Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Fyzikln semin
Garant pedmtu: RNDr. Eva Hradilov Autoi textu: RNDr. Eva Hradilov RNDr. Nadda Uhdeov
Brno
Obsah
1 VOD ................................................................................................................................. 7 1.1 ..ZAAZEN PEDMTU VE STUDIJNM PROGRAMU .............................................................7 1.2 ..VOD DO PEDMTU .......................................................................................................7 1.3 ..VSTUPN TEST ..................................................................................................................8 1.4 ..NUTN PEDBN ZNALOSTI ........................................................................................11 2 VEKTOROV ALGEBRA ........................................................................................... 14 2.1 ..SKALRN A VEKTOROV VELIINY ...............................................................................14 2.2 ..SLOKY, SOUADNICE A VELIKOST VEKTORU ................................................................15 2.3 ..JEDNOTKOV VEKTORY .................................................................................................18 2.4 ..ALGEBRAICK METODA STN A ODETN VEKTOR ..............................................19 2.5 ..GRAFICK METODA STN A ODETN VEKTOR .....................................................22 2.6 ..VEKTORY A FYZIKLN ZKONY ....................................................................................25 2.7 ..NSOBEN VEKTORU SKALREM ....................................................................................26 2.8 ..SKALRN SOUIN .........................................................................................................26 2.9 ..VEKTOROV SOUIN .....................................................................................................29 2.10 DERIVACE VEKTORU ......................................................................................................32 2.11 DODATKY...................................................................................................................34 3 KINEMATIKA ................................................................................................................ 36 3.1 ..MECHANICK POHYB.....................................................................................................36 3.1.1 K relativnosti pohybu.................................................................................36 3.1.2 Jakm pohybem se budeme zabvat?.........................................................36 3.2 ..POLOHA, POLOHOV VEKTOR ........................................................................................37 3.3 ..TRAJEKTORIE, DRHA, POSUNUT ..................................................................................39 3.4 ..PRMRN RYCHLOST ...................................................................................................42 3.5 ..OKAMIT RYCHLOST ...................................................................................................44 3.6 ..ZRYCHLENI ....................................................................................................................46 3.7 ..VOLN PD, SVISL VRH ...............................................................................................51 3.8 ..IKM VRH ....................................................................................................................54 3.9 ..VODOROVN VRH ..........................................................................................................58 3.10 ROVNOMRN POHYB PO KRUNICI ...............................................................................59 3.11 ROVNOMRN ZRYCHLEN (ZPOMALEN) POHYB PO KRUNICI ...................................63 3.12 PEHLEDN TABULKY POHYB HMOTNHO BODU .........................................................65 3.13 DODATKY...................................................................................................................66 4 DYNAMIKA .................................................................................................................... 69 4.1 ..NEWTONOVSK MECHANIKA .........................................................................................69 4.2 ..HMOTNOST, SLA ...........................................................................................................69 4.3 ..O VZJEMNM PSOBEN TLES ....................................................................................70 4.4 ..PRVN NEWTONV POHYBOV ZKON ZKON SETRVANOSTI ...................................70 4.5 ..DRUH NEWTONV POHYBOV ZKON ZKON SLY ..................................................71 4.6 ..TET NEWTONV POHYBOV ZKON ZKON AKCE A REAKCE ..................................74 4.7 ..NKTER TYPY SIL .........................................................................................................75 4.7.1 Thov sla..................................................................................................76 4.7.2 Kolm tlakov sla .....................................................................................77 4.7.3 Tahov sla.................................................................................................78 4.7.4 Tec sla ....................................................................................................80
3 4.7.5 Dostediv sla...........................................................................................84 4.8 ..HYBNOST .......................................................................................................................87 4.9 ..IMPULZ SLY A ZMNA HYBNOSTI...................................................................................89 4.10 KINETICK ENERGIE ......................................................................................................90 4.11 MECHANICK PRCE .....................................................................................................92 4.11.1 Prce konstantn sly..................................................................................92 4.11.2 Prce a kinetick energie ..........................................................................94 4.11.3 Prce thov sly.........................................................................................96 4.11.4 Prce promnn sly ..................................................................................97 4.12 POTENCILN ENERGIE...................................................................................................99 4.13 MECHANICK ENERGIE ................................................................................................101 4.14 VKON ........................................................................................................................102 4.15 INNOST ....................................................................................................................104 5 VOD DO ELEKTINY ............................................................................................. 108 VYBRAN KAPITOLY Z ELEKTINY ......................................................................................111 5.1 ..ELEKTRICK NBOJ V ELEKTROSTATICKM POLI.........................................................111 5.1.1 Elektrick nboj .......................................................................................111 5.1.2 Coulombv zkon.....................................................................................114 5.2 ..INTENZITA ELEKTRICKHO POLE ..................................................................................118 5.2.1 Elektrick silory ...................................................................................120 5.2.2 Bodov nboj v elektrickm poli..............................................................122 5.3 ..POTENCIL ELEKTRICKHO POLE .................................................................................124 5.3.1 Elektrick napt ......................................................................................127 5.3.2 Ekvipotenciln plochy.............................................................................129 5.4 ..ELEKTROSTATICK JEVY VE VODICH A NEVODICH .................................................130 5.4.1 Vodie a nevodie ....................................................................................130 5.4.2 Vlastn kapacita vodie............................................................................132 5.4.3 Kapacita kondenztoru ............................................................................133 5.4.4 Energie nabitho kondenztoru ...............................................................136 5.4.5 azen kondenztor................................................................................137 5.5 ..OBVODY ............................................................. CHYBA! ZLOKA NEN DEFINOVNA. 6 7 ZVREN TEST .................................................................................................... 151 SEZNAM POUIT LITERATURY ......................................................................... 156
Seznam obrzk
OBR. 2.1: OBR. 2.2: OBR. 2.3: OBR. 2.4: OBR. 2.5: OBR. 2.6: OBR. 2.7: OBR. 2.8: OBR. 2.9: OBR. 2.10: OBR. 2.11: OBR. 2.12: OBR. 3.1: OBR. 3.2: OBR. 3.3: OBR. 3.4: OBR. 3.5: OBR. 3.6: OBR. 3.7: OBR. 3.8: OBR. 3.9: OBR. 3.10: OBR. 3.11: OBR. 3.12: OBR. 3.13: OBR. 3.14: OBR. 3.15: OBR. 3.16: OBR. 4.1: OBR. 4.2: OBR. 4.3: OBR. 4.4: OBR. 4.5: OBR. 4.6: OBR. 4.7: OBR. 4.8: OBR. 5.1: OBR. 5.2: OBR. 5.3: OBR. 5.4: OBR. 5.5: OBR. 5.6: OBR. 5.7: OBR. 5.8: OBR. 5.9: OBR. 5.10: