khc
Hip nh khu vc cho php tip cn mng th trng khu vc.
CC YU T TO THUN LI TRONG KINH DOANH
Chnh sch xc tin u t;

Cc bin php khuyn khch u t;
Tiu cc ph v dch v tin ch;
Dch v h tr sau khi c php u t.
3.5. TC NG CA FDI
3.5.1. M hnh nh gi tc ng chung ca FDI
Gi thuyt:
Sn lng cn bin gim dn khi qui m u t tng;
Ch xt quan h u t gia 2 nc (1 nc cng nghip pht trin
v mt nc ang pht trin).
S m hnh li ch ca FDI
A
MA
MB
IB
JAB
IA
NB
OA
NA
J
OB
3.5.2. TC NG CA FDI I VI NC CH U T
Tc ng tch cc
Bnh trng sc mnh v kinh t v nng cao uy tn chnh tr trn
trng quc t.
S dng li th ca ni tip nhn vn gim chi ph, nng cao hiu qu
s dng vn v t sut li nhun, khc phc c tnh trng tha vn
tng i.
M rng th trng tiu th sn phm, khc phc tnh trng lo ho sn
phm.
Tm kim cc ngun cung cp nguyn, nhin liu n nh
i mi c cu sn phm, p dng cng ngh mi, nng cao nng lc
cnh tranh.
Tc ng tiu cc
Qun l vn v cng ngh.

S n nh ca ng tin.
Cn cn thanh ton quc t.
Vic lm v lao ng trong nc.
3.5.3. TC NG CA FDI I VI NC NHN U T

Tc ng tch cc
B sung vn thc hin cng nghip ho, hin i ho t
nc, y nhanh tc tng trng kinh t;
M hnh Harrod-Domar (ICOR)
ICOR = I/GDP
ICOR: Incremental Capital Output Ratio
I: Investment
GDP: Gross Domestic Products
GDP/GDPgc = I/ICOR

Tc ng tch cc
Vng lun qun ca cc nc ang v km pht trin
Thu nhp bnh qun
thp
Nng sut thp
Tit kim v u t t
Kh nng tch ly vn
km
Bng: T l gia vn FDI vo v tng vn u t cho ti sn c

nh cc nc ang pht trin (%)
Khu vc
1992-1997
(trung bnh
hng n m)
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
C c n- c ang ph t trin
7,9
12,3
14,7
14,9
13,1
9,9
10,0
Chu Phi
6,5
8,3
11,6
8,8
20,7
12,3
13,9
Chu M La Tinh v Carib
10,1
17,4
25,6
21,1
19,8
14,9
11,2
Chu v Th i Bnh D- ng
7,4
10,6
11,3
13,3
10,2
8,3
9,3
Trung v ng u
6,9
15,2
19,3
18,3
15,4
16,8
9,5
Hnh: FDI trong tng cc dng vn TNN vo cc nc ang

pht trin
400
350
(t USD)
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
1997
1998
1999
2000
Tng vn TNN vo c c n- c ang ph t trin
2001
2002
2003
FDI vo c c n- c ang ph t trin

Tc ng tch cc
Tip thu cng ngh tin tin, hc hi kinh nghim qun l ca
cc nh u t nc ngoi;
Bng: Mt s ch tiu lin quan n FDI v sn xut quc t

(t USD v %)

Tc ng tch cc
cc nh u t nc ngoi;
Chuyn dch c cu kinh t;
Hnh: C cu FDI theo lnh vc
Bng: C cu FDI trong lnh vc dch v

Tc ng tch cc
cc nh u t nc ngoi;
Pht trin ngun nhn lc v to thm nhiu vic lm mi, nng
cao i sng ca ngi lao ng;
Bng: Lao ng trong cc doanh nghip c vn FDI mt s

nc ang pht trin
Lao ng trong c c doanh nghi
p c vn FDI /t
ng
N- c
Brazil
Hng Kng
Indonesia
Malaysia
Mexico
Singapore
Sri Lanka
i Loan
Vi
t Nam
lao ng (%)
N m
L
nh vc cht o
Tt c c c ngnh
1987
24.3
16.2
1995
13.4
3.5
1985
10.2
1994
16.0
12.8
1992
3.3
0.5
1996
4.7
0.9
1985
29.8
1994
43.7
1985
42.7
1993
17.9
1980
52.0
1996
52.1
1985
24.0
5.7
1996
54.4
22.1
1985
9.2
3.5
1995
21.1
11.1
1995
14.9
5.3
3.3
Bng: So snh nng sut lao ng ca cc chi nhnh nc ngoi

v cc doanh nghip trong nc trong lnh vc ch to
Chi nh nh n- c ngoi
Nn kinh t
N m
S lao
ng
(1000
ng- i)
Gi tr
gia t ng
(triu
USD)
Doanh nghip trong n- c
N ng
sut lao
ng
(USD)
S lao
ng
(1000
ng- i)
Gi tr
gia t ng
(triu
USD)
N ng
sut lao
ng
(USD)
Trung Quc
1997
5 987.9
43 105.6
7 199
55 594.1
146 372.5
2 633
Hng Kng
1994
67.5
2 422.0
35 881
355.5
9 335.0
26 259
Malaysia
1995
526.7
12 082.7
22 940
842.3
11 727.0
13 923
i Loan
1994
258.6
25 131.7
97 193
2 180.1
44 763.5
20 533

Tc ng tch cc
cc nh u t nc ngoi;
Tc ng quan trng ti cn cn thanh ton;
M rng th trng v nng cao nng lc xut khu ca nc
nhn u t;
Bng: T trng kim ngch xut khu ca cc chi nhnh nc

ngoi trong tng KNXK ca mt s nc ang pht trin
N- c
Argentinac
Brazil c
Trung Quc
n
Mexicoc
i Loan
Phn Lanb
N m
T trng (%)
1995
14
2000
29
1995
18
2000
21
1991
17d
2001
50 d
1985
1991
1995
15
2000
31
1985
17
1994
16
1998
48
2000
56
N- c
Boliviac
Chi L c
Colombiac
Malaysia
Peruc
Hungary
Vit Nama
N m
T trng (%)
1995
11
1999
1995
16
2000
28
1995
2000
14
1985
26
1995
45
1995
25
2000
24
1995
58
1999
80
2001
24.4
2002
27.5
2003
31.4

Tc ng tch cc
cc nh u t nc ngoi;
Tc ng quan trng ti cn cn thanh ton;
M rng th trng v nng cao nng lc xut khu ca nc
nhn u t;
B sung ngun thu cho ngn sch quc gia: thu, tin thu t,
ph dch v cng cng
M rng quan h vi cc nc, nng cao v th kinh t, chnh tr
ca nc nhn u t, gip tng cng thu ht cc ngun vn
khc.

Tc ng tiu cc
Ph thuc v kinh t
Tip thu cng ngh lc hu
nhim mi trng
Trit tiu kh nng cnh tranh ca cc doanh nghip trong nc
Cc vn vn ha, x hi
3.6. Xu th vn ng ca FDI trn th gii

3.6.1. Dng vn FDI tng mnh trong nhng nm 1990 nhng sau
gim mnh
1,600,000
1,400,000
(triu USD)
1,200,000
1,000,000
800,000
600,000
400,000
200,000
0
1990
1991
1992
1993
FDI vo trn ton thgi i
1994
1995
1996
1997
FDI vo c c n- c ph t trin
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
FDI vo c c n- c ang ph t trin
2003
2004
Hnh: FDI ra trn ton th gii
1,400,000
1,200,000
(tri u USD)
1,000,000
800,000
600,000
400,000
200,000
0
1990
1991
1992
1993
FDI ra trn ton thgi i
1994
1995
1996
1997
FDI ra t c c n- c ph t trin
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
FDI ra t c c n- c ang ph t trin
2003
2004
3.6. Xu th vn ng ca FDI trn th gii (tip)

3.6.2. FDI phn b khng u gia cc nc
3.6.3. Cc TNC gi vai tr quan trng trong FDI
3.6.4. M&A tr thnh hnh thc FDI ch yu
3.6.5. C s thay i su sc v lnh vc u t
3.7. FDI ti Vit Nam

3.7.1. Quan im ca Vit Nam trong thu ht FDI
3.7.1.1. nh gi ng v tr ca FDI trong nn kinh t quc dn
3.7.1.2. Quan im m v che chn trong chnh sch thu ht
FDI
3.7.1.3. Gii quyt hp l mi quan h v li ch gia cc bn trong
qu trnh hp tc u t
3.7.1.4. Hiu qu kinh t x hi c coi l tiu chun cao nht
trong qu trnh u t
3.7.1.5. a dng ha cc hnh thc u t
3.7.1.6 X l ng n mi quan h gia qun l nh nc v
quyn t ch ca cc doanh nghip FDI
3.7.2. Thc trng FDI Vit Nam

Ph l c 10 : Tn h h n h t h u h t FDI v m t s k t q u h o t n g c a k h u v c FDI t i Vi t Na m g i a i o n 1988-2004
S d n m i
Tng vn ng
k m i
Tng vn bsung
Tng vn ca c c
d n gii th
Tng vn ca c c
d n ht h n
Tng vn cn
hiu lc t 1988
Vn u t- thc
hin
Doanh thu
n
v
D n
Triu
USD
Triu
USD
Triu
USD
Triu
USD
Triu
USD
Triu
USD
Triu
USD
88-90
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
214
152
195
273
371
412
368
331
275
274
365
460
745
773
743
1582
1275
2027
2589
3746
6607
8640
4649
3897
1567
1987
2436
1330
1900
2200
50
240
516
1318
778
1146
875
641
600
580
910
1140
2000
26
240
402
79
292
509
1141
544
2428
564
1709
1350
1300
1700
167
14
38
46
146
24
19
1556
2599
4260
6972
10941
18311
26442
31669
33994
35637
36515
38178
39728
41,000
45910
478
542
1097
2213
2761
2837
3032
2189
1933
2100
2300
2350
2691
2850
151
228
505
1026
2063
2743
3815
3910
4600
6167
7400
9000
13740
18000
2,00
3,60
6,10
6,30
7,39
9,07
10,03
12,24
13,25
13,50
13,80
14,3
14,5
112
269
352
336
788
1790
1982
2547
3300
3560
4500
6342
8600
600
1468
2042
2890
2668
3398
4352
4700
6707
8760
10900
128
195
263
315
317
271
260
373
475
628
800
T lng gp
%
GDP
Kim ng ch xut
Triu
khu
USD
Kim ng ch nhp
Triu
khu
USD
Np ngn s ch
Triu
nh n- c
USD
S lao ng s
Ng- i
dng
Tc t ng trng cng nghip
52
220000
250000 270000 296000
376200
445984 621498 665000
740000
Khu vc FDI
45,60
40,40
13,60
12,80
8,80
21,70
23,20
24,40
20,00
23,00
12,10
14,50
18,3
18,3
C n- c
7,71
12,79
12,62
13,39
13,60
14,46
12,62
8,33
7,68
10,07
14,90
14,50
16
16
Ngun: Tng h p t C c B o c o vtnh hnh u t- trc tip n- c ngoi ca B Kho ch v u t-
4. H TR PHT TRIN CHNH THC

4.1. Qu trnh hnh thnh v pht trin ca ODA
4.2. Chnh sch ODA
4.3. Vai tr ca ODA
4.1. Qu trnh hnh thnh v pht trin ca ODA
4.2. Chnh sch ODA

4.2.1. Chnh sch ca cc nh ti tr
4.2.2. Chnh sch ca nc nhn vin tr
4.3. Vai tr ca ODA

4.3.1. i vi nh ti tr
4.3.2. i vi nc nhn vin tr

Bai Giang C1 - Bookbooming

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Bai Giang C1 - Bookbooming

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

B MN: U T NC NGOI V CHUYN GIAO

CHNG 1: TNG QUAN V U T QUC T

Khi nim v c im ca u t quc t

1. KHI NIM V C IM CA U T QUC T

2. PHN LOI U T QUC T

2.2.2. u t phi t nhn quc t

3. U T TRC TIP NC NGOI (FDI)

3.1. MT S L THUYT V FDI

3.1.2. L thuyt vng i quc t ca sn phm ca Vernon

3.2. PHN LOI FDI

3.2.2. Theo hnh thc php l

Backward vertical investment

u t theo chiu ngang (horizontal investment): sn xut cng loi sn phm

3.2.4. Theo nh hng ca nc nhn u t

3.2.6. Theo nh hng ca FDI n thng mi ca nc nhn u t

3.4. CC NHN T NH HNG N FDI

3.4.1. CC NHN T LIN QUAN N CH U T

3.4.2. CC NHN T LIN QUAN N NC CH U T

Cc bin php hn ch, cn tr u t

3.4.3. CC NHN T LIN QUAN N NC NHN U T

Cch phn chia khc

Mi trng chnh tr, x hi

KHUNG CHNH SCH V FDI

Cc qui nh nh hng gin tip n FDI:

Chnh sch thng mi;

Dung lng th trng v thu nhp bnh qun/ngi

Tm ngun nguyn liu v ti sn (resource/asset-seeking)

Tnh sn c ca nguyn vt liu

Tm kim hiu qu (efficiency-seeking)

CC YU T TO THUN LI TRONG KINH DOANH

Chnh sch xc tin u t;

Qun l vn v cng ngh.

3.5.3. TC NG CA FDI I VI NC NHN U T

3.5.3. TC NG CA FDI I VI NC NHN U T

Nng sut thp

Bng: T l gia vn FDI vo v tng vn u t cho ti sn c

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Chu M La Tinh v Carib

Hnh: FDI trong tng cc dng vn TNN vo cc nc ang

Tng vn TNN vo c c n- c ang ph t trin

FDI vo c c n- c ang ph t trin

3.5.3. TC NG CA FDI I VI NC NHN U T

Bng: Mt s ch tiu lin quan n FDI v sn xut quc t

3.5.3. TC NG CA FDI I VI NC NHN U T

Hnh: C cu FDI theo lnh vc

Bng: C cu FDI trong lnh vc dch v

3.5.3. TC NG CA FDI I VI NC NHN U T

Bng: Lao ng trong cc doanh nghip c vn FDI mt s

Bng: So snh nng sut lao ng ca cc chi nhnh nc ngoi

Doanh nghip trong n- c

3.5.3. TC NG CA FDI I VI NC NHN U T

Bng: T trng kim ngch xut khu ca cc chi nhnh nc

3.5.3. TC NG CA FDI I VI NC NHN U T

3.5.3. TC NG CA FDI I VI NC NHN U T

3.6. Xu th vn ng ca FDI trn th gii

FDI vo trn ton thgi i

FDI vo c c n- c ang ph t trin

Hnh: FDI ra trn ton th gii

FDI ra trn ton thgi i

FDI ra t c c n- c ang ph t trin

3.6. Xu th vn ng ca FDI trn th gii (tip)

3.7. FDI ti Vit Nam

3.7.2. Thc trng FDI Vit Nam