You are on page 1of 6

zGJ@pnf;yHktajccHOya'ESifh vlxk.

tcef;u tydkif;(19)
qdk&S,f 'Drdku&ufwpf0g'&SKa'gifh rS zGJ hpnf;yHktajccHOya' udk csnf;uyfjcif;? zGJ@pnf;yHktajccHOya'wdkif;[m edkifiHa&;tawG;tac:t,ltqw&yf&yfudk wenf;enf;eJ@xif [yfavh &Sda}umif; rdwfqufaz:jycJhjyD;ygjyD? 'D wywfrSm qufvufwifjyrSmuawmh qdk&S,f'Drdku&ufwpf 0g'&SKa'gifhuae jzpfygw,f? qdk&S,f'Drdku&ufwpf0g'[m vpfb&,f0g'eJ@ qdk&S,fvpf0g'rSm&SdwJh tm;enf; csufudkawGudk a&Smif&Sm;jyD; if;wdk@wckjcif;pDrSm&SdwJh tm;aumif;csufawGudk &,lpkaygif;xm;w,fvdk@ajym edkifygw,f? qdkvdkjcifwmuawmh qdk&S,f'Drdku&uf0g'[m wOD;csif;tay: tav;xm;ayr,fh vpfb&,f0g' rSm&SdwJh wOD;csif;tay:t"duxm;vGef;rSKudk rusifhoHk;bl;? 'gayr,fh yk*~vduvGwfvyfcGifhukd umuG,f apmifhaSmufw,f? Sifoef&yf wnfcGifhay;w,f? jrifwifcGifhay;w,f? jyD;awmh vl@tzGJ@tpnf;ajymif; vJ bdk@}udK;pg;aqmif&Gufwmudk vufcHayr,fh qdk&S,fvpf0g'rSmvdk t}urf;bufajymif;vJwmwdk@/ wdkif;jynf&J h ukefxkwft&if;teSD;awGudk edkifiHydkiftjzpfxm;jyD; vnfywfwmwdk hpwmawGudk vufrcHbl;? qdk&S,fvpf0g'u xifxif&Sm;&Sm; rD;armif;xdk;jywJh wef;wlnDrSsa&; t,ltqudk qdk&S,f'Drdku &uf0g'ucH,lw,f? pD;yGm;a&;udpPawGrSm wwfEkdifor#xdef;! dSbdk@}udK;pg;w,f? wkdif;jynfwGif;rSm qif;&J/ csrf;om uGmjcm;rSK enf;edkiforSs enf;atmifaqmif&Gufw,f? a&m,SufpD;yGm;a&;pepfukdtm;ay;w,f? tJ 'guawmh wzufrSm jynfolawG&J hpD;yGm;vkyfykdifcGifhukd vGwfvyfpGmcGifhjyKxm;jyD; tjcm;wbufrSmvJ o,f ,lykdaqmifa&;/ b%fvkyfief;/ tpSdojzifh t"duuswJh vkyfief;tcsKdukd tpdk;&u qufvufukdifwG,f vkyf udkifw,f? qdk&S,f'Drdku&ufwpf0g'atmufrSm rwlwJhvlrsKd;awG&J@ ,Ofaus;r_/ ynma&;rsm; vkyf aqmifcGifh tygt0if olwdk h&J h &yfwnfSifoefzGH+zdK;rSKukd tpkd;&uae umuG,fapmifhaSmufa&;udk usifhoHk; w,f? vpfb&,f0g'udk t"duudkifpGJwJh wdkif;jynfawGrSm tpdk;&&J htcef;uudk wwfedkiforSsavSsmh cs bdk@}udK;pg;w,f? tpdk;&u vlxkudk

edkifiHa&;vGwfvyfcGifhawG/ pD;yGm;a&;vkyfydkifcGifhawG/ vHkjcHKrSK tumt uG,fawG ydkjyD;ay;bdk h}udK;pg;wJh wJhenf;awGeJ hwdkif;jynfudk wnfaqmufw,f? wzufu 'Dvdk tcGifhta&; awGydkjyD;&wJhtwGuf vlxk[m olwdk h&J hynma&;/ usrRma&;/ vlrSKa&;awGudk olwdk hudk,fwdkifu t"du wm0ef,l}u&w,f? 'Dvdk tajccHawGeJ h zGJ hpnf;yHktajccHOya'awGudk csnf;uyf}uw,f? vdktyfwJh jyXmef; csuf awGxnfhoGif; }u&w,f? om"utm;jzifh tar&duefjynfaxmifpk/ uae'g/ *smreD/ jyifopf/ *syef p wJh wdkif;jynfawGjzpf}uw,f? qdk&S,f'Drdku&uf0g'udk t"duudkifpGJwJh wdkif;jynfawGrSm tpdk;&&J h tceff;uudk vpfb&,f0g' xufydkjyD; vufcHw,f? tpdk;&u vlxk&J hynma&;/ usrRma&;/ vlrSKa&;awGudk t"du wm0ef,l&w,f? vlxkxHuae tcGefaiGawG wdk;wufaumufcHjyD;awmh &vmwJhbmaiGawGeJ@ vlxktwGuf aq;k/H ausmif;/ vltdkkH/ tcrJh aq;0g;ukocGifh pwmawGudkd xda&mufpGm wm0ef,lwJhpepfeJ haz:aqmifw,f? aemfa0/ qGD'if/ 'def;rwf pwmawG[m qdk&S,f'Drdku&uf0g'udk t"duudkifpGJjyD; wnfaqmufoGm; }uwJh wdkif;jynfawGtjzpf urBmrSmxif&Sm;w,f? tJ'D wdkif;jynfawGteuf qGD'if edkifiHta}umif;udk wifjy vdkygw,f? qdk&S,f'Drdku&ufwpf0g'aemufcHuae vlxk&J hynma&;/ usrRma&;/ vlrSKa&; tajccHawGudk wdkif;jynfu wm0ef,l&r,fh jyXmef;csufrsdK;udk qGD'if edkifiH&JzGJ@ pnf;yHktajccHOya'rSm xnfhoGif;xm;w,f? zGJ hpnf;yHktajccHOya'rSmygwJh jyXmef;csufudk udk;um;jyD; vlxk&J hynm a&;/ usrRma&;/ vlrSKa&; awGudk xd a&mufpGmwm0ef,l az:aqmifedkifb@dk tjcm;Oya'rsm;rSmvnf; tao;pdyfqufvuf jyXmef;xm;w,f? vufawG hvnf; woa0 rwdrf; vdkufemaqmif&Gufa}umif; awG h&w,f? edkifiHa&;tawG;tac:t,ltq aemufcHudk zGJ hpnf;yHktajccHOya'/ tjcm;Oya'rsm;eJ h tnD 'Dvdk az: aqmifvmwJh tcgrSm qGD'ifedkifiH[m eSpfaygif;w&mtwGif; Oa&myrSm tqif;&JqHk;edkifiHwcktjzpf uaeurBmrSm tcsrf;omqHk;edkifiHawGxJuwcktjzpfudk ajymif;vJoGm;cJhw,f? qGD'if[m trsdL;orD;awG tay: vlrSKa&;apgihfa&SmufrSKeJ h vlxkw&yfvHk;tay:usrRma&;apgifha&SmufrSKrSm

urBmrSmxdyfwef;/ uav; aoeKef; enf;vGef;/ vl houfwrf;jrifhrm; vGef;a}umif; avhvm&w,f? toufw&mjynfh arG;ae husif;y wmawG[m qGD'ifrSm rqef;awmhbl;? uav;wdkif; toufwq,hfajcmufeSpftxd pg;0wfaea&;vHk avmufapr,fh aiGa}u;udk wdkif;jynfu axmufyHhw,f? touf wq,fhajcmufeSpfausmfoGm;&ifvnf; ol ynmqufoifjciforSsumvywfvHk; tpdk;&qDuae aiGacs;cGifh &Sdw,f? acs;vdk@&wJh aiG[mvnf; ynm qufoifcGifh&atmif vHkavmufw,f? ynmoifjyD;vdk h tvkyf&wJhtcgusrS acs;aiGudk jyefqyf&w,f? jyef qyfwJh tcgrSmvnf; 0efxkyf0efydk;rjzpf&atmif vpg0ifaiGxJuae enf;enf;csif;pDom jzwf,lwmrsdK; jzpfw,f? toufajcmufq,fhig;eSpf t&G,fa&mufjyD;wJh vltdkwdkif; yifpifaxmufyHha}u;&w,f? &wJhyifpif aiG[mvnf; ol h&J htajccHpg;0wfaea&; vHkavmufw,f? cav;awG/ rdef;rawG/ vlemawGeJ@ vltdkawG[m qGD'ifedkifiHrSm cHpg;cGifh trsm;qHk;&Sd}uw,f/ vlrSK a&;t& apgifha&SmufcHcGifh trsm;qHk;&}uw,fvdk h ajymedkifw,f? 'g[mbma}umifh jzpfwmvJ? a&Smifwcif jzpfvm wmr[kwfbl;? wdkif;jynftkyfcsKyfcGifh&wJh tpdk;&awGu pdwful;ayguf&m A&rf;Awm/ pdwfxifwdkif; a&SmufvkyfjyD; uHaumif;vdk hjzpfvmwmr[kwfbl;? qdk&S,f'Drdku&uf0g'qdkwJh edkifiHa&;tawG;tac: t,l tq tajccHuae Oya'pepfw&yfudk wnfaqmuf/ zGJ hpnf;yHktajccHOya'eJ htjcm;Oya'rsm; jyXmef;jyD; pepfwus taumiftxnfaz:cJh}uwma}umifh jzpfygw,f? udkif; 'gjzifh&if uGsefawmfwdk@jrefrmedkifiHudk b,fvdkedkifiHa&;pepf tajccHeJ@ wnfaqmufrvJ? wnf aqmufr,fh edkifiHa&; pepftajccHudk zGJ hpnf;yHktajccHOya'u b,fvdk xif[yfrvJ? zGJ@pnf;yHktajccHOy a'qdkif&mrlawG ra&;qGJcifrSm 'DudpPawGudk ta}utvnfaqG;aEG;}u&rSmyg? usif;yjyD;qHk;oGm;jyDjzpfwJh etz&J trsdK;om;nDvmcHrSm etz pdwf}udKufa&G;cs,fapv$wfxm;wJh udk,fpg; vS,fqdkwJh yk*~dKvfawG aqG;aEG;oGm;}uyHkawGudk vufvSrf;rDorSs tao;pdyfavhvm}unhfygw,f? b,fedkifiHa&; tawG;tac: t,ltqudk zGJ hpnf;yHktajccHOya'rlawGxJrSm b,fvdk xif[yfoifhw,f qdk wm*Ce% wdwdusus b,folrS aqG;aEG;oGm;wmr}um;rdyg? ta&Sawmiftm&SedkifiHawGxJrSm jrefrm edkifiHu vlxkawG[m edkifiHa&;tawG;tac:t&

edrfhususefcJhwmrsdL;r[kwf/ xufjrufwJh edkifiHa&;acgif; aqmifawGvJ tajrmuftrsm; &SdygvSsuf bma}umifh 'DvdkjzpfwmvJ? (1) etz&J trsdL;om;nDvmcHrSm vGwfvyfwJh edkifiHa&;ygwD}uD;awG wckrSswufcGifhr&}uyg? (2) wufcGifh&}ujyD; tawG ht}uHK&SdwJ hedkifiHa&;acgif;aqmif/ wdkif;&if;om;acgifaqmif wcsdK h[m vnf; etz xdrf;csKyfxm;wJh pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;awG&J hatmufrSm wkwfwkwfrSs rvSKyfedkif atmif jzpfcJh}u&w,f? (3) zGJ hpnf;yHkrlcsrSwfwJh eSpfaygif;rsm;pGmtwGif;rSm owif;rD'D,mawG[mvnf; csKyfudkifcHxm;&/ zGJ hpnf;yHkrla&;qGJwJh jzpfpOfw&yfvHk;udk 5/ 96 Oya'udk oHk;jyD;vlxkeJ hpnf;jcm;cHxm;&/ wyf rawmf&J htcef;uudkom ae&mrsdL;pHkrSm ZGwfxnhfoGif;bdk hv$rf;rdk;cHcJh& pwmawGa}umifh jzpfygw,f? trsdL;orD;awG/ cav;awG/ vlemawG/ vltdkawGudk vlrSKa&;t& ulnDapgifha&Smufedkifbdk@ zGJ hpnf;yHk tajccHOya'rSm b,fvdkxnfhoGif;jyXmef;oifhw,f qdkwmawGudk edkifiHa&; tawG;tac:t,ltq tajc cHeJ haqG;aEG;jcif;/ rlcsrSwfjcif; bmwckrSs r&SdcJhygbl;? 'Dawmh ynma&;/ usrRma&;/ vlrSKa&; udpPawGrSm vlxk twGuf bmwckrS a&a&&m&mr&SdwJh rlawGom ay:xGufvmwmudk awG h&ygw,f? etz&J h atmufygrl awGudk avhvm}unfhyg? rdcifrsm;/ uav;oli,frsm;eSifh udk,f0efaqmiftrsdL;orD;rsm;onf Oya't&owfrSwfxm; aom tcGifhta&;rsm;udk tnDtrSs cHpg;cGifh&Sdonf? Oya't& owfrSwfw,fqdkwmbmvJ? bmtajccHeJ howfrSwfrSmvJ? aemif ay:aygufvmr,hf Oya'jyKtzGJ h[m rdcifawG/ uav;oli,fawG/ udk,f0efaqmif trsdL;orD;awG&J h b,fvdk tcGifhta&;awG udk rxdyg;ap&/ odk@r[kwf b,fvdkaz:aqmifay;&r,fqdkwmrsdL; bmwckrS rygwma}umifh Oya'xJrSm owfrSwfjcifovdk owfrSwfawmhr,fqdkwm aA'if ar;p&m rvdkawmhtcsuf jzpfvmygw,f? edkifiHom;wdkif;onf edkifiHawmfu csrSwfxm;aom ynma&;qdkif&mrl0g'rsm;eSifh tnD ynmoif }um;ydkifcGifh&Sdonf? Oya'jzifh

jyXmef;onfh roifrae& tajccHynmrsm;udk oif}um;&rnf? edkifiHom;wdkif;onf edkifiHawmfu csrSwfxm;aom usef;rma&;qdkif&m rl0g'rsm;eSifh tnD usrf; rma&;apgifha&SmufrSKcH,lcGifh &Sdonf? zGJ hpnf;yHktajccHOya'qdkwm edkifiHom;awG&J htajccHvGwfvyfrSK tcGifhta&;awGudk aemifay: aygufvmr,fh tpdk;&awGu 0ifa&mufaeSmuf,Sufjcif;r&dSatmif umuG,fjyXmef;&wJh oabm (Negative Rights) eJ h edkifiHom;awGtwGuf tpdk;&awGu tjyKoabm az:aqmifay;&r,hf oabm (Positive Rights) awGudk aygif;pyfjyXmef;&wmjzpfygw,f? edkifiHawmfqdkwJh acgif;pOfeJ htrnfemrudk oHk;jyD; tpdk;&u csrSwfr,fh/ynma&;jzpfap/ usrf;rma&;jzpfap/ vlrSKa&;jzpfap oufqdkif&m rl0g'awGeJ h t nD vlxku cHpg;cGifh&Sdw,fqdkwmrsdL;udk vlxk&J htcGifhta&;awGudk tav;xm;wJh wurBmvHk;&Sd b,fzGJ h pnf;yHktajccHOya'rSmrS jyXmef;xm;jcif; r&Sdygbl;? zGJ hpnf;yHktajccHOya'qdkwm tpdk;&awG&J hrl0g'awGt a}umif; a&;p&m bmrSr&Sdyg? ekdifiHom;awG&J htajccHtcGifhta&;awGeJ h tkyfcsKyfrSK ,E,m; wnfaqmuf vnfywfyHkta}umif;awGudkom a&;&rSmjzpfygw,f? 'g[m ydwfqdk hwm;qD;xm;rSK trsdL;rsdL;a}umifh zGJ h pnf;yHktajccHOya'&J h oabmobm0udk avhvmcGifhr&wJh vlxk}uD;w&yfvHk;udk tcGifhta&;awG &r a,mifa,mifeJ h ydyd&d&d vdrfvnfxm;jcif;ygbJ? jrefrmedkifiHrSm tajccHvlxkawG&J@ ynma&;/ usrRma&;/ vlrSKa&; jyoemawG[m xdyfqHk;udk a&mufaejyD; a}umufcref;vdvd ,dk,Gif;usqif;aew,fqdkwm tm;vHk;todyg? xrif;pg;p&mr&Sdvdk@ udk,fh qHyifudk,f jzwfa&mif;vkduf&jyD; vlodrSm &SufwJhtwGuf bwfpfug;ay:rSm c&D;oGm;&if; qHyiftjzwfcH vdkuf&ygw,fvdk@ owif;v$ifhvdkuf&w,fqdkwJh rdef;cav;wa,muf&J ta}umif;udk }um;vdkuf&wJhtcg &ifxkremjzpfrd&ygw,f? rdbvkyfolawG qif;&JvGef;vdk@ udk,fhudk,fudka&mif;pg;jyD; vkyfa}uG;bdk@}udK;pg;wJh rdef;cav;awG/ w&kwfr,m;tjzpfcH,loGm;&wJh rdef;cav;awG/ xdkif;edkifiHbufa&mufvm tdrfaz:tjzpf vkyfudkif&if; rD;&SdK@owfjzwf/ rawmfrw&m;usifhcH&wJh rdef;cav;awG ta}umif;uvJ r}um;jciftqHk;yg bJ? etz &JzGJ@pnf;yHkrlawGrSmawmh trsdL;orD;awG/ uav;awG/ vlemawG/ vltdkawGudk vlrSKa&;/ ynma&;

usrf;rma&;t& apgifha&Smufaz:aqmifay;r,fh bmjyXmef;csufrSryg&Sd? olwdk@&J ycHk;awG/ OD;acgif; awGtay:rSm wufeif;jyD; ppfAdkvfawGeJ@ olwdk@vufyg;apawG atmifyef;yefr,fh zGJ@pnf;yHktajccHOya'om ay:aygufvmr,fh ta}umif;wifjy&if; ed*Hk;csKyfygw,f?

You might also like