QUT V H THNG

LA CHN, S DNG V TNH TON

NGUYN HNG TM
Hiu nh v b sung

2006, 2011
(Dng cho SV Khoa C Kh Cng Ngh hc cc mn:
Bm Qut My nn, K thut Sy, K thut iu ha Khng kh)

MC LC
QUT v H THNG ....................................................................................................... 4
1

LI NI U ............................................................................................................... 4

CC KHI NIM V PHN LOI QUT ................................................................ 5

2.1

Qut hng trc (HT) .............................................................................................. 6

2.2

Qut ly tm(LT). ...................................................................................................... 8

2.3

Qut phi hp (MF,mixed flow, cn dch l hn lu, hn hp)............................ 10

2.4

Qut dng ngang trc (cross-flow fan ) ................................................................ 11

2.5

Chn qut ly tm hay hng trc ?....................................................................... 11

CC THNG S CA QUT v KHO NGHIM QUT................................ 12

3.1

Thng s hnh hc ................................................................................................. 12

3.2

Lng gi (lu lng khng kh) ......................................................................... 13

3.3

Ct p (pressure ) .................................................................................................. 14

3.3.1

Cc khi nim ................................................................................................. 14

3.3.2

o tnh p ....................................................................................................... 15

3.3.3

Lin h gia p sut tnh bng ct nc hN, v bng ct khng kh hKK .... 15

3.3.4

p k vi bu rng ......................................................................................... 16

3.3.5

p k vi nhnh nghing ............................................................................... 16

3.3.6

Cht lng khc nc ....................................................................................... 16

3.4

Dng c o : ng pitot ........................................................................................ 17

3.5

Cng thc gn ng tnh lu lng gi t ng p .......................................... 17

3.6

Cng sut qut (power, P, N) ................................................................................ 20

3.7

Hiu sut tnh (static efficiency) ........................................................................... 20

3.8

Hiu sut c (mechanical efficiency) ................................................................... 20

3.9

ngha ca hiu sut qut .................................................................................... 21

3.10

n .................................................................................................................. 21

3.11

ng c tnh qut (fan performance curves) ................................................ 22

3
3.12

Kho nghim qut ............................................................................................. 22

3.13

Tm quan trng ca qut v kho nghim qut ................................................. 24

TN P CA H THNG ....................................................................................... 25

4.1

Tn p trong ng................................................................................................... 25

4.2

Tn p cc b ........................................................................................................ 26

4.3

Tn p qua thit b u vo-ra: .............................................................................. 28

4.4

Tn p qua sn l (Henderson, 1943; theo Brooker et.al.) .................................. 28

4.5

Tn p qua lp ht ................................................................................................. 29

CC NH LUT V QUT................................................................................... 30

CHN QUT PH HP VI TN P H THNG ................................................ 31

6.1

ng c tnh qut h thng............................................................................. 31

6.2

Chn qut:.............................................................................................................. 33

TNH TON CC KCH THC CHNH CA QUT .......................................... 36

7.1

Tng quan .............................................................................................................. 36

7.2

Qut hng trc c hng dng (vane-axial fan) ................................................. 36

7.3

Qut ly tm cnh nghing hoc cong ra sau .......................................................... 38

MT S LU KHI LP T QUT.................................................................... 38

8.1

Qut HT: ................................................................................................................ 38

8.2

Qut LT.................................................................................................................. 39

KHO NGHIM QUT & O VN TC TRONG NG ....................................... 39

ng kho nghim qut v v tr o (JIS B8330) .................................................... 39

9.2

Tnh ton ................................................................................................................ 40

10

9.1

9.2.1

Theo phng php ng pitot .......................................................................... 40

9.2.2

Theo phng php l...................................................................................... 41

TI LIU THAM KHO ............................................................................................ 42

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NH Tm 2006 - 2011

QUT v H THNG

LI NI U

Qut l mt thit b c kh c s dng rng ri trong nhiu lnh vc vi nhiu

kiu dng khc nhau nhm vn chuyn khng kh t ni ny n ni khc p ng cc
yu cu trong sinh hot thng ngy, cc qu trnh ch bin trong nng - cng nghip;
trong cc h thng nung nng v lm mt, v trong cc nh my nhit in.
Qut c s dng rt nhiu, cc thit b ny hot ng c l nh thng qua
cc b truyn ng, nhn nng lng t cc ng c n hoc m t in vi cng sut t
vi Watt n vi trm kWatt, v vy chi ph nng lng cn chng hot ng l khng
nh, ti M chim khong 17% trong 80 triu kWh in tiu th hng nm trong lnh vc
cng nghip (USDOE-2006), do , nhm s dng hiu qu v gim chi ph nng lng
tiu th ny cn phi nng cao hiu sut ca qut v vn hnh h thng c s dng qut
mt cch hp l.
T lu hon thin cc c tnh ca qut cc Trng i hc, Vin nghin cu,
Cng ty ch to v cc k s thit k lun c gng hon thin qut c hiu sut cao hn
bng cch s dng cc k thut-cng ngh mi nht nh cc phn mm thit k, cc vt
liu v cng ngh ch to. Ngy nay vi s h tr ca my tnh v cc phn mm m
phng ng hc ca lu cht gip cc k s ti u qu cc dng chy ca khng kh
trong qut t thit k nhiu dng-kiu my khc nhau vi hiu sut thy lc tt nht.
Tuy nhin, vic chn la, lp t, s dng v vn hnh thit b hp l trong mt h
thng cng nh hng rt ln n hiu sut ca thit b ny. Khi chn v lp ng thit b
trong mt h thng, cc qut ny cn c vn hnh ti im hot ng (FOP) gn vi
im c hiu sut cao nht (BEP) ca qut do vy h thng hot ng s hiu qu hn, lm
gim chi ph nng lng tiu th, gim n v tng tui th cho thit b.
V vy bi vit ny nhm cung cp cho cc sinh vin Khoa C kh Cng ngh
trng i hc Nng Lm TP HCM, cc k s quan tm, v ngi s dng vn hnh c
kin thc chnh v qut nh cu to, nguyn l hot ng, phm vi s dng; cc thng s
hnh hc v c tnh cng nh cc yu t nh hng v cc tnh ton cn thit chn qut
v vn hnh chng trong mt h thng tng ng hiu qu nht; v cc hiu bit nhm
kim tra cc thng s k thut da theo cc tiu chun quc t thng dng nu cn.
Bi vit nhm phc v ging dy v chia s thng tin, s dng rt nhiu thng
tin t kinh nghim thit k kho nghim lp t s dng qut trong cc h thng my ca
tc gi, cng nh t cc ngun ti liu c nu trong phn ti liu tham kho, d c
gng vn c th thiu st, mi kin ng gp xin gi v
Thc s Nguyn Hng Tm, GVC Khoa C Kh Cng ngh, trng i hc Nng
Lm TP HCM, email hungtamng@yahoo.com hoc hungtamng@hcmuaf.edu.vn, hoc in
thoi di ng s 0913 900 676.

CC KHI NIM V PHN LOI QUT

C 4 loi qut thng gp:

- Qut hng trc
- Qut ly tm
- Qut phi hp
- Qut dng ngang trc

(axial-fan)
(centrifugal fan)
(mixed-flow fan)
(cross-flow fan)

Trong hai loi qut hng trc v ly tm c s dng nhiu nht trong cc h thng.
Mt h thng s dng qut c th bao gm nhiu cm chi tit c m t nh Hnh 1.

Hnh 1: H thng qut

Cm 1: Qut vi m t + truyn ng+ b bin tng iu khin tc .

Cm 2: Thit b u vo: b lc bi, cyclon, b trao i nhit
Cm 3: Thit b u ra: b lc bi, cyclon, hoc cc vt liu khc.nh lp ht.
Cm 4: H thng ng ng: ng ng, co, ni chuyn tip, v cc van
Mt h thng c th c cc cm k trn hoc mt phn, v vy cn nm r v h thng
c th s dng vn hnh qut hiu qu nht.

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NH Tm 2006 - 2011

2.1

Qut hng trc (HT)

Nh tn gi, dng kh chuyn ng song song dc theo hng trc qut, hng vo song
song vi hng ra. Nu dng in, r-to qut c th c lp trc tip trn trc ng c
in (Hnh 2.1). Nu dng ng c n, phi truyn ng qua dy ai (Hnh 2.2). Thc t,
d c in, i khi vn phi truyn ng gin tip, v mt s yu cu c bit khng th
m-t in trong dng khng kh.
Qut HT c 3 dng (Hnh 2.1):

Qut trc chong chng (propeller fan): Dng ging qut trn, khng c v (bc) qut
hoc v qut rt ngn. Dng cho thng gi chung tri, nh xng, c p sut to ra
rt thp ( h< 20mmH2O).

Qut trc ng (tube-axial fan, TAF): R-to qut nm trong v qut l mt ng di

(Hnh 2.1 v 2.2); to c p sut trung bnh (h= 20-50mmH2O).

Qut trc c hng dng (vane-axial fan, VAF): Khng kh qua khi r-to c nn
dng chy cho thng, trnh ri, nh th t tnh p v hiu sut cao hn.

Vi dng c hng dng, to p sut cao, c th ghp ni tip 2 r-to, thnh qut hng
trc 2 tng cnh (two-stage VAF). Hoc vi qut tube axial fan c th ghp 2 r to quay
ngc chiu (Hnh 2.4).

Hnh 2.1: Ba dng qut hng trc (trc chong chng ; trc ng ; v trc c hng dng)

Hnh 2.2: Qut hng trc dng trc ng

(a)

(b)

Hnh 2.3: Qut hng trc : (a) qut trc chong chng; (b) qut trc c hng dng

Hnh 2.4: Qut hng trc 2T: (a) qut VAF-2T; (b) qut TAF-2T

Mt s thng s ca qut HT (theo Bleier 1998).

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NH Tm 2006 - 2011

2.2

Qut ly tm(LT).

Cc cnh ca r-to ca qut ly tm c gi gia mt v vng gi . R-to nm trong

v qut vi chu vi theo dng xon c. Khng kh vo t ming ht qua vng , c cc
cnh ly tm ra v qut, v theo v thot ca ra. Nh vy, phng ca dng kh vo thng
gc vi phng ca dng kh ra (Hnh 3).

(a)

(b)

(c)
Hnh 3: Qut ly tm: (a) hnh lp ; (b) r-to ; (c) hnh tho ri

Nhm p ng cho nhiu cng dng khc nhau, qut ly tm c nhiu dng cnh cho r-to
lit k nh (Hnh 4a) s c nhc li trong phn chn qut.

Cnh cong ti FC
(Forward curved,
FC)

Cnh cong lui

Cnh nghing lui Cnh hng tm
(Backward curved, (Backward inclined, (Radial blade,
BC)
RB)
BI)
Hnh 4a: Mt s dng cnh ca qut ly tm:

u cnh hng
tm
(Radial tip, RT)

Hnh 4b: Mt s dng r to ca qut ly tm:

a/ Qut plenum
(khng c v ngoi)

b/ Qut ly tm c 2 ming
ht (DWDI)

c/ Qut cnh cong ti rng

Sirocco (WFC)

Hnh 4c: Mt s dng khc ca qut ly tm.

Plenum fan (Hnh 4c) l trng hp c bit ca qut ly tm khng c v ngoi thng gp
trong iu ha khng kh hoc cc kho lnh, my sy. Qut ly tm DWDI hoc WFC
thng dng vi cc yu cu lu lng ln.

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NH Tm 2006 - 2011

10

2.3

Qut phi hp (MF, mixed flow, cn dch l hn lu, hn hp)

L dng qut kt hp u im ca hai loi qut hng trc (lu lng ln ) v ly tm (p

sut cao, t n). Khng kh i vo nh vi qut hng trc, c r-to ly tm ra v, v
theo v thot ca ra (Hnh 5). Khc vi qut ly tm, hng khng kh ra trng vi hng
vo (ging qut hng trc). Loi qut ny c s dng cho mt s yu cu dung ha
gia qut hng trc v qut ly tm, ngha l c lu lng v p sut u kh cao

(a)
(b)
Hnh 5: Dng chy khng kh khc nhau gia qut hng trc (a), v qut phi hp (b).

R-to ca qut phi hp c hai dng: Dng 1 c vng gi. Dng 2 khng vng gi
(Hnh 6)

(a)

(b)
Hnh 6: Qut phi hp v r-to dng 1 c vng gi (a); v r-to dng 2 (b) khng vng gi

11

2.4

Qut dng ngang trc (cross-flow fan )

R-to ging nh qut ly tm, vi cnh cong ti rng (wide forward curved). Nhng v
qut c x dc (Hnh 7) nn dng khng kh khng i hng thng gc nh qut ly
tm, m chy ngang qua trc qut. Loi qut ny c s dng kh nhiu trong iu h
khng kh; c im l lu lng ln, tnh p thp v t n, nhng hiu sut thp.

Hnh 7: Qut dng ngang trc (cross-flow fan )

2.5

Chn qut ly tm hay hng trc ?

y l vn thng c t ra nhiu nht cho h thng. Cu tr li l ty lu lng, p

sut v s vng quay. Vi thit k n gin v ch to th cng, th cng cng sut, nu
tnh p nh hn 500 Pa nh trng hp my sy tnh, qut hng trc cho lng gi cao
hn, ngha l nh gn hn m hiu sut cao hn. S dng qut ly tm khi cn p sut ln
hn 600Pa, v d my sy vi lp ht dy hn 2 m, hoc my sy tng si... Hnh 8 minh
ha vi cc qut LT c cnh thng nghing lui (BI) v HT 2 tng cnh c cng ng knh
l 1100mm v cng vng quay n =960 v/ph.
Nhn xt:
Qut HT nh gn c hiu sut tnh cao nht 55-60% ng vi tnh p 70-80mmH2O. thch
hp cho cc h thng c tn p nh hn 70mm H2O vi lu lng 9-11m3/s. nu vt qua
mc p ny qut HT hot ng khng n nh. Qut LT c hiu sut tnh cao nht 60-65%
ng vi tnh p 110-120mmH20. ph hp vi h thng c tn p 100-120mmH2O vi lu
lng 7-9m3/s, nu s dng mc tn p thp 50-70mmH2O nhm t lu lng 9-10m3/s
s c hiu sut thp hn (40%) v t n nh.
Ngoi ra, mt s yu t khc cng nh hng n s la chn. Gi thnh ch to qut
hng trc r hn qut ly tm, gp phn h chi ph u t, ngc li, qut hng trc gy
ting n ln hn qut ly tm.

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NH Tm 2006 - 2011

12

Hnh 8: c tuyn qut LT v HT c cng D v n (NH Tm 2010)

(Qut LT nt lin m; qut HT nt t on)

Vi H, N,Ti, dB l Tnh p, Cng sut, Hiu sut tnh v n.

CC THNG S CA QUT V KHO NGHIM QUT

chn v s dng qut cho ph hp vi h thng, cn hiu mt s nguyn tc v cc

thng s c bn, gm cc thng s hnh hc (kch thc ) v cc thng s c tnh (lu
lng go, tnh p, cng sut, hiu sut...). Cc phng php kho nghim qut nhm xc
nh ng c tnh m t mi quan h ca cc thng s c tnh, bng cc dng c o
thch hp.
Ghi ch: vit gn, ta gi "GI" l lung khng kh chuyn ng do qut to ra.

3.1

Thng s hnh hc

Cc thng s hnh hc ca qut th hin Hnh 9, 10, bao gm cc kch thc chnh nh:
Vi qut HT l ng knh rotor Dro, ng knh trng Dtr, ng knh v Dvo, t
s Dtr/Dro, Khe h u cnh, gc t cnh .
Vi qut Li tm l ng knh rotor D2 , ng knh ming ht D1 , t s D1/D2,
B rng r to B1, B2, Gc t cnh , B rng v B, m v A.

13
Cc thng s ny nh hng trc tip n cc thng s c tnh ca qut nh lu
lng Q, ct p H, cng sut N, n dB v hiu sut .
ng knh r to :

Dro

ng knh trng:

Dtr

ng knh v quat:

Dvo

Khe h u cnh < 0,15 chiu di cnh

Gc t cnh

Cnh nn dng
Chiu di ng vo L1 > 0,2 *Dtr
Chiu di v

L2 > 0,7 *Dtr

Bn knh loe vo

R > 0,26 * Dro

Hnh 9: Cc thng s hnh hc ca qut hng trc

ng knh r to: D2
ng knh ming ht : D1
B rng r to: B1, B2
Gc t cnh :
B rng v:

m v :

Cc bn knh
R1, R2, R3, R4 to v
Hnh 10: Cc thng s hnh hc ca qut ly tm

Vi qut HT c cng ng knh Dro, v s vng quay n: tnh p ca qut tng khi t s
Dtr/Dro tng, lu lng tng khi tng gc t cnh , v hiu sut gim khi khe h u cnh
tng; khe h ny cng nh cng tt tuy nhin b gii hn ph thuc vo vt liu v cng
ngh ch to. Ngc li vi qut ly tm c cng ng knh D2, v s vng quay n tnh p
gim lu lng tng khi t s D1/D2 tng, v tnh p tng cn ty theo dng cnh v gc
nghing cnh v pha trc. Khi tng b rng r to lu lng tng, tnh p khng i.

3.2

Lng gi (lu lng khng kh)

Lu lng (khng kh) th tch thng gi l lu lng Q l th tch khng kh chuyn

ng qua qut trong mt n v thi gian. n v o l m3/s, m3/gi, hoc cfm (ft3/pht)
trong h Anh M c, qui i 1000 cfm = 0,47 m3/s 0,5 m3/s.
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NH Tm 2006 - 2011

14
Q = v * A

vi:

v = vn tc trung bnh ca dng kh ti mt o,

m/s.

A = din tch mt o vn tc, vung gc vi dng kh,

m2

Qui i t lu lng Q [m3/s] ra lu lng khi G [kg/s] :

LuLngKhi G [kg/s] = LuLng Q [m3/s] / ThTchRing[m3/kg]

3.3

Ct p (pressure )

3.3.1

Cc khi nim

Tnh p (p hoc ps, static pressure) l p sut cn thit dng kh thng sc cn ca

ng ng, v ca khi vt liu... Tnh p trong bung cng tng t nh tnh p lm cng
tri bng hoc rut xe p. n v o tnh p l pascal (Pa); khng vit Pascal hoc
paxcan. Nu biu th vi n v o l mm nc (mmH2O), dng k hiu h hoc hH2O.
1 pascal (1 Pa) = 1 N/m2 ; 1mm H2O = 9,8 Pa 10 Pa.
ng p (pd , dynamic pressure ) l p sut cn dng khng kh di chuyn c vi
vn tc v.
ng p v tnh p c tnh xut pht t phng trnh Bernoulli ti hai v tr 1 v 2:
v12
p1
v2
p2
+
+ Z1 = 2 +
+ Z2
2g
2g
k g
k g
vi :

: dung trng khng kh ;

g:

gia tc trng trng.

Z1 v Z2 : v tr cao ca im 1 v im 2
Gi: Tng p [m] =

v2
2g

p
k g

= ng p [m] + Tnh p [m]

Vi cht kh Z1 Z2
Tng p [m] =
n v :

v12
p1
+
2g
k g

p2
v22
+
2g
k g

p sut = o bng chiu cao ct khng kh

[m]

= vn tc dng kh

[ m/s ]

= p sut tnh

[ Pa ]

= khi lng ring lu cht, y l khng kh,

[ kg/m3 ]

Suy t cng thc ny: Khi vn tc gim, ng p gim, th tnh p tng.

15
Cng thc tng ng:
n v :

3.3.2

Tng p [Pa] =

v2
+ gh
2

p sut =

[ Pa ]

= chiu cao ct khng kh

= 9,81 m s-2

[m]

o tnh p

Hnh 10.a : p k ch U

Hnh 10.b : p k ch U o tnh p

Tnh p l hiu s gia p sut trong bung v p sut kh tri. Tnh p tc dng theo mi
hng. o tnh p bng p k ch U. Cu to n gin nht (Hnh 10.a v 10.b) l mt ng
bng nha trong hoc thy tinh un thnh hnh ch U, cht lng cha gia hai nhnh,
thng l nc tinh khit. Tnh p trong bung thng cao hn p sut kh tri, nn y
khi nc to chnh lch h gia hai nhnh (p sut dng), v ngc li nu trong
bung c tnh p thp hn p sut kh tri, chnh lch h ngc li ( p sut chn
khng).
Tnh p, k hiu p, n v = pascal = Pa = N/m2
p = g h .
vi

= khi lng ring cht lng (nc: = 1000 kg/m3)

g = 9,81 m.s-2
h = chnh lch cht lng [m].

Chuyn i :

p [Pa] = 9,8 h [mm H2O] .

Lu p l hiu s gia p sut trong bung v p sut kh tri. p sut kh tri iu

kin chun v cao 0 m l 101 325 Pa; gim trung bnh 12 Pa khi cao tng 1m.
3.3.3

Lin h gia p sut tnh bng ct nc hN, v bng ct khng kh hKK

N g hN = KK g hKK . iu kin bnh thng: KK 1,2 kg/m3

hKK = (N / KK ) hN = (1000 / 1,2 ) hN

hKK = 833 hN
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NH Tm 2006 - 2011

16
V d: o c hN = 30 mm nc = 0,03 m hKK = 833 * 0,03 = 25 m ct khng kh
3.3.4

p k vi bu rng
tin c, tit din bu nc mt bn Ab ln hn
nhiu so vi bn kia A. (Hnh 11)
hb *Ab = h * A
hb

Hnh 11: p k vi bu rng

hthc

(vi A << Ab )

= h * A / Ab

p sut thc s hthc :

= ( h + hb) = h ( 1 + A / Ab )
h

ngha l ch cn c pha ct nc dng ln.

3.3.5

p k vi nhnh nghing
h'

d c v chnh xc hn, mt nhnh ca p k

c t nghing tng nhy, c theo nhnh
nghing (Hnh 12).
Thng gc nghing = 5 10o ;

Hnh 12: p k vi nhnh nghing

vy:

= h sin

hthc = h ( 1 + A / Ab) = h sin (1 + A / Ab)

h sin
h = hthc / sin

V d: = 5o 44 ; 1 /sin = 10;
3.3.6

h = 10 hthc ; nhy tng gp 10 ln.

Cht lng khc nc

khong c nhy hn na, c th chn cht lng nh hn nc.

L = khi lng ring cht lng, kg/m3 .

H2O = khi lng ring nc = 1000 kg/m3 .

= t trng = L / H2O < 1

o c chnh ct cht lng hL. Qui ra ct nc nh sau:
L g hL = H2O g hH2O , suy ra

hH2O = hL .

Do hL = hH2O / > hH2O nn khong c nhy hn.

Hoc vi p sut ln hn, c th chn thy ngn thay nc, 1mmHg = 13,6mmH2O

17

3.4

Dng c o : ng pitot

ng pitot (Hnh 13) da trn nguyn tc: mt l ng thng gc vi lung gi s o tng p;

l ng song song vi lung gi ch o phn tnh p.
Hnh 14 l b tr o tnh p trong bung sy. C th b tr ni ng c th c c
c tng p, tnh p, v ng p (Hnh 15).

To ng ap

Tnh ap
8 lo ng knh 1mm
khoan ca ch e u,
khong "ba-v"

R24

A-A
A

d = 8mm
8d

3mm ngoai

16 d

Hnh 13: ng pitot

Hnh 14:

3.5

Dng c o tnh p trong bung sy (hoc ng kho nghim qut)

Cng thc gn ng tnh lu lng gi t ng p

-

Tnh Vn tc gi v t ng p H

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NH Tm 2006 - 2011

18
v [m/s] = (4,0 4.30) * H [mmH2O]
H s 4,0- 4,3 ty nhit
Lu :

Tnh v t mi s o ca H , ri mi ly s trung bnh ca v.

Khng c ly trung bnh ca cc s o H, ri tnh v theo cng thc trn.

Hnh 15: Dng c o tnh p v ng p

Chng minh cng thc tnh lu lng gi trn nh sau (Phn c thm)
Gi :

= Khi lng ring khng kh ,

kg/m3
v
= Vn tc dng kh ,
m/s
p
= p sut ng ,
Pa (= N/m2 )
H
= p sut ng ,
mm H2O
2
Cng thc c bn :
p = v /2
hay :

v =

2/ *

/Ct.01/

Khi lng ring khng kh ty thuc nhit T [oC] v p sut kh tri patm [Pa].
Do iu kin chun 25 oC v 101 325 Pa, = 1,225 kg/m3
(p sut iu kin chun biu th bng 101 325 Pa hoc 760 mmHg)
nn khi lng ring khng kh nhit T l :
p
15 + 273,15
* atm
= 1,225*
T + 273,15 101325

19
Gi thit p sut trong ng Patm = 101325 Pa. iu ny c th chp nhn c , v
101 325 Pa 10 000 mmH2O; phn cng thm do p sut tnh trong ng ch khong
352 ,984
20- 200 mmH2O l khng ng k. Nn:
=
T + 273,15
Th vo /Ct.01/ v rt gn:

v = 0 ,075 273 * T + 273,15 *

[oC]

[m/s]

p
[Pa]

C th i dng vi n v p sut l mmH2O, nh sau:

Bit 1 mmH2O = 9,81 Pa nn P = 9.81 * H
[Pa]
[mmH2O]

v = 0 ,075 273 * T + 273,15 *

hay :

v = 0,23576 *

( T + 273,15 ) *

[m/s]

o
[ C]

cao mt bin :
Nu T = 15 oC, th s vo phng trnh trn:
Nu T = 60 oC :
Nu T = 30 oC (ban ngy TP H Ch Minh) :

9 ,81* H
H
[mmH2O]

v = 4,00 * H
v = 4,30 * H

v [ m / s ] = 4,10 *

H [ mmH 2 O ]

Lu lng gi l tch s ca vn tc v tit in ng kho nghim A:

3
2
Q [m /s] = v [m/s] * A [m ]

Lu :
Tr s p hoc H l trung bnh ca n php o (n im 1, 2,..., n) trong ng kho nghim.
ng :

p = [ p1 + p2 + .... + pn ]

Sai :
p = [ (p1 + p2 + ... + pn ) / n ]
ngha l phi ly cn tng php o, cng li, ri chia ly s trung bnh. Khng c cng
cc php o, ly trung bnh, ri ly cn hai.
V d :
Kho nghim trong iu kin A:
p sut patmA
Nhit TA
vi kt qu : Lng gi V A
Tnh p pA

Gii :

V d : =
=
=
=

630 mmHg Lt
60 oC trong ng sy
3,2 m3/s
400 Pa

Tnh lng gi V 0 v tnh p p0 iu kin chun,

ngha l T0 = 25 oC v patm0 = 760 mmHg (mt bin).
Lng gi :

V 0

= V A

( v d trn = 3,2 m3/s )

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

NH Tm 2006 - 2011

20
Tnh p :
ngha l :

t l thun vi khi lng ring ca khng kh,

t l thun vi p sut kh quyn Patm , v
t l nghch vi nhit tuyt i Tk vi Tk = T + 273,15 [kelvin].

T
p0
p
= atm0 * kA
p A p atmA Tk 0
v d trn :
p0 760 ( 60 + 273,15 )
=
*
400 630 ( 25 + 273,15 )

p0 = 400 * 1,348 = 540 Pa

D nhin, cng sut cn thit thng p sut tnh cng thay i theo t l p0 / pA .
Tm tt : Nh sn xut kho nghim qut vi iu kin v kt qu : patmA , TA , V A , pA
v in catalogue vi s liu iu kin chun :
patm0 , T0 , V 0 , p0

3.6

Cng sut qut (power, P, N)

Cng sut l thuyt (air power) PLT l cng sut ti thiu to lng gi v tnh p
trn, gi s hiu sut l 100%.
PLT [ kW ]

3.7

Q [ m 3 / s ] * p [ mmH 2 O ]
102

Cng sut thc t Ptte l cng sut do ng c cn ko qut, nh vy bao gm cc

hao ht kh ng, hao ht do b truyn ng t ng c n qut, hao ht do bn thn
ng c chy khng. khch quan, khng tnh hao ht do bn thn ng c, ta
thng dng ng c in o v tr cng sut chy khng ti.

Hiu sut tnh (static efficiency)

t [%] = (Cng sut l thuyt / Cng sut thc t) * 100 %

hay
Cng sut thc t Ptte = (Cng sut l thuyt PLT / t ) * 100 %

3.8

Hiu sut c (mechanical efficiency)

Cng thc tng t trn, nhng thay tnh p p bng tng p ( = tnh p + ng p) tnh
cng sut l thuyt.

21

3.9

ngha ca hiu sut qut

Minh ha bng v d sau:

Yu cu qut hng trc vi Q = 10 m3 /s v 50 mm H2O
Cng sut l thuyt:

PLT = 10 * 50 / 102 = 4, 9 kW = 6,57 HP (m lc, nga).

Nu thit k v ch to t t = 50 % = 0,50 (cc hng ni ting),

Ptte = 6,57 / 0,50 = 13,1 HP
Nu t t

ng c du 22 HP l dng.

= 30 % = 0,30
Cn ng c du > 30 HP.

Ptte = 6,57 / 0,30 = 21,8 HP

Nu t t = 10 % = 0,10 (phn ln qut do t ch),
Ptte = 6, 57 / 0,10 = 65,7 nga

ng c du 65 HP b qu ti.

Chnh lch tiu th diesel 1 Lit/h (gi s 20 000 /Lt), ngha l mt thm vi chc triu
ng nhin liu mi nm. Gi tr hiu sut ny cng c ngha hn na nu dng qut cho
cc h thng c lu lng v ct p ln hn.

3.10

n ca qut No ph thuc lu lng Q v ct p H. c th c lng theo cng thc

No = 10 log Q + 20 log H

[dB(A)]

trong Q[cfm] v H[in H2O]

Vi cng Q & H qut ly tm t n hn qut HT. v n tng khi qut lm vic xa vng c
hiu sut cao.
Theo Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) v Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) thi gian cho php khi lm vic vi cc mc n l:
Thi gian tip xc / ngy (gi)

Mc n dB(A)

90

92

95

97

100

1.5

102

105

0,5

110

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

NH Tm 2006 - 2011

22

3.11

ng c tnh qut (fan performance curves)

Cc quan h gia cc thng s trn (p sut, hiu sut, cng sut, vi lng gi) thng
c th hin trn th cc ng c tnh qut. Hnh 15 l ng c tnh qut thu c
t kho nghim ca qut HT 130-2T dng trong my sy tnh. im c hiu sut cao nht
(BEP) l vng trn ng c tnh m t khong hot ng c hiu sut cao v c mt nng
lng v bo dng. Qut khi lm vic xa vng hiu sut cao ny s tng n v tng ti ln
cc bc n.

3.12

Kho nghim qut

bit cc thng s trn ca qut, c th dng hai phng php o ph bin l dng ng
pitot, v phng php vt cn (orifice, venturi, nozzle).
Vi phng php dng ng pitot, ngi ta dng b thit b o gi l ng kho nghim
qut (Fan test duct), Hnh 17 v 18. Cc dng c cn c (Hnh 16) l: ng pitot, dng c
o p sut (dng nc, hoc in t), dng c o vng quay, o cng sut in, nhit k.
ng kho nghim qut l mt ng di, to lung gi n nh v mt sc cn gi thay i
ty theo mc iu chnh. Cc nc M, c, Nht...u c tiu chun v thit b ny, v
d nh tiu chun JIS B8330 ca Nht; ANSI/AMCA 210-99 ca M. Thng ng ny c
tit din trn vi tit din ng bng 0,7- 1,3 ln tit din ming qut. Vi ng knh ng
khng nh hn 300 mm, chiu di ti thiu gp 10 ln ng knh ng. Khi ng knh
ng nh hn 300mm thng chuyn qua s dng phng php o a l (orifice plate)

23

Hnh 15:

ng c tnh qut HT 1300 - 2T (NH Tm 2010)

ng c tnh qut HT 1300-2T(Hnh 15) cho thy, qut c kho nghim kh y

, cc mc tnh p t 140 40 mmH20 c lu lng gi thay i t 8 22 m3/s, tuy
nhin, im c hiu sut cao nht (BEP) mc 100mmH2O. Vy Qut s hot ng hiu
qu vng ln cn im (BEP) ny v pha bn phi tng ng vi Q= 17-19 m3/s@ 9070mm H2O vi hiu sut tnh t 50-55% v hiu sut c t 55-60%. n ca qut kh
cao> 100dB(A) vt ngng cho php tip xc lu di v vy cn c bin php gim n
hoc cch ly.

Hnh 16: Cc dng c o: ng pitot, dng c o n, cng sut, tnh p, s vng quay
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

NH Tm 2006 - 2011

24

Non tr lc
t3

t1

Ong chuyen tiep

Bo nan dong

Tnh ap

Ong pitot

Tong ap

Hnh 17: ng kho nghim qut

Hnh 18: Qut HT 1500 (truyn ng ai) lp vi ng kho nghim qut 1400

3.13

Tm quan trng ca qut v kho nghim qut

Khng ai c th bo m cc thng s ca qut ch nh thit k. Rt t sch bo v thit k

qut vi y chi tit. Nu c th cng y dy cc h s m k s tha h ty chn. D
thit k ng, trong ch to cng sai mt ly i mt dm. Hn cnh qut nghing chch
ti hay lui cht xu c th lm gim 30 % hiu sut. Nhng khng d thy iu ny, v
c hn cnh qut mt gc no vi hng gi l thy gi o o, yn tm!
V th c th khng nh m khng s qu trn: Kho nghim l cch duy nht bo
m cc thng s t yu cu. Ch to m khng kho nghim cng nh tin trc m
khng c thc cp hoc palmer. Nh ngi m tm ng. D nhin c khi cng i n
ni, nhng bit bao m mm! v d nhin t cc kt qu kho nghim ny c th s dng
vo cc h thng ph hp v hiu qu nht.

25

TN P CA H THNG

Mc ch tnh tn p l chn qut thch hp. Tn p thng bao gm 4 thnh phn sau:
1/ tn p trong ng ng, 2/ tn p cc b, 3/ tn p thit b u vo-ra 4/ tn p do vt
liu ca cc qu trnh nu c ( nh b dy lp ht trong sy).

Tn p trong ng

4.1

Re =

Vi dng chy trong ng, trc ht xt Chun s Reynolds =

vi:

= khi lng ring khng kh,

v D

1,2 kg /m3

nht khng kh 1,845 * 10

v =

tc trung bnh trong ng,

-5

N s / m2

(kg m-1 s-1 )

m /s

D = ng knh ng (trn),

Nu ng ch nht a [m] * b [m],

thay D bng (4 DH )

vi: DH = Bn knh thy lc = Din tch / Chu vi = (a b) / [2 (a + b) ]

Tn p trong ng p [pascal] :
vi

pong = f

V 2 L
2 D

= chiu di ng, m.

= h s ma st, ty trng hp tnh theo mt trong 3 cng thc sau:

Ch chy tng (laminar), khi Re < 2300

f =

Ch chy ri trong ng trn, khi 104 < Re < 5 *104 : f =

64
Re

(1)

0 ,3164

(2)

Re 0 ,25

Ch chy ri vi ng c nhm tuyt i [mm] :

= 0,05 mm vi ng thp thng ;
1
f

= 0,3- 3 mm vi ng b-tng.

2 ,51
= 2 log
+
3,7 D Re f

(Phng trnh Colbrook)

(3))

Thc t, c th xc nh f bng th Moody (Hnh 3.23).

Tr s tiu biu:

f =

0,02 0,03

(vi khng kh trong ng)

f =

0,04

(vi khi l trong ng)

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

NH Tm 2006 - 2011

26

Hnh 19: th Moody xc nh h s ma st ca khng kh chy trong ng.

4.2

Tn p cc b

Do dng kh gp thay i tit din, i hng chy, hoc phn dng.

Cc sch v c lu cht thng lit k . Sau y trch dn vi trng hp thng gp:
Gi:

pcb

Tn p cc b,

Pa.

P_L

p sut ng ca dng kh vn tc LN = v2 / 2 ,

Pa.

CL

H s tn p = pcb / ( v2 / 2 ),

Tit din ng nh ,

m2

Tit din ng ln,

m2

Gc m rng, . (hoc gc thu hp, hoc gc b gp, Bng.2)

khng n v.

27
Bng 2:

Tn gi dng chy
/kt cu

Tn p cc b

pcb

= CL *

CL

= (1a/A)

CL

= 0,40 * ( 1 a / A )

CL

= K ( 1 a / A )

P_L
2

t m

t thu
M rng u

:
K :

Thu hp u

5-8
0,14

10
0,16

CL
CL

= 0,05
= 0,10

CL

= K

15
0,02

30
0,07

CL

= KrD

0,5
1,0

0,75
0,75

CL

= 0,15

14
0,25

20
0,45

30
0,70

45
0,95

60
1,1

>90
1,0

vi < 30o
vi < 45o

ng b gc
:
K :

ng cong

r/D :
KrD :

ng chuyn tip cng

tit din A = a
A

3
0,18

45
0,18

1,0
0,6

1,5
0,47

60
0,36

90
1,00

2,0
0,40

4,0
0,30

Tham kho thm:

ASHRAE. 2001. ASHRAE Handbook Fundamentals, Chapter F02: Fluid Flow.
L Ch Hip. 2001. K thut iu ha khng kh: Chng 10: Thit k ng dn khng
kh, trang 325- 416. Nxb Khoa hc K thut, H Ni.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

NH Tm 2006 - 2011

28

4.3

Tn p qua thit b u vo-ra:

Trc v sau qut thng c cc li lc nhm lm sch kh, cc b trao i nhit (TN)
nhm lm mt hoc nung nng khng kh, cn lu chn la din tch lm vic ln
gi c vn tc thp c s Re nh: chy tng nhm gim tr lc. Nn chn tng din tch
ca li vi lc bi ln nhm gim tn p vi vn tc gi t 1- 2m/ph; tn p l hm bc
nht
p= K * Q

vi K l h s ty theo li lc

Tr lc ca li cn ph thuc c ht bi v thi gian s dng, lm sch.

Vi cc b TN hoc tm lm mt (cooling pad) nn chn vn tc gi t 0,5-2,5m/s c tr
lc t 10- 30Pa ty theo nh sn xut. Cn chnh xc hn nn tra cu c th cc thng s t
nh cung cp.
Ngoi ra cc cyclon lng lc cng thng c s dng, ty theo yu cu lng lc vi cc
c ht bi khc nhau vi hiu sut lng t 80-95% thng c tr lc t 400 700Pa. Tra
cu cc s tay chn cyclon ph hp hoc tnh ton thit k ty yu cu.

4.4

Tn p qua sn l

(Henderson, 1943; theo Brooker et.al.)

V
plo = 1,07 * m
OL
vi:

plo

= tn p qua sn l,

Vm

= vn tc qua b mt,

(Hnh 20)
Pa
m/s

= lu lng gi [m /s] / din tch sn [m2 ]

3

= t l khong trng ca khi ht,

V d: 40% khong trng, = 0,40

s thp phn

OL

= t l l ca sn,
V d: 6% din tch l, OL = 0,06

s thp phn

29
Ton ap (Pressure drop), Henserson, 1943

Ton ap (Pressure drop) , pascal

400
360
320
280

OL = 4%

240

OL = 6%

200
160

OL = 8%

120

OL = 10%

80

OL = 12%

40

OL = 14%

0
0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0.30

Van toc be mat (Superficial velocity) , m3/s /m2

Hnh 20: Tn p qua sn l , = 40% = 0,40

(nhn xt: OL > 8 %, tn p qua sn l kh nh)

4.5

Tn p qua lp ht

Gi: Vm

= vn tc b mt lp ht (superficial velocity) , m/s

= Lu lng gi / Tit din lp ht thng gc vi dng khng kh.

Gin Shedd biu din quan h tn p qua lp ht tnh trn 1 m lp ht phat Gin
tp hp hn hn 15 loi nng sn, mi loi biu th bng mt phng trnh hi qui
phat = f (Vm) = p hat / m =
V d:

La:
Bp
u nnh

Cng thc o:
V d: La: A =
Bp:
u nnh:

a=

a Vm2
Ln ( 1 + b Vm )

2,57 *104
2,07 *104
1,02 *104

;
;
;

[Pa / m ht]
b=

13,2
30,4
16,0

. Vm = exp[ A + B Ln phat/m + C (Ln phat/m ) ] .

7,68 ;
B=
1,10 ;
C=
2,79 *102
6,55
1,01
3,25 *102
6,53
1,07
3,45 *102
2

Tn p qua lp ht cn ty thuc:
Cc phn t mn ln trong khi ht: Nhiu tp cht mn, p tng.
m ht: Ht kh hn (m gim), p tng.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

NH Tm 2006 - 2011

30
Cch ht vo b nn cht: Ht b nn, p tng.
B tr bng cch nhn phat tnh t th Shedd vi h s tnh n cc yu t trn.
Thc ra, th Shedd ch tng kt s liu nc ngoi. Khi nghin cu su s thy mt s
khc bit do vt liu a phng. V d: vi la ng bng Sng Cu Long, mc sai
lch tng i gia cng thc tnh ca Shedd v s o thc nghim nm trong khong
3- 12 % vi la c m 14%, nhng khc bit ln ti mc 75- 90 % la m cao 29 %.
C hai trng hp, Shedd u tnh cao hn thc t (Hnh 21).

Hnh 21: So snh tr lc qua lp la vi cng thc Shedd (PH Hin v ctv, 2003).

CC NH LUT V QUT

Gi:

Q [m3/s]

= lu lng qut

p [Pa]

= p sut qut

P [watt]

= cng sut qut

n [vg/pht]

= tc quay ca qut

No [decibel]

= n ca qut

Ch s di

= qut m ta bit ng c tnh (qua kho nghim)

(Subscript )

= qut m ta mun bit tnh cht

Cc cng thc p dng vi qut 2 ng dng vi qut 1, vi kch thc bng hoc nh hn
qut 1. Vi kch thc qut 2 ln hn qut 1, nn gii hn ch ln gp ri, v chp nhn
sai s; qu t l ny, cc cng thc ht chnh xc, v nhng phc tp ca kh ng hc.

31
n
Q2
= 2
Q1
n1

D2

D1

n
p2
= 2
p1
n1
n
P2
= 2
P1
n1

D2

D
1

D2

D1

N o 2 N o1 = 50 log10

D2
n
+ 50 log10 2
D1
n1

o t cc cng thc trn:

1

p 4
D2
= 1
D1
p2

Q2 2

Q1

p 4
n2
= 1
n1
p2

Q2 2

Q1

n
P
v 2 = 2
P1
n1

D2

D1

CHN QUT PH HP VI TN P H THNG

Nguyn tc: Chn sao cho lu lng v p sut ph hp, im hot ng (FOP) gn vi
im hiu sut cao nht (BEP).
Thc t, v ng cung v cu v lu lng gi vi p sut tng ng.
Cung l ng c tnh qut do nh sn xut cung cp, hoc do kho nghim.
Cu l s thay i tn p ty theo lng gi cung cp, tnh t cu to v b tr c th ca
h thng.
Mt lu nh, sau khi xc nh chn c qut, vic xc nh kch thc ming ra ca
qut cn tng ng trnh nhng tn tht, tit din ming ra ca qut nn t 0,7 -1,3 tit
din ca ng ng, trnh chn qut qu nh quay nhanh hay qu ln quay chm.

6.1

ng c tnh qut h thng

Ty theo loi qut c ng c tnh khc nhau, c im hiu sut tnh cao nht (BEP),
qut s hot ng hiu qu v n nh t n nht vng ln cn v pha bn phi vi dim
BEP. Cn lu vi 1 yu cu c th chn c hn 1 qut, khi c 2 qut cng ng c
tnh nhng c im BEP khc nhau ch hot ng s khc.
ng c tnh ca h thng (system curve) c v nn t tnh ton tn p, giao im
gia 2 ng ny l im lm vic ca qut (FOP). FOP cng gn vi BEP qut hot ng
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

NH Tm 2006 - 2011

32
cng hiu qu. V vy vic xc nh tn tht ca h thng v chn qut ph hp gip cho
h thng hot ng hiu qu nht cn c thc hin mt cch cn thn v cn kim tra li
khi h thng hot ng iu chnh nu cn.

Hnh 21: ng c tnh qut h thng

Hnh 22a: So snh ng c tnh ca 4 dng qut HT vi cng D v n (Bleier, 1985)

33

Hnh22b: ng c tnh qut ly tm: a/ qut FC, b/ qut RB v c tnh cng sut

Hnh 22a cho thy ng c tnh ca 4 loi qut HT c cng ng knh v s vng quay
c lu lng v ct p khc nhau. V vy ty tn p ca h thng chn qut HT ph hp
(cng Q vi p khc nhau,chn VAF hay VAF-2T).
Hnh 22b cho thy ng c tnh cng sut qu ti (cng sut tiu th tng khi gim p)
ca qut ly tm c cnh cong v trc (FC) v cnh hng tm (RB) nn lu khi khi
ng qut trnh qu ti m t.

6.2

Chn qut:

Ty theo yu cu v c tnh cng nh vic b tr, n c th chn qut khc nhau.

Theo Bleier (1998) c th cn c vo h s quay nhanh ns chn qut (Bng 3.).
ns =
trong :

nrpm

Q [ m3 / s ]

h3 / 4 [mmH 2O]

nrpm : tc quay, vng/pht.

Q:

lu lng, m3/s.

h:

tnh p, mmH2O

Lu : Nhiu tc gi dng cc nh ngha khc nhau nn cc tr s ns cng khc, v d :

ns = 3,65

Q [ m3 / s ]

nrpm
H

3/ 4

[m KK ]

hoc h n v Anh M c

ns =

nrpm Q [cfm]
H 3 / 4 [inchH 2O]

nn cn thn khi nhm s.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

NH Tm 2006 - 2011

34

Hnh 23: Chn ng c tnh qut v tr lc ca h thng (NH Tm 2010)

Bng 3: Chn qut theo h s quay nhanh ns (Bleier, 1998)
Tnh
p

Hiu
sut

ns

Lu
lng

Kch thc
Kh.lng

Gi
thnh

Chong chng

962 -192

Ln

Thp

Thp

Thp

Nh

Thp

Trc ng

577 115

Ln

Thp

Thp

Cao

Nh

Thp

C hng dng, 1 tng

250 96

Ln

TB

Cao

Nh

TB

C hng dng, 2 tng

173 -67

Ln

TB

TB

Cao

TB

TB

154 19

TB

TB

TB

TB

TB

TB

Cnh cong ti

135 -48

Ln

Cao

TB

Thp

Ln

TB

Cnh cong lui.v BI

135 38

TB

TB

Cao

Thp

TB

TB

u cnh hng tm

125 48

TB

TB

TB

TB

TB

TB

Cnh hng tm

48 19

TB

TB

TB

TB

TB

TB

Qut nhiu tng

15 - 2

Thp

Rt
cao

Thp

cao

Ln

Cao

Qut hng trc

Qut phi hp
Qut ly tm

( TB = trung bnh )

35
Hnh 23 cho thy ng c tnh ca 3 qut HT 13-2T, 14-2T v 14-1T vi ng knh
1300, 1400mm 2 tng cnh v 1400mm 1 tng cnh, c t s dt/dro v s vng quay/pht l
0,5-920; 0,6-820; 0,6-1020 c BEP khc nhau tng ng vi ng c tnh (tr lc) ca
h thng sy tnh vi lp la dy 40, 50,70 v 80cm.
Vi qut HT14-1T, hiu sut cao nht ch tng ng vi lp la dy 40-50cm, vt qua
lp dy ny gi gim nhanh, hiu sut thp v chy khng n nh.
ng c tnh H13-2T, H14-2T ca qut 1300 1400 gn ging nhau ch khc nhau im
BEP c th s dng cho lp la dy 70 80cm (mt ci). tuy nhin vng hot ng ca
qut HT 13-2T gn vi BEP nn hiu qu v n nh hn.
Vi qut ly tm ty theo cng dng vn chuyn kh sch, kh c ln bi, khi hay cc
vt rn c kch thc nh c th chn dng cnh theo bng 4
Bng 4: Chn qut ly tm theo cng dng

(Bleier, 1998)

Trong : AF, BC, BI l dng cnh kh ng, dng cnh cong lui, dng cnh thng nghing
lui c hiu sut chung cao, t n v ng c tnh khng qu ti khi chy khng, thch hp
vi kh sch hoc t bi dng nhiu trong h thng thong, h thng sy, tn tr.
Dng cnh AH dng ht khi, MH dng vn chuyn mt ca dm bo, vt liu dng ht
ri; LS, LSO cng ging MH nhng khng c da trc hoc c da sau.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

NH Tm 2006 - 2011

36

TNH TON CC KCH THC CHNH CA QUT

7.1

Tng quan

Thit k qut i hi cc hiu bit c bn v cnh kh (airfoil), lc cn v lc nng ln cnh

kh, cc thnh phn vn tc dng khng kh i vo v ra khi qut, cc h s khng th
nguyn lin h cc thng s ca qut... T , tnh ton c ng knh r-to, kch thc
v qut, s cnh qut, bin dng cnh...
Phng php thit k i hi nhiu c lng v cc h s, mc d cc cng thc tnh
trng kh chc ch.
Cn i su vo thit k qut, xem Bruno Eck. 1973. Fans: Design and operation of
centrifugal, axial, and cross-folw fans. Pergamon Press. Mt ti liu khc nn tham kho
l Bleier F.P. 1998. Fan handbook: selection, application, and design. McGraw-Hill Co.
Inc. c c kt sc tch vi nhiu kinh nghim ca chnh tc gi ny.
Khng tha khi nhc li cc ti liu trn, cng nh mt s ti liu khc, ch l bc khi
u cho thit k. Hu nh sau thit k ch to phi iu chnh li thng qua kho nghim
kim chng.
Trong phm vi sch ny, ch cung cp cc cng thc tnh s b mt kch thc c bn
ca qut, l ng knh r-to qut. Tnh ton xut pht t yu cu v lu lng gi, p
sut, v c th c khng ch v tc quay; v d, ng c in 50 Hz l 1450 vng/pht;
mt nh sn xut ng c diesel khuyn co s dng ng c ca h 2000 vng/pht
c hiu sut nhin liu cao nht
Mc ch ca tnh ton l c lng c kch c qut, thu hp khong tra cu cc
catalogue ca cc nh sn xut qut.
Mt lu nh, cc catalogue ca nh sn xut thng ch cung cp s liu v lu lng,
ct p, cng sut v s vng quay, t cung cp ng c tnh qut, hoc c cng khng ch
r im BEP, v vy cn kim tra cn thn, c bit lu khi s dng qut c cng sut ln
trnh gim hiu sut chung gy hao tn nng lng chy qut.

7.2

Qut hng trc c hng dng (vane-axial fan)

ng knh ti thiu ca r-to qut:

2

Dmin [mm]

30600

p [ Pa]
N

rpm

+ 83 400

Q [m3 / s]
( N rpm / 1000 )

V d:

Q = 4 m3 /s ; p = 300 Pa ; Nrpm = 1450 vng/pht

Tnh ra:

Dmin = 603 mm. Ta tra cu catalogue qut c ng knh ln hn 600 mm.

37
Hoc theo Bleier (1998) cng thc 4.1 trang 4.7.
ng knh trng qut d l hm s ca tc quay Nrpm (t l nghch), v p sut yu cu
p (t l thun vi cn bc hai)
H Anh :

d " [ inch ] =

i qua h S.I:

d [ mm ] =

19000
N rpm
30 596
N rpm

p" [ inchH 2O ]
p [ Pa ]

ng knh r-to qut ti thiu:

Q[cfm]
N rpm

"
Dmin
[inch] =

d "[inch] + 61

i qua h S.I:

Dmin [mm] =

d [mm] + 83400

ng knh trong quat, mm

H Anh :

Q[m 3 / s ]
N rpm

880
840
800
760
720
680
640
600
560
520
480
440
400
360
320
280
240
200
160

1000vp
1200vp
1400vp
1600vp
1800vp
2000vp
2200vp
2400vp
2600vp
2800vp

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

1100

1200

Tnh ap , pascal

Hnh 23:

Tnh ng knh trng qut t s liu tnh p v tc quay

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

NH Tm 2006 - 2011

38

7.3

Qut ly tm cnh nghing hoc cong ra sau

ng knh trong ti thiu ca cnh Dt :

Dt toithieu [mm] = 3300

ng knh ngoi ti thiu ca cnh D :

Dtoithieu [ mm ] =

Q [m3 / s]
3

29000
N rpm

N rpm
p [ Pa ]

Kim tra t s Dt / D = 0,50 0,85. p sut yu cu cng cao, t s ny cng nh.

Thng
Dt / D = 0,70 0,76 .
B rng cnh b :

b 0,46 Dt

MT S LU KHI LP T QUT

8.1

Qut HT:

Hnh 24a: Lp qut HT

Trnh vt cn trc qut, nn cch xa ln hn 1 ln ng knh, nn c ng ni mm

gia qut v ng ng, cn lp qut trn nn-khung vng chc v gim rung.
H3 trng hp nn trnh khi lp qut

a/ Co cong qu gn c bn b/ Chuyn tip gt gy ri c/ Qut t khng trng tm

knh nh gy ri dng v n v n
ng ng cng gy ri
Hnh 24b: Lp qut HT

39

8.2

Qut LT

Qut v ng ng nn c tit din tng ng (tit din ng ng tt nht t 95 105%

tit din ming ht hoc thi ca qut), vi gc nghing chuyn tip m rng nh hn 7o v
gc thu hp nh hn 15o, co chuyn hng nn cch xa hn 2,5 ln ng knh ming ra

Hnh 25: Lp qut LT

KHO NGHIM QUT & O VN TC TRONG NG

9.1

ng kho nghim qut v v tr o (JIS B8330)

Non tr lc
t3

t1

Ong chuyen tiep

Ong pitot

Tnh ap

Bo nan dong

Tong ap

Non tr lc
t3

t2

Ong chuyen tiep

Bo nan dong

Tnh ap

Ong pitot

Tong ap

Hnh 26a: B tr kho nghim y (a) v ht (b)

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

NH Tm 2006 - 2011

40

Hnh 26b: cc v tr o ng p (vn tc) trong ng trn v ch nht

9.2

Tnh ton

9.2.1

Theo phng php ng pitot

Psr

Tnh p trung bnh:

Ps =

ng p trung bnh ti v tr o:

Pvr
Pv =

Vn tc trung bnh:

V = 0,23576 * Pv * (t + 273)

Lu lng:

Q= V*A

[m3/s]

Cng sut kh:

P = (Q * Ps) / 102

[kW]

[mmH2O]

n
2

[mmH2O]

41
Hiu sut tnh:

= P/ Ptt

[%]

Cng sut in tiu th:

Ptt = Pmt Pck

[kW]

9.2.2

Theo phng php l (orifices)

(Theo ASME PTC 19.5)

Lu lng Q =

Trong :

Q = A0Cd

2 ( P1 P2 )

(1 4 )

C d = 0.5959 0.0312

Vi Re > 30 000

2.1

[m3/s]

91.71 2.5
0.184 +
Re 0.75
8

Cd = 0,61

Ao: tit din ng, [m2]; : khi lng ring [kg/m3]; = d2/d1 (t s ng knh l/ ng
knh ng); p1, p2 : tnh p ti v tr 1, 2[mmH2O].
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

NH Tm 2006 - 2011

42

10

TI LIU THAM KHO

Ting Vit
L CH HIP. 2010. Gio trnh iu Ha Khng Kh. NXB KH&KT
NGUYN HNG TM. 2006. Bi ging bm qut dng trong nhit lnh. S dng ni b.

NGUYN MINH TUYN. 2005. Bm, my nn, qut trong cng ngh. Nh xut bn Xy
dng, H ni

PHAN HIU HIN, N. V. XUN, N.H. TM, L.V.BN, T.VNH. 2000. My sy ht

Vitnam. NXB Nng nghip, TP H Ch Minh, Vit nam.
V CH CHNH. 2005. Gio trnh iu Ha Khng Kh. NXB KH&KT H Ni
TCVN 59651995. m hc v o ting n mi trng, p dng cc bin php gii hn.
Ting Anh
ASAE (American Society of Agricultural Engineers).1995. Yearbook 1994
ASHRAE handbook. 2004. Systems and Equipment; 2005. Fundamental.
BLEIER, FRANK P. 1997. Fan Handbook: selection, application, and design. McGrawHill 1998.
CENGEL Y. A. 2006. Fluid mechanics: Fundamentals and Applications. McGraw-Hill.
Singapore.
ECK B. 1973. Fans: Designs and operation of centrifugal, axial-flow, and cross-flow fans.
Pergamon Press, Oxford, England.
JAPANESE MINISTRY OF TRADE AND INDUSTRY. 1968. Japanese Industrial
Standards: Testing methods for fans and blowers. Tokyo, Japan.
US Department of Energy, 2003. Improving Fan system performance. A sourcebook for
industry.

43

Cn bng ng cc chi tit quay

Qut Ly tm 1200

Cc dng qut Ly tm, Hng trc v Mixed flow

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

NH Tm 2006 - 2011

44

Kho nghim nh hng ca B gim n n c tnh ca qut.

Qut HT 1 v 2 tng cnh: Q n 25m3/s @ 50-100mmH2O

45
Phu luc 1: Kt qua thit k ch tao khao nghim Quat MF

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

NH Tm 2006 - 2011

46
Phu luc 2: Kt qua thit k ch tao khao nghim Quat HT
1300

2 tng canh 940, 1140, va

KET QUA NGHIEN CU QUAT Mixed Fow & HE THONG

Nham nang cao hieu suat, giam on
Nguyen Hung Tam
Giang vien Khoa C kh va Cong nghe E-mail: hungtamng@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT
Noise from grain drying fans is a frequent concern for people who own, operate or live
near grain handling facilities. Axial fans (AF), the noisiest type of fan, are the most
common type used at many grain drying facilities. For reducing noise and improving
efficiency, the mixed flow fans were designed, fabricated and tested. The results show that:
the mixed flow fans is quiet and more compact than AF, the total efficiency is about 50
55%, and with the silencer the fans noise can reduce more than 6dB(A). The mixed flow
fans were used for agro product flatbed dryer, food tray dryer, grains cleaner.

DN NHP
Qut l my dng vn chuyn khng kh t ni ny sang ni khc c s dng nhiu trong
cc lnh vc khc nhau nh thng thong nh xng chung tri, cc h thng nung nng lm
lnh, trong cc my sy... Qut c th tm chia thnh 2 loi chnh: qut li tm (LT) v qut
hng trc (HT). Qut LT vi nhng u im nh hiu sut cao; c nhiu dng cnh khc
nhau p ng ty theo yu cu s dng; t n nhng cng knh kh ch to lp t. Qut HT
c lu lng ln, nh gn d lp t hn nhng n v c hiu sut thp hn so vi qut LT
cng c. Ngoi ra da trn h s quay nhanh ns ( ph thuc vo lu lng, ct p v s vng
quay ca qut) m ngi ta c th chn qut LT hay HT tng ng. Mt vn t ra l lm
sao c c dng qut c cc u im ca c qut HT v LT, v khc phc c cc nhc
im trn.
T nhng nm 80, Khoa C kh Cng ngh trng i hc Nng Lm tp HCM thit k
ch to cc mu qut HT c lu lng 4, 6, 8m3/s mc tnh p 30-40 mmH2O kh tt: hiu
sut khong 40%, gn, v chuyn giao cng ngh ch to cho nhiu c s sn xut. Tuy
nhin lot qut ny c hiu sut trung bnh v kh n ( > 94dB(A)); v vy vic tip tc nghin
cu han thin nhm nng cao hiu sut v gim n c lu v lin tc ci tin.
Trong nhiu nm qua, mt s vin nghin cu, cng ty trn th gii nh Cimbria ( an
mch), Eraba ( Nht), Greenheck (M) nghin cu dng qut mixedflow (MF) nhm kt
hp cc u im ca qut LT c hiu sut cao, t n v u im ca qut HT c lu lng ln,
nh gn d ch to v lp t, v c s dng nhiu trn cc lnh vc khc nhau.
Tuy nhin cho n nay cng cha c ti liu thng tin c th no tnh ton thit k qut
MF ny, nu c th ch mt t v bm MF, hn na y cng l b quyt ca cc cng ty ln
vi doanh thu v li nhun cao. V vy trn c s cc ti liu lin quan v tnh ton thit k
qut LT, HT v bm MF; v cc kinh nghim v thit k ch to kho nghim qut LT, HT
chng ti mnh dn c gng n lc tng hp ti liu, thit k ch to kho nghim dng
qut MF ny nhm nng cao hiu sut chung, gim n, tng nh gn phc v sn xut
trong nc tt hn.

MC CH TI
Da trn nhiu kinh nghim, v cc kt qu thit k, kho nghim qut HT, LT, mu qut
MF c chn thit k cn t cc yu cu sau:
--1--

- Hiu sut chung phi cao hn 40%.

-

t n hn v nh gn, v

C th kt hp vi cc b tiu m (TA) gim n h thng s dng qut c n

chung thp nht.

CC THNG TIN, TI LIU LIN QUAN.

ti c thc hin tng bc cht ch gm tra cu tng hp phn tch chn lc:
Cc thng tin k thut v qut HT, MF ca cc cng ty Cimbria, Greenheck, Trane: lu
c th v kch thc chung, hiu sut v n.
Cc ti liu tnh ton, s tay thit k qut LT, HT v bm MF.
Cc kt qu, kinh nghim v thit k ch to kho nghimqut LT, HT ca tc ga

PHNG PHP THC HIN TI

Cc bc thc hin
1) Tra cu, tng hp cc ti liu lin quan.
2) Thit k ch to qut MF.
3) Thit k cc b phn lm gim n.
4) Kho nghim qut, qut v h thng.
5) S dng qut MF vo mt s h thng my.
Phng php tnh ton thit k.
Cc s liu tnh ton ban u c chn da vo cc thng tin v qut MF ca cc cng ty
k trn. Dng Qut MF ny v b gim n c thit k trn c s m hnh la chn cc
thng s hp l, c k tha kinh nghim thit k qut LT v HT, ch to v kho nghim nhm
xc nh nh hng ca cc thng s ti hiu sut v n, theo phng php th v loi dn
sai s khi thit k.
Phng php kho nghim qut
Qut sau khi c thit k ch to s c kho nghim da vo tiu chun kho nghim
qut JIS 8330-B ca Nht nhm xc nh lu lng, ct p, cng sut tiu th, hiu sut v
n.
Dng c v Phng php o:
Cc s liu thu thp c da theo tiu chun JIS 8330-B.
Nhm t chnh xc cao, tnh p v lu lng c o bng cc dng c o nh p k
ch U, p k ging (Cistern), p k nghing (inclined) vi n v o l mmH2O, v p k in
t vi n v o l Pa. S vng quay, cng sut tiu th, n c bng cc dng c o hin
s tng ng, vi cc thang o ph hp.
Bng tnh Excels c s dng tnh ton cc kt qu thng qua cc cng thc trung
gian.

--2--

TNH TON THIT K QUT

Nhm c th p ng nhu cu s dng qut MF vo cc my sy nng sn thc phm, my
lm sch, thng thong.. cc thng s ban u c chn nh sau:
Lu lng: vi cc mc 0,5; 1; 2, 4 v 6 m3/s
Tnh p:

vi 2 mc 30 - 40 v 70 - 80 mmH20.

n:

< 85dB(A)

Nhm chun ha mu qut v c th s dng lp trc tip trn m t in, s vng quay
qut c chn 2 mc 1450 v 2900 v/ph.
C th kt hp vi b gim m (TA) nhm gim n cho h thng my c s dng qut.

KT QU THIT K KHO NGHIM QUT:

1/ Cu to v nguyn l hot ng ca qut MF:

Hnh 1a: Bn v chung qut MF.

Hnh 1b: Qut MF.

Qut MF c thit k ch to nh (H.1a 1b), c cu to gn ging nh qut HT, bao

gm v qut dng hnh tr, bn trong c rotor c lp trc tip trn m t in hoc trn trc
c ko thng qua b truyn ai. im khc vi qut HT l trng qut c dng hnh tr cn
vi dc thay i tng dn theo hng gi i vo, vi t s = dtr/Dro(ng knh trng/
ng knh rotor) t 0,6-0,7 nhm c th nng cao tnh p. S cnh t hn (t 6-8 cnh) nhm
c th nng cao hiu sut v gim n. Dng cnh cong xon, vi b rng cnh phn u cnh
ln hn chn cnh gim n.
2/ Mt s kt qu kho nghim qut MF:
Mt lat qut MF c ng knh rotor t 320, 380, 500, 640, 700, 750, v 900mm c
thit k ch to v kho nghim. Cc kt qu thu c kh kh quan, mt s kt qu c trnh
by tm tt di y.

Hnh 2: Cc qut MF vi ng knh roto t 320 900mm

2.1 Kt qu kho nghim qut MF 1-40-2900
--3--

Bng 1: Kt qu kho nghim qut MF 1-40-2900

M^3/s

mmH2O

kWatt

Tinh,%

Co, %

dB(A)_G

0.86

59.1

1.33

44.77

46.84

91.6

1.06

51.0

1.36

46.53

53.61

90.6

1.20

40.8

1.23

47.37

53.61

89.3

1.32

30.6

1.19

40.64

49.23

87.9

1.41

20.4

1.08

32.66

44.51

87.7

1.50

10.2

1.02

18.77

34.20

88.7

Vi M^3/s, mmH2O, kWatt, tinh %, Co %, dB(A)_G l lu lng, tnh p, cng sut tiu
th, hiu sut tnh, hiu sut chung, v n trn trc tm qut.

NG AC TNH QUAT

Tnh ap, mmH2O, Hieu suat, o on

Quat MF380 - 2007, n=2935 v/ph

100

1.5

90
80

1.3

70

mmH2O

60
50

1.1

Tinh,%

40

0.9

dB(A)_G

Co, %
kWatt

30
20

0.7

10
0

0.5
0.8

0.9

1.0

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.5

1.6

Lu lng, m3/s

Hnh 3: ng c tnh qut MF 1-40-2900

Qut MF 1-40-2900 c ng knh 380mm, s vng quay n= 2950 v/ph vi = 0,7 cho
thy: mc tnh p 40-50 mmH2O qut c lu lng 1 - 1,2m3/s, c hiu sut chung kh cao >
50%. Do qut quay nhanh 2950 v/ph n mc 90dB(A) v n v tr bn phi v tri
qut u nh hn gia khong 4-5dB(A). n ny hi cao nhng thp hn nhiu so vi
qut HT cng c ( > 94dB(A)), so snh vi qut HT cng c qut MF ny c kch thc gn
hn, s c so snh tip tc cc kho nghim sau. Nhm gim n hn na vi dng qut
quay nhanh ny mt thit b gim m (TA) cng c ch to lp t v kho nghim cc
kt qu thu c trnh by trong bng 1b v hnh 3b.
Bng 1b: Kt qu kho nghim qut MF 1-40-2900 c lp b TA
M^3/s

mmH2O-TA

kWatt

Tinh, %

Co, %-TA

dB(A)-TA

0.79

60.0

1.32

42.11

43.75

86.7

1.02

51.0

1.35

44.78

48.56

84.6

1.17

41.0

1.31

43.19

48.56

82.9

1.29

30.8

1.24

38.26

46.00

82.6

1.40

20.4

1.18

29.09

39.49

82.8

1.49

10.2

1.09

17.20

31.17

83.8

--4--

Qua cc kho nghim cho thy, b TA c th lp trc qut, sau qut v lp c trc v sau.
Tuy nhin cc kt qu cho thy khi lp TA sau qut, hiu qu gim n khng r rt. Khi lp
TA trc qut n gim r rt t 89 90 xung cn 83-84 dB(A), Tuy nhin b TA ny lm
hiu sut chung gim t 53% xung 48%.
2.2 Kt qu kho nghim qut MF 1-30-1450:
Qut MF 1-30-1450 c ng knh 500mm, n= 1450 v/ph vi = 0,7 cho thy: mc tnh
p 25-30 mmH2O qut c lu lng 1 - 1,2m3/s ng vi hiu sut tnh v chung kh cao >
50%. n kh thp t 80 82dB(A) c trnh by c th di y.

100

95

90

90

80

85

70

80

60

75

50

70

40

65

30

60

20

55

10

50

mmH2O

o on, dB(A)

Tnh ap, mmH2O; Hieu suat, %

ng ac tnh quat QMF380-0.7

Co, %
mmH2O-TA
Co, %-TA
dB
dB-TA2

45

0
0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.5

1.6

Lu lng, m3/s

Hnh 3b: ng c tnh qut MF 1-40-2900 c b TA trc qut

Bng 2: Kt qu kho nghim qut MF 1-30-1450.
M^3/s

mmH2O

kWatt

Tinh,%

Co, %

dB(A)-G

0.85

35.9

0.95

44.39

45.74

81.4

1.04

30.3

0.89

50.42

53.17

80.3

1.21

25.5

0.87

51.18

55.64

82.3

1.38

20.8

0.84

49.83

56.77

82.2

1.58

15.3

0.78

47.25

58.91

81.9

Cc kt qu cho thy qut c hiu sut kh cao v n thp khon 80-82dB(A). Qua kt
qu trn rt ra nhn xt nu lu n n c th thit k qut s vng quay 1450 v/ph .
2.3 Kt qu kho nghim Qut MF 4-40-1450.
Nhm so snh nh gn, hiu sut, v n ca qut MF so vi qut HT, mt qut HT
nhp ngoi c s dng so snh. Qut HT 700 c ng knh roto 700mm, c 14
cnh dng kh ng c c bng nhm, c t s = 0,61 lp trc tip trn m t in
5,5kW, n=1450v/ph; v mt roto qut MF 700 (H.4) cng c cng ng knh 700mm, 6
cnh dng cong xon, c t s = 0,60 cng c thit k ch to thay th roto
HT700 lp trn qut ny. Cc kt qu kho nghim c trnh by di y:

--5--

Bng 3a: Kt qu kho nghim qut HT 700 zin-nhm

M^3/s

mmH2O

kWatt

Tinh,%

Co, %

1.47

37.9

3.23

23.30

24.16

1.90

33.6

3.03

29.23

31.27

2.99

30.1

3.44

33.44

39.88

3.53

25.0

3.63

30.60

40.52

3.94

19.9

3.56

27.85

41.95

Nhn xt: mc tnh p 30mm, qut HT 700 c lu lng (Q) l 3m3/s vi hiu sut
khong 40%, n 93-97 dB(A).
Bng 3b: Kt qu kho nghim qut MF 700.
M^3/s

mmH2O

kWatt

Tinh,%

Co, %

dB(A)_G

2.00

69.9

5.15

31.39

32.55

93.3

2.49

61.7

4.81

37.30

39.71

92.5

3.43

51.5

4.79

43.14

49.48

92.4

3.98

41.7

4.60

42.59

53.01

92.6

4.22

30.0

4.50

33.35

46.13

93.1

Bng 3c: Kt qu kho nghim qut MF 700 v TA lp trc qut.

M^3/s

mmH2O

kWatt

Tinh,%

Co, %

dB(A)_TA

1.96

70.2

5.29

29.96

31.03

87.1

2.55

60.6

4.93

36.54

39.07

87.5

3.45

51.6

4.89

42.40

48.69

86.4

4.08

41.3

4.77

41.44

52.22

84.7

4.41

30.1

4.44

35.55

50.37

84.8

Qua s liu bng 3b, 3c cho thy qut MF 700 c hiu sut kh cao v n thp so vi
qut HT cng c. mc tnh p 30mm qut HT c Q=3m3/s so vi qut MF c Q= 4,2m3/s
hay ni cch khc nu cng mc Q v tnh p qut MF c thit k c ng knh nh gn
hn so vi qut HT. Qut MF c n thp hn 2dB(A) nhng vn cn cao khan 9293dB(A) do 1 b TA c kch thc di bng ng knh v c ng knh trong bng 1,05
ng knh roto cng c ch to v kho nghim vi qut. Vi b TA lp trc qut
n gim r rt xung cn 85-87 dB(A) v mc tnh p 40 50 mm H2O, hiu sut gim
khng ng k. Cc kt qu trn cho thy cc thng s thit k kh hp l, nng cao r rt
lu lng v hiu sut qut; n c gim v gim nhiu hn nu c s dng b TA.

KT QU NG DNG
T nm 2003, cc mu qut MF c ch to v kho nghim, v lin tc ci tin kh
hon chnh, v c a vo s dng. Cc qut MF ny c lp cho cc my sy nng
sn, thc phm v my lm sch la ging 600kg/h.
Qut MF 1.2-40-1450 + TA (H. 5) c lp vi my sy nhn tri nhm gim n t
di 80dB(A), 5 my sy ny c lp ti c s ch bin nhn Hai Mt, Cai ly tnh Tin
giang c ch c s nh gi cao.
Qut MF 1.0-30-1450 +TA ( H. 6) lin hp vi l t than v b trao i nhit c
lp cho my sy cm nhn, kh c, khoai m, m trng, nui ti cc tnh Tin giang, Kin giang
v TP HCM. Nhm gim ti a n, qut c lp vi b TA pha trn l t vi ming
ht hng ln trn.

--6--

Cc qut MF 1-40-2900, MF 2-40-1450, MF 4-40-1450 cng c s dng sy nng

sn.
Qut MF 0.5-100-2900 ( H. 7) cng c ch to nhm thay th qut li tm s dng
trong my lm sch la. Qut MF ny lin hp vi cyclone hng trc cho thy mc nh
gn v d lp t ca h thng qut.

KT LUN
Mu qut MF c nghin cu ch to hon chnh da trn nhiu kinh nghim tch ly,
c kt qu kh tt, tng bc c a vo phc v sn xut. Qut MF c hiu sut kh
cao, t n v nh gn p ng c yu cu ra. Vic gim n gp phn nng cao iu
kin lm vic cho cng nhn vn hnh my, m bo sc khe cng nhn v cng ng chung
quanh khu vc lp my.

Hnh 4: qut HT 700 v

thay th bng RotoMF 700

Hnh 6: Qut MF 1-30-1450 + TA vi ming

ht lp hng ln trn nhm gim n.
<80dB(A)

Hnh 5: qut MF 1,2-40-1450 s dng cho

my sy nhn tri.

Hnh 7: Qut MF 0.5-100-2900 lin hp vi

cyclone HT dng cho my lm sch la.

TI LIU THAM KHO

Tieng Viet
NGUYN HNG TM, 2006 Gio trnh bm qut dng trong nhit lnh. S dng ni b.
TCVN 3985-1999. m hc, mc n cho php ti cc v tr lm vic.
TCVN 59651995. m hc v o ting n mi trng, p dng cc bin php gii hn.
Ting Anh
ASAE (American Society of Agricultural Engineers).1995. Yearbook 1994
ASHRAE handbook, 2004. Systems and Equipment
--7--

BLEIER, FRANK P. 1997. Fan Handbook: selection, application, and design. McGraw-Hill
1998.
CENGEL Y. A. 2006. Fluid mechanics: Fundamentals and Applications. McGraw-Hill.
Singapore.
ECK B. 1973. Fans: Designs and operation of centrifugal, axial-flow, and cross-flow fans.
Pergamon Press, Oxford, England.
JAPANESE MINISTRY OF TRADE AND INDUSTRY. 1968. Japanese Industrial
Standards: Testing methods for fans and blowers. Tokyo, Japan.
US Department of Energy, 2003. Improving Fan system performance. A sourcebook for
industry.

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