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Chưng cất aceton - nước mâm chóp - cafebook.info
Chưng cất aceton - nước mâm chóp - cafebook.info
MUC LUC
Li m au....................................................................5
CHNG 1: GII THIEU VE ACETONE VA QUI TRNH
CONG NGHE....................................................................6
1. Gii thieu s bo..........................................................7
2. San xuat Aceton..........................................................8
3. Cong nghe chng cat hon hp Acetone Nc.........9
4. Chon loai thap chng cat va phng phap chng cat
9
5. S o qui trnh cong nghe va thuyet minh qui trnh
cong nghe
10
CHNG 2: CAN BANG VAT CHAT CAN BANG NANG
LNG.............................................................................14
1. Can bang vat chat..................................................15
1.1 o th can bang Acetone Nc....................................16
1.2 Xac nh ch so hoi lu thch hp..................................17
1.3 Ve ng lam viec...........................................................19
1.4 Xac nh so mam ly thuyet va so mam thc te.. .19
2. Can bang nang lng...............................................21
2.1 Can bang nhiet lng cua thap chng cat..................21
2.2 Can bang nhiet lng cua thiet b ngng tu...............23
2.3 Can bang nhiet lng cua thiet b lam lanh san
pham nh............................................................................23
2.4 Can bang nhiet lng cua thiet b lam nguoi san
pham ay (trao oi nhiet vi nhap lieu ban au).....24
CHNG 3: TNH TOAN THIET B CHNH........................25
I.
Trang 1
O AN MON HOC
B.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1.
Tr lc a kho Pk....................................................39
2.
Tr lc do sc cang be mat...................................40
3.
1. Tr lc a kho Pk....................................................41
2.
Tr lc do sc cang be mat...................................41
3. Tr lc cua
2.
3.
4.
Tnh mam.........................................................49
Trang 2
O AN MON HOC
5.
6.
2.
Nhiet tai.......................................................................65
3.
2.
Nhiet tai.......................................................................70
3.
4.
Xac nh he so cap nhiet t dong san pham
nh en thanh ong............................................................70
5.
Xac nh he so cap nhiet t
nc 71
thanh ong en
6.
7.
He so truyen nhiet...................................................72
8.
9.
Trang 3
O AN MON HOC
Trang 4
O AN MON HOC
LI M AU
Mot trong nhng nganh co s ong gop to ln en
nganh cong nghiep nc ta noi rieng va the gii noi
chung o la nganh cong nghe hoa hoc. ac biet la
nganh hoa chat c ban.
Trong thc te, chung ta s dung rat nhieu dang hoa
chat khac nhau: hon hp nhieu chat hay n chat tinh khiet.
Ma nhu cau ve mot loai hoa chat tinh khiet cung rat ln.
Qua trnh co the ap ng phan nao o tinh khiet theo
yeu cau la chng cat: la qua trnh tach cac cau t trong
hon hp long long, hay hon hp long kh thanh cac cau
t rieng biet da vao o bay hi khac nhau cua chung.
Va oi vi he acetone nc, do khomg co iem ang
ph nen co the at c bat ky o tinh khiet theo yeu cau
nh qua trnh chng cat.
Nhiem vu thiet ke: tnh toan he thong chng luyen lien
tuc e tach hon hp hai cau t : acetone nc vi cac
so lieu sau ay:
Nang suat san pham nh : 1500 Kg/h
Nong o san pham nh : 98% theo khoi lng
Nong o nhap lieu : 30%
Ap suat lam viec : ap suat thng.
Trang 5
O AN MON HOC
CHNG 1
GII THIEU VE
ACETONE VA QUI
TRNH
CONG NGHE
1.
Gii thieu s bo :
Trang 6
O AN MON HOC
Ty trong
: d 20 ;
Nhiet dung rieng Cp
102 0C)
o nht
22 Kcal/mol (chuan
0.316 cp ( 250C)
Nhiet tr
: 0.5176 cal/g ( 200C)
Tnh chat hoa hoc :
Cong hp vi natri bisunfit:
OH
CH3COCH3 + H2O CH3 - C - SO3Na
CH3
( 1-metyl-1-hydroxi etan sunfonat natri )
Cong hp axit HCN:
OH
CH3CO + HCN CH3-C-CN
CH3
( pH= 4-8 )
Phan ng ngng tu :
OH
O
SVTH: TRAN VAN PHUC
Trang 7
O AN MON HOC
Trang 8
O AN MON HOC
xuctac
CH3CHOHCH3 + 15.9 Kcal ( 3270C ) CH3COCH3 +
H2
Xuc tac s dung ay : ong va hp kim cua
no, oxit kim loai va muoi.
nhiet o khoang 325 0C , hieu suat khoang
97%.
3.
:
Ta co Acetone la mot chat long tan vo han trong nc
va nhiet o soi cua Acetone ( 56.9 0C 760 mmHg) va
Nc ( 100 0C 760 mmHg) : la kha cach xa nhau nen
phng phap hieu qua nhat e thu c Acetone tinh khiet
la chng cat phan oan da vao o bay hi khac nhau cua
cac cau t trong hon hp.
Trong trng hp nay ta khong the s dung phng
phap co ac v cac cau t eu co kha nang bay hi, va
khong s dung phng phap trch ly cung nh hap thu do
phai a vao mot pha mi e tach chung, co the lam cho
qua trnh phc tap hn, hay qua trng tach khong c hoan
toan.
4.
Chon loai thap chng cat va phng phap
chng cat :
Chng cat la qua trnh phan tach cac hon hp
long thanh cac cau t rieng biet da vao s khac
nhau ve o bay hi cua chung ( hay nhiet o soi ),
bang cach lap i lap lai nhieu lan qua trnh bay hi
ngng tu, trong o vat chat i t pha long vao pha hi
hoac ngc lai.
oi vi chng cat ta co hai phng phap thc hien
:
SVTH: TRAN VAN PHUC
Trang 9
O AN MON HOC
Trang 10
O AN MON HOC
Trang 11
O AN MON HOC
H i k hong ng n g
N c
8
15
14
P
N c
T
N c
10
5
7
T
N c
11
S an P h am
nh
H i N c
P
12
13
2
N c L o n g
S a n P ha m ay
N g uy e n L ieu
S an P h am ay
Trang 12
O AN MON HOC
Chu thch :
1.
Bon cha nguyen lieu .
2.
Bm.
3.
Bon cao v .
4.
Bay hi .
5.
Lu lng ke .
6.
Van .
7.
Thap chng cat .
8.
Thiet b ngng tu san pham nh .
9.
Bo phan chnh dong .
10. Thiet b lam nguoi san pham nh .
11. Bon cha san pham nh .
12. Noi un .
13. un soi nhap lieu bang san pham ay .
14. Ap ke .
15. Nhiet ke .
b. Thuyet minh qui trnh cong nghe :
Hon hp Acetone- Nc co nong o Acetone 30% ( theo
khoi lng) , nhiet o khoang 27 0C tai bnh cha nguyen
lieu (1) c bm (2) bm len bon cao v (3). T o c
a en thiet b gia nhiet (3) ( trao oi nhiet vi san
pham ay). ay, hon hp c un soi en nhiet o
soi . Sau o, hon hp c a vao thap chng cat (7)
a nhap lieu.
Tren a nhap lieu, chat long c tron vi phan
long t oan cat cua thap chay xuong. Trong thap hi,
i t di len gap chat long t tren xuong . ay,
co s tiep xuc va trao oi gia hai pha vi nhau. Pha
long chuyen ong trong phan chng cang xuong di
cang giam nong o cac cau t de bay hi v a b pha
hi tao nen t noi un (12) loi cuon cau t de bay hi .
Nhiet o cang len tren cang thap, nen khi hi i qua
cac a t di len th cau t co nhiet o soi cao la
nc se ngng tu lai, cuoi cung tren nh thap ta thu
c hon hp co cau t Acetone chiem nhieu nhat ( co
nong o 98% theo khoi lng ). Hi nay i vao thiet b
ngng tu (8) va c ngng tu mot phan ( ch ngng tu
hoi lu). Mot phan chat long ngng i qua thiet b lam
nguoi san pham nh (10), c lam nguoi en 30 0C ,
roi c a qua bon cha san pham nh (11). Phan
con lai cua chat long ngng c hoi lu ve thap a
tren cung vi ty so hoan lu toi u . Mot phan cau t
SVTH: TRAN VAN PHUC
Trang 13
O AN MON HOC
Trang 14
O AN MON HOC
CHNG 2
Trang 15
O AN MON HOC
molAcetone )
x F (1 x F )
+
M
M2
1
xF =
=
xD
M1
D
x D (1 x D )
+
M1
M2
0.30
58
0.30 (1 0.30)
+
58
18
= 0.117(phan
0.98
58
0.98 (1 0.98)
+
58
18
=
0.938
(phanmolAcetone)
Trang 16
O AN MON HOC
0.02
58
x w (1 x w )
0.02 (1 0.02)
+
+
M1
M2
58
18
=
= 0.006 ( phan
xW =
molAcetone)
(Chon san pham ay co nong o khoi
lng cua Acetone la 2% )
Tnh Mtb :
Mtb F = xF * M1 + (1- xF ) * M2
= 0.117 * 58 + (1 0.117 ) * 18
= 22.68 ( Kg/Kmol)
Mtb D = xD * M1 + (1- xD ) * M2
= 0.938* 58 + (1 0.938) * 18
= 55.52 ( Kg/Kmol)
Mtb W = xW * M1 + (1- xW ) * M2
= 0.006 * 58 + (1 0.006 ) * 18
= 18.24 ( Kg/Kmol)
Suat lng san pham nh :
D=
D
1500
=
= 27.017 ( Kmol/h )
M tbD
55,52
( 1 ) va ( 2 ) ta co he phng trnh :
F = D + W
F * x F = D * x D + W * x W
F = 27.017 + W
F = 226.84( Kmol / h)
W = 199.83( Kmol / h)
F = 5144.86( Kg / h)
W = 3644.86( Kg / h)
hay
1.1
Acetone Nc :
th
can
bang
Thanh phan can bang long (x), hi (y) tnh bang %mol
va nhiet o soi cua hon hp hai cau t 760 mmHg
( Acetone nc ):
x 0
5
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 10
0
y 0
60. 72 80. 82. 84. 85. 86. 88. 90. 94. 10
3
3
7
2
5
9
2
4
3
0
SVTH: TRAN VAN PHUC
Trang 17
O AN MON HOC
10
0
77.
9
69.
6
64.
5
62.
6
61.
6
60.
7
59.
8
59
58.
2
57.
5
56.
9
ACETONE-N
C
1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
x =pha
n mol acetone trong pha lo
ng
1.2
lu thch hp :
Xac nh ch so hoi
x D y F*
y F* x F
*
Trang 18
O AN MON HOC
b. Ch so hoi lu thch hp :
Cho cac gia tr Rxi > Rxmin e tm cac gia tr tung o
Bi tng ng va ve cac ng nong o lam viec cua
oan luyen ng vi cac gia tr Bi o :
Bi =
xD
Rxi + 1
Tm cac iem a( y= x= xD ), b( y= x= xw ) va ng x =
xF ( song song vi truc tung ). C moi gia tr Bi ta ve c
ng nong o lam viec cua oan luyen va oan
chng .
Nh vay ng vi moi gia tr Rxi ta co so n v
chuyen khoi chung tng ng la mxi.
Ta co bang sau :
Rx
Bi
mx
mx* (Rx + 1)
0.8
0.5211
6.86
12.348
0.9
0.4936
6.00
11.400
0.92
0.4885
5.92
11.366
0.95
0.4810
5.91
11.524
1.0
0.4690
5.89
11.780
1.1
0.4466
5.82
12.222
1.2
0.4263
5.79
12.738
1.3
0.4078
5.74
13.202
1.4
0.3908
5.64
13.536
The tch thap la V = f * H
f : tiet dien thap, m2
H : chieu cao lam viec cua thap, m
Ta biet tiet dien cua thap t le thuan vi lng hi
i trong thap, ma lng hi lai t le thuan vi lng long
hoi lu trong thap, nh vay tiet dien thap t le vi
lng hoi lu .
Tc la f ( Rx + 1 ) * GD
Trong mot ieu kien lam viec nhat nh th GD la
khong oi,
nen f ( Rx + 1).
Con chieu cao thap t le vi so n v chuyen khoi
H mx , nen cuoi cung ta co the viet V = f*H mx ( Rx
+ 1)
T o ta se lap c s phu thuoc gia Rx _ mx * ( Rx
+ 1 ) . Moi quan he nay se cho ta tm c mot gia tr Rx
ma the tch cua thiet b chng cat ng vi no la toi
u Rxth .
SVTH: TRAN VAN PHUC
Trang 19
O AN MON HOC
mxi*(Rxi +1)
Ch
soho
i lu thch hp
14
13.5
13
12.5
12
11.5
11
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
Rxi
1.3
1.3
Ve ng lam viec :
Phng trnh ng lam viec lam cat :
y=
Rx
xD
x+
Rx + 1
Rx + 1
=0.479*x + 0.4885
Phng trnh ng lam viec phan chng:
L 1
Rx + F
xx
Rx + 1
Rx + 1
L
Vi L = 0 = 8.396
D
y=
y = 4.8521*x 0.023
1.4
Xac nh so mam ly
thuyet va so mam thc te :
Do ieu kien nhap lieu la long bao hoa, ta co
ng nhap lieu la ng :
x = xF = 0.117
Trang 20
O AN MON HOC
y 1 x
: o bay hi tng oi
1 y x
Trang 21
O AN MON HOC
5.92
= 13 ( mam )
0.432
Trang 22
O AN MON HOC
CF = xF .Cacetone + ( 1- xF ).Cnc
= 0.3* 2332.62 + ( 1- 0.3 )*4190 = 3632.78
(J/Kg.o )
QF = 5144.86 * 3632.78 68.5 = 1.28010 9 (J/h) = 355.63
(KW)
Trang 23
O AN MON HOC
Qy + Qw + Qxq 2 QF QR
2
= 930 (Kg/h)
Qy + Qw QF QR
0.95* r2
D.Rx .rD
Cn1.(t2 t1 )
(t1 + t2 ) 27 + 40
=
=33.5 0C
2
2
C
3
r 57.3
nuoc = 2425.60*10 ( J/Kg)
rD = 544.31 *103 ( J/Kg)
Trang 24
O AN MON HOC
tf = 27 0C
tF = 68.5 0C
t=
t f + tF
2
= 47.750 C
Trang 25
O AN MON HOC
t 1' =tw = 96 0C
Chon t '2 = 70 0C
t' =
t1' + t2'
= 830 C
2
F .CF .(tF t f )
0.95* Cw *(t t )
'
1
'
2
1500*3606.12*(68.5 27)
= 2184.86( Kg / h)
0.95* 4159.67 *(96 70)
CHNG 3
TNH TOAN
THIET B CHNH
SVTH: TRAN VAN PHUC
Trang 26
O AN MON HOC
g tb
( y * y ) tb
Trong o
g tb : lng hi trung bnh i trong thap ( Kg/h )
(tb * y )tb : toc o hi trung bnh i trong thap
( Kg/h )
V rang lng hi va lng long thay oi theo chieu cao
cua thap va khac nhau trong moi oan cho nen ta phai
tnh ng knh trung bnh rieng cho tng oan : oan chng
va oan cat .
1.
ng knh oan cat :
Nong o trung bnh cua pha long :
xm = ( xF + xD )/2 = (0.117 + 0.938 )/2 = 0.5257
Nong o trung bnh cua pha hi theo phng trnh
ng lam viec :
ym = 0.479 * xm + 0.4885
= 0.479 * 0.5275 + 0.4885
= 0.7412
Nhiet o trung bnh cua pha hi, pha long t gian
o t-x,y:
xm = 0.5275 tx = 60.25 OC
ym = 0.7412 ty = 68.3 OC
SVTH: TRAN VAN PHUC
Trang 27
O AN MON HOC
0.5275 * 58
xm = 0.5275 x m =
0.5275 * 58 + (1 0.5275) *18
= 0.7825 ( phan khoi lng )
O
t x = 60.25 C acetone = 746 ( Kg/m3 )
nc = 983 ( Kg/m3 )
( Bang I.2 So tay tap mot )
'
'
1
xm
(1 x m )
' = '
+
'
acetone
nuoc
x
0.7825
(1 0.7825)
=
+
746
983
= 1.270 * 10-3
= 787.28 (Kg/m3 )
Lng hi trung bnh i trong oan luyen :
tb = ( g + g1 )/2 ( Kg/h )
g : lng hi ra khoi a tren cung
g = GR + GD = GD ( Rx + 1)
= D ( Rx +1 ) = 1500 ( 0.92 + 1)
= 2880 ( Kg/h )
g1 : lng hi i vao a di cung cua oan cat
g1 = G1 + GD = G1 + D
= G1 + 1500 (Kg/h )
c xac
nh theo he phng
trnh sau :
g1 = G1 + D
g1 * y1 = G1 * x1 + D * x D
g * r = g * r
d
d
1 1
( x1 = x F )
r1 = racetone * y 1 + ( 1 - y 1 ) * rnc
r = racetone * y D + ( 1 - y D ) * rnc
SVTH: TRAN VAN PHUC
Trang 28
O AN MON HOC
g1 = G1 + 1500
)
y1 = 0.834
g1 = 1909.448
G = 409.448
1
gtb = ( g1 + g ) /2
= ( 1909.448 + 2880 )/2 = 2394.72 ( Kg/h)
Van toc hi i trong thap :
( y * y )tb = 0.065 * [] * h * x * y (Kg/m2*s )
tb
tb
1
1
+
)
17.604
64.706
Trang 29
O AN MON HOC
2394.72
= 0.901 ( m )
1.042
M m" * TO
29.016 * 273
= 22.4 * T " =
= 0.974 ( Kg/m3 )
22.4 * (273 + 89.91)
y
x = 920.73 (Kg/m3 )
Lng hi trung bnh i trong oan chng :
gtb = ( gn + g1 )/2 ( Kg/h )
g1: lng hi i vao oan chng
SVTH: TRAN VAN PHUC
Trang 30
O AN MON HOC
'
'
'
G1 * x1 = g1 * y W + W * x W g
' '
'
'
g1 * r1 = g n * rn = g1 * r1
Vi W = 3644.86 ( Kg/h )
= 0.02
xW
tb
Trang 31
O AN MON HOC
( acetone , nuoc tra bang I.242 nhiet o ty = 89.91O CSo tay tap mot )
=(
1
1
+
)
15
60.75
1380.97
= 0.756 ( m )
0.853
= 47 ( mm ) = 0.047 ( m )
So chop phan bo tren a :
N = 0.1 *
D2
0.8 2
=
0.1
*
= 29 ( chop )
d h2
0.047 2
47 2 + ( 47 + 2 * 2) 2 = 69.39 ( mm )
Trang 32
O AN MON HOC
i = /c * ( dch
d h2
)
4*b
47 2
) = 44.4 ( khe )
4 * 20
Chon i = 45 ( khe )
Gx : lu lng long trung bnh i trong thap ( Kg/h )
1
* ( G1 + GF )
2
1
= * (409.448 + 5144.86 )
2
Gx =
Trang 33
O AN MON HOC
= 2777.15 ( Kg/h)
z : so ong chay chuyen , chon z = 1
c : toc o chat long trong ong chay chuyen , c =
0.1 0.2 ( m/s )
Chon c = 0.15 ( m/s )
x = 787.28 ( Kg/m3 )
B.
Tnh cho phan chng :
Chieu cao khe chop :
b = ( * 2y * y)/ (g * x )
: he so tr lc cua a chop = 1.5 2 , chon =
2
y = ( 4* Vy )/ ( 3600 * * d2h * n )
Vy : lu lng hi i trong thap
'
Vy = gtb / y = 1380.97 / 0.984 = 1407.83 ( m3/h)
y = ( 4* 1417.83) / (3600 * 3.1416 * 0.0472 * 29 )
= 7.828 ( m/s)
b = ( 2 * 7.828 * 0.974 ) / ( 9.81 * 920.73 )
= 0.0132 ( m )
Chon b = 20 ( mm ) ( 10 50 mm )
Chieu rong khe chop : a = 2 : 7 mm ; chon a = 2 ( mm )
So lng khe h cua moi chop :
tb
i = /c * ( dch
d h2
)
4*b
47 2
) = 44.4 ( khe )
4 * 20
Chon i= 45 ( khe )
Gx : lu lng long trung bnh i trong thap ( Kg/h )
1
* ( G1 + GF )
2
1
= * ( 4405.44 + 5144.86 )
2
G x =
= 4775.15 ( Kg/h)
z : so ong chay chuyen , chon z = 1
c : toc o chat long trong ong chay chuyen , c =
0.1 0.2 ( m/s )
Chon c = 0.15 ( m/s )
x = 920.73 ( Kg/m3 )
SVTH: TRAN VAN PHUC
Trang 34
O AN MON HOC
* d 2 10 lo
4
x n * * dch ,t
y , x : khoi lng rieng trung bnh cua pha hi, pha
long
y = ('y+ "y)/2 = 1.3375 ( Kg/m3)
x = ('x+ "x)/2 = 854.005 (Kg/m3)
SVTH: TRAN VAN PHUC
Trang 35
O AN MON HOC
y'
"y
y =
2
= 0.7441 (m/s)
1.3775 0.5026*0.7441
hmin = 23300*
*
= 0.12 (m) < 0.3 (m)
854.005 29* *0.071
o m lo chop h :
s
y
hs = 7.55*
x y
1/ 3
2/ 3 V
* H s * G
Ss
2/3
Hs = hso = b = 20 (mm)
VG = ( Vy + V'y) /2 = 0.3924 (m3/s)
Ss = n * S3= 29*0.0018 = 0.0522 (m2)
1/ 3
2/3
1.3375
2 / 3 0.3924
hs = 7.55*
* 20 *
854.005 1.3375
0.0522
hs
= 1.24 1 : kha hp ly
Nen ta co
hso
= 24.805 (mm)
Q
= 2.84 * K* L
Lw
2/3
= h
x = 0.226*
= 6.685
Trong o :
QL :lu lng pha long trung bnh trong thap c
tnh nh sau :
+ Lu lng chat long trong phan cat cua thap
:
QL' =
thap :
GD * Rx * M m'
D * Rx * M m'
1500*0.92* 47.648
=
=
= 0.00042(m3 / s )
'
3600* M D * x 3600*55.52*787.28 3600*55.52*787.28
Trang 36
O AN MON HOC
QL" = (
GD * Rx GF
M m"
D * Rx
Mm"
F
+
)*
=
(
+
)*
MD
M F 3600* x"
MD
M F 3600* x"
1500*0.92 5144.86
29.016
=(
+
)*
= 0.00220(m3 / s)
55.52
22.68
3600*920.73
4.722
= 2.84 * 1.12 *
0.48
2 /3
= 14.60(mm)
= Cg * ' *nh
-Chieu rong trung bnh cua mam Bm :
+ Chieu rong cua ong chay chuyen : dw = 0.08*
D= 0.064 (m)
+ Dien tch cua ong chay chuyen Sd = 0.04*F =
2
0.02 (m )
Khoang cach gia hai g chay tran l = D - 2.d w= D
( 1 -2*0.08)=0.84D
+ Dien tch gia hai g chay tran :
A = F - 2*Sd = F(1 -2*0.04 ) = 0.92F
Chieu rong trung bnh : Bm =
A 0.92* F
=
= 0.86 D = 0.688(m)
l 0.84* D
QL
4.722
= 1.34*
= 9.197
Bm
0.688
4*VG
4*0.3924
=
= 0.7806(m / s )
2
*D
3.1416*0.82
Trang 37
O AN MON HOC
So hang chop nh = 5
Khi o = 0.71 * 1.625 * 5 = 5.77 (mm)
Do hm = hw + how + 0.5 =
Suy ra hw = hm - how - 0.5* = 67.5 - 14.6 - 0.5*5.77 =
50.015 (mm)
o Kiem tra s on nh cua mam :
< 0.5 ( hfv + hs )
o giam ap do ma sat va bien oi van toc
pha kh thoi qua chop khi khong co chat long, hfv :
2
y
VG
*
hfv =274* E *
x y Sr
E= 0.65
Nen
hfv
274*
0.65
1.3375
0.3924
*
=
850.01 1.3375 0.050837
16.645(mm)
Do o 0.5*(hfv + hs ) = 0.5 * (16.645 + 24.805 ) = 20.725
> ( = 5.77 )
Vay mam on nh .
tren lo
Trang 38
O AN MON HOC
QL
h'd = 0.128*
, mmchat long
100* S d
Va h'd = 0.128 *
= 0.88
100*0.018
Ta tnh c hd = 50.015 + 14.6 + 5.77 + 0.88 + 74.955 =
147.10(mm)
** Chieu cao hd dung e kiem tra mam : e am
bao ieu kien thap khong b ngap lut khi hoat
ong, ta co :
hd = 147.10 < 0.5 H = 150
4.722
+
Suy ra dtw
how = 14.60(mm)
= 0.8* 14.60* 202.9 = 43.54 (mm)
Trang 39
O AN MON HOC
d tw
0.6
dw
4 * Qy
*v
Qy : lu lng hi i ra khoi nh thap ( m3/s)
Gy
2880
Qy =
=
= 0.470 ( m3/s)
3600 * y
3600 * 1.701
v : van toc hi i qua ong, chon v = 30 ( m/s )
4*0.470
d1 =
= 0.141 ( m ) = 141 ( mm )
3.1416*30
Chon d1 = 150 ( mm )
Theo so tay tap hai Bang XIII-32 trang 434 , chon l1 =
130 ( mm ) ( chieu dai oan noi ong )
2.
Ong dan dong chay hoan lu :
4*Q
d=
*v
Lng hoan lu G = GD * R = 1500 * 0.92 = 1380 ( Kg/h)
G
1380
Q=
=
= 4.869 * 10-4 ( m3 /h )
3600 * x
3600 * 787.28
(x : khoi lng rieng pha long trong oan cat = x =
787.28 Kg/m3 )
Chon v = 0.6 ( m/s )
4* 4.869*104
d2 =
= 0.035 ( m ) = 35 ( mm )
3.1416*0.5
Chon d2 = 40
Theo so tay tap hai Bang XIII-32 trang 434 , chon l2 =
100 ( mm )
3.
Ong dan dong nhap lieu :
SVTH: TRAN VAN PHUC
Trang 40
O AN MON HOC
d=
4*Q
*v
5144.86
GF
Q=
=
3600 * F
3600 * F
4*1.505*103
= 0.062 ( m ) = 62 ( mm )
3.1416*0.5
Chon d3 = 80 ( mm )
l3 = 110 ( mm )
4.
Ong dan dong san pham ay :
d=
4*Q
*v
3644.86
GW
Q=
=
3600 * W
3600 * W
4*1.056*103
= 0.0366 ( m ) = 36.6 ( mm )
3.1416*1.0
Chon d3 = 40 ( mm )
l3 = 100 ( mm )
5.
Ong dan t noi un qua thap :
d=
Q=
4*Q
*v
GW
3644.86
= 1.039 ( m3/s )
" =
3600 * y
3600 * 0.974
Chon v = 35 ( m/s )
Trang 41
O AN MON HOC
4*1.039
= 0.194 ( m ) = 194 ( mm )
3.1416*35
d5 =
Chon d5 = 200 ( mm )
l5 = 130 ( mm )
IV. Tnh tr lc thap
Tr lc thap chop c xac nh theo cong thc :
P = Ntt * P ( N/m2)
Ntt : so mam thc cua thap
P : tong tr lc qua mot mam
phan chng va phan cat, tr lc qua cac a
khong ong eu . Do o e chnh xac , tr lc se c
tnh rieng cho tng phan .
A.
Tong tr lc phan cat :
Tong tr lc qua mot da :
P = Pk + Ps +Pt
1.
Tr lc a kho Pk :
Pk = * y* 20 ( N/m2)
: he so tr lc a kho, = 4.5 : 5 , chon = 5
y = y = 1.701 ( Kg/m3)
o : van toc hi qua ranh chop ( m/s )
o =
V y'
n *i * a *b
0.3911
= 7.492 (m/s)
29 * 45 * 0.002 * 0.02
hh = 14.52*10-3 (N/m)
dtd : ng knh tng ng cua khe ranh :
SVTH: TRAN VAN PHUC
Trang 42
O AN MON HOC
dtd =
4.a.b
4. f x
=
2.(a + b)
H
3.
x
( Tr lc thuy tnh Pt )
Pt = b.g.( hb hr /2) (N/m2)
b : khoi lng rieng cua bot, thng b = ( 0.4 0.6 ).
Trang 43
O AN MON HOC
1.
Tr lc a kho Pk :
Pk = * y* 20 ( N/m2)
: he so tr lc a kho, = 4.5 5 , chon = 5
y = y = 0.974 ( Kg/m3)
o : van toc hi qua ranh chop ( m/s )
o =
chng :
V y"
n *i * a *b
O =
0.3938
= 7.545 (m/s)
29 * 45 * 0.002 * 0.02
hh = 13.39*10-3 (N/m)
dtd : ng knh tng ng cua khe ranh :
dtd =
4.a.b
4. f x
=
2.(a + b)
H
Trang 44
O AN MON HOC
3.
lc thuy tnh Pt )
Pt = b.g.( hb hr /2) (N/m2)
b : khoi lng rieng cua bot, thng b = ( 0.4
0.6 ). x
Chon b = 0.5*x = 0.5* 920.73 ( Kg/m3) = 460.365
( Kg/m3)
hr : chieu cao cua khe chop (m), hr = b = 20 (mm) =
0.02 (m)
hb : chieu cao lp bot tren a (m)
(hc + hx ).( F f ). x + hx . b . f + ( hch hx ). f . b
hb =
F . b
Trang 45
O AN MON HOC
Pd
x .g
529.79
=0 0.106 < 0.3 thoa
920.73*9.81
Trang 46
O AN MON HOC
CHNG 4
TNH TOAN C
KH
Trang 47
O AN MON HOC
1.
Tnh be day than tru cua thap
Than cua thap c che tao bang phng phap han
ho quang. Than thap c ghep t nhieu oan bang
moi ghep bch.
Tra bang IX.5 ta chon vi ng knh trong cua thap D
= 800(mm), khoang cach gia cac a H =300 (mm), chon
khoang cach gia hai mat noi bch 1200(mm), so a
gia hai mat bch n = 4
Chon vat lieu lam than la thep khong g X18H10T.
nhiet o lam viec
t = 0C .
Toc o an mon cua thep 0.1 mm/nam .
Da vao bang XII.4 va bang XII.7 ( Tnh chat vat ly
cua kim loai en va hp kim cua chung ), cac thong so
ac trng cua X18H10T ( vi chieu day tam thep 4 25
mm):
Gii han ben keo : k = 550.106 N/m2
Gii han ben chay : ch = 550.106 N/m2
He sodan khi keo nhiet o 20 100 0C la
16.6*10-6 1/0C
Khoi lng rieng = 7.9*103 ( Kg/m3)
He so an toan ben keo : nk = 2.6
He so an toan ben chay : nch = 2.6
Nhiet o nong chay : t = 1400 0C
Mo un an hoi : E = 2.1*105 N/mm2
He so Poatxong = 0.33
ieu kien lam viec cua thap chng cat :
Ap suat ben trong thap ( tnh tai ay thap ) vi moi
trng lam viec long -kh:
P = Ph + PL + P
Ap suat hi trong thap : Ph = 1 at = 9.81*104 ( N/m2)
Ap suat thuy tnh cua cot chat long :PL = L . g .H
L = 854.01 (Kg/m3)
H= 1.1 H0 = 4.347 (m) ( Co ke en cot chat long
ay, nap )
PL = 854.01 *9.81 * 4.347 = 3.6420 *104 (N/m2)
Tong tr lc cua thap : P = 7780.45 ( N/m2)
Do o ap suat tai ay thap : P = 1.423 * 105 (N/m2) <
0.25*106 ( N/m2)
Theo bang XIII.8 : gia tr ben han cua than hnh tru,
han ho quang ien,
SVTH: TRAN VAN PHUC
Trang 48
O AN MON HOC
H0 d
5 6*0.24
= 0.95*(
) = 0.68
H0
5
=
.0.95 = 200.95*106 ( N / m2 )
[ k] =
nk
2.6
ch
220.106
.
=
*0.95 = 139.33*106 ( N / m2 )
[ ch] =
nch
1.5
S=
= 0.601 (mm)
Trang 49
O AN MON HOC
800 + (4 1.5)
2.
h = 200
25
D = 800
Dt .P
D
* t
3.8 * [ k ].k . h P 2.hb
He so khong th nguyen :
k=1-
d
0.2
= 1= 0.75
Dt
0.8
Trang 50
O AN MON HOC
S =
0.8 * 1.423 * 10 5
0.8
*
6
5
3.8 * 200.95 *10 * 0.75 * 0.95 1.423 *10 2 * 0.2
3.
Trang 51
O AN MON HOC
D2 = 847 (mm)
D4 = 827 (mm)
Va do Dt < 1000 (mm) nen D3 = D2 +1 = 848(mm)
D5 = D4 1 = 826 (mm)
150
40
80
40
200
202
80
128
80
232
191
69
115
69
249
192
70
116
70
250
171
55
101
55
229
170
54
100
54
228
5
4
5
5
5
11
1
1
1
1
3
2
3
3
3
4.5
4
4
4
4.5
Trang 52
O AN MON HOC
4.
Tnh mam
Chon be day mam bang be day than S = 4 (mm) va
vat lieu la thep X18H10T
Chieu cao mc chat long ln nhat tren mam khi mam
b ngap lut :
hd = 145.49 (mm)
Pl = l .g . hd = 854.01 * 9.81 * 0.1455 = 1218.98 (N/mm2 )
Neu mam khong uc lo :
3(3 + )
3(3 + 0.33)
* P * R 2t =
* 1218.98 * 0.4 2 = 15.222*106
max =
2
2
8.S
8 * 0.004
(N/mm2)
= 0.33 : he so Poat xong
o giam sc ben do cac lo tren mam gay ra the
hien bang he so hieu chnh: b
b =
t d h 194 47
=
= 0.758
t
194
Trang 53
O AN MON HOC
So mam
Nt = 13 mam
2
Mm = Nt .(F z.Sd n..d h/4) * *
=
13
(
0.5026*1
0.04*0.5026
2
3
3
29**0.047 /4)*0.004*7.93*10 (Kg/m )
= 177.514 (Kg)
Khoi lng chop tren mam cua toan thap :
Mchop = Nt *n *( * d2ch* hch * ch * + *d2ch* ch i * ch b*a )
7.9*103
=
13*29
(3.1416*0.070*0.0567*0.002
+
2
3.1416*0.07 *0.002/4 - 45* 0.002*0.02*0.002 )*7.0*103
= 98.26 (Kg)
Khoi lng mam :
M mam = * D* Hthan * than *
= 3.1416* 0.8 (5 2( 0.2 + 0.025) 0.130)
0.004*7.9*103
= 351.03(Kg)
Khoi lng ong hi :
Mong hi = *dh*hhi * h *n * Ntt *
= 3.1416*0.047*0.054*0.002*29*13*7.9*103
= 47.49(Kg)
Vi hh = hchop h2 - chop + hi
= 0.0657 0.01175 +2 2 = 0.054 (m)
va h2 : chieu cao chop pha tren ong hi
Khoi lng mang chay chuyen :
Mm = lw*hcc* cc **Nt
hcc = h S1 + hw + mam
= 0.3 0.0375 + 0.05 + 0.004 = 0.316 (m)
Mmam = 0.48*0.3165*0.002*0.004 * 7.9*103 =
31.20( Kg)
Khoi lng bch noi than :
ng knh ben ngoai cua thap
Dn = 0.808 (m)
ng knh mat bch cua than
Db = 0.930(m)
Chieu cao bch
h = 0.022(m)
Chia thap lam 4 oan , nen so mat bch la 8
CT3 = 7.85*103 (Kg/m3)
Mbch = 0.785*(0.932 0.8082)*8*0.0222*7.85*103 =
229.96 (Kg)
Khoi lng bch noi cac ong dan :
Trang 54
O AN MON HOC
Q
2949 * 9.81
=
= 0.413*104 ( N)
8
8
Chon tai trong cho phep len mot tai treo la 0.5 *104 N
Theo bang XIII.36 So tay tap hai : tai treo thiet b thang
ng .
Be mat F = 72.5*104(m2)
Kch thc tai treo : cho bang sau :
Kho Taitron L
B
B1
H
S
l
a
d
i
g
(m
(m
(m
(m
(m
(m
(m
(m
ln chophep m)
m)
m)
m)
m)
m)
m)
m)
g
lenbem
taitr at
eo
q.106(N/
(Kg) m2)
1.23 0,69
100 75
85
155 6
40
15
18
Trang 55
O AN MON HOC
40
15
155
15
18
20
75
B O P H A N T A I T R E O
c. Chon chan :
Chon vat lieu lam tai treo la thep CT3 .Tai trong cho
phep len mot chan :0.5*104 N
Theo bang XIII.35 So tay tap hai. Chan thep oi vi
thiet b thang ng :
Bema
t
F.104
m2
172
Taitrongcho
pheplenbe
mate
q.106(N/m2)
0.29
B1
B2
16
0
11
0
13
5
19
5
24
0
14
5
1
0
5
5
2
3
Trang 56
O AN MON HOC
Truc thiet b
195
1 35
10
10
145
236
10
55
280
23
10
16 0
110
B O P H A N C H A N
6.
Tnh bao on
Vi van toc hi trung bnh trong ca 2 phan cua thap :
chng va cat :
y = 0.7441 < 10 (m/s) va mang nc ngng chuyen
ong dong, he so cap nhiet trong thap :
r. 2 .g.3
= 1.15*
( W/m2.o)
.t.H
Nhiet ngng tu ( an nhiet hoa hi ) cua hi trong thap:
( nhiet o cao nhat t = tw = 960C)
r = racetone * x acetone + rnc * r nuoc
Thanh phan khoi lng tnh gia tr trung bnh cua
thap va nh thap :
x acetone =
0.98 + 0.02
= 0.5 (phan tram khoi lng)
2
Trang 57
O AN MON HOC
=
1.15
*
5 * * t
* t
2
(W/m .o)
Cac gia tr (Kg/m3), (W/m.o), ( Ns/m2) tra nhiet
o trung bng cua mang :
Tm =
t ng + t w1
2
96 + 80
= 88 0C
2
= 817.66
0 .5
0 .5
hh = x acetone + x nuoc
( Kg/Kmol)
+
708
.
6
966
.
4
acetone nuoc
= arclog ( xacetone * log acetone + (1- xacetone )log nuoc )
= arclog ( 0.273* log 0.188 + ( 1- 0.273 )*log
0.328)*10-3
= 0.287*10-3 (Ns/m2)
Cphh = 0.5 * Cacetone + ( 1- 0.5) * Cnc
= 0.5 * 2396 + 0.5* 4206 = 3301 ( J/Kg.o)
hh
hh = 3.58*10-8 *Chh * hh * 3
(W/m2.o)
M hh
= 3.58*10-8 * 3301*817.66 * 3
t1 = tng
817.66
27.48
= 0.311 ( Kcal/W.h.0C )
tw1 = 96 80 = 16 0C
= 46.61*
817.66 2 * 0.3113
= 2132.24 ( W/m2.o)
3
0.287 * 10 *16
Trang 58
O AN MON HOC
q ng + q kk
2
12878.36 + 2144.11
= 7511.23 (Kcal/m2.h.o)
2
12878.36 7511.3
= 0.42 = 42% > 5% . Do o ta phai tnh
12878.36
lap.
o
t1 = 6 0C
ng = 2738.83 ( Kcal/m2.h.o)
qng = 16432.96 ( Kcal/m2.h)
tw = 13.61 ( 0C )
tw2 = 82.4 ( 0C )
t2 = 53.4 ( 0C)
qkk = 1976.2 ( Kcal/m2.h)
qtb = 9204.56 (( Kcal/m2.h)
Sai so gia qtb va qng = 0.44 > 0.05 . Do o ta
phai tnh lap lan 2.
o Tnh lap lan 2 :
Chon t1 =4 0C tw1 = 92 0C
tm = 94 0C
hh = 810.95 (Kg/m3)
= 0.269 *10-3 ( Ns/m2)
Cphh = 3316.75 ( J/Kg. 0C)
hh = 0.308 ( Kcal/m.h.0C)
t1 = 4 0C
ng = 2737.89 ( Kcal/m2.h.o)
qng = 10951.56 ( Kcal/m2.h)
tw = 9.068 ( 0C )
tw2 = 86.93 ( 0C )
t2 = 57.93 ( 0C)
qkk = 2187.93 ( Kcal/m2.h)
qtb = 6569.74 (( Kcal/m2.h)
Trang 59
O AN MON HOC
t1 = 96 96.5 = 0.5 0C
tm = 95.75 0C
hh = 809.27 (Kg/m3)
= 0.265 *10-3 ( Ns/m2)
Cphh = 3320.69 ( J/Kg. 0C)
hh = 0.3075 ( Kcal/m.h.0C)
o t1 = 0.5 0C
ng = 5103.35 ( Kcal/m2.h.o)
qng = 2551.68 ( Kcal/m2.h)
tw = 2.11 ( 0C )
tw2 = 93.89 ( 0C )
t2 = 64.89 ( 0C)
qkk = 2521.31 ( Kcal/m2.h)
qtb = 2536.495 (( Kcal/m2.h)
Sai so gia qtb va qng = 0.006 < 0.05 ( Thoa)
Khi co lp cach nhiet, nhiet lng toa ra moi trng
:
qtt = 5%qtb = 0.05*2536.495 = 126.28
(Kcal/m2.h)
- He so cap nhiet cua hi :
ng = 5103.35 ( Kcal/m2.h.0C)
kk = 2521.31 ( Kcal/m2.h.0C)
2
1
(t w 2 t w 3 ) =
(t w1 t w 2 )
Do qtt = ng (tw1 tw2 ) =
2
rwi
- Nhiet o cua thanh pha trong thiet b :
tw1= tng -
qtt
126.82
= 96
= 95.975 0C
ng
5103.35
1
0.004
rw1 = rcau 1 + w =
+
= 0.0004705 (m2.h.0C/Kcal)
w 5000 14.785
Nhiet o lp tiep xuc gia thanh thiet b va tam
cach nhiet tw2 :
qtt =
1
(t w1 t w 2 )
rwi
Trang 60
O AN MON HOC
q tt
126.82
= 29 +
= 29.050 0C
kk
2521.31
Nhiet o tw3 :
1
qtt = r (t w3 t w 4 )
cau 2
tw3 = qtt * rcau 2 + tw4
= 126.82*
1
2800
+ 29.050 = 29.0956 0C
2 = 2 (t w2 t w3 )
qtt
0.124
(95.915 29.0956) = 0.065(m) = 65(mm)
126.82
Trang 61
O AN MON HOC
CHNG 5
TNH THIET B
PHU
Trang 62
O AN MON HOC
I.
Nguye
n lie
u
Sa
n pha
ma
y
Nguye
n lie
u
Sa
n pha
ma
y
270C
tn = 96 - 68.5 = 27.5 0C
Chenh lech nhiet o au ln :
tL = 70 -27 = 43 0C
t L
43
=
= 1.56 < 2 nen co the tnh hieu
tn 27.5
t
ttb = L =35.25 0C
so nhiet o trung bnh :
tn
Ty so
Trang 63
O AN MON HOC
a.
F
3600 * F * S
F = 0.520*10-3(Ns.m2)
Trang 64
O AN MON HOC
w = 0.019 (m/s)
- ng knh tng ng khoang ngoai ong :
D 2 n.d 2
0.4 2 91 * 0025 2
dt =
=
= 0.038 (m)
D + n.d
0.4 + 91 * 0025
- Tnh chuan so Re :
.d td .
Re =
= 1277.11
F
- Tnh chuan so Pr :
+ Chon t1 = 4 0C tt1 = ttb + t1 = 47.75 + 4 = 51.75 0C
Tra hnh V.12 trang 12 So tay tap hai :
Pr47.75 = 3.55
Pr51.75 = 3.45
Pr
46.75
Pr51.75
0.25
3.55
=
3.45
0.25
= 1.007
- Chuan so Gr :
g .d td3 . 2 . .t1
Gr =
2
: he so gian n the tch, = 0.574*10-3 (1/o)
(tra bang 33 trang 420 tap 10)
9.81 * 0.038 3 * 919.80 2 * 0.574 *10 3 * 4
Gr =
= 3866978.92
(0.052 * 10 3 ) 2
(Gr)0.1 = 4.56
- Chuan so Nu :
Nu = 0.15* 1* Re033 * Pr0.43 *Gr0.1(Pr/Prt )0.25
1 : he so hieu chnh tra theo bang V.2
trang 15 , so tay tap hai
(l/d > 50 nen chon 1 = 1)
Nu = 0.15* 1* 1277.110.33*3.6560.43*4.56*1.007 = 11.00
Nu.. 11.00 * 0.591
=
= 171.08
He so cap nhiet 1 = d td
(W/m2.o
0.038
)
( tra 47.75 0C bang 0.591 W/m.o)
d.
Xac nh ho cap nhiet t dong san
pham ay en thanh ong :
Ttb = 83 0C , tra cac thong so :
acetone =571 (Kg/m3)
noc =969.9 (Kg/m3)
w =964.8 ( Kg/m3)
acetone = 0.20*10-3(Ns.m2)
Trang 65
O AN MON HOC
nc = 0.35*10-3(Ns.m2)
w = 0.349*10-3(Ns.m2)
w = 0.02 (m/s)
- Tnh chuan so Re :
.d .
Re =
= 1163.97
w
10 < Re <2000 : che o chay dong
- Tnh chuan so Pr :
+ Chon t2 = 4 0C tt2 = Ttb - t2 = 83 - 4 = 79 0C
Tra hnh V.12 trang 12 So tay tap hai :
Pr79 = 2.65
Pr83 = 2.6
Pr
83
Pr79
0.25
2.6
=
2.65
0.25
= 0.995
- Chuan so Gr :
g .d 3 . 2 . .t 2
Gr =
2
: he so gian n the tch, = 0.726*10-3 (1/o)
(tra bang 33 trang 420 tap 10)
9.81 * 0.0213 * 964.80 2 * 0.726 * 10 3 * 4
Gr =
= 2016263.3
(0.349 * 10 3 ) 2
(Gr)0.1 = 4.27
- Chuan so Nu :
Nu = 0.15* 2* Re033 * Pr0.43 *Gr0.1(Pr/Prt )0.25
1 : he so hieu chnh tra theo bang V.2 trang 15 ,
so tay tap hai
(l/d > 50 nen chon 2 = 1)
Nu = 0.15* 1* 1163.970.33*2.60.43*4.27*0.995 = 9.875
Nu.. 9.875 * 0.673
=
= 316.47
He so cap nhiet 2
=
d
0.021
(W/m2.o )
( tra 47.75 0C bang 0.673 W/m.o)
e.
Nhiet tai rieng :
Trang 66
O AN MON HOC
tnh lap
o
Tnh lap lan 1 :
Chon t1 = 4.(1 + 0.459) = 6 0C
tt1 = 47.75 + 6 = 53.75 0C
Pr53.75 = 3.35
Pr47.75 = 3.55
Pr
47.75
Pr53.75
0.25
3.55
=
3.35
0.25
= 1.015
(Gr)0.1 = 4.75
Nu = 13.2
1 = 205.29 (W/m2.o)
q1 = 205.26*6 = 1231.72 (W/m2)
q 2 q1' 1265.88 1231
=
= 0.0265
< 0.05 (Hp ly )
q2
1265.88
f.
1 -1
+ r1 + + r2 +
K=[
]
1
2
= Cu = 93 (W/m2.o)
= 2 (mm)= 0.002 (m)
1 = 205.29 (W/m2.o )
2= 316.47 ( W/m2.o)
Xem he so cau ban cua nc ban r1 = 0.8455*10-3
(W/m2.o)
Xem he so cau ban cua nc thng r2 = 0.5945*10-3
(W/m2.o)
K=[
g.
1
0.002
1
+ 0.8455* 10 3 +
+ 0.5945* 10 3 +
]-1
205.29
93
316.47
= 105.11
Be mat truyen nhiet :
Q
65.64 * 1000
Trang 67
O AN MON HOC
h.
II.
S a
n p ham
nh
N
c
N
c
Sa
n pha m nh
57.30C
400C
300C
270C
Trang 68
O AN MON HOC
tL = 57.3 40 = 17.3 0C
Hieu so nhiet o trung bnh :
t log =
17.3 3
= 8.16 0
17.3
C
ln
16764.76
* 4176.6(40 27) = 252.85 (KW)
1000 * 3666
Chon thiet b :
a.
252.85 * 1000
- F = .d.n.L
Chon L = 4 (m)
d = 0.032 (m)
n =
F
= 220.86 (ong )
.d .L
Trang 69
O AN MON HOC
D
3600 * D * S
D = 0.27*10-3(Ns.m2)
w = 1.223*10-3 (m/s)
- ng knh tng ng khoang ngoai ong :
dt =
D 2 n.d 2
0.9 2 241 * 0.032 2
=
= 0.065 (m)
D + n.d
0.9 + 241 * 0.032
- Tnh chuan so Re :
.d td .
Re =
= 226.9
F
10 < Re < 2000 : che o chay dong
- Tnh chuan so Pr :
+ Chon t1 = 6 0C tt1 = t1tb - t1 = 41.66 - 6 = 35.66 0C
Tra hnh V.12 trang 12 So tay tap hai :
Pr35.66 = 3.81
Pr41.66 = 3.60
SVTH: TRAN VAN PHUC
Trang 70
O AN MON HOC
Pr
41.66
Pr35.66
0.25
3.6
=
3.81
= 0.986
- Chuan so Gr :
g .d td3 . 2 . .t1
Gr =
2
: he so gian n the tch, = 1.53*10-3 (1/o)
(tra bang 33 trang 420 tap 10)
Gr =
(Gr)0.1 = 6.767
- Chuan so Nu :
Nu = 0.15* 1* Re033 * Pr0.43 *Gr0.1(Pr/Prt )0.25
1 : he so hieu chnh tra theo bang V.2 trang 15 ,
so tay tap hai
(l/d > 50 nen chon 1 = 1)
Nu = 0.15* 1* 226.90.33* 3.60.43* 6.767* 0.986 = 10.4
Nu.. 10.4 * 0.165
=
= 26.4
He so cap nhiet 1 = d td
(W/m2.o )
0.065
w = 0.349*10-3(Ns.m2)
- Van toc nc trong ong :
w=
Gn
16764.76
=
2
n * n * 0.785 * d
3600 * 993.95 * 241 * 0.785 * 0.026 2
w = 0.0366 (m/s)
- Tnh chuan so Re :
.d .
Re =
= 1261.12
Trang 71
O AN MON HOC
Pr
33.5
Pr34.5
0.25
14
=
13.5
0.25
= 1.009
- Chuan so Gr :
g .d 3 . 2 . .t 2
Gr =
2
: he so gian n the tch, = 0.331*10-3 (1/o) (tra
bang 33 trang 420 tap 10)
Gr = 100235.969
(Gr)0.1 = 3.163
-Chuan so Nu :
Nu = 0.15* 2* Re033 * Pr0.43 *Gr0.1(Pr/Prt )0.25
2 : he so hieu chnh tra theo bang V.2 trang 15 , so
tay tap hai
(l/d > 50 nen chon 2 = 1)
Nu = 15.71
Nu..
= 378.85
He so cap nhiet 2 = d
(W/m2.o )
( tra 33.5 0C bang 0.627 W/m2.o)
e.
.Nhiet tai rieng :
o
Tnh lap lan 1 :
Tnh chuan so Pr :
+ Chon t1 = 11 0C tt1 = t1tb - t1 = 41.66 - 11 = 30.66 0C
Tra hnh V.12 trang 12 So tay tap hai :
Pr30.66 = 3.9
Pr41.66 = 3.6
Pr
41.66
Pr30.66
0.25
3.6
=
3.9
0.25
= 0.980
Chuan so Gr :
g .d td3 . 2 . .t1
Gr =
2
Gr = 369404832
(Gr)0.1 = 7.19
-
Trang 72
O AN MON HOC
-Chuan so Nu :
Nu = 0.15* 1* Re033 * Pr0.43 *Gr0.1(Pr/Prt )0.25
Nu = 10.98
Nu..
= 27.88
He so cap nhiet 1 = d td
(W/m2.o )
o
Tnh lap lan 2 :
Chon t1 = 13
tt1 = 41.66 -13 = 28.86 0C
Pr28.86 = 3.85
Pr41.66 = 3.60
Pr
41.66
Pr28.66
0.25
3.6
=
3.85
0.25
= 0.983
- Gr = 436569346.9
III.
(Gr)0.1 = 7.31
Nu = 11.2
1 = 28.43 (W/m2.o)
q1 = 369.58 (W/m2)
q 2 q1'
= 0.024
< 0.05 (Hp ly )
q2
Trang 73
O AN MON HOC
N
c
S a
n pha
m
nh
N
c
S a
n pham
nh
57.30C
57.30C
400C
270C
30.3 17.3
= 23.20 0
30.3
C
ln
17.3
Trang 74
O AN MON HOC
- He so cap nhiet
.28* 4
r * 2 * 3
521.42 * 10 3 * 784.97 2 * 0.165 3
= 1.28 * 4
* t * d td
0.23 *10 3 * 3 * 0.066
= 2966.56 (W/m2.o )
- He so cap nhiet trung bnh cua chum ong :
ch = * 1
Tra o th V.18 trang 29 So tay tap 2 : = 0.90
ch = 0.90*2966.56 = 2669.90 ( W/m2.o )
5.
Xac nh he so cap nhiet t thanh
ong en nc
Trang 75
O AN MON HOC
tb2
= (40 + 27)/2 =
w=
Gn
3.893
=
2
n * n * 0.785 * d
993.95 * 187 * 0.785 * 0.032 2
0.25
14
=
10
0.25
= 1.088
- Chuan so Gr :
g .d 3 . 2 . .t 2
Gr =
2
: he so gian n the tch, = 0.33*10-3 (1/o) (tra
bang 33 trang 420 tap 10)
Gr = 1.5204*106
(Gr)0.1 = 4.15
- Chuan so Nu :
Nu = 0.15* 2* Re033 * Pr0.43 *Gr0.1(Pr/Prt )0.25
2 : he so hieu chnh tra theo bang V.2 trang 15 ,
so tay tap hai
(l/d > 50 nen chon 2 = 1)
Nu = 22.69
Nu..
He so cap nhiet 2 = d = 547.18 (W/m2.o )
( nc tra 33.5 0C bang 0.627 W/m2.o)
6.
Nhiet tai rieng
Trang 76
O AN MON HOC
7.
He so truyen nhiet
1
1 -1
+ r1 + + r2 +
K=[
]
1
2
= Cu = 93 (W/m2.o)
= 3 (mm)= 0.003 (m)
1 = 2966.56 (W/m2.o )
2= 547.18 ( W/m2.o)
Xem he so cau ban cua nc ban r1 = 0.387*10-3
(W/m2.o)
Xem he so cau ban cua nc thng r2 = 0.464*10-3
(W/m2.o)
K = [
1
0.003
1
+ 0.387 *10 3 +
+ 0.464 * 10 3 +
]-1
2966.56
93
547.18
8.
= 328.09 (W/m2.o )
Be mat truyen nhiet
9.
L=
208652.17
F
27.41
=
= 1.489 (m)
n. .d h 3.1416 * 0.032 * 187
Trang 77
O AN MON HOC
a
y tha
p (hi)
Hi N
c
a
y tha
p
Sa
n pha
m a
y
119.60C
N
c
119.60C
106.50C
90.60C
23.6 13.1
= 17.84 0
23.6
C
ln
13.1
2.
Nhiet tai
Nhiet lng hi nc can cung cap (tiep theo phan
can bang nhiet ):
QD2 = Qy + Qw + Qxq2 + Qng2 QF - QR = 208652.17(W)
SVTH: TRAN VAN PHUC
Trang 78
O AN MON HOC
Trang 79
O AN MON HOC
5.
- He so cap nhiet
- Chon t
= 14.5 0C
ttw2 = (96 +106.5)/2 + 14.5 = 115.75 0C
q2 = 1100.77*14.5 = 15961.165 (W/m2)
Sai so gia q1 va q2 :
2
q 2 q1
= 0.033 < 0.05 ( 5% )
q2
1 -1
+ r1 + + r2 +
K=[
]
1
2
= Cu = 93 (W/m2.o)
= 2 (mm)= 0.002 (m)
1 = 16513.77 (W/m2.o )
2= 1100.77 ( W/m2.o)
Xem he so cau ban cua nc ban r1 = 0.387*10-3
(W/m2.o)
Xem he so cau ban cua nc thng r2 = 0.464*10-3
2
(W/m .o)
6.
K = [
1
0.002
1
+ 0.387 * 10 3 +
+ 0.464 * 10 3 +
]-1
16513.77
93
1100.77
= 539.88 (W/m2.o )
Be mat truyen nhiet
7.
F=
Q
5.689 * 10 5
=
= 59.067 (m2)
K .t log 539.88 * 17,84
Trang 80
O AN MON HOC
8.
F
59.067
=
= 3.142 (m)
n. .d h 3.1416 * 0.032 * 187
- Tnh s bo z
nhap lieu )
z2 = Ho [ l1 + ht + h + 386 + 8*(H + m ) + 100 ]
(mm)
Vi
Ho : chieu cao thap so vi e chan ,
Ho = 5105 (mm)
SVTH: TRAN VAN PHUC
Trang 81
O AN MON HOC
l1
(mm)
25(mm)
ht , h :
2g
P2 P1 v 2 2 v 21
+
+ hw1 2
z1= z2 +
2g
z1 +
Trong o :
v1 =0(m/s)
P2 P1 Pcat
5297.9
=
=
= 0.568 (m) = 568 (mm)
949.8 * 9.81
0
C
4QF
4 *1.505 * 10 3
=
= 1.2 (m/s)
.d 2 3.1416 * 0.04 2
2.g
100 0.25
)
Re
40
= 0.005
Trang 82
O AN MON HOC
= (1.46 * 0.005 +
100
) 0.25 = 0.03
118601.4
= 2 = 4 = 5 = 6 = 7 = 11 = 12 = 13 = 14 = 14 = 15 = 17
= A.B.C
Goc uon = 900 A = 1
a = 40 (mm)
a
= 1 B = 0.21
d
R
=1 C = 1
d
1' = 1 * 0.21 * 1 = 0.21
He so ot m 24 = 0.57 do :
Re= 118601.4 > 104
F0 d 02 0.04 2
=
=
= 0.25
F1 d12 0.08 2
F0 d 02 0.04 2
=
=
= 0.44
F1 d12 0.06 2
Trang 83
O AN MON HOC
F0 d 02 0.04 2
=
=
= 0.44
F1 d12 0.06 2
Do
= 1.63
0 = 0.53
16 = 23 = 0.72*1.63 + 0.53 = 1.70
cb = 1 + 7 + 10 + 2.n + + 11. + 4.
= 0.46 + 0.31 + 0.32 + 2*1.7 + 4.79 + 11*0.21 +
4*0.05
= 11.79
0.03 * 1.5 1.2 2
).
= 1.691(m) = 1691(mm)
0.04
2.9.81
1.2 2
+ 1.691 = 4.164 (m) = 4164
z1 = 1.832 + 0.568 +
2 * 9.81
hw12 = (11.79 +
(mm)
o
Khoang cach t mam nhap lieu en e chan
thiet b :
o
H1 = z2 = 1832 (mm)
Vay khoang cach t mc chat long trong bon cao v
en bm ( gia s at ngay e chan ) H cv = z1 = 4164
(mm)
2.
Tnh bm
Ap dung phng trnh Bernulli cho mat cat (1-1) va (33) :
Hb + z 3 +
v32 P3
v2
P
+
= z1 + 1 + 1 + h13
2.g 3
2.g 1
Trang 84
O AN MON HOC
Trong o :
P1 = P3 = 1 at
1 = 3
v1 = v3 : chon ng knh ong hut bang ng knh
ong ay .
Hb = z1 z3 + h1-3
+ Chon chieu cao mc chat long trong bon cha
nguyen lieu cao hn e chan 0.3 (m) = 300 (mm)
2
11
.l v
h1-3 = ( i + ).
d
i =1
2.g
0.78 * 10
Nen = (1.46. +
100 0.25
)
Re
40
= 0.005
= (1.46 * 0.005 +
100
) 0.25 = 0.03
74690.77
8
1.5 2
)*
= 1.111(m) = 1111
0.04 2 * 9.81
(mm)
Hb= 4164 300 + 1111 = 4975 (mm) = 4.975 (m)
d2
0.04 2
.v = 3.1416 *
* 1.5 = 1.855 *10 3 (m3/s)
4
4
Trang 85
O AN MON HOC
Hb = 4.975 (m)
= 970.98 (Kg/m3)
= 75% (Hieu suat bm)
Nt =
Nt
0.12
=
= 0.15 (KW)
tr . dc 0.9 * 0.9
CHNG 6
Trang 86
O AN MON HOC
Chi tiet
Vo thap
Nap-ay
Mam
Chop
Ong hi
Ong
chay
chuyen
Bch noi than
Bch noi cac ong
dan
Tong
Vat lieu
Thep X18H10T
Thep CT3
Bulong
M5
M8
M16
M20
606.52
242.52
Thanh tien
( ong)
30326000
2425200
ong/con
500
1000
2000
2500
So lng
( Con)
150
857
48
360
Thanh tien
(ong)
75000
857000
96000
900000
Trang 87
O AN MON HOC
ong/nv
n v
Thanh tien
( ong)
Kieng
thuy
250000/m2
0.318 m2
80000
tinh
Ap ke
600000/cai
2 cai
1200000
Nhiet ke
150000/cai
4 cai
600000
Lu lng ke
1000000/cai
1 cai
1000000
Vat lieu cach
4000000/m3
0.44m3
1750000
nhiet
- Tong tien vat t che tao thap va cac thiet b
co lien quan en hoat ong cua thap : 39309000
( ong ).
- Tien gia cong che tao va lap at :( lay bang
1.5 tien vat t ) : 58963500 ( ong ).
- Vay gia thanh thap chng : 98272500 ( ong).
Volume
1,
Trang 88