CRC Booklet PDF

uav;tcGita&;qdi&mpmcsKytaMumif; odaumif;p&m hf kf f
vltcGita&;ynmay;Xme (jrefrmEdii) hf kfH

Aung Myo Min Director, HREIB Saw Ngo , Agga and Kham Chuen
Author:
Cartoon: Layout & Design by: Cover:
HREIB Team Yun Ein Si Thu (9 years old in 2005) Human Rights Education Institute of Burma (HREIB) G. P.O Box - 485, Chiang Mai, 50000, Thailand. hreburma@loxinfo.co.th www.hreib.org
Published By:
Address:
E-mail: Website:
Second Edition, 1,500 copies, January, 2005
Aung Myo Min
All rights reserved. This work may be reproduced, provided that no commercial use is made of it and the author is acknowledged. Funded byTerre Des Hommes FR Germany
1
CRC.pmd 1 3/11/2005, 7:18 PM
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CRC.pmd
3/11/2005, 7:18 PM
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CRC.pmd 3 3/11/2005, 7:18 PM
43 46 48 51 54 57 61 64 67 71 76 80 84 88 93 97 100
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4
CRC.pmd 4 3/11/2005, 7:18 PM
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5
CRC.pmd 5 3/11/2005, 7:18 PM
Tpmtkyukd 2003 ckEpwif yxrt}udrf xkwa0jzefcsc+hJ yD; f Sf G f d avhvmvdkolrsm;. !$ef=um;csufa=umifh 'kwd,t}udrf jyefvnf xkwa0jcif;jzpfygonf? 'kw,t}udrxwa0&mwGif 0di;f 0ef;ulnay; f d f k f k D =uaom udkxl;jrwf/ apmcsm;Edk/ udkAnm;/ udkausmfEdkif/ udkaemfaemf/ udkuyfpD; ESifh HREIB Hk;0efxrf;rsm;/ oifwef;enf;jyrsm; rsufESmzHk; yef;csDa&;qGJay;aom orD;,Gef;tdrfpnfolESifh 'DZdkif;jyifqifay;aom olrsm;udk rSwfwrf;wifaus;Zl;wifSdygonf?
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6
CRC.pmd 6 3/11/2005, 7:18 PM
uav;tcG i f h t a&;qd k i f & m oabmwl p mcsKyf (Convention on the Rights of the child - CRC)
uav;tcGita&;qdi&moabmwlpmcsKyfEihf ywfoufaom hf kf S t,ltqonf 1979 ckESpf urBmhuav;rsm;ae@udk usif;y&efpDpOf aqmifGuf&mrS pwifay:aygufvmjcif;jzpfonf? rlvtpwGif tSdef aumif;aumif;jzifh ay:ayguvmjcif;r[kwcacs? uav;rsm;ae@txdr;f f f hJ trSwfoabmavmufom jyifqif&ef &nfG,fcJh+yD; xkdodkjyifqifa&; om;&eftwGuf t"duwm0efukd ydvefEiiu 1978 ckEpwif OD;aqmif k kd f H Sf G wm0ef,conf? pmcsKyfr=l urf; 'kw,ydi;f udk jyifqifa&;qGaecsetxd l hJ d k J d f TpmcsKyftay: EkdifiHrsm;pGmuvnf; tav;ay;pdwf0ifpm;r_ rSdcJhacs? EkdifiHwum EdkifiHom;ESifh EkdifiHa&;tcGifhta&;qkdif&m oabmwlpmcsKyf (ICCPR). tydk'fwGif uav;rsm;qdkif&mtcGifhta&;udk oD;jcm;azmfjy xm;+yD;jzpfaoma=umifh aemufxyfuav;rsm;qki&m pmcsKyfwck xyfrH df rvkdtyfawmh[laom t,ltqrsKd; EdkifiHawmfawmfrsm;rsm;wGif SdcJh onf? xdk jyif taemufEiirsm;ESihf taSOa&myEdiirsm;u a&;qGaom kd f H kfH J pmcsKyfrl=urf;onf pD;yGm;a&;/ vlr_a&;ESifh ,Ofaus;r_tcGifhta&;rsm; tay: tom;ay;onf[lI pdwf0ifpm;jcif; rSdcJh=uacs? rl=urf;a&;qGronf 1979 rS 1989 ckEptxd =umjrifconf? J_ Sf h hJ odkaomf 1988 ckESpf/ ukvor*~ vltcGifhta&;aumfrSifu ceftyf vkuaom tvkytzGJ upmcsKyfukd t+yD;owfavhvma&;qGonfh tcsef d f f J d rSpI tpkd;&rsm;ESifh tpkd;&r[kwfaom tzGJrsm;pGmwkdonf xkdpmcsKyf rl=urf;a&;qGJ&mwGif pdwf0ifpm;vm+yD; tifwkduftm;wkduf yg0ifvmcJh =uonf? rlva&;qGxm;aom rl=urf;uktajccHI tpk;d &rsm;ESihf tpk;d & J d
7
CRC.pmd 7 3/11/2005, 7:18 PM
r[kwfaomtzGJrsm;u xyfrHjznfhpGufI rGrf;rHr_rsm;vkyfaqmifcJhonf? dk f f urBmuse;f rma&;tzGJ (WHO)/ tjynfjynfqi&m tvkyorm;tzGJ csKyf h (ILO) ponftzGJ rsm;. wifjycsursm;udvnf; vufco;oyfc=hJ uonf? h f k H kH aemufqkH; 1989 ckESpf/ Ekd0ifbmv(20)&ufaewGif ukvor*~taxG axGnDvmcHuaeI uav;tcGifhta&;qdkif&m oabmwlpmcsKyfudk jy Xmef;cJh+yD; 1990 ckESpfwGif owfrSwfxm;onfh EdkifiHta&twGuf(20) jynfhoGm;ojzifh pmcsKyftouf0ifvmcJhonf? jrefrmEkdifiHonf Tpm csKyfudk 1991 ckESpf/ Zlvkdif(15)&ufaewGif twnfyvufrSwfa&; xkd; cJhonf? ukvor*~. vltcGifhta&;qkdif&m pmcsKyfrsm;xJwGif uav; rsm;tcGia&;qki&mpmcsKyfonf tjcm;pmcsKyfrsm;xuf xl;jcm;r_onf? hf df dS xl;jcm;onfhyxrtcsufrSm tjcm;vltcGifhta&;pmcsKyfrsm;xuf ykdrkd jynfhpkHus,fjyefaom tcGifhta&;rsm; Tuav;oli,fqkdif&m tcGifht kfH f _ a&;pmcsKyfwif yg0ifaeonf? xdpmcsKyftzGJ 0if Ediirsm;. vkyaqmifrukd G k tpD&ifcHapI apmifh=uyfaomvkyfief;pOfwGif tjcm;pmcsKyfrsm;xuf ykdrkdaumif;rGefaom vkyfief;pOfudk a&;qGJEdkifcJhonf? xkdjyif xkdpmcsKyfudk jyifqifa&;qGJcsdefwGif tpkd;&ESifh tpkd;&r[kwfaom tzGJrsm;. vufwGJ yl;aygif;yg0ifaqmifGufr_onf tjcm;pmcsKyfrsm;ukd a&;qGJpOfESifhrwl t xl;aumif;rGeonfukd awG&onf? xkd jyif ukvor*~. vltcGita&; f hf pmcsKyfwif Tuav;oli,f tcGita&;qdi&mpmcsKyfukd Ekiiwumu G hf kf dfH txl;av;pm;axmufcHcJhojzifh pmcsKyftzGJ0ifEkdifiHaygif; (191)EdkifiHu twnfyvufrSwfxkd;xm;onfh pmcsKyftzGJ0ifEdkifiH trsm;qkH;pmcsKyf jzpfaeqJjzpfonf? 2002 ckESpf/ rwfvtxd vufrSwfrxdk;ao;aom EkdifiHrsm;rSm tar&duefEkdifiHESifh qkdrm;vD;,m;EdkifiHwdkom usefawmh onf? pmcsKyfwGif tykd'faygif;(54)ykd'f yg0if+yD; EkdifiHom;tcGifhta&;/
8
CRC.pmd 8 3/11/2005, 7:18 PM
EkdifiHa&;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ vlr_a&;/ ,Ofaus;r_ESifh vlom;csif;pmemaxmuf xm;aom ta&;udprsm;tm;vk;H yg0ifonf? pmcsKyfwif t"dutm;jzifh P G uav;oli,frsm;udvnf; tG,a&muf+yD;aomolrsm;uJokd nDr#pmwef k f h G zk;d xm;&rnf? uav;oli,frsm;. tawG;tjrifrsm;udvnf; wefz;dk xm; k &rnf? uav;oli,frsm;.tusKd;twGuf vkyfaqmifr_rsm;/ umuG,fr_ rsm;/ vkyf&rnf[laomoabmrsm; xnfhoGif;jyXmef;xm;onf? uav; rsm;. ukd,fa&;ta=umif;t&mrsm;ESifh ygwfoufonfh tydk'f(8)/ ypk apmifhaSmufcGifh/ arG;pm;cGifhwkdESifhywfoufaom tykd'f(20)/ (21)/ vuf eufuif wkuyrsm;twGi;f wGif ESypufc&aom uav;rsm;tm; pdwyi;f kd d f JG df H f kd ESifhkyfykdif; jyefvnfemvefxlvmap&ef vkyfaqmifay;a&;ESifhoufqkdif onfh tyk'(39)wkd onf rnfonfvl tcGita&; pmcsKyfrsm;rSmrS v$r;f d f h hf cH y g0if c J h j cif ; rS d a o;aom ta=umif ; t&mtcsuf t vuf topf rsm;jzpfonf? xkduav;pmcsKyfwGifyg0ifaomuav;tcGifhta&;rsm;ukd (1)t oufi&yfwnfcihf tcGita&;rsm; (Survival rights)/ (2) zGH zd;wk;d wuf Sf G hf f _ dk f r_qi&m tcGita&;rsm; (Development rights)/ (3) umuG,rqi&m dk f hf tcGifhta&;rsm; (Protection rights) ESifh (4) yg0ifaqmifGufr_qkdif&m tcGita&; (Participation rights) [lI t=urf;tm;jzifh trsK;d tpm;av; hf rsKd; cGJjcm;Ekdifonf? TtoufSif&yfwnfcGifh tcGifhta&;qkdonfrSm uav;rsm;. toufSifcGifhESifh toufSifEkdif&efvdktyfaom tajccHtcsufrsm;udk qkd vkjd cif;jzpfonf? vkavmufaom aexkirtqiftwef;/ tdr,m/ t[m H df_ h f &ESifh aq;0g;ukor_qkdif&mrsm;&,lcGifh ponfwkdjzpfonf? zGHzd;wkd;wufr_qkdif&m tcGifhta&;rsm;qkdonfrSm if;wdk.pGrf; &nfSdor# zGHzd;wkd;wufapaom t&mrsm;ukdqkdvkdonf? Oyrmtm;jzifh ynmoif=um;cGi/hf tm;upm;ESihf tyrf;ajztem;,lci/hf ,Ofaus;r_/ v_yf G
9
CRC.pmd 9 3/11/2005, 7:18 PM
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10
CRC.pmd 10 3/11/2005, 7:18 PM
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CRC.pmd 11 3/11/2005, 7:18 PM
csuf rwlnDonfukdvnf; awG@Sd&wwfonf? tG,fa&muf+yD;olrsm;tjzpf owfrSwfcH+yD;rSom xdkolwdkonf vufxyfxdrf;jrm;cGifh/ rJay;cGifh/ tcsdefjynfh tvkyfvkyfcGifh/ rdrdtdrf,mrSxGufcGmI oD;oef@aexdkifcGifh/ ppfwyftwGif; 0if a&muftr_xrf;cGifhwdk@udk &SdcHpm;Edkifonf? tG,fa&mufaomol. touf D _ d owfrwcsuEiywfoufI EdiiwEdiiEiwEdiiH wlnrrSaomfvnf; ,ck S f f S hf k f H k f H S hf k f pmcsKyftydk'f(1)wGif touf(18)ESpfatmuftG,f &Sdaomolrsm;tm;vHk; TpmcsKyfyg tcGifhta&;rsm;cHpm;cGihfSdonf[lI jyXmef;xm;jcif;jzpfonf? uav;pmcsKyfudk yxrt}udrfrl=urf;qJGpOfumvu uav;qdkaom t"dym,fowfrwcsuukd arG;zGm;vmpOfrpI touf(18)ESptxd[I owf ` S f f S f l rSwfxm;cJhonf? odk@aomf rarG;zGm;cifuwnf;u rdcif0rf;twGif;Sdaom u l d kf av;rsm;udyg umuG,apmifaSmuf&rnf[aom t,ltqSonfh tcsKd EdiiH k f h rsm;u xdo@kd arG;zGm;vmpOfrpI [laom pum;pkowfrwcsuukd apm' k S S f f u wufcJh=uonf? xdkt,ltqudk tcsKdEdkifiHrsm;uvnf; vufrcHEdkifjzpfcJh onf? xdkodk@rwlnDaom t,ltqESpfckESifhywfoufI tajctwifajymqdk aqG;aEG;r_rsm;onf pmcsKyfutwnfyEdiconfh 1989 ckEptxdwif =umjrifchJ kd k f hJ Sf kd h onf? bufEpzufpvH;k u rdrw@kd .t,ltqudravsmbJ cdicirmrm wifjycJh Sf d k h k f kd f =uonfhtwGuf aemufqHk;wGif xdkodk@t"dy`m,fowfrSwfcsuftay: t,lt qrwlnDaom bufESpfzufpvHk;taejzifh rdrdwdk@vufcHovdk t"dy`m,fzGifh=u &ef ajzSif;ay;cJh&onf? xdk@twGufa=umifh Ttydk'fwGif uav;qdkonfh t "dy`m,fowfrSwfcsufudk rnfonfhtcsdefuaeI pwifowfrSwfrnfqdkaom ta=umif;tcsuf ryg0ifjcif;jzpfonf? pmcsKyf. tzGipum;cs;D wGif uav; hf rarG;zGm;cif tcsdefuwnf;u uav;.tcGifhta&;rsm;udk umuG,fay;& rnf[k qdkxm;aomfvnf; rnfonfhtcGifhta&;rsm;udk umuG,fay;&rnf jzpfa=umif;ESifh rnfonfhtcsdefrSpwifI xkdodk@umuG,fay;&rnfjzpfa=umif; wdk@udk twdtus azmfjyowfrSwfxm;jcif;rSdao;ay?
12
CRC.pmd 12 3/11/2005, 7:18 PM
tyd'f (2) k
cGjJ cm;zdEyjf cif; dS
(1) pmcsKyftzJ@G 0ifEiirsm;onf rdrEii.w&m;pD&ifx;kH tm%mpuf kd f H d kd f H atmufwiaom uav;rsm;tm;vH;k tm; uav; od@k r[kwf xduav;.rd G f dS k cifzcif odk@r[kwf w&m;0iftkyfxdrf;olwdk@. vlrsKd;/ tom;ta&mif/ vdif bmompum;/ udk;uG,onfhbmom/ EdkifiHa&;ESifhtjcm;t,ltq/ EdkifiHom; f jzpfr/_ wdi;f &if;om;jzpfr/_ rsK;d d;k ZpfjrpfEivr&if;jrpf/ ydiqir/_ roefrpGr;f jzpfr/_ k S hf l _ k f kd f arG;zGm;&mtqifhtwef;ESifh tjcm;tqifhtwef;rsm;tay: zdESdyfcJGjcm;jcif; vHk;0rSdapbJ ,ckoabmwlpmcsKyfwGif ygSdaomtcGifhta&;rsm;udk cHpm;ap &ef wm0ef,l&rnf? (2) pmcsKyftzJG@0ifEdkifiHrsm;onf uav;.tqifhtwef;/ v_yfSm;r_/ xkwazmfajymqdaom t,ltqrsm;ESihf uav;.rdbrsm;/ w&m;0iftyxr;f f k k f d olrsm;ESihf rdom;pk0ifw@kd . ,H=k unfrw@kd a=umifh rnfonfenf;ESirS zdEycjGJ cm; _ h hf dS f jcif;ESifh tjypfay;jcif;rsm;rcH&atmif umuG,fay;Edkif&eftwGuf oifhavsmf aomvkyfaqmifr_rsm;udk vkyfaqmifay;&rnf? 13
CRC.pmd 13 3/11/2005, 7:18 PM
Ttydk'fwGif pmcsKyfygtcGifhta&;rsm;tm; cJGjcm;jcif;rSdbJ uav; wdi;f cHpm;ydicionf[k azmfjyxm;onf? xdo@kd cJjG cm;qufqjH cif; rSap&eft k k f G hf dS k d wGuf tpdk;&rsm;uvnf; umuG,fay;&efvdktyfa=umif; azmfjyxm;onf? ,ckpmyd'wif yg0ifaomcJjG cm;zdEyr_ trsK;d tpm;rsm;rSm vdiujGJ ym;r_utajc k f G dS f f kd cHaom cJjG cm;qufqrrsm;/ bmoma&;uJjG ym;r_utajccHaom cJjG cm;qufqr_ H _ kd H rsm;/ vlrsK;d a&;tajccHaom cJjG cm;qufqrrsm;/ vlwa,muf.tom;ta&mif H_ ajymqdonfbmompum;/ Ediiom;jzpfrEihf wdi;f &if;om;jzpfrw@kd ukd tajccH k h kfH _ S k _ I jzpfay:vmaom cJGjcm;qufqHr_rsm; ponfwdk@jzpfonf? uav;rsm; tcGifhta&;rsm;qdkif&mpmcsKyfwGif ,cifSdcJh+yD;om;jzpf aom vl@tcGifhta&;pmcsKyfrsm;Y azmfjyxm;cJhjcif;rdSonfh cJGjcm;qufqHr_ trsK;d tpm;wckyg0ifonfuawG@Eionf? xdcjGJ cm;qufqrtrsK;d tpm;rSm kyf kd kd f k H _ ydkif;ESifhpdwfydkif;qdkif&mzHG@zd;r_ aESmifhaES;aomuav;rsm;tm; cJGjcm;qufqHjcif; jzpf+yD; xduav;rsm;tay: cJjG cm;qufqrtm;wm;qD;&ef ,cktyd'wif azmf k H _ k f G jyxm;onf? vl@tcGifhta&; pmcsKyfpmwrf;rsm;wGif azmfjyxm;vsufSdaomfvnf; ,ckxufwdkif EdkifiHtawmfrsm;rsm;wGif qufvufwnfSdaom cJGjcm;qufqH jcif;wrsKd;rSm w&m;0ifvufxyfxdrf;jrm;xm;jcif;rSdaom rdbrsm;rSarG;zGm; vmonfuav;rsm;tay: cJjG cm;qufqjH cif;/ od@k r[kwf uav;arG;zGm;cJonfh h h ta=umif;t&mtay: tajccHI cJjG cm;qufqjH cif;yifjzpfonf? xduav;rsm; k rSm zciftrnfrwyfEibJ arG;zGm;cJaomuav;rsm; od@k r[kwf w&m;0ifvuf kd f h xyfrxm;aom rdbrsm;rS arG;zGm;vmaomuav;rsm;udk qdkvdkjcif;jzpfonf? xdkodk@aomuav;rsm;udk cJGjcm;qufqHjcif;ry&ef ,cktydk'fu wm;jrpfxm; ovdk arG;pm;xm;aomuav;rsm;udkvnf; xdktcsuftay:tajccHI cJGjcm; qufqHjcif;ry&ef wm;jrpfxm;onf? xdr#ru vlrtqiftwef;ESihf ypPn;f OpPmydiqirutajccHI qif;&J k _ h k f kd f _ kd EGr;f yg;aomuav;rsm;udk cJjG cm;qufqjH cif;ry&efuvnf; wm;jrpfxm;onf? kd tb,fa=umifqaomf vl@tcGita&;qdonfrm qif;&Jcsr;f omraG; vlom; h kd hf k S 14
CRC.pmd
14
3/11/2005, 7:18 PM
wdkif;twGuf jzpfaoma=umifhyif? od@k aomf tkyptcsKd tay: tjcm;tkyprsm;xuf uJjG ym;pGmouf f k f k a&mufrapaom Oya'pnf;urf;wdi;f udk cJjG cm;zdEyonf[k rqdEiay? Oyrm _ dS k dS f k kd f ,mOfarmif;vdipifajz&eftwGuf rsupprf;oyfppfaq;r_ukd rsurjrifrsm;tm; kf f d f cJjG cm;qufqjH cif;[k rqdEiay? Oya'pnf;urf;wckonf tkypwpktm; tjcm; k kd f fk tkyfpkrsm;xuf ydkrdkjyif;xefaom oufa&mufr_wckjzpfapygu xdktkyfpktay: oufa&mufaom qdk;usKd;oufa&mufapr_ESifh xdkolwdk@.tcGifhta&;rsm;udk bufr#atmif xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;+yD;rS xdkpnf;urf;Oya'rsm;csrSwf&ef usKd; a=umif;qDavsmrdS rS/d vdtyfrdS rS/d xdo@kd aomyrm%txd owfrw&efvkd f_ k _ k S f tyfr_Sd rSdwdk@udk avhvmoHk;oyf&rnfjzpfonf? ausmif;0ifcGifhpmar;yJGrsm;ESifh pmar;yJGppfaq;I trSwfjzifhaG;cs,f aom vkyfief;rsKd;wGif rnfonfhta=umif;a=umif;wdk@a=umifhrS cJGjcm;qufqH jcif;rSdap&atmif vkyfaqmifoifhonf? uav;oli,frsm;. taumif;qHk; aumif;usK;d rsm;udk tmrcHEi&eftwGuf xdo@dk vyaqmifrrsK;d rsm;wGif uav; kd f k k f _ wdkif;. wOD;csif;tajctaeESifh b0rsm;udk xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;&efvdktyfonf? Ediitawmfrsm;rsm;wGif pdwyi;f qdi&m od@k r[kwf kyyi;f qdi&mzHG zd;r_ kfH f kd k f f kd k f aESmifaES;aom uav;i,frsm;tay: cJjG cm;qufqr/_ w&m;0ifvufxyfxr;f h H d jrm;xm;jcif;rSaom rdbrsm;rSarG;zGm;vmaom uav;rsm;tm; cJjG cm;qufqH d r_ESifh rdbrsm;udk,fwdkifu om;a,musfm;av;ESifh orD;rdef;uav;wdk@t=um; om;a,mufsm;av;tm; ydkrdkvdkvm;awmifhwI tcGifhxl;ay;r_rsm; ,ae@wdkif wnfSdaeqJjzpfonf?
15
CRC.pmd 15 3/11/2005, 7:18 PM
tyd'f (3) k
uav;rsm;tm;umuG,ay;&efwm0efEihf uav;rsm;\ f S taumif;qH;k tusKd;udav;pm;&ef k
(1) trsm;jynfoEihf od@k r[kwf yk*vuapmifaSmufa&;Xme/ w&m; l S ~ d h H;k awmfrsm;/ tkycsKyfa&;wm0eforsm;ESihf Oya'jyXmef;a&; tpdwtydi;f rsm; f dS l f k wdk@wGif uav;rsm;ESifhywfoufI rnfonfhvkyfaqmifr_wckckudk vkyfaqmif onfjzpfap uav;rsm;. taumif;qHk;tusKd;udk t"duxnfhoGif;pOf;pm;& rnf? (2) pmcsKyftzJ@G 0ifEiirsm;onf uav;jzpfo. b0om,mcsr;f ajrh kd f H l a&;twGuf vdtyfaomumuG,r/_ apmifaSmufrrsm;udk tmrcHonftaejzifh k f h _ h oifavsmaom Oya'ya&;ESihf tkycsKyfa&;vkyaqmifcsursm;udk taumift h f f f f xnfazmf&mwGif xduav;. rdbrsm;/ w&m;0iftyxe;f olrsm;ESihf uav;t k kf d wGuwm0efaom tjcm;olrsm;.tcGita&;ESihf wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;udk xnfh f dS hf oGif;pOf;pm;&rnf? (3) pmcsKyftzJG@0ifEdkifiHrsm;onf uav;rsm;udk umuG,fay;&efESifh 16
CRC.pmd
16
3/11/2005, 7:18 PM
apmifaSmufay;&ef wm0ef&aomXmersm;/ vkyief;rsm;/ tpDtpOfrsm;taejzifh h dS f uav;rsm;. vHk cHa&;/ use;f rma&;ESihf oifawmfvavmufaom ta&twGuf h kH Sonfh 0efxrf;rsm;&Sa&; paomuwd@k wif t&nftcsi;f jynfronfh wm d d G h D 0efSdolrsm;u csrSwfxm;aom owfrSwfcsuftqifhtwef;rsm;twdkif; vkyf udkifaqmifGufEdkifap&ef tmrcHay;&rnf? Ttyd'onf txl;tcGita&;udk oD;jcm;owfrwxm;jcif; r[kwf kf hf S f ay? uav;rsm;vdktyfaom umuG,fr_/ apmifhaSmufr_rsm;tm;vHk; &SdcHpm; Edkifap&ef tpdk;&taejzifh tmrcHay;&eftwGuf pmcsKyf.tjcm;tydk'frsm;jzpf aom (1) (2) (4) ESihf (5) wd@k Eitwl owfrwxm;jcif;jzpfonf? tpd;k &u S hf S f tmrcH&ef wm0efSdr_udkomru rdbrsm;. avsmfuefoifhawmfaom tcef; uESifh uav;.zHG@zd;wkd;wufr_ESifhoifhavsmfaom uav;.yl;aygif;aqmif Gurw@kd uyg todtrSwf yxm;onf? xdo@kd &nfre;f csursm; atmifjrifap&ef f _ kd k S f twGuf tpdk;&Xmeqdkif&mtm;vHk;u 0dkif;0ef;tm;pdkufaqmifGuf&rnfjzpf a=umif; Ttyd'uqdxm;onf? tpd;k &vufatmufdS at*siprsm;uvnf; k f k f D uav;rsm;tm; umuG,fapmifhaSmufr_ESifhywfoufI vdktyfaomvkyfief; rsm;udk rdrdwdk@vkyfudkif&ef wm0efSdonfhtwdkif;twmtavsmuf tpGrf;ukef enf;vrf;aygif;pHkjzifh vkyfaqmif&rnfjzpfonf? xdkodk@vkyfaqmif&rnfh vkyf ief;rsK;d qdonfrm Oyrmtm;jzifh uav;i,frsm;ESiywfoufonfh ay:vpDrsm; k S hf tm; ydkrdkaumif;rGefvmatmif ajymif;vJay;jcif;/ uav;rsm;/ rdom;pkrsm;ESifh ywfoufonfh tpDtpOfopfrsm;udk pDpOfaqmifuay;jcif; ponfw@kd uqvkd G f kd kd onf? tpd;k &vufatmufdS at*siprsm;uvnf; uav;rsm;tm; umuG,f f D apmifaSmufrEiywfoufI vdtyfaomvkyief;rsm;udk aqmifuay;jcif;t h _ S hf k f G f jyif uav;rsm;udk tultnDtaxmuftyhrsm;ay;aeaom yk*vuausmif; H ~ d rsm;/ aetdrrsm;ESihf tjcm;ae&mrsm;wGivnf; aumif;rGevkH cHoifawmfaom f f f h tqifhtwef;rsm; csrSwftaumiftxnfazmfEdkif&eftwGuf vkyfaqmif&ay rnf? Oya'yrdKiftaejzifvnf; uav;rsm;. taumif;qH;k tusK;d tm; h 17
CRC.pmd 17 3/11/2005, 7:18 PM
tajccHtusq;kH tcsutjzpf OD;xdyyefI xdo@dk tusK;d jzpfapEdirnfh Oya't f f k kf opfrsm;jyXmef;jcif;/ rudkufnDonfhOya'a[mif;rsm; zsufodrf;jcif;wdk@udk vkyf aqmifum Tpmydk'fyg&nfrSef;csufrsm; &Sdvmatmif0dkif; 0ef;yhHydk;ay;&rnf? xdkodk@ yHhydk;ay;Edkif&eftwGuf Oya'jyXmef;olrsm;onf uav;rsm;tm;ouf a&mufr_Sdaprnfh Oya'rsm;udk SmazGjyXmef;ay;&ef vdktyfonf? Oya'opf rsm;jyXmef;&mwGif xdkOya'opfa=umifh uav;rsm;tay: rnfonfhaumif; usK;d / qd;k usK;d rsm; oufa&mufraprnfqaom tcsursm;udk tjcm;xnfoi;f _ dS kd f h G pOf;pm;&onfh tcsufrsm;enf;wl xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;&ef vdktyfonf? Ttydk'f(3)wGif w&m;Hk;rsm;/ vlr_0efxrf;at*sifpDrsm;ESifh tpdk;&. tkyfcsKyfa&;qdkif&m XmetoD;oD;wdk@u uav;rsm;ESifhoufqdkifaom qHk;jzwf csufrsm; csrSwfonfhtcgwdkif; uav;rsm;.taumif;qHk;tusKd;tm; tajccH tusqHk;tcsuftjzpf xnhfoGif;pOf;pm;r_udk vkyfaqmif&rnf[k azmfjyxm; kf onf? tpd;k &. tkycsKyfa&;qdi&mXmersm;qdonfrm tpd;k &ydiausmif;rsm;. f kf k S tkycsKyfa&;tzJ@G rsm;/ tpd;k &aq;krsm;. tkycsKyfa&;'guwmrsm;ESihf rdawmf f H f kd f 0efrsm; tpSdolwdk@yg0ifonf? xdkolwdk@ csrSwftwnfyvdkufaom uav; rsm;ESifh oufqdkifonfh/ uav;rsm;tay: oufa&mufr_Sdonfh qHk;jzwfcsuf wdkif;wGif xdkqHk;jzwfcsufa=umifh uav;rsm;tay: rnfuJhokd@ oufa&mufr_ Svrrnfqaomtcsursm;udk rysuruGuf xnfoi;f pOf;pm;&rnfjzpfonf? d d hf kd f f h G S f uav;rsm;.taumif;qH;k tusK;d qdonfrm uav;rsm;.qEN rSeor#ukd k xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;&rnf[k qdkvdkjcif;r[kwfbJ uav;rsm;twGuf taumif; qH;k jzpfonf[k usK;d a=umif;qDavsmpmjzifh vltrsm;pku vufcxm;aom t f G H csutm; qdvjkd cif;jzpfonfukd oabmaygu&ef vdtyfonf? xdo@kd taumif; f k f k k qHk;tusKd;udk xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;&mwGifvnf; uav;rsm;tm;vHk;twGuf t aumif;qH;k jzpfonf[k odr;f uH;I a,bl,sqefqef v$r;f cHI pOf;pm;jcif;rsK;d r [kwbJ uav;wa,mufcsi;f . trSewu,fvtyfcsufrsm;/ vkyaqmifEif f f kd f kd pGrf;rsm;ESifh xdkuav;uHawG@ae&aom tajctaewckcsif;tvdkuf pOf;pm; aqmifGuf&ayrnf? 18
CRC.pmd
18
3/11/2005, 7:18 PM
Ttydk'fwGifazmfjyxm;aom uav;rsm;.taumif;qHk;tusKd;udk tajccHtusqHk;tcsuftjzpf xnhfoGif;pOf;pm;r_udk vkyfaqmif&rnfqdkonfh t,ltqonf tusKd;pD;yGm;rsm;udk [efcsufnDatmifvkyfaqmifjcif; [l aom w&m;Hk;wGif tr_rsm;pD&if&mYtoHk;yaom oabmw&m;ESifh quf pyfaeonf? w&mH;k rsm;wGif ajzSi;f onfh w&m;a&;qdi&m tr_tcif;trsm; kf pkonf vlwOD;wa,mufEihf tjcm;olwOD;wa,muft=um; od@k r[kwf vlw S OD;wa,mufESifh tjcm;aomtkyfpkrsm;t=um; tusKd;pD;yGm;csif; ydyuQjzpf yGm;aom tr_rsm;jzpfonf? taumif;qH;k tusK;d pD;yGm;qdaom t,ltqudk k uav;.tusK;d pD;yGm;ESihf tjcm;olrsm;.tusK;d pD;yGm; od@k r[kwf tjcm;taxG axGpD;yGm; odk@r[kwf tjcm;taxGaxGydyuQrsm; jzpfyGm;onfhtcgrsKd;wGif toH;k y ajzSi;f oifonf? xdt,ltqonf w&m;H;k awmfEihf wm0efonfh h k S dS tm%mydkifrsm;taejzifh qHk;jzwfcsufrsm; csrSwfonfhtcgwGif uav;rsm; tay: oufa&mufr_Sdonfh tcsufrsm;oufoufudkom xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;& rnf/ tjcm;olrsm;.tcGifhta&;ESifh tusKd;pD;yGm;rsm;xuf uav;rsm;.t usKd;pD;yGm;udk ydkrdktav;ay; xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;&rnf[k qdkvdkjcif;rsKd;r[kwfay? uav;rsm;ESifhywfoufonfh qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;csrSwf&mwGif uav;rsm;tay: rnfonfhtusKd;rsm; oufa&mufaprnfqdkaomtcsuftm; ta&;}uD;aom tcsufwcsuftjzifh xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;&efudkom qdkvdkjcif;jzpfonf? xdk@jyif xdo@kd q;kH jzwfcsrwf aqmifuorsm;onf t&nftcsi;f jynfraom tm%m k S G f l h DS ydkifrsm;jzpf&ef vdktyfonf?
19
CRC.pmd 19 3/11/2005, 7:18 PM
tyd'f (4) k
uav;tcGita&;rsm;udumuG,ay;&eftwGuf aqmifuay;csufrsm; hf k f G f
pmcsKyftzJ@G 0ifEiirsm;onf ,ckoabmwlpmcsKyfwif todtrSwf y kd f H G xm;aom tcGita&;rsm; taumiftxnf ay:ayguvmapa&;twGuf oifh hf f awmfaomuav;rsm;. tcGifhta&;rsm;udk umuG,fonfhae&mwGif Oya' oufoufjzifom rvHavmufaoma=umifh tjcm;aomtkycsKyfa&;ydi;f qdi&m h k f k kf vkyaqmifcsursm;udyg aqmifu&rnf[k Ttyd'wif qdxm;onf? tkyf f f k G f k f G k csKyfa&;ydi;f qdi&m vkyaqmifrrsm;qdonfrm Oya'rsm;twdi;f vufawGus k kf f _ k S k us vkyaqmifEi&eftwGuf vdtyfaomtpDtpOfrsm; csrwjf cif;/ pDrue;f rsm; f kd f k S H d jyifqifjcif;ponfwdk@udk qdkvdkjcif;jzpfonf? Oyrm - jynfolydkifausmif;rsm;/ aq;Hkrsm;/ tyef;ajzyef;+cHrsm;taejzifh uav;rsm;twGuf aysmf$ifpGmtoHk; yEdkifaom tajctaersKd;SdrSd avhvmoHk;oyfjcif;/ uav;rsm;.tpDtpOf twGuf vdktyfaomypPnf;ud&d,mrsm; 0,f,ljcif;/ uav;rsm;toHk;yavhSd aom taqmuftOD;rsm;tm; oef@i;f jcif;ESijhf yifqifjcif;/ uav;rsm;ESiywf S hf oufonfhvkyfief;rsm;wGif vkyfudkifaeaom0efxrf;rsm;tm; uav;tcGifht 20
CRC.pmd
20
3/11/2005, 7:18 PM
a&;rsm; em;vnfoabmayguatmif avhusiynmay;jcif;/ apwemh0efxrf; f hf vkyom;rsm;/ vlxpnf;k;H a&;vkyom;rsm; ydrrsm;jym;vmatmif arG;xkway; f k f k kd f jcif;wd@k tjyif uav;oli,ftcGita&;qdi&m pmcsKyfygtcsursm;ukd jynfol hf kf f vlxktrsm;u odSdem;vnfap&ef vkyfaqmifjcif;wdk@jzpfonf? xdkokd@ vkyfief;rsm;aqmifGuf&mwGif aiGa=u;oHk;pJG&r_rsm;/ ukefusr_ rsm;SaprnfjzpfonftwGuf tpd;k &taejzifh rdrwiaom bmaiGa=u;rsm; d h d G f dS xJrS wwfEior# trsm;qH;k xkw,o;kH pJI uav;tcGita&;rsm; umuG,f kd f f l G hf ay;Edkifa&;twGuf toHk;y&rnf[k ,cktydk'fwGifazmfjyxm;onf? uav; tcGifhta&;rsm; umuG,fonfhae&mwGif bmaiGa=u;rSmta&;ygaom t a=umif;t&mw&yf jzpfvsuonf? uav;rsm;. vGwvyfpmxkwazmfajym f dS f G f qdkcGifhESifh uav;rsm;. wifjyajymqdkcsufrsm;udk ta&;w,lem;pdkufaxmif onfh udprsK;d wGif aiGa=u;ukeusp&m rvdvaomfvnf; uav;rsm;. use;f rm P f k S a&;ESiynma&;rsm; axmufyay;&efqonfuprsK;d wGif aiGa=u;ukeusr_ Svm hf Hh kd h d P f d +yDjzpfonf? xd@k twGuf ,cktyd'wif xdo@kd aomtcGita&;rsm;ESihf ywfouf kf G k hf I tpd;k &onf rdrwiaom&if;jrpfrsm;udk twwfEiq;kH ESihf tpGr;f uketoH;k d G f dS kd f f yI vdtyfygu tjcm;Ediiwum. yl;aygi;f aqmifuvyaqmifr_ vkyief; k kfH G f k f f abmiftwGi;f vkyaqmifay;&ef [lIazmfjyxm;onf? qdvonfrm tu,f f k kd S I tpdk;&taejzifh xdkodk@aiGa=u;ukefuscH&ef vHkavmufr_rSdygu urBmhukv or*~/ uav;rsm;&HyaiGtzJ@G / tjcm;tpd;k &rsm;ESihf tpd;k &r[kwaom tzJ@G t kH f pnf;rsm;xHrS u|rf;usifr_qdkif&mESifh pufr_ud&d,m tultnDrsm;tygt0if tjcm;aomtultnDrsm;udk Sm}uHawmif;cHEdkifonf[k qdkvdkjcif;jzpfonf?
21
CRC.pmd 21 3/11/2005, 7:18 PM
tyd'f (5) k
rdbrsm;ESihf uav;rsm;tcGita&; hf
pmcsKyftzJG 0ifEiirsm;onf uav;.rdbrsm; od@k r[kwf tcsKd ae&m kd f H rsm;wGif a'ocH"avhrsm;u vufcxm;aom rdom;pk0ifrsm;ESihf &yfmtzJ@G 0if H G rsm; odk@r[kwf w&m;0ifapmifhaSmufcGifhSdaom tkyfxdef;olrsm; odk@r[kwf uav;tm;apmifhaSmuf&ef w&m;0ifwm0efSdaom tjcm;olrsm;. wm0ef/ tcGita&;ESihf 0wW&m;wd@k ukd av;pm;&rnf? ,ckpmcsKyfwiygonfh uav; hf G f dS tcGifhta&;rsm;ESifh vufawG@toHk;csonfhtaejzifh uav;.wjznf;jznf; zH@G zd;wd;k wufvmr_Eiuunaom vrf;!$er/_ n$e=f um;r_Eihf enf;vrf;jyor_ S hf kd f D f S wdk@ yvkyfay;&rnf? uav;oli,ftcGifhta&;qdkif&mpmcsKyft& touf(18)ESpfatmuf tG,tm;vH;k udk uav;rsm;tjzpf owfrwxm;onf? xd@k o@kd qygu &ifcif f S f kd G ydkufuav;rsm;onf q,fausmfoufuav;rsm;ESifh wef;wltcGifhta&;Sdo vm;[lI ar;p&m/ awG;p&mjzpfvmonf? xdkar;p&mar;cGef;udk ,cktydk'f 22
CRC.pmd
22
3/11/2005, 7:18 PM
(5)u ulnajz=um;xm;onf? xd@k jyif rdr&ifaoG;rsm;. tcGita&;rsm; wd;k D d hf wufjrifhrm;atmifvkyfaqmif&ef rdbrsm;YSdaom wm0efrsm;udkvnf; Sif; vif;azmfjyxm;onf? ,ckpmyd'wif rdbrsm;taejzifh &ifaoG;rsm;tm; pmcsKyfygtcGita&; kf G hf rsm;udk rnfuJhodk@toHk;ycHpm;oifhonfqdkaom tcsufESifhywfoufI oifh avsmfaom vrf;!Gefr_ESifhxdef;ausmif;r_rsm; vkyfaqmif&ef tcGifhta&;ESifh wm0efrsm; Sonf[qxm;onf? xdo@kd vrf;!Gerrsm;ESihf xde;f ausmif;r_rsm; d k kd k f_ vkyfaqmif&mwGif uav;i,f. }uD;xGm;&ifhusufvmaom pGrf;&nfESifhtnD vdkufavsmnDaxGpGm ajymif;vJ&rnf[k ,cktydk'fwGif qdkxm;onf? qdkvdk onfrm uav;rsm;. aG;cs,r/_ qH;k jzwfcsursm;ESiywfouf+yD; rnfonft S f f hf h qifhtxd aG;cs,fqHk;jzwfcGifhyoifha=umif;udk rdbrsm;u owfrSwfcGifhyoifh onf/ owfrwcihf yEdionf[k qdvjkd cif;jzpfonf? rdbrsm;u rdrw@kd &ifaoG; S fG kf k d rsm;udk if;wdk@cHpm;cGifhSdaom tcGifhta&;rsm;tm; wm0efododjzifh usifhoHk; wwfap&ef ynmay;ysKd;axmifay;&efvdktyfonf? rnfr#avmuftqifhtxd qH;k jzwfaG;cs,cihf y&rnf/ rnfonfuprsm;udk aqG;aEG;oifonf/ rnfonfq;kH fG h d P h h jzwfcsufrsm;udk uav;rsm;tm;qHk; jzwfcihf ay;oifonfqaom tcsuf G h kd rsm;onf xduav;i,f. touft k G,Ei&ifusurw@kd tay:wGif rlwnf f S hf h f _ ygonf? rd b rsm;. &if a oG ; rsm;t ay: vrf;!$efxdef;ausmif;r_rsm; y vkyfyHkyvkyfenf;rsm;onf uav;t cGita&;tay: vufcxm;onfh xdrd hf H k brsm;. tjrifoabmxm;rsm;/ em; vnf o d S d r _ / touf t G , f r wl n D aom uav;tkyprsm;. vdtyfcsuf fk k 23
CRC.pmd 23 3/11/2005, 7:18 PM
ESifh pGrf;aqmifEdkifr_pGrf;&nf/ uav;rsm; rnfodk@yrlvkyfudkifoifhonf[k rdb rsm;u ,Hk=unfowfrSwfxm;aomtcsufrsm;/ uav;rsm;tay: rdbrsm;u csrwxm;aom tqH;k tr/ pnf;urf;enf;vrf;rsm;wd@k tjyif if;wd@k u,wif S f kd f kd jzwfoef;vmcJhaom udk,fydkifuav;b0 tawG@tuHrsm;tay: rsm;pGmrSD wnfaeygonf? ,cktyd'wiazmfjyxm;onfh rdrw@kd .uav;rsm;udk rdbrsm; kf Gf d u rnfuo@kd aomenf;jzifh vrf;!$exe;f ausmif;oifovJ qdaomtcsuEihf hJ f d h k f S ywfoufonfh ar;cGe;f rsK;d udajz=um;&mwGif EdiiwEdiiEiwEdii/H rdom;pkwpk k k f H k f H S hf k f ESiwpk wlnEivrrnfr[kwyg? ,cktyd'wivnf; uav;rsm;udk rdbrsm; hf D kd f d hf f k f Gf urnfonfhenf;jzifh vrf;!$efxdef;ausmif;&rnfqdkaom pHjytajzwckudkrS ajzqdxm;jcif;rSyg? uav;tm;vH;k twGuf udunrnfh tajzwrsK;d wnf;udk k d k f D vnf; ay;Edirnfr[kwyg? rdr.om; od@k r[kwf orD;jzpfotm; ydrvwvyf kf f d l k kd G f cGifhay;oifh+yDvm;/ uav;ESifhywfoufaom qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;udk rdbrsm;u qufvufq;kH jzwfay;oifaeqJvm; qdaomtcsursm;udk rdbrsm;uom qif h k f jcifqHk;jzwf&rnfjzpfonf? od@k &mwGif rdbrsm;taejzifh rdr&ifaoG;rsm;udk vrf;!$exe;f ausmif; d f d &mwGif TpmcsKyfYyg0ifaom uav;tcGifhta&;rsm;udk rav;pm;Ir&[k ,cktyd'wif jyefvnfuef@owfxm;ygonf? qdvonfrm rdbrsm;onf ,ck kf G k kd S pmcsKyfyg uav;tcGifhta&;rsm;udk vHk;0vspfvsL_xm;jcif;/ uav;rsm;. tajccHtcGita&;rsm;udk cHpm;cGirybJ tvGetrif;csKyfcs,ve;f jcif;/ wcsuf hf hf f f G v$wftm%moHk;I rdboabmoufoufjzifhom qHk;jzwfcsufcsrSwfay;jcif; wdk@udk ryvkyfEdkifay? odk@&mwGif tpdk;&onf rdbrsm;.&ifaoG;rsm;tay: vrf;!$efxdef; ausmif; oGefoifEdkifcGifhudk av;pm;&ayrnf? rdom;pktwGif;wGif jzpfyGm;ae aom tdrfwGif;a&;rsm;onf xdkrdom;pk. udk,fa&;udk,fwm yk*~vdua&;&m rsm;jzpfa=umif;udk av;pm;&rnf? xd@k twGua=umifh rdbrsm;ESi&ifaoG;rsm;t f hf =um; qufqa&;udk av;pm;&rnf? trSewu,f }uD;rm;aomjy\emw&yf H f ray:ayguvmrcsi;f tpd;k &taejzifh xdrom;pktm; txl;eD;uyfpm apmif=h uyf f kd G 24
CRC.pmd
24
3/11/2005, 7:18 PM
=unhf_aejcif;rsKd; rvkyfoifhay? ,cktyd'ygtcsursm;udusio;kH &mwGif rdbrsm;. &ifaoG;rsm;tay: k f f k hf xdef;ausmif;oGefoifqHk;rcGifhudk tpdk;&uav;pm;&ef vdktyfovdk rdbrsm;u vnf; rdrd&ifaoG;rsm;.tcGifhta&;rsm;udk av;pm;&efvdktyfonfh tcsufESpf csupvH;k udk [efcsunnjD zifh rysuruGuusio;kH =u&ef txl;vdtyfvonf? f f D f f hf k S tu,fI rdbjzpfou rdr&ifaoG;.tcGita&;tay: av;pm;jcif;rSonft l d hf d h cgrsKd;wGif tpdk;&taejzifh yg0ifywfoufr_y&rnfjzpf+yD; xdkrdb.&ifaoG;tm; xde;f ausmif;oGeoifq;kH rcGiukd z,fm;ypfEionf? od@k &mwGif &ifaoG;rsm;t f hf S kd f ay: ,cktyd'wif yg0ifaomtcsursm;twdi;f rqufqaoma=umifh xdrb k f G f k H k d rsm;. uav;apmifhaSmufydkifcGifhrSm tvdktavsmuf aysmufysufoGm;rnf r[kwyg? rdbrsm;. &ifaoG;rsm;tm; qufqyEiywfoufI tpd;k &taejzifh f H kH S hf rnfuJhodk@ vkyfudkifaqmifGufoifhonf qdkaomtcsufrsm;udk ,ckpmcsKyfyg tydk'f(9)ESifh (19)wdk@wGif ydkrdktao;pdwfazmfjyxm;onf?
25
CRC.pmd 25 3/11/2005, 7:18 PM
tyd'f (6) k
toufi&yfwnfciEihf zGNYH zdK;wd;k wufcihf Sf G hf S G
(1) pmcsKyftzJG@0ifEdkifiHrsm;onf uav;wdkif;Y arG;&mygtoufSif &yfwnfcGifhSdonfudk todtrSwfy&rnf? (2) pmcsKyftzJG@0ifEdkifiHrsm;onf uav;.toufSifr_ESifh zHG@zd;wdk; wufr_twGuf tjrifhrm;qHk; tmrcHay;&rnf? ,cktyd'onf pmcsKyfygtyd'rsm;xJwif twdq;kH ESihf tSi;f qH;k tyd'f k f k f G k k jzpfonf? toufSifcGifhqdkaomtcGifhta&;udk tajccHtusqHk; tcGifhta&; wcktjzpf uav;tcGifhta&;qdkif&mpmcsKyf ray:cifuwnf;u ay:aygufcJh aom tjcm;vl@tcGifhta&; pmcsKyfpmwrf;rsm;wGif todtrSwfycJh=uonf? xdtcGita&;xJwif wm;qD;&ef ESihf vkyaqmifay;&ef [laom wm0ef k hf G f ESpfrsKd;pvHk; a&m,Sufyg0ifaeonf? wm;qD;ay;&efqdkonfrSm wckckudkrvkyf aqmif&efwm;qD;jcif;udk qdvonf? Oyrm-xGuajy;&efud;pm;aom uav; k kd f udk ypfcwfzrf;qD;jcif;rvkyf&ef/ owif;tcsuftvuf&&eftwGuf uav;udk 26
CRC.pmd
26
3/11/2005, 7:18 PM
ESypufppfaq;jcif;ry&ef/ qENjy&mwGiyg0ifojzifh zrf;qD;cHxm;&aomuav; d f f udk duEujf cif;ry&ef/ tpd;k &aq;Hrsm;wGif aoaocsmcsm ppfaq;ukojcif;r k fS k SonftwGuf aq;ukor_rm;,Gi;f +yD; aoqH;k oGm;aomuav;rsm; rSap&ef d h S d wm;jrpfxm;jcif;wdk@jzpfonf? touficitwGuf vkyaqmifay;&ef[aomtcsuonf txuf S f G hf f l f wGifazmfjyxm;aom wm;qD;&ef[lonfh vkyfief;wm0efxuf ydkrdkus,fjyef@ onf? Oyrm - zsm;emygu aq;0g;ukor_c,yici/hf t[m&csKd wJjh cif; rSap H l kd f G d &eftwGuf vdktyfaomtpm;tpmrsm; vHkavmufpGm&SdcGifh/ avaumif;av oef@rsm;&SdcGifh/ obm0ab;tE W&m,fta=umif; udwifod&SdcGifhwdk@tygt0if uav;rsm; toufiaexdiEi&eftwGuf vdtyfaom tajccHyy;kd r_rsm;tm; S f k f kd f k Hh vHk; uav;rsm;cHpm;&SdEdkifa&;udk qdkvdkjcif;jzpfonf? ,cktyd'ukd jyifqifa&;qJpOfu uav;rsm;. toufi&yfwnf k f G Sf a&;ESifh zHG@zd;wdk;wufa&;wdk@twGuf twwfEdkifqHk; pGrf;tm;Sdor# jznfhpGrf; tmrcHay;&efrSm tpdk;&.wm0efjzpfonf [laomtcsufudk xnfhoGif;&ef ,lequfu wduwe;f tqdwifoi;f cJojzifh xdtcsuyg0ifvmcJjh cif;jzpfonf? D k f G k G h k f f ,lequftaejzifh TpmcsKyfra&;qJruwnf;uyif toufig;ESpatmuf u D G D av;i,frsm; aoqH;k r_Ee;f avsmusap _ h a&;twGuf tm;oGefcGefpdkuf ud;yrf; aqmifuconf? tvG,wuluo G f hJ f k I&aom a&m*grsm;ESifh tjzpfrsm; aom a&m*grsm;a=umifh uav;i,f rsm;raoqH;k &ap&ef aqmf=ov_@H aqmf r_rsm;udk ,leDqufu tifwdkuftm; wdkuf vkyfaqmifcJhonf? xdkodk@aom pmom;rsK;d ,cktyd'wif yg0ifazmfjy k f G xm;EdionftwGuf ,lequf. ud; kf h D yrf;aqmifGufr_rsm; ydkrdktm;aumif; 27
CRC.pmd 27 3/11/2005, 7:18 PM
atmifjrifvmEdkifvdrfhrnf[k ,lqxm;=uonf? tcsKdolrsm;taejzifh toufSif&yfwnfr_ [laom pum;vHk;w vH;k xJonf t"dym,fjynfpr_ tESpom&rS[k ,lq=uonf? toufi&yf ` h kH f d Sf wnfaeHr#jzifh uav;b0wcktwGuf vHavmufjynf0jcif;rS[k xdorsm;u k k h d k l axmufjy=uonf? xd@k twGua=umifh toufi&yfwnfaeHr#omru zH@G zd; f Sf k wdk;wufr_ vdktyfonf[kqdkum zHG@zd;wdk;wufr_ [laom pum;vHk;udkyg Tpmyd'wif xnfoi;f cJjh cif;jzpfonf? uav;oli,fwa,muf toufiae kf G h G Sf Houfoufomru uav;.b0 wefz;kd jynf0aumif;rGe&eftwGuf zH@G zd;wd;k k h f wuf&efvnf;vdtyfa=umif; ,ckpmyd'u azmfjyaeonf? uav;wa,muf k kf zHG@zd;wdk;wufap&eftwGuf xdkuav;. kyfydkif;/ pdwfydkif;/ vlr_a&;ydkif;qdkif&m tcsuftvufrsm;/ vlwef;aphwdk;wufapEdkif&ef ynmoif=um;cGifhtygt0if tjcm;vdktyfaom apmifhaSmufr_rsm;/ vlaer_tqifhtwef;rsm;udk &SdcHpm; Edkif&ef vdktyfvSonf?
28
CRC.pmd 28 3/11/2005, 7:18 PM
tyk'f (7) d
trnfrnciEihf vlrsKd;owfrwcyicihf S hf G hf S S f H kd f G
(1) uav;wa,mufonf arG;zGm;+yD;onfESifh csufcsif;arG;pm&if; rSwfyHkwifEdkif+yD; arG;zGm;uwnf;u if;.trnfrSnfhydkifcGihfESifh vlrsKd;owfrSwf cHyicionf? jzpfEiygu ol od@k r[kwf olr. rdbrsm;tm;odciEihf rdbrsm; kd f G hf dS kd f dS G hf S .apmifhaSmufr_udk cH,lydkifcGifhSdonf? (2) pmcsKyftzJ@G 0ifEiirsm;onf txufwiazmfjyxm;aom uav; kd f H Gf tcGifhta&;rsm;udk EdkifiHawmfOya'rsm;ESifhtnD taumiftxnfazmf&efESifh xdkuav;onf EdkifiHrJhuav;wa,muf jzpfroGm;&atmif EdkifiHwum Oy a'rsm;t& vdkufemav;pm;&ef tmrcH&rnfjzpfonf? tydk'f(7)t& arG;zGm;vmaom uav;i,fwdkif;onf arG;zGm;vm +yD;+yD;csif;rSpI trnfrSnfhac:ydkifcGifhESifh arG;pm&if;rSwfyHkwifydkifcGifhSdonf?arG; pm&if; rSwywifjcif;qdonfrm xdarG;zGm;vmaom uav;i,f.trnf/ arG; f kH k S k zGm;onfhae@pJG/ xdkuav;i,f. rdcifzcifwdk@.trnfrsm;udk rSwfyHkwifjcif;jzpf onf? arG;zGm;onfh ae@prwwrf;onf aemifwcsef uav;}uD;jyif;vmonfh GJ S f d 29
CRC.pmd 29 3/11/2005, 7:18 PM
tcg w&m;a&;udpPrsm;wGif taxmuftxm;tjzpf wifjyEdkif&eftwGuf t a&;}uD;vSonf? txl;ojzifh xdkuav;i,f ausmif;wufonfhtG,fa&muf onfhtcsdefwGif ausmif;wufEdkif&eftwGuf oufaotaxmuftxm;jy&m wGif arG;zGm;onfhae@pJGonf ta&;}uD;vSonf? Ttydk'fwGif uav;i,fwdkif;onf arG;zGm;onfhtcsdefupI EdkifiH wEdkifiH. EdkifiHom;tjzpf rSwfyHkwiftodtrSwfycHydkifcGifh wm0efSdaom tm %mydirsm;/ oufqi&mEdiirsm; od@k r[kwf Ediiwumu owfrwxm;aom kf kd f k f H kfH S f Oya'rsm;t& Ediiom;tjzpf todtrSwf ycH&&ef vdtyfonf[om azmfjy kfH k k xm;onfukd awG@&onf? Ediiom;tjzpf todtrSwf ycHEi&efrm enf;vrf; kfH kd f S h k kd f H ESpvrf;Sonf? yxrwrsK;d rSm Ediiwi;f Y arG;zGm;cJaomuav;udk xdEiiOy f d kfH G a't& Ediiom;tjzpf todtrSwf yojzifh Ediiom;jzpfjcif;rsK;d jzpfonf? 'kwd kfH kfH ,wrsKd;rSm arG;zGm;vmonfhuav;udk uav;rdbrsm;.EdkifiHuaeI EdkifiH om;tjzpf todtrSwf yojzifh xduav;i,fonf rdbrsm;Edii. Ediiom; k kfH kfH tjzpf todtrSwfycH&jcif;jzpfonf? rdbrsm;aexdkifonfhEdkifiHwGif arG;zGm;cJhaom uav;wa,muft wGuf vlrsKd;jzpfcGifh/ EdkifiHom;jzpfcGifhESifhywfoufI jy\emrSdEdkifaomfvnf; rdcifjzpfolESifh zcifjzpfolwdk@onf vlrsKd;rwlEdkifiHom;rwlonfh tcgrsKd;wGif vnf;aumif;/ uav;jzpfolonf EdkifiHjcm;wdkif;jynfwGif arG;zGm;vmcJhonfh tcgrsK;d wGivnf;aumif; xduav;. vlrsK;d jzpfci/hf Ediiom;jzpfcionf jy\ f k G kfH G hf emwckjzpfvmEdionf? EdiijH cm;wdi;f jynfwiarG;zGm;cJaom uav;i,f.rdb kf kf k Gf h rsm;onf xdEii.Ediiom;rsm;r[kwbJ EdiijH cm;om;rsm;jzpfaeaoma=umifh k kd f H k f H f kf xdkuav;i,fudk arG;zGm;cJh&mEdkifiHu rdrdEdkifiHom;tjzpf todtrSwfrybJae Ediovdk xdrbrsm;. wdi;f jynf&if;uvnf; xduav;i,fonf EdiijH cm;wdi;f kf kd k k kf k jynfwif arG;zGm;cJaoma=umifh xduav;udk rdrEii.Ediiom;tjzpf todt G h k d kd f H k f H rSwfryonfhtjzpfrsKd;vJ uHawG@Edkifonf? xdktcgrsKd;wGif xdkuav;i,fonf rnfonfhEdkifiHom;rS rjzpfawmhonfhtajctaeodk@ qdkufa&muf&awmhonf? xdo@kd aom uav;i,frsK;d udk wdi;f jynfrhJ (Stateless) uav;rsm;[kac:onf? k k 30
CRC.pmd
30
3/11/2005, 7:18 PM
uav;rsm;taejzifh xdo@kd wi;f jynfrom;aomtjzpfrsK;d rjzpfap&ef xdarG;zGm; k kd hJ G k aomEdiiujzpfap/ rdb.Edii&if;rsm;ujzpfap [ef@wm;ay;Edionf? od@k aomf kfH kfH kf ,cktydk'fwGif xdkodk@tjzpfrsKd;Sdygu rnfonfhwdkif;jynfu rnfuJhodk@aqmif Guf&rnfjzpfa=umif; wdwdusus wm0efowfrSwfay;xm;jcif;rSday? xdk@t wGua=umifh ,cktyd'onf uav;oli,frsm; wdi;f jynfrjhJ zpfjcif;udk tjynfh f k f k t0 umuG,fwm;qD;Edkifjcif;rSday? Tuav;oli,f tcGifhta&;pmcsKyfudk vufrwa&;xdoufoufr[kwbJ trSewu,f av;pm;vduemaom EdiiH S f k Hk f f k f kf rsm;u xdo@kd wi;f jynfrjhJ zpfom;onfuav;rsm; yaysmufapa&;twGuf EdiiH k kd G h kf jcm;wGif rdrdEdkifiHom;rsm;uaeI arG;zGm;cJhaom uav;rsm;udk rdrdEdkifiHom; tjzpf todtrSwfyay;jcif; odk@r[kwf EdkifiHjcm;om;rsm;u rdrdEdkifiHtwGif; arG;zGm;cJhaomuav;rsm;udk rdrdEdkifiHom;tjzpf todtrSwfyjcif;rsm; vkyf aqmifrSom xdkodk@aomwdkif;jynfrJhuav;rsm; ray:aygufap&ef wm;qD;Edkif rnf? tydk'f(7)wGif uav;rsm;taejzifh rdrdwdk@rdbrsm;tm; odSdydkifcGifhESifh xdrbrsm;. apmifaSmufrukd jzpfEior# cH,ci&onf[vnf; azmfjyxm; k d h _ kd f l G hf dS k onf? xdktcsufESifhywfoufI tjcm;aomyHkpHrsdK;udk pmcsKyftydk'f(8)/ (9) (10)ESifh tjcm;tydk'frsm;wGif awG@Edkifonf?
31
CRC.pmd 31 3/11/2005, 7:18 PM
tyd'f (8) k
ud,a&;ud,wmtcsufrsm;&Sci?hf xde;f odr;f cGi?hf k f k f dG
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CRC.pmd
32
3/11/2005, 7:18 PM
cJhjcif;jzpfonf? 1976 ckESpfrS 1982 ckESpftwGif; tm*sifwD;em;EdkifiHudk tm %mSipepf tkyp;kd cJpOftwGi;f tpd;k &udqef@usiorsm;tm; tpd;k &wyfrsm;u f f h k f l v#Kd 0Supm zrf;qD;owfjzwfcaoma=umifh vlrodorod aysmufq;kH r_rsm; t f G hJ l rsm;tjym;jzpfyGm;cJhonf? xdkodk@aysmufqHk;olrsm;xJwGif tcsKdrSm uav;i,f rsm;Saomrdbrsm;/ tcsKd rSm zrf;qD;cHaepOftwGi;f uav;i,frsm;arG;zGm;cJ+h yD; d rS towfcvu&aom rdcifrsm;yg0ifonfukd awG@&onf? xdo@kd rdbrsm;udk H kd f k owfjzwf+yD;aemuf usefSdcJhaomuav;rsm;udk aqGrsKd;rsm;xHodk@ jyefvnf ay;yd@k tyfEjHS cif;rSbJ arG;pm;vdaomolrsm;xHo@kd pm&if;rSwwrf;rSd vufvwf d k f $ py,f vJ$ajymif;ay;tyfcJh=uavhSdonf? xdkuav;rsm;udk arG;pm;olwcsKdrSm xdkuav;. rdbrsm;tm;owfjzwf&mwGif wenf;r[kwfwenf;jzifh yg0if ywfoufaeolrsm;yif jzpfae=uonfudk awG@&onf? tm*sifwD;em;EdkifiHwGif 'Drdkua&pDpepf jyefvnfxGef;um;vmcJhaom tcgwGif rdbrsm;ESifhtwl aysmufqHk;oGm;aom ajr;jzpfolrsm;tm; jyefvnf SmazGEi&eftwGuf aysmufq;kH uav;rsm;. tzd;k tzGm;tcsKd u w&m;Oya' kd f t& xduav;i,frsm; jyefvnfmazGEi&ef ud;yrf;cJ=h uonf? w&m;r0ifarG; k S kd f pm;xm;olrsm;vufxJrS rdrdwdk@ESifhajr;awmfpyfolrsm;udk jyefvnfv$Jajymif;& ,lEdkif&eftwGuf Oya'jzifh jyefvnfud;yrf;cJhonf? tr_udpP awmfawmfrsm; rsm;wGif xdktzdk;tzGm;jzpfolrsm;u rdrdwdk@ajr;jzpfolrsm;udk aq;ynmt& oufaoxlI jyefvnfmazGEic+hJ yD; xduav;rsm;. aqGrsK;d &if;rsm;ESihf uav; S kd f k rsm;udk jyefvnfqufpyfay;EdkifcJhonf? xdkodk@aomtjzpfrsKd;udk vufawG@uH awG@cpm;cJaom tm*siw;D em;EdiirtzJ@G rsm;u uav;rsm;. ud,a&;ud,f H h f kfH S k f k wmtcsursm;udk uav;rsm;od&Scihf ryg0ifrcsi;f uav;oli,frsm; tcGihf f dS d G ta&;qdkif&mpmcsKyfonf tESpfom&Sdrnfr[kwf[k axmufjycJhI Ttydk'f yg0ifvmcJh&jcif;jzpfonf? uav;rsm;. udk,fa&;udk,fwmtcsufrsm;qdkonfrSm rnfonfh tcsufrsm;udk qdkvdka=umif; Ttydk'fwGif Sif;vif;azmfjyxm;onf? tydk'f (8)wGif azmfjyxm;aom uav;rsm;. udk,fa&;udk,fwmtcsufrsm;qdkonf 33
CRC.pmd 33 3/11/2005, 7:18 PM
rSm tydk'f(7)wGifyg0ifaom uav;.tcGifhta&;rsm;jzpfonfh trnfESifh EdkifiHom;jzpfcGifhudk qdkvdkHkomru rdom;pkawmfpyfr_tygt0if tjcm;aom udk,fa&;udk,fwmtcsufrsm; yg0ifonf? xdk@a=umifh Ttydk'fwGifyg0ifaom udk,fa&;udk,fwmtcsufrsm;qdkonfrSm tydk'f(&)wGif azmfjyxm;onfh u av;rsm;taejzifh rdrw@kd rbrsm;tm; odyiciEihf xdrbrsm;. apmifaSmuf d d dS kd f G hf S k d h r_ukd jzpfEior#c,cionf [laomtcsuEihf tawmfrsm;rsm; qifwae kd f H l G hf dS f S l onfukd awG@Eionf? xdtyd'(2)yd'pvH;k udk cHiIajym&rnfqv#if rdom;pk kd f k k f k f kH kd awmfpyfrqonfrm uav;rsm;taejzifh rdr.rdom;pkrsm;udk odciEihf rdb _ kd S d d S G hf S rsm;od@k r[kwf aqGrsK;d awmfpyforsm;. apmifaSmufrukd cHpm;ydicihf ponft l h _ kfG h a=umif;t&mESpfrsKd;udk qdkvdkonf[k t=urf;tm;jzifhqdkEdkifonf? omrefjzpfdk;jzpfpOf tjzpfrsKd;wGifSdaom uav;tawmfrsm;rsm;t wGuf rdbrsm;tm;odSdcGifhESifh rdom;pkawmfpyfr_udk odSdcGifhqdkaomtcsufrSm xl;jcm;vSaom ta=umif;t&mr[kwfaomfvnf; tcsKdaomuav;rsm;t wGuf tcsKdaomtajctaersKd;wGif xdktcsufrSm txl;ta&;}uD;vSonf? jzpfEionftajctaewckrm uav;arG;pm;jcif;yifjzpfonf? arG;pm;cH&aom kd f h S uav;rsm;wGif rdrdwdk@.rdb&if;rsm;udk odSdvdkpdwf/ rdrd.aqGrsKd;&if;csmrsm;udk odvpwf jyif;xefpmSwwfygonf? pdwynmSirsm;vnf; arG;pm;cH&aom dS kd d G d f f uav;rsm;tm; oifhawmfaomtcsdefESifh oifhawmfaomtajctaersKd;wGif if;wdk@. rdb&if;rsm;ta=umif; today;jcif;onf xdkuav;rsm;twGuf aumif;usKd;jzpfaponf[k qdk=uonf? xdkuav;rsKd;twGuf rdrd.rdbrsm;ESifh rdom;pkawmfpyfr_udk odSdcGifhrSm txl;ta&;}uD;ayvdrfhrnf? TtjzpfrsKd; aemufxyfuHawG@Edkifaomuav;rsm;rSm vufxyfxdrf;jrm;xm;jcif;rSdaom rdbrsm;rS ayguzm;vmaomuav;rsm;jzpfonf? xdo@kd aom uav;rsK;d onf f G k rdr. zcifrnfojl zpfonfukd odEi&efcufcEionf? xd@k tjyif ppfya=umifjh zpf d dS kd f J kd f GJ ap/ obm0ab;tE &m,fa=umifjh zpfap rdbrsm;ESihf wuJwjym;pDjzpfc&aom W G hJ uav;rsm;taejzifhvnf; rdrd.rdb&if; rnfoljzpfonfqdkaomtcsufudk ajymjyEdkif&ef cufcJEdkifonf? owdy&eftcsufrSm rdbrsm;ESifh rdom;pkawmf 34
CRC.pmd
34
3/11/2005, 7:18 PM
pyfr_udk odSdcGifhwGifvnf; tjcm;vl@tcGifhta&;rsm;uJhodk@ tqHk;pGef r[kwfbJ cGif;csufSdonfqdkaom tcsufyifjzpfonf? cGif;csufqdkonfrSm uav;rsm; twGuf taumif;qH;k tusK;d ud=k unf&rnf qdaom tydi;f wGijf zpfonf? xdk h k k od@k rdb&if;rsm;ta=umif;udk odom;jcif;a=umifh xduav;twGuf pdwyi;f dS G k f kd qdkif&m emusifxdcdkufcHpm;&rnfqdkygu tcsdefroifhrD todray;oifhay? odk@ aomf xdkrdbta=umif; owif;tcsuftvufudk xdrfcsefxm;onfh&nfG,f csuonf tjcm;olwOD;tm; taESmuft,Sujf zpfrnfukd pd;k &drjf cif;a=umifjh zpf f jcif; odk@r[kwf tjcm;olwOD;. tarGtESpfudk umuG,fapvdkjcif;a=umifh jzpfjcif;qdkygu uav;.rdbtm; odSdydkifcGifhqdkaomtcsufudk ydkrdkOD;pm;ay; &rnf? rnfonfhtajctaersKd;wGifjzpfap uav;.rdom;pkawmfpyfr_ t a=umif;tcsursm;udk aysmufq;kH oGm;apjcif;rSbJ uav;taejzifh odoifod f d h xduaom tajctae/ tcseEihf &ifusurvmaomtcgwif xduav;tm; k f dfS h f _ dS G k today;&rnfjzpfonf? rdbrsm; od@k r[kwf aqGrsK;d awmfpyforsm;. apmifaSmufrukd cHpm;ydif l h _ k cGiqaomtcsuwivnf; tqH;k pGetxdr[kwbJ cGi;f csuonf? xdtcsuf hf kd f Gf f f f dS k ESifhywfoufI jynfhjynfhpHkpHkudk TpmcsKyfyg tydk'f(9)wGif azmfjyxm;onf?
35
CRC.pmd 35 3/11/2005, 7:18 PM
tyd'f (9) k
rdbrsm;ESihf cJcmG ay;jcif; G
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CRC.pmd
36
3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
xkwfazmfajymcGifhSd&rnf? (3) pmcsKyftzJ@G 0ifEiirsm;onf rdbwOD;OD;ESihf od@k r[kwf ESpO;D pvH;k kd f H f ESifh woD;wjcm;pDcJGcGmae&aomuav;tm; uav;.taumif;qHk;tusKd;ESifh k f d f S f S qef@usiaeI awG@ciryjcif;rSv+GJ yD; xduav;.rdbESpO;D pvH;k ESihf tcsereref f G hf ukd,fa&;udk,fwm qufoG,fcGihfudk av;pm;&rnf? (4) xdkodk@oD;jcm;cJGcGmap+yD;aemuf tpdk;&u uav;.rdbwOD;OD; odk@r[kwf ESpfOD;pvHk;udk zrf;qD;xm;jcif;/ axmifcsxm;jcif;/ jynfESifvdkufjcif;/ wdkif;jynfrSxGufcGmapjcif;ESifh axmifoGif;zrf;qD;xm;pOftwGif; aoqHk;oGm; jcif;wdk@ jzpfyGm;cJh+yD;aemuf xdkod@k aysmufqHk;oGm;aom rdom;pk0ifSdaeonfhae &m ta=umif;ESiywfoufonfh ta&;ygaomowif;tcsursm;udk awmif;cH hf f vmygu pmcsKyftzJ@G 0ifEiitaejzifh rdbudjk zpfap/ uav;jzpfoujkd zpfap oifh kd f H l avsmygu tjcm;rdom;pk0ifwOD;udjk zpfap xdowif;tcsursm;udk ay;&rnf? f k f od@k aomf xdowif;tcsutvufa=umifh uav;jzpfo.b0 om,mcsr;f ajrh k f l r_ukd xdcuaprnfqygu xdowif;udray;bJaeEdionf? pmcsKyftzJ@G 0if EdiiH kd f kd k k kf kf rsm;taejzifh xdo@kd owif;tcsutvufrsm;udk odvI awmif;cHvmaom k f dS kd olrsm;udk aemufxyfrnfonfhtusKd;qufrS rcHpm;&ap&eftwGuf tmrcH &rnf? ,ciftyd'(7)wGif uav;rsm;tm; rdbrsm;ESihf wwfEioaG rcJcm kf kd f GG &efazmfjyxm;onfukd avhvmcJ& h +yD;jzpfonf? ,cktyd'(9)wGif w k f csKd aom tajctaersK;d Y uav; taejzifh rdbjzpfoEihf twlwuG lS aexdi&ef roifawmhonfh tajc kf h taersKd;SdEdkifa=umif; azmfjyxm; onf? xdkodk@tajctaersKd; ay: ayguf v mygu rnf u J h o d k @ vk y f aqmifoifha=umif;ESifh rnfuJhodk@ 37
CRC.pmd 37 3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
qHk;jzwfoifha=umif; ,cktydk'f(9)wGif azmfjyxm;ygonf? rdbrsm;ESiuav;jzpfoukd oD;oef@ccmapjcif;wGif ta&;t}uD;qH;k t hf l GJ G csufrSm xdkodk@cJGcGmay;jcif;onf uav;jzpfol. taumif;qHk;tusKd;twGuf kd f h trSewu,fvtyfaoma=umifh vkyaqmif&jcif;jzpf&rnf? rnfonftajct f aersKd;udk trSefwu,fvdktyfaom tajctaersKd;[kowfrSwf&rvJ qdkaom tcsufrSm vG,fulaomtcsufr[kwfvSay? w&m;Oya't&qdk&v#if vdk tyfaomtajctaeqdkonfrSm tjcm;rnfonfhenf;rS rSdawmhonfhtcg rsKd;[lI t"dy`m,fzGihfEdkifonf? xdk@a=umifh ,cktydk'fwGifyg0ifaom uav;. taumif;qHk;tusKd;twGuf trSefwu,fvdktyfaeaom tajctaersKd;qdk onfrSm tjcm;rnfonfhenf;vrf;rS rSdawmhonfhtcgrsKd;rSom uav;tm; rdbjzpfolESifh cJGcGmxm;&rnf[k qdkvdkjcif;jzpfonf? tu,fI rdbrsm;ESifh twlwxm;jcif;a=umifh uav;.taumif;qH;k tusK;d SEiaprnfh tjcm;enf; GJ d kd f vrf;rsm;Sdaeao;ygu uav;ESifhrdbrsm;udk cJGcGmapjcif;ryoifhay? xd@k jyif ,cktyd'wif rnfonftajctae/ rnfonfenf;vrf;rsK;d jzifh k f G h h uav;tm;rdbrsm;ESifh cJGcGmapjcif;yvkyf&rnfudk wdwdususowfrSwfazmfjy xm;aomOya'/ pnf;rsO;f pnf;urf;rsm;udk Ediiawmftpd;k &u jyXmef;&rnf[k kfH azmfjyxm;onf? uav;jzpfoltm;rdbrsm;ESifh woD;wjcm;pD cJGxm;&rnf[l aom tytrlrSm txl;tav;xm;aqmifGuf&rnfh tytrlrsKd;jzpfojzifh EdkifiHtawmfrsm;rsm;wGif xdkqHk;jzwfcsufudk w&m;ol}uD;jzpfoluom trdef@ csEdkifonf? rdbESifhuav;tm; woD;wjcm;pDcJGjcif;udk vlr_vkyfom;rsm;ESifh &Jwyfz@GJ u yvkyaqmifucihf yxm;aomEdiirsK;d wGif Oyrm - uav;jzpfol f G fG kfH udk rdbu tjyif;txefuEuaejcif;udk 0ifa&mufwm;jrpf+yD; rdbESiuav; kd f S f hf tm; woD;wjcm;pD cJxm;jcif;yvmygu rdbESiuav;taejzifh xdo@kd woD; G hf k wjcm;cJxm;jcif;ESiywfoufI w&m;H;k wGif aemufq;kH tpD&ifcsutrde@f &,l G hf f cGifhSdonf? xdkuJhodk@ rdbESifhuav;jzpfoltm; woD;wjcm;pDcJGxm;&eftwGuf pD&ifcsuftrdef@csrSwf&mwGif xdkudpPwGif yg0ifywfoufaeaomolrsm;tm;vHk; 38
CRC.pmd
38
3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
. tusKd;pD;yGm;udk xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;&efvdkonf[k ,cktydk'f(9)wGif azmfjy xm;onf? xdktr_wGifyg0ifaeaomrdcif/ zcifESifh uav;jzpfolrsm;tm;vHk; rdrdt,ltqudk xkwfazmfwifjycGifhSdonf? xdkoloHk;OD;omru xdkrdom;pkESifh ywfoufaeaomtjcm;olrsm; Oyrm- uav;tm; apmifaSmufxe;f ausmif; h d aeonfh tzd;k tzGm;jzpforsm; od@k r[kwf arG;pm;rdbrsm;. t,ltqrsm;udyg l k vdktyfygu ajymqdkcGifhy&rnfjzpfonf? tu,fIuav;wOD;udk rdbESpO;D pvH;k ESijhf zpfap/ rdcif od@k r[kwf zcif f jzpfowOD;OD;ESijhf zpfap woD;wjcm;pDcxm;jcif;cH&ygu xduav;wGif xdo@kd cGJ l GJ k k xm;pOfumvtwGi;f rdbESpO;D pvH;k ESihf qufo,cionf? od@k aomf xdo@kd f G f G h f dS k qufo,ronf uav;jzpfo. taumif;qH;k tusK;d pD;yGm;udk tE &m,fjzpf G f _ l W aprnfqdkygu xdkodk@qufoG,fcGifhudk wm;jrpfEdkifonf? aemufqHk;taejzifh ,cktydk'fwGif rdbrsm;tusOf;axmiftwGif; a&mufaeIjzpfap/ wdi;f jynfrarmif;xkwjf cif;cH&Ijzpfap/ &J od@k r[kwf ppfwyf dS k S .owfjzwfjcif;cH&Ijzpfap uav;jzpfolonf rdbrsm;ESifh woD;wjcm;pD cJG xm;cH&jcif;rsKd;jzpfygu tpdk;&onf xdkuav;tm; if;.rdbrsm; rnfodk@jzpf ysuconfukd today;&rnfjzpfonf? xdtcsutm; ppftm%mSirsm; rw f hJ k f f &m; tkyfcsKyfcJhaomEdkifiHrsm;u wifoGif;cJhI ,ckuJhodk@yg0ifvmjcif;jzpfonf?
39
CRC.pmd 39 3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
tyd'f (10) k
rdbESi&ifaoG;rsm; wdi;f jcm;jynfjcm;wGiaexdiae&ygu hf k f kf
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CRC.pmd
40
3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
rnf? od@k aomf Oya't&jyXmef;ydwyifxm;jcif; od@k r[kwf wdi;f jynf.vHk cHa&;/ f k vlxk+idrf0yfydjym;a&;/ jynfolvlxkusef;rma&;/ pdwf"mwfESifh tjcm;olrsm;. tcGifhta&;ESifhvGwfvyfcGifhrsm;tay: umuG,f&eftwGuf xdkodk@xGufcGmr_udk wm;qD;&efvdktyfaejcif; odk@r[kwf xdkxGufcGmr_onf ,ckpmcsKyfyg tjcm; tcGifhta&;rsm;ESifh qef@usifaejcif;wdk@jzpfaeygu xdkxGufcGmcGifhudk cGifhrybJ aeEdkifonf? ,cktydk'fwGifyg0ifaom tcGifhta&;rsm;/ tcsuftvufrsm;onf wdi;f wyg;wGif oGm;a&muftvkyvyaeaom rdbjzpfo. uav;rsm;/ od@k r k f k f l [kwf rdom;pkucsexm;+yD; tjcm;wdi;f jynfwif 'kuonftjzpf cdvaeaom kd f k G Q k H_ rdbrsm;. &ifaoG;uav;rsm;/ od@k r[kwf tdraxmifuumt+yD; rdbwOD;OD;u f GJ G tjcm;wdkif;jynfwGif oGm;a&muftajccsaexdkif&ef qHk;jzwfvdkufaom rdb jzpfol. uav;rsm;ESifh ywfoufoufqkdifonf? ,cktydk'fonf uav;i,frsm;tm; trSefwu,f aumif;rGefpGm umuG,fay;Edkifjcif; rSdvSay? vl@tcGifhta&; Oya'rsm;t& vlwdkif;onf rd rdwi;f jynftwGi;f vGwvyfpmoGm;vm tajccsaexdicionf? tjcm;wdi;f kd f G k f G hf dS k jynfrsm;odk@vnf; oGm;a&mufcGifhSdonf[k qdkxm;aomfvnf; xdktcGifhta&; rsm;wGif txl;uef@owfcsursm; SonfuawG@&onf? Ediitawmfrsm;rsm;u f d kd kfH rdrdEdkifiHtwGif; 0ifa&mufolrsm;. EdkifiHwGif;0ifa&mufcGifhtay: uef@owf xm;r_trsm;tjym; vkyfaqmifxm;avhSdonf? rdom;pk0ifrsm;onf xdkEdkifiH wGif tajccsaexdkifvsufSdaeonfhwdkif xdkolrsm;. tjcm;aomrdom;pkrsm; wdi;f jynftwGi;f 0ifa&mufciukd tpd;k &rSaeI ydwyifuef@owfrrsm; uHawG@& k G hf f _ wwfonf? EdkifiHwEdkifiHtwGif; rnfol0ifa&mufcGifhSdonf/ rnfol0ifa&mufcGifhr Sd[laom qHk;jzwfcsufudkcsEdkifolrSm oufqdkif&mtpdk;&omjzpfonf? xdkodk@ qHk;jzwfcGifhudk rnfonfhtpdk;&urS pGef@v$wfypfvdrfhrnfr[kwfyg? xdk@twGuf a=umifh ,cktydk'f(10)wGif vlwdkif;rdrdwdkif;jynfrS tjcm;wdkif;jynfodk@xGufcGm cGihf od@k r[kwf jyefvmcGionfukd xyfavmif;azmfjyxm;Hk oufoufomru hf dS 41
CRC.pmd 41 3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
tu,fI rdbrsm;aexdkifvsufSdaomEdkifiHodk@ &ifaoG;uav;jzpfolu 0if a&mufciAZm awmif;cHonftcgrsK;d jzpfap &ifaoG;uav;jzpfol aexdivsuf G hf D h kf SdaomEdkifiHodk@ rdbrsm;u 0ifa&mufcGifhADZmawmif;cHonfhtcgrsKd;wGifjzpfap oufqdkif&mtpdk;&onf vlom;csif;pmemonfhtaejzifh vsifvsifjrefjref t aumif;qH;k wke@f jyefaqmifuay;&rnf[k qdxm;onf? qdvonfrm rdb G f k k kd S rsm;ESifh&ifaoG;rsm; jyefvnfaygif;pnf;qHkawG@Edkif&eftwGuf vdktyfygu tpdk; &onf jynf0ifcGifhADZmrsm; xkwfay;oifha=umif; t}uHay;xm;jcif;jzpfonf? odk@aomf rnfolrqdk EdkifiHtwGif;odk@ rjzpfrae 0ifa&mufcGifhSdonf[k Tt ydk'fu rqdkxm;yg? Ttyd'wif rdbrsm;ESiuav;i,frsm;onf a&jcm;ajrjcm;EdiijH cm; k f G hf kf wGif wuGJwjym;aexdkifae&ygu xdkolwdk@t=um; yk*~vduqufoG,fr_rsm; tcserereonf[k a,bl,stm;jzifqxm;onf? qdvonfrm rdbESiu d f S f S f dS h kd k kd S hf av;rsm;onf udk,fwdkifudk,fus oGm;a&mufvnfywfI r&onfhwdkifatmif wOD;ESifhwOD; tjyeftvSefqufoG,fcGifh Sdoifha=umif;yifjzpfonf?
42
CRC.pmd 42 3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
tyk'f (11) d
uav;i,ftm; wdi;f jynftwGi;f rS w&m;r0ifo,faqmifomG ;jcif; k
(1) pmcsKyftzJG@0ifEdkifiHrsm;onf uav;rsm;tm; w&m;r0ifv$J ajymif;jcif;ESifh EdkifiHjcm;odk@ jyefvrf;rSdac:aqmifoGm;jcif;wdk@udk wdkufzsufEdkif &ef vkyfukdifaqmifGuf&rnf? (2) xdo@kd vyEi&eftwGuf pmcsKyftzJ@G 0ifEiionf ESpEiit=um; k k f kd f kd f H f kd f H ESihf Ediirsm;t=um; oabmwlncsursm; ay:xGe;f vmap&eftwGuf ud;yrf; kfH D f aqmifujf cif;ESihf wnfae+yD;jzpfaom oabmwlnDcsursm;tm; vufrwf G dS f S a&;xdk;jcif;wdk@udk vkyfaqmif&rnf? ,ckacwftcsetcgwif wEdiiEiwEdiit=um; ul;oef;oGm;vmr_ d f G k f H S hf k f H rsm; aS;uxuf ydkrdkrsm;jym;vmvsufSdonf? EdkifiHjcm;wdkif;jynfrsm;odk@ oGm; a&mufvnfywforsm;/ EdiijH cm;wdi;f jynfrsm;wGif tajccsaexdiorsm;vnf; l kf k kf l ydkrdkrsm;jym;vmonf? xdk@jyif vlrsKd;ESifhEdkifiHom;csif;rwlaom olrsm;t=um; vufxyfxdrf;jrm;r_rSmvnf; rxl;qef;awmhaomjzpf&yfrsm; jzpfvmcJhonf? xdkodk@ vlrsKd;rwlaomolrsm; vufxyfaygif;oif;xm;+yD;rS tqifrajyojzifh 43
CRC.pmd 43 3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
uGmSif;jywfpJr_rsm;udkvnf; awG@uHvmcJh=u&onf? xdktcgrsKd;wGif rdbESpf OD;teuf rnfolu&ifaoG;jzpfoludk apmifhaSmufysKd;axmifcGifhSdrvJqdkonfh jy\em ay:vmawmhonf? vlrsKd;rwlaom rdbESpfOD; uGmSif;jywfpJt+yD; EdiijH cm;wdi;f jynftoD;oD;wGif ajymif;aGaexdirnfh tpDtpOfaom tr_rsK;d kf k kf dS Y &ifaoG;udkrnfolu apmifhaSmufcGifhSdonfhtay: qHk;jzwfcsufcsjcif;onf omrefvlrsKd;wl rdbESpfOD;tay: qHk;jzwf&onfxuf ydkrdkcufcJ_yfaxG;aewwf onfudk awG@Edkifonf? rdbESpyg; uGmSi;f jywfpvuygu tcsKd rdcif od@k r[kwf zcifjzpfow f J kd f l OD;OD;uaeI &ifaoG;udk w&m;H;k wGif tqH;k tjzwfc,apjcif;rSbJ rdrEitwl H l d d S hf aexdiapjcif;rsK;d vkywwfonf? od@k r[kwf w&m;H;k u uav;onf rdcifzcif kf f ESpO;D teufrS rnfoEiaexdi&rnf[k pD&ifcsucsrw+f yD;aomfvnf; pD&ifcsuf f l S hf kf f S twdkif;rvdkufembJ aexdkifapmifhaSmufcGifhrSdaom rdcif odk@r[kwf zcifu xduav;tm; ,laqmifom;jcif;rsK;d vnf; Swwfonf? xdo@kd vyaqmifjcif; k G d k k f ESprsK;d pvH;k ukd rdb&if;u uav;tm;jyefay;qJjG cif;[k ac:a0:owfrwEionf? f S f kd f xdo@kd vyaqmifjcif;rsK;d udk wdi;f jynftwGi;f Y vkyaqmifEiovdk uav;tm; k k f k f kd f EdkifiHjcm;wdkif;jynfodk@ ac:aqmifoGm;jcif;rsKd;vnf; Sdwwfonf? uav;jzpf olukd apmifaSmufcirSaom rdbwOD;OD;u uav;tm; wdi;f wyg;od@k w&m; h G hf d k r0if ac:aqmifom;aomtr_rsK;d jzpfygu ajzSi;f &ef txl;cufcwaxG;oGm; G J _ f rnfjzpfonf? xdtcg uav;.rlvEdiit&if;rS wm0efaom tm%mydirsm; k kfH dS kf ESihf uav;jzpfol vufa&mufaeaom EdiijH cm;wdi;f jynfrS tm%mydirsm; dS dS kf k kf t=um; yl;aygi;f vkyaqmifr_ vdtyfvmonf? xdo@kd yl;aygi;f aqmifu&mwGif f k k G f vnf; tcuftcJrsm; uHawG@&avhSdonf? xdkodk@ EdkifiHom;rwlaom rdbESpfOD;t=um; uav;jzpfoludk apmifh aSmufcGifhtm; pD&ifcsufcsrSwfqHk;jzwf&mwGif w&m;Hk;rsm;onf rdrdEdkifiHom; jzpfol rdcif odk@r[kwf zcifwOD;OD;udk EdkifiHjcm;om;rdcif odk@r[kwf zcifjzpf olxuf ydrO;D pm;ay;avhonf? EdiijH cm;om;jzpfol rdcif od@k r[kwf zcifjzpf k kd dS kf olu uav;tm; apmifhaSmufysKd;axmif&ef ydkrdktcGifhtvrf; tajctaeSd 44
CRC.pmd
44
3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
aomfvnf; od@k r[kwf uav;jzpfou xdEiijH cm;om; rdcif od@k r[kwf zcif l k kd f tm; ydkrkdoHa,mZOfwG,fwmaomfvnf; w&m;Hk;u rdrdEdkifiHom;rdcif odk@r [kwf zcifudkom uav;apmifhaSmufysKd;axmifcGifhay;&ef tav;omavhSd onf? Ttydk'f(11)wGif xdkodk@uGmSif;jywfpJxm;+yD;jzpf+yD; w&m;Hk;awmf u pD&ifcsut& apmifaSmufcirSaom rdcif od@k r[kwf zcifuaeI uav; f h G hf d tm; wdkif;jynftwGif;rS w&m;r0if ac:aqmifoGm;jcif; ryEdkif&eftwGuf tpd k ; &u vd k t yf o vd k tpG r f ; uk e f u muG , f a y;&rnf j zpf a =umif ; azmf j y xm;onf? xdkodk@vkyfaqmif&mwGif xdktr_rsKd;jzpfyGm;ygu rnfonfhenf;vrf; jzifh udiw,ajzSi;f &rnf/ rnfonfh yl;aygi;f aqmifurrsm; vkyaqmif&rnf kf G f G f_ f [laom tcsursm;yg0ifonfh oabmwlncsupmcsKyfrsm;udk tjcm;Ediirsm; f D f kfH yl;wGvufrwa&;xd;k xm;jcif;rsK;d udvnf; vkyaqmifEionf[vnf; qdxm; J S f k f kd f k k h G hf S hf onf? xdoabmwlncsursm;xJwif uav;umuG,apmifaSmufciEiywf k D f G f oufI rnfonfhw&m;Hk;u pD&ifcsufcs&rnfjzpfa=umif;vnf; yg0if&rnf? od@k rom oufqi&mwm0eforsm;taejzifh rnfonfw&m;H;k . pD&ifcsuukd S kd f dS l h f tav;xm;vdkufem&rnfjzpfa=umif; Sif;Sif;vif;vif; odEdkifaprnfhtjyif apmifaSmufcirSaom rdcif od@k r[kwf zcifu ac:aqmifom;aom uav; h G hf d G tm; w&m;H;k u apmifaSmuf&efcihf yxm;aom rdcif od@k r[kwf zcifxH jyef h G vnftyfESH&mwGif vG,fulEdkifrnfjzpfonf? tcsKdtr_rsm;wGif uav;tm;a&mif;pm;&ef odk@r[kwf wenf;enf; jzifh tjrwfxkwfapcdkif;&eftwGuf EdkifiHjcm;odk@ w&m;r0ifcdk;,loGm;olonf rdbESpfyg;teuf wOD;OD;rSr[kwfbJ tjcm;olrsm;jzpfavhSdonf? xdkodk@aom udpPrsKd;qdkygu TpmcsKyfyg tydk'f(35)ESifh ydkrdkoufqdkifonf?
45
CRC.pmd 45 3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
tyd'f (12) k
uav;rsm;t,ltqrsm;udk xnfoi;f pOf;pm;ay;jcif; h G
(1) pmcsKyftzJG@0ifEdkifiHrsm;onf udk,fydkiftawG;tjrifrsm; awG;ac: wwf+yDjzpfaom uav;rsm;tm; xdkuav;tay:oufa&mufr_Sdaprnfh t a&;udpPrsm;tm;vHk;ESifhywfoufI xdkuav;.tjrifrsm;udk xkwfazmfcGifhy& rnf? xdkodk@wifjycsuftm; xdkuav;.toufESifh &ifhusufr_tay:rlwnfI vufcH&rnf? (2) xdk@twGufa=umifh uav;tay:oufa&mufr_ tusKd;Sdaprnfh w&m;pD&ifa&;ESifh tkyfcsKyfa&;qdkif&m aqmifGufcsufrsm;udk uav;rsm;=um; odapEdkifrnfh tcGifhta&;rsm;ay;&rnf? xdkodk@today;&mwGif uav;jzpfol tm; wduujf zpfap/ xduav;.ud,pm;vS,f od@k r[kwf oifavsmonfXme k f kd k k f h f h udjk zpfap wki;f jynftwGi;f Y wnfaeaom Oya'pd;k rd;k a&; vkyx;kH vkyenf;rsm; d dS f f ESifhtnD today;&rnf? ,cktydk'fwGif awG;ac:pOf;pm;wwfaom touftG,fSdaom u 46
CRC.pmd
46
3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
av;jzpfygu xdkuav;i,fESifhoufqdkifaomudpPrsKd; odk@r[kwf uav;tay: oufa&mufr_Sdaprnfh udpPrsKd;ESifhywfoufI xdkuav;.tjrif t,ltq rsm;udk xkwazmfajymqdEi&ef tcGitvrf;ay;&rnf? xd@k tjyif qH;k jzwfcsucs f k kd f hf f rSwrnfotaejzifvnf; xduav;. t,ltqtjrifrsm;udk qH;k jzwfcsucs f h l h k f &mwGif xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;&rnf[k qdkxm;jcif;jzpfonf? uav;.t,ltq tjrifrsm;udk xnfoi;f pOf;pm;&rnfqjkd cif;onf uav;.qENtwdi;f tvH;k pHk h G k vduavsm&rnf[k qdvjkd cif;r[kwyg? ,cktyd'(12)u qH;k jzwf&mY uav; k f k f k f . tjrift,ltqrsm;udk xnhoi;f pOf;pm;jcif;onf xduav;. touft f G k G,fESifh &ifhusufr_rsm;tay:wnfrDSonf[k qdkxm;ygonf? touftG,fydk }uD;aom ydr&ifusuaomuav;rsm;. t,ltqtjrifrsm;udk qH;k jzwfcsuf k kd h f cs&mwGif ydkrdkxnfhoGif;pOf;pm;&rnf[k qdkvdkjcif;jzpfonf? xdkodk@uav;. tjrifrsm;udk xnfoi;f pOf;pm;&mwGif xdq;kH jzwfjcif;ESiywfoufonfh tjcm; h G k fh olrsm;. tjrift,ltqrsm;/ tcuftcJtE &m,frsm;/ ukeusrnfh tjcm;t W f csursm;udvnf; xnfoi;f pOf;pm;+yD; qH;k jzwf&rnf[k ,cktyd'wif qdxm; f k h G k f G k ygonf? xdtcGita&;onf tvGeus,jf yef@vaom tcGita&;jzpf+yD; uav; k hf f S hf ESiywfoufaom ae@pOfomrefta&;udprsm;ESiyg oufqiaevsuygonf? hf P hf kd f f dS ae@pOfomrefr[kwfaom ta&;udpPrsm;ESifhywfoufI ,cktydk'f. tyd'f cJ(2)wGif tao;pdwazmfjyxm;onf? uav;ESiywfoufI Oya't& k G f hf qH;k jzwfcsursm; csrwawmhrnfqygu xdta=umif;t&mESihf ywfoufonfh f S f kd k ta=umif;t&mrsm;udk uav;jzpfolonf udk,fwdkifjzpfap udk,fpm;vS,fjzpf oluwqifjh zpfap od=dS um;emcGionf[k qdxm;onf? xdo@kd o=dS um;emcGihf hf dS k k d wGif w&m;Hk;.pD&ifcsuftrdef@rsm;udkom qdkvdkjcif;r[kwfbJ uav;ESifhywf oufI qHk;jzwfcsufcsaom ausmif;tkyfcsKyfa&;qHk;jzwfcsufrsm; odk@r[kwf vlr_zlvHka&;at*sifpDrsm;. qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;udkyg qdkvdkygonf?
47
CRC.pmd 47 3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
tyk'f (13) d
vGwvyfpmG xkwazmfwifjycGiEihf owif;rsm;&,lcihf f f hf S G
(1) uav;wdk@wGif vGwfvyfpGmxkwfazmfwifjycGifhSdonf? xdkodk@ xkwfazmfwifjy&mwGif e,fjcm;owfrSwfjcif;rSdbJ owif;rsm;ESifh t,ltq trsKd;rsKd;wdk@udk E_wfjzifhjzpfap/ a&;om;Ijzpfap/ yHkESdyfIjzpfap/ tEkynmjzifh jzpfap/ odk@r[kwf uav;rsm;aG;cs,fxm;aom tjcm;owif;yHkpHrsm;jzifhjzpf ap SmazG/ vufc/H jzef@jzL;jcif;wd@k yg0ifonf? (2) TtcGifhta&;rsm;udk toHk;cs&mwGif tcsKdae&mrsm;wGif uef@ owfcsufSdonf? odk@aomf xdkuef@owfcsufrsm;udk Oya'wGif azmfjywm;jrpf xm;+yD; vdktyfrSom uef@owfr_yvkyfEdkifrnf? (u) tjcm;tcGifhta&;rsm; av;pm;r_ESifh tjcm;olrsm;. *k%foduQmudk xdcdkufapaomtcg (c) EdiiawmfvkH cHa&;/ vlxpnf;urf;ao0yfa&; od@k r[kwf kfH k 48
CRC.pmd
48
3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
vlxuse;f rma&; od@k r[kwf vlxpm&dwukd ysujf ym;xdcuf k k W kd apaomtcg ,cktcGifhta&;tay: uef@owfr_rsm;vkyf aqmifEdkifonf? vGwfvyfpGmxkwfazmfwifjycGifhqdkonfrSm rdefcGef;ajymjcif;/ a&;om; xkwfa0jcif;/ tEkynmjzifhwifjyjcif;wdk@tjyif uav;i,frsm;aG;cs,fxm; aom tjcm;rnfonfh owif;yHkpHtrsKd;rsKd;uwqifhjzpfap owif;tcsuft vufrsm;ESihf t,ltqtawG;tac: trsK;d rsK;d wd@k ukd xkwazmfwifjycGitm; f hf qdkvdkjcif;jzpfonf? vGwfvyfpGm xkwfazmfwifjyjcif;qdk&mwGif enf;vrf;ESpfrsKd;Sdonf? ajymqdjk cif;/ a&;om;jcif;/ oDcsi;f oDqjkd cif;ESihf ajzazsmwifqufjcif;wd@k uwqihf f rdrt,ltqudk xkwazmfwifjyjcif;vnf;Sovdk xdypt&mrsm;udk em;axmif d f d k kH H jcif;/ zwfj_ cif;/ =unfj_ cif;jzifh tjcm;olrsm;. t,ltqrsm;udk odapjcif; h dS rSmvnf; vGwfvyfpGmxkwfazmfwifjyjcif;jzpfonf? xdk@a=umifh ,cktydk'fwGif uav;rsm;onf owif;tcsutvufrsm;ESihf t,ltqrsm;udk SmazGvufcH f cGifhSd=u+yD; xdkodk@owif;rsm;/ t,ltqrsm; jyef@ESH@jcif;tay: tpdk;&u t aESmuft,Sufry&ef qdkxm;onf? ,cktyd'yg tcGita&;rSmvnf; tjcm;aomtcGita&;rsm;enf;wl k f hf hf uef@owfcsufrsm;Sdonfudk awG@&onf? tydk'f(13)t& vGwfvyfpGm xkwf azmfwifjycGifhwGif uef@owfcsufESpfrsKd;Sdonf? yxrtcsufrSm vGwfvyfpGm xkwazmfwifjycGiaomfvnf; xdwifjycsuonf tjcm;ol. *k%oumtyg f hf dS k f f d Q t0if tjcm;tcGita&;rsm;udk xdcuepfemapr_ygu xdvwvyfpm xkwf hf kd f dS k G f G azmfwifjycGiukd tcGiaumif;,l toH;k rcs&[lI ydwyifxm;onf? xdywyif hf hf f k d f uef@owfcsuonf uav;vl}uD;ESprsK;d pvH;k ESihf tuH;0ifonf? TtcGita&; f f hf udk toHk;csI vlwOD;wa,mufta=umif;tm; rrSefruefa&;om;/ xkwfa0 ajymqdra=umifh xdo.*k%oum xdcuepfemapjcif;rsK;d rjzpfap&ef ,ckuhJ k _ k l f d Q kd f odk@ umuG,fay;xm;jcif;jzpfonf? aemufxyftcsufrSm trsm;jynfolwdk@. usef;rma&;/ pdwf"mwf 49
CRC.pmd 49 3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
pm&dwEihf EdiiawmfvkH cHa&;ESihf +idr0yfyjd ym;a&;wd@k ukd xdcuaprnfh ta=umif; WS kfH f kd f t&mrsm;udk xkwfazmfajymqdkjcif;ry& [laomtcsufjzpfonf? ,cktcsuf onfvnf; yxrtcsuuo@kd yif uav;vl}uD;ESprsK;d pvH;k ESihf tuH;0ifonf? f hJ f TtcsufESifhywfoufI Oyrmtm;jzifh umuG,aq;rsm;xd;k jcif;onf tE &m,fjzpfaponf[k vltrsm;tm; f W ajcmufvSef@ajymqdkjcif;/ w&m;r0ifa&mif;csaomaq;0g;rsm; rnfodk@0,f,ltoHk;cs&onfudk vltrsm;tm;enf;vrf;ay;jcif;/ bmoma&;tm; xdcdkufaprnfh bmoma&;acgif;aqmifrsm;/ bm oma&;taqmuftOD;rsm;udk roifhravsmfoHk;pJGyHkESdyfjcif;/ jynfolvlxkt=um; pdk;&drftxdwfwvef@jzpfaprnfh rrSefruefonfh aumv[vrsm;tm; vkyf}uHajymqdkjcif;/ Ediiawmf. xdywef;v#Kd 0Sucsursm;udc;kd ,ljcif; ponfw@kd jzpfonf? kfH f f f k tcsKd aom Ediiwumvl@tcGita&;rsm;wGif vGwvyfpm xkwazmf kfH hf f G f ajymqdciukd vlrsK;d a&;/ bmoma&; rke;f wD;r_rsm;jzpfay:atmif v_@H aqmfonfh k G hf taejzifh od@k r[kwf ppfyqifE&ef v_@H aqmfaomtaejzifh toH;k ry&[lI uef@ GJ GJ owfxm;onfudk awG@Edkifonf?
50
CRC.pmd 50 3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
tyd'f (14) k
vGwvyfpmG ud;k uG,,MkH unfcihf f f G
(1) pmcsKyftzJG@0ifEdkifiHrsm;onf uav;rsm;. vGwfvyfpGmawG;ac: cGifh/ ,Hk=unfouf0ifcGifhESifh bmomudk;uG,fcGifhwdk@udk av;pm;&rnf? (2) pmcsKyftzJG@0ifEdkifiHrsm;onf ,cktydk'fyg tcGifhta&;rsm;udk u av;rsm; usio;kH Ediapa&;twGuf uav;.}uD;jyif;zH@G zd;vmr_EitnD vdtyf hf k f S hf k aomvrf;!$errsm; yvkyay;Edionfh rdbrsm; od@k r[kwf w&m;0iftyxr;f f _ f kf k f d olrsm;. tcGifhta&;ESifh wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;udk av;pm;&rnf? (3) bmomwcktm; udk;uG,fr_/ ,Hk=unfr_wdk@onf trsm;jynfol use;f rma&;/ +idr0yfyjd ym;a&;/ vlx.pdw"mwfpm&dw/W vHk cHa&;ESihf tjcm;olw f k f OD;wa,muf. tcGita&;ESihf vGwvyfrw@kd ukd xdcutaESmuft,Sujf zpfap hf f _ kd f ygu Oya'wGifazmfjywm;jrpfxm;+yD; vdktyfrSom uef@owfr_yvkyfEdkifrnf? uav;rsm;Y vGwfvyfpGmawG;ac:,Hk=unfudk;uG,fcGifhSdonf[k ,ck tydk'fwGif azmfjyxm;onf? a,bl,stm;jzifh vGwfvyfpGmudk;uG,fcGifhwGif ta=umif;t&moH;k rsK;d yg0ifaevsuonf? xdo;kH rsK;d rSm vGwvyfpm,H=k unf f dS k f G ouf0ifcGifh/ vGwfvyfpGmbmoma&;0wfycGifhESifh bmomwckrStjcm;wckodk@ vGwvyfpm ajymif;vJu;kd uG,cihf wd@k jzpfonf? tcsKd vlrsm;taejzifh rnfonfh f G fG bmomudkrS rudk;uG,fovdk tjcm;olrsm;u udk;uG,fp&mr[kwf[k owf 51
CRC.pmd 51 3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
rSwfxm;aomt&mrsm;udk udk;uG,folrsm;vnf;Sdonf? vl@tcGifhta&; _ axmifhu =unfh&rnfqdkv#if xdkodk@ rnfonfhbmomrS rudk;uG,folrsm;ESifh tjcm;olrsm;u udk;uG,fp&mr[kwf[k owfrSwfxm;onfht&mrsm;udk udk; uG,folrsm;onfvnf; bmoma&;udk ouf0if,Hk=unfaom olrsm;uJhodk@ qH;k jzwfaG;cs,yicionf? xdow@kd . aG;cs,rrmvnf; bmomw&m;udk f kd f G hf dS k l f _ S udk;uG,f,Hk=unfaomolrsm;. aG;cs,fr_uJhodk@yif ta&;}uD;ygonf? xdk@t wGufa=umifh ,cktydk'f(14)wGif vGwfvyfpGm awG;ac:,Hk=unfcGifhESifh vGwf vyfpGmudk;uG,fcGifhwdk@udk umuG,fxm;ay;jcif;jzpfonf? vlwOD;wa,muftm; bmoma&;wckckudk ouf0if,Hk=unfap atmifEihf ud;k uG,vmatmifvyaqmif&efrm vG,uaomtcsur[kwyg? S f k f S f l f f tb,fa=umifqaomf vlwa,muf. pdwoabmxm;udk xdr;f csKyfEi&efrm h kd f kd f S rjzpfEiaom tvkyjf zpfaoma=umifyif? od@k aomf rdr,=kH unf&mtwdi;f ud;k kd f h d k uG,onforsm; od@k r[kwf tpd;k &u rSm;,Gi;f aombmomt,l0g'[k owf f h l rSwxm;aombmomudk ud;k uG,orsm;tm; tjypfay;zdEyrrsm; vkyaqmif f f l dS f _ f aeaom tpd;k &rsm;Saevsuyifjzpfonf? wcsKd tpd;k &rsm;. bmomwckxuf d f tjcm;bmomwcktay: ydkrdkcsD;ajrmuftm;ay;+yD; usefbmomrsm;udk uef@ owfcsKyfcs,fr_rsm; vkyfaqmifonfudkvnf; awG@Edkifonf? uef@owfydwfyif xm;aom bmoma&;udk ud;k uG,orsm;tm; tpd;k &u axmifoi;f tusO;f cs f l G jcif;rsKd; rvkyfaqmifaomfvnf; wcgw&H xdkolrsm;tm; tpdk;&Xmersm;wGif wm0efxrf;aqmifciryonfh tytrlrsK;d udvnf; wcsKd tpd;k &u vkyaqmif G hf k f avhSdonf? xdkolrsm;u arG;zGm;vmaom uav;i,frsm;udk tcsKdausmif; rsm;wGif wufa&mufynmoifcihf ryonftjzpfrsK;d vnf;Sonf? xdo@kd bm G h d k oma&; ,H=k unfu;kd uG,rukd ta=umif;yI cJjG cm;zdEytjypfay;jcif;yHp/H enf; f _ dS f k vrf;trsKd;rsKd;onf ,cktydk'fygvGwfvyfpGm awG;ac:,Hk=unfudk;uG,fcGifhudk csK;d azmufjcif;yifjzpfonf? uav;rsm;tm; olw@kd u;kd uG,onfh bmoma&;r f [kwaom tjcm;bmomrsm;udk twif;t=uyfavhvmapjcif;/ bmoma&;yJG f awmfrsm;wGif twif;t=uyf yg0ifapjcif;wd@k onfvnf; vGwvyfpmud;k uG,f f G 52
CRC.pmd
52
3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
cGifhudk csKd;azmufjcif;yifjzpfonf? Ttydk'fyg vGwfvyfpGm,Hk=unfudk;uG,fcGifh onf rnfodk@aomtajctaersKd;wGifrS apmfum;csKd;azmufjcif;ry&[k owf rSwfxm;cH&aom vl@tcGifhta&;trsKd;tpm;xJwGif yg0ifaomtcGifhta&;w ckjzpfonf? rnfonftcsu/f tajctaersK;d rS cGi;f csujf zifh uef@owfywyifjcif; h d f ryEdkifaom tcGifhta&;vnf;jzpfonf? odk@&mwGif bmoma&;usifhpOfrsm;udk usifhoHk;&mwGif trsm;jynfolusef;rma&;/ +idrf0yfydjym;a&;/ vlxk.pdwf"mwf pm&dwW/ vHkcHa&;ESifh tjcm;olwOD;wa,muf. tcGifhta&;ESifh vGwfvyfr_ wdk@udk xdcdkuftaESmuft,Sufjzpfaprnfh bmoma&;usifhpOfrsm;tay: uef@ owfrrsm; yvkyEionf? Oyrm - bmoma&;usipOfwcku ,ZfyaZmfonfh _ f kd f hf l tpOftvmjzpfaeygu xdkodk@aomusifhpOfudk wm;jrpfuef@owfydkifcGifhSdonf? tjcm;aom vl@tcGifhta&;Oya'rsm;wGif vlwOD;onf rdrdudk;uG,f onfhbmomwckrS tjcm;bmomodk@ ul;ajymif;cGifhudk cGifhyxm;onf? odk@ aomf xdtcsuukd Ediiwi;f Sd tpd;k &wdi;f u cGihf yjcif;rSao;acs? Ediiawmfu k f k f H kd k d kfH owfrSwfxm;aom w&m;0ifbmomwckudk rudk;uG,fjcif;onf tcsKdEdkifiH rsm;wGif txl;}uD;av;aom &mZ0wfrrsK;d jzpfonf? tcsKd Ediirsm;wGif bm _ kfH oma&;tpGe;f a&muf*%;f rsm; ay:ayguonftjzpfrsK;d udvnf; uHawG@&wwf kd f h k onf? xdo@kd aom*d%;f rsm;u uav;i,frsm;tm; rdbESitquftoG,tm; k k hf f vH;k jzwfawmufum xdtpGe;f a&muf bmoma&;tusirsm;udk vduem&efEihf k hf k f S bmoma&;ta=umif;yI tjrwfxwavhonf? xd@k twGua=umifh ,ckt k f dS f yd'wif uav;i,frsm;tm; rdr,=kH unf&m ud;k uG,ciEihf bmomul;ajymif; k f G d f G hf S cGifhwdk@ cGifhy&rnf[k rqdkxm;yg? odk@aomf pmcsKyfygtydk'f(5)wGif azmfjyxm; onftwdi;f uav;rsm;. awG;ac:,H=k unfouf0ifcihf usio;kH r_Eiywfouf h k G hf S hf I rdbrsm;taejzifh rdrdwdk@&ifaoG;rsm;tm; oifhavsmfaom vrf;!Gefxdrf; ausmif;r_rsm; yvkyay;&rnf[k Ttyd'(14)wGiazmfjyxm;onf? xd@k a=umifh f kf f vGwfvyfpGm,Hk=unfudk;uG,fr_wGif uav;oli,fwOD;. vGwfvyfcGifhonf tG,a&mufaomolwOD;. vGwvyfciavmuf us,us,jf yef@jyef@ rSonf f f G hf f d udk awG@Eionf? kd f 53
CRC.pmd 53 3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
tyd'f (15) k
vGwvyfpmG tzJtpnf;zJpnf;cGiEihf pka0;cGihf f YG YG hf S
(1) pmcsKyftzJG@0ifEdkifiHrsm;onf uav;rsm;.vGwfvyfpGm tzJG@t pnf;zJG@pnf;cGifhESifh +idrf;csrf;pGmpka0;cGifhwdk@udk todtrSwfy&rnf? (2) xdtcGita&;rsm;udk usio;kH r_tay: rnfonfywyifrrS rvkyf k hf hf h d f _ aqmif&? od@k aomf xdusio;kH r_onf EdiiawmfvkH cHa&;/ jynfovxvkH cHa&;/ k hf kfH l l k jynfolvlxk pnf;urf;ao0yfa&;/ trsm;jynfolusef;rma&;/ pdwf"mwfpm &dwEihf tjcm;olwOD;wa,muf. tcGita&;ESihf vGwvyfrw@kd ukd xdcut W S hf f _ kd f aESmuft,Sufjzpfapygu Oya'jzifh azmfjywm;jrpfxm;+yD; vdktyfrSom uef@ owfr_ yvkyfEdkifrnf? ,cktydk'fwGif uav;rsm;. vGwfvyfpGm tzJG@tpnf;zJG@pnf;cGifhESifh +idrf;csrf;pGm pka0;cGifhwdk@udk todtrSwfyxm;onf? vl@tcGifhta&;Oya'rsm; t& vGwvyfpm tzJ@G tpnf;zJ@G pnf;cGiqonfrm tzJ@G tpnf;rsm;/ toif;t f G hf kd S zJG@rsm;/ uvyfrsm;wGif yg0ifcGifhomru xdktoif;tzJG@topfrsm; zJG@pnf;cGifh 54
CRC.pmd
54
3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
vnf; yg0ifonf? tzJ@G tpnf;rsm;od@k 0ifa&mufciwif w&m;r0ifz@GJ pnf;xm;aom t G hf G zJ@G rsm;r[kwygu rnfonftzJ@G urqdk vGwvyfpm0ifa&mufcihf yxm;onf? f h kd f G G w&m;r0if zJ@G pnf;xm;aom tzJ@G qonfrm Oyrmtm;jzifh tpd;k &tm;ykeuef kd S f &ef &nf,IzJ@G xm;aomtzJ@G rsm;/ rl;,pfaq;0g;oH;k pJaysmyg;&ef &nf,csuf G f G f G f jzifh zJ@G xm;aomtzJ@G rsm;/ cJjG cm;zdEyre;f wD;r_tm; v_@H aqmf&eftwGutzJ@G rsm; dS f k f ponfwdkudk qdkvdkjcif;jzpfonf? vGwfvyfpGmtzJG@tpnf;zJG@pnf;cGifhwGif oD;jcm;vGwfvyfpGm zJG@pnf; xm;aom tzJ@G tpnf;tkyprsm;. ta&;udprsm;tm; tpd;k &u yg0ifpuzuf fk P G f jcif;ry& [laomtcsufvnf; yg0ifonf? xdkokd@ zJG@pnf;xm;aomtzJG@rsm; onf ud,yipnf;urf;rsm;csrwci/hf OD;aqmiforsm;udk ud,yiqENjzifh aG; k f kd f S fG l k f kd f cs,fcGifh/ rdrdwdk@&nfrSef;xm;aom vkyfief;rsm;udk vGwfvyfpGmvkyfudkifcGifhwdk@ &S&rnf? xdr#ru rnfowOD;wa,mufurS xdo.qENrygbJ tzJ@G tpnf; d k l kd k l wcktwGi;f od@k twif;t=uyf 0ifa&mufapjcif;ryEdi&ef tpd;k &u umuG,f kf ay;&rnfjzpfonf? a,bl,stm;jzifh tzJ@G tpnf;wckck od@k r[kwf xdtzJ@G 0ifrsm;. vkyf k aqmifcsuwpHw&ma=umifh tjcm;olwOD;OD;udk xdcuepfemapjcif; od@k r[kwf f k kd f tjcm;olwOD;wa,muf. tcGifhta&;udk csKd;azmufjcif;jzpfygu xdktzJG@odk@ r[kwf tzJ@G 0ifrsm;rS wm0efc&avhdS H onf? odk@&mwGif uav;oli,frsm; jzifh zJG@pnf;xm;aom tzJG@tpnf;rsKd; wGif xkuo@kd vG,v,jf zifh wm0efcH d hJ f G Edi&ef rvG,uvyg? uav;rsm;jzpf kf f l S aeonftm;avsmpm xdo@kd xcuepf h f G k d kd f em ysup;D oGm;onftcsua=umifh u f h f av;rsm;tm; w&m;Oya't& wm 0efcHapjcif;ryEdkifyg? tu,fI u 55
CRC.pmd 55 3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
av;a=umifh tjcm;olwOD; xdcdkufepfemoGm;+yD; xdkxdcdkufepfemoltwGuf avsmfa=u;ay;&ef w&m;Hk;u cdkifvHkaompD&ifcsufcsvdkufygu uav;.rdb ujzpfap xdkodk@xdcdkufepfemoGm;aponfh tcsdefumvtwGif; uav;tm; xdef;ausmif;uGyfuJaeonfh wm0efSdolujzpfap xdkxdcdkufepfemoGm;olt wGuf avsma=u;ay;&rnfjzpfonf? xd@k twGua=umifh uav;rsm;jzifh zJ@G pnf; f f xm;aom uvyfrsm;/ tzJG@rsm;tcsKdwGif xdkodk@ rawmfwqxdcdkufapr_rsm; jzpfvmygu wm0efcHEdkifrnfh tG,fa&muf+yD;oltcsKd yg0ifaewwfonf? vGwvyfpm pka0;cGiqonfrm vlxtrsm;yg0ifaom pnf;a0;yJrsm;/ f G hf kd S k G pka0;yJGrsm;/ qENjyyJGrsm;wGifyg0ifcGifh/ pDpOfusif;ycGifhwdk@udk qdkvdkjcif;jzpfonf? ,cktyd'wiyg0ifaom vGwvyfpmtzJ@G tpnf;rsm;wGif yg0ifciukd uef@owf kf Gf f G G hf r_rsm;xuf ,ckpka0;cGifhtay: uef@owfcsufrsm; ydkrdkrsm;jym;avhSdonf? t b,fa=umifqaomf tpd;k &ESiwm0eforsm;u vlxpa0;yJrsm;/ qENjyyJrsm; h kd hf dS l k k G G onf Ediiawmfu csrwxm;aom vHk cHa&;pnf;urf;rsm;tay: xdcuapEdif kfH S f kd f k onf[k ta=umif;jy jiif;y,favh Saoma=umifjh zpfonf? od@k aomf tjcm;ol d rsm;.vGwfvyfcGifhESifh vHkcHa&;udk rxdcdkufatmif udwifjyifqifxm;aom +idrf;csrf;onfhenf;jzifh pka0;pnf;a0;yJGrsm;udkrl ydwfyifIr&Edkifyg?
56
CRC.pmd 56 3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
tyd'f (16) k
ud,a&;ud,wmvGwvyfcifh k f k f f G
(1) rnfonfhuav;. udk,fa&;udk,fwm/ rdom;pk/ aetdrfESifh pm ay;pm,l udk,fydkifvGwfvyfcGifhudkrS pdwfxifwdkif; odk@r[kwf w&m;Oya'rJh 0ifa&mufpGufzufjcif;ry&? xdk@jyif xdkuav;i,f. *k%foduQmtm; w&m; Oya'rJh wdkufcdkufjcif;ry&? (2) xdo@kd 0ifa&mufpuzufrrsm; od@k r[kwf wducurrsm;tm; Oy k G f _ k f kd f _ a't& umuG,fay;r_udk cHpm;EdkifcGifh uav;wGifSdonf? Ttydk'f(16)wGif uav;rsm;. udk,fa&;udk,fwm vGwfvyfcGifhudk azmfjyxm;onf? ,cktydk'fwGif yg0ifaomtcGifhta&;onf ,ckrSay:vm aom tcGita&; topftqef;r[kway? uav;rsm;ESihf eD;pyfraom q&m/ hf f _ dS q&mrrsm;/ vlr_vkyfom;rsm;onf uav;rsm;ESifh ywfoufaom udk,fa&; udk,fwm owif;tcsufrsm;udk vltrsm;rodapzdk@ umuG,fay;&ef wm0efSd onf? w&m;Hk;awmfwGif uav;i,fwOD;onf w&m;cHtaejzifhjzpfap/ usL; vGefcH&aom oltaejzifhjzpfap yg0ifywfoufaeygu xdktr_ta=umif;udk 57
CRC.pmd 57 3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
vltrsm;=um;emcGirSovdk xdtr_ta=umif; vltrsm;odatmif vkyaqmif hf d k f jcif;ry&ay? xd@k jyif tyd'(16)wGif uav;rsm;. aetdrEihf pmrsm;tm; w&m;r k f f S 0ifESifh pdwfxifwdkif; 0ifa&mufpGufzufjcif;udk umuG,fay;&ef qdkxm;onf? qdkvdkonfrSm tpdk;&u w&m;Oya'rsm;udktoHk;yI tdrftwGif;0ifa&muf Smjcif;/ w,fvDzkef;rsm;tm; toHoGif;cdk;em;axmifjcif;ESifh pmay;pm,lrsm; tm; azmufzwfjcif;wdk@ rvkyfaqmifEdkif&ef wm;jrpfay;xm;jcif;jzpfonf? Ttydk'fwGif yg0ifaomuav;rsm;. aetdrfESifhywfoufI w&m; r0ifEihf pdwxifwi;f yg0ifywfoufjcif;rS umuG,ay;&efq&mwGif uav;ESihf S f kd f kd rdbrsm;t=um; odk@r[kwf uav;ESifhrdom;pk0ifrsm;t=um; qufqHr_udkyg umuG,fay;&rnf[k qdkxm;jcif;jzpfonf? 0ifa&mufpGufzuf&eftwGuf aumif;rGeaomta=umif;jycsuonfh tcsKd aomudprsK;d ESihf Oya't& vkyf f f dS P aqmifcGifhtwdkif; vkyfaqmif&onfhtr_rsKd;rSvJGI rdom;pktwGif; qufqHa&; rsm;wGif tpdk;&wm0efSdolrsm;taejzifh yg0ifpGufzufjcif; ryEdkifyg? tpdk;&t aejzifh 0ifa&mufpuzufEionf[k vufcxm;aom OyrmtcsKd rSm rdom;pk G f kd f H 0ifrsm;tm; tjcm;rdom;pk0ifrsm;ta=umif; ar;jref;jcif;/ wOD;ESiwOD; rnfuhJ hf od@k qufqoifa=umif; ajymjyjcif;ESihf aumif;rGeaom ta=umif;tusK;d r&SbJ H h f d rdom;pk0ifrsm; wOD;pDoD;jcm;aexdkifjcif;wdk@udk umuG,fay;jcif; ponfwdk@ jzpfonf? TtcGifhta&;rSmvnf; tjcm;tcGifhta&;rsm;uJhodk@yif uef@owf csuf cGif;csufrsm;Sdonf? udk,fa&;udk,fwmtay: 0ifa&mufpGufzufr_onf w&m;r0if ESihf pdwxifwi;f 0ifa&mufpuzufjcif;jzpfrom xdo@kd pGuf f kd G f S k zufjcif;udk umuG,ay;&rnf[k ,cktyd'u qdxm;jcif;jzpfonf? w&m; f k f k r0if [laompum;&yf.t"dym,frm w&m;Oya'u wm;jrpfxm;aom od@k ` S r[kwf vkyfaqmif&efcGifhryaom[lonfh t"dy`m,foufa&mufonf? pdwf xifwdkif;[laom pum;&yf.qdkvdkcsufrSm ydkrdkus,fjyef@onf? w&m;Oya' u vkyfudkif&efcGifhyxm;aomfvnf; xdkodk@vkyfaqmifonfhtcgwGif apwem 58
CRC.pmd
58
3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
pdwf&if;rSefjzifh vkyfaqmifjcif;r[kwfbJ vdktyfonfxuf ydkrdkaeygu xdkvkyf aqmifr_onf w&m;0ifjzpfapaomfvnf; pdwfxifwdkif; usL;vGefonfh tr_ajrmufonf? xdkodk@vkyfaqmifr_wckudk pdwfxifwdkif; vkyfaqmifr_ ajrmuf/ rajrmufowfrSwf&mwGif xdkodk@vkyfaqmif&jcif;. ta=umif;&if; xuf xdo@kd vyaqmifc&aomol. tcGita&;tay: xdcuoufa&mufap k k f H hf kd f r_udk ydkrdktav;xm; xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;&rnf? Oyrm-vlwOD;wa,muf. ud,a&;ud,wmvGwvyfcitm; xdcuapaom tytrlwcka=umifh xdvl k f k f f G hf kd f k Y oufa&mufcpm;&r_onf xdo@kd vyaqmif&jcif; &nf,csuxuf ydrygu H k k f G f f k kd xdo@kd vyf aqmifjcif;udk pdwxifwi;f vkyaqmifjcif;[k owfrwEionf? k k f kd f S f kd f Ttyd'(16). t"du&nf,csuonf jynfo@l 0efxrf;rsm;/ w&m; k f G f f a&; 0efxrf;rsm;taejzifh uav;rsm;udkqufqH&mwGif uav;rsm;. *k%f oduQmESifh ajzmifhrwfr_udk av;pm;pGmjzifh qufqHap&efyifjzpfonf? uav;rsm;taejzifh rdom;pktwGi;f ud,a&;ud,wm vGwvyfcifh k f k f f G Sygovm;[kar;vmygu Sygonf[k jyefvnfajz=um;&rnfjzpfonf? od@k &m d d wGif xdkvGwfvyfcGifhwGif ta=umif;t&mESpfrsKd;a=umifh uef@owfr_Sdonfudk owdy&rnf? yxrta=umif;t&mwcsufrSm rdbrsm;onf rdrdwdk@.&ifaoG; rsm;tm; raumif;aomya,m*rsm;rS umuG,wm;qD;ay;&ef wm0efaom f dS a=umifh uef@owfrvyEionf? tu,fI rdr.&ifaoG;jzpfoonf raumif; _ k f kd f d l aomolwOD;xHrS pmrsm;vufcH&Sdaeonf[lI oHo,Sdv#if rdbtaejzifh xdpmrsm;udk zGizwfEiovdk vdtyfygu xdpmtm; rdr.uav;tm;ray;bJ k hf kd f k k d azsmufzsufypfEdkifonf? xdkodk@ vkyf aqmifjcif;onf rdb. 0wW&m;t wdkif; rdrd&ifaoG;udkrdrd xdef;odrf;um uG,f apmifaSmufjcif;vnf;jzpfonf? h aemufxyf 'kw,ta=umif;t&mrSm d rdbESiom;orD;rsm;t=um;Sd rd om; hf pkudk,fa&;udk,fwmtm; umuG,f 59
CRC.pmd 59 3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
cGifha=umifh uef@owfr_vkyfEdkifonf? rdcifESifh&ifaoG;uav;rsm;t=um; txl; jyif;xefpm rSm;,Gi;f aer_ wpHw&mrSrcsi;f jyifyvlrsm;u 0ifa&mufpuzuf G k d G f cGifhrSd [laomtcsufudk T'kwd,tcsufu qdkvdkjcif;jzpfonf? rdbrsm;taejzifh toifhavsmfqHk;vkyfaqmif&rnfrSm rdrd.&ifaoG; rsm;wGif udk,fa&;udk,fwm vGwfvyfcGifhrsm; Sdonfqdkaomtcsufudk rarhr avsmh em;vnfoabmaygu&rnfjzpfonf? xdtcGita&;udk uav;jzpfou f k hf l tvJGoHk;pm;rvkyfrcsif; xdkuav;i,f}uD;jyif;tG,fa&mufvmr_ESifh vdkuf avsmnDaxGpm rdbrsm;taejzifh xdtcGita&;tm; ydrav;pm;em;vnfay; G k hf k kd &ef vdktyfvSonf?
60
CRC.pmd 60 3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
tyk'f (17) d
uav;rsm;ESihf owif;Xmersm;
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CRC.pmd 61 3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
(c) rwluJGjym;aom ,Ofaus;r_&if;jrpfrsm;/ jynfwGif;jynfyowif; &if;jrpfrsm;rS xduo@kd owif;tcsutvufrsm;udk xkwvy/f zvS,/f k hJ f f k jzef@jzL;Edkif&eftwGuf EkdifiHwumyl;aygif;aqmifGufr_rsm;udk vkyf aqmifapzdk@ tpdk;&u tm;ay;tm;ajrmufy&ef? (*) uav;rsm;twGuf pmtkyrsm; xkwa0&eftwGuf Ediitpd;k &u f f kfH tm;ay;&ef? (*) wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;rsm;jzpfonfh uav;rsm;ESifh rl&if;XmaevlrsKd; rsm;. uav;rsm;twGuf oufqdkif&mbmompum; toHk;yaom owif;jzef@csDr_rsm;udk vkyfaqmifzdk@ tpdk;&utm;ay;&ef? (C) tyd'(13) ESi(18) wGiazmfjyxm;aom ta=umif;t&mrsm;udk kf hf f tpOfEv;kH oGi;f I uav;.b0 om,mcsr;f ajrhrukd xdcuepf emap S _ kd f rnfh owif;rsm;ESifh tjcm;tcsuftvufrsm;tm; oHk;pJGjcif;rS um uG,f&eftwGuf oifhavsmfaom vrf;!Gefcsufrsm; ay:aygufapzdk@ tpdk;&u tm;ay;&efwdk@udk vkyfaqmif&rnf? ,cktydk'fwGif uav;rsm;. vlr_a&;ESifh ,Ofaus;r_zHG@zd;a&;twGuf vlxkowif;jzef@csDa&;vkyfief;rsm;. ta&;ygaomtcef;uudk t"duSif; vif;azmfjyxm;onf? vlxkowif;jzef@csDa&;vkyfief;rsm;onf uav;rsm;t wGuf ajzazsmfay;Hkoufoufomr[kwfbJ uav;rsm;twGuf aumif;rGef aom enf;vrf;aumif; ay:aygufapa&;twGuf taxmuftuljzpfaprnfh pmtkyfrsm;/ tpDtpOfrsm;ESifh tjcm; aomtaxmuftulypPn;f rsm; xkwf vkyfvmEdkifap&ef tpdk;&u tm;ay; wdkufwGef;ay;&ef vdktyfa=umif; T tydk'fwGifazmfjyxm;onf? r*~Zif;/ kyjf rif=H um;tpDtpOf/ aw;*Dw uuf quftacGponfh vlxowif; jzef@csD k a&;ud&d,mrsm;wGif uav;rsm;t 62
CRC.pmd
62
3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
wGuf &nf,jf yifqifxm;aom tpDtpOfrsm; xnfoi;f ay;&efuvnf; wduf G h G kd k wGef;xm;onf? jzpfEdkifygu xdkodk@tpDtpOfrsm; xnfhoGif;xkwfvkyf&m wGif uav;rsm;udk,fwdkif yg0ifvkyfaqmifEdkifatmif aqmifGufoifha=umif; qdk xm;onf? uav;rsm;taejzifh rdrdEdkifiHtjyif tjcm;EdkifiHrsm;u a&;om;xkwf a0aom pmtkyrsm;zwfEiatmif/ pDpOfxwviaomtpDtpOfrsm;udk =unfh f _ kd f k f $ hf _cpm;Ediatmif vkyaqmifay;oifonf? tu,fI ,Ofaus;r_rsK;d pHwnf&ae H kf f h k dS aom EdkifiHjzpfaeygu xdk,Ofaus;r_rsm;tm;vHk;udk xif[yfaprnfh vlxk qufqHa&;owif; ud&d,mrsm;jzpfatmif twwfEdkifqHk; vkyfaqmifay;&ef f f f _ vdtyfonf? xd@k twGuf pmtkypmwrf;rsm; xkwa0ajzazsmrrsm; wifquf k onftcgwif vlenf;pkEihf rl&if;XmaevlrsK;d pkrsm;. ,Ofaus;r_rsm;wd;k wufap h G S a&;udk aSoifonftjyif xdvrsK;d pkrsm;. bmompum;jzifh xkwa0wifquf _ h h k l f oifonf? xdo@kd aom vlrsK;d pkbmom pum;jzifa&;om;aom owif;pmrsm;/ h k h pmapmifrsm;/ xdkbmomjzifh pDpOfwifqufonfha&'D,dkESifh kyfjrifoH=um;tpD tpOfrsm;rSdygu xdkbmompum;rsm; wjznf;jznf; uG,faysmufoGm;ay vdrrnf? xdo@kd aom wdi;f &if;om;vlrsK;d rsm;ESihf rl&if;XmaevlrsK;d rsm;. uav; hf k k i,frsm;ESifh ywfoufaomtcGifhta&;rsm;ta=umif; tao;pdwfudk ,ckpm csKyftydk'f (30) wGif tao;pdwf Sif;vif;xm;ygonf?
63
CRC.pmd 63 3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
tyd'f (18) k
rdbwm0ef0w&m;rsm;
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CRC.pmd
64
3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
aoG;rsm;taejzifh olw@kd wawG cHpm;cGi&onftwdi;f uav;ypkapmifaSmuf hf dS h k h onfh tpDtpOfrsm;udk &SdcHpm;Edkifap&eftwGuf oihfavsmfaomvkyfaqmif r_rsm;udk vkyfaqmifay;&rnf? hf k Ttyd'wif tcGita&;qdonfxuf rdbrsm;. wm0ef0wW&m;t k f G a=umif;udk ydkrdkazmfjyxm;onf? uav;wa,muf }uD;jyif;vmatmif ypk ysKd;axmif&mwGif rdbrsm;ESifhtkyfxdrf;olrsm;Y t"duwm0ef0wW&m;Sda=umif; azmfjyxm;onf? tpdk;&wGif uav;ESifhywfoufI wm0efSdonf[kqdkaomf vnf; xdkwm0efrSm uav;tm;ypkapmifhaSmuf&mY rdbrsm;wGif tcuf tcJSdaeonfhtcgrsKd;Y rdbrsm;tay: vdktyfonfhulnDapmifhaSmufr_rsm;udk vkyfaqmifay;&onfh wm0efr#omjzpfonf? rdbjzpfol. uav;tay: ypk ysK;d axmifcihf tcef;wm0efw&yfv;kH udk tpd;k &u vH;k 0ykc;kH ajymif; ,ljcif;rsK;d udk G rqdvay? cGi;f csutaejzifh rdbrsm;vH;k 0rSawmhaom uav;rsm;ESihf wm0ef k kd f d rJhaomrdom;pkrsm;rS uav;rsm;udk cGif;csufxm;&rnfjzpf+yD; xdkta=umif; t&mESifhywfoufI tydk'f(9)ESifh (20)wdk@wGif tao;pdwfazmfjyxm;onf? ,cktyd'wif azmfjyxm;aom tpd;k &uaeI rdbrsm;tay: ulnaqmifuf k f G D G ay;&rnfh taxmuftyhqonfrm tvkyvyaomrdbrsm;. uav;rsm;t H kd S f k f wGuf ae@uav;xdr;f ausmif;rsm;ESihf tjcm;uav;ypkapmifaSmufa&; tpDt h pOfrsm; axmufyhHulnDay;jcif;yifjzpfonf? uav;rsm;onf tG,a&muf+yD;aom vlrsm;enf;wl kyyi;f qdi&m f f kd k f ESihf pdwyi;f qdi&m vdtyfcsursm; vdtyfonf? kyyi;f qdi&m vdtyfcsursm; f kd k f k f k f kd k f k f qdkonfrSm tpm;tpm/ aetdrfESifh aq;0g;ponfwdk@udk qdkvdkjcif;jzpfonf? pdwfydkif;qdkif&m vdktyfcsufrsm;rSm uav;rsm;tay: rdbrsm;u=uifemr_/ cspf cifr_/ em;vnfoabmaygufr_/ uav;rsm;.wifjyajymqdkjcif;udk ta&;w,l em;axmifay;r_/ uav;rsm;tcuftcJudk rdbrsm;u 0dkif;0ef;ajzSif;ay;r_ p onfw@kd jzpfonf? ,cktyd'wif uav;rsm;vdtyfonfh kyyi;f qdi&mESihf pdwf kf G k f kd k f ydkif;qdkif&m vdktyfcsufESpfrsKd;pvHk;udk jznhfqnf;ay;jcif;tjyif uav;rsm;zHG@ zd;wdk;wuf}uD;jyif;vmatmif vkyfaqmifay;&rnfh wm0efrsm;udk azmfjy 65
CRC.pmd 65 3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
xm;onf? Ttyd'onf rdbrsm; uav;rsm;. kyyi;f qdi&mvdtyfcsursm; kf f kd k f k f udk jznfqnf;ay;&rnf[k azmfjyxm;onfh pmcsKyfyg tyd'(27)ESihf qufpyfr_ h k f Sdaeonf? uav;i,ftm; ypkysKd;axmif&mwGif uav;.taumif;qHk;tusKd; udk&nfar#mfI rdcifESifhzcifESpfOD;pvHk;u wm0efcJGa0,lxrf;aqmif=u&rnf[k Ttydk'fu qdkxm;onf? +yD;cJhaom tydk'f(3)wGif uav;ESifhywfoufaom qHk;jzwfcsufrsm; csrSwf&mwGif tpdk;&taejzifh uav;.taumif;qHk;tusKd; udk OD;pm;ay;I qH;k jzwf&rnfjzpfa=umif; qdxm;ovdk Ttyd'(18)wGivnf; k kf f rdbrsm;taejzifh uav;.taumif;qHk;tusKd;udk aS_I OD;pm;ay; aqmif Guf&rnfjzpfa=umif; vrf;!$efxm;onf? xdk@twGufa=umifh rdbrsm;onf qHk;jzwfcsufwpHkw&m csrSwfawmhrnfhtcgwdkif; uav;.tusKd;pD;yGm; ouf oufudkom xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;&rnf[k qdkvdkjcif;r[kwfay? qdkvdkonfrSm xdk odk@qHk;jzwfcsufcsrSwfrnfhtcsdeftcgwdkif; uav;rsm;. tusKd;pD;yGm;udk 'kwd ,wef;pm;tcsufjzifhr[kwfbJ tajccHtcsuftjzpf xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;&efudk qdkvdkjcif;jzpfonf? rdbrsm;taejzifh uav;.udk,fusKd;pD;yGm;xuf rdrdwdk@.udk,fusKd;pD; yGm;udk aSwef;wifvmonfhtcgrsKd;wGif Ttydk'fyg wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;udk wm0efr,lrapmifxe;f &m a&mufom;Edionf? Oyrm - uav;tm; a&mif;cs h d G kf vdkufjcif;onf uav;.taumif;qHk;tusKd;pD;yGm;udk umuG,fr_ray;&m a&mufonf? xdk@jyif ausmif;wufaeaomuav;udk ausmif;xGufcdkif;+yD; t vkyfvkyfcdkif;jcif;onfvnf; uav;.taumif;qHk;tusKd;pD;yGm;udk riJh!m onftjzpfrsK;d jzpfEionf? aemufxyf Oyrmwckrm rdom;pk0ifaiGukd t&uf h kd f S aomuf/ avmif;upm;wdk@jzifh oHk;zef;ypfaejcif;a=umifh uav;i,ftwGuf vdtyfaomtpm;tpm/ t0wftxnfrsm;r0,fay;bJ csKd csKd iJihJ xm;jcif;rSm k h vnf; uav;.taumif;qHk;tusKd;udk OD;pm;ay;&rnf[laom oabmw &m;udk rav;pm;jcif;yifjzpfonf?
66
CRC.pmd 66 3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
tyd'f (19) k
uav;rsm;ESihf apmfum;rSKrsm;
(1) pmcsKyftzJG@0ifEdkifiHrsm;onf uav;rsm;tm; rdbrsm;.vuf atmufwGifjzpfap/ w&m;0iftkyfxdrf;ol vufatmufwGifjzpfap odk@r[kwf tjcm;rnfol@vufatmufwGif SdaepOftwGif; kyfydkif;ESifh pdwfydkif;qdkif&mt =urf;zufr_/ xdcdkuf'%f&m&apatmifapmfum;r_/ vspfvsL&_r_/ vdifydkif;qdkif&m tygt0if tjcm;aomtjrwfxwqufqjH cif;/ rw&m;qufqjH cif;ESihf vdiyi;f k f f kd qdkif&mtygt0if rw&m;tjrwfxkwfapcdkif;r_rsm;udk rnfonfhta=umif; a=umifhrS rcHpm;&ap&eftwGuf w&m;Oya'jyXmef;jcif;/ pDrHtkyfcsKyfjcif;/ vlr_ a&;ESifh ynma&;zufwdk@rS ynmay;jcif;tygt0if oifhavsmfaomvkyfaqmif ay;r_rsm; vkyfaqmifay;&rnf? (2) umuG,ay;onfh vkyief;rsm;taejzifh uav;ESiuav;udk ypk f f hf apmifaSmufaeaomolrsm;tm; vdtyfonfh tultnDrsm;ay;aom tpDt h k pOfrsm; xlaxmifay;+yD; aemufxyfvtyfonfh xda&mufaom vkyief;tqifh kd f qifukd oifavsmpm vkyui&efvonf? xd@k jyif Ttyd'wif azmfjyxm;aom h h fG f kd f kd kf G vspfvsL_ apmifhaSmufr_rJhaom tjzpfrsm;/ rw&m;qufqHcH&jcif;ESifh vdif ydkif;qdkif&mtygt0if rw&m;tjrwfxkwfapcdkif;r_rsm;rS umuG,fay;jcif;/ 67
CRC.pmd 67 3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
azmfxkwfay;jcif;/ owif;ay;ydk@jcif;/ vJ$ajymif;ay;jcif;/ ulnDay;jcif;/ rw&m; qufqHcH&aomuav;rsm;tm; aemufqufwJGppfaq;ay;jcif;/ vdktyfygu Oya'enf;vrf;rsm;t& yg0ifaqmifGufay;jcif;wdk@udk vkyfaqmifay;&rnf? Ttyd'wif uav;rsm;tay: rdbrsm;ESihf tjcm;apmifaSmufxm; k f G h olrsm;. apmfum;jcif;tm; tpdk;&taejzifh umuG,fay;&ef vdktyfa=umif; qdkxm;onf? tkyfxdrf;xm;olwa,muf. apmfum;r_/ dkufESufr_wdk@udk cH& onfh uav;wa,mufonf rnfo@l xwif rnfonftultnD awmif;&rnf H G h udk em;vnfEdkifrnfr[kwfyg? wcgw&HwGif uav;rsm;onf rdrdudktkyfxdef; aom rdbrsm; od@k r[kwf tjcm;aom tkyxr;f olrsm;. vufxwif ESpnf f d J G fS vrsm; apmfum;ESdyfpufcH=u&Smonf? xdkodk@ apmfum;cH&aom uav;rsKd; onf apmfum;r_a=umifh kyfydkif;qdkif&m xdcdkufemusifr_rsm; cHpm;&Hkomru xdkodk@apmfum;olonf uav;i,ftwGufrSDcdktm;xm; ,Hk=unf&rnfhol jzpf aeaoma=umifh wjcm;vlpdrf;wOD;u apmfum;jcif;xuf uav;i,ftay: pdwfydkif;qdkif&memusifcHpm;r_ ydkrdkjzpfaponf? xdo@kd apmfum;olrsm;xJwif rdbrsm;oufoufomr[kwbJ uav; k G f rsm;tm; xdef;ausmif;/ tkyfxdef;onfh ae&mtqifhwGifSdaom olrsm;vnf; yg0ifa=umif; ,cktyd'u qdxm;ygonf? xdorsm;rSm uav;rsm;. ausmif; kf k k l wGifwm0efSdaom q&mq&mrrsm;/ tkyfcsKyfa&;r;rsm;/ enf;jyrsm;tjyif u av;jzpfo. oli,fcsi;f rdbrsm;vnf; jzpfEiygonf? xd@k jyif uav;. aqGrsK;d l kd f om;csi;f rsm;jzpfaom OD;av;/ ta':ESihf zd;k zGm;jzpforsm;/ arG;pm;rdbrsm;vnf; l jzpfEdkifovdk uav;a*[mSd 0efxrf;rsm;/ wm0efSdol t}uD;tuJrsm;tjyif uav;rsm;jzifh zJG@pnf;xm;aomtzJG@rsm;rS wm0efcHacgif;aqmifrsm;vnf; jzpfEdkifygonf? uav;rsm;rcHpm;&atmif 0dkif;0ef;umuG,fay;&rnfh apmfum;r_rsm; udk Ttyd'u t"dym,fzixm;ygonf? xdapmfum;r_rsm;rSm kyyi;f ESipwf k f ` G hf k f kd hf d ydkif;qdkif&m t=urf;zufr_/ xdcdkuf'%f&m&apatmif apmfum;r_/ vspfvsL&_r_/ vdiyi;f qdi&mtygt0if tjcm;aom tjrwfxwqufqjH cif;ESihf rw&m;quf f kd k f k f 68
CRC.pmd
68
3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
qHr jzpfonf[I t"dym,fzixm;ygonf? xdo@kd t"dym,fziqcsua=umifh _ l ` G hf k ` G hf kd f uav;rsm;tm; tpGr;f ukef umuG,rrsm;ay;&rnfukd od&aomfvnf; us,f f_ dS jyef@ve;f aom t"dym,fziqcsua=umifh tcuftcJawG@&onfvnf; SEiyg G ` G hf kd f d kd f onf? Oyrm - kyyi;f qdi&m t=urf;zufrqonfrm rnfonftqiftxd f kd k f _ kd S h h h qdkvdkjcif;qdkonfudk Sif;vif;jywfom;pGm razmfjyEdkifyg? xdk@twGufa=umifh uav;.wifyg;udk tomt,mkujf cif;onf xdyyi;f qdi&m t=urf;zufr_ d k k f kd k f ajrmuf/ rajrmuf ar;cGef;xkwfp&mjzpfavhSdygonf? xdk@twGufa=umifh xdkp um;vHk;rsm;. t"dy`m,frsm;udk atmufwGifxyfrHSif;vif;xm;ygonf? kyyi;f qdi&mt=urf;zufrqonfrm vufAvmjzifjh zpfap/ }udrv;kH / f kd k f _ kd S f cg;ywfponfh vufwiuiaqmifxm;aom t&mjzifjh zpfapdujf cif;/ vufo;D G f kd f k jzifhxdk;jcif;/ ajcjzifhuefjcif;/ cE<mudk,fudkudkifI tiftm;jzifhaqmifhjcif;/ v_yf ,rf;jcif;/ eH&jH zifuiaqmifjh cif;/ avScg;rSqcsjcif;ESihf vnfyif;!pjf cif; ponfh h kd f GJ tytrlrsm;udk qdkvdkonf? xdk@jyif uav;twGuf tvGeftrif;cufcJaom odk@r[kwf emusifcHpm;ap&aom tvkyfrsKd;udk twif;t=uyfapcdkif;jcif;onf t=urf;zufonfhtytrl r[kwfaomfvnf; kyfydkif;qdkif&mt=urf;zufr_ S fh d f ajrmufonf? Oyrm - uav;i,f. kyyi;f qdi&mzH@G zd;r_Eirvkuaom avh f kd k f usicef;rsm; jyif;xefpmvkyci;f jcif;/ aeyljyif;jyif;atmufwif tvky=f urf;rsm; hf G f kd G apcdkif;jcif;wdk@jzpfonf? pdwyi;f qdi&mt=urf;zufrqonfrm uav;tay: tcsejf ynfh t f kd k f _ kd S d jypfwif jrnfweawmufw;D aejcif;/ uav;pdwxwif ud,uu,ori,f/ G f f J G k hf kd kd f d f kyfqdk;/ toHk;rus[laompdwfrsKd; cHpm;ay:aygufvmatmif vkyfaqmifjcif;/ uav;. trSm;r[kwfaomvkyf&yftwGuf uav;udktSuf&atmif tjypf ay;jcif;wdk@udk qdkvdkonf? vspfvsL_jcif;qdkonfrSm uav;tm; csDydk;acsmhjrLr_uif;rJhjcif;/ rnfh onfhtG,fSdaom uav;udkyifjzpfap au|;arG;r_ysufuGufjcif;/ usef;rma&; apmifhaSmufr_ESifh wudk,f&nfoef@&Sif;r_rsm;&Sdatmif vdktyfonfhtcsdefwGif rvkyfaqmifay;jcif;/ rawmfwqxdcdkufr_rsm; jzpfEdkifonfhae&mrsKd;wGif u 69
CRC.pmd 69 3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
av;udkcsefxm;cJhr_/ uav;rsm;Sdaeaomae&mESifh olwdk@vkyfaqmifaeaom tytrlrsm;udk tuJcwfr_rSdbJypfxm;r_/ uav;tm;ausmif;xm;&ef ysuf uGufr_/ uav;touftG,fESifh roifhawmfonfh rl;,pfaq;0g;vkyfief;rsm;/ vdifvkyfief;rsm;/ *dk%f;rsm;wGif uav;rsm;yg0ifywfoufaer_ESifh ywfoufI vdktyfaom xdef;ausmif;vrf;!$efr_rsm; yvkyf&ef ysufuGufr_ponfwdk@jzpf onf? tjrwfxwjf cif;qdonfrm vdtyfonfxuf ydrci;f apjcif; od@k r[kwf k k S k k kd kd tE &m,favmufonftxd cdi;f apjcif;udk qdvonf? uav;i,fwOD;tm; W dS k k kd tvGecufconfh tvkyapcdi;f jcif; od@k r[kwf tE &m,faom tvkyapcdi;f f J f k W dS f k jcif;onf tjrwfxkwfjcif;ajrmufonf? xdk@jyif vkyf&aomtvkyfrSm tvGef cufcJvSonf r[kwfaomfvnf; xdktvkyfuaeI uav;.vkyftm;jzifh & xm;aomaiGa=u;tm; odrf;,ljcif;/ rdrdudk,fusKd;twGuf oHk;pJGjcif;rSmvnf; uav;tay: tjrwfxkwfjcif;ajrmufonf? vdifydkif;qdkif&m apmfum;jcif;usL;vGefolrsm;rSm uav;ESifhaoG;om; awmfpyfolrsm;jzpfEdkifovdk uav;tm;tkyfxdef;olrsm;vnf; jzpfEdkifonf? rdbrsm;/ nDtpfuarmifEprrsm;/ tjcm;aqGrsK;d rsm;/ q&mq&mrrsm;/ enf;jy kd S f rsm;/ bmoma&;t}uD;tuJrsm;/ q&m0efrsm;ESifh uav;apmifhaSmufa&;a* [m0efxrf;rsm;ponfjzifh trsK;d rsK;d jzpfEionf? t=urf;zufjcif;rSaomfvnf; kd f d roifhavsmfpGm erf;_wfayG@zufjcif;onfvnf; vdifydkif;qdkif&m apmfum;jcif; ajrmufonfudk owdy&rnf? Ttyd'(19)wGif tpd;k &taejzifh uav;jzpfoEiuav;tm; xde;f k f l S hf ausmif;/ tkyfxdef;olrsm;twGuf vdktyfaom tultnDtaxmuftyhHrsm; ay;&rnfjzpfovdk xdkolrsm;uaeI uav;rsm;tay: apmfum;r_rsm; yvkyf jcif;rS umuG,fay;jcif;/ wm;qD;ay;jcif;/ pHkprf;ppfaq;ay;jcif;/ azmfxkwfjcif;/ owif;ydk@jcif;/ v$Jajymif;ay;jcif;/ tjypfay;ta&;,ljcif;rsm; vkyfaqmifonfh pepfudk aqmifGufay;&rnfjzpfa=umif; qdkxm;onf?
70
CRC.pmd 70 3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
tyd'f (20) k
rdom;pkrSawmhonfuav;rsm; d h
(1) rdom;pkywf0ef;usib0udk ,m,Dtcdutwef@jzpfap/ t+rJwrf; f k f jzpfap cHpm;EdirrSonfuav;rsm; od@k r[kwf xdrom;pkywf0ef;usib0wGif kf _ d h k d f Saeygaomfvnf; taumif;qH;k aumif;tusK;d udk r&SEiaomuav;rsm;onf d d kd f EdkifiHawmftpdk;&. txl;umuG,fapmifhaSmufr_ESifh ulnDaxmufyhHr_rsm;udk cHpm;ydkifcGifhSdonf? (2) pmcsKyftzJ@G 0ifEiirsm;onf xdo@kd aomuav;rsm;twGuf EdiiH kd f H k kf awmfOya'rsm;ESifh vdkufavsmnDaxGaom tjcm;enf;vrf;rsm;jzifh apmifh aSmufr_rsm;&Sdap&ef tmrcH&rnf? (3) xdtjcm;enf;vrf;rsm;jzifh apmifaSmufrrsm;wGif uav;rsm;udk k h _ xdef;odrf;apmifhaSmufrnfh rdom;pkrsm;udk SmazGay;jcif;/ tpPvmrfOya't& Kafalah vkyaqmifay;jcif;/ arG;pm;apjcif;/ od@k r[kwf vdtyfygu uav;tm; f k apmifhaSmufEdkifrnfh oifhavsmfaomXmersm;odk@ tyfESHxm;Sday;jcif;rsm; yg 0ifonf? xdkokd@vkyfaqmif&eftwGuf ajzSif;csufrsm;udk pOf;pm;onfhtcg 71
CRC.pmd 71 3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
wGif uav;jzpfo. wd;k wuf}uD;jyif;r_ qufvufjzpfay:apa&;udk &nf,I l G f xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;&rnfjzpfovdk uav;. wdkif;&if;om;jzpfr_/ bmoma&;/ ,Ofaus;r_Eihf bmompum;aemufcH tcsursm;udvnf; xnfoi;f pOf;pm;ay; S f k h G &rnf? Ttyd'wif rdbESpO;D pvH;k rSawmhaom uav;rsm;ESihf rdbESpO;D p k f G f d f vHk;ESifh ta=umif;trsKd;rsKd;a=umifh wuJGwjym;jzpfaeaom uav;rsm;tm; tpdk;&u txl;umuG,fay;r_ESifh tultnDrsm;ay;&rnf[k qdkxm;onf? Ttyd'onf rdbrsm;ESiuav;jzpfotm; woD;wjcm;pD cJxm;cGiukd cGihf y k f hf l G hf xm;onhfpmcsKyf tydk'f(9)ESifh arG;pm;jcif;qdkif&m tydk'f(21)wdk@ESifh qufpyf aeonf? uav;i,frsm;ESifhrdbwdk@ wuJGwjym;jzpf&onfh ta=umif;&if; t rsm;tjym;Sdonf? Oyrmtm;jzifh rdcifjzpfolwGif w&m;0ifvufxyfxm; onfhcifyGef; rSdaoma=umifhvnf;aumif;/ rdrd&ifaoG;udk wm0ef,lapmifh aSmuf&ef tG,fi,fvGef;ojzifh rdbESifhwuJGwjym;pD aexdkif&aoma=umifh vnf;aumif; ponfjzifh ta=umif;&if;trsKd;rsKd; SdEdkifygonf? xdkuav;udk aqGrsK;d awmfpyforsm;u xde;f ausmif;tkyxe;f ay;jcif; od@k r[kwf tjcm;olrsm; l f d u arG;pm;vdkufjcif;wdk@ yvkyfavhSdonf? xdkodk@aom uav;rsm;omru rd cifESifhzcif tdrfaxmifuGmSif;vdkuft+yD; rdcif odk@r[kwf zcifwOD;wnf;u xdef;ausmif;SmazG ypk&efrwwfEdkifawmhojzifh tjcm;olxH arG;zGm;&efay; vdkufjcif; odk@r[kwf rdbrhJuav;a*[mrsm;wGif tyfESHvdkufjcif;wdk@a=umifh rdbESiwuJwjym;jzpfom;aom uav;rsm;vnf;Sonf? rdcif od@k r[kwf zcif hf G G d wOD;wnf;u SmazGau|;arG;apmifhaSmufr_ rvHkavmufonfhtwGuf xdku av;rSm aexdiraumif;jcif;/ csKd wJjh cif;rsm;udk &ifqi&Smonf? 0di;f 0ef;ulnD kf kd f k apmifaSmufay;rnforsm; rSaomuav;rsm;rSm ydrItcufuH&awmhonf? h h l d k kd tu,fI rdcifjzpfol odk@r[kwf zcifjzpfolu aemufxyftdrfaxmifopf xl axmifvdkufyguvnf; xdkuav;rSm aemufxyftdrfaxmifopfrS arG;zGm;vm aom uav;rsm;avmuf ypk,k,r_rcHpm;&awmhonfudkvnf; uHawG@Edkif 72
CRC.pmd
72
3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
onf? vrf;ay:a&mufuav;trsm;pkrSm xdkodk@aomrdom;pkrSaeI aygufzGm; vmaom uav;rsm;jzpfonf[k okawoeawG@Sdcsufrsm;u qdkygonf? rdbESifhwuJGwjym;pDjzpfavhSdaom aemufxyfta=umif;wckrS u av;. rdbESpfOD;pvHk; rawmfwqjzpfr_/ obm0ab;'%fESifh ppfyJGwdk@a=umifh aoqHk;oGm;jcif;/ wuJGwjym;pDjzpfoGm;aoma=umifhvnf; SdEdkifonf? tydk'f(20)wGif rdom;pkrsm;rSdawmhaom uav;rsm;tm; aemuf xyfypkapmifaSmufay;Edirnfh tjcm;enf;vrf;rsm; axmufyay;&rnf[k qdk h kf hH xm;onf? qdvonfrm xduav;tm; wm0ef,apmifaSmufrnfh rdom;pkxH k kd S k l h ,m,DtyfESHay;jcif; odk@r[kwf arG;pm;apjcif;wdk@jzpfonf? wm0ef,lapmifh aSmufrnfrom;pkxH ,m,DtyfEay;jcif;qdonfrm ud,yi&ifaoG;av;rsm; h d HS k S k f kd f Sd+yD; xdkrdbrJhuav;udk wm0ef,lxdef;ausmif;ypkay;&ef oabmwlaom rd om;pkwpkxwif ,m,DtyfEjHS cif;udk qdvonf? arG;pm;jcif;qdonfrm xdu H G k kd k S k av;i,fonf rdom;pkopfwpkwGif xm0&rdom;pk0iftjzpf aexdkifoGm;jcif; jzpfonf? arG;pm;jcif;ESifhywfoufI tydk'f(21)wGif tao;pdwf Sif;jyxm; ygonf? tu,fI uav;.rdbESpO;D teuf wOD;OD;utoufivsuf Sae f Sf d ao;onfqygu xdrcif od@k r[kwf zcifjzpfoEiuav;wd@k ukd wuJwjym;pD kd k d l S hf G jzpfaeapaom ta=umif;&if;jy\emudk ajzSif;ay;jcif;onfomv#if t aumif;qHk;ajzSif;csufjzpfayvdrfhrnf? xdkodk@vkyfaqmifay;jcif;ESifh ywfoufI Oyrmtaejzifh ppfyGJ od@k r[kwf obm0ab;'%fa=umifh rdbrsm;ESihf wuJw G jym;pDjzpfom;ygu xdrbrsm;udk vduvmazGay;jcif;/ axmifrvwawmhrnfh G kd k f HS S $ f rdbrsm;jzpfygu axmifv$wfonfhtcsdeftxd uav;udkapmifhaSmufay;xm; jcif;/ t&uf od@k r[kwf rl;,pfaq;pJaeaom rdbjzpfygu aq;0g;ukoI jzwf G awmufay;jcif;/ rdbrsm;. pdwyi;f qdi&mzdp;D r_rsm; avsmenf;apa&; tpDt f kd k f h pOfrsm;udk aqmifGufay;jcif;ESifh rdbrsm;tvkyftudkif SmazGay;jcif;wdk@udk Oyrmjy&ayvdrfhrnf? xdkodk@ rdbESifhuav;wdk@ wuJGwjym;pDjzpfapaom t a=umif;&if;rsm;udk ajzSif;ay;aepOftcsdeftwGif;ESifh jy\emudk vHk;0rajz 73
CRC.pmd 73 3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
Sif;EdkifcifumvtwGif;wGif wm0ef,lapmifhaSmufrnfh rdom;pkxH xdkuav; udk ,m,DtyfESHxm;jcif;onf taumif;qHk;enf;vrf;yifjzpfonf? tydk'f(20)wGif rdom;pkESifh ,m,DwuJGwjym;jzpfaeaom uav; rsm;ESifhywfoufI aemufxyfqdkxm;aom tcsufwcsufSdao;onf? xdkt csufrSm uav;tay: umuG,fapmifhaSmufr_rsm; axmufyhHay;Edkifrnfhae&m Xmersm;wGif vdtyfygu xdo@kd aomuav;rsm;udk tyfExm;Edionf qdaom k k HS kf k tcsujf zpfonf? xdko@kd aomae&mXmersK;d rSm rdom;pkrsm;aexdiaom aetdrf kf rsK;d r[kwbJ uav;rsm;tm; apmifaSmufun&eftwGuf vcay;xm;onfh f h l D 0efxrf;rsm;Saomae&mudk qdvonf? xdXmersm;onf tpd;k &vufatmufcH d k kd k jzpfEdkifovdk yk*~vduydkifvnf;jzpfEdkifonf? trsm;tm;jzifh ukodkvfjzpftzJG@ rsm;ESifh bmoma&;tzJG@rsm;u xdkXmersm;udk wm0ef,lwnfaqmufzGifhvSpf xm;avhSdonf? tcsKdae&mXmersm;wGif xdef;odrf;apmifhaSmufxm;&ol u av;aygi;f &mESicsI&S+d yD; tcsKd rSmuav;tenf;i,fuom wm0ef,Eiaom hf D kd l kd f tzJG@i,frsm;jzpfonf? tcsKdXmersm;wGif arG;uif;puav;tG,frSpIS t G,fa&mufonftxd wm0ef,lwwfonf? xdtcsuEiywfoufI owdy&efrm vdtyfygu [laom pum; k f S hf S k pkyifjzpfonf? xdkpum;t& rdbrsm;ESifh woD;wjcm;jzpfaeaom uav;t wGuf aemufxyfajzSi;f p&m tjcm;enf;vrf;rsm; vH;k 0r&SawmhonftcgwirS d h Gf om xdXmersm;od@k tyfEjHS cif;vky&rnf[k qdvonf? xdo@kd aom Xmersm;onf k f k kd k rnfr#aumif;rGefvSygonf[kqdkapumrl aumif;rGefaomywf0ef;usif/ aEG; axG;aom rdom;pkb0xufydkrdk+yD; uav;b0zHG@zd;wdk;wufap&ef omvGef aumif;rGefjcif; rSdEdkifqdkonfhtcsufudk oabmayguf&rnf? rdbESifhwoD;wjcm;pDjzpfaeaomuav;tm; rnfonfhae&mrsKd;wGif tyfESH&rnfenf;qdkaomtcsufudk qHk;jzwf&mwGif rarhravsmhxnfhoGif;pOf; pm;&rnfh tcsufESpfcsufSdonf? yxrtcsufrSm tcsdef=um=umwnf+rJr_jzpf onf? tu,fI rdbrsm;ESia0;uGmaeaom uav;wOD;tm; tjcm;olrsm;ESihf hf tjcm;ae&mwckwif tyfExm;pOf wae&mrSwae&m/ wrdom;pkrS tjcm;wrd G HS 74
CRC.pmd
74
3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
om;pkvufo@kd t}udr}f udrtcgcg ajymif;a$ae&ygu tajctaetopfrsm;ESihf f vdkufavsmnDaxGpGm aexdkifwwfap&ef uav;tzdk@ tcuftcJrsm;pGmawG@& ayrnf? xd@k a=umifh uav;tm;tyfE+HS yD; wm0ef,apmifaSmufrrsm;jzifh yHy;kd ay; l h _ h rnfhae&mwGif uav;taejzifh wnf+rJpGmaexdkifEdkifa&;udk t"duxnfhoGif; pOf;pm;&rnf? 'kwd,tcsufrSm xdkodk@tyfESH+yD; wm0ef,lapmifhaSmufr_rsm; ay;&mwGif uav;jzpfo. ud;k uG,onfbmom/ ajymqdonfpum;/ wdi;f &if; l f h k h k om;ESifh ,Ofaus;r_aemufcHtcsufrsm;udk twwfEdkifqHk; xnfhoGif;pOf;pm; ay;&rnf [laomtcsujf zpfonf? xdtcsursm;udk xnfoi;f pOf;pm;+yD;rSom k f h G rnfonfhae&mrsKd;wGif xdkuav;udkxm;&ef oifhavsmfrnfqdkaom qHk;jzwf csuukd csrwoifonf? xdt&mrsm;udk xnfoi;f pOf;pm;&onfh ta=umif;&if; f S f h k h G ESpfcsufSdonf? yxrtcsufrSm uav;aexdkif&rnfhae&mopfonf ,cif aexdic&aom rdom;pkaetdrEihf xl;xl;jcm;jcm; uJjG ym;jcm;em;jcif; rSonfh k f hJ f S d tcg xduav;taejzifh tvG,wul vduavsmnDaxGpm aexdiEiayvdrhf k f k f G k f kd f rnf? xdk@jyif xdkuav;. wdkif;&if;om;ESifh,Ofaus;r_rsm;tm; ae&mopfSd ,Of aus;r_topfrsm;u zHk;v$rf;zsufpD;jcif;ryEdkif&ef umuG,fay;jcif;vnf; ajrmufonf?
75
CRC.pmd 75 3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
tyk'f (21) d
arG;pm;jcif;
uav;arG;pm;jcif;udk todtrSwfyaom odk@r[kwf cGifhyaom pm csKyftzJG@0ifEdkifiHonf xdkarG;pm;jcif;pepfwGif uav;.taumif;qHk;tusKd;udk txl;tjrifrm;qH;k xnhoi;f pOf;pm;&rnfjzpfonf? xdo@kd jzpfap&eftwGu h f G k f (u) vkyfaqmifEdkifr_pGrf;&nfSdonfh tm%mydkifrsm;u qHk;jzwfcGifh yaom uav;arG;pm;jcif;rsm;jzpfap&ef tmrcHay;&rnfjzpf+yD; xdo@kd k qHk;jzwf&mwGifvnf; xdkuav;arG;pm;jcif;onf uav;.rdbrsm;/ aqGrsKd;rsm;ESifh w&m;0iftkyfxdef;cGifh&aomolrsm;ESifh ywfoufonfh uav;. tqifhtwef;tajctaersm;udk oufqdkif&mOya'rsm;/ vkyx;kH vkyenf;rsm;ESihf qDavsmonfh cdirmaomowif;tcsuf t f f f kf vufrsm;tay: tajccHavhvm+yD;rS cGifhy&rnf? (c) tu,fI xdkuav;tm; apmifaSmufrnfrom;pkrsm;/ arG;pm; h h d rnfh rdom;pkrsm;ESifh uav;tm;apmifhaSmufrnfh tjcm;oifhavsmf 76
CRC.pmd
76
3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
aomenf;vrf;rsm; uav;.arG;&yfEiitwGi;f wGif rSawmhonft kd f H d h cgrsKd;wGifrS xdkuav;tm; tjcm;wdkif;jynfrsm;Y arG;pm;cGifhyjcif;udk tjcm;enf;vrf;rsm;jzifh uav;tm;apmifhaSmufjcif;tjzpf todt rSwfy&rnf? (*) xdkodk@tjcm;wdkif;jynfwGif arG;pm;cH&aomuav;onf rdrdwdkif; jynftwGi;f wGif wnfaeaomarG;pm;jcif;ESihf udunonfh umuG,f dS k f D apmifaSmufay;r_rsm;ESihf tqiftwef;rsm;twdi;f &Scpm;Ediap&ef h h k dH kf tmrcHay;&rnf? (C) xdkodk@ tjcm;wdkif;jynfrsm;wGif arG;pm;jcif;Sdvmygu xdkodk@ arG;pm;&mwGif yg0ifywfoufaeonforsm;twGuf roifavsmaom h l h f aiGa=u;tusKd;tjrwf&Sdapjcif;rjzpfap&ef oifhavsmfaomaqmif Gufcsufrsm;tm;vHk;udk vkyfaqmifay;I tmrcH&rnf? (i) uav;tm; tjcm;wdi;f jynfwixm;Sjd cif;udk t&nftcsi;f jynfh k Gf rSDaom tm%mydkifrsm;ESifh tzJG@tpnf;rsm;uom wm0ef,lvkyf aqmifEi&eftwGuf wEdiiEihf Ediirsm;t=um; pDpOfaqmifurrsm; kd f kfHS kfH G f_ odk@r[kwf oabmwlnDcsufrsm; vkyfaqmifjcif;tygt0if ,ckvkyf ydkifcGifhabmiftwGif;wGifSdaom tjcm;enf;vrf;rsm;jzifh Ttydk'f. &nfG,fcsufrsm;udk oifhavsmfovdk wdk;jrifhvkyfaqmifoGm;&rnf? ,cktyd'wif uav;arG;pm;jcif;udcihf yxm;aom Ediirsm;Y uav; kf G kG kfH arG;pm;cGifhyjcif;ESifhywfoufI rnfonhftcsuftvufrsm;udk av;pm;vdkuf em&rnfjzpfa=umif; azmfjyxm;onf? EdkifiHtawmfrsm;rsm;wGif uv;arG;pm;jcif;udk w&m;Oya'jzifh cGifhy xm;onf? od@k aomf tpPvmrfEiirsm;wGif arG;pm;jcif;[krac:qdbJ umzvm kd f H k (Khafala) [lIac:a0:+yD; rdom;pkwpkuaeI uav;tm; woufvHk;ypk apmifaSmufonfh yHptpOftvmudk usio;kH avhonf? +yD;cJaom tyd'(20) h kH hf dS h kf wGif xdumzvmtpOftvmudk uav;tm; umuG,apmifaSmufaomenf; k f h vrf;wcktjzpf todtrSwfyxm;onfudk awG@Edkifonf? 77
CRC.pmd 77 3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
uav;arG;pm;jcif;udk w&m;Oya't& cGifhyaomEdkifiHrsm;Y uav; arG;pm;jcif;ESifhywfoufI aS;OD;yxrtaejzifh txl;xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;&rnfh tcsufrSm uav;.taumif;qHk;tusKd;yifjzpfonf? xdkodk@ uav;tusKd; kf twGuf taumif;qH;k jzpfaprnfh uav;arG;pm;r_rsK;d udk cGihf yEdiaom tm%m ESifh vkyfydkifcGifhSdaom w&m;Hk;uJhodk@aom Xmewckcku twnfycGifhy&rnf? xdo@kd aomXmewckcu uav;.tajctaeudk avhvmppfaq;r_rsm;yvky+f yD; k k arG;pm;oifonf[I vufcq;kH jzwfay;jcif; rSaomarG;pm;r_rsK;d onf w&m; h l H d r0ifaom arG;pm;r_rsK;d jzpfonf? tu,fI arG;pm;jcif;ESiywfoufI uav; hf jzpfoEihf if;.rdbESpyg;. qENukd &,l&efvtyfonfh tajctaersK;d jzpfygu l S f kd xdkolrsm;taejzifh rSefrSefuefuefqHk;jzwfcsufrsm; csrSwfapEdkifa&;twGuf vdk tyfaomulnDvrf;!$efr_rsm; ay;&ygrnf? Ttydk'fwGif tjcm;EdkifiHwEdkifiHrS ZeD;armifESHESpfOD;uaeI rdrdwdk@ESifh EdkifiHcsif;rwlaomEdkifiHrS uav;wOD;tm; arG;pm;jcif;ESifhywfouf+yD; txl; vdkufem&rnfh pnf;urf;rsm;udk azmfjyxm;onf? xdkodk@ EdkifiHrwlaomEdkifiHrS uav;rsm;tm; arG;pm;jcif;onf ,ckumvwGif txl;rsm;jym;vmonfudk h kfH awG@&onf? xdo@kd rsm;jym;vm&onfta=umif;rSm zH@G zd;wd;k wufaomEdiirsm; k Sd ZeD;armifErsm;wGif uav;&Sr_ enf;yg;ae+yD; zH@G zd;wd;k wufr_ enf;yg;aom HS d EdkifiHrsm;wGif rdbrJhuav;rsm;/ pGefypfcHuav;ta&twGuf rsm;jym;aer_wdk@ uGm[rsm;jym;vmaejcif;a=umifjh zpfonf? tcsKd pufrxe;f um;aom Ediirsm; _ G kfH Sd ZeD;armifESH &mcdkifE_ef;tawmfrsm;rsm;onf usef;rma&;csKd,Gif;csufa=umifh uav;r&SEiaomjy\emESihf uHawG@aevsuonf? arG;pm;Edirnfuav; d kd f f dS kf h rsm;udk SmazG&efrSmvnf; xdkEdkifiHrsKd;wGif rvG,fulvSacs? xdk@a=umifh xdkEdkifiH rsm;rS &ifaoG;r&Ediaom ZeD;armifErsm;onf zH@G zd;wd;k wufr_ edrusaeaom kf HS hf Ediirsm;rS rdbrJhuav;rsm;/ pGe@f ypfcuav;i,frsm;udk arG;zGm;Edi&ef vduvH kfH H kf k f SmazG&mrSaeI ,ckuJhodk@ wjcm;EdkifiHrsm;rSuav;rsm;udk arG;pm;r_rsm; wdk; yGm;vmcJhjcif;jzpfonf? xdkodk@ EdkifiHjcm;rSarG;pm;rnfholrsm;tm; arG;pm;cGifhyjcif;onf xdku 78
CRC.pmd
78
3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
av;i,faexdionfEiitwGi;f arG;pm;rnfh od@k r[kwf ,m,Dwm0ef,l xde;f k f h kd f H ausmif;ay;rnfh rdom;pkrsm;rSawmhojzifh aemufq;kH taejzifh cGihf yvdu&jcif; d k f rsK;d jzpf&rnf? tu,fI xduav;i,ftm; arG;pm;vdaom ZeD;armifEEpwGJ k k HS S f jzpfae+yD; wwJrmEdiijH cm;rS ZeD;armifErsm;jzpf+yD; tjcm;wwJrm xduav;ae GS kf HS GS k xdkif&mEdkifiHrS armifESHrsm;jzpfygu xdkuav;ESifh EdkifiHwlaomarmifESHudk arG; pm;cGifhay;&ef ydkrdkOD;pm;ay;&rnf[k Ttydk'f(21)u qdkxm;onf? EkiijH cm;od@k ac:aqmifarG;pm;&mwGif owdy&rnfaemufxyftcsuf df h rSm xdo@kd arG;pm;jcif;onf tusK;d tjrwfwpHwcktwGuf arG;pm;jcif;rjzpfap&ef k k yifjzpfonf? xdkodk@qdk&jcif;rSm vufSdawGuHae&onfh uav;i,frsm;tm; EdkifiHwumwGif ukefypPnf;rsm;ozG,f ul;oef;a&mif;0,faeonfh jzpf&yfrsm; a=umifhyifjzpfonf? wcsKdarG;pm;vdkolrsm;onf rdrdwdk@arG;pm;vdkaomuav; rsm;udk vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;/ pnf;urf;Oya'rsm;twdkif; arG;pm;vdkjcif;rSdbJ aiG ay;Itvsiftjref arG;pm;vdk=uonf? tcsKdEdkifiHrsm;wGifvnf; xdkodk@uav; arG;pm;jcif;udk tjrwftpGef;twGufar#mfudk;I vkyfpm;aeaom yJGpm;rsm;Sd aewwfonf? xdktcgrsKd;wGif aiGa=u;tjrwftpGef;udkom t"duxm;ojzifh uav;.taumif;qHk;tusKd;udk aS_&rnf[laomtcsufudk xnfhoGif;pOf; pm;jcif; rSawmhacs? xdtcg uav;twGuf taumif;qH;k tusK;d udk zefw;D ay; d k Edirnfh rdom;pkrsK;d udk vduvmazGay;onfh yHprsK;d r[kwawmhbJ rdom;pku kf k f H S k H f arG;pm;vdkaom uav;rsKd;udkom vdkufvHSmazGaom yHkpHrsKd;odk@ qdkufa&muf oGm;awmhonf?
79
CRC.pmd 79 3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
tyd'f (22) k
uav;'kuonfrsm;
(1) pmcsKyftzJG@0ifEdkifiHrsm;onf wOD;wnf;jzpfap/ uav;.rdbESifh twlwuGjzpfap od@k r[kwf tjcm;olEijhf zpfap a&mufvm+yD; 'kuonftjzpf S dS Q av#mufxm;aom od@k r[kwf 'kuonftjzpf todtrSwf ycHxm;&aom u Q av;tm; TpmcsKyfyg oifhavsmfonfh tcGifhta&;rsm;tjyif pmcsKyftzJG@0if Ediirsm;taejzifh av;pm;vduem&efwm0efonfh tjcm;Ediiwum vl@tcGihf kfH k f dS kfH ta&;ESifh vlom;csif;pmemaxmufxm;aom pmcsKyfpmwrf;rsm;yg tcGifht a&;rsm; cHpm;&Sdap&eftwGuf oifhavsmfaomumuG,fr_rsm;ESifh vlom;csif; pmemaom tultnDrsm;&Sdap&ef oufqdkif&mEdkifiHwumOya'rsm; odk@r [kwf EdkifiHawmfOya'rsm;ESifh vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;rsm;ESifhtnD oifhwifhavsmuf ywfaom vkyfaqmifr_rsm; vkyfaqmifay;&rnf? (2) xdk&nfG,fcsuftwkdif; pmcsKyftzJG@0ifEdkifiHrsm;onf ukvor*~ odk@r[kwf vkyfaqmifEdkifpGrf;Sdaom tjcm;EdkifiHwumtzJG@tpnf;rsm; odk@r [kwf ukvor*~Eihf vufwvyaqmifaeaom tpd;k &r[kwonfh tzJ@G tpnf; S GJ k f f 80
CRC.pmd
80
3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
rsm;ESifh vdktyfygu yl;aygif;aqmifGufI 'kuQonfuav;rsm;tm; olwdk@. rdom;pkrsm;ESifh jyefvnfaygif;qHkEdkif&eftwGuf vdktyfaomowif;tcsuf tvufrsm; &Sdap&eftvdk@iSm xdkuav;.rdbrsm;ESifh tjcm;rdom;pk0ifrsm; tm; vdkufvHSmazGjcif;rsm;/ xdkuav;tm; ulnDumuG,fay;jcif;rsm;udk axmufyay;&rnf? tu,fI xduav;.rdbrsm;ESihf tjcm;rdom;pk0ifrsm;udk hH k SmazGrawG@awmhonfhtcgrsKd;wGif xdkuav;tm; ,ckpmcsKyfwGifazmfjyxm; aom enf;trsK;d rsK;d a=umifh rdom;pkb0ESihf ,m,Djzpfap/ xm0&jzpfap uif; a0;aeaom tjcm;uav;rsm;ESihf wef;wlaom umuG,apmifaSmufr_ cHpm; f h ap&rnf? Ttydk'fwGif 'kuQonfuav;rsm;onf TpmcsKyfyg uav;tcGifh ta&;rsm;udk tjcm;uav;rsm;wef;wl cHpm;EdkifcGifhSdap&eftjyif EkdifiHwum 'kuQonfOya'rsm;wGifyg0ifaom 'kuQonfqdkif&m tjcm;tcGifhta&;rsm;udk vnf; cHpm;cGifhSdap&eftwGuf tpdk;&uwm0ef,l ulnDaqmifGufay;oifh a=umif; qdkxm;onf? 'kuQonfqdkonfrSm rdrd.wdkif;jynf&if;wGif EdkifiHa&;cH,lcsufa=umifh jzpfap/ bmoma&;/ vlrsKd;a&;ESifh vlr_a&;tkyfpk0ifjzpfaoma=umifhjzpfap rdrd wdkif;jynfwGif ta&;,ljcif;cH&rnfjzpfaom odk@r[kwf xdkodk@ta&;,lcH&rnfh tE W&m,fSdaomolrsm;udk qdkvkdjcif;jzpfonf? rdrdae&if;wkdif;jynfxuf ydkrdk aumif;rGeaom b0rsK;d &Sz@kd tcGitvrf;SmazG&eftwGuf xGuvmaomol f d hf f rsm; od@k r[kwf rdrwi;f jynfdS Ediia&;pepfukd rESpoufoufoufjzifh xGuf d kd kfH f kH vmaomolrsm;udk 'kuQonftjzpf rqdkEdkifyg? 'kuQonftjzpf todtrSwfy cHEdkif&eftwGuf xdkolrsm;onf tjypfay;ta&;,l cH&aomolrsm; odk@r[kwf wdkif;jynftwGif; qufvufaexdkifygu xdkodk@tjypfay; ta&;,lcH&rnfh t ajctae/ tE W&m,frsKd; qdkufa&mufEdkifaom olrsm;jzpfa=umif; oufaot axmuftxm; cdkifvHkpGmjyoEdkif&ef vdktyfonf? 'kuonfrsm;ESiywfoufonfh EdiiwumOya'rsm;xJwif ta&;t Q hf kfH G }uD;qH;k aomtcGita&;rSm xd'uonfrsm;tm; olw@kd .b0ESihf vGwvyfrukd hf kk Q f _ 81
CRC.pmd 81 3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
tE W&m,fjzpfaprnfh EdkifiH&if;odk@ twif;t=uyfjyefvnfydk@aqmifjcif;rS um uG,ay;aom tcGita&;yifjzpfonf? xdtcGita&;t& 'kuonfrsm; xGuf f hf k hf Q ajy;cdvcaomEdiirS tm%mydirsm;onf 'kuonfrsm; tE &m,fuHawG@Eif k H_ hJ kfH kf Q W kd rnfh Edii&if;qDo@kd twif;t=uyf jyefy@kd aqmifjcif;ryEdiay? xdtcGita&;rsm; kfH kf k hf ESifhywfoufI 1951 ckESpf 'kuQonfrsm;tqifhtwef;qdkif&m EdkifiHwumo abmwlpmcsKyfwGif wdwdusus a&;om;xm;onfudk avhvmEdkifonf? cdkv_HcGifhav#mufxm;olqdkonfrSm rdrdtm; 'kuQonftjzpf todt rSwfyoifhonf[k ,Hk=unfxm;+yD; 'kuQonftjzpf todtrSwfy rcH&ao; aomolrsm;udk qdvonf? xdorsm;onf 'kuonfrjzpfao;aomfvnf; t k kd k l Q csKdtcGifhta&;rsm;udk &SdcHpm;cGifhSd+yD; txl;ojzifh 'kuQonftjzpf av#muf xm;ydiciEihf 'kuonftjzpf todtrSwf yr_ukd rqH;k jzwf&ao;cif xdorsm; k f G hf S Q k l tm; EdkifiH&if;odk@ twif;t=uyf jyefvnfydk@aqmifjcif;rsm;rS umuG,fr_rsm; cHpm;ydkifcGifhSdonf? uav;oli,ftcGita&;qdi&m oabmwlpmcsKyf. tyd'(22)t& hf kf k f 'kuonfuav;i,frsm;onf olw@kd . rdbrsm;ESihf wuJwjym;jzpfaeonfwif Q G h kd atmif 'kuQonfqdkif&m tcGifhta&;rsm;tm;vHk;udk cHpm;ydkifcGifhSdonf[k qdk xm;onf? rdbrsm;ESifh wuJGwjym;jzpfaeonfhwdkifatmif 'kuQonftcGifht a&;rsm;udk cHpm;cGifhSdonf[k txl;azmfjyxm;jcif;rSm tcsKdEdkifiHrsm;.Oya' rsm;wGif uav;i,frsm;. 'kuQonftqifhtwef;udk qHk;jzwf&mwGif xdku av;rdbrsm;. 'kuQonftqifhtwef;tay:rlwnfI owfrSwfqHk;jzwfavhSd aoma=umifhjzpfonf? xdkOya't& rdbrsm;tm; 'kuQonftjzpf todt rSwf ycH&ygu xdrb.&ifaoG;rsm;rSm tvdtavsmuf 'kuonftjzpf tod k d k Q trSwfycH&+yD; vrf;c&D;wGifrdbrsm;aysmufqHk;/ aoqHk;oGm;aom uav;i,f rsm; od@k r[kwf rdbrsm;rygbJ xGuajy;vmcJ&aom uav;rsm;rSm 'kuonf f h Q tjzpf av#mufxm;cGifhrSdawmhacs? tydk'f(22)u xdkodk@Oya'rsKd;udk wm;jrpf xm;+yD; rdbrsm;rygbJ wOD;wnf;xGufajy; wdrf;aSmifvmaom uav;rsm; onfvnf; 'kuQonftjzpf cHpm;cGifhy&ef azmfjyxm;onf? 82
CRC.pmd
82
3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
'kuQonfrsm;qdkif&m r[mrif;}uD;Hk;u xkwfjyefxm;aom tazmf rygonfh uav;i,frsm;ESifhywfoufI udkifwG,fajzSif;&rnfh vrf;!$efcsuf pmtkyfwGif touf(15)ESpftxuf uav;i,frsm;tm; tu,fI olwdk@ wdkif;jynfodk@jyefygu tjypfay;ta&;,l cH&rnfhta=umif;tcsuf tE W&m,f rsm;Sd rSd oD;jcm;ar;jref;+yD;rS xduav;. 'kuonftqiftwef;udk oD;oef@ k Q h qH;k jzwfay;&rnf[k vrf;!$exm;onf? xd@k jyif rdbESitwlwuGr[kwaom f hf f touf(15)ESpfatmuf uav;i,frsm;onf 'kuQonftjzpf vufcHtodt rSwfyxdkufaom ta=umif;tcsufrsm;ESifhjynfhpHkaom oltrsm;pkESifhtwl a&mufSdvmygu xdkuav;i,fonfvnf; 'kuQonfjzpfxdkufonf[k qdk xm;onf? rlvae&if;wdkif;jynfodk@ twif;t=uyfjyefvnfydk@aqmifjcif;rS um uG,ay;a&;qdonftcsurvI 'kuonfuav;i,frsm;. tcGita&;onf f k h f S GJ Q hf tjcm;uav;i,frsm;. tcGifhta&;ESifh tajccHtm;jzifh twlwlyifjzpfonf? 'kuQonfuav;rsm;onfvnf; ynmoif=um;cGifh/ usef;rma&; tapmifht aSmufcH,lydkifcGifh/ 'kuQonfpcef;twGif;arG;zGm;aom uav;yifjzpfap arG; pm&if;rSwfyHkwif&SdcGifh/ t=urf;zufr_ESifh pdwfydkif;qdkif&m xdcdkufcHpm;cJh&aom uav;rsm;twGuf jyefvnfemvefx tpDtpOfrsm; cHpm;cGifhwdk@tygt0if tjcm;uav;oli,fqi&m tcGita&;rsm;udvnf; cHpm;cGionf? tu,f kd f hf k hf dS I 'kuonfuav;wa,mufonf rdbrsm;ESihf wuJwjym;jzpfaeygu xdrb Q G kd rsm;ta=umif; owif;rsm;udoci/hf xdrbrsm;ESihf qufo,ciEihf jyefvnf k d dS G k d G f G hf S qHkawG@cGifhrsm;&Sdatmif ulnDaqmifGufay;&rnf?
83
CRC.pmd 83 3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
tyd'f (23) k
roefrpGr;f aomuav;rsm;
(1) pmcsKyftzJG@0ifEdkifiHrsm;onf pdwfydkif;qdkif&mESifh kyfykdif;qdkif&m roefrpGr;f jzpfaeaomuav;rsm;taejzifh olw@kd .*k%oumSa&;/ uk,tm; f d Q d d hf ud,u;kd vdpwf wd;k wufa&;ESihf ywf0ef;usitwGi;f wufuGpmyg0ifvmapa&; k f kd f G wdk@udk (2) tmrcHaomtajctaersK;d Sonfh oifwihavsmufywf+yD; jynfpkH d h f h aomb0rsKd; cHpm;oifha=umif; todtrSwfy&rnf? (3) pmcsKyftzJ@G 0ifEiirsm;onf roefrpGr;f uav;rsm;. txl;apmifh kd f H aSmufc,yiciukd todtrSwf y&rnftjyif &SEiaomt&if;tjrpfrsm;t& H l kd f G hf h d kd f xdkodk@cH,lydkifcGifh Sdaomuav;rsm;ESifh xdktxl;apmifhaSmufr_twGuf wm0ef Sorsm;udk tm;ay;jcif;jzifh uav;.tqiftwef;/ uav;rdbrsm; od@k r[kwf d l h xdkuav;tm; apmifhaSmufaeaomolrsm;. tajctaersm;ESifhudkufnD+yD; oifhwifhavsmufywfaom ulnDaqmifGufay;r_rsm; tjrifhrm;qHk;&Sdatmif 84
CRC.pmd
84
3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
vkyfaqmifay;&rnf? (4) roefrpGr;f uav;rsm;. txl;vdtyfcsuukd todtrSwf yonfh k f tm;avsmfpGm txufygtydk'fcJG(2)wGif azmfjyxm;aom tultnDrsm;ay; &mwGif rdbrsm;ESihf tjcm;apmifaSmufay;olrsm;. bma&;tajctae udk h xnfoi;f pOf;pm;I jzpfEiygu xdtultnDrsm;onf tcrJjh zpfap&rnf? xd@k h G kd f k jyif xdtultnDrsm;onf roefrpGr;f uav;rsm;twGuf vlra&;aygi;f pnf;r_ k _ ESihf xduav;.,Ofaus;r_Eihf pm&dwyi;f qki&m zH@G zd;wd;k wufrrsm;tyg t0if k S W kd d f _ wOD;csi;f zH@G zd;wd;k wufrukd tpGr;f ukeEihf tjzpfEiq;kH &Sd atmifjrifapEdiaom _ f S kd f kf ynma&;rsm;/ oifwef;rsm;/ use;f rma&;apmifaSmufr_ tpDtpOfrsm;/ jyefvnf h emvHxa&; tpDtpOfrsm;/ tvkyvyEi&eftwGuf jyifqifay;r_rsm;ESihf tyef; f k f kd f ajztem;,l&ef tcGitvrf;rsm;udk tusK;d tSq;kH &,lcpm;Ediap&eftwGuf hf d H kf jyifqifaqmifGufay;&rnf? (5) pmcsKyftzJ@G 0ifEiirsm;onf Ediiwumyl;aygi;f aqmifur_ pdwf kd f H kfH G f "mwfEitnD pmcsKyftzJ@G 0ifEiirsm;. vkyaqmifEirpr;f &nfrsm;/ u|r;f usif S hf kd f H f kd f _ G r_rsm; wdk;wufapa&;twGuf roefrpGrf;uav;rsm;ESifhywfoufaom um kf uG,jf cif;qdi&m use;f rma&;apmifaSmufrrsm;ESihf jyefvnfemvHxa&;qdi&m kf h _ tpDtpOfrsm;ta=umif;/ oufarG;0rf;ausmif; tpDtpOfrsm;ta=umif;wdk@ESifh oufqdkifonfhaq;ynmqdkif&m/ pdwfydkif;qdkif&mESifh vkyfaqmifEdkifr_ pGrf;&nf qdkif&mukxHk; ta=umif;t&mrsm;udk oifhavsmfovdk owif;zvS,fjcif;rsm; wdk;wufatmif vkyfaqmifay;&rnf? roefrpGrf;aomuav;rsm;wGif txl;tcGifhta&;rsm;Sdonf[k T tyd'wif azmfjyxm;onf? roefrpGr;f r_qonfrm omrefuav;rsm; aexdif kf G kd S k onfb0twdi;f raeEdiatmif cE<mud,Eipwyi;f wd@k tm; jyif;jyif;xefxef h k kf k f S hf d f kd ESihf xm0&xdcuaponfjh y\em[k t"dym,fziavhonf? wcsKd uav;rsm; kd f ` G hf dS onf arG;&myg roefrpGr;f olrsm;jzpfavh&+dS yD; tcsKd rSm rawmfwqxdcurEihf kd f _ S a&m*gwdk@a=umifh arG;zGm;+yD;rS roefrpGrf;jzpfoGm;olrsm;vnf;Sdonf? uav; oli,frsm; roefrpGrf;jzpfapaom tjcm;tcsufrSm ppfyJGtwGif; '%f&m&Sd 85
CRC.pmd 85 3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
jcif;/ rdi;f eif;rdjcif;a=umifh ud,t*F gtpdwtydi;f rsm; csKd wJom;aomtjzpfyif k k f f k h G jzpfonf? aemufxyfwcsurm ydv,a&m*g umuG,aq; rxd;k onftwGuf f S k D kd f h roefrpGrf;jzpfjcif;jzpfonf? vHkavmufaomt[m&r&bJ csKd wJhr_a=umifh uav;rsm;roefrpGrf; jzpf&jcif;rsKd;vnf; Sdygonf? txl;ojzifh tdkiftdk'if;"mwfESifh ADwmrif"mwf rsm;csKd wJra=umifh urBmay:Sd uav;i,foe;f aygi;f rsm;pGmonf ESppOfEpwi;f h _ d f S f kd rsufrjriftjzpfodk@ a&mufSdaevsufSdonf? ,cktydk'f(23)wGif t"duazmfjyxm;aomtcsufrSm roefrpGrf; uav;i,frsm;onfvnf; olw@kd .*k%oumudk rxdcuaponfh oifwihf f d Q kd f h avsmufywf+yD;jynfhpHkaomb0 udk &SdcHpm;cGifhSdonfqdkaom tcsufyifjzpf onf? xd@k tjyif roefrpGr;f uav;rsm;taejzifh ud,uu,f tm;ud;k &yfwnf k hf kd kd vmEdkif&efESifh vlr_ywf0ef;usif. v_yfSm;r_rsm;wGif wufuGpGmyg0ifvmap&ef twGuf vdktyfaom tcGifhta&;rsm;&Sdap&ef vkyfaqmifay;&rnf[kvnf; qdkxm;ygonf? olwdk@udk,fwdkif vkyfaqmifvmatmif avhusifhoif=um;Edkif onfh vkyfief;rsm;wGif tjcm;olrsm;tay:wGifom rDScdktm;xm;ae&r_rsm;/ roefrpGrf;onfhtcsufa=umifh tcsKdaomynm&yfrsm;udk avhvmoif,lcGifh ryr_rsm; rusifhoHk;oifhay? Ttydk'fwGif roefrpGrf;uav;i,frsm;onf txl;umuG,fapmifh aSmufrrsm;vdtyfonf[k azmfjyxm;+yD; xd@k twGua=umifh tpd;k &onf xdu _ k f k av;rsm;ESifh rdbrsm;tm; vdktyfaomtultnDrsm;jzpfonfh aq;0g;t axmuftyhHrsm;/ jyefvnfemvefx a&; tpDtpOfrsm;ESifh txl;ynm oif=um;a&;tultnDrsm;/ tvkyf oifwef;rsm;/ tm;upm;/ ,Ofaus; r_ tpDtpOfrsm;ESihf tjcm;tyef;ajz r_rsm;wGif yg0ifEdkifaprnfh tcGifht vrf;rsm;udk axmufyay;&ef wm0ef Hh 86
CRC.pmd
86
3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
Sda=umif; twdtusazmfjyxm;onf? jzpfEdkifygu xdkodk@axmufyHhay;aom txl;tultnDrsm;onf tcrJhjzpf&rnf[k Ttydk'fuqdkxm;onf? pmcsKyfudk vufrSwfa&;xkd;xm;onfh tzJG@0ifEdkifiHrsm;t=um; xdkodk@ uav;rsm; roefrpGr;f jzpfapr_ukd umuG,ay;Edionfh owif;tcsutvuf f kf f rsm;ta=umif;/ jyefvnfemvHxa&; tpDtpOfrsm;ta=umif;ESifh txl;ynm oif=um;a&; enf;ynmrsm;ta=umif;udk wEdkifiHESifhwEdkifiHt=um; tjyeft vSefzvS,fr_rsm; vkyfaqmifoifha=umif; ,cktydk'fu wdkufwGef;xm;onf? od@k rom roefrpGr;f jzpfaeaom uav;i,frsm;twGuf taumif;qH;k ESihf t S jzpfEdkifqHk;aom ulnDaxmufyhHay;r_rsm; axmufyhHay;Edkifvdrfhrnfjzpfonf?
87
CRC.pmd 87 3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
tyk'f (24) d
usef;rma&;apmifaSmufrKS cHpm;ydicihf h kfG
(1) pmcsKyftzJG@0ifEdkifiHrsm;onf uav;rsm;. usef;rma&;tqifht wef;rsm;udk tjrifrm;qH;k &Scpm;cGitm; todtrSwf y&rnfjzpf+yD; ruse;f rm h dH hf zsm;emr_rsm;udk ukoay;jcif;ESihf jyefvnfemvHx xlaxmifvmapa&;twGuf axmufyhHay;jcif;rsm; vkyfaqmifay;&rnf? pmcsKyftzJG@0ifEdkifiHrsm;onf rnf onfuav;wa,mufrS xduse;f rma&;apmifaSmufrrsm;udk rcHpm;&jcif; rSd h k h _ &apatmif txl;tmrcHay;&rnf? (2) pmcsKyftzJG@0ifEdkifiHrsm;onf xdktcGifhta&;rsm;udk tpGrf;ukef/ tjynfht0 taumiftxnfazmfay;Edkifap&eftwGuf txl;ojzifh (u) arG;uif;p&ifaoG;aoqHk;r_ESifh uav;i,frsm;. aoqHk;r_rsm; udk avsmhenf;ap&ef? (c) tajccHusef;rma&;apmifhaSmufr_rsm; wdk;wufapa&;udktxl; tav;xm;I uav;wdkif;twGufvdktyfaom usef;rma&;ulnDr_ 88
CRC.pmd
88
3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
ESifh apmifhaSmufr_rsm; axmufyhHay;jcif;rsm;ukd tmrcH&ef? (*) vufSdSdaeaom twwfynmudk toHk;csjcif;ESifh obm0ywf 0ef;usif npfnrf;r_.tE &m,fEihf tem*wfwijf zpfvmEdirnfh +cdr;f W S G kf k h G k ajcmufrrsm;udvnf; xnfoi;f pOf;pm;+yD; vHavmufaom t[m& _ tpm;tpmrsm;/ oef@Sif;vHkavmufaom aomufoHk; a&rsm; yhHydk; ay;jcif;wdk@rSwqifh tajccHusef;rma&;apmifhaSmufr_ESifh tuH;0if aom a&m*grsm;ESifh t[m&csKdwJhr_wdkudk wdkufzsuf&ef? (C) rdcifrsm;twGuf uav;rarG;zGm;rSEihf arG;zGm;+yD;tcseumvwd@k D S d f wGif oifavsmaom use;f rma&;apmifaSmufrrsm; &Sapa&;twGuf h f h _ d tmrcHay;&ef? (i) vlr_todkif;t0dkif;. tpdwftydkif;tm;vHk;udk txl;ojzifh rdb rsm;ESihf uav;rsm;tm; uav;use;f rma&;ESihf t[m&zH@G zd;a&;/ Ed@k csKd wduau|;jcif;. tusK;d aus;Zl;rsm;/ wud,a&oef@i;f r_/ ywf0ef;usif k f k f S oef@i;f r_rsm;ta=umif;ESihf rawmfwq xdcu'%f&m&Srrsm; wm; S kd f d _ qD;r_rsm;ESiywfoufaom tajccHA[kowrsm;udk ay;Edionfh ynm hf k kf a&;rsm;&Sdap&eftwGuf tmrcHay;&ef? (p) usef;rma&;twGuf udwifumuG,fr_rsm;/ rdom;pkpDrHudef;rsm; ESifhaxmuf yHhay;r_rsm;twGuf rdbrsm;tm;vrf;!$efay;r_rsm; wdk; wufvmap&ef tpSonfw@kd ukd oifavsmovdk vkyaqmifay;&rnf? d h f f uav;wdkif;onf tjzpfEdkifqHk;ESifh taumif;qHk;aom usef;rma&; apmifhaSmufr_ESifh aq;ukor_cH,lydkifcGifhSdonf? xdkodk@aom usef;rma&;apmifh aSmufrcyici&Sap&ef tpd;k &. vkyaqmifay;&rnftcsursm;udk Ttyd'f _ H kd f G hf d f h f k (24)wGif Sif;vif;pGm azmfjyxm;onfudk awG@Edkifonf? yxrOD;qH;k tpd;k &taejzifh vkyaqmifay;&rnf[k azmfjyxm;aom f tcsurm arG;uif;p&ifaoG;aoqH;k r_ (Infant mortality) ESihf uav;i,frsm;. fS aoqH;k r_(Child mortality) wd@k avsmyg;atmif vkyaqmifay;&efjzpfonf? arG; h f uif;p &ifaoG;aoqH;k r_qonfrm arG;zGm;vm+yD;aemuf toufwESprjynfcif dk S f h 89
CRC.pmd 89 3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
uav;i,frsm; aoqH;k r_ukd qdvjkd cif;jzpfonf? uav;i,frsm;. aoqH;k r_qkd k onfrm toufig;ESprjynfaom uav;i,frsm; aoqH;k r_uqvonf? xdu S f h kd kd kd k av;touftG,fESpfrsKd;udk t"duxm;azmfjy&jcif;rSm xdktouftG,ft wGif;Sdaom uav;rsm;onf txl;Eke,fvSaom tG,frsm;jzpfonfhtjyif if;wdk@aoqHk;&aom a&m*grsm;rSmvnf; tvG,fwul umuG,fwm;qD;Edkif aom a&m*grsm; jzpfaeaoma=umifhjzpfonf? tpdk;&u vkyfaqmifay;oifhonf[k azmfjyxm;aom aemufxyf tcsurm uav;i,fwi;f aq;0g;apmifaSmufr_ cH,yicijhf zpfonf? Ttyd'f fS kd h l kd f G k (24)wGif azmfjyxm;onfh aq;0g;apmifhaSmufr_ cH,lydkifcGifhqdkonfrSm tajc cHusef;rma&; apmifhaSmufcGifhudk qdkvdkjcif;jzpfonf? xdktajccH usef;rma&; apmifhaSmufr_wGif usef;rma&;ppfaq;r_rsm;/ umuG,faq;xdk;ay;r_rsm;ESifh uav;i,frsm;t=um;wGif tjzpfrsm;onfh a&m*grsm;twGuf aq;0g;rsm; ay;jcif; ponfwdk@udkqdkvdkonf? wcgw&HwGif tpdk;&taejzifh jynfolrsm;t =um;wGif tjzpfrsm;aoma&m*grsm;udk ukoay;Edkifrnfh usef;rma&;apmifh aSmufr_rsm;tm; ydkrdkaumif;rGefatmif vkyfaqmifay;oifhovm;/ odk@r[kwf acwfrDwdk;wuf+yD; aiGa=u;tukeftusrsm;aom enf;ynmrsm;ESifh uko&ef cufcaom a&m*grsm;uko&ef aemufq;kH ay: enf;ynmaq;enf;rsm;udk 0,f J ,l&rvm; ponfhtcsufESpfcsuft=um;wGif qHk;jzwfcsufcs&cufonfh tajc taersKd;vnf; Sdwwfonf? tydk'f(24)t& xdkodk@aG;cs,fp&mjzpfvmygu wdkif;jynftwGif;Sd vltenf;i,ftwGuf vdktyfaom acwfrDaq;0g; enf;y nmrsm;xuf vltrsm;twGuf tajccHusaom use;f rma&;apmifaSmufrukd h _ vHkvHkavmufavmuf yhHydk;ay;r_tm; OD;pm;ay;&rnf[k qdkxm;onf? xdk@jyif t[m&csKdwJhr_ESifh a&m*gxlajymr_rsm;udk wdkufzsufEdkif&ef twGuf t[m&jynf0aomtpm;tpmESihf oef@i;f aomaomufo;kH a&rsm;udk h S vlwdkif;&Sdap&ef tpdk;&u tmrcHjznfhqnf;ay;&rnf[k Ttydk'fu qdkxm; ygonf? xdkodk@oef@Sif;aoma&/ avESifht[m&jynfh0aom tpm;tpmrsm; &Sdap&eftwGuf obm0ywf0ef;usifnpfnrf;r_udk tav;xm;aqmifGuf& 90
CRC.pmd
90
3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
rnfjzpfa=umif;vnf; azmfjyxm;onf? urBmay:wGif uav;i,frsm;tm; trsm;qH;k aoqH;k aponfh a&m*gEprsK;d rSm 0rf;a&m*gEihf toufvrf;a=umif; S f S qdi&m a&m*grsm;jzpfojzifh xda&m*grsm; ul;pufjyef@ym;apEdirnfh tpm;tpm/ kf k G kf kd f a&ESiavwd@k oef@i;f ap&eftwGuf tpd;k &uaeI txl;*kpuf vkyaqmifay; hf S &ef vdtyfonf? k tpdk;&u vkyfaqmif&efazmfjyxm;aom pwkwWtcsufrSm uav; rarG;zGm;rSEihf arG;zGm;+yD;tcseumvwd@k wif rdcifrsm;taejzifh aumif;rGeaom D S d f G f use;f rma&;apmifaSmufrrsm; &Sap&eftwGuf tpd;k &uaeI tmrcHay;&rnf h _ d [laom tcsuyifjzpfonf? ud,0efaqmifaepOftwGi;f ud,0efaqmifrcif f k f k f d tm; oifwifaumif;rGeaom use;f rma&;apmifaSmufay;jcif;jzifh arG;zGm;vm h h f h rnf&ifaoG;. use;f rma&;udvnf; aumif;rGeapEdionf? rarG;zGm;rSD use;f rm h k f kf a&;apmifhaSmufr_qdkonfrSm usef;rma&; rSefrSefppfaq;r_rSpI arG;zGm;&cufcJ Edkifonfh jy\emrsm;udk prf;oyfppfaq;ukoay;jcif;/ ar;cdkifumuG,faq; xdk;ay;jcif;/ tyef;ajztem;,lapjcif;ESifh t[m&jynfh0apjcif;wdk@ yg0ifonf? arG;zGm;+yD;aomumvwGif rdcifjzpfoltm; vdktyfaomusef;rma&; apmifh aSmufr_rsm; axmufyHhay;jcif;rSmvnf; ta&;}uD;aom vkyfaqmifr_wckyif jzpfonf? od@k rom rdciftaejzifh arG;zGm;vmonfh uav;i,ftm; aumif;rGef S pGm apmifhaSmufEdkifayrnf? tpd;k &taejzifh aemufxyfwm0efao;aom tcsuwckrm uav; dS f S i,frsm;ESifhrdcifrsm;tm; usef;rma&;ynmay;jcif;yifjzpfonf? usef;rma&;y nmay;&mwGif t[m&jynfh0a&;ta=umif;/ wudk,fa& oef@Sif;r_ta=umif; ESifh rawmfwqxdcdkufr_rsm;ta=umif;ESihf ywfoufonfh owif;tcsuft vufrsm; yg0ifoifhonf? rdbrsm;udk rdcifEdk@wdkufjcif;ta=umif;ESifh rdom;pk pDrHudef;rsm;ta=umif; odaumif;p&m owif;rsm;ta=umif; today;&rnf? uav;wOD;ESiwOD;arG;zGm;csef eD;uyfve;f ygu rdcif.use;f rma&;udk xdcuap hf d G kd f Edkifonf? rdcifusef;rma&; xdcdkufvmygu &ifaoG;jzpfol. usef;rma&;udkyg xdcdkufaponfqdkaom usef;rma&;todynmay;r_rsKd; rdom;pktwGif; odSd 91
CRC.pmd 91 3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
atmifvkyfaqmifay;&rnf? yxruav;ESifh wESpfcJGcef@jcm;+yD; arG;zGm;vm aom aemufxyfuav;i,fonf ESpEp/f oH;k ESpcef@jcm;+yD;rS arG;zGm;vmaom f S f uav;xuf aoqH;k E_e;f ESpqydrsm;onfqaom owif;tcsursm;udk trsm; f k kd f odap&rnf? Ttydk'fwGif uav;jzpfol.usef;rma&;udk tE W&m,fjzpfaprnfh aS;d;k pOfvm aq;rD;wdux;kH rsm; yaysmufap&eftwGuf tpd;k &taejzifh ud; k k yrf;aqmifGufay;&ef azmfjyxm;onf? xdktcsufudk xnfhoGif;&jcif;.&nfG,fcsufrSm uav;i,f. udk,f cE<mtpdwtydi;f wckcukd bmoma&;ta=umif;a=umif;a=umifjh zpfap/ tjcm; f k k aom &nfG,fcsufjzifhjzpfap jzwfawmufaom"avhrsm; yaysmufoGm;ap&ef jzpfonf? od@k wiatmif tcsKd Ediirsm;wGif tysKazmf/ vlysKazmf0ifonfh txdr;f kd f kfH d d trSwftcrf;tem;rsm;Y ukd,fcE<mtpdwftydkif;tm; jzwfawmufaom"avh rsm;udk ,ae@xdwdkif usifhoHk;aeqJjzpfonf?
92
CRC.pmd 92 3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
tyk'f (25) d
uav;apmifaSmufxm;onfXmersm;tm; tcsderereppfaq;jcif; h h fSfSf
pGr;f aqmifEionfh tm%mydirsm;u kyyi;f qdi&mESihf pdwyi;f qdi&m kd f kf f kd k f f kd k f use;f rma&;uko&ef/ umuG,ay;&efEihf apmifaSmufay;&ef &nf,csursm; f S h G f f jzifh ae&mwckwif apmifaSmuf&eftwGuq;kH jzwfI tyfExm;aom uav; G h f HS rsm;wGif if;wd@k tay: qufquoaer_rsm;ESihf if;a&mufaeaom ae&mESihf H k dS oufqionfh tjcm;tajctaersm;tay: tcseumvtydi;f tjcm;tvduf kd f d f k k ppfaq;cHydkifcGifhSdonfudk pmcsKyftzJG@0ifEdkifiHrsm;u todtrSwfy&rnf? Ttyd'wiyg0ifaom tcsursm;rSm rdbrJa*[m/ vli,foifwef; k f Gf f h ausmif;uJhodk@aom uav;rsm;tm; apmifhaSmufxm;onfh ae&mXmersm;Y a&mufSdcdkv_Hae&aom uav;rsm;. tcGifhta&;rsm;jzpfonf? uav;rsm; tm; xdae&mXmersm;wGif yd@k aqmif&aom ta=umif;tcsursK;d pHk Swwfonf? k f d wcsKd uav;rsm;rSm rdbrsm;u*krpduf vspvsL_aoma=umifh od@k r[kwf ESyf k f d 93
CRC.pmd 93 3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
pufaeaoma=umifh aetdrfrSaeI xdka*[mrsm;odk@ ydk@aqmifxm;&aom u av;rsm;jzpfonf? wcsKd rSm uav;jzpfoonf kyyi;f pdwyi;f roefrpGr;f jzpf l f kd f kd aeI rdom;pku rapmifhaSmufEdkifbJ a*[mwGif vma&muftyfESHxm;aom uav;rsm;vnf;Sdonf? wcsKduav;rSmrl rl;,pfaq;0g;pJGaeaoma=umifh rl;,pfaq;0g;jzwfawmuf&eftwGuf xdae&mod@k a&mufaeaom uav;rsK;d k dS vnf;Sdonf? wcsKdrSm rdbrsm;u pGef@ypfxm;aoma=umifh apmifhaSmufol rJjh zpfaeI a&mufvmjcif;rsK;d vnf;Sonf? kyyi;f ESihf pdwyi;f csKd ,Gi;f r_a=umifh d f kd f kd ESihf aq;0g;apmifaSmufrc,&ef vdtyfaoma=umifh a&mufvmaomuav; h _H l k rsm;udk trsm;tm;jzifh aq;HkESifh tjcm;txl;Xmersm;wGif apmifhaSmufxm; avhSdonf? umuG,fapmifhaSmuf&ef vdktyfaomuav;rsm;ESifh rdbrsm;u ypkapmifaSmuf&ef rwwfomojzifh a&mufvmaomuav;rsm;udk uav; h dS a*[mrsm;wGif xm;SdavhSdonf? tydk'f(25)wGifyg0ifaom uav;apmifh aSmufxm;onfhXmersm;wGif a&mufSdcdkv_Haeaom uav;rsm;. tcGifht a&;onf xdae&mESprsK;d pvH;k wGif a&mufaeaom uav;rsm;twGujf zpfonf? k f xdkodk@ae&mrsm;wGif a&mufSdaeaom uav;rsm;tm; rnfuJhodk@qufqHae onfqaomtcsuukd ppfaq;r_rsm; yvkyay;&rnftjyif xduav;i,ftm; kd f f h k xm;Sdonfhae&mESifh ywfoufonfh tcsuftvufrsm;tm;vHk;udkvnf; ppf aq;ay;&rnf[k Ttydk'fu qdkxm;onf? xdkodk@qdkxm;aomfvnf; tcsdefrnfr#=um=umwGif rSefrSefppfaq;& rvJ/ rnfolawGu wm0ef,lppfaq;&rvJ/ rnfonfhtcsuftvufrsm;udk pHkprf;ppfaq;&rvJqdkaom ar;cGef;rsm;twGuf EdkifiHwumESifhudkufnDrnfh t ajzrSao;yg? od@k aomf t"dutcsurm uav;rsm;udk uav;a*[mrsm;ESihf d f S oifwef;ausmif;rsm;wGif tyfESHxm;vdkufHkjzifh rjynfhpHkao;yg? xdktyfESHxm; aom uav;rsm;.tajctaeESihf olw@kd .tcGita&;rsm;tay: xdae&mrsm;Sd hf k wm0efSdolrsm;u trSefwu,f av;pm;r_SdrSd/ uav;.*k%foduQmtwkdif; qufqHr_SdrSdwdk@udk tcsdefrSefrSefavhvmpHkprf;r_rsm; yvkyf&rnfqdkaom t csufjzpfonf? 94
CRC.pmd
94
3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
aq;zufqi&mukor_Eihf pdwyi;f qdi&mtultnDrsm; vdtyfaom kd f S f kd k f k a=umifh xdkae&mrsm;odk@ ydk@aqmifxm;aomuav;rsm;ESifh ywfoufI pHkprf; &rnfhtcsufrsm;rSm xdkuav;rsm;tay: ukoay;aeaom ukor_yHkpHonf f k k uav;rsm; trSewu,fvtyfaomukoyHk [kwr[kw/f xdo@kd uor_a=umifh f kd wd;k wufaumif;rGevmjcif; SrSqaomtcsursm; jzpfayvdrrnf? apmfum; f d d kd f hf cHxm;&aomuav;rsm;tm; apmifhaSmufxm;aom a*[mrsm;udk ppfaq; &mwGif xduav;rsm;cHpm;cJ&aom kyyi;f ESipwyi;f qdi&m emusicpm;cJ&r_ k h f kd hf d f kd k f fH h rsm;tm; ajzazsmufEdkifonfh tultnDrsm;jzpfrjzpf pHkprf;&efvdktyfonf? r oefrpGr;f jzpfaom uav;rsm;a*[mwGif pHprf;ppfaq;rnfqygu uav;rsm; k kd tm; qufqHyHkonf tydk'f(23)wGifqdkxm;onhf uav;rsm;udk,fhtm;udk,f udk;I ywf0ef;usifwGif wufuGpGm yg0ifapEdkifatmif vkyfaqmifay;Edkifonfh qufqHenf;rsm; [kwfr[kwfudk t"duxm;ppfaq; pHkprf;&rnfjzpfonf? xdo@kd qufqykH qufqenf;rsm;omru xda*[mrsm;wGiaom ae k H H k f dS xdkifr_ tajctaersm;udkvnf; ppfaq;&efvdktyfonf? xdkuav;rsm;tm; au|;aomtpm;tpmrsm;onf t[m&jynfhrjynfh/ t0wftpm;rsm;onf oef@Sif;r_SdrSd/ &moDOwkESifhudkufnDr_SdrSd/ oif=um;aeaomynma&;rsm; aumif;raumif;/ uav;rsm;. pdwyi;f ESivra&;qdi&m vdtyfcsursm; jznfh f kd hf l _ kf k f qnf;ay;Edkifjcif;SdrSd/ uav;rsm;tyef;ajzupm;cGifhSdrSd/ uav;rsm;tay: t=urf;zufrrS umuG,ay;jcif;SrSd qkonftcsursm;tjyif uav;rsm;t _ f d d h f ay: vdifydkif;qdkif&mtygt0if tjcm;aomtjrwfxkwfr_rsm; Sdaeovm; qdk aomtcsufrsm;udk ppfaq;&efvdktyfonf? aemufxyfppfaq;&ef vktyfaomtcsurm xduav;tm; xdae&m d fS k k wGif qufvufxm;Sd&ef vdkrvdk[laom tcsufyifjzpfonf? xdktcsufrSm tjcm;tcsufrsm;ESifh wef;wlta&;}uD;vSonf? TpmcsKyfygtydk'f(9)wGif u av;rsm;tm; rvdktyfbJ rdbrsm;ESifhwoD;wjcm; cJGxm;jcif;ry&[k qdkxm; onf? tu,fI uav;jzpfoukd vdtyfaomta=umif;tcsuf tajctae l k t& rdbrsm;ESiwoD;wjcm;pD cJxm;&aomjy\em aemufxyfqufvufrSd hf G 95
CRC.pmd 95 3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
awmhygu xdkuav;tm; rdb&if;xH jyefvnfv$Jajymif;ay;&awmhrnf jzpf onf? tydk'f(25)wGif xdkae&mrsKd;odk@ a&mufSdvmaom uav;rsm;tm; oGefoifqHk;r&mwGif olwdk@.todkif;t0dkif;twGif; tqifajyajyjzifh jyefvnf aexdiEi&ef &nf,I oGeoifay;&rnf[k vrf;!$exm;onf? xd@k twGuf k f kd f G f f f a=umifh xdkXmersm;wGif usifhoHk;aomuav;rsm;tm; qufqHyHkqufqHenf; rsm;onf xdk&nfG,fcsufrsm;twdkif; [kwfr[kwf pHkprf;ppfaq;avhvm&ef vdktyfjcif;jzpfonf?
96
CRC.pmd 96 3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
tyd'f (26) k
vlrKS zlvaMu; (Social Security) kH
(1) pmcsKyftzJ@G 0ifEiirsm;onf uav;wdi;f wGif vlrtmrcHa=u;rsm; kd f H k _ tygt0if vlr_zlvHka=u;rsm;. tusKd;rsm;cHpm;cGifhSdonfudk todtrSwfy& rnf? xdk@jyif xdktcGifhta&;tm; tjynfht0em;vnfoabmaygufap&eft wGuf vdtyfaomvkyaqmifrrsm;udk EdiiawmfOya'rsm;ESitnD vkyaqmif k f _ kfH hf f ay;&rnf? (2) xdktusKd;rsm;udk cHpm;cGifhy&mwGif uav;ESifhuav;tm; xdef; odr;f apmifaSmuf&ef wm0efaomolrsm;.uG,0r_Eihf tajctaersm;tjyif h dS f S uav;.udk,fpm; ay;tyfr_ESifhoufqdkifaom tjcm;xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;p&m tcsufrsm;ukdvnf; oifhavsmfygu xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;oifhonf? vlr_zlvHka=u;qdkonfrSm rawmfwqxdcdkufr_rsm;ESifh obm0ab; '%frsm;a=umifh 'kuQa&mufolrsm;udk tultnDay;Edkif&ef tmrcHxm;aom pepfuac:onf? tvkyvyowi;f taejzifh vlrtmrcHciukd rjzpfraeay;&+yD; kd f k f l kd _ G hf 97
CRC.pmd 97 3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
xdvrtmrcHa=u;udk tvkyvyoEitvkyiu cJa0r#ay;&avhonf? xdk k l _ f k f l S hf f Sf G dS vlrzva=u;onf tcsKd Ediirsm;wGif usio;kH aomtpd;k &rS tvkyrSorsm;udk _ l kH kfH hf f d l apmifaSmufonftaejzifh ulnay;tyfaom tpDtpOfrsm; (Public welfare) h h D rsm;ESifhrwlyg? vlr_zlvHka=u; tpDtpOfrsm;onf tvkyfrSdaom jynfolrsm;/ tcsejf ynfwnf+rJaom tvkyrSaomolrsm;twGuf tpd;k &uaxmufyaom d h f d Hh aiGa=u;jzpfygonf? tcsdefjynfh tvkyfvkyfaomolrsm;onf kwfw&ufjzpfyGm;aom r awmfwq ta=umif;wckca=umifh xdtvkyukd c%wmjzpfap/ xm0&jzpfap k k f qufvuf vkyfudkifEdkifjcif;rSdawmhbJ &yfwhHvdkuf&v#if odk@r[kwf tem;,l vdkuf&v#if xdkol.qHk;_H;r_udk umuG,fay;Edkif&eftwGuf vlr_zlvHka=u; ay: aygufvmcJhjcif;jzpfonf? vlr_zlvHka=u;xnfhoGif;xm;ol tvkyform;w a,mufonf ud,0efaqmifonftcg/ zsm;emonftcg/ rawmfwq xdcuf k f h h kd '%f&m&onfhtcg/ aoqHk;oGm;onfhtcg/ udk,ft*F gcsKd,Gif;xdcdkufoGm;onfh tcg/ touftG,}f uD;jrifom;onftcgEihf tvkyrSawmhonftcgwkd wGif h G h S f d h xdoonf use;f rma&;apmifaSmufc,yiciEihf xdotvkyvypOfu&aom k l h H l kd f G fh S k l f k f 0ifaiGvpm. yrm%tcsKdw0ufudk tenf;qHk; &SdcGifhSdonf? xdkodk@ pDpOf aqmifuay;jcif;. &nf,csurm tvkyvyaeaom rdom;pkwpktaejzifh G f G f fS f kf kwfw&ufjzpfyGm;cJhaom tajctaewckcka=umifh 'kuQwGif;odk@ csufcsif;us a&mufroGm;ap&efjzpfonf? omrefvltodkif;t0dkif;rsm;wGif tvkyfrvkyfEdkifaom olrsm;tay: ulnapmifaSmufonfwm0efukd rdom;pk/ aqGrsK;d / bmoma&;tzJ@G rsm;ESihf a' D h h otwGif;Sd =oZmtm%mSdolrsm;u wm0ef,lavhSdonf? tultnD t axmuftyHh vdtyfaomolw@kd tay: ywf0ef;usiu 0di;f 0ef;axmufyay;onfh k f k Hh xdyprsK;d udk ,ckwif a'otrsm;tjym;wGif usio;kH vsuonf? ,ckaqG;aEG; k kH H kd hf f dS aeonfh vlr_zlvHka=u;qdkonfrSm EdkifiHawmf.Oya'jzifh jyXmef;owfrSwfxm; aom axmufya=u;jzpf+yD; xdaxmufyraiGa=u;. yrm%wcsKd w0ufukd EdiiH Hh k Hh _ kf awmftpd;k &u pduxwun&jcif;jzpfonf? xdjk yXmef;xm;aomOya'u xdk k f k f l D 98
CRC.pmd
98
3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
vlrzva=u; tpDtpOfwif rnfonftvkyuvyuiaom tvkyorm;0ef _ l kH G h f kd k f kd f f xrf;rsm;om yg0ifEia=umif;ESihf xdzva=u;cHpm;cGiwif rnfonftusK;d aus; kd f k l kH hf G h Zl;rsm;yg0ifa=umif; owfrSwfjyXmef;xm;avhSdonf? vlr_zlvHka=u;udk cHpm;&oltawmfrsm;rsm;onf tG,fa&muf+yD; aom vl}uD;rsm;jzpfaomfvnf; xdkcHpm;&aom tusKd;aus;Zl;onf xdkol. rdom;wpkv;kH udyg oufa&mufronf? tu,fI pufwHa'0gvcvu& k _ dS kH k D H kd f ojzifh zcifwa,muf tvkyf ywfom;ygu xdzcif&Scpm;&onfh vlrzva&; G k dH _ l kH cHpm;cGionf xdol aemufxyftvkyopfr&ciftxd xdo. rdom;wpkv;kH t hf k f k l ay: ulnDaxmufyhHay;&ma&mufonf? tvkyfvkyfaeaom rdcifwa,muf vkyfief;cGifwGif rawmfwq '%f&m&SdoGm;I &uftwef=um tvkyfrqif; Ediawmhojzifh xdrciftvkyorm; &Scpm;&onfh vlrzva=u;aiGonf xdrd kf k d f dH _ l kH k om;pktm; pkaqmif;xm;or#tm;vH;k xkwo;kH &aomtjzpfrsK;d ra&mufatmif f ulnDay;Edkifonf? tcsKd aomtajctaersK;d wGif vlrzva=u;cHpm;cGionf uav;rsm; _ l kH hf tay: ydrwuuunaxmufyay;onfukd awG@&onf? Oyrm - rdom;pkwif k kd kd f kd f l D Hh G t"duaiGSmau|;aeaomolwOD; aoqHk;oGm;ygu usefcJhaomrdom;pk0ifrsm; ESifh uav;rsm;onf xdkaoqHk;oGm;ol &SdcJhaomvpm0ifaiGudk uav;rsm; ausmif;wufaeonfumvywfv;kH cHpm;ydicionf? xd@k jyif ud,0efaqmif h k f G hf dS k f rdcifwOD;tm; rD;rzGm;rDSESifhrD;zGm;t+yD; udk,f0efaqmifrD;zGm;cGifh ay;jcif;onf olr arG;zGm;vmonfh &ifaoG;tay: txl;ulnDay;&ma&mufonf? xdkrdcif tem;,lEdkifrSom arG;zGm;vmaom&ifaoG;. usef;rma&;ESifh tjcm;vdktyf onfht&mrsm;udk ypkapmifhaSmufEdkifrnfjzpfojzifh xdkcHpm;cGihfonf uav; tay: txl;axmufyHhay;&ma&mufonf?
99
CRC.pmd 99 3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
tyd'f (27) k
oihwifavsmufywfaom vlaerSKtqiftwef; &Scpm;cGihf f h h dH
(1) uav;.kyfydkif;/ pdwfydkif;/ oDvydkif;/ pm&dwWydkif;ESifh vlr_zGH@zd;wdk; wufr_wdk@twGuf vHkavmufaomtajctaeSdonfh vlaer_tqifhtwef;udk uav;wdi;f cHpm;cGionfukd pmcsKyftzJ@G 0ifEiirsm;u todtrSwf y&rnf? k h f dS kd f H (2) uav;zHG@zd;wdk;wufa&;twGuf vdktyfaomaexdkifr_ tqifht wef;rsm;&Sap&eftwGuf uav;.rdbrsm; od@k r[kwf tjcm;aomwm0efol d dS rsm;onf if;wdk@wGifSdaompGrf;&nfrsm;ESifh bmaiGa=u;tajctaersm;t vdkuf t"duwm0efSdonf? (3) ,cktcGifhta&;rsm;udk EdkifiH.tajctaersm;ESifh owfrSwfxm; csursm;ESitnD uav;jzpfo&Sap&eftwGuf kyyi;f qdi&m taxmuftyhH f hf l d f kd k f rsm;/ ulnrtpDtpOfrsm;/ txl;ojzifh t[m&/ t0wftpm;ESihf aetdrrsm; D _ f ESifhywfoufI rdbrsm;ESifh tjcm;wm0efSdolrsm;tay: ulnDr_rsm;udk pmcsKyf tzJG@0ifEdkifiHrsm;u oifhavsmfovdk vkyfaqmif&rnf? (4) pmcsKyftzJG@0ifEdkifiHrsm;onf EdkifiHwGif;wGifSdaom odk@r[kwf t jcm;EdkifiHwGifSdaom uav;.rdbrsm; odk@r[kwf uav;tm;aiGa=u;t& 100
CRC.pmd
100
3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
axmufy&ef wm0eforsm;.axmufyrrsm; uav;xHa&mufap&eftwGuf Hh dS l Hh _ dS oifhavsmfovdk enf;vrf;rsKd;pHkjzifh aqmifGufay;&rnf? txl;ojzifh uav; tm; aiGa=u;axmufy&ef wm0efoonf uav;SaeaomEdiiwir[kwbJ Hh dS l d kfH Gf f tjcm;Ediiwiaeygu pmcsKyftzJ@G 0ifEiirsm;onf Ediiwum oabmwlnD k f H G f dS kd f H kfH csursm;udk vufrwx;kd jcif;/ xdoabmwlncsursm;udk a&;qJjG cif;ESihf tjcm; f S f k D f oifavsmaom pDpOfaqmifurrsm;udk wk;d wufatmif vkyaqmifay;&rnf? h f G f _ f Ttyd'(27)wGif uav;wdi;f onf if;wd@k .kyyi;f / pdwyi;f / oDv k f k f kd f kd ydi;f / pm&dwyi;f ESihf vlrz@HG zd;wd;k wufrw@kd twGuf vHavmufaom tajctae k W kd _ _ k Sdonfh vlaer_tqifhtwef;udk &SdcHpm;cGifhSdonf[k azmfjyxm;onf? vlaer_tqifhtwef;[kqdkvdkufv#if tcsKd u rdom;pk0ifaiGudkqdkvdk onf[k oabmayguf=uavhSdonf? a,bl,stm;jzifhvnf; 0ifaiGaumif; aumif;Sdaomrdom;pkonf vlaer_tqifhtwef;aumif;aumif;jzifh aexdkif Ediavhonf? 0ifaiGaumif;olrsm;om vlaer_tqiftwef; aumif;aumif; kf dS h cHpm;cGifhSdaev#if qif;&Jaomrdom;pkrsm;onf vlaer_tqifhtwef;cHpm;cGifh rSaom toGirsK;d jzpfaeonf? xd@k a=umifh qif;&Jaom rdom;pkrsm;jzpfapum d f rl xdkrdom;pkrsm;vnf; oifhwifhavsmufywfaom b0twGufvdktyfonfh tajccHvdktyfcsufrsm; cHpm;Edkif&eftwGuf tpdk;&uvkyfaqmifay;&ef vdktyf onf? tpd;k &u xdo@kd tajccHvrtqiftwef;rsm;udk wajy;nDjznfqnf;ay; k l _ h h ygu 0ifaiGaumif;aom rdom;pkrsm;taejzifvnf; rdom;pktwGi;f Sd &ifaoG; h rsm;twGuf xdktajccHvdktyfcsufrsm;ESifhywfouf+yD; pdk;&drfylyefp&m vdkawmh rnfr[kwfacs? aexdkifr_tqifhtwef;qdkonfrSm uav;.kyfydkif;qdkif&m zHG@zd;wdk; wufrEiywfoufaom aetdr/f t0wftxnf/ tpm;tpm/ a&ESihf vHk cHaom _ S hf obm0ywf0ef;usiw@kd ukd qdvonf? ydusqqjJ zpfaeaom/ uGu/f jcif/ ,if f k kd J wdk@jzifh jynfhaeaom/ v#yfppfrD;ud;rsm; ayguf+yJaeaom/ eH&Haq;rsm;uGmae aom/ tE W&m,fSdaomavScg;rsm;ESifh jywif;aygufrsm;Sdaeaom/ roef@Sif; aoma&ykwrsm;/ trduyrsm;ESie;D uyfaeaom/ obm0ywf0ef;usif npfnrf; f _ f kH hf 101
CRC.pmd 101 3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
aeaom aetdrrsK;d onf uav;rsm;twGuf kyyi;f qdi&m zH@G zd;wd;k wufatmif f f kd k f b,fvdkrSzefwD;ay;Edkifrnfr[kwfyg? xdk@jyif obm0ab;tE W&m,frsm;ESifh r =umc%&ifqif uHawG@ae&aom ae&ma'orsK;d onfvnf; uav;rsm;twGuf kd oifwifavsmufywfaom vlaer_tqiftwef;rsK;d jzpfEirnfr[kwyg? t[m h h h kd f f &ESijhf ynfpaom tpm;tpmrsm;/ oef@i;f aom a&aumif;a&oef@/ vHk cHaom h kH S upm;uGif;wdk@rSmvnf; uav;rsm;twGuf kyfydkif;qdkif&m zHG@zd;wdk;wufap&ef vdktyfaom t&mrsm;yifjzpfygonf? pdwyi;f qdi&m zH@G zd;wd;k wufa&;twGuf vdtyfaomtajctae t f kd k f k qiftwef;rsm;rSm uav;rsm;. kyyi;f qdi&m zH@G zd;wd;k wufa&;twGuf vdtyf h f kd k f k aomt&mrsm;ESifh rsm;pGmuGmjcm;jcif;rSdyg? txl;ojzifh t[m&ESifhjynfhpHk aom tpm;tpmrsm;&Sa&;ESihf npfnrf;aom obm0ywf0ef;usirS uif;a0; d f a&;wd@k onf kyyi;f ESipwyi;f zH@G zd;wd;k wufr_ ESprsK;d pvH;k twGuf vdtyfaom f kd hf d f kd f k f kd k f t&mrsm;yifjzpfonf? uav;. pdwyi;f qdi&m zH@G zd;wd;k wufa&;twGuf owd y&rnftcsurm rdcifu,0efaqmifaepOfumvtwGi;f tE &m,fjzpfaprnfh h fS kd f W "mwfa&mifjcnfrsm;/ "mwkypPn;f ESihf rxdawG@rap&ef jzpfonf? pdwyi;f qdi&m d f kd k f zH@G zd;wd;k wufraES;auG;jcif;jzifh arG;zGm;vmaom uav;trsm;pkonf rdcifjzpf _ olu ud,0efaqmifcsetwGi;f roH;k pJoifaom aq;0g;rsm;oH;k pJaoma=umifh k f d f G h G vnf;aumif;/ vkyfief;cGiftwGif "mwkaq;0g;rsm;jzifh tvkyfvkyfudkif&aom a=umifhvnf;aumif; t&ufESifhaq;vdyfudk tvGeftu|H aomufoHk;aom a=umifhvnf;aumif; jzpf&onf[k aq;okawoersm;uqdkonf? xdtcsutjyif uav;.pdwyi;f qdi&m zH@G zd;wd;k wufapa&;twGuf k f f kd k f vdtyfaom tjcm;tcsursm;vnf;Sygao;onf? Oyrm - uav;tm; *k k f d wpdkufjzifh pum;rsm;ajymay;jcif;/ ayG@zufcsDacsmhjrLay;jcif;/ Edk;aepOftcsdeft wGif; twlupm;ay;jcif;wdk@onf uav;tm;pdwfydkif;qdkif&m zHG@zd;wdk;wufr_ tm;aumif;aponf[k avhvmolrsm;uqd=k uonf? xdo@kd *kpucspcifacsmh k kd f f jrLr_rsK;d rcHpm;&aomuav;rsm;onf tjcm;uav;rsm;xuf zH@G zd;wd;k wufr_ aES;auG;onfukd awG@&onf? xd@k jyif touftG,}f uD;vmaomuav;rsm;. 102
CRC.pmd
102
3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
pdwyi;f qdi&m oefpr;f ap&eftwGuf upm;enf;rsm; upm;cGiay;jcif;/ *DwoD f kd k f G hf csif;rsm; em;axmifapjcif;/ pmtkyfrsm;zwf_cGifhSdjcif;ESihf rdbarmifESpfrrsm;u =uifemaEG;axG;pGm tm;ay;jcif;rsm; vdktyfvSonf? k S W h vlrz@GH zd;wd;k wufa&;qdonfrm rdwAv wd;k wufjrifrm;vmapa&;udk _ qdvonf? tjcm;olrsm;ESihf aumif;rGeaomqufqa&; wnfaqmufwwfr_ k kd f H tygt0if taygi;f toif;0ifqef@onfh rdwAvjynf0a&;udk wd;k wufaumif; W h rGeatmif vkyaqmifay;&efvtyfonf? rdru,u,=kH unfraom/ tjcm; f f kd d kd f kd _ dS olrsm;udk ,H=k unfwwfaom/ aygi;f oif;qufqwwfaom/ tcuftcJukd t H rsm;ESifhyl;wJGajzSif;wwfaom/ tjcm;ol.qENudk,lwwfaom/ pkaygif;vkyf aqmifwwfaom/ tjcm;olrsm;udkav;pm;wwfaom/ rdrdwm0efrdrdausyGef aom uav;rsm;jzpfvmap&eftwGuf avhusiysK;d axmifay;&rnf?xdo@kd aom hf k t&nftaoG;rsm; wd;k wufjrifrm;vmapa&;twGuf uav;rsm;onf tjcm; h oufwlG,fwl uav;rsm;tygt0if tjcm;olrsm;ESifh tjyeftvSefqufqH r_&ef vdtyfonf? tjcm;olrsm;ESiywfoufI rnfo@kd qufq&rnf/ tcuf dS k hf H tcJjzpfvmygu rnfuo@kd ajzSi;f &rnf[aom t}uHOm%frsm;udk teD;uyfay; hJ l &ef vdtyfonf? wcsKd uav;pdwynmSirsm;.tqdt& uav;rsm;tm;us k f f k twkcdk;apEdkifrnfh pHjyvlrsm;Sdygu uav;rsm;taejzifh ydkrdkwdk;wufxGef;um; Edionf[k od&onf? uav;rsm;tm; rw&m;apmfum;jcif;/ vspvsL_ypfy,f kf f xm;jcif;ESifh tjcm;aomenf;rsm;jzifh rw&m;qufqHjcif;wdk@udk umuG,fay; &ayrnf? oDvydi;f qdi&mESihf pm&dwyi;f qdi&m zH@G zd;wd;k wufrw@kd onf wckEihf k kf W kd k f _ S wck qufpyfaeonf? pm&dwyi;f qdi&m zH@G zd;wd;k wufrqonfrm trSm;ESit W kd k f _ kd S hf rSeukd cJjG cm;odjrifem;vnfaom todw&m;rsm; wd;k wufjcif;udk qdvjkd cif;jzpf f k onf? oDvydi;f qdi&m zG@H zd;wd;k wufrqonfrm ky0g'r[kwbJ b0.wefz;kd / k kf _ kd S f D f tusiovydi;f qdi&mudk wefz;kd xm;wwfaom todpwz@GH zd;r_ukd qdvonf? hf D k k f d f k kd c&pf,mef/ Ak'<bmomESifh tpPvmrfbmomw&m;rsm;wGif oDvydkif;qdkif&m zH@G zd;wd;k wufrqonfrm bk&m;ociftm; ouf0if,=kH unfrEihf bmomw&m; _ kd S _S 103
CRC.pmd 103 3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
udkif;_dif;r_wdk@udk qdkvdkonf? [dENLbmomESifh tjcm;aomrddk;zvmudk;uG,f onfh bmomw&m;wd@k wif oDvydi;f qdi&m zH@G zd;wd;k wufrqonfrm ewfbk G k kf _ kd S &m;rsm;,Hk=unfr_ESifh xdkbk&m;rsm;tay: wm0efausyGefr_jzpfonf? bma=umifh uav;rsm;. pm&dwEiovydi;f qdi&m zH@G zd;wd;k wuf&ef W S hf D k k f vdk tyfygovJ[k ar;cGe;f xkwaumif;xkwEiygonf? xdar;cGe;f udk ajzaomt f f kd f k ajzonf bma=umifuav;rsm;. kyyi;f / pdwyi;f ESihf vlrz@GH zd;wd;k wufrrsm; h f kd f kd _ _ vdktyfygovJ [laomar;cGef;udk ajzqdkonfhtajzavmuf Sif;Sif;vif;vif; SdcsifrSSdayvdrfhrnf? odk@aomf uav;rsm;tm; trSm;ESifhtrSef a0zefydkif;jcm; wwfap&eftwGuf oif=um;ay;&ef vdtyfonfqaomtcsuukd rnfourS k kd f l apm'uwuf=urnfr[kwyg? xd@k jyif atmifjrifr/_ ausm=f um;r_w@kd uom wyf f kd ruf+yD; oDvrJhaeaomtjzpfrsKd; ra&mufap&eftwGuf uav;rsm;udk qHk;r& rnfqonfukd vlwi;f vufcxm;=uygonf? xd@k twGua=umifh pm&dwyi;f ESihf kd kd H f W kd oDvydi;f qdi&m zH@G zd;wd;k wufatmif vkyaqmifay;&jcif;jzpfygonf? bmom k kf f w&m;udk ,H=k unfaomrdbrsm;u olw@kd .ouf0if,=kH unfronftwdi;f u _ dS h k av;rsm;,Hk=unfwwfvmatmif/ bmoma&;tpOftvmrsm;wGif yg0ifwwf vmatmif qH;k ryJjh yifwwf=uonf? bmomw&m; tqH;k trrsm;ESihf rnD!wf G onft&mrsm;tay: twkc;kd I uav;rsm;vrf;rrSm;oGm;&atmif oGeoifq;kH h f rr_rsm;udk vkyfaqmifay;jcif;onf uav;rsm;. pm&dwWESifhoDvydkif;qdkif&m zHG@zd;wdk;wufatmif vkyfaqmifay;jcif;yifjzpfonf? Ttydk'f(27)wGif uav;rsm;zHG@zd;wdk;wufap&eftwGuf vdktyf aomaexdkifrtqifhtwef;rsm; &Sdap&eftwGuf rdbrsm;wGif t"duwm0ef _ Sdonf/ rdbrsm;u twwfEdkifqHk; jznfhpGrf;ay;&rnf[k azmfjyxm;onf? t u,fI rdbrsm;u xdwm0efukd rxrf;aqmifEionftcgrsK;d wGif xdo@kd vtyf k kd f h k kd aom rdom;pkrsm;udk Ediiawmftpd;k &u tpm;tpm/ t0wftxnfEihf tdrf kfH S ,mtultnDrsm; axmufyhHay;&rnf[kvnf; qdkxm;onf? xdkodk@ulnD axmufyhHr_rsm;. yrm%onf oufqdkif&mvlr_todkif;t0dkif;. vdktyfcsuf/ &nfG,fcsufrsm;ESifh vdkufavsmnDaxGjzpf&ef vdktyfonf? 104
CRC.pmd
104
3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
tyd'f (28) k
ynmoifMum;cGihf
(1) pmcsKyftzJG@0ifEdkifiHrsm;onf uav;rsm;. ynmoif=um;cGifhudk todtrSwf y&rnftjyif xdtcGita&; wd;k wufrpmjzifh atmifjrifap&efEihf h k hf _ dS G S wef;wltcGifhtvrf;rsm;tay: tajccHEdkif&eftwGuf txl;ojzifh (u) tajccHtqifynmudk roifrae&ESihf vlwi;f tcrJwufa&muf h kd h Edkifapatmif vkyfaqmif&ef? (c) tv,fwef;ynmudk taxGaxGEihf toufarG;0rf;ausmif;ynm S &yfrsm;tygt0if tjcm;aomenf;vrf;trsK;d rsK;d wd@k Y wd;k wufvmap a&;twGuf tm;ay;axmufcHr_rsm; vkyaqmif&ef/ xdtcsursm;udk f k f uav;wdi;f tvG,wul oif=um;Ediap&ef/ vdtyfaom uav;rsm; k f kf k twGuf tcrJhynma&;ESifh ynmoifaxmufyhHa=u;rsm;ay;jcif; p onfwdk@udk oifhavsmfovdkvkyfaqmif&ef? (*) ynmoif=um;&efowfrwxm;aom vdtyfonfh t&nftcsi;f S f k 105
CRC.pmd 105 3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
ESifhjynfhpHkolrsm;tm;vHk;tqifhjrifhynma&;udk oif=um;Edkifapa&;t wGuf vkyfaqmifay;&ef? (C) ynma&;ESifh toufarG;0rf;ausmif;ynm&yfqdkif&m owif;t csuftvufrsm;ESifh vrf;!$efr_rsm;udk uav;rsm;tm;vHk; &SdtoHk; yEkdifap&eftwGuf vkyfaqmifay;&ef? (i) yHreausmif;wufrukd tm;ay;jcif;ESihf ausmif;xGuEe;f rsm; avsmh kSf _ f_ usa&;twGuf vkyfaqmifjcif;rsm; vkyfaqmifay;&ef? (2) ausmif;rsm;wGif toHk;yaeaomausmif;pnf;urf;rsm;onf u av;. *k%oumESiuun+D yD; ,ckoabmwlpmcsKyfwif azmfjyxm;onht f d Q hf kd f G f csufrsm;ESifh vdkufavsmnDaxGSdap&eftwGuf pmcsKyftzJG@0ifEdkifiHrsm;taejzifh oifhavsmfaom vkyfaqmifr_rSefor#udk vkyfaqmif&rnf? (3) pmcsKyftzJ@G 0ifEiirsm;onf ynma&;ESiywfoufI txl;ojzifh kd f H hf wurBmvHk;wGif vspfvsL_r_rsm;ESifh pmrwwfr_yaysmufa&;twGuf vdktyf aom tusKd;yvkyfaqmifjcif;rsm;ESifh ody`HESifhpufr_ynmqdkif&m A[kokwrsm; ESifh acwfrDoif=um;a&; enf;pepfrsm;udk yhHydk;ay;jcif;rsm;ESifhywfoufI EdkifiH wum. yl;aygif;aqmifGufr_ wdk;wufatmifvkyfjcif;/ tm;ay;tm;ajrmuf yvkyfjcif;rsm;udk vkyfaqmif&rnf? uav;rsm;. ynmoif=um;cGihfESifh xdkynma&;qdkif&m tcGifhta&; ESiywfoufI tpd;k &uvkyaqmifay;&rnfh tcsursm;udk Ttyd'(28)wGif fh f f k f azmfjyxm;onf? uav;wdi;f onf rlvwef;ynmudk tcrJoif=um;cGia=umif; ,ck k h hf dS tyd'wif wdwususazmfjyxm;onf? uav;wdi;f onf tedrq;kH tqiftae kf G d k hf h jzifh rlvwef;ynmudk tcrJEiroifrae& oif=um;cGionf[k qdxm;onf? h S hf hf dS k xdkr#ru uav;wdkif;onf tqifhjrifhynmESifh toufarG;0rf;ausmif;ynm rsm;udk oif=um;Edi&eftwGuf tcGitvrf;rsm;vnf;S&rnf[k qdxm;onf? kf hf d k tu,fI tv,fwef;ynmonf tcrJhr[kwfygu axmufyhHa=u;vdktyf aomuav;oli,frsm;tm; ynmoifaxmufyhHa=u;rsm;udk axmufyhHay;& 106
CRC.pmd
106
3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
rnf[k Ttyd'wiazmfjyxm;onf? uav;rsm;ausmif;xGujf cif;udk wm;qD; k f Gf Edkif&eftwGuf vdktyfaomvkyfaqmifcsufrsm; yvkyf&rnfhtjyif ynmoif =um;a&;qdi&m tcGitvrf;rsm;udvnf; uav;wdi;f odatmif vkyaqmif kf hf k k dS f ay;&rnfjzpfonf? EdkifiHawmftpdk;&onf wuUodkvfaumvdyfrsm;odk@ wuf a&muf&ef t&nftcsif;jynfhrDolrsm;taejzihf ausmif;wufa&mufoif=um; Edkif&eftwGuf vdktyfovdk pDpOfr_rsm;vkyfaqmifay;&rnfjzpf+yD; tqifjrifh ynma&;tqifhwdkif;wGif ody`HynmESifhpufr_ynm&yfrsm;qdkif&m A[kokwrsm; tm; avhvmEdkifatmif pDpOfay;&efwm0efSdonf? ,cktydk'f(28)wGif ynma&;tqifh jrifhrm;wdk;wufapa&;twGuf acwfrDynmoif=um;ydk@csenf;rsm;udk EdkifiHESihft0Srf; oif=um;ydk@csEdkifa&;t wGuf EdkifiHawmftpdk;&rsm;u pGrf;aqmifay;&ef wdkufwGef;Edk;aqmfxm;onf? xdk@jyif ,cktydk'fwGif ausmif;rsm;YcsrSwfxm;aom pnf;rsOf;pnf; urf;rsm;onf uav;rsm;. tcGifhta&;ESifh*k%foduQmudk xdcdkufysufjym;ap aom pnf;urf;rsm;rjzpfap&ef owday;xm;onf?
107
CRC.pmd 107 3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
tyd'f (29) k
wefz;kd Saomynma&; d
(1) pmcsKyftzJG@0ifEdkifiHrsm;taejzihf uav;rsm;. ynma&;tm; atmufygtwdkif;jzpfatmif vrf;!$efay;&rnf? (u) uav;. ud,&nfu,aoG;/ ADZxl;c|erEihf pdwyi;f kyyi;f t k f kd f f _ S f kd f kd &nftcsif;rsm;udk tjynfh0 qHk;xkwfazmftoHk;csEdkifr_ wdk;wufzHG@zd; vmapa&;? (c) vl@tcGifhta&;ESifh tajccHvGwfvyfcGifhrsm;tjyif ukvor*~. ydnmOfwiygaom tajccHoabmw&m;rsm;tay: av;pm;r_rsm; G f dS wdk;wufzHG@zd;vmapa&;/ (*) uav;.rdbrsm;/ uav;. udk,fydkif,Ofaus;r_ 0daoorsm;/ bmompum;ESifhwefzdk;rsm;/ uav;aexdkifaom wdkif;jynftwGif; od@k r[kwf uav;.Edii&if;Sd Ediiawmfwefz;kd vuQ%mrsm;ESihf u kfH kfH av;.udk,fydkif vl@,Ofaus;r_rsm;ESifh rwluJGjym;onfh tjcm;vl@,Of 108
CRC.pmd
108
3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
aus;rsm;tm;vHk;tay: av;pm;wwfr_rsm; wdk;wufzHG@zd;vmapa&;? (C) vGwvyfaom vl@todi;f t0di;f twGi;f em;vnfr/_ +idr;f csr;f r_/ f k k pdwnr/_ vdit&wef;wlnr/_ wdi;f &if;om;rsm;/ Ediiom;rsm;/ bm f S f f D k kfH oma&;tkyprsm;ESihf rl&if;XmaevlrsK;d aemufcaomolrsm;tygt0if f k H dS vlom;tm;vH;k t=um; csp=f unf&if;ES;D r_ponfh pdwxm;rsm;ESihf wm f 0efSdaom b0wcktwGuf jyifqifay;jcif;? (i) obm0ywf 0 ef ; usif u d k av;pm;wef z d k ; xm;r_ r sm; wd k ; wuf zHG@zd;vmapa&;? (2) Ttydk'fESifh tydk'f(28)wdk@wGifyg0ifaom rnfonfhtcsufurS wOD;wa,mufcsif; odk@r[kwf Xmewck. ynma&;qdkif&mausmif;rsm; wnf aqmufjcif;ESifh pDrHcef@cJGjcif;wdk@ESifhywfoufaom vGwfvyfcGifhudk xdyg;aESmuf ,Sufjcif;ry? xdkausmif;rsm;onf Ttydk'fcJG(1)wGif azmfjyxm;aom o abmw&m;rsm;ESifh EdkifiHawmfu csrSwfjyXmef;xm;aom tedrfhqHk;tqifht wef;rsm;ESifh udkufnDr_Sd rSd avhvmEdkif&eftwGuf xdkausmif;rsm;tm; t+rJ wrf;apmifh=uyfr_rsm; vkyfaqmifEdkifonf? tydk'f(28)wGif uav;rsm;. ynmoif=um;cGifhta=umif; azmfjy xm;ovdk ,cktydk'f(29)wGif xdkuav;rsm; cH,loif=um;oifhaom ynm a&;trsKd;tpm;ta=umif; Sif;vif;wifjyxm;onf? Ttydk'fwGifyg0ifaom h kH h tyd'cig;ckpvH;k wGif ausmif;rsm;Y rnfonfynma&;yHprsK;d udk yd@k csoifh onft k f GJ a=umif; twdtusazmfjyxm;onf? yxrOD;qH;k azmfjyxm;onfrm uav;jzpfo. ud,&nfu,aoG;/ S l k f kd f ADZt&nftcsi;f xl;c|er/_ pdwyi;f ESihf kyyi;f pGr;f &nfrsm;tm; tjynf0qH;k azmf f f kd f kd h xkwtoH;k csEirukd tm;ay;onfh ynma&;yHprsK;d jzpf&rnf[aom tcsujf zpf f kd f _ kH l onf? ,ciftcsersm;u ausmif;ynmqdonfrm ausmif;om;rsm;tm;vH;k udk d f k S tajccHA[kowESihf twwfynmu|r;f usirrsm; ay;&eftwGuom &nf,chJ k f_ f G f onf? ausmif;om;ausmif;olrsm;wGifSdaom yifudk,ft&nftcsif;/ pGrf;&nf rsm;udk azmfxwvmEdi&ef &nf,cjhJ cif;rScay? ynmoif=um;r_yprmvnf; k f kf G f d hJ kH H S 109
CRC.pmd 109 3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
tcsutvuf/ ude;f *%ef;/ ae@prsm;udk tvGwusurwjf cif;tay: tav; f GJ f f S xm;aom oif=um;avhvmr_yHkpHrsKd; jzpfcJhonf? usKd;a=umif;qifjcif oHk;oyf wwfr_ESifh vGwfvyfpGmawG;ac:pOf;pm;Edkif&eftwGuf t"dutm;ay;tav; xm;cJjh cif;rScay? wcsKd aomEdiirsm;wGif ausmif;oifcef;pmrsm;onf xdEif d hJ kfH k kd iHwif usio;kH aeaom Ediia&;pepf/ vlrsK;d a&;/ bmoma&;wd@k rnfr#aumif; G hf kfH rGefonfhta=umif;udkom avhvmoif,l&aom yHkpHrsKd;yif jzpfaeavhSdonf? ,cktyd'wif &nf!e;f azmfjyxm;aom ynma&;yHponf ausmif;om;rsm;. k f G $ k H ynma&;vdktyfcsufrsm;udk ta&;ay;oif=um;onfh ynma&;yHkpHjzpfonf? 'kwd,tydk'fcJGwGif azmfjyxm;aom ynma&;yHkpHonf ausmif;om; rsm;taejzifh vl@tcGifhta&;ESifh tajccHvGwfvyfr_rsm;tjyif ukvor*~ yd nmOfpmwrf;wGifyg0ifonfh tcsufrsm;udkyg av;pm;=uolrsm;jzpfap&ef ud; yrf;aqmifGufonfh ynma&;rsKd;jzpf&rnf? ukvor*~ ydnmOfpmwrf;wGif vl@tcGita&;tajccH oabmw&m;rsm;/ Edii}H uD;i,fraG; wef;wlnr#rqif hf kf D _ kd &m tcGita&;rsm;/ jy\emwckukd cGetm;oH;k rajzSi;f bJ +idr;f csr;f pGmajzSi;f hf f &ef wm0efrsm;ygonftwGuf xdtcsursm;udk av;pm;vduemaom Ediiol dS h k f k f kfH Ediiom;rsm; ay:xGe;f vmatmif pGr;f aqmifEionfh ynma&;rsK;d jzpf&rnf[k kfH kd f Ttydk'fcJGwGif azmfjyxm;onf? wwd,tydk'fcJGwGif ynma&;onf vlwOD;wa,muf.rdb/ EdkifiH/ tcsKyftjcmtm%m/ ,Ofaus;r_/ bmompum;ESihf vlrwefz;kd wd@k tay: av; _ pm;*k%,wwfaom pdw"mwfrsm;xGe;f um;apaom ynma&;rsK;d jzpf&rnf[k f l f azmfjyxm;onf? pwkwWtydk'fcJGY ynma&;onf uav;rsm;tm; vGwfvyfyGifhvif; aom vl@todkif;t0dkif;wGif usifvnfSifoefEdkif&eftwGuf avhusifhjyifqif ay;aomyHprsK;d jzpf&rnf[k qdxm;onf? vGwvyfyivif;aom vl@todi;f t kH k f G hf k 0dkif;qdkonfrSm 'Drdkua&pDusaom vl@todkif;t0dkif; jzpfonfhtm;avsmfpGm ausmif;olausmif;om;rsm;onf Ediia&;pepfyprsm;ESihf ,if;wd@k . vkyx;kH vkyf kfH kH H f enf;rsm;udk odSdem;vnf&ef vdktyfonf? ausmif;om;ausmif;olrsm;onf 110
CRC.pmd
110
3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
'Drdkua&pDenf;vrf;wus qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;csrSwfr_/ 'Drdkua&pDusifhpOfrsm;udk em;vnfoabmayguf&rnfhtjyif vGwfvyfpGmawG;ac:cGifh ajymqdkcGifhrsm;udk vnf; rdrw@kd touftG,/f tajctaewd@k Eiuunpm toH;k csEiciaom d S hf kd f D G kd f G hf dS ynma&;rsKd;jzpf&rnf[k Ttydk'fcJGwGif a&;om;xm;onf? xdk@jyif ynma&; onf ausmif;om;ausmif;olw@kd tm; +idr;f csr;f a&;/ usm;/ rwef;wlnr#r/_ rwl D nDaombmomw&m;/ vlrsKd;/ wdkif;&if;om;ESihf rl&if;XmaevlrsKd;rsm;t=um; em;vnfr_/ pdwfSnfonf;cHr_ESifh cspf=unf&if;ESD;r_wdk@jzifhom zHk;v$rf;aeaom urBm}uD;wGif toufSifusifvnfaexdkif&eftwGuf jyifqifay;aom t&m rsKd;jzpf&rnf[k qdkxm;jyefonf? ausmif;q&mq&mrESifh ausmif;oifdk;!$ef; wrf;pmtkyrsm;onf wOD;udwOD;ppfrufjzpf&ef v_@H aqmfay;aom/ trsK;d om; f k ESifh trsKd;orD;wdk@t=um; yHkpHcGufcsxm;r_udk ydkrdkcdkifrmapaom/ bmomw &m;wckonf tjcm;bmomrsm;xuf ydkrdkjrifhjrwfonf[lonfhpdwfrsKd; ayguf zGm;apaom/ vlrsK;d rsm;/ wdi;f &if;om;rsm;t=um; r[mvlrsK;d }uD;pdw"mwfrsm; k f xGef;um;apaomt&mrsm; rjzpfap&efudkvnf; owday;xm;onf? xdkq&m q&mrrsm;ESifh ausmif;oifdk;!$ef;wrf;rsm;onf rwlnDaombmoma&;ESifh vl@abmiftzJG@tpnf;rsm;tm; ydkrdkem;vnfESpfoufvufcHaompdwfrsm;/ +idrf; csrf;a&;ESifh usm;rwef;wlnDr#r_tay: vufcHr_rsm;xGef;um;ap&ef yhHydk;ulnD ay;aom t&mrsm;jzpf&ayrnf? xdkodk@qdkonfhtwGuf q&m/ q&mrrsm;ESifh ausmif;oifdk;!$ef;wrf;rsm;onf xdkwefzdk;rsm;ta=umif;udk ydk@cs&rnf[k qdk vdkjcif;r[kwfbJ ausmif;om;ausmif;olrsm;udk,fwdkif pl;prf;vdkpdwfESifh tcsif; csi;f t=um; tjyeftvSeavhvmvdpwrsm; ayguzm;apEdirnfh tawG@tuH f k d f f G kf rsm;ESifh owif;rsm;udk yhHydk;ay;&efudkom qdkvdkonf? yOPrtydk'fcGJY ynma&;onf obm0ywf0ef;usifudk av;pm;wefzdk; xm;wwfapr_ukd xGe;f um;atmif vkyaqmifay;Edionfynma&;rsK;d om jzpf f kf h &rnf[k aemufqHk;azmfjyxm;onf? xdk@jyiftydk'f(29)wGif ausmif;rsm;Y rnfonfht&mrsm; oif=um;& rnfjzpfa=umif; csrwxm;aom Ttyd'wiygonfh vrf;!$ecsursm;onf S f k f G f dS f f 111
CRC.pmd 111 3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
yk*vuausmif;rsm; zGicirS[k owfrwywyifxm;jcif;r[kwa=umif; xyfrH ~ d hf G hf d S fd f f Si;f jyxm;ygonf? txufwiazmfjyxm;aom vrf;!$ecsursm;udk av;pm; Gf f f vduem+yD; tpd;k &uowfrwxm;aom vduem&rnfh vkyx;kH vkyenf;rsm;t k f S f k f f f wdkif; vkyfaqmifxm;ygu yk*~vduausmif;rsm;udk zGifhvSpfydkifcGihfSdonf[k qdk xm;onf? xdo@kd y*vuausmif;rsm; zGivpcionf uav;oli,frsm;pmcsKyf k k~ d hf S f G hf ray:aygufrDuwnf;u pD;yGm;a&;/ vlr_a&;ESifh ,Ofaus;r_qdkif&mtcGifhta&; rsm; oabmwlpmcsKyfwGif ygSdcJh+yD;jzpfonf?
112
CRC.pmd 112 3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
tyd'f (30) k
vlenf;pkEihf rl&if;XmaevlrsKd;pkuav;rsm; S
wdi;f &if;om;vlrsK;d rsm;/ bmoma&; od@k r[kwf bmompum;tenf; k pkvrsK;d rsm; od@k r[kwf rl&if;XmaevlrsK;d rsm;wnfaeaom Ediirsm;wGif xdvl l dS kfH k rsK;d pkE,uav;rsm; od@k r[kwf rl&if;XmaevlrsK;d pkE,uav;rsm; rdr.ud,yif G f G f d k f kd ,Ofaus;r_ukd tjcm;aomywf0ef;usitwGi;f Sorsm;ESitwl aysm&ipmcHpm; f d l hf f$fG cGi/hf rdr.ud;k uG,aombmomudk vufcusio;kH cGiEihf rdr.ud,yibmom d f H hf hf S d k f kd f pum; toHk;ycGihfwkd@udk jiif;y,fjcif;ryap&? tydk'f(30)wGif vlenf;pkESifh rl&if;XmaevlrsKd;pkrsm;. uav;rsm;cH pm;cGifhSdonfh txl;tcGifhta&;rsm;udk azmfjyxm;onf? Ttydk'fwGif vl enf;pkrsm;udk bmompum;/ udk;uG,fonfhbmomESifh wdkif;&if;om;vlenf;pk rsm;[lI oH;k rsK;d cJjG cm;xm;onfukd awG@&onf? xdo;kH rsK;d teuf yxrESprsK;d rSm k f cJGjcm;&ef tvGefvG,fulonf? yxrtrsKd;tpm;jzpfonfh bmompum;t& vlenf;pkrsm;qdkonfrSm trsm;pkajymaompum;rsKd;ESifh rwluJGjym;onfh bm 113
CRC.pmd 113 3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
ompum;udajymonfh vlenf;pkrsm;jzpf+yD; 'kw,jzpfaom ud;k uG,onfbm k d f h omt& vlenf;pkrsm;qdonfrm vlrsm;pku ud;k uG,aombmomESihf rwluGJ k S f jym;aombmomtm; ud;k uG,orsm;udk qdvonf? wdi;f &if;om;vlrsK;d pkrsm; f l k kd k qdkonfrSm trsm;pkusifhoHk;onfh }uD;rm;aom,Ofaus;r_rsm;ESifhrwlaom " avhEihf vlaer_b0rsm;Saom tkyprsm;udk qdvonf? xdorsm;onf ky&nf S d fk k kd k l f oGifjyifrStp rwlnDuJGjym;aom kyfqif;oGifjyifrsm; Sdwwfonf? xdorsm;tm; cJjG cm;owfrw&mwGif r=umc%qdovdk a&maxG;xyf k l S f k wljzpfaer_rsm; jzpfavhSdonf? tcsKdaom wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;rsm;wGif udk,f ydkifpmayESifh udk;uG,fonfhbmomrsm; Sd=uonf? odk@&mwGif xdkvlrsKd;rsm; onf udk,fydkifpmayudk roHk;ryawmhbJ rdrdbmomrStjcm;bmomodk@ ul; ajymif;oGm;cJ+h yD;jzpfaomfvnf; rdrvrsK;d rsm;."avhEihf b0yHprsm;twdi;f ae d l S k H k xdkifusifh}uHvsufSdaeygu xdkolrsm;onf wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;rsm;yif jzpfae vsufSdonf? xdk"avhESifh b0yHkpHrsm;qdkonfrSm dk;&moDcsif;rsm;/ tursm;/ yHkjyifrsm;/ tm;vyf&ufrsm;/ upm;enf;rsm;/ tpm;tpmrsm;/ 0wfpm;qif ,ifyHkrsm;/ vltrsm;uvufcHxm;aom vlr_tqifhtwef;rsm;ESifh oufarG; 0rf;ausmif;vkyfief;rsm;udk qdkvdkjcif;jzpfonf? vlenf;pk (Minority) qdaompum;.t"dym,frm vlO;D a&toift k ` S h wifhrsm;aomtkyfpkwpku wdkif;jynftwGif;odk@ 0ifa&muftajccsum bdk;pOf abmifqufaygi;f rsm;pGm aexdivmcJ+h yD; xdaexdi&mEdii. Ediiom;rsm;olukd kf k kf kfH kfH qdvonf? zdvpfyiEiiwif vma&muftajccsaexdiaom tar&duefrsm;ESihf k kd kd f kd f H G kf =opa=w;vsEiirS Ediiom;tenf;i,favmufukd vlenf;pktjzpf rowfrwf kd f H k f H S Edkifyg? tyd'(30)wGif qdvonfh rl&if;XmaevlrsK;d rsm;. uav;rsm; (Indigkf k kd enous children) qdkonfrSm wdkif;jynfwcktwGif; ordkif;rwifrDuwnf;u tajccs aexdkifcJh=u+yD; v$rf;rdk;csKyfudkifonfh taetxm;rsKd;YrSdaom vlrsKd; rsm;rSaeI ayguzm;vmaom uav;rsm;jzpfonf? xdorsm;onf v$r;f rd;k csKyf fG k l ukdifxm;aom vlrsKd;rsm;ESifhEd_if;,SOfvdkufv#if ta&twGufenf;yg;onfh t 114
CRC.pmd
114
3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
wGuf xdow@kd onfvnf; vlenf;pkrsm;yifjzpfaomfvnf; xdorsm;ESihf tjcm; k l k l vlenf;pkrsm;t=um; rwluJGjym;r_rsm;pGmSdaoma=umifh xdkolrsm;udk rl&if;Xm aevlrsK;d rsm;[lI oD;oef@trnfay; ac:a0: jcif;jzpfonf? tjcm;vlenf;pkrsm; ESifh rl&if;XmaevlrsKd;pkrsm;t=um; tcGifhta&;ESihfywfoufI uJGjym;aomt csurm rl&if;XmaevlrsK;d pkrsm;wGif olw@kd b;kd pOfabmifquf aexdivmcJaom fS kf h ajr,mrsm;tm; ydkifqdkifcGifhESifh toHk;ycGifhSdjcif;jzpfonf? xdkrl&if;XmaevlrsKd; pkrsm; ud;k uG,aombmoma&; ,H=k unfcsuonf xdorsm;rd;kd zvm tpOft f f k l qufaexdkifcJhonfh ydkifeufe,fajrrsm;ESifh qufpyfaevsufSdonf? Oyrmtar&duEdiiwiaom tmSvrsK;d rsm;onf vlenf;pkrsm;jzpf+yD; tar&duef k f H G f dS l EdkifiHwGifSdaom vleD&wftif'D,ef;rsm;onf rl&if;XmaevlrsKd;pkrsm;jzpfonf? TpmcsKyft& bmompum;/ udk;uG,fonfhbmomESifh vlrsKd;pkt& vlenf;pkjzpfaeaom uav;i,frsm;ESihf rl&if;XmaevlrsK;d uav;i,frsm;wGif txl;tcGita&; oH;k rsK;d Sonf? xdtxl;tcGita&;rsm;rSm tjcm;olw@kd vl hf d k hf rsK;d rsm;ESitwl ud,yi,Ofaus;r_wif yg0ifaysmici/hf ud,yibmompum; hf k f kd f G f $fG k f kd f rsm;tm; toH;k ycGiEihf bmoma&;usi}hf uHu;kd uG,cihf wd@k jzpfonf? xdtxl; hf S fG k tcGita&;rsm;udk tpd;k &uumuG,ay;&ef vdtyfonftjyif tpd;k &uaeI hf f k h csK;d azmufjcif;ry&efvnf; wm0efonf? tpd;k &onf xdvenf;pkrsm;ESihf rl&if; dS k l XmaevlrsK;d rsm;. bmompum;/ bmomw&m;ESihf ,Ofaus;r_w@kd ukd wm;jrpf jcif;/ 0ifa&mufpuzufjcif;ry&ay? xd@k jyif xdvenf;pkvrsK;d rsm;. bmomp G f k l l um;ESifh ,Ofaus;r_rsm; wdrfaumroGm;ap&ef umuG,fonfhvkyfaqmifr_rsKd;/ Oyrm - wdkif;&if;om;bmompum;jzifh a&'D,kdtpDtpOfrsm; xkwfv$ifhjcif;/ xdkbmompum;rsm;udk avhvmEdkif&eftwGuf bmompum;ESifh pmayoif =um;r_rsm; zGifhvSpfoif=um;ay;jcif;ponfwdk@ yvkyfay;&ef vdktyfonf? rl&if;XmaevlrsKd;pkrsm;taejzifh rddk;zvm,Ofaus;r_rsm;wGif yg0if aysmiEi&eftwGuf xdorsm;onf aS;d;k tpOftqufuwnf;u aexdivm f $ f kd f k l kf cJhaom udk,fydkifajr,mrsm;wGif jyifyaESmuf,Sufr_rsm;uif;a0;+yD; twlwuG pkpnf;aexdkifrSom jzpfEdkifvdrfhrnf[k trsm;uvufcH,Hk=unfxm;=uonf? 115
CRC.pmd 115 3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
xdkodk@r[kwfbJ zHG@zd;wdk;wufa&;trnfcHaom pDrHudef;rsm; vkyfaqmif&eft wGuf xdorsm;udk olw@kd yiajr,ma'orsm;rS t"rRarmif;xkwjf cif;/ xdorsm; k l dk f k l aexdi&ma'otwGi;f od@k jyifyvlrsm;0ifa&mufaexdirukd cGihf yjcif;wd@k jzpfay: kf kf_ vmygu xdr&if;Xmae vlrsK;d rsm;t=um;wGif olw@kd . ud,yibmompum;/ k l k f kd f ud;k uG,onfbmom/ d;k &m"avhrsm;ESihf rd;kd zvm aexdirtpOftvmrsm;udk f h kf_ xdrf;odrf;xm;Edkif&ef tcuftcJaygif;rsm;pGmwdk@ESifh uHawG@vm&awmhonf? wcgw&HwGif dk;&m"avhrsm;ESifhxHk;pHrsm;onf vl@tcGifhta&;ESifh r udkufnDbJ 0da&m"djzpfwwfonf? TpmcsKyf.tydk'f(24)tydk'fcJG(3)wGif EdkifiH awmftpdk;&onf uav;rsm;.usef;rma&;udk xdcdkuftE W&m,fjzpfapEdkifrnfh dk;&m"avhrsm;/ tytrlrsm;udk yaysmufatmif vkyfaqmif&rnfjzpfa=umif; azmfjyxm;onf? xdkodk@ tE W&m,fjzpfaprnfh dk;&m"avhrsm;udk yaysmuf atmifvyaqmif&rnfh wm0efEihf xdorsm;. ,Ofaus;r_xr;f odr;f a&; tcGihf k f S k l d ta&;wdk@ wzufESifhwzuf 0da&m"djzpfvmygu uav;i,f. tcGifhta&;udk tav;omay;&rnfjzpfonf?
116
CRC.pmd 116 3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
tyd'f (31) k
upm;cGihf
(1) pmcsKyftzJG 0ifEiirsm;onf uav;rsm;.toufEihf vkuavsm dk f H S d f nDaxGaom tem;,lcGifh/ tyrf;ajzcGifh/ upm;cGifh/ rdrd0goemyg&mtvkyfjzifh pdwftem;,lcGifh ,Ofaus;r_b0ESifh tEkynmwGifyg0ifcGifhwdk@udk todtrSwf y&rnf? (2) pmcsKyftzJ@G 0ifEiirsm;onf uav;rsm;. ,Ofaus;r_b0ESihf tEk kd f H ynmwGif tjynft0yg0ifciw@kd ukd av;pm;&rnfjzpf+yD; wd;k wufatmif vkyf h G hf aqmifay;&rnf? xd@k jyif ,Ofaus;r_/ tEkynm/ pdwtem;,lrEihf tyrf;ajzr_ f _ S wdk@wGif oifhwifh+yD;wef;wlnDr#aom tcGifhtvrf;rsm;Sdap&ef tm;ay;tm; ajrmufyvkyfay;&rnf? ,cktyd'wiyg0ifaom tcGita&;rsm;udk tkypo;kH pkcjGJ cm;Edionf? k f Gf hf f k kf yxrtkyprm tem;,lciEihf tyef;ajzcGi/hf 'kw,tkyprm upm;cGiEihf rdr0g fk S G hf S d fkS hf S d oemyg&m tvkyjf zifh pdwtem;,lciEihf aemufq;kH wwd,tkyprm ,Ofaus;r_ f G hf S fkS 117
CRC.pmd 117 3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
b0ESifh tEkynmwdk@wGif yg0ifcGifhwdk@jzpf.? yxrtkypwiyg0ifaom tem;,lciEihf tyef;ajzcGiw@kd wif tem; f k Gf G hf S hf G ,lcGifhqdkonfrSm ukd,fum, wjznf;jznf;}uD;xGm;wdk;wufvmaeaom u av;rsm;twGuf vdtyfaomtcsuwcsujf zpfonf? uav;. touftG,f k f ESihf v_ym;vkyuiaom v_ym;r_rsm;tvduf uav;wOD;ESiwOD; tem;,lr_ fS f kd f fS k hf rwlnEiay? tyef;ajzr_qonfrm tm;vyfonftcsewif pdwutem;ay; D kd f kd S h d f G f kd tyef;jcif;udk qdkvdkonf? udk,fcE<mzHG@zd;xGm;udif;ap&eftwGuf tem;,lay; &ef/ tdyfpuf&efvdktyfovdk pdwfcsrf;ajrhaysmf$ifapa&;twGuf pdwftyef;ajz &efvnf; rSrjzpfvtyfonf? xdo@kd tyef;ajztem;,ljcif;udk tG,a&muf d kd k f +yD;jzpfaom vl}uD;rsm;tygt0if vlwdkif;vdktyfaomfvnf; uav;rsm;tzdk@ ydrvtyfonf? uav;oli,frsm;tm; tyef;ajztem;,lciray;bJ jyif;xef k kd kd G hf pGmtvkyfvkyfcdkif;jcif;/ pmusufrSwfapjcif;onf tG,fa&muf+yD;jzpfaom vl }uD;rsm;tm; tqifhoifhrjzpfcif wm0ef}uD;}uD;rm;rm; apcdkif;jcif;rsKd;ESifh t vm;wlyifjzpfonf? xdkodk@apcdkif;jcif;a=umifh pdwfzdpD;r_rsm;cHpm;vm&+yD; xdkrS wqifh uav;.udk,f&nfudk,faoG;rsm; zHG@zd;wdk;wufr_tay: raumif;aom tusK;d oufa&mufrrsm; jzpfvmEdionf? tqd;k 0g;qH;k taejzifh xdo@kd tyef; _ kf k ajztem;,lcGifh vHk;0r&aomuav;rsm;onf pdwfydkif;qdkif&m xdcdkufr_jy\ emrsm; jzpfvmonftxd cHpm;oGm;wwfonf? 'kw,tkypjk zpfaom upm;cGiEifh rdr0goemyg&mtvkyjf zifh pdwt d f hf S d f em;,lciw@kd wif upm;jcif;onf rdwaqGtaygi;f toif;wd;k apaom v_ym;r_ G hf G f f S jzpfonf? uav;wd@k onf uav;tcsi;f csi;f od@k r[kwf tG,a&muf+yD;olrsm; f ESifhtwl upm;&if;jzifh rdwfaqGrsm;wdk;yGm;vmonf? xdkodk@ upm;&if;jzifh t jcm;olrsm;ESihf tqifajyatmif rnfo@kd aexdioifa=umif;udk tvdtavsmuf kf h k avhvmrdapEdkifonf? xdk@jyif obm0w&m;ta=umif;/ rdrdywf0ef;usifSd kyf 0wWKypPnf;rsm;ta=umif;/ bmompum;rsm;ta=umif;udk upm;&if;avhvm rdom;ovdk rwlnaomtajctaersK;d udk vlrsm;u wke@f jyefwwfyrsm;/ vlt G D kH rsK;d rsK;d . pdwu;l pdwawG;rsm;udvnf; twk,avhvmoGm;rdaponf? rdr0go f f k l d 118
CRC.pmd
118
3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
emyg&mtvkyfjzifh pdwftem;,ljcif;wGif tm;upm;rsm;udk tkyfpkvdkufupm; jcif;tjyif pdwf=unfEl;aysmf$ifap&ef &nfG,fcsufjzifh vkyfavhvkyfxSdaom pmzwfjcif;/ aw;*Dwem;axmifjcif;/ kyfSif=unfhjcif;/ yifv,furf;ajcwGif tyef;ajztem;,ljcif;/ vrf;av#mufjcif;/ yef;+cHrsm;/ jywdkufrsm;odk@ oGm; a&mufvnfywfjcif; ponfwdk@yg0ifonf? wwd,tkypwif yg0ifaomtcGita&;rSm ,Ofaus;r_b0ESihf tEky f k G hf nmwd@k wif yg0ifcijhf zpfonf? tEkynmqdonfrm yef;cs/D "mwfy/kH yef;ykpaom G G k S tEkynmrsm;tjyif aw;*Dw/ tuESihf pifwifjyZmwfponfw@kd yg yg0ifonf? ,Ofaus;r_b0qdonfrm pmay/ d;k &mtEkynmESihf yJawmfrsm; ponfw@kd jzpf k S G G G hf k kd onf? xd,Ofaus;r_b0ESihf tEkynmwd@k wif yg0ifci[q&mwGif tEkynmudk k zefwD;olwa,muftaejzifh wufuGpGmyg0ifjcif;omru =unfh_oly&dowf tjzpf yg0ifjcif;vnf; tuH;0ifonf? xdkodk@aom tcGifhta&;rsm;udk uav;rsm;aysmf$ifpGm cHpm;Edkif&eft wGuf yxrqHk;taejzifh tm;vyfcsdefrsm; vdktyfygonf? xdkodk@ tm;vyfcsdef rsm;&Sd&eftwGuf rdom;pkonf oifhwifhvHkavmufaom 0ifaiG&SdrSjzpfrnf? odk@rSom uav;i,fjzpfolrsm;onf olwdk@.tm;vyfonhf tcsdef rsm;wGif rdom;pk0rf;a&;twGuf 0ifa&mufvyuip&m rvdtyfawmhay? wjcm;wzuf k f kd f k uvnf; rdbESiq&mq&mrwd@k onf uav;rsm;tay: rwefrq wm0efay; hf jcif;/ 0efxw0efy;kd rsm; ydapjcif;rsm;rvkybJ uav;rsm;tyef;ajz tem;,lEif k f f kd ap&eftwGuf owdy+yD;apcdkif;&ef vdktyfygonf? uav;rsm; xdtcGita&;rsm; cHpm;Edi&eftwGuf vdtyfaom 'kwd k hf kf k ,tcsufrSm uav;rsm;onf olwdk@tm;vyfcsdeftwGif; tjcm;uav;i,f rsm;ESihf vHvavmufavmuf qufo,ci&ef [laomtcsujf zpfonf? wwd k kH G f G hf dS ,taejzifh uav;rsm;vdktyfaomt&mrSm upm;&efae&myifjzpfonf? u av;.aetdrwijf zpfap/ &yfuuywf0ef;usiwijf zpfap uav;rsm;pdwcsvkH cH f G G f f G f pGm upm;Edi&eftwGuf ae&mrsm;vdtyfonf? xdae&mrsm;wGif tjcm;olrsm; kf k k 0ifa&mufaESmuf,uEijf cif;rSbJ uav;rsm;.tG,Eiuunonfh upm; S f kd d f S fh kd f D 119
CRC.pmd 119 3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
enf;rsm;udk tyltyifuif;uif; upm;EdkifonfhvHkcHr_rsKd; vdktyfonf? xdkodk@ pdwcsvkH cHrwifomrubJ xdupm;onfae&mrsm;onf uav;rsm;udk qJG f _ dS kH k h aqmifEdkifonfht&mrsm;/ uav;rsm;pdwfcsrf;ajrhpGm upm;vdkonfhae&mrsm; jzpf&efvnf; vdktyfonf? ,Ofaus;r_b0/ tEkynmESifhtm;upm;wdk@wGif yg0ifEdkif&eftwGuf aw;*Dwwl&d,mrsm;/ tEkynmtaxmuftulypPnf;rsm;/ pmtkyfrsm;/ tm; upm;ypPnf;rsm;/ upm;uGif;rsm;ESifh pepfwusoif=um;ay;rnfh tm;upm; enf;jyrsm; vdtyfygonf? =unftm;ay;vdaom uav;rsm;twGuf =unfh k h _ k _tm;ay;Edkif&ef vufrSwfrsm;a&mif;csay;&efvnf;vdkonf? vlaer_tqifh jrifh+yD; 0ifaiGaumif;aom rdom;pkrsm;rS uav;rsm;om xdktcGifhta&;rsKd; &Sdjcif;rjzpfap&efESifh qif;&Jonfhrdom;pkrsm;rS uav;i,frsm;vnf; xdkodk@yg 0ifEi&eftwGuf tcrJpm=unfwursm;zGiay;jcif;/ jywdursm;wGif tcrJ0if kd f h h kd f hf k f h cGifhay;onfhae@rsm; owfrSwfay;jcif;/ tcrJhjyyJGrsm; wifqufazsmfajzr_rsm;udk usi;f yay;jcif;/ ausmif;rsm;wGif tEkynmESihf tm;upm;tpDtpOfrsm; usi;f y ay;jcif;wkd@udk pDpOfaqmifGufay;Edkifonf?
120
CRC.pmd 120 3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
tyd'f (32) k
uav;tvkyorm;rsm; f
(1) uav;tm;tE &m,fjzpfapEdiaom/ od@k r[kwf ynma&;udk xd W kf cdkufapEdkifaom odk@r[kwf uav;.usef;rma&; odk@r[kwf kyfydkif;/ pdwfydkif;/ pm&dwyi;f / oDvydi;f ESihf vlrz@GH zd;wd;k wufrtm; taESmuft,Sujf zpfapaom W kd k _ _ tvkyrsm;apcdi;f jcif;ESihf pD;yGm;a&;tjrwfxwrrS umuG,ay;r_c,yicirsm; f k k f _ f H l kd f G hf uav;wGifSdonfqdkonfhtcsufudk pmcsKyftzJG@0ifEkdifiHrsm;u todtrSwf y&rnf? (2) Ttydk'fudk taumiftxnfazmfaqmifGufEdkif&eftwGuf pm csKyftzJ@G 0ifEiionf Oya'yu/ tkycsKyfa&;u/ vlra&;uESihf ynm kd f H f _ a&;utoD;oD;wdk@wGif vkdtyfovdkvkyfaqmifay;&rnf? xdkodk@jzpfap&ef twGuf tjcm;oabmwl pmcsKyfrsm;wGifyg0ifonfh oufqkdifaomtcsuf rsm;ESifhywfoufI pmcsKyftzJG@0ifEdkifiHrsm;onf txl;ojzifh 121
CRC.pmd 121 3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
(u) tvkyf0ifa&mufvkyfudkif&eftwGuf tedrfhqHk;toufudk owf rSwfay;&rnf? (c) tvkyvyuirEihf ywfoufaom tajctae tqiftwef;rsm; f k f kd f _ S h ESifh oifhavsmfaom pnf;rsOf;Oya'rsm;udk jyXmef;ay;&rnf? (*) Ttyd'ukd wduspmjzifh tav;xm;vduemap&eftwGuf oifh k f G k f avsmfaom jypf'%frsm;ESihf ta&;,lr_rsm;udk jyXmef;&rnf? Ttyd'wif uav;rsm;tm; apcdi;f jcif;ryoifonfh tvkytrsK;d t kf G k h f pm;rsm;udk azmfjyxm;onf? xdtvkytrsK;d tpm;rsm;rSm (1) uav;.ynm k f a&;udk xdcuaponftvkyrsK;d / (2) tE &m,faomtvkyrsK;d ESihf (3) uav; kd f h f W dS f . use;f rma&;/ kyyi;f / pdwyi;f / oDvydi;f / pm&dwyi;f ESihf vlrz@GH zd;wd;k wufrukd f kd f kd k W kd _ _ taESmuft,Sufjzpfapaom tvkyfrsKd;wdk@jzpfonf? vkyfief;cGifwGif rawmfwqxdcdkufr_jzpfyGm;E_ef;rsm;aom tvkyfrsm; onf tE W&m,fSdaom tvkyfrsKd;yifjzpfonf? xdk@jyif tvkyfvkyfcsdefonf ausmif;csdeftwGif;jzpfygu odk@r[kwf tvkyfvkyf&ojzifh uav;i,fonf ausmif;pmavhvm&ef/ ausmif;wuf&eftwGuf yifyef;aeygu xdtvkyonf k f uav;. ynma&;udkxdcdkufapaom tvkyfrsKd;jzpfonf? ausmif;oifcef;pm rsm;ESifh tdrpmrsm; rvkyfEdkifavmufatmif taESmuft,Sufyaom tvkyf f rsKd;onfvnf; ynma&;udk xdcdkufapaomtvkyf[k owfrSwfI&onf? uav;. use;f rma&;/ kyyi;f / pdwyi;f / oDvydi;f / pm&dwyi;f ESihf vl f kd f kd k W kd r_z@GH zd;wd;k wufrw@kd ukd taESmuft,Sujf zpfapaom tvkyrsK;d qdonfh t"dym,f _ f k ` zGiqcsurm txl;us,jf yef@vonf? uav;twGuf tE &,fjzpfaprnfh t hf kd f S S W vkyfrsm;tm;vHk;udk ydwfyifwm;qD;ay;&ef &nfG,fxm;onf? uav;. pdwf"mwfydkif;zHG@zd;wdk;wufr_udk taESmuft,Sufjzpfap aom tvkyrsm;qdonfrm uav;tm; &mZ0wf*%;f rsm;ESihf qufo,vyf f k S kd G f k udkifapjcif;/ odk@r[kwf uav;.pdwf"mwfydkif;udk ysufjym;aprnfh tvkyfrsm; jzpfaom avmif;upm;/ jynfwefqm/ npfnrf;pmay/ t&ufEir;l ,pfaq;0g; h S hf vkyief;rsm;wGif uav;udtoH;k csjcif;wd@k ukd qdvonf? oDvydi;f zH@G zd;wd;k wuf f k k kd k 122
CRC.pmd
122
3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
r_udk taESmuft,SufjzpfapaomtvkyfrsKd;rSm xdkuav;udk;uG,faom bm oma&;t&raumif;r_[k wm;jrpfywyifxm;aom vkyief;rsK;d udk qdvonf? d f f k kd vlrz@GH zd;wd;k wufrukd taESmuft,Sujf zpfapaom tvkyqonfrm omref _ _ f kd S uav;b0wGi&Soifonfh rdbESivavmufaom qufo,r/_ tyef;ajzu f d h hf kH G f pm;cseEihf tjcm;uav;rsm;ESihf cspcif&if;ES;D aysmicsersm; rSavmufatmif d f S f f $f d f d wm;qD;[ef@wm;apaom tvkyfrsKd;jzpfonf? Ttyd'wif uav;rsm;tm; pD;yGm;a&;t& tjrwfxwjf cif;rS um k f G k uG,fay;&ef vdktyfonfhta=umif; azmfjyxm;onf? pD;yGm;a&;t& tjrwf xkwfjcif;qdkonfrSm tjcm;olrsm;'kuQa&mufatmifvkyf+yD;rS udk,fhpD;yGm;wdk; wufatmif aiGmjcif;jzpfonf? uav;rsm;tm; ul;oef;a&mif;0,fjcif;/ jynfh S wefqmvkyfief;rsm;odk@ twif;t=uyfoGwfoGif;jcif;wdk@onf pD;yGm;a&;t&t jrwfxkwfjcif;rsm;yifjzpfonf? xdk@jyif uav;tm;awmif;&rf;cdkif;jcif;/ tjcm; olypPnf;rsm;udk cdk;0Sufcdkif;jcif;wdk@onfvnf; pD;yGm;a&;t& tjrwfxkwfjcif; ajrmufonf? uav;vkyftm;jzifhSmazGxm;aom 0ifaiGrsm;tm; uav;t wGuf oD;oef@z,fxm;jcif;rSdbJ toHk;yjcif;onfvnf; pD;yGm;a&;tjrwf xkwfjcif;jzpfonf? uav;okyfaqmifrsm;/ uav;*DwynmSifrsm;ESifh u av;tm;upm;orm;rsm;udk uav;.taumif;qHk;tusKd;udk riJhuGufbJ ap cdkif;jcif;udkvnf; uav;tay: pD;yGm;a&;tjrwfxkwfjcif;[k ac:Edkifonf? uav;rsm;tm; vkyftm;apcdkif;jcif;ESifhywfoufI EdkifiHawmftpdk; &u enf;vrf;oHk;rsKd; vkyfaqmifEdkifa=umif; ,cktydk'fwGif qdkxm;onf? xdk enf;vrf;oHk;rsKd;rSm (1) tvkyfvkyfcGifhyonfh uav;.toufudk owfrSwf ay;jcif; (2) uav;wa,muf tvkyvyEionfh tvkycseEihf vkyief;cGit f k f kd f f dfS f f ajctaersm;udk pnf;urf;rsm; xkwjf yefowfrwjf cif;/ (3) uav;vkyom;ap S f cdi;f r_qi&m pnf;rsO;f Oya';rsm;udk csK;d azmufaomukr%rsm;tm; jyif;xefpm k kd f ` D G ta&;,ljcif;wdk@jzpfonf? uav;oli,frsm; tcGifhta&;pmcsKyf ray:aygufrDuyif tvkyfo rm;rsm;. tcGifhta&;rsm;udk jyXmef;xm;onfh tjynfjynfqdkif&m tvkyfo 123
CRC.pmd 123 3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
rm;tzJ@G csKyfraeI tvkyvycihf yonfh toufowfrwcsuqi&m oabm S f k fG S f f kd f wlpmcsKyfudk jyXmef;cJh+yD;jzpfonf? ,ckuav;pmcsKyfwGif uav;rsm;tm; t vkyvycihf yonftoufukd wdwususazmfjyxm;jcif;rSaomfvnf; Ediit f k fG h d d kfH pdk;&rsm;taejzifh xdktjynfjynfqdkif&m tvkyform;tzJG@csKyf. oabmwl pmcsKyfudk udk;um;usifhoHk;Edkifonf? xdkpmcsKyft& tcsdefjynfhtvkyfvkyfcGifhy xm;aom uav;.toufonf(15)ESpfjzpf+yD; qif;&JaomEdkifiHrsm;wGif t ouf(14)ESpfxufri,f&[k owfrSwfxm;onf? odk@aomf touf(13)ESpf jynfh+yD;aom uav;rsm;udk olwdk@.usef;rma&;ESifh zHG@zd;wdk;wufr_udk rxd cdu/f ausmif;ynmoif,ruvnf; taESmuft,Surjzpfapaom oufom k l _ kd f onfhvkyfief;rsKd;wGif tcsdefydkif;taeESifh vkyfudkifcGifhyxm;onf? uav;rsm; txl;ojzifh zHG@zd;wdk;wufqJEkdifiHrsm;Sd uav;rsm;onf rdom;pk&yfwnfa&;twGuf tvkyfvkyf&efvdktyfonfhtwGuf uav;rsm; tm; tvkyfapcdkif;jcif;tm; ydwfyifwm;qD;r_onf trSefwu,fvufawG@ usyghrvm;[k apm'uwufcJh=uonf? vltawmfrsm;rsm;u Oya'w&yf jy Xmef;Hkoufoufjzifh uav;rsm;tm; tvkyfapcdkif;jcif; ryaysmufoGm;Edkif[k axmufjy=uonf? xd@k a=umifh rdom;pkp;D yGm;a&;=uyfwnf;r_ukd tajzSmonfh taejzifh rdom;pkwdkif; pm;0wfaea&;zlvHkonfh tqifhtwef;a&mufatmif zefwD;ay;&efvdktyfa=umif; qdk=uonf? kd uav;vkytm; apcdi;f jcif;jy\emudk txl;&ifqif uHawG@ae&aom f k Ediirsm;wGif trsm;qH;k ud;yrf;vkyaqmifavhonfrm uav;vkytm; apcdi;f kfH f dS S f k jcif;rsm;xJrS tcsKd aomapcdi;f r_trsK;d tpm;rsm; wjznf;jznf;ESihf yaysmufom; k G atmif ud;yrf;tm;xkwfjcif;jzpfonf? tqd;k 0g;qH;k aom uav;vkytm;apcdi;f r_onf uav;rsm;. omref f k uav;b0udk taESmuft,Sujf zpfapHomru uav;.ynma&;/ ud,cE<m k k f zH@G zd;wd;k wufrw@kd uyg xdcuapEdionf? xd@k jyif rawmfwq xdcu'%f&m&r_ _ kd kd f k f kd f ESihf "mwkaA' aq;0g;rsm;a=umifh a&m*grsm;&Sum b0woufwmvH;k vlpOfr d rDjzpfapEdkifonf? xdkodk@ tqdk;0g;qHk;aom uav;vkyftm;apcdkif;r_rsKd;rsm;rS 124
CRC.pmd
124
3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
uav;udkumuG,fay;&efrSm Ttydk'f(32)wGif yg0ifonfh vkyfaqmifay;& rnfh t&mtm;vH;k udk vkyaqmifay;jcif; r[kwonfwiatmif ta&;}uD;vS f f h kd f aom ajcvSr;f wvSr;f vSr;f vdujf cif;yifjzpfonf? Ttyd'wif qdxm;onht k kf G k f wdkif; uav;rsm;tm; vkyftm;apcdkif;aejcif; wckvHk;udk vHk;0yaysmufoGm; atmif vkyfaqmifaeaomumvtwGif; apcdkif;cHae&aom uav;rsm;tm; wwfEioaG use;f rma&;apmifaSmufrrsm; axmufyay;jcif;/ t[m&vHvkH kd f h _ Hh k avmufavmufjzpfatmif ulnay;jcif;/ vHvkH cHcH tem;,lci&atmif zefw;D D k G hf ay;jcif;ESifh tcsdefydkif;ynmoif=um;Edkifatmif vkyfaqmifay;jcif;wdk@udkvnf; vkyfaqmifoifhonf[k tcsKduqdkonf?
125
CRC.pmd 125 3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
tyd'f (33) k
uav;ESihf rl;,pfaq;0g;tvJo;kH pm;vkyrKS G f
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CRC.pmd
126
3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
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CRC.pmd 127 3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
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128
CRC.pmd 128 3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
tyd'f (34) k
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CRC.pmd 129 3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
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CRC.pmd
130
3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
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CRC.pmd 131 3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
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132
CRC.pmd 132 3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
tyd'f (35) k
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CRC.pmd 133 3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
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134
CRC.pmd 134 3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
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CRC.pmd 135 3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
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136
3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
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137
CRC.pmd 137 3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
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3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
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CRC.pmd 139 3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
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CRC.pmd
140
3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
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CRC.pmd 141 3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
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CRC.pmd
142
3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
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CRC.pmd 143 3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
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CRC.pmd
144
3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
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CRC.pmd 145 3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
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146
CRC.pmd 146 3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
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CRC.pmd 147 3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
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CRC.pmd
148
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149
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3/11/2005, 7:19 PM
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CRC.pmd 156 3/11/2005, 7:19 PM

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