S GD & T PH YN K THI CHN HC SINH GII CP TNH

----------- LP 9 THCS NM HC 2008-2009.

MN THI: HA HC
THI GIAN: 150 PHT (khng k thi gian pht )
( thi c 02 trang)

H v tn th sinh: ....................................................................... S BD: .............

Cu 1. (3,0im)
a. Mt nguyn t X c th to thnh vi Al hp cht kiu AlaXb, mi phn t gm 5 nguyn t,
khi lng phn t 150 vC. Xc nh X, gi tn hp cht AlaXb.
b. Y l mt oxit kim loi cha 70% kim loi (v khi lng). Cn dng bao nhiu ml dung dch
H2SO4 24,5% (d = 1,2g/ml) ha tan va 40,0gam Y.
Cu 2. (2,0im)
Trn hai s mol bng nhau ca C3H8 v O2 ri cho vo mt bnh kn c dung tch V lt 25
0
C t
p sut P1 atm, sau bt tia la in t chy hn hp. Sau khi kt thc phn ng, hn hp sn
phm c a v iu kin nhit ban u, p sut trong bnh lc ny t gi tr P2 atm. Tnh t
l
1
2
P
P
(gi s ch xy ra phn ng C3H8 + O2

CO2 + H2O).
Cu 3. (3,0im)
Cho s phn ng sau:



Bit A l tinh bt v F l bari sunfat.
Hy chn cc cht X, B, C1, C2, Y1, Y2, D1, D2, Z1, Z2, E1, E2, I1, I2 trong s cc cht sau: natri
sunfat; cacbon ioxit; bari clorua; axit axetic; glucoz; ru (ancol) etylic; nc; bari cacbonat;
axit clohiric; bari axetat; bari hiroxit; bari; oxi; amoni sunfat tha mn s phn ng cho.
Vit cc phng trnh phn ng ha hc (ghi r iu kin nu c) theo s bin ha .
Cu 4. (2,5im)
Cho mt mu vi (CaCO3) vo ng nghim c cha 10,0ml dung dch HCl 1,0M. C sau 30
giy ngi ta o th tch kh CO2 thot ra ( iu kin tiu chun), c kt qu nh sau:
Thi gian (giy) 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 200
Th tch kh CO2 (cm
3
) 0 30 52 78 80 88 91 91
a. Kt qu o thi im no c nghi ng l sai lm? Gii thch?
b. Gii thch ti sao phn ng dng li thi im 180 giy?
c. Khong thi gian no phn ng xy ra nhanh nht? C nhng bin php no phn ng xy ra
nhanh hn?
d. th nghim trn, nu thay 10,0ml dung dch HCl 1,0M bng 10,0ml dung dch H2SO4 0,5M th
th tch kh CO2 thot ra trong cc thi im c ging nhau khng? Gii thch?

CHNH THC
A
+ X, xc tc
B
men
C1
C2
D1
+Y1 +Z1
E1 F
+ I1
D2
+Y2 +Z2
E2 F
+ I2
Cu 5. (3,5im)
Cho cc l cha cc dung dch (ring bit): NH4Cl; Zn(NO3)2; (NH4)2SO4; NaCl; phenolphtalein;
Na2SO4; HCl b mt nhn. Ch dng thm dung dch Ba(OH)2 lm thuc th c th nhn bit c
bao nhiu cht trong s cc cht cho? Vit cc phng trnh phn ng ha hc minh ha.

Cu 6. (2,0im)
Dn H2 n d i qua 25,6gam hn hp X gm Fe3O4, MgO, CuO (nung nng) cho n khi phn
ng xy hon ton. Sau phn ng thu c 20,8gam cht rn. Mt khc 0,15mol hn hp X tc
dng va vi 225ml dung dch HCl 2,0M.
a. Vit cc phng trnh phn xy ra.
b. Tnh % s mol cc cht trong hn hp X?
Cu 7. (2,0im)
t chy mt hidrocacbon X th kh vi 0,96gam kh oxi trong mt bnh kn ri cho cc sn phm
sau phn ng ln lt i qua bnh (1) cha CaCl2 khan (d); bnh (2) cha dung dch Ca(OH)2 d.
Sau th nghim thy bnh (2) thu c 1,5gam kt ta v cui cng cn 0,112lt (ktc) mt cht
kh duy nht thot ra. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca hidrocacbon X. Bit cc phn ng xy ra
hon ton.
Cu 8. (2,0im)
Ha tan hon ton 10,2gam mt oxit kim loi ha tr III cn 331,8gam dung dch H2SO4 va .
Dung dch mui sau phn ng c nng 10%. Xc nh cng thc phn t oxit kim loi?


-----------------------------HT-----------------------------

Cho: C=12; H=1; Na=23; O=16; Al=27; Fe=56; Ca=40; Mg=24; Cu=64; S=32; Cl=35,5

Lu : Th sinh c php s dng bng tun hon trong khi lm bi.


Ch k ca gim th 1: .................................... Ch k ca gim th 2: ............................
















MN : HO HC
Thi gian lm bi : 150
------------------------------------------------

Cu 1: (2,0 im )
a) Ch c dng thm qu tm,lm th no nhn bit c cc dung dch mt nhn: NaHSO4,
Na2CO3, Na2SO3, BaCl2, Na2S. Vit c c PTHH xy ra.
b) Nu phng php nhn bit s c mt ca mi kh trong hn hp gm: CO, SO2, SO3, C2H2.
Vit cc PTHH xy ra.
Cu 2: (2,0 im) Hon thnh dy chuyn ho ho hc sau y ( mi mi tn vit 1 PTHH v ghi
r iu kin nu c). Bit rng phn ng (1) khng phi phn ng nhit phn. Mi ch ci trong
s l mt cht khc nhau.
+ M + N
A B C

X X X X

+P + Q
D E G

Cu 3: (2,0 im) C 3 hirocacbon A,B,C c cng thc tng qut l :
A: CxH2x +2 B: CxH2x C: CxH2x-2
Bit d B/A=1,4 v d A/C = 0,75
Tm CTPT v vit CTCT c th c ca cc hirocacbon A, B, C
Cu 4: (3,0 im) Ha tan hon ton 14,2 gam hn hp A gm MgCO3 v mui cacbonat ca
kim loi M bng mt lng va dung dch HCl 7,3% th thu c dung dch B c nng
MgCl2 trong dung dch l 6,028% ng thi thu c 3,36 lt kh (ktc) . Xc nh kim loi M.
Cu 5:(2,0 im) Ha tan hon ton 2,81 gam Fe2O3 ,MgO,ZnO trong 500 ml dung dch axit
H2SO4 0,1M (va ). C cn dung dch sau phn ng th thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan?.
Cu 6: (2,5 im) Cho hn hp A gm 2,8g Fe v 0,81g Al vo 200ml dung dch B cha AgNO3
v Cu(NO3)2. Phn ng kt thc thu c dd C v 8,12g cht rn D gm 3 kim loi.Cho D tc
dng vi dd HCl d thu c 0,672 lt ( ktc).
a) Rn D gm nhng kim loi no ?
b) Xc nh nng mol ca AgNO3 v Cu(NO3)2 trong dung dch B.
Cu 7 :(3,0 im)
Trn 5 lt hn hp gm (CH4 v C2H4) vi 5 lt H2 ri nung nng hn hp ( c xc tc bt Ni) cho
n khi phn ng hon ton. Sau khi a hn hp tr li iu kin nhit v p sut ban u th
th tch kh tng cng ch cn li 8 lt. Dn lng kh ny qua dung dch brm.( Cc th tch kh
o cng nhit , p sut ).
a) Dung dch brm c b thay i g hay khng?
b) Tnh thnh phn % theo th tch ca CH4 v C2H4 trong hn hp.
c) Nu thay etylen bng axetylen cng th tch th tng th tch kh thu c sau phn ng l bao
nhiu ?
Cu 8: (3,5im)
(1)
(3)
(2)
(4)
(6)
(8) (5)
(7)
E KHAO SAT HOC SINH GIOI
akp 3/2008
Hn hp kh X gm mt hirocacbon A mch h v H2. t chy hon ton 8 gam hn hp X th
thu c 22 gam kh CO2. Mt khc 8 gam X tc dng va vi 250ml dung dch Br2 1M.
a) Phn t cht A c lin kt n ? lin kt i ? hay lin kt ba ? T xut mt cng thc
tng qut ca A thch hp nht ?
b) Xc nh CTPT ca A v thnh phn % th tch ca mi kh trong hn hp X.
-------------------H T--------------------

Lu : Hc sinh c php s dng bng tun hon cc nguyn t ho hc




































PHNG GIO DC V O TO AK P

CHNH THC
( VNG 1)
K THI CHN HC SINH GII CP HUYN
NM HC: 2008-2009
Mn : Ha hc Lp : 9
Thi gian: 150 pht
( Khng k thi gian giao )
BI:

Cu 1: (4im)
Hai thanh kim loi ging nhau ( u cng nguyn t R, ha tr II) v cng khi lng. Cho
thanh th nht vo dung dch Cu(NO3)2 v thanh th hai vo dung dch Pb(NO3)2. Sau mt
thi gian khi s mol hai mui phn ng bng nhau, ly hai thanh kim loi khi dung dch
thy khi lng thanh th nht gim 0,2%, cn thanh th hai tng 28,4%. Xc nh R.

Cu 2: (4 im)
Nung 25,28 gam hn hp FeCO3 v FexOy ti phn ng hon ton, thu c kh A v 22,4
gam Fe2O3 duy nht. Cho kh A hp th hon ton vo 400ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,15M
thu c 7,88 gam kt ta.
a) Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra.
b) Tm cng thc phn t ca FexOy.

Cu 3: (5im)
Cho 80g bt Cu vo 200 ml dung dch AgNO3, sau mt thi gian phn ng, em lc thu
c dung dch A v 95,2 g cht rn B. Cho 80 g bt Pb vo dung dch A, phn ng xong
em lc th tch c dung dch D ch cha mt mui duy nht v 67,05 g cht rn E. Cho
40 g bt kim loi R (c ho tr II ) vo 1/10 dung dch D, sau phn ng hon ton em lc
th tch c 44,575 g cht rn F. Tnh nng mol ca dung dch AgNO3 v xc nh
kim loi R.

Cu 4 ( 7 im)
Hn hp X c MgO v CaO. Hn hp Y c MgO v Al2O3. Lng X bng lng Y bng
9,6 gam. S gam MgO trong X bng 1,125 ln s gam MgO trong Y. Cho X v Y u tc
dng vi 100ml HCl 19,87% (d = 1,047 g/ml) th c dung dch X v dung dch Y. Khi
cho X tc dng ht vi Na2CO3 th c 1,904 dm
3
kh CO2 thot ra ( o ktc).
a) Tm % lng X v nng % ca dung dch X.
b) Hi Y c tan ht khng ? Nu cho 340 ml KOH 2M vo dung dch Y th tch ra bao
nhiu gam kt ta.

( Cho bit: Fe = 56 ; C =12; O = 16 ; Ba = 137 ; H =1 ; Ag = 108 ; N =14 ; Pb = 207 ;
Mg = 24 ; Ca = 40 ; Al = 27 ; Na =23 ; K =39 )
--------------------HT--------------------

A=
CHUYN NG PHN DANH PHP

I. PHNG PHP GII V MT S CH
1. Khi nim ng phn
Cc hp cht hu c c cng cng thc phn t nhng c cu to ha hc khc nhau, dn ti
tnh cht ha hc khc nhau c gi l cc cht ng phn ca nhau.

2. Cc loi ng phn thng gp tronh chng trnh ha hc ph thng
- ng phn mch cc bon ( Mch khng nhnh, mch c nhnh, mch vng)
- ng phn nhm chc ng phn
cu to
- ng phn v tr ( v tr lin kt bi, v tr nhm chc)

- ng phn hnh hc (cis trans)

3. Cng thc tnh nhanh mt s ng phn thng gp

TT CTPT HP CHT CNG THC
TNH
GHI CH

1


CnH2n + 2O
Ancol n chc, no, mch h
2
2
n

1 < n < 6

Ete n chc, no, mch h
( 1)( 2)
2
n n


2 < n < 6

2

CnH2nO

Anehit n chc, no, mch h
( 2)( 3)
2
n n


2 < n < 7
Xeton n chc, no, mch h
3
2
n

2 < n < 7

3

CnH2nO2
Axit no, n chc, mch h
3
2
n

2 < n < 7
Este n chc, no, mch h
2
2
n

1 < n < 5
4 CnH2n + 3N Amin n chc, no, mch h
1
2
n

1 < n < 5

4. Cc nhm chc thng gp v s lin kt t ca nhm chc
- bt bo ha A ca mt hp cht hu c l tng s lin kt t v s vng trong mt hp
cht hu c.
Cng thc tnh: 2 + E[S nguyn t tng nguyn t (ha tr ca nguyn t - 2) ]
2
VD: Hp cht hu c c cng thc phn t CxHyOzNtXq (X l halogen) th ta c:
2 2
2
x y q t + +
A =
Ch : - Cng thc tnh trn ch p dng cho hp cht cng ha tr.
- Cc nguyn t ha tr II nh oxi, lu hunh khng nh hng ti bt bo ha.
- 1 lin kt i ( = ) bt bo ha 1 A =
- 1 lin kt ba ( ) bt bo ha 2 A =
- 1 vng no bt bo ha 1 A =
H
O -
O - H
VD: - Benzen: C6H6 c
2.6 2 6
4
2
+
A = = Phn t c 3 lin kt t + 1 vng = 4.

- Stiren: C7H8 c
2.7 2 6
5
2
+
A = = Phn t c 4 lin kt t + 1 vng = 5.
H

Mt s nhm chc thng gp v s lin kt t ca nhm chc

TT NHM CHC CNG THC CU TO S LIN KT t
1 Ancol - OH - O H 0
2 Ete - O - 0
3
Xeton (cacbonyl)

- CO-
||
C
O



1
4
Anehit (fomyl)

- CHO
||
C
O



1
5
Axit (cacboxyl)

- COOH
||
C
O



1
6
Este

- COO -
||
C
O



1

5. Cc bc thng dng vit cng thc cu to hay xc nh cc ng phn
Bc 1: Tnh bt bo ha (s lin kt t v s vng).
Bc 2: Da vo s lng cc nguyn t O, N, v bt bo ha xc nh cc nhm
chc ph hp (v d nh nhm OH, -CHO, -COOH, -NH2, ). ng thi xc nh bt bo
ha trong phn gc hirocacbon.
Bc 3: Vit cu trc mch cacbon (khng phn nhnh, c nhnh, vng) v a lin kt bi
(i, ba) vo mch cacbon nu c.
Bc 4: a nhm chc vo mch cacbon (thng thng cc nhm chc cha cacbon
thng c a lun vo mch bc 3). Lu n trng hp km bn hoc khng tn ti
ca nhm chc (v d nhm OH khng bn v s b chuyn v khi gn vi cacbon c lin kt
bi).
Bc 5: in s H vo m bo ha tr ca cc nguyn t, sau xt ng phn hnh
hc nu c. Ch vi cc bi tp trc nghim c th khng cn in s nguyn t H.

CH = CH2