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58? ckepf&ufeef h ajcmuf&ufrmwav h pD;awmfvSDukd yD;a&arav;

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62? OD;uav;ESpfa&mif [oFmrmnDaemif 'kd ho#ifavmif;rm x+ydKifa,mif&m
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71? igra&mufv#if ighwGif&mvufpGyf e0&ufukd xm;cawmhar
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87? tltlaomif;aomif; AkHarmif;av;c&m ywWvif;cGif; {omjcif;ESifh
88? +rKd hjynfukdpGm wGufvD&mygajrmuf 0zD;csyfudk ZDaw a&mufAsm
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95? qkdzG,fr& 'kd ho#ifrif;rSm [dvwfuav
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108? igomavajymar {csifhavpdrfhpdrfh rdZHoD;rSm em;axmifzdav
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114? *kZavwrl ol@ wdkif;ol@jynf oif;wGJjynfudk vm;ca&&m
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116? ,if;edavuyif o#pfaomif;e*g; qifacgif;0wGif tapmifhxm;a&
117? qifacgif;0udk vGefvDygajrmuf oif;wGJjynfudk ZDawha&mufa&mufaw
118? &rRmav;0wD &dkifpDpdk;jcif; &rf;+AJrif;rSm
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122? uoJ;avjyKjynf *dkif;pD;pdk;jcif; oHwGJrif;rSm
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127? OD;*&Gyf"mwfv#if/ 'dk@o#pfrif;av/ oif;wJG+rdK@rSm/ wnfvDusifa&
128? ig[Jha&m*g OD;*&Gyfemav oif;wGJ+rdK@rSm &Sif;&Sif;oma&
129? oHk;ESpfvnf;wdkifyif/ 'dk@o#ifrif;av/ oif;wGJ+rdK@rSm/ =umvDusifAsm
130? udk,fhjynfuyg vl'gavqifjrif; oif;wGJ+rdK@rSm ysufpD;jcif;&m
131? apmif;onfvnf;nDaemif ESpfa,muf&marmifudk ww0g;q,f yD;r,ftrSef xrppfrSm tawhcHa&
132? 'dk@'gjzpfv#if oem;vnf;armifyif vkvifapmif;onf obdkvfnOfhrm wD;&ar&m
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134? avmif;awmfocif to#ifvnf;jyefcsdef a0omvDudk wefav+yD&m
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141? vlwGifwGifhau/ vlwGif&mZm/ pD,H'gudk/ tmum pdk;au/ rdk;od=um;

142? avmif;awmocif/ bk&ifjyefcsdef/ a0omvDudk/ wefaumif;+yDav


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146? pENmvnf; a'0D / ac:nDav wGifxm;/ eef;&$Dawmif/ rdzk&m;u
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148? avmif;awmf vnf;ocif/ to#ifvnf; jyefcsdef/ a0omvDudk / wefav+yD&m
149? owdav;&au/ 'dk@o#ifrif;um;/ a0omvDudk/ xGufvdk@&a&
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151? rsL;awmfav; o#pfaomif;/ rwfawmf aygif;wkd h/ v#ifqGrae/ pD;avmif;awmfukd *kcsav[k
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154?jyefIvmv#if/ 'kdk ho#ifrif;av/ qif;acgif;0wGif/ a&mufvDusifAsm
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156? at'gavzD;ukd/ rodcsifavmh/ ighwifxm;au/ q&mrsm;armif/ aA'ifaumifav
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159? ata'avzD;ukd/ vGwfavawmfjim;/ q&mrsm;rSm/ rwufygavmh
160? &Sduork'N&m/ rsufESmawmfxm;/ vSDOD;avrsufrl/ avmif;jynfh&Sifrm/ xkdwfwefygavmh
161? {csifhav;qkd/ 'kd hcsifrif;av;/ &$DozkH;rSm/ xkdifvkd hikda&
162? cg;rvnf;'kwfpD/ +cDrvnf;bdeyf/ rudkfo&azmif/ rSif*kocFsm/ &$DozkH;rSm/ 0wfwkHygI
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164? &G,fumav&pfywf/ ,if;ed&ufrm/ pD;avmif;awmfukd/ okH;ykdifjzpfaw
165? rD;vnf;ajymif;ajymif;/ jrpfvkHJ;jrifa&
166? eywukd;odef;/ ygtHhavawmfol/ ukd;uG,favr&/ jrpfroD'grm/ ysufpD;jim;a&
167? &Sduvnf;wwef/ vGefvDyajrmuf/ 0D;vwfavpGma&Smif/ vSDwaomif;eefh/ xrppfav/ a0omvDukd jyef
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170? avmif;jynfav;o#ifukd/ e*g;epfau/ jyefawmhawav;
171? ig'gavxm;au/ ig'gxr&pf/ avmif;jynfo#ifukd/ e*g;Ekdufaw/ rSefawmhaw&m
172? Z&mvnf;0efqef/ zGm;vGefr&Sm;/ om;r,m;eef h
173? wluGmtkyfpkH/ jynfucsau/ oGm;awmhrlav
174? ukvm;wefajrmuf/ qefvDygajrmuf/ oJ;jzL;uGsef;ukd/ ZDawha&mufAsm
175? a,a'c%/ xrppfav/ oJ;jzL;uGsef;rm/ pcef;csa&
176? ,auvnf;wwef/ vGefvDavygajrmuf/ vlrsm;wkd hwGif/ +rdKjynfwGifa&

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1? (u) atmifom;OD;OD; &ckdif,Ofaus;rl a0omvD? pm-63 ?


(c) "npH &ckfiavSawmfoH jr0wDr*~Zif; pm-194?
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(i) jrefrmhqkd&S,fvpfvrf;pOf ygwD? &cdkif? pm-199?

Asnf; 33 vkH;[efpGav avSawmfoH


(u) u udkrlum;/ uOPe yAwm/ aiGawmifomu/ [oFm0rf;bJ/ ysH0Jonf/ rpJ&Hum/ &Humaomfvnf;/
[efpDav [efpGav?
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(p) p udkrlum;/ pENol&d,/ rif;vSjynfo#if/ awmif;yefv#ifau/ o#ifyifhudk,fpm;/ oGef;Ixm;onf/


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3? u0dausmf
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wGif aumif;pGmawG h&onf?

bda,ur*Fvmav#mufxkH;
EG,fjrpfpOfvm/ jrwf&mZmxkd;/ p=uma&muf&m/
ta=umif;ay/ ya&arbkef;orBm/ r[mZedef/
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bdodufawmfcH/ xkdif;EkifiHukd/ pkd;pHuGyfnSyfEkdyfI/
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rif;rsKd;jrwfunmESifh/ vuf,m&pfc&koif;?
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rif; rSmbdoduf/ olawmfpdwfonf/ rbdwfusifh&kd;/ jrwftusdK;unf;?

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------------------------

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&Sd.[kav#mufav onf?
-----------------------------

6? apm,Ofrd
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v$J{,Of usL;&ifhonfh trwfyifjzpfrnf?
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(c) OD;azarmifwif? jrefrmpmay ordkif;/ pm-31-34?
(*) OD;wifOD;? &cdkifrif;orD; {csrf;/ &cdkifwefaqmif?
(wGJ/ 1/ trSwf-4)?

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em/ pDjrGmjc,f&Suf/ a&$ykcufwGif/ a&$&Gufvlvl/ a&$jcLoGifoGif ponfjzifh A[kokwjzpfzG,f zGJ hEJG ha&;pyfxm;
onf?
pmqkd.acwfumvukd cef;rSef;Ekdif&efvnf; {csif;wGif &SmazGawG h&SdEkdifayonf? {csif;.aemufqkH;t
yk'f (34) wGif {vsuf&ifh&l/ bapmjzL./ vGefrlawZm/ bkef;ynm [lIvnf;aumif;/ &JpGef;vGef;vS/ uGsef;'D
y0,f/ r&ESpfql/ bapmjzLonf/ vGefrlowif; xl;wnfhav [lIvnf;aumif; awG h&onf? 4if;tjyif tykd'f
(33) wGif &ifcGifykdufaESm/ bapmrif;jzL/ om;onfrlvnf;/ olawmfZmwd/ r&Sdavatmif/ qifajymifwESHK;/
wufjyHK;tm;tef/ pGrf;oef&J&uf/ armif;vufusef;awm/ }udrf;}udrf;armvnf;/ a=umvnf;uref/ usifav[ef
vnf;/ ypfrSefav&m/ wpfxGmoHwk/ ESpfckAdkvf0uf/ 0ufxGufor#/ cef hwkdif;us./ &Sifhbaysmfyg;/ upm;cvkd [l
Ivnf;aumif; rif;orD;. rcrnf;awmfav;twwf uGsrf;usifrlukd azmfjyxm;ayonf? Ttcsufrsm;onf
ouU&mZf (821) ckESpfwGif xD;eef;pkdufcJhaom bapmjzLvufxufwGif tqkdyg rif;roD;awmftm; {csif;tzGJ hcH
rif;orD;tjzpf zGJ hqkdcJha=umif; odomxif;&Sm;apygonf?

tjyif{csif;zGJh haomajrmufOD;acwfOD;ykdif. EkdifiHa&;tajctaeukdyg avhvmtuJcwfEkdifayonf?


ajrmufOD;acwf rif;tcsKd honf wkd h.ykdifeufjzpfaomb*Fvm;e,f&Sd ukvm;rsm;tm; pnf;&kH;Ekdifap
a&;twGuf ukvm;emrnfrsm;ukd yl;wGJI cH,lcJh=uayonf? 1 bapmjzL. wjcm;bGJ hrSm umvdrmo#m;
jzpfonf? bapmjzLonf {csif;tykd'(33) wGif azmfjyxm;ouJhokd@ bapmjzLonf av;uref*t&mY
wpfzufurf;ajrmuf wwfuGsrf;ayonf? okdjzpf&m tdENd,wkdif;om;wkd@u (umvdrmo#m;) [kac:wGif =u
onf? av;ukd 4if; wkd h bmomjzifhumvdrf (0g) uref[kac:=uonf? t&Sifukd o#m; [kac: qkdav
&mt"dy`m,frSm av;twwf. t&Sifocif[k qkdonf? tykd'f (4) wGif aemufjynfrif;wkd h/ cGef
qufykd@om; [k azmfjyxm;&m xdktcsdef.EkdifiHa&; tajctaeukd aumif;pGm oabmaygufEkdif ay onf?
T{csif;. acwfumvukd ykdI odomxif&Sm;aom om"ursm; &Sdayao;onf? &ckdifrif;orD;{csif;
onf tvGef&kd;om;vG,fulpGm zGJ hEGJ hxm;aom uAsm jzpfapumrl a&S;usaom t&dyftaiG@rsm;ukd awG@&
onf? tif;0acwfac: ysdK@uAsmrsm;wGif }ud,mukd v jzifh,SOfIokH;aom xl;jcm;onfh tokH;tESKef;wpfck&Sd
ayonf? o#ifr[moDv0Ho/pmwGif *gxmTokd h v &Gwfwnf;[lIvnf;aumif;/ o#ifOwWrausmf. a&$
pufawmf oGm;awmfvm;wGif rkd;rSma&$=unfh vckwnf;/ awm=uufawmifyef; v jzHK;wnf; [kpyfqkd
xm;ayonf? 4if;jyif jymd[mcef;/ ysdK@ - 79 wGif iSuf=uuf&SOfhaygif;/ acsmif;odk@ v pD;/ tv}uD;udk
Todk@ v }ud,mudkESifhwGJI okH;E_ef;pyfqdkjcif;udk &cdkifrif;orD; {csif;wGifvnf; awG@&onf?
1? OD;omxGef;/ t'l;rif;ndKavm/ br'lif;ndKavm/ pm-26?
urefav;onfawmf [mcef;/ ysdK-79 wGif iSuf=uuf&Snfhaygif;/ acsmif;odk@ v pD;/ tvSL}uD;udk [lI pyf qdk=uonf? v
udk }ud,mESifhwGJI oHk;ESKef;pyfqdkjcif;udk &cdkifrif;orD; acsmif;wGifvnf; awG@&onf?

tydk'f (9) wGif xdktcgpdk;cdkuf/ &Sifawmf}udKufI/ &dkuf&kduf v zdrfh/ tlodrfhxuf0Sef@?


tydk'f (10) wGif aESmif;um;cgcsdef/ usdefwwfewfrGef/ n$efjy v bdf/ a0omvd0,f;?
tydk'f (11) wGif budkawmif;aomf/ tavmif;jyefvm/ vifh&Sm v [l cspfESpf,lonf?
xdk@tjyif a&S;usaom ausmufpmta&;tom;wGif w&kyfudk w&kwf [k a&;avh&Sd=uonf? &cdkifrif;orD;
{csrf; tydk'f (11) wGif yifv,f0J0kwf/ jrpfork'fjzifh w&kwf OD;wnf/ jynfodk@=uGcg [lI &kwf ta&;t
om;udk awG@&onf? Tta&;tom; toHk;tESKef;wd@k um; a&S;usaom ta&;tom;rsm; jzpf=uayonf?
&cdkifrif;orD; {csif;wGif zJG@EGJ@a&;pyfxm;aom ta=umif;t&mtjzpftysuf/ a0g[m&/ trnfemr ponfwdk@
rSm &cdkif&mZ0ifrsm;ESifh qufpyfaeI avhvmvdkufpm;olrsm;tzdk@ ordkif;aemufcHrsm;udkyg wpfygwnf; od
xm;oifhayonf?
T{csif;ESifh ywfoufI &cdkifa'owGif ayrla[mif;rsm; tcsdK@awG@&Sd&ayonf? &cdkif a0g[m&rsm; awmfawmfyg
0ifaea=umif; awG@&onf? rluGJrsm; yg&Sdonf? tydk'frsm;vnf; rlwlnD=uay/ aemifwGif tvsOf;oifhovdk oD;
oef@a&;om;ygrnf? OD;azarmifwif jyKpkaom jrefrmpmay ordkif;wGif (2) ydk'f/ EdkifiHawmf tpdk;&xkwf jrefrm

pmaynGef@aygif;usrf;wGif (10) ydk'f/tn$ef;r# azmfjy=uI ygarmuG OD;ausmf&if/ [Hom0wDu rlw@kd wGif (33)
ydk'f azmf=uayonf? vrf;pOfygwD xkwf &cdkifpmtkyfwGif (34) ydk'fom jyqdkayonf? OD;atmifomOD; jyKpkaom
bapmjzLrif;orD;awmf {csrf;wGif (35) ydk'f &Sdonf? aemufqHk;awG@&Sd&aom tcsdK@ayrlrsm;wGif (36) ydk'f &Sd
onfudk awG@&ayonf?
------------------------

8? r[mynmausmf
r[mynmausmf trwf}uD;onf ajrmufOD;acwf rif;Am}uD; (ouU&mZf 893-915) rS rif;&mZm}uD;
(ouU&mZf 955-974) wdkifatmif rif;ajcmufqufor# rif;wdkifyiftrwf}uD;tjzpf xif&Sm;ausmfapmcJhol
jzpfonf? xdktrwf}uD;um; tjcm;w&m;ol}uD;wdk@ rSefuefatmif rqHk;jzwfEdkifonfh tr_tcif;rsm;udk w&m;
r#pGm azmfxkwfEdkifpGrf;&Sdonf? wdkif;a&; jynfa&; ppfrufa&;rSpI rif;a&;tjzmjzmudk trwf}uD;
av#mufxm;csuftwdkifom bk&ifrif;jrwfu aqmuf&Guf&onf? trwf}uD;. av#mufxHk;rsm;rSm jrefrm
pmaywGif vGefpGmta&;ygaom usrf;jzpfI oDoef@xkwfa0+yD; jzpfayonf? r[mynmausmf jzwfxHk;rSm bm;
ewf (trsdK;om; pm=unhfwdkuf) ayrlwGif tcef; ( 40) yg&Sdonf? "n0wD ta&;awmfyHkusrf; [lonfrSm
vnf; trsm;tm;jzifh r[mynmausmf. av#mufxHk;rsm;udk tajccHI a&;om;azmfjyaom usrf;jzpfonf?
r[mynmausmf. arG;zGm;ouU&mZfudk wduspGm rod&aomfvnf; txufwGif azmfjycJhonfh twdkif;/
ouU&mZf (893)ESpf rif;Am}uD;eef;wufawmfrlaomtcg aumif;xifausmfpm; trwftjzpf tr_awmf
xrf;&Gufae+yD jzpfonf? odk@&mwGif xifay:ausmf=um;jcif;um; r&Sdao;acs/ rif;Am}uD; eef;wuf+yD;aemuf
tdENd,jynfodk@ csDawmfrlrnf=uonf?
xdktcg trwf}uD; av#mufxm;onfrsm;udk aumif;pGm pD&if+yD;aemuf tdENd,jynfodk@ csDwufawmfrlonf/
ouU&mZfum; (894) ck wefaqmif;rkef; vqef; (9) &ufae@jzpfonf? xdkodk@ csDwuf&mwGif bk&if. pD;awmf
qif ZD0pdk; vnf;wdkufqif ckESpf&m&HI yg0ifonf? pD;awmfqif ZD0pdk;onf vrf;c&D;Y unif opfwpfyifudk
rmef0ifIxdk;av&m unifyifonf tjrpfu vJa=umif;ESihf qifuJwdk@ av#mufvmonf? rdkCf;pJu|ef; ol}uD;
vSatmifuvnf; ig;u|Jwpfaumif qufvSmonf? xdktwdwfedrdwf ESpfckukd trwfynm&Sd 0drv (r[mynm
ausmf) u &kwfjcnf;aumufum av#mufonfrSm
umvm0u/ *a*F,sESifh/ y&ac:/ aygufausmfwr/ 0d*Fv[k/ ponfausmfwdk;/ qifq,frsdK;xuf/ wefcdk;t
vGef/ q'Nefajymifjrwf/ ywf&ufnDpGm/ vuQ%mum;/ oEWmpG,fa&mif/ tmaygifapG;apG;/ azG;azG;jzLpif/ aiGoGif/
tvm;/ pG,fzsm;tnD/ vuf,mcsD./ em&DESpfzuf/ em;&Gufem;Ek/ rplrnGwf/ o&ywfodk@/ rjywfrapmuf/
aemufa&S@ OD;uif;/ rpif;rwHk/ udk,fvHk;ausmh&Sif;/ a&qif;nmwif/ av;cGifpuf0ef;/ rcsefryl/ &SpfcltpGef;/ v0ef;
oef/ rifa&ScHidk@/ toHoGefenf;/ a&=unf;ESpfoG,f/ nmbufra&G;/ tajy;toGm;/ e*g;OD;csD// &moDoHk;rnf/
ig;wnfoHk;usuf/ rkefoufr=uL;/ xdyfOD;vnfwdkif/ }uH@cdkifpGrf;oef &Jrmefwnf;wnf;/ ajconf; aecsuf/
ausmufrsufeDvm/ trmrjcm;/ ESmarmif;zsm;wGif/ ywWjrm;&dyf/ ta&mifbdwfo@kd / ttdyfokH;axG/ taeav;yg;/
tpm;oHk;csuf/ ruGufroef; awmifu|ef;ZrL/ qif[lor#/ rmet+ydKif OD;qdkifrwef@/ a=umufvef@a&Smifajy;/
jraoG;ESmcsyf/ +yD;pyf&m[k/ puQKawmf+rJ/ ykvJtmeD/ pHknDr,Grf;/ qifrsm;rif;um;/ ae@csif;ravmuf
ajcmufq,fcef@uGm/ ,lZemudk r=umvsifjref/ ae@csifjyefonf/ q'Nefaygufajymif ,Ofausmf/ qifawmfjrwfrsdK;/
ZD0pdk;vsif/ atmifr*Fvm/ r=umuGef@jrL;/ wyfawmfOD;wGif/ unifopf}uD;/ usdKif;xD;wr#/ yrm%udk/

iif;csxdk;vSJ/ +cdrfhoJyJhwif/ &SpfcGifwkef&dkuf/ wdkufpuU0g/ ESHpGm a=umufrif;/ rmefoGif;tvdk/ xdkukvm;jynf/


rwnfxGm;nuf/ ysufpnfrv$J/ ig;u|JqufvSm/ b*Fgq,fhESpf/ ykqpfnGef@xkyf/ vuftkyf&SufajrSmuf/
a&$pufatmufodk@/ ydk@a&mufvm+yD/ 'DvDyqm/ ZmwmEGrf;nSdK;/ cdkudk;rnfcsnf;/ tvJvSnf;I/ uyfqnf;0if;vm/
&wemawG/ rdkCf;odk@a&G@r#/ =uufoa&pHk/ a&GbkH&dyfzGm;/ ukvm;rif;aoG;/ qif;+idrf;av;udk/ ta&;awmfwef/
qufrnfrSefonf vsifjref+yD;pD;bkef;aerD;---[l.?
bk&ifrif;Am}uD;vnf; qifaumif; qifjrwfwdk@. vuQ%mESifh txl;epfoufauseyfI ppfwaumif;+rdK@onf
a&S;bDawmf bdk;awmfwdk@ vufxuf trwf0drvwdk@trsdK; pm;&dk;jzpfonf[kqdkum 0drvtrwftm; ppfw
aumif;+rdK@udk +rdK@pm;ay;awmfrlonf? Tod@kd v#if trwf}uD; 0Drvonf ppfwaumif;pm;trnfjzifh ae@xif;
ausmfapmxif;&Sm;jcif;odk@ a&mufvmcJhavonf? bk&ifrif;w&m;}uD;. tem;wGif t+rJwap cpm;xrf;&Guf
um r[mynmausmf [laom *k%fxl;bJG@xl;jzifh bk&ifhftwkdifyifawmfcH&onf?
ouU&mZf (908) ckESpfwGif [Hom0wDbk&if rif;w&m; a&$xD;onf "n0wD &cdkifjynf}uD;udk vkyf}uH&ef csDvm
I avmif;=uuf+rdK@ a[mif;wGif wyfcsvmonf? 4if;aemuf ajrmufOD;+rdK@udk wdkufav&m }udKwif pDpOfxm;
aom rif;Ambk&if. tpDtrHa=umifh taotaysmufrsm;vSI qkwfcGmcJh+yD a,mufzawmf ausmfxifaemf&
xm tjyefwGif r[mynmausmftrwf}uD;udk xnfhvdkufI oHwrefenf;jzifh ajz&Sif;apavonf?
rif;w&m;a&$xD;xH a&mufv#if jynf&Sifrif;wdk@ xdef;odrf;apmifhra&Smuftyfaom w&m;"rRudk jyoav#muf
xm;av&m rif;w&m;a&$xD;vnf; vGefpGmyif oabmusESpf+cdKufawmfrlI r[mynmausmfukd a&$tojym
wpf&m/ aiGtojymwpf&m qkay;awmfrlonf? 4if;aemuf [Hom0wDodk@ jyefawmfrlonf? Tum; owW0g
rsm; ao=uysufpD;jcif;rS umuG,fEdkifcJhonfh r[mynmausmf. oHwrefpGrf;yum;yifjzpfonf?
ouU&mZf (915) ckESpf/ eef;wufaom rif;wduQmvufxuf ouU&mZf (918) ckESpf eef;wufaom rif;apmvS
vufxuf ouU&mZf (926) ckESpfeef;wufaom p=u0aw;vufxufo@kd wGifvnf; r[mynmausmfonf
bk&ifhtwdkifyifcHb0ESifhyif pm;+rJ rjywfcHpm;cGifh &&SdcJhonf?
ouU&mZf (933) ckESpfwGif rif;Am}uD;om;taxG; rif;zavmif; vufxufwGif r[mynmausmfonf txl;
udk;pm; ,Hk=unfjcif;udkcHcJh&onf? r[mynmausmf av#mufxHk; [laom usrf;pm;rSm Trif;vufwGif jzpfyGm;
cJhta&;tcif; jy\emrsm;udk ajz&Sif;vif; ay:aygufvmaom av#mufxHk;/ jzwfxHk;yifjzpfonf?
aiGaxG;cH/ a&$uGrf;csy/ ywWjrm;vufpGyf/ pD;awmfqif ponfjzifh jy\emwpf&yf&yfudk ajz&Sif;&wdkif; bk&ifrif;
}uD;xHrS qkawmfvmbfawmfrsm; csD;jrSifhcH&+rJjzpfonf?
txl;ojzifh rif;aejynfawmfajrmufOD;onf +rdK@oufukef+yD;jzpfaoma=umifh "n0wD+rdK@a[mif;udk wnf
awmfrloifha=umif; [l;&m;jzL/ [l;&m;ndKwdk@u av#mufxm;onfudk r[mynmausmfu rajymif;oifh
a=umif;/ avmuD avmukwW&m ESpfjzmaomtusdK;udk _I &rf;+AJi,f pm;aus;+rdK@wpf+rdK@ xyfrHI ay;
oem;awmfrlonf?
rif;zavmif; ewf&GmpH+yD;aemuf om;awmf rif;&mZm}uD;onf ouU&mZf (955) ckESpfwGif eef;wufonf?
rif;w&m;vnf; bdk;awmfcrnf;awmfwdk@. ynm&Sdtrwf}uD; r[mynmausmftm; qufI ay;+rJtwdkif;

csD;jrSifhonf? r[mausmf.om; usD;ndKudkvnf; a&mifjzL+rdK@udk pm;apI aqGpyfrsdK;quf csD;jrSifhajrSmufpm;


arG;jrLjcif;cH&onf?
ouU&mZf (959) ckESpfwGif awmifilb&if rif;&Jausmfxifu "n0wDukd ulnDwkdufay;ygu [Hom0wD ukd
ay;ygrnf[k ppfulawmif;ojzifh om;awmftdrfa&S@rif; rif;carmif;ESifhtwl r[mynmausmfukd,fwkdif
[Hom0wDokd hppfxGufcJh&avonf?
ouU&mZf (690) jynfhwGif rif;&mZm}uD;onf r[mynmausmf trwf}uD;ESifhwuG ukd,fawmfwkdifcsD wufI
yJcl;taemufbuf [Hom0wD Zkdif;*Ekdif;wGif wyfcsum yJcl;kd 0kdif;&Havonf? [Hom0wDwkdif;atmif
Ekdif+yD;aemuf rif;&mZm}uD;vnf; ,k;',m;ukd qufvufwkdufckduf&m ,kd;',m;rif;nDawmf AsmorGefukd
zrf;rDI ,kd;',m;rif;u vufeufaqmifjzifh jyefIawmif;,laponf? awmifilrif;vnf; uwdtwkdif; yJcl;
eENbk&if. orD;awmfESifh qifjzLvufeufrsm; qufavonf?
rif;&mZm}uD;vnf; awmifilrif;qufoaom vufaqmifymESifhwuG ouU&mZf (961) ckwGif &ckdifokd@
jyefcJh&m vrf;c&D;t=um; ykodrfteD; armfwifpGef; ta&mufwGif touft&G,f }uD;&ifh+yD;jzpfI c&D;yef;um
r[mynmausmf uG,fvGefonf? rif;&mZm}uD;vnf; r[mynmausmftm; aumif;rGefpGm o+*F dK[fI *l
ocsKif; ay:wGif apwDwnfxm;cJh&m ,ckwkdif armfwifapwD[k ac:a0:vsuf&Sdukef.?
r[mynmausmf uG,fvGefaomf if;.om; usD;ndKukd tzenf;wl ppfwaumif;+rdK hudkpm;apI ynm0Ho
trnfjzifh trwf}uD;t&mukd xrf;&Gufaponf? rif;&mZm}uD;.om; rif;carmif; (ouU&mZf 974-984)
vufxufESifh if;.om; oD&dok"rR&mZmrif; (ouU&mZf 984-1000) vufxufwkd@wGif r[mynmausmf
.ajr;/ ynm0Ho.om; ivuf&kH;onf ynm&Sdtjzpfxif&Sm; cJhjyefonf? odkufwufivuf&kH; tjzpf xif
&Sm;cJhonf? oD&dok"rR&mZmbk&ifonf ynm&Sd ivuf&kH;av#mufxm;csufukd rem,lbJ *&krjyK avaom
a=umifh iukovtrwf}uD;ESifh ewfo#ifr,frdzk&m;wkd@. avmuDtwwfynmjzifh vkyf}uHowf jzwfjcif;ukd
cH&ayonf? TwGif omuD0ifrif;qufjywfI trwfrsKd;rif;qufopf ay:aygufcJhonf?
Tokd@v#kif trwf}uD; r[mynmausmfESifh om;/ ajr;wkd honf ynm&SdtrwfrsKd;tjzpf &ckdif&mZ0ifY xl;cGsefpGm
trlxrf;cJh=uayonf?
aemufxyfawG@&Sd&aom taxmuftxm;rsm;t& r[mynmausmfonf av#mufxkH;vuFmrsm;omru
&ckdifwkdif;&if;om;wkdh.wpfq,fhESpfv&moD{uykd'f&wkukdvnf;zGJ hcJha=umif; ayrlwGif awG h&Sd&ayonf?
r[mynmausmfonf if;. wpfq,fhESpfv&moDwGJ hwGif txuf0mY ae/v/euQwfum&mwkd h
vSnfhywfaeykH/ Owk/ &moD/ v/ &uf/ em&D/ w0Jvnfvnfjzpfay:aeykH/ T&moDukdrSDIo pfyifyef;rmefwkd hzl;
yGifh=uykH/ ouf&SdowW0g aus;iSufwkd@ aysmfjrL;=uykHwkd hukd &moDtvkduf zGJ hEGJ hxm;ayonf? &ckdif&kd;&mokaw
oDwdk htzkd h tzkd;xkdufwefvSayonf?

wpfq,hfESpfv&moDwGJ 1
nGef@vef;r*Fvm/ armfcrf;jzmpdrfh/ r[muay`/ rD;a&ava=umifh/ zsufacswnfxGef;/ av;uGef;jrifhrkd&f/ ,k*~gef
xkdESifh a&ndKoDwm/ wm&meuQwf/ vewfol&def/ tcsdefraESmif;?

wef;cl;rmodef/ zef@csdef+cdrf;p/ =u,fzko#wd/ rd\&moD/ ESpf,HcsDaomf/ oifhnDpdwf=u/ qdwfjrL;uvsuf/


wm&qHusif/ oZifa&oGef;/ uHhaumfyef;ESifh/ xl;qef;&ifhcwf/ ol&defewfvnf;/ rdef;rwf&dyfoGm;/ okH;z0g;[k/ ykdif;
jcm;vSnfhu/ ae hnem&D/ okH;q,fpDwnf;?
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wHXe&m?
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(c) &ckdkfif&mZ0ifopfusrf;/ pm 149?
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10? rdndK
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11? OuUmysH
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e*dk&fajcmufxyf1 pdk;csKyfESdyfonf bkef;&dyfv#Hajymif olZmarmifudk vufaqmifq,fjrGm q,fpHk=umESihf
yefxGm=um;acs E_wfa&$csdKjr Asm'dwf&I &Gmcsonfavm axG;awmvSnfhum atmufarh&Smaomf a'0g
rmo o\ENm arcvmodk@ vGrf;&maxmuful em;ylem;qm tmumabGcsuf ytufbeef; cgrSef;rod
pdwf&Sdwdkif;om axmufrpmonf? ? csdefcgukdrJh usL;vSnfhavmh?

(3) aus;ap&wk
(1) {u&mv#if p=uma&S @wnf u|ef;vHk;vnfI a&$jynfrdKif &cdkifac:rSef; bHkaqmifeef;xuf jzL0ef;
jzef@um &Spfaomif;csmodk@ e&m{u awZxGef;ajymif; rif;&Jacgifu pmaqmifo0ef2 ,Hku|efap+rJ;
a&mufvSmcJhI ykvJtoGif aus;jzLpifv#if tvsifrae rdef@pmacGESifh &a0=uiSef;3 [oFm eef;0,f? ?
jzL0ef; jzef@umpHvdrfhavm?
(2) aet0gv#if jyKAmwdrfpGef; vSnfhIxGef;odk@ tu|ef;u|ef;vHk; ,lusHL;awmhrnf rSwfawmfwnfvsuf
aqGJonfoufr# rif;ndKjrv#ifoGm;=uvdk@yif ppfESifh&$ifcJh =umxifrae &yfajrol@qD ckckcsDaomf &moD
aEGOD; usL;jyefawmhtHh vGrf;vsufiH&h Sifh rwhHrJrSm eef;od*Fgxuf p=um&dyfjzL &Spfpif;xlI aexla&mif
v#H rlaemcHv#uf4 &JpHbkef;acgif jyefvG,fatmifukd jzLa&mifv#Hajy; oD[dkVfaus;v#if &yfa0; wxl;yJ;

cl;[lonf eef;wnff&yfausmf atmifjrifaomfvnf; bGm;ajrmfeef;wuf =uifbufquJ; ar#mfESifh+rJ;udk


rif;&Jausmfxif u|ef;vHk;&Sifonf? ? ,if;wGifbdodufcHvdrfhavm?
(3) apwemv#if o'Ng=unfvSdKif; yef;jrifudkif;ESifh ae@wdkif;qk ,lawmif;onfrlum; ZrLpdk;& rif;rsm;ae
0ef; a&$eef;qufpH rwfoufESHv#if aqmif;,Huonf aEGvnfa&G@ul; wef;cl;tcg onfrSmom&$if
wmobifudk aqmvsifrDatmif aus;jzLa&mifvsif em;axmifapha& av#mufpmacGESifh a&muf
avonf 0if;xlwyfum cJ;pGmusHKajrmif; nOfharmif;uif;&Snf wefwefvnfI aeajcxGufiif tcsdef
wGifY awmifwifeef;nm &Spfaomif;csmudk av#mufvm&wk aus;rsmhrSefwl jyefawmfrlavmh xD;jzL
&mpif; trif;rif;. &ifwGif;orD; vSZHoD;5 udk? ? ZeD;jyKrnf}uH vdrfhavm?
(1)e*kd&fajcmufxdyf] ewfjynfajcmufxyf.xdyf] ewfjynfajcmufxyfudk pdk;&onfqdkvdkonf? od=um; rif;onf? wm0wd Hom
ewfjynfYwnf&SdI rdrdjynfrStxufjzpfaom ewfjynfav;xyfudk tpdk;r&aomgvnf;/ avmuYomrefvlrsm;u
ewfjynfajcmufxyfvHk;udkod=um;rif;tpdk;&onf[k rSwfxif ajymqdk=uonfhtwdkif; pyfqdkavonf?
(2)o0ef] ta0;rSay;pm (ayg&m%)
(3)&a0=uief;] &a0um;eef;/ =uief;um; =ujrwfonf (ayg&m%)
(4) rkaemcHvsuf]toa&udkcHvsuf (ayg&m%)
(5) pHoD;[lIenf a&;=uonf?

(4) aus;ap&wk
(1) jrwfav;=unfvif i,fuyifwnfh yJhjyifodrf;arG; ESKwftyfau|;onf aus;Zl;ocif wdk@cspfo#if &ifcGif

ae+r;J rodbJudk usL;&J;+rdK@wGif; apvdkufv#if;I jrqif&dyf+rdKif &cdkifawmifa&S@ &pfa0hoDwm a&$om


v#HxGef; a&$eef;awmfawmif a&$anmifyifzsm; wef@em;ar;jref; a&$eef;uonf rnfwGifrem;
ysHacsoGm;I r,fhyg;cef;wGif; a&mufavvsif;aomf y0if;ydwfvSyf pGef;xyfroif auo#ifavsmfjref;
qDar$;oGef;I rvef;raysmf u|Ekfyfajrmf. oHawmfwifacguf yef;ESifhav#mufonf raumuftvsif
odk@yif=umjrifh EGJzifhav[ef u|Efkyfvnf;apha& ouFmacs (ouFmacsrS awG;awm,HkrSm;onfudkacsonf?) rS
ESKwfa&$tjrGuf jymacsmnufnuf/ rsufoufawG; awm,Sdacs.?

(2) wvlvmvm jrnf&ifhumwnfh ac:&Smar;jref; rnfrSef;rxif +rdK@jyifxGuf+yD; aq;=u;ajrmufyg;


ausmufavSum;okd h ysHoGm;v#if[k rwef hwkHonf?
? uGsEfkyf,kHyef;arm&dacs. ? ?
(3) wapha&a& &SifawmfaxGukd qHarGrnHh pdwfysH h=unfoH em;awmfcHI jynfhv#Hwm&D cGufnDzefrsm;
av#muf=um;aomaxG a=urS vufa&$ h,lvSrf; yef;ukdeef;I jynfhv#ifoDwm ,OfomawG;aumuf eef;+rdK@
ajrmuf0,f ausmfacsmufr$ef;acsmif; ar$&pfaomif;Y pkHaygif;aemifESifh zl;cGifa&;a&; &nfcef@awG;I
armifaxG;c&D; eD;onfjzpfrl o#ifcspfa&G hwGif wifygcJh[k acsmEGJ hjymjzL rSm awmfrlonf? ?
twlukdokd@ nSdav.?

(5)armifzJG h&wk?
(1) r,fqGufvGrf;pG rcsdvSwnf haus;jrZrL &Sif&yfol? ? oluusef;arh racG hrnGwf rqGwfrvGrf;
r&Srf;roG,f =uma&;ES,fv#if a&$jc,fajymufoef; ajymifr#&$ef;onf jreef;ovGef puf&musefcJhjyef av#muf
yav? cef hv#if awGrl &Snfae=umjrifh/ r0HESifhawmh/ rwifhaycJh/ ESvkH;rJhum; EGJ@EGJ@aESmif;aESmif;/ ,kHu,faumif;
v#if/ a,mif;a,mif;jzm;jzm;/ pum;[lu ESdrhfcsacswif/ &Sifhqif;jyif;onf? ? jrifv#if armifod& rnfukd?
(2) &G,frSwfprf;u wacsmif;ywnfh/ aus;jrZrL? ? odonfhrlavm/ olwyg;em;/ okd@axGjym;ukd =um;od
avEkd;/ r,f&Sufpkd;pG/ aqmif;rkd;p=um aeumor# rif;rsm;OD;uif; xdrfqDeif;om; cspfjcif;rdb/ rSef;xdrf;=uI
pkd;&ykdifav jzpfaomaxGa=umifh &pfacGywf0kduf/ =uifrdvkduf&Sifh onfYty b0aemifa&S hvnf; rawG@}uHKvkd
+rGwfqkdvS,fvS,f onfolES,fukd 0rf;0,faxGaxG rwwfacswnf;? acgifaAGjrif;rkd&f &Sifxdyfqkd0,f vkdvkd
&m&m/ apygor# ukefarmvSI jyifyodrf;arG; ESKwftyfauGs;onf? ? xkdaus;yifukd r#&nfqkd?
(3) oG,fqGwf&Grf;us/ +zdKufarmvS./ a=uGr#onf;tl olokd@pdwf0rf; vGrf;IqGwfvG,f/ cspfonf;owfvnf;
rdef;jywfa=uql/ aysmif;ysylpG/ a&$wljc,fa&; &Spf&yfaus;? xkH;ao;ywfukH; &yftvkH;udk v$rf;zkH;rdk;jzef@/
aeES,fuGef@onf onfeef;w&kd;? rif;wkd@rsKd;ukd cspfusKd;,Sdrl/ xifoolu/ aysmif;ylyef;&d/ csifbG,f,SdpG/
ysHbdacsarmif? vsifatmifr=um vmjyefcJhrl a0vmawmifxGf ewfrsm;&Sifyef;/ ysH hr$ef;v_dif=uL qif&mrlum;
rOL*rkef; tif;rESKef;ESifh awmifukef;xdyfwGif jrwfqH&Sifukd?
?
qufwifnGwf&kd c=unfndK?

{uydk'f &wkrsm;
1? OuUmysH &ckdifokd@ jyef
jyefrnfqkdaomtcg a&;om;xm;cJhonfh pm{uykd'f
txl;txl; O'gef;usL;ydrfh/ pENul;yifr$ef/ o&uQefukd/ rcsdefvkH;uGswf tukefjzwfI jyKrSwfa0yl/ jrESifhwl[k
=uufqln$ef@&Sif/ yef;wkdif;yifukd pD&ifwwfrl apmif;&ef;jyKokd@ cspfr_n$wfajymif; wGefoHanmif;vsuf/ Oa'gif;
}udK;=um? a&$[oFmukd/ rwm1 nSif;qJ;/ uvl2 rJ;I pGef;&J;usD;euf cifykyfiSufufkd ESpfouf&$ifys/ arG;,k,okd@/
rkef;0&J;acgif/ qifaysmifajracG; ykHaxG;ESKdif;csdef/ bkrRodefjym/ tr#om[k yrmjyKtyf xkdt&yfukd vsyfvsyf
vsifpGm/ pGef@tyf&m[k ynm,Sdrsm; usrf;pum;ukd? ? rSwfom;=uukef vltykH?
2? &ckdifOuUmysHqkd/ {u&wkykd'grkd,f;zGJ h
atmuftmumAGD3 ? 0ga&mxGDI vDwufum;&D &Dxuf+rDESifh? yx0D[k/ xkxkESpfodef; av;aomif;
udef; xuf &Hodef;p=um0Vm/ nDpGm0ef;vnf ausmufxdwnfom;/ vSnfhvnfywf&pf ork'fjrpfrS/ wufopf
+zdK;rl? yZKEMMewf/ wefckd;jrwfa=umifh/ &[wfESifhwif/ pufESifhiifokd@ aumif;uifuom/ ewfawZmjzifh/ oDwm
a&cJ;/ vSpfcGJ;wdrf=um; ,EW,m;puf/ oefvsufvSnfh0ef;/ vnfIxGef;r#/ &pfoef;+ydK;ajzmif/ b&ufa&mifESifh
pufa&mif v#Hwuf/ wvufvufvif; w0if;0if;v#if tkef;tif;xpfarmif; &kdfufacsmif;yJhwif aumif;uiftvkH;
rnf;rnf;zkH;r# &Gmvuv#if tvS=uifwef onf&efarG;rd rodygav &pfacGAsmyg r,frSmukdvGrf; aemifrSmcsrf;cJh
nSdK;orf; 0gv r&&dyGwf ewfvnf;rEkd; &ufudk;q,fvkH; rusKd;&moD vifhumvDonf? oefEGDukefI yZKef
0\umviHh &OD;rnfavm?

1? rwm ] nSmwm (ayg&m%)?


2? uvl ] ESdyfpufnSOf;qJonf/ (ayg&m%)?
3? tmumAGD ] tmumaAG (&ckdifpum;)?
'ga,mAGD ] 0ga,mabG (&ckdifpum;)?
vDxuf ] avxuf (&ckdifpum;)?
&D ] a& (&ckdifpum;)?
+rD ] ajr (&ckdifpum;)?

3? axmifoif;rSL;qkd tjznfhcH&wk 2 ykd'fESifh &ckdifOuUmysH. tjznfhpm ykd'f


(1) rr#aomif;axmif? ? eef;nmawmif0,f/ tacgifpHxm; eef;rif;om;v#if aemifbGm;=uifabmf
ajrmufom;awmfa=umihf rl;armfaojywf zkdvfrSvGwfokd h rcGswf{uef aemifrSm[efum; jznf;oGefavnSif;
pdrfhpdrfh;csif;vsuf tif=uif;0g;EG,f tvS,fvS,fukd pr`,faysmfyg; a&S h0,fxm;I OD;em;xdyfjyif yefqifrwwf
av;jrwf,k, ay;csifvS. q,fqa&$xuf jypfrpufonf? ? vlbufxGufavm =umewfavm?
(2)rvSawmif;atmif pcef;omacsmif0,f jrLarsmifqHoef; jcnfrwef;wnf v0ef;wefaqmif aer
ajymifvnf; ukda&mifv#vnf xGef;awmhonf[k ar$;=unfhysH h&Sm; uGsEkfyfem;0,f pum;ukdom rl;armf&Smr#
}uHumawG;wm/ odcsifarmpG/ oabmqufquf/ ar;umjrGufonf? jzLnufxGwfavmh jymvwfavm?

OuUmysHtjznfh
(3) r&a=umif;aqmif yef;&Smatmifvnf; aemifrl=uHaxG/ pdwfoma0r# ajrmuf{oef1 pGef? o&uQmef2
ar$;avaoG;ysH h=uL/ rOLeH&$if;/ jznf;avoGif;u/ tif;=uif;oaE</ oHao'Z/ *rBvnf;[l vl[kqkda&; a0;
}uD;a0;cJh rmefaoG;&m* &ENewf/ Oyywfv#if [kwfarmxif./ pkHwifpkHbuf cspfwkd@oufonf?
?
jzL&GufxGwfav n0wfav?
1? {oef]ta&S@ajrmufaxmifht&yf ({oEMH ygVd)
2? o&uQef] pENul;ESpD? 4if;o&uQefonf om&*EMygVdrS ysufI o&uQefjzpfonf]tESpfeH@omqdkvdk onf?

OuUmysH. (12) v&moD&wk


aZ,EWK- earmw\
earmw\ b*0awm t&[awm orRmorK'<\wd
waygif;v

a[refukefajymif;/ vwaygif;vnf;-csrf;aqmif;vGef/ 0drmefonfEGHumv/ waygif;vmv#if/ &GufusifawmifvD


xu/ }uGD&Gufusyifwum/ yGifh&mEkqif/ yifwdkif;ajymifonf/ ajcmufa&mifodk@csDjzmcJh? =unfhcsDaomfvGrfzG,fwd/ yGifhoD;wum/ yifwdk@rSmvnf; uHk;oG,fES,f csdefcg-tnDnDodk@/ =unfho'd-vGrf;avmufbG,f/

waygif;vv#if/ &Gufusif-&wkEG,fu/ ukefonfEGm;onf-[efrjym;/ nSmpdrf;&Sdwl/ iGdwlyef;=uGufem;odk@/ a'gecswW&m a0,m usuf&kH;/ *rkef;pHum;/ qufoGm;-ZDo0gESifh/ aemfZmonf aZmf*sDyef;/ yHk;nuf=uefonf cwWmyef;acguf&rf;ESifh? jryef;ayGvkvm/ vDAGDoif;xkH;/ awmifvHk;-rD$;}udKifvmr#? rOPLom- yef;xif&Sm;/ uGef;bdqif+yD/
ikH;&D$ifyef;o#d&m;wkd@? ukH;oG,fxm; - ESifhtwl/ a[rmefcsrf;aqmif;/ waygif;tm;ukd,I? omEk[l-uHhaumf
yef;/ yGifhrsKd;pkHjyef/ *d rSmefwefaygif;qef; (I) um;pGrf;pGrf;onf- qGwf,lI/ q,facsmif;xdyfrkd; bkef;v#Hwkd;onf
&Sdckd;awmif;yef.vnf; ?
wefcl;v
&Sdckd;awmif;yef bkef;awmufoHukd uGefav#mufcrnf/ waygif;onf - &wkukef txuftpGef; wefcl;
qef;onf tvGrf;rD;ES,f ykH.? ckwlpkHr&om [Hom0wD ppfjrDol hcrf;0gY eDjzL0gyef;rsKd;pkH xGufpm&if;aomuf
jcif; aumufujrL;ckefxuf? xuf&yfpkH-v#if0g+yD; ypPKefuvm okd hcsdefcgukd? vGrf;'grrloD;avmh? &yf0D;ol@&yf
+rDawm&*kH0,f/ abmifpkHusD;isufjrnfu-pdwfrwnf - vGefavmufonf;/ armifvnf;ol hcGif &ocif0,f rSD;
o#ifESifhrwlwnf;vnf/ rsm;&ufysL; - 0D+cDacgif/ &uQrDKif/ &ckdifjynfa&mufatmifwnfh? waxmifonf - t
jrifvif;/ jrifhr_dxGwfacgif av;a,mufarmifonf? bkef;acgifod=um;rif;avmh? csufcsif;ykd@qufvm/ &ckdfifnGef@
zl;/ ajrmufOD;&$DjynfomY? rsm;pGmonf &$DvDSaygif;/ od*Fe'D/ eef;awmifqD0,f/ &SDvSDrif;q,facsmif;Y/ waomif;
aomif; - aysmfpOfcg/ wlpkH&l=unfhvmonf/ o}uF Heftcgwnfhvnf ?
uqkHv
wefcl;ukefjyef/ wmo}uFefvnf;/ vGefvwfrnf/ ckqef;onf- uqkHvarmifa=umifhpdwfyl/ r$D;ol-w'g ou/
pdrf;a&mifjr-yifwum/ yGifh&mElaqmif/ yifukdif;ajymifonf/ jra&miftv#Hjzmokd h? =unfcsDaomf/ &lbG,f
wDuqkH&D;oGef;/ rkd;yef;- yGifhvmbdu? pdwfowf- ndK;ylqm/ +cdK;om;Zifa&mf/ pdwfdylav#mufjyefvmu/ xHkrGm
&monf? ovGefxuf/ nOfhav;,mrfrSm w,mrfr#rpufwnfh? ? }uHwGufq - eDpOfcg/ uqkHvrkd;/ xpf}udK;
qufoGef;vmu? arvGrf;onfhtcgukd/ ypPKefbkHv#if/ +ydK;jyufqifonf/ aumif;cif-v#yfa&mifjcnfrS/ &l=unfh
onfckcsdefcg/ aomfwmywfvnf/ a&mifjcnf- waxmifjzmokd@ yGifhvmonf? eDrif;jrwf/ jryef;jryif/
jrEkqifonf/ ewfo#ifjrif;ysHv$wfu/ qGwfqGwfr#+yHK&,foGif? A,fuwif/ qkrf;/ zrf;}udrfvkH;ESihfyifwnfh? vuf
,mwGifpGJoHv#ufrkd;ewfbkef;o#if/ uyGJqifonf/ aysmf&$ifjcif;ESifhxGufu/ +ydK;+ydK;jyuf- v#yfa&mif0g/ uqkHvrkd;/
xpf}udK;qufoGef hvmonf? arwkd hvGrf;&mwkd hvnf ?
eH,kHv
ewfom;ypPKef/ ujrL;ckefonf/ uqHkvvGef/ ay:qef;jyef-eH,kHv/ ork'DvD&Sif/ awmifvDwifonf? aumif;
cifrSdKif;pDusr#/ qufoGef;us&GmjyefvSm/ aomif;u|ef;ZrKL/ vlolrsdK;av;jzwfwdk@/ xGefoGm;&Sm-u|JEGm;wyf/ pHk+cD
awmawmif/ vkyfaqmifrsdK;csvwfu/ qGwfqGwfr# vGrf;avmufpD/ usD;iSufom;jyif;/ +rD0,feif;I rdaemuf
ysHvdkufvDavmh? rysHvdk-wtt/ awmifcsif;,SufIukef/ awmfpHkpJcG GJ=u./ csdefumv-eH,kHcg/ rdk;yef;ukefaqmif/
yifwdkif;ajymifonf/ v#yfa&mifw0g0gESihf/ =unfhcsD&m-vGrf;bG,fxd/ jrif;rdk&f,k*ef/ cspf=uif[efa=umifh/ tvGef
eDrcsdwnfh/ pdwfowdwm;rqnf/ ovGefbHkom/ pufrGd&mrSm/ yZma,mifeDwwfrnfwnfh? rGD;r,fawmf-abmf
om;csif;usD;aumifa,mifyif/ TnOfhwGif0,f/ bHkcGifovGefxufY/ pHk&pf,Suf-cspfyef;qif/ nOfh0,frufonf/
tdyfrufa,mifyif/ rxifwnhf/ usD;aumifyifEdk;vwfjim;/ 0efvnfrdk;}udK;/ wAdk;wGefoH=um;cJh/ =uufrsm;
vnf;-aomif;aomif;wGef/ armifum;rvm/ pufrGm&m0,f/ vdyfjymjyKonfrSefavmh? }udrfq,fzefwrf;w
um/ eH,Hkvrdk;/ +zdK;+zdK;oGef;usvmonf/ arwd@k vGrf;&mbdk@vnf ?

0gqdkv
eH,Hkukef;crf; 0gqdkqef;onf rdk;umvonf &Gmomrm- &GmpDoHnHhrpJ tvdkvdkyif jryef;qifonf aumif;
cifxpf&dkuf}udK;r# vGrf;[efonfh pdwfqm0DajcmufypfvGwfpif vSrsdK;o#ifonf jrpifarmifa=umifh0DcJh/ vS
t*FgnD-jymndK@ndK@/ t&nmuif awm&yfcGifo,f o#ifyifax&frsm;aygif;wdk@vnf; 0g0ifb@kd -eD;vwfjyef w
zefr0if olZmvifonf rdk;rif;axmufjyif;xefcJh? bHka0,H xuf,H=um; ESKwfxnfhaomyHk/ ypPKefrdk;ewf om;udk/
arxdyfjzm;q,facsmif;wif a'0grdk;rif; csufcsif;ppDcsifI/ bkefo#ifonfro0gypPKefrdk;onf &Gm&dk; qufoGef;
us./ csrf;tD;jr-bHkovGef armifrvmbJpuf&mxJ0ifusefcJh csrf;0Sef@onf vGef;avmufwnf; jypfpufrsuf&nf
rqnfEdkifw&Sf&SfESifh/ rdk;rsm;qufoGef;vm &GmpDoHnHrpJ wD;r_wfoH0g awmr_wfumonf 'ky`g+cdrhf&ifoJESifh
armifr[donfhrpufwwf ovGefbHkom pufrGD&mrSm rpufygbJ wa,mufarmifa=umifh odkifacgifvHk;vHk;vGefcJh/
=uufrsm;vnf;aomif;aomif;wGef wD;r_wfvif;cGif; }uD;eif;armif;cwfoHvnf; O=owGefzdk;acgifusL;
armifa=umifhpdwfyl rGD;olrtdyfrl;wnfh vGefaysmfjrL;-wumum oH0gysHusL; usD;iSufjrL; wGefvmonf? 0gqdk
tcgwnfhvnf ?

0gacgifv
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&cdkifom;twGufum; tqef;r[kwfygacs? a&vkyfom;rsm;twGuf omref ig;zrf;ud&d,mrsm;om jzpfonf?
xkd@a=umifh I iapE_dufjcif;ESifh iapcsif;rSm &cdkifwkd h. "avhobm0ukd aumif;pGmyif xif[yfay:vGifapav
onf?
&ckdif"avh/ &ckdifxkH;pH/ &ckdifuAsm/ &ckdiftawG;/ &ckdifhykHjyif/ &ckdifwkd h. vlaerlb0 pHonfjzifh _axmifhpkH
yg0ifa=umif; avhvmawG@&SdEkdifayonf? iapEldufjcif;ukd trsm;tm;jzifh &moDaumif;aompyg;ay:csdef aiG
ay:csdefrSonf o}uFefyGJt+yD; rkd;usonftxd ujyavh&Sd=uonf? iapq&monf yxrOD;pGm aus;&Gm
&Sdvl}uD;ol rukd wif;ykd@&onf? =oZmwduUr&SdwpfOD;OD;. tultnDjzifh uyGJjzpfajrmufatmif pnf;&kH;&onf?
iapq&mtwGuf uefawmhyGJ tygt0if aiGa=u;taxmuftyhHtwGuf tqdkyg pnf;&kH;aqmf=oolu
aiGa=u;aumuffcH&onf? apwemtavsmuf ujyjcif;jzpf&m aiGa=u;onf t"dur[kwf? rsm;aomtm;jzifh
rsufvSnfhyGJuJhokd h ajr0kdif;oufoufomjzpf&m aiGa=u;tukeftus odyfrsm;vSonf r[kwf? okd hjzpf&m iap
yGJjzpf&ef twGuf tyef;r}uD;bJ vG,fvG,fululyif atmifjrifpGm +yD;pD;avh&Sdonf?
i apyGJjzpfajrmufatmif pnf;&kH;ol. aqmf=or_a=umifh iapy&dowfonf }udKwif zsm=urf;cif; xm;aom
ajruGufokd@ 0kdif;tkHa&mufvm=uayonf? vlpkHavmufaom tcsdefusa&mufaomtcg iapq&monf
txufwGif azmfjycJhaom t0wftpm; tqiftjyifrsKd;jzifh iapyGJokd@0ifa&mufvmawmhonf? iapq&m
onf zsm=urf;ay:wGif toifhjyifxm;aomqefwpfjynf / aiGig;rwfESihf xnfhxm;aomiSufysmfyGJ tkef;yGJ
uefawmhyGJESifh ewfjrwfrsm;tm; ajrmufum ajrmufum ylaZmfuefawmh&onf? xkdokd huefawmh&mJwGifatmifyef;a&avr*Fvm / atmifnGef hjzmau
atmif&mukdvSef; / atmifr armifrSm
atmifonfhyef;ukd / atmifyef;ukdyef
atmifarmif;oHeJh / wGef;yauav
atmifjrif-atmifapcsufau---- tpcsDaom y%mrqkawmif; yXmeukd &Gwfqdk&onf? Tokd@ y%mrqk
awmif; &Gwfqkd+yD;aomtcg pnf;0kdif;om;jcif; jyK&onf? owfrSwfxm;aom pnf;0kdif;twGif;okd hrnfolr# 0if
a&mufcGifrjyKay? rzG,fr&m/ r[kefrrSefvkyf=uHI y&dowft}udKuf [oaESmum jyKvkyfajymqkd&I ab;&eft
aygif;rSuif;a0;&ef pnf;om;&jcif;jzpfonf[k qkdonf? ewfaumif;/ ewfjrwfwkd htm;uefawmhjcif;/ raumif;
aom rdp>mtzsuftqD;wkd@twGuf pnf;om;jci;f+yD;onfhtcg bk&m;/ w&m;/ oHCm/ &wem jrwfokH;yg;ESihfw
uG rdbq&morm;wkd@tm; uefawmh&onf? aemuf iapcsif;ukd oDqkdI iapyGJukd pwifawmhonf?
iapyGJed'gef;rSm Tokd hwnf;
"nompnf/ a&$ckdifjynfrSm/ &Gmi,f&Gm}uD; / toD;oD;eJ h/ t}uD;auti,f/ t&G,ftvwf/ omcsif; oHau
um&efpyfvkd h/ emcHygav/ &mZ0ifukd/ ykHjyifxkwfvkd h jyrav;

Tokd hom,memaysmfzG,f ed'gef;oG,f+yD;aomtcg iapq&mon iapZmwfvrf;ukd ujyawmhonf?


tcef;tvkduf rlvuyif tqifoifhcif;usif;xm;aom uyGJ0ifypPnf;rsm;ukd tokH;jyKI tqifhqifhujy
&ayonf? ig;&Smaomtcef;Y ig;,ufoJhukd tokH;jyKI ig;&SmykHo&kyfukd tqkdtajym [eftrlt&mESifh o&kyf
aqmifonf? avSmfwufwpfacsmif;ESifh avSavSmf[efjyKvkyf&onf? qefzGwfcef;a&mufygu aus;vufrdefrysKd
wpfOD;toGif trlt&mjzifh o&kyfaqmifjyefonf? &Sifhbk&ifxGufcef;okd h a&mufaomtcg wpfcsdefuqefzGwfcJh
aom qkHukdarSmufum &mZyviftjzpf tokH;jyKif qkHaygwGif [efygygxkdifI bk&ifvkyfjyefonf? &Sifbk&if[l
onfrSm wpfa,mufwnf; vkyfI r&/ rSL;rwfaoemywdyg&+rJ? okd hjzpf&m wpfcsdefwnf;wGif bk&ifvkyfvkduf/
trwf}uD;avjzifh av#mufxm;vkdufESifh tu,f'rD_H;avmwfatmif o&kyfaqmif&avonf? i apcsif;jzifh i
apuukd [efcsufnDnD o&kyfaqmifujy&aom i apq&m/ i apwwfrSm pkdif}uD;ywfywfvnfI arm[kduf
ae&Smavonf? =unfh&aoltzkd hum; yg;pyfydwf&onf r&Sd? ysif;&dzkd hrjrif/ tlwufwr# &,farm&avonf?
txl;ojzifh ig;&Smcef;rSm e,ftESH@ c&D;xGuf&Smae&aom tcef;jzpfI a'oEW&mA[kokw tpkHpkHudk uAsm
oDcsif; pyfqkdxm;onf? y&dwwfrysif;&datmif; &,fp&m[moaESmum ujyaom tcef;rsm;vnf;yg &Sdonf?
iap&Smzkd hxGufuwfar rwfu OD;uxkdif uykdifom;ukd eaemif;ukdif/ v_dif;t}uD;vmau wyfudkwJhwJh
wyfrESJ@cGyf ti,fvmau ightwGufxm;
4if;tydkf'f. t"dy`m,frSm ig;&Smzdk@xGufawmhr,ff/ rif;u OD;uxdkif+yD; v_dif;}uD;}uD;vm&if avSmfwufjzifh
v_dif;OD;ukd&kduf ightwGufawmh v_dif;ti,fukdxm; [lIfjzpfonf? i apq&mu olonf ZeD;r,m;ukd }udKuf
onfoabmukd apmif;yg;&kyfjcnfqkdI toufr&Sdaom v_dif;ukdwufrjzifh&kdufowf[lI Oyrm,jzifh
[moaESmum zGJ hqkdo&kyfaqmifjzif; jzonf?
tjyif ig;rsKd;pkHaom acsmif;wpfacsmif;okd@ a&mufaomhtcg acsmif;aumufaeI avmif;ukd
ajzmiffh&rnftpm; avmif;aumufvkd@ acsmif;ukdajzmihf [kIvnf;aumif;/ avSukd uyf&efvkyfaomtcg
avmif;ukdcsnfzdk@ urf;xmifh (acsmif;urf;) ukd,lcJh [lIvnf;aumif; ig;azmif&kd;ukd uavmifwHig; [lI
vnf;aumif; ig;ylwif;ukd ukd,f0efonfrig; [lIvnf;aumif; pum;ajymif;/ pum;jyefrsm;jzifh i apq&m
. tm0dZmef;&$ifoavmuf ajymqkdujy o&kyfqmif=uay&m =unfh_&aomy&dowftzkd@ tlwufrbufw
aomaom &SdvSonf?
&ckdifbk&ifrsm;vufxufu ysif;&d+iD;aiG hawmfrlaomtcg pdwfESvkH; =unfvif&$ifjyHK;ap&ef T i p
E_dufyGJ ukd eef;awmftwGif; cif;usif;jyoapcJhonf? wpfenf;tm;jzifh eef;xGif;jyZmwfyif jzpfonf? aemif
aomfum; +rdK hxJ&GmxJwGif tysif;ajy =unfh&SifyGJrsm;tjzpf ujyvm=uonf? ,cktcg &ckdifjynfe,ftESH@
rawG h&awmhay? &rRm0wD/ &rf;+AJuGsef;wGifum; raysmufrysuf xdrf;odrf;xm;qJjzpfonf? trsm;tm;jzifh i
apcsif;rsm;ukd avhvm=unhfaomtcgYvnf; &rf;+AJu|ef;a'oD, pum;rsm; a&maESmyg0ifa=umif; awG@&I
aESmif;ydkif; i apcsif;rsm;udk &rf;+AJom;rsm;yif a&;pyfcJhrnf[k ,lq&ygonf? ouU&mZf 999-ck
avmif;=uufpm; i ulovtrwf}uD; pyfqkdcJhaom i apcsif;udk &cdkif&mZm0ifopfusrf;rS xkwfE_wfazmfjy
tyfygonf?

i apcsif;
(1) udk;&mudk;q,f udk;ck0,fyif/ i wGifpa&/ napwkef;cG/ jynfrrwfu|ef/ [efyefaumif;pP/ u|ef&nf
aumif; onf yg&J;b?
(2) [kwfwnfh vifcsm/ vifEGJ@aESmif;/ vifaumif;qdkonf/ aumif;vwfrnf/ i pnf,lol/ ESma&mifjzLudk/
armifjzLusHK;I/ r&wum; yg&J;b?
(3) ipnfayguf/ ig&aumoDrSm &SDavonfvnf; yg&J;b?
(4) aus;uwkyfyif&if;/ i pnf;wGif/ eif;avarmifrif;/ wpfa,mufcsif;ESifh rDarmif}uD;? eifcsD;&D;rSm/ wl&Gif;
iSm;acs/ wl&Gif;r&/ &efwif;&Sm/ c&mpdk;rnf tdkrdef;r/ eifhrdarmif}uD;? eifhOD;&D;rSm tdk;ysnfiSm;acs/ tdkysnf
r&/ &efwif&Smr&mpdk;rnf tdkrdef;r/ pnf,l,lema&mifjzLudk/ armifjzLusHK;Ir&wum; yg&Jb?
(5) om;yg&Judk/ ausmif;rSmrxm;/ tdrfrSmxm;I/ &Sifrsm;jyKrnf }uHygonf? tacgif;udkifvnf/ tacgif;r&
&rf;&rf;wum;/ yg&J;b?
(6) t+rD;udkifvnf t+rD;r&/ &rf;&rf;wum; yg&J;b?
(7) vrleDawmif&dk;/ ,myHk;qdk;rSm/aygufwpfck&Sdavonfvnf; yg&J;b?
(8) [kwfonfvifcsm/ vifEGJ haESmif;/ vifaumif;qkdonf? aumif;vwfrnf / ipnf,l,l/ aESma,mifjzL
ukd/ armifjzL usKH;I r&wum; yg&J;b?
(9) bD/ bkd;/ eef;okH;/ vrefwkef;wGif/ tjci;fokH;q,f/ jyvwfrnfvnf; yg&J;b?
(10) tif;0yk*H/ EkdifiHa'o/ jynfokH;cGwGif;/ aygufwpfck&Savonfvnf; yg&J;o?
(11) [kwfonfhvifcsm/ vifEGJ@aESmif;/ vifawmif;qdkonf/ aumif;vwfrnf ipnf,l,l/ ESma,mifjzLuk?
armifjzLusKH;I r&wum; yg&J;b?
(14) ukvm;weftzsm;/ ulvufem;wGif/ aygufwpfck &Sdavonfvnf; yg&J;b?
(15) taemufrSmvnf; yp&mt=um;/ tlcsmrsm;wGif aygufwpfck &Sdavonfvnf; yg&J;b?
(16) [if;rpm;orD;/ [efvkH;}uD;ESifh em;amif;0wfum/ uIvmonf/ 0g;vnf;wpfcsuf/ vrefawmwGif
ajymvkdufvsuf [wfonfhvifcsm/ vifEGJ@aESmif;/ vifaumif;qkdonf/ aumif;vwfrnf/ ipnf,l,l/ ESm
a,mifjzLukd/ armifjzLusKH;I r&wum; yg&J;b?
(1&) acgif;ukdukdifvnf;/ &rf;&rf;wum;/ t+rD;ukdvnf; &rf;&rf;wum; yg&J;b?
(18) i pnfom;udk/ wefatmifrpm;/ tvGefpm;vkd h/ uHaumufacs;&nf ,kdvwfrnfvnf; yg&J;b?
(19) [kwfonfhvifcsm/ vifEGJ haESmif;/ vifaumif;qkdonf/ aumif;vwfrnD ipnf,l,l/ ESma,mifjzLukd/
armifjzLusKH;I &ownHhav yg&J;b?

14? e&ywd}uJD;ESifh oufolZm tvSbGJ h


ajrmufOD;eef;qufwGif oD&dok"rR&mZmonf ouU&mZf (1000) jynfhESpf e,kefvqkwf ESpf&ufae@ ewf&Gm
pH+yD;aemuf om;awmf tdrfa&S@rif;jzpfol rif;pae eefwufonf? rif;paevnf; eef;wufIr=um rDyif
ausmufa&m*gjzpfojzifh r,fawmf rdzk&m;ewf&Sifr,f. tpDtrHjzifh eef;awmfta&S@ajrmufaxmifh urf;em;
0if;cpm;t&yfokd@ ,m,Dajymif;a&$@I pHaecsdefwGif tqdyfcyfvkyf}uHjcif;ukd cHvkduf&ayonf? Tenf;jzifh
&ckdifjynfY ouU&mZf wpfaxmifjynhf 0gqkdvqef;ajcmuf&uf =umoyaw;ae hwGif omuD0ifrif;&kd; eef;quf
jywfcJhavonf?
rif;paeewf&GmpH+yD;aemuf avmif;=uufpm; iukovtrwf}uD;onf rdzk&m;acgif}uD; ewf&Sifr,f. tult
nDjzifh ajrmufOD;+rdK@xD;eef;ukd qufcHonf? e&ywd[laombGJ@ukd cHawmfrlonf? xkdrif;onf rdrdtm; awmf
vSefykHuefrnfukd pkd;&drfvGef+yD;/ rif;aqGrif;rsKd;/ rSLrwfynm&Sdrsm;tm; ntcsdefwGif wdwfwqdwf zrf;,l owf
jzwfonf[k qkdayonf? xkd@a=umifh &ufpufoltjzpf &ckidforkdif;wGif rSwfwrf;wifcH&oljzpfonf? okd@aomf
e&ywd}uJD;onf &ufpufaomtoJESifhtwl El;nHhaysmhaysmif;aom ESvkH;om;ykdif&SifwpfOD;vnf; jzpfa=umif;ukd
&cdkifpmayorkdif;wGif rSwfwrf;wifjcif;cH&aom tcspfZmwfvrf;wpfckd &SdcJhayonf?
xkde&ywd}uD;rif; pkd;pHaeaomumv ooU&mZf (1000) cef@wGif taemufrZPsdDra'o yqmjynfY
rif;acgifa&mif rif;jyKawmfrlonf? tkdrif;vwfaomf om;awmf}uD; tdrfa&S hrif;om; wvaomusL ukdwkdif;
jynfukdtyfESif;I rif;jyKaponf? xkdrif;om; wvaomusL onf rw&m;jyKusifhaoma=umifh nDawmf
ESa&mifpDonf ykefuefaomif;=urf;I rEkdifojzifh eSrawmf oufolZmudk ac:+yD; aemufyg tajcGt&HESifhwuG
&cdkifjynfajrmufOD; a&$+rdK@awmfodk@ cdk0ifvmcJhavonf? e&ywdrif;}uD;vnf; ppfajy;'kuQonfrsm;tm;
aumif;pGmaexdkifaponf? ESa&mifpDrif;om;um; &kyf&nfacsmarmvSyaom ol.ESrawmf oufolZmtm;
bk&ife&ywd}uD;tm; qufoavonf? oufolZm.tvSwGif e&ywd}uD;. =urf;=uKwfcufxefr_tm;vHk;
aysmhaysmif;cJh&avonf? oufolZm. tvStay: ol.ESvHk;om;rS ay:xGufvmaom cHpm;csufonf
uAsmvuFmtvSb@GJtjzpf ay:xGufvmcJhayonf?
(1) ausmfqef;jym;I/ bk&if&Sifyifh/ bkef;awmfyGifhonf;/ aemufcGifrpd>r/ a'opdk;aqmif/ rif;acgifa&mifv#if/
jynfaxmif&Snfvsm;/ tkdvwfjim;I/ om;=o&o/ wvaomusL/ rif;rlaomcg/ usifh&mroifhvifhIjynfol/ vl
wdk@wnD/ ESa&mifpDESifh/ wl+yDppfruf/ ykefuefzsufI/ ajy;xGufoGm;&m/ oufolZmvnf;/ aemufygwnD/
ESa&mifpDESifh/ wl+yDruGm/ &JAdkvfygESifh/ rwf&mcrf;em;/ om;r,m;wdk@/ ajy;oGm;0ifajrmuf/ u|efcHa&mufonf/
v#Hawmfpuf a&$awmf0,faomf0f?
?
(2) pufa&$awmfa&mif/ xGef;v#Hajymifom;/ jynfaxmifaemufrS yqmxdkrif;/ 0ifvmv#if;aomf/ jznfhwif;odrf;
jref;/ &meef;wnfaqmuf/ 0rf;ajrmuf=unfjzL=uifawmfrlI/ &efolrrSwf/ ynwfavjim;/ odrf;jref;xm;onf?
bk&m;qk,lar#mfa&$aomf0f? ?

(3) bk&mqkH,l/ ar#mfawmfrlI/ oufolZmaoG;/ taxG;t}uD;/ rif;orD;udk xHeD;ruGm/ apygawmfxm;/


rd\Hrsm;ESifh/ rsuf0g;pDrJ/ jrwfaxGaxG/ a&$/ aiG'*Fg;/ a&aomfrsm;./ wdkif;om;jynfol/ vl&[ef;tm;
oem;awmfrl/ wdk@bkef;wl./ jrpfvla0csm/ p=umajymif&$ef;/ wifhxlqef;onf? ? &ef0ef;abmfrsm; a&$
vSnhfaomf0f? ?
(4) &H0ef;awmfa&$/ aysmfpHaeI/ wifhaxGvSpGm/ od*Fga&mif&$ef; vGefxlqef;onf/ a&$eef;Ouif/ oyvmxuf/ ae
oGifa&S@wl/ xGufawmfrlu/ v#Hvlajymif0if; &mrif;Asm'dwf/ xdkwHqdyf./ bkef;&dyfawmfonf/ vGefcsrf;=unfom;/
aemufjynfvGefausmf/ &mZmarmfcg/ 'g*gjynfaxmif/ wabmifol&wef/ rif;ywefw@kd / &$ifvGefa=umfpGm/
okdufrSmed'gef;/ usdef;cef;okd@av#muf/ uGsefcHa&mufom;/ Ta=umif;v#m;ukd/ a&$em;av#mufwif/ armfuGef;
qifonf?
? 0ef;usifausmf qef;jym;vSnfhaomf? ?
(5) yv#rf;xifI/h/ xdyfjyifOD;pGef;/ va&mif;xGef;okd@? wkd@uGseftm;vkH;/ ukd,fa&mif;zkH;onf/ wifhqkH;0if;ajymif
vSxGufacgifrl/ jzLa&mifjymxGm;/ a&$tom;ESifh/ jrvm;pdefoG,f/ vukd,fES,fo@dk ? =uifzG,fvSwifh?
ajcmufjypfvGifhI/ vSjcifht&nf/ ajcmufxyfjynfvnf;? &Sdrnfrxif/ jrifv#ifukd,fvkH;/ oufqkH;wdrf;rwf/
cE<mjywfvdrfh/ ewf vnf;rwl/ vlvnf;ru/ b,f'gea=umifh? ? tvSokd hpifvGefoenf;? ?
(6) nOfharmifxifY/ tjyifqJhav;/ 0if;a&mifajy;om;/ i,faoG;&Sdrf;&Sdrf;/ qif;jrpdrf;ukd/ cyfodrf;&Sifvl/ ESvkH;rl
vdrfh/ rOLyef;jrwf yGifa&mifv$wfokd h/ rdjrwfjympif/ oufvkH;=uifr#/ OukH&k// wGifrlonm jra*g,mESifh/ jyKpGm&yf
abmif/ awmifnmZrL/ uGsef;av;qlwGif/ &Sifvl+ydKifzuf/ &rnfcuf./ +ydK;jyufa&mifoG,f/ ao0dbmES,fokd@/
E_dif;qG,fravsmf/ tpkay:wGi pauUmfa'0/ E_wfujywfjywf/ oHcsDv$wfonf?
? b,fewfoifhukd zefo
enf;?
(&) vSpHwifhI/ auo#ifhjrwfESpf/ xkH;uspfvspfESihf/ a&opfrGef;zsif; jrLaw0if;r#/ tqif;a&$a&mif/ cef;vkH;ajymif
om;;/ wefaqmiftwl/ xGm;jymjzLv#if/ rkd;olewfkyfEd_if;rpyfwnfh/ ajcmufxyfwHcGef vSwihf[efESifh ,l*efxdyf
zsm;/ b,fod=um;onf/ rSwfom;ameifwkd h&efoenf;?
oufolZm.tvSbGJ@ukd zwf&l;+yD;aemuf/ bk&ife&ywd. eef;wGif ta&;tcif;wGif cufxef=urf;=uKwfcJhaom
tjzpfoepfwkd@rSm ,kHrSm;oH,o&Sdapavonf? olonf tcspfa&;&mwGifum; oabmxm; aysmhaysmif;
El;nhHoltjzpf rSwfcsufcs&rnfjzpfonf? rdef;rvSwpfOD;.tvS tyukdzGJ@qkd&mwGi pHjyKavmufol jzpfygo
wnf;?

15? 0dZ, ppfatmif{cs


{csif;
ouU&mZf 1070 ckESpfwGi e&ywdtrwfrsKd; rif;qufjzwfI ajrmufOD;+rdK hxD;eef;ukd "edacif;wkH;ndKonf tif;
tm;pkHaqmif;+yD; odrf;ykdufcJhavonf? ouU&mZf 1072 wGif ajrmufOD;+rdK hY xD;eef;opfaqmufvkyfum 0DZ,
&mZtrnfcHI rif;jyKavonf? ,if;odk h ajrmufOD;+rdK hxD;eef;ukd atmifjrifpGm odrf;ykdufEkdifcJHjci;fudkzGJ hqkdxm;I
0dZ,ppfatmif{csif; [kac:onf? {csif;pmqkdukd twdtusrod&Sda&aomfvnf; ynm&Sd ivuf&kH;.om;
ukd,f&H}uD;cifndKjzpfonf[k ,llq&ayonf? ppfEkdifarmfuGef;[kvnf; ac:onf?
T{csif;.xl;jcm;csufrSm &ckdifwkd@.tpOftvm rif;quforkdif;tpukd azmfjy+yD; omuD0ifajrmufOD;
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16? rdyef;&H

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17? &ckdif'kH;csif;
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19? &ckdif&mZ0ifbGJ h
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v#if/ jrpfre'D/ jzmOD;csDom;/ od*D FatmifrsKd;/ owd+rdK hokd@/ ESpfvkd@ompG/ +rdK h"nukd/ ousEG,fzGm;/
oufrom;[k/ tZKEMaoG;/ qif;+idrfhav;v#if/ &efab;vSnfcsdK;/ xD;eef;ysKd;onf/ aomifrkd; rdKif
&ckdifom;a,mifh/ om,mpGav-ompGav/ &ckdifom;av-ompGav? ?
(4) ysdK;onfxD;eef;? ab;ysKd;xGef;v#uf/ bkef;yef;yGifhvif;/ xkdonfrif;rS/ qif;oufig;q,f/
av;zufuG,fu/ aeEG,f&if;csm/ uH&mZmv#if/ yOPem&D / ewfa'0DESifh/ wdrfeDjrifhaqmif; /
ausmuffyef;awmif;0,f/ +rdK@aumif;wnfcJh/ &efcsKd;zJhI/ ESpfq,fhav;ESpf pkd;onfjzpfrS/ pGef@ypf
a&SmifaoG/ +rdK h&SmazGonf? oajy rdKif &ckdifoma,mifh/ ompGav- ompGav/
&ckdifom;av ompGav---? ?
(5) azGonf +rdK@&Gm/ vm;wkHcgY/ odrf&morkwf/ oD&d*kwfukd/ }udK;ukwf+rdK hwnf/ rjzpfonfa=umifh/
a&$&nfv#H0if;/ a&S;a&S;rif;wkd@/ pH&if;Xme/ +rdK@"nukd/ ouUjynfnGef/ wnfvwfjyefrS?
om;rGefajr;anmuf/ pOfrazmufbJ/ &Spfa,mufESpfusdyf/ apm&efESdyfwkd@/ bkef;&dyf0if;0if;/ awZmvif;
onf/ aomif;wGif; rdKif/ &ckdifoma,mifh/ ompGav-ompGavh ? &ckdifom;avopGav?
(6) vif;onfawZm/ vl@xdyfcsmwkd@? uG,fcg+yD;rS/ +rdK@"n0,f/ pENol&d,m/ rif;o'<g[k/
&mZmbkef;jrwf. orkefewfv#if/ apmrGefbkef;[d/ jrwfrkedukd/ }uD;bdawaZmf/ &kyf&Sifawmfukd/
0Sefausmfxkwfacsmuf/ b0*fa&mufr#/ oGef;ajrmufavjim;/ ylaZmfxm;aomf/ okH;yg;ewfvl/
ukd;&mrlonf/ ZrL rdKif/ &ckdifom;a,mifh/ ompGav/ ompGav? ? &ckdifom;av ompGav?
(7) rlonfukd;&m/ &Sifr[mukd/ oGef;umwnfjim;/ xkdrif;om;.// wpfyg;qufr/ ol&d,[k/
wGif=uonfcsnf;? apm&efxnf;wk@d / yOf;ADowfrSwf1 / vGef=uvwfaomf/ rif;rwf&Hzsm;/ pEN&m;v#if;/
cGmjim;a&Smifv$ifh/ uHokH;q,fh0,f/ xD;zGihw
f pfESpf/ pHrjzpfu/ wvSpfpGef@um/ +rdK@eef;&Smonf/ jynfr
rdKif &ckdifoma,mifh/ om,mpGav-ompGav? ? &ckdifom;av/ ompGav? ?

(8) &Smonf+rdK@eef;/ apm&efvGef;um;/ jynf!ef;=unfjzL2 / od=um;ulI/ 0SefqlESef;oD3 /


a0omvD[k/ yl&Domacgif/ +rdK hrsm;aemifudk/ wnfaxmifeef;cs/ pkd;avuv#if/ tJ;0ZD&m/ vSHp=umESifh/
'Dygywful;/ aomif;cGifusL;I/ &kdufcsKef;awZm/ bkef;nGef@jzmvsuf/ &mZmpjENm;/ ukd;qufpm;onf/
rif;zsm;rdKif? &ckdifoma,mifh/ om,mpGav-ompGav ? &ckdifom;av/ ompGav?
1? yOf;ADo ] 25
2? (rluG) apm&efvGef hum;/ jynfnGef h=unfjzL
3?0SefqlESHoD/ a0omvD[k/ yl&domacgif/ 0SefqlE_ef;oD/ a0omvD[k/ yl&domacgif (E_ef;ESef;]Ed_if;yif wkEd_if;/ twl)

(9)pm;onfukd;quf/ pOfrysufwnf;/ awmufxGufxdyfyef/ aemifrif;vGefI/ jynfrGefyl&d/ a0om


vD0,f/ q+ENdark/ +*dK[fpk&mr1 / ouU&mZm/ a&mufaomtcgY/ bmomrwl/ crGD;vl[k/ jrwl+rdKysuf/
xD;eef;wuf./ qufIvSyfysL;/ ajrmufOD;wl;vsuf/ &$ifjrK;eef;rSm q,fESpf=umonf/ atmifcsmrdKif
&cdkifoma,mifh? om,mpGav - ompGav ? &ckdifom;av-ompGav?
(10) =umonfq,fESpf/ vGef+yD;&pfrS/ wvSpfcGma&Smif/ oydwfawmifukd/ wnfaxmifpdk;ajrmuf/
vSyfysL;aemuf0,f/ bkef;armufrm;rm;/ pEN&m;aoG;/ qif;+idrfhav;v#if/ irif;iwkH;/ vl hxdyfzkH;um;2/ a&S;
xkH;rysuf/ prB0ufukd/ o=uZfocsFm/ okH;&mig;q,f/ ajcmufck0,fY/ aeEG,fbkef;pGifh/ xD;eef;zGifhonf/ rsKd;
jrifh rdKif --/ &ckdifoma,mifh/ om,mpGav- ompGav / &ckdifom;av ompGav? ?
(11) zGifhonfxD;eef;/ vl hxdyfyef;um;/ ab;xGef;pHy/ aZmADJZwnf;3/ wdkuvGefv#if/ acwWoifonf/
tjcif;ig;&m/ jynfhwif;&ma=umifh/ yOPmac:wGif/ +rdK@a&$pifukd/ wnfxGifpkd;ajrmuf/ q,frif;aemufY/
bkef;awmufv#HjrL;/ rif;bDvl;um;/ }uHxl;owfv#uf/ rwfrsKd;wufI okH;qufwkdifatmif/ xD;eef;axmif
onf/ omacgif rdKif? &ckdifoa,mifh/ om,mpGav-ompGav ? &ckdifom;av-ompGav? ?
(12) axmifonfxD;eef;/ rwfrsKd;xGef;aomf/ bkef;yef;yGifhoef? jynfaygufuHu/ rif;eefvusfm?
rsKd;ousmukd/ &mZmpnfol/ yHhaxmufwlI/ ysLESifhwvkdif/ odef;pHv_dif;vsuf/ rkef;wdkif;iv#if/ awmfvJtifokd@
/ ajrjyifoGufcg/ rOf;ocsFmEsihf/ qXpwk*H4/ aumZmckwGif/ &efrlokwfoif/ a&$eef;wifonf/ aomif;cGif
rdKif/ &ckdifoma,mifh/ om,mpGav- ompGav ? ? &ckdifom;av-ompGav? ?
1? q+ENdar;cs/ +*dK[fpk&ar ] 91 ckoauFw/ ocsFm&onf? xdkodk@jyefI aumufv#if 319 ckESpfjzpfonf?
2? irif;/ iwkef;/ vlqdyfbkef;um;?
3? aZrdo (24) ESpf
4? rOf;ocsFmESifh/ qXpwk (465 -ck)

(13) wifonfhxD;eef;/ vl hxdyfpGef;[k/ ewfeef;bkHom/ rif;vusfmv#if/ pGef@cGma&SmifxGuf/ +rdK havmif;


=uuf0,f/ jzL&Gufjzef@rkd;/ okH;ESpfpkd;vnf;/ aumif;usKd;r[d/ jzpfvwfbdu/ tXdq/ pwk&m[k 1/ aumZm
a&muf}udrf/ cg&efedrf0,f/ y&def+rdK@opf/ axmifumvSpfI/ okH;ESpfpHaomf/ ewfxHaysmfonf/ jynfaxmif
?
rdKif/ &ckdifoma,mifh/ om,mpGav-ompGav ? &ckdifom;av-ompGav?

(14) aysmfonfewfxH/ xkdrif;vGefu/ ig;wef@xD;vSpf/ aESmifqkH;ESpf0,f / aomif;xkdufxGef;y/ aumfvD


,[k/ ol@b&mZm / rif;r[mv#if/ tOPee'D/ aemufurf;rSDY/ od*+zdK;jyuf/ ajcmufa&mifxGufom;/
wkkzufuif;+yD;/ r[mxD;ukd/ aumif;csD;Ekarmf/ ewfvla=umfv#uf/ ta[mftHhrl;/ wnfxm;zl;onf/ aomif;
? &ckdifom;av-ompGav? ?
OD;rdKif/ &ckdifom,mpGav-ompGav ?
(15) zl;onfwnfxm;/ xdkrif;om;tm;/ od=um;qufo/ vSHysHrukd/ vuf&&efESdrf/ q,fcg}udrfI/
*k%fodrfhbGJ@r/ csD;usL;=uom;/ '\&mZm/ vl@xdyfcsmv#if/ r[mrked/ xGfoD&dukd/ yifhbd,k,/ t*~nK0,f2
ajymif;jyKwnfjim;/ ylaZmfxm;u/ okH;yg;oHac:/ aumif;csD;a=umfonf/ jynfawmfrdKif/ &ckdifoma,mifh/
om,mpGav-ompGav ? &ckdifom;av-ompGav?
?
(16) a=umfonfaumif;csD;/ xkdrif;}uD;rS/ zGm;pD;wquf/ vGefuysufaomf3 o=uZfocsFm/ aema'G,m
ESifh/ yOPma&mufjim;/ rif;zkef;pm;onf? pGef@oGm;azG&Sm/ +cdyf+rdK@&Gmokd@/ wnfumeef;aqmuf/ pkd;tkyfajymuf
I/ wpfaxmufESpfwewf/ rif;rsm;vGefaomf/ 0efwkdusifhcsGwf/ pvif;rwfv#if/ rsKd;zsufvk,uf/
xD;eef;wufonf/ aomifuGuf rdKif/ &ckdifoma,mifh/ om,mpGav-ompGav ? &ckdifom;avompGav? ?
1? td/q/ qwk&m[k (468-ck)
2? yifhbD,k,/ t*~nK0,fqkdu 3/ 3 um&efpyfonf? yifhbd,,k/ t*~nK0,fqdku 4/ 3 um&efpyfonf
3? 529 ckEspf
rSwfcsuf? ? rOoifaemuf iESvkH;xD 15 qufxd 'kwd,yOP+rdK hwGif pkd;pHcJh=uonf?
xkd@aemuftavmrmjzLrif; qufcHonf? avmif;=uuf+rdK@wnfykH pyfqkdcsuf rawG@&?
vuFmwpfykd'g ususefaeonf? okd@r [kwf-aysmufaernf[k xifygonf?

(17) wufonfxD;eef;/ trwfoGrf;tm;/ bkef;yef;yGifhvif;/ rOoif;v#if/ twif/ owfjzwf/ okwfoifvwfrS/


wifhjrwfom,m/ +rdK@yOmukd/ ig;&mausmfvSpf/ av;q,fESpf[k/ wGufppfudef;wGif;/ wnfzefqif;I/
xkd;rif;+yD;aemuf/ q,fhig;a,mufv#if/ razmufrjyef/ &efrsKd;vSefI/ bkef;oefausmf[kd;/ pH=updk;onf/ aomif;rkd;
rdKif? &ckdifoma,mifh/ om,mpGav- ompGav / &ckdifom;av-ompGav? ?
(18) pkd;onf0H=u/

(ysufaeonf)

(19) [lonfobif/ xkdrif;v#ifum;/ eef;cGifokH;ESpf/ pkd;wkd@vSpfrS/ bkef;opfnD;nD;/ rif;rif;xD;v#if/ r}uD;0,/


ouUr#wnf;/ ouUwGufcsuf/ ajcmuf&mxGufwGif/ pGef;xGufav;q,fh okH;ESpf0,fY/ eef;v,fpwif/
&efrsKd;v$ifu/ ewfESifhwEkdif;/ igwkd@wkdif;0,f/ jynfhv_dif;olacg? 0ajymomonf? 'Dyg rdKif/ &ckdifoma,mifh/
om,mpGav-ompGav / &ckdifom;av-ompGav? ?
(20) omonf0ajym/ wkd@jynfa=um0,f/ rif;apmxdyfcs,f? pkd;cg0,fY/ evfjynf(y,f)owfrSwf/
ykdifonf&yfum;/ jrpfjrwfom*D? &wde'D/ 0Jh,mrSDom;/ *ZD&m( *Zkd&m) 'g*g / armufolZmESifh/ AsLv$m (AsL[m)
pr`,f/ qJhESpfoG,fv#if/ ajymus,fyknm? rl',mESifh/ rl,mb'sif/ (rl&mom'sif)/ o#ifrmuif,k/ &uFmrwd/
aZmf*sDw,m/ trnfomonf? jynfcsm rdKif? &ckdifoma,mifh/ om,mpGav-ompGav /
&ckdifom;av/ ompGav? ?

(21) omonftrnf/ +rHKrif;jynfESifh/ oufjynfwoD;/ aomif;xD;[wWd,m/ AuUvm (ouUvm) [k


o#wfo#mpjENmrkwf/ od&dokwfumvem/ o#wW&mESifh/ b*FguwWLa& (AuUvm/ uwWLa&) baxGtmoa&m?
({ua&m)/ wa=umtmoa&mif (t\a&mif) / e,fukefatmifwnf;? a&S@ajymifjrefrm/ pdk;onfrSmvnf;/
rp>m*D&d/ o&ufxdv#if/ xGef;nd0if;ajymif/ bkef;rD;avmifonf/ aomif;acgif rdKif/ &ckdifoma,mifh/
om,mpGav-ompGav / &ckdifom;av-ompGav?
?
(22) avmifonfbkef;rD;/ [kef;[kef;nD;v#uf/ jynf}uD;omvS/ rZPsdrukd/ vuf&pkd;ykdif? &ef;rsKd;csKdif (v_dif)onf/
OD;ukdifxdyfoD;/ xkdrif;}uD;um;/ tHhcsD;pavmuf/ w&mhajcmufwnf;/ ykdif (ykdif;)axmufpHum/ vGef;+yD;umrS/
eef;nmav;q,f? uGsHvGefysufaomf? ESpfq,ftrwf? tysufcGsefI? rvGwftwif;? tm%mcif;onf?
aomif;[Gif rdKif? &ckdifoma,mifh/ om,mpGav-ompGav ? &ckdifom;av-ompGav? ?
(23) cif;onftm%m/ rwfESpfjzmwkd@/ uG,fcgrysuf/ +rdK@avmif;=uuf0,f/ bkef;wufnGef@vl/ &mZolv#if/
quf,la&$;xD;. vGefvwf+yD;aomf/ woDqifhaxmuf/ ESpfqufajrmuf0,f/ ra[muf (rayguf)bkef;rD;/
r}uD;tm;tH/ rif;apmrGefa=umifh/ ESpfrSefwGufppf/ o=uZft/ qowWwGif/ (768) "natmifajr/ taervS/
ysufudef;usonf? &uQ rdKif? &ckdifoma,mifh/ om,mpGav-ompGav ?&ckdifom;av-om pGav?
(24) usonfysufudef;/ tlonf;zdef;r#/ txdef;r[d/ qlbdyGufyGuf/ wcsufjrefrm/ wcgwvkdif;/ olpkd;ykdifv#uf/
,SOf+ydKifczuf/ wjcufjcufv#if / roufrom/ ae=ucgY/ &mZmapmrGef/ a&mufvSmjyefI/ wzef@avmif;=uuf/
wnfvSqufaomf/ &efzufcyfodrf;? uif;+irf;aysmufvGifh/ xD;jzLzGifhonf/ aomif;cGif rdKif/ &ckdifoma,mifh/
om,mpGav-ompGav ? &ckdifom;av-ompGav? ?
(25) zGifhonfhxD;jzL/ qufumxlvsuf/ aerlESpfESpf/ usKd;rjzpfaomf/ wvSpf,if;u/ od=um;jyom;/ rkd;
0a&mifjrL;/ =u,faomuf&SL;okd@/ ajrmufOD;rnfom/ +rdK@atmifcsmukd/ wnfumpifppf/ aornfjzpfvnf;/
ajr;jrpfpOfquf/ bkef;nGef@wufvsuf rysufyGm;pnf/ &Snfvwfrnfudk/ jrifonftrSef/ tqkH;cHonf/ aomif;vkH;
rdKif/ &ckdifoma,mifh/ om,mpGav-ompGav ? &ckdifom;av-ompGav? ?
(26) cHonftqkH;/ ukd,fawmfvkH;ESifh/ &$if+yHK;om=unf/ zvS,fwnfonf/ *k%f&nfv#HjzL;/ ajrmufOD;ay:Y?
ouU&mZfum;/ a'G;jzpfe0g/ owWomwnf;/ pHumokOf;aqmif/ ewf&$Dajymif;aomf/ rif;aumif;q,fwef/
uG,fvGefvwfbd/ jynfyl&d0,f/ bdwf[dxefjyif;/ e*g;rif;v#if/ 0if;0if;bkef;a&mif? uGsef;vkH;ajymifonf/
aomif;axmif rdKif/ &ckdifoma,mifh/ om,mpGav- ompGav / &ckdifom;av-ompGav? ?
(27) ajymifonfuGsef;vkH;/ awZmcsKef;vsuf/ wGufusKH;ocsFm/ &mrm/ qdjENK/ Ao#L}uHKu (893)
a&$bkef;eef;xuf/ e*g;wufaomf? bkef;puf0Sef0g/ yp>drmY? tmmxefjyif;/ ukvm;rif;vnf;/ rwif;0Hhay/
cufatmufacG./ a&$jynfpkd;x/ a&$xD;rSv#if? Elef;urEkdif/? +ydKifoluif;a0;/ oDwif;ar$;onf/ csrf;at;rdKif?
&ckdifoma,mifh/ ompGav-ompGav / &ckdifom;av-ompGav? ?
(28) ar$;onfowif;/ e*g;rif;[k? wkuif;rif;yif/ vGef+yD;v#ifvnf;/ wkdif;cGifa&S;bl/ bkef;nGe@f vlvsuf/
a&,lckESpf/ aESmif;pGef;jzpfom;/ EG,fjrpfomuD/ rif;[m&DwGif/ a'0Dnmaysmf/ usifhrawmfI/ aygif;azmf,Ofyg;/
avmif;=uwfpm;ESifh/ w&m;rod/ oufa&muf+idu/ Zmwdrjzwf/ vifudkowfonf/ aomif;xGwf rdKif/
&ckdifoma,mifh/ om,mpGav-ompGav ? &ckdifom;av-ompGav? ?

20? r[mynmausmf av#mufxkH;vuFm


r[mynmausmfESifhywfowfI txufwGif wifjycJh+yD; jzpfayonf? r[mynmausmfrSm touf (100)
&SnfcJholjzpfI .ynmt&nftaoG;ukd axmufI pmaytajrmuftjrm; a&;om;cJhrnf[k cef@rSef;& onf?
awG@&Sd+yD;aom pmay taxmuftxm;rsm;ESifh wGufqI trsm;tjym; usef&Sdvdrfhrnf[k okawoDwkd@u
cef@rSef; =uygonf?
,ckazmfjytHhaompmrlrSm r[mynmausmftrwf}uD;. av#mufxkH;vuFmjzpfonf? TvuFmrSm a&S;acwf
a&S;tcgu &ckdifrif;wkd hvufxufppfcsD / ppfxGuf ppfwuf&mwGif =oumoavmujzpfom wdrf/ rkd;/ a&/ av
euQwf/ wm&m/ tvH/ qif/ jrif;/ ol&Jponfwkd@ukd =unfh_I a[mudef; rsm;xkwfavh&Sdaom vuFm jzpfonf?
wenf;rSm avmuDynm av#mufxkH;oufoufr#om jzpfayonf? ayrlrSm (10) a=umif;a&; ayrljzpf+yD;
u rS ul xd&Sdygonf? zavmif;csdwfyef;0g t*~ar"mjywkdufrl[k od&ayonf? a[mif;EGrf;ae+yD;I
tcsKd@rSmpmvkH; arS;rSdef aysmufysuf aeay+yD;? ukd trSwf tom;jzifh jyxm;ygonf?

earm w\ b*0awm t&[awm orRmorK'<\?

odavm vlAkdvf/ tHhcsD;qkdydrfh/ uGsef;ndKoajy/ vuf,m aAGxuf/ jzpfaxGedrdwf/ 'kok[dwfudk/ "rRd\&/ Zdeyk*F0g/
xGfousfm./ rdef@rSma&$Elwf/ vmr[kwfvnf;/ avmukwfenf;rSD/ avmuDodjrif ynmo#if[k/ 0ef;usifa=ujim/
owif;jzmonf/ r[mynmausmf/ rif;.rwfv#if/ ewfo0dwm/ pENdrmESifh/ urBmrnfrSwf/ euQwf+*dK[fu/
tm%oE_duf/ ouv[dwfykH/ edrdwfpkHukd/ tm&kH,wWd/ qifcsifndI/ ygVdr*"/ jrrRtvkd/ qkdcJhonfwkid f;/
qef;*kd%f;nDnD/ zGJ@ukef;pDtHh?
? avmuDvlwkd@ rSwfxHk;wnf;?
?
atmifpnf+idrfh+idrfh/ odk;okd;odrfhr#/ rkd;Cf;wdrftxyf/ wD;onfcsyfokd@/ qifwyf+zD;+zD;/ jrif;pD;=uGm;=uGm;/
&xm;wnfwnf/ ajconfaomif;aomif;/ av;a=umif;av;jzm/ av;t*FgESifh/ ,k'<gobif/ r*Fvm}uD;/
xGufcgeD;ukd/ rD;wnfajymifajymif/ a&S@uavmifrl/ ratmif&ay/ rcsDavESifh/ raecsDv#if/ olvufwGifokd@/ ppfrif;
a&muf&m/ wyfvuf,mu/ a&mif0g0if;nd/ avmifwkHbdrl/ [wt\/ &xm;ajconf/ av;rnfysuf_ef;/ wkd h
u_H;I/ olvkH;vkH;ykdif ,lavEkdiftHh/ a&mifqkdifv#Hawmuf/ 0JESifhaemufrSm/ jyjrifvmrl olomtvkH;/ _H;avaom
tm;/ wkdif;um;jynf&Gm/ unmorD;/ qif}uD;jrif;u/ qufvSmotHh/ jycJhukef+yD;/ rD;av;rD;wGif/ a&S@rD;t&dX/
vusfmurl/ *Ztob/ 0JrSm,uQ0def/ t&Sdefv#Hawmuf/ aemufouv/ pnfoifhcsI/ emrynwf/
wdwf[krSwfavmh/ o#wW,k'<&m/ usrf;Yvmonf?
? av;jzmedrdwf/ t&if;wnf;?
r*FvmppfyGJ/ csDrnfhqJY/ &J&J0if;v#H/ atmiftvHvnf;/ aemuf,Hokd@ay/ vnfwkd@acsrl/ ppfajrolu/
ysufxruif;/ wdk@urif;rl/ aornf[lavmh/ ajrblwjAK/ pdkufx+rJjref/ wkd@tvHonf/ a&S@,Hokd@0dkuf/
qkdufIvSJcg/ ol@jynfhrSmrl/ ylZmruif;/ rif;vnf;ao&/ wkd@jynfrSmum;/ vmIwjcm;/ wkdif;wyg;u/
rsm;jym;&efol/
0eftHk,lI/
v,frlykdif;jywf/
usKd;jrifvwfrl/
onfuvlukd/
&mefolcsnf;u
() &mh./ aoemywd/ rwf}uD;qifjrif;/ jrL;ckHv#if;I/ uefeif;csKd;zJh/ jzpfwkHcJhaomf/
riJavvif/ qifjrif;ocif/ bkef;v#if}uD;axG/ =uufoa&vnf;/ wufavopfopf/ ppfvnf;+yD;wkdif/ Ekdif

(?) rcHEkdifacs? ppfysufavI/ aotHhppfrif;/ raovSif;rl/ emjcif;r,Guf/


rSefqufqufonf?
? ESpfcsufESpfwnf/ jzpfjcif;wnf;? ?
rSwfpdrfhwaxG/ wefn;ayGvdrfh/ ppfajrxGufcg/ ppfcsDcgE_duf/ jyvSmwkHay/ qwfqwf
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qifcsifwkd@av/ olp (mf;) pGm rkd;wnfh&Gmrl ygonf&Jruf/ toufvnf;ao/ rGwfodyfavvdrfh/
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waxGvlwGif/ ol0wfqifonf/ ppfwGifwHqm/ 0 (t) vukd/ qD;umwkdifrl/ atmifrnf[lavm/
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wHckd;befa=umifh/ &efwbufol/ r0ef@rlI/ vG,fultom/ atmifav&m./ jzLjympdrf;ndK/ a&$vfdkywfcsKyf/
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usm;aomf// acsrsm;uif;u/ owywd/ ap;ndyifhul/ wufwlykd;[wf/ rsm;jzifhxyfvsuf/ rtyfr&m/
aygufwwfpGmonf?
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jcmhykH/) uefvnf;/ arSmufvkH,Gif;aoG/ opPma&a=umif;/ aoavtrwf/ wpfenf;rSwfavmh/ jzmvufwdrfpGef/
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a&Gjynfolcsif;/ rif;rSL;trwf/ &efjzpfwwf./ wdrfywfywfqdkif;/ oufwHwkdif;wGif/ tv,fcGifu/
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xGufIvmaomf/ awmifnmwifxm;/ rdzk&m;onf/ vlrsm;oeif;/ rif;ukdrcspf/ tjypfrjrif/ rSm;rdusifhvdrfh/
aev#ifESpfpif;/ xGufIvif;rl/ 0Sefjrif;rkH;wkdif;/ cwfcsKd;vd_if;v#uf/ wkdif;}uD;omrd/ "dywdwGif/ pENdxD;&Sif/ Omwif
xGfzsm;/ ewfjynfvm;tHh/ tem;eD&pf/ v,fjzLESpfESifh/ vif;vSpfwaxmif/ ,k*efacgifu/ yefa&mif+zdK;//
xGufonf&Sdaomf/ ydoaE</ pGJaeool/ ysufrnf[lavmh/ ZrLa&$&pf/ aewufopfwGif/ &kyf&SiftoGif jrif; qif
uGsJ EGm;/ qdwf 0ufrsm;u/ vm;ESifhoDw/ yDotqif;/ qkd;&if;&kyfpk/ wckckr#/ jrifvwfurl/ Xmeeef;wnf/
wkdif;a&$ jynfonf? rpnfryif +ydKuGJwnf;? ?
(TwGifum;/ ae.edrdwfukd qkdpum; 4/ ykduf+yD;.?)
'kK&mZ/ pEN&ESihf oodENK/ a0vka&mifjzL/ odw*l[k/ rnfolynwf/ ac:prSwfonf/ ewfENdrm/ +*dK[f
j*[monf/ tmumrkd;0g/ qef;ay:pI/ jraiGa&mifarmif;/ ajrmufokd hapmif;rl/ aESmif;rkd;0oef/ aumif;rnfrSef
./ wpfzefrSwfzG,f/ jynf&Gm0,fvnf;/ &yfq,fvif;atmif/ rD;wnf;avmiftHh/ awmifokd@wpfaxG/
apmif;jyefavaomf/ wkdif;aejynfol/ qmylacsmufcsm;/ a&m*grsm;vsuf/ jrom;ndKvGif/ oifwkdif;&Snfvnf;/
r&$ifjrL;ckH/ ypPKefroGef;/ aoGzD,Gef;vdrfh/ aiG0ef;v#Hy/ bkHeef;vvnf;/ yEM&oD/ wdwdvkH;aph/ jynfonfae@okd@/
csrf;ajrhom,m/ vqef;rSmE_duf/ jrifvmwkHay/ wkdif;aejynfom;/ Oyg'frsm;tHh/ vum;qef;ae h/ }udK;IjrifvSm
q&mykm;/ i,fjrifjim;aomf/ rSL;awmftrwf/ Oyg'fjzpfa&;/ &ufauGjyufjyuf/ qef;wuftuG,f/ ESpfyg;0,f
E_duf/ tu,fESpfqifh/ jrifayvifhrl/ q,fyGihfw&m;/ usihfrrSm;onf/ &Jzsm;apmausmf/ jrwfukd,fawmfY/
ravsmftem/ a&m*gpGJav/ Zd0da+ENvnf;/ ajymif;aoGrcGswf/ csKyfwkd hZmwfonf? ? rif;jrwfukdawmf ta&;
wnf;?

pEN&&mZm/ jrwfa'0gonf/ qef;vmwufI/ qJhig;ae@0,f/ aiGta&mifEGrf;/ ndK;;wpfjcrf;ESifh/ csrf;csrf;


jrjr/ rjrif&aomf/ &n"ywd/ wkdif;}uD;xGfcsm? jrwf&mZmukd/ jynf&Gm&yfom;? vltrsm;wkd@/ jcm;em;r_qef/
,Gef;azmufvSHvdrfh/ wbefxkd@aemuf/ vwnf;armufI/ ajrmufajrmufpGihfpGifh/ jrifjyefvifhrl/ ,cifapmavmif;/
xGfrif;aumif;onf/ ajymif;tHhewf&Gm/ xkd&ufrSmyif/ i,fpGmv0ef;/ tjrifxGef;aomf/ oGef;oGef;jrifh&m/
wkdjynf&GmY/ rSHpGmrSwfav/ }uD;axGtjyif;/ t0ef;jrifrl/ ,cif&Gmjynf/ 0ajymrnfwnfh/ a&$pnfr&kd;/
tv,f+zdK;okd h/ ukd;,lZem/ tpGef;omwnhf/ u,frSav;ck/ vENKukd/ ajrmf_jrifr_/ a&$jynfoldw@dk / a&wlcsrf;
+idrf;/ veeftdrfonf v,fodrfIusnf;/ cg;0,fpnf;r#/ wnif;qkd;qkd;/ jynf}uD;ndK;vsuf/ trsKd;av;yg;/
rGwfiwf&Sm;thH/ &xm;aiGpif/ tv,fwGifY/ jrifonftayguf/ tajymufajymufrSm/ jrwf&mZmudk/ yEMmxl;axG
/ qufa&mufaytHh/ v#Hap0if;jzL/ oDwulonf/ xlcJhta&mif/ xGef;vif;ajymifrl/ Omawmifaeewf/ &Spfavmif;
xGfwGif/ onf;yGwf&wem/ om;&&m./ pENmaiGvm/ xGEf;ay:pwGif/ a&S huwdrfeD/ wefIbDrl/ ,m,DESpfaxG/
usnf;a&oGm;ol/ aumif;rnfwlavmh/ xkdwla&mifajy;/ i=uif;a=u;okd@/ va&;&pfI/ ckd;0Sef@a0S@aomf/ csrf;ajrh
jynfxJ;/ om,m+rJwnf/ jrcJa&mifr$wf/ eef;bkHxGfwGif/ v$wftckd;a0/ jrifjyefavvnf;/ jynfaejynfom;/
vltrsm;ESifh/ rif;zsm;&efppf/ }uD;pGmjzpfonf? ? &Suf&pf}udK;ES,f _wfaxG;wnf;? ?
av;q,fhukd;,kZem/ 0if;0if;0gom;/ pENmrnfrSwf/ vjyom'fESifh +*dK[fjrt*Fg/ awG@csdefcg0,f/ &m
ZmxGfzsm;/ rif;w&m;ukd/ jypfrSm;usL;vGef/ wkdif;pGef&yfae/ vlwaxGwkd@/ raxrJjim;/ jyKrdrSm;vdrfh/ w&m;aysmf
jrL;/ Ak'<[l;[k/ +*dK[fxl;tdrfa&S@/ eef;odrfarG@ESifh/ awG@vaomcg/ jynf&Gmwkdif;um;/ i,frGwf&Sm;tHh/
+*dKvfrsm;q&m/rnfomynwf/ ZD0gewfESifh/ jy\'faiGbl;/ ydif&Snfyl;rl/ rkd;OD;v,faESmif;/ raumif;aomtm;/
pyg;ESrf;0g/ rsm;pGmysufpD;/ wkdif;}uD;a&$jynf/ rpnfryif/ +idKjiifacsmuf csm;/ apmzsm;rif;ausmf/ ukd,fawmfrom/
temawG@wwf/ veefewfESifh/ +*dK[fjrwfaom=um/ &moDe0if;/ wyfjcif;r,Gef;/ rGef;rwnfhrSD/ &SnfrSDvaomf/
blay:&mZ/ e&dEN./ eef;rnmwif/ &Spfaomif;&Sifonf/ usifhtyfvGif;cGswf/ olwkd@nGwfvdrfh/ acgifxGfxGef;pnf/
vrGef;wnf@ukd/ &Snfonfaom=um/ jynf&mZmESifh/ wumvlaygif;/ raumif;=unfacsmif/ rsm;ajrmiftvSL/
qnf;bl;'ge/ ay;a0iSvdrfh/ xkdy&SnfwGJ;/ vrGef;vGJwGif/ &J&Jaom=um/ xdckdufvSmaomf/ ajcmufjzmjzpfuif;/
oG,fEGJ@&Sif;ESifh/ qifjrif;yEMm/ qufa&mufvSmtHh/ a&mifzsmy0if;/ aiGvrif;ESifh/ ,if;aom=um+*dK[f/
wdrfuGsefndKodk@/ ckdcgeD;wGif/ rSonfjrifu/ r&$ifrvef;/ wkdif;cef;&Gmjynf/ rpnfryif/ &Sd+rJyifwnf;/ ,cifaiGom;/
v&xm;ESifh/ ywWjrm;a&mifoG,f/ pae=u,fwkd@/ rkdCf;v,fxdyfjyif/ xd=uusifaomf/ rif;wGifOyg'f/
usdwfckd;ywfvsuf/ vewfeef;bkH/ 0efvSmtkHrl/ r,kHw&m;/ usifhazmufjym;I/ trsm;jybnfol/ tkd;okd@qlonf?
? yl.rD;ES,f r{wnf;? ?
owWowWm/ ,lZemjzifh/ tmumrkd;i/ a&mif+zdK;yonf/ urB=uufoa&/ ,kef;aiGESifh/ +zdKifhawG&SnfrSD;/
a&m[eDonf/ wl+yDa&mifajy;/ &SufIaxG;aomf/ jynfav;rsufESm/ rom,mI/ rif;v#mrif;a*gif;/ rif;aumif;
&Sifapm/ ay:tHhaomwnf;/ a&m[eDa&S h/ ckd;a&mifa0S honf/ ajr0d[du/ Xmeordkfif;/ wkdfif;}uD;ekuQcwf/ uswWdum
=u,f/ a&mifajcmufoG,fESifh/ tv,fywWjrm;/ tyum=uL;/ eef;bkHjzLonf/ wlIe0if;/ xd=ueif;ap/ waxG&m
[eD/ wl+yDruGm/ uswWdum[k/ rnfonfESpfyg;/ euQcwf=um;okdk h/ voGm;yap/ a=umif;ESpfaxGonf/ nDaywkHcg/
0ok"g[k/ r[myx0D/ r[Dwav/ Tajr&kduf[ef;/ odrfhodrfh=unf;I/ jynf}uD;acsmufcsm;/ rGwfodwf&Sm;tH/
e*g;t+rD;/ =u,f}uD;rlv/ o=um;oHaumuf/ a&$ulaygufokd@/ a&mwkH0ifav/ veef;aiGa=umifh/ wkdif;ae&Sifvl/
qmylruif;/ jzifjzif;Oyg'f/ oGm'dewfESifh/ ewfcwfo=um;/ oHawmufzsm;okd@/ aiGom;ooD/ +ydKif&SnfnDrl/
blrDygv/ e&oeif;/ rif;vnf;rom/ jzpf+rJ&ma=umifh/ r[mo=uef/ ac:&efoE<;/ rsKdacgifaq;vdrfh/
aiGaoG;ywWjrm;/ v&xm;ukd/ e*g;rnfom/ tEl&meifh/ 0domcgewf/ vuf,mywfI/ awG@vwf=ucg/
jynf&Gmwkdif;um;/ ysufpD;jim;tHh/ +rD;zsm;rlv/ [\wESifh/ ovd\rSef/ jyKy`goefu/ a&mif0SefowWbbdwf/ v#H

xdyfa&0wD/ Tig;vDokd@/ pENDewf+*dK/ 0ifIckdfrl/ +idK+idKnifnif/ r&$ifndK;acsmuf/ ppf}uD;a&muftHh/


awmufonfhta&mif/ v#Hajymif;rkd;v/ ajcmufvkH;yonf? ykdzko#/ oif;abmwkESifh/ ENKvpuf/ a&mifjcnf
&Sufu/ ajrxuftkyfrkd;/ pkd;onfrif;ausmf/ ewfjynfaysmfvdrfh/ paENmfeef;v/ =u,fzko#ESihf/ ykzkHo#/
ESpfckt=um;/ csif;eif;oGm;aomf/ uGsJEGm;jrif;qif/ rsm;zsifowW0g/ aowwfpGm./ rSwf&mwaxG/ wenf;azGvdrfh/
paet*Fg/ ESpfjzm+*dK[fewf/ jynfcJhywfI/ wowrlv/ a&0w[k/ rnf&xif&Sm;/ xkdokH;yg;wGif/ wyg;yg;xuf/
a&mifwGefjyufu/ ppfrufjrm;ajrmif/ rkdk;avacgifI/ jynfaxmifoeif;/ rif;vnf;v$JaoG/ ajymif;v$Jayvdrfh/
paet*Fg/ bkHomESifheef;/ +ydKifIjrefrl/ wkdif;cef;&Gmjynf/ ig;v&Snfaomf/ ysufrnfr,Gif;/ rrf;.ukd;&m/ jrwfq&m
vnf;/ r=umjiif+ydK ysufpD;+ydKonf? ?

usrf; ukd; pm &if;


1? ukvm;/ OD;?

r[m&mZ0ifawmf}uD;? &efukef/ [Hom0wD/

2? ausmfxGef;/ OD;

jrefrmpmnGefhaygif;usrf;? (1960)

3? pudUpEN/ OD;/

&ckdif,Ofaus;r_rsm;? wkdif;vif; (1969)?

4? pENrmvmvumF&?

&ckdif&mZ0ifopfusrf;? rEWav;? [Hom0wD (1293)?

5? wif;OD;? OD;?

&ckdifrif;orD;{csif;? &ckdifwefaqmifr*~Zif;? wGJ (1) rSwf (4)

6? wufxGef;eD?
(ajrmufOD;)?

&ckdif&moDvkd euQwf? &ckdif/ wGJ (4)

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