CT147-Thc tp Truyn s liu

Bi 1 - Gii thiu

Bi 1: GII THIU
I. Mc ch: Sinh vin lm quen vi thit b v phng php thc hnh trn h m phng
LabVolt: LVSIM ACOM (Analog Communications) v LVSIM DCOM (Digital Communication).

II. Yu cu: Trong mn thc hnh ny, sinh vin s thao tc trn hai phn mm: LVSIM
ACOM, dng cho phn Analog Communication, v LVVL (LabVolt Virtual Lab), dng cho phn Digital Communication. Hon thnh bi thc hnh ny, sinh vin phi t c 2 yu cu sau: -

S dng thnh tho hai phn mm LVSIM ACOM v LVVL, nm c

nguyn tc hot ng ca cc Module.

Nm nguyn tc v s dng thnh tho cc thit b o: Oscilloscope, Spectrum Analyser, Frequency Counter v True RMS Voltmeter.

III. Gii thiu phn mm v hng dn s dng thit b:

1. Gii thiu cc phn mm LVSIM ACOM v LVVL:
a) Phn mm LVSIM ACOM: LVSIM ACOM l phn mm thit k cho vic m phng cc h thng thng tin AM v FM. Phn mm ny c thit k nh mt phng th nghim o. Hnh 1 l giao din ca chng trnh LVSIM ACOM.

Hnh 1: Giao din ca chng trnh LVSIM ACOM

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CT147-Thc tp Truyn s liu

Bi 1 - Gii thiu

m phng cc h thng thng tin AM, FM, LabVolt xy dng cc Module (c trnh by trn hnh 1). Mi Module thc hin chc nng ring, ging nh cc Module thc hnh trong phng th nghim. Cc Module ny c th c lit k tm tt nh sau: AM/DSB/SSB Generator: AM/DSB Receiver: SSB Receiver: Direct FM Multiplex Generator: Indirect FM / PM Generator: FM/PM Receiver: RF/Noise Generator: My b pht tn hiu AM, DSB v SSB My thu AM v DSB My thu SSB My pht FM Stereo trc tip My pht FM / PM My thu FM / PM My pht tn hiu cao tn v to nhiu.

Cc Module trn c xy dng gn ging vi cc thit b tht trong PTN: ging c v nguyn tc vn hnh cng nh cc c tnh in ca thit b v linh kin. Ngoi ra, dy tn s s dng cho bin iu AM/FM trong cc bi thc hnh cng c la chn trng vi dy tn s dng trong thc t. LVSIM ACOM cng xy dng my pht tn hiu v cc thit b o h tr th nghim, c th lit k tm tt nh sau: Dual Funtion Generator: Power Supply: Oscilloscope: Spectrum Analyser: Frequency Counter: True RMS Voltmeter: My pht tn hiu (Sin, vung, tam gic) B ngun My hin sng My phn tch ph My o tn s My o in p hiu dng

Kch hot chng trnh LVSIM ACOM 1.2, mn hnh giao din ca chng trnh s hin ra nh Hnh 3. Trn thanh Menu, ngoi cc nhm lnh quen thuc nh: File, Edit, Options v Help, cn c cc nhm lnh khc nh: Equipment: dng la chn v by ra mn hnh nhng Module c lin quan n bi thc hnh (khng ging nh trong Hnh 1, by ra mn hnh tt c cc Module). ly ra mn hnh 1 Module no , ta nhp Equipment v chn Module cn ly ri t n ra mn hnh (Trn hnh 3 cng m t tn ca tt c cc Module trong Menu Equipment).

Ch : Cc Module cng c th c ly ra t thanh cng c Equipment nh trong Hnh 3. Menu View v Tools c ni dung th hin trong Hnh 2. View dng bt/tt cc thanh cng c. Tools dng kch hot cc thit b o: Oscilloscope, my phn tch ph, my o tn s Hnh 2: Menu View v Tools Ghi ch: Chng trnh chy lu d trn b nh, khi , chng trnh t ng tt. Do , trnh mt thi gian, sinh vin nn thng xuyn lu vo a nhng ni dung ang thc hnh.

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CT147-Thc tp Truyn s liu

Bi 1 - Gii thiu

Cng c chn mu dy ni

Equipment

Cng tc ngun

Hnh 3: Mn hnh khi ng ca LVSIM ACOM S lc v nguyn tc hot ng ca cc Module: Hnh dng ca mt Module bt k c m t trong Hnh 4. Trong hnh l mach pht tn hiu AM/DSB/SSB. Ngoi ng vo v cc ng ra a tn hiu vo v ly tn hiu ra, ta cn thy cc im ni dy ti nhng im cn thit kho st tn hiu; Module cng cho php ngi dng c th thay i cc thng s ca mch nh: tn s, li Hnh 4 c ch thch cc im ni dy hoc im th (Test point) v cc nt chnh thay i cc thng s ca mch. Tt c cc Module khc cng c cu trc tng t. Cc im ni dy Cc nt chnh

Led ngun

Hnh 4: Giao din ca mt Module

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CT147-Thc tp Truyn s liu Di chuyn cc Module v cch ni dy:

Bi 1 - Gii thiu

Mt Module c th c di chuyn trn mn hnh bng cch dng chut tri ko n n ni cn di chuyn ti. Ch l cc Module ch di chuyn thnh cng nu n c di chuyn ti mt v tr "hp l", ngha l phi c im ta ph hp. Thao tc ni dy truyn tn hiu gia cc Module c thc hin nh sau: click chut tri vo im ni dy (im cn truyn tn hiu i), sau di chuyn chut v nhp vo im ni dy (im cn truyn tn hiu n). C th xa mt Module hay mt dy ni bt k bng cch nhp chn Module hay dy ni cn xo v g phm Delete. Ngoi cc thao tc trn, ta cng c th chnh sa hnh dng, mu sc ca dy ni v thay i im ni dyCc vn ny c m t trong Hnh 5.

Hp cng c chn mu dy: Nhp chn dy ni ri nhp vo mu cn i

im ni dy (im cn truyn tn hiu i)

Tr chut vo im ny vo ko chut thay i cong dy ni

Dng ca dy ni sau khi c nhp chut chn

Dng ca dy ni trng thi bnh thng

C th thay i im ni dy bng cch tr chut vo y (im cn thay i) v ko th vo im cn di chuyn n.

Hnh 5: Hng dn ni dy

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CT147-Thc tp Truyn s liu b) Phn mm LVVL (LabVolt Virtual Lab)

Bi 1 - Gii thiu

LVVL l mt phng th nghim o, c thit k dng trong vic m phng cc h thng thng tin s: ASK, FSK, PSK, PCM Giao din ca chng trnh c m t trong Hnh 6. Ging nh LVSIM ACOM, LVVL cng xy dng cc Module. Cc Module khi ly ra cng phi c t trn bn; dy ni tn hiu cng ging vi dy ni tht (xem hnh).

Ni ly cc Module

Ni ly cc thit b o

B ngun

Dy ni

Hnh 6: Giao din ca LVVL Cch s dng chng trnh ny cng ging vi chng trnh LVSIM ACOM; t vic ly cc Module ra n vic ni dy tn hiu. im khc bit y l cc Module phi c ly ra theo th t, hp logic. Chng hn, ci bn phi c ly ra trc; b ngun v cc Module phi c t trn bn ti v tr ph hp; i vi cc thit b nh phi c t trong gi . Ngoi cc thit b nh: B ngun, my pht tn hiu (Dual Funtion Generator) v cc thit b o. Cc Module ca LVVL c th c lit k tm tt trong hnh v sau (Hnh 7)

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CT147-Thc tp Truyn s liu

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B ngun My pht tn hiu B pht AM/FM v tn hiu nhiu B giao tip vi cc thit b o Gi cc Module B to xung B to chui tn hiu nh phn B to bit li My xc nh ngng Logic My o in p DC v ngun DC B lc thng thp B to tn hiu ng b dng cho cc h thng PAM, PWM, PPM B chn hoc ct cc bit TH s B lc nhiu My pht PAM / ASK My thu PAM / ASK My pht PWM / PPM My thu PWM / PPM B bin iu m xung (PCM) B hon iu PCM B to m vi phn DPCM B gii m vi phm DPCM Modem FSK B to PSK nh phn B gii m PSK nh phn B m ho Delta Gii m Delta u ni tr khng 50 u ni tr khng 600 Bn thit b u ni dy ch T

Hnh 7: Cc Module ca LVVL

2. S dng cc thit b o:
My pht tn hiu v cc thit b o ca chng trnh LVSIM ACOM v LVVL iu c giao din ging nhau. Phn ny s hng dn cch s dng my pht tn hiu v cc thit b o vi giao din ca chng trnh LVSIM ACOM, cc thao tc trn cc thit b ny khi thc hnh trn chng trnh LVVL cng hon ton tng t. My pht tn hiu - Dual Funtion Generator: My pht tn hiu c giao din nh Hnh 8. My pht c hai knh A, B. C hai knh c th pht cc tn hiu dng sin, vung, tam gic, rng ca to tn hiu sin, vung hay tam gic ng ra, click vo cc nt chn ca b phn Function. V d: Trn hnh 8, c hai knh A v B hin ang ch pht sng sin.

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CT147-Thc tp Truyn s liu

Bi 1 - Gii thiu

Tn s v bin ca cc tn hiu trn hai knh iu c th thay i c bng cch click chut vo cc nt chnh Frequency hay Output Level. V d: chnh tn s ca knh A, click vo nt chnh A ca b phn Frequency. Mt ca s Dual Funtion Generator ChA Frequency hin ra nh trong hnh 8; ca s ny cho php tng hay gim tn s ca knh A. Khi chnh tn s, ta cng c th quan st s thay i tn s trn ca s Output Frequency (Ca s ny trn Hnh 8 ang php quan st tn s knh A. C th chuyn sang knh B bng cch click vo nt B bn di). Ngoi ra, trn Dual Funtion Generator cn c b phn pht FM Frequency Modulation Channel A. B phn ny cho php bin iu FM knh A bng mt tn hiu ngoi (tn hiu knh A l sng mang; tn hiu bin iu c a vo Input. Output ca knh A lc ny l 1 sng FM). Trn y ch m t mt vi tnh nng quan trng, chi tit cc b phn khc c ch thch trong hnh 8.

Ca s quan st tn s knh A hoc B

Tinh chnh bin cc knh A v B

Cc nt chn dng tn hiu

Cc nt chn Cc nt thay i di tn bin cp th

Cng tc ngun

Hnh 8: Giao din Dual Funtion Generator

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CT147-Thc tp Truyn s liu My hin sng - Oscilloscope:

Bi 1 - Gii thiu

Cc ng vo ca Oscilloscope c t trn b phn giao tip (Virtual Test Equipment Enterface) nh Hnh 9. Virtual Test Equipment Enterface cha ng vo ca tt c cc thit b o nh: Oscilloscope, Spectrum Analyser, True RMS Voltmeter v Frequency Counter.
Oscilloscope My phn tch ph (Spectrum Analyser)

Ng vo tn hiu trigger dng chn mc thi gian

Ng vo Knh 1 Ng vo Knh 2 Ng vo my phn tch ph Ng vo my o Volt Ng vo my o tn s

Cng tc ngun Cng tc ang v tr on

Hnh 9: S ng vo ca cc thit b o m Oscilloscope, click chn Tools\Run Oscilloscope hoc click vo biu tng Oscilloscope trn thanh cng c. Hnh 10 l giao din ca Oscilloscope. Hot ng ca Oscilloscope c ch thch trong hnh. Sau y l mt vi im cn lu : C th chnh Oscilloscope hin th 3 ch : Dng, lun cp nht tn hiu vo v t ng iu chnh thang chia bin (ch thch trong hnh). Thng thng kho st tn hiu, ta phi chn Oscilloscope ch lun cp nht tn hiu vo. Phn Trigger - Source: chn mc thi gian chun l Channel 1, 2 hay ngun ngoi (Trn hnh 10, hin ang chn l channel 1). Phn Wave Form Data: Nu click vo cc nt V hay H ca phn Cursors, ri tr chut di chuyn cc vch vng v tm, ta s c mt vi thng tin v thi gian v bin ca tn hiu ca c hai knh trong bng s liu bn di. C th di chuyn theo chiu dc tn hiu ca c hai knh bng cch ko im mass ca hai tn hiu ln hoc xung (im mass nm bn tri mn hnh hin th).

Sinh vin tm hiu thm cc chc nng cn li ca Oscilloscope.

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CT147-Thc tp Truyn s liu

Chnh thang chia cp th

Bi 1 - Gii thiu
Chnh thang chia cp tinh

Dng hnh

Lun cp nht

T chnh bin

0.2V

Mass

0.15ms

Vng thng tin v thi gian v bin ca 2 tn hiu

Hnh 10: Giao din ca Oscilloscope My phn tch ph - Spectrum Analyser: Ng vo ca my phn tch ph c gii thiu trong Hnh 9. kch hot Spectrum Analyser, click chn Tools\Run Spectrum Analyser hoc click vo biu tng Spectrum Analyser trn thanh cng c. Ta c mn hnh giao din Spectrum Analyser nh Hnh 11. Cc chc nng c bn c ch thch trong hnh; phn Spectral Data - Cursors c chc nng ging vi Oscilloscope. Di y l vi im cn lu khi s dng Spectrum Analyser: C th di chuyn ph ca tn hiu bng cch tr chut v ko ph qua tri, phi. di chuyn chnh xc n mt tn s no , c th nhp gi tr tn s vo khung Center Frequency ri g Enter. phn Amplitude Scale, ta lun t ch Log. Ph hin th trn mn hnh l phn b cng sut ca tn hu, khng phi ph bin . Ch n v tnh cng sut l dBm: 0 dBm tng ng tn hiu c cng sut 1mW tnh trn tng tr 50.

Sinh vin tm hiu thm cc chc nng cn li ca Spectrum Analyser.

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CT147-Thc tp Truyn s liu

Bi 1 - Gii thiu

Chn di tn

Chnh thang chia tn cp th v tinh

2KHz

-5KHz

0KHz

5KHz

ln tn hiu vo

n v cng sut

Hnh 11: Giao din Spectrum Analyser

My o tn s-Frequency Counter, My o in p-True RMS Voltmeter: Kch hot Spectrum Analyser v True RMS Voltmeter, ta c giao din ca hai thit b trn Hnh 12 v Hnh 13.

Hnh 12: Giao din True RMS Voltmeter

True RMS Voltmeter c th o c in th hiu dng hoc cng sut (dBm) ca tn hiu. Ch l cng sut tn hiu c tnh trn tng tr 50. V d: trn, ta o c tr hiu dng l 0.289V. Ta c: Cng sut P =

0.289V 0.289V 1000 = 1.67042(mW ) 50

P(dBm) = 10 lg(1.67042) = 2.228dBm

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CT147-Thc tp Truyn s liu

Bi 1 - Gii thiu

C th iu chnh chnh xc ca php o bng cch chn cc nt trn mc Range.

i vi Frequency Counter (Hnh 13), ta c th o tn s hay chu k ca tn hiu. Tu theo mc chnh xc yu cu, ta c th chn chnh xc ca php o nh ch thch trn hnh.

Chn chnh

Chn bin tn hiu vo

Hnh 13: Giao din Frequency Counter

IV. Phn thc hnh:

1. S dng Oscilloscope:

S dng my pht tn hiu - Dual Funtion Generator: Ly tn hiu t hai knh A, B ca Dual Funtion Generator a vo ng vo ca Oscilloscope theo s kt ni Hnh 14. Chnh tn s knh A l 1KHz, knh B l 1.5KHz, bin va phi (thang bin 20dB v nt output level gia); Bt cng tt b ngun, my pht tn hiu v ca b Virtual Test Equipment Enterface ri m Oscilloscope quan st dng tn hiu. Chnh Oscilloscope c th quan st c tn hiu gc r nht.

Hnh 14: S kt ni tn hiu vo Oscilloscope

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CT147-Thc tp Truyn s liu Cu hi:

Bi 1 - Gii thiu

1. Chc nng ca Oscilloscope l g? Khi no cn s dng Oscilloscope? 2. Hy v li dng ca hai tn hiu quan st trn mn hnh Oscilloscope theo ng thang chia trn Oscilloscope. 3. Ghi ch thch y cc thng s m sinh vin iu chnh trn Oscilloscope: Thang chia (V/div) ca 2 knh (mc scale); trc thi gian (mc Time base). 4. Quan st trn Oscilloscope v cho bit bin nh ca tn hiu ang s dng l bao nhiu? Gii thch: bng cch no sinh vin c c kt qu . 5. Thay i tn s: knh A l 100Hz, knh B l 300Hz, thc hin li cc cu 1, 2, 3.
Ghi ch: hiu r hn cc nguyn tc hot ng ca Oscilloscope, sinh vin hy thay i cc thng s nh ch thch trong Hnh 10, thay i dng ca tn hiu vo trn Dual Funtion Generator v quan st nh hng ca s thay i ln s hin th tn hiu. 2. S dng Spectrum Analyser:

Kt ni Dual Funtion Generator vo Spectrum Analyser nh Hnh 15.

Spectrum Analyser

Hnh 15: Kt ni Spectrum Analyser Chn tn s Channel A l 5KHz, bin va phi (thang bin 20dB v nt output level gia). Bt cc cng tt ngun ri m Spectrum Analyser. Chn tr khng vo (Input Impedance) trn Spectrum Analyser l 50. Chnh Spectrum Analyser c th quan st c ph ca tn hiu gc r nht.
Cu hi:

6. Chc nng ca Spectrum Analyser l g? Khi no cn s dng Spectrum Analyser? 7. Hy v li dng ph ca tn hiu quan st trn mn hnh Spectrum Analyser theo ng thang chia trn Spectrum Analyser, ch thch r n v o trn hnh v. 8. Ghi ch thch y cc thng s m sinh vin iu chnh trn Spectrum Analyser: Tn s trung tm (Center Frequency), di tn (mc Range), thang chia tn s - Frequency
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CT147-Thc tp Truyn s liu

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Span (KHz/div), thang chia bin (Amplitude Scale) v ln tn hiu vo (Maximum Input). 9. Kt qu thu c trn c ph hp vi thc t khng? Ghi nhn xt v chnh xc ca thit b. 10. Thay i tn s knh A l 20KHz, thc hin li cc cu 5, 6, 7.
Ghi ch: hiu r hn cc nguyn tc hot ng ca Spectrum Analyser, sinh vin hy thay i cc thng s nh ch thch trong Hnh 11, thay i dng ca tn hiu vo trn Dual Funtion Generator v quan st nh hng ca s thay i ln ph tn hiu. 3. S dng True RMS Voltmeter:

Kt ni True RMS Voltmeter vi Dual Funtion Generator nh s Hnh 16. Chn tn s Channel A l 5KHz, bin va phi (thang bin 20dB v nt output level gia).

Hnh 16: Kt ni True RMS Voltmeter Bt cc cng tt ngun, bt True RMS Voltmeter.
Cu hi:

11. Hy o v ghi li bin hiu dng (Volt) ca tn hiu v cng sut (dBm). Ghi li chnh xc ca mi php o (mc Range).
4. S dng Frequency Counter:

Kt ni Frequency Counter vi knh A ca Dual Funtion Generator. Chn tn s Channel A l 10KHz, bin va phi (thang bin 20dB v nt output level gia). Bt cc cng tc ngun, bt Frequency Counter.
Cu hi:

12. Hy s dng Frequency Counter o v ghi li tn s ca tn hiu. Cho bit v tr cc nt chnh m sinh vin t trn Frequency Counter. 13. Hy s dng Frequency Counter o v ghi li chu k ca tn hiu. Cho bit v tr cc nt chnh m sinh vin t trn Frequency Counter.

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CT147-Thc tp Truyn s liu

Bi 1 - Gii thiu

14. Sinh vin hy tnh ton kt qu trn giy v kim chng vi kt qu o c thc t. Ghi nhn xt v mc chnh xc ca thit b. 15. Thay i tn s knh A l 1KHz, thc hin li cc cu 10, 11, 12.
Ghi ch: hiu r nguyn tc hot ng, sinh vin hy thay i cc thng s nh ch thch trong hnh, thay i dng, tn s, bin ca tn hiu vo v quan st nh hng ca s thay i ln ph tn hiu. 3. Ti liu tham kho: i vi phn mm LVSIM ACOM v LVVL: tm hiu su hn v cch s dng chng trnh, sinh vin c th vo mc Help v xem thm cc phim hng dn km theo cc chng trnh ny.

V l thuyt: C s l thuyt ca cc kiu bin iu AM, FM, PM, ASK, FSK, PSK, PCM, DPCM, DPSK trnh by k trong cc gio trnh C s vin thng, L thuyt tn hiu, Truyn s liu. Lin h Phng th nghim tham kho thm ti liu (v cc kiu bin iu AM, FM, PM, ASK, FSK, PSK, PCM, DPCM, DPSK) i km theo b th nghim LabVolt.

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