1. Nguyn l truyn nh tnh v phn loi my FAX. Nguyn l truyn nh tnh.

. Truyn nh tnh l dch v sao chp t xa vi tc cao nh tn hiu in truyn dn trong mng in thoi, tn hiu fax l analog. - Bc nh gc cn truyn i c chia thnh nhng phn t nguyn t nh (Pixel), tp hp thnh dng nh(qut ngang) v mch nh (qut dc). - Bn pht thc hin s bin i ln lt sng trung bnh ca mi phn t nh gc thnh mc tng ng t l ca tn hiu in. S ln lt vi quy lut xc nh ca cc phn t nh gi l qut (qut dng, mnh). - H thng quang hc c bit s to ra vt sng qut, tn hiu (to ra khi qut nh gc bn mt pht) c truyn dn ti my thu. Bn thu thc hin ngc li, l bin i tn hiu in thnh hnh nh trn vt mang tin (giy fax). - Do c tnh ca th gic chng ta chp nhn bc nh thu c c cm gic th gic tng t ch khng nht thit y ht cm gic th gic vi nh gc. S phn b bc sng trn nh nhn phi t l vi s phn b bc sng trn nh gc. i vi loi vn bn ch cn truyn nt, th ch cn mt bc sng ca nt ni ln mt bc sng ca nn l . Cc thit b truyn nh tnh loi truyn nt l n gin nht. Phc tp hn l loi Fax yu cu truyn nhiu cp sng, vid: 16 cp. - So vi truyn nh ng (TV), tc truyn tin ca truyn nh tnh thp hn nhiu. Nh vy c th s dng knh thoi truyn nh tnh. - in bo truyn nh tnh (Fax) khng nhng truyn ni dung vn bn (nh in bo truyn ch) m cn truyn cu trc khng gian ca vn bn gc. Fax c dng truyn cc vn bn sao xa gi nguyn hnh thc php l ca n. - Fax rt tin li truyn vn bn ch tng hnh. Mt ng dng quan trng ca Fax l truyn trang bo nhm pht hnh mt t bo trung ng cc a phng xa.

 Phn loi my FAX. Lch s Fax bt u 1842, nhng mi c pht trin rng 3 thp k gn y, u tin l loi my c in, k thut pht trin ngy cng cao nn dng my in t quang. Fax c chia lm 4 nhm: a. Nhm G1 - Truyn dn tng t, iu ch FM. - Tn hiu mc trng: 1300 Hz. - Tn hiu mc en : 2100 Hz. - phn gii : 96 dng/1inches. - Tc truyn 1 trang A4 ht 6 pht. b. Nhm G2 - C cc ch tiu ging nhm G1 nhng c tc cao hn. - Truyn 1 trang A4 ht 3 pht. c. Nhm G3 - Truyn dn s PCM. - C mc en / trng hoc c 32 cp sng. - Dng k thut iu ch PSK, QAM t tc n 9600 baud. - phn gii 200 dng/1inches. - Tc truyn 1 trang A4 ht 1 pht. d. Nhm G4 - Nhm G4 c thit k cho mng ISDN, c tc truyn dn 56kbit/s. - phn gii 400 dng/1inches. - Tc truyn 1 trang A4 ht 5 giy. 2. Cc ch tiu k thut ca my FAX. a. Kch thc, hnh dng vt sng qut Yu cu i vi vt sng qut l: hi t tt, vi kh nng phn gii cao, chi ln, khng nho, c kch thc v hnh dng chnh xc. thc hin yu cu trn,

my fax dng cc h thng thu knh v tm chn tinh vi, ngun sng l loi n c bit c cung cp ngun mt chiu n p, n dng hay dng cao tn n p. Gii hn ca nt theo yu cu s dng, thng thng kch thc vt sng khng cn nh hn phn gii ca mt (0,05 0,07 mm c ly 250 mm). Dng vt sng qut hnh trn (ng knh dn) n gin hn dng vt sng qut hnh ch nht (cnh b vung gc vi phng qut dng). - Vt qut trn: dn = (0,92 1)dmin . Trong : dmin l phn gii yu cu. - Vt qut hnh c nht: b = dn, a < b. - Dng qut hnh ch nht c nt tt hn. V d: Fax truyn vn bn: dmin = 0,3 mm. Fax truyn nh: dmin = 0,1 mm. Fax truyn trang bo: dmin = 0,06 mm chnh xc ca vt sng qut trn trang bo l 5 Mm, do yu cu n nh cng sng 5% v bin rung c kh 0,03 mm. b. C ky hng qut () - ln th tc qut ln nhng hnh nh nhn c c xc. - nh th tc qut chm nhng hnh nh thu c mn v u. Trong thc t thng chn = dmin.

dn

Vx
Vy

b a Hnh 3.1: Hnh dng vt sng qut.

L
Hnh 3.2: Qut trong Fax.

c. Kch thc nh nh hnh ch nht c nhiu kh tiu chun: - Kh giy A4 = 210 x 335 mm. - Truyn trang bo 420 x 610 mm. d. Tc qut (N) N l s dng qut c trong 1 pht. Trong trng hp nh gc c nh trn trng quay, th N chnh l tc quay ca trng N vng/ pht. - My NABA c N = 60, 120, 250 dng/pht. - Truyn trang bo N = 3.000 dng/pht. e. Thi gian pht mt nh 1 pht qut N dng, thi gian qut 1 dng l 60/N (s). Vy: - Tc qut dng.
Vy l 60 / n

S dng qut mt nh: L/. Thi gian pht mt nh: L/N (pht) = L/N.60 (s). Vy: - Tc qut mnh

Vx

n
60

f. Ch s tc dng tng h (h s hp tc M) My pht v my thu c cng h s hp tc th nh thu mi ng dng c vi nh pht. lt/lp = Lp/Lp suy ra Vxt/Vxp = Vyt/. Do : Vxt/Vyt = Vxp/Vyp = M = l/. V d: Truyn Fax thng M = 264. Truyn trang bo M = 3100. Lt
Hnh 3.3: Thu v pht theo cung h s M.

lp lt

Lp

g. ng b Bn pht v bn thu c tc qut khc nhau (khng ng b) hoc khng ng thi bt u mi dng qut, mi mnh qut gia chng (khng ng pha) u dn n s nghing nh. Bng mt bng trng phn x 100% nh sng c nh mp nh, my thu nhn c tn hiu ng b dng, ng b mnh. h. Di tn tn hiu Fax Di tn tn hiu ca thng tin fax c tnh t Fmin Fmax. Trong : - Truyn Fax thng - Truyn trang bo Fmin = 0 Hz. Fmax =1465 Hz. Fmax =180.000 Hz.

Di tn tn hiu Fax thng tuy hp nhng nm ngoi di tn thoi m tn (300 3400 Hz) nn phi dng modem truyn Fax qua mng in thoi, thc t modem c thit k trong my Fax. 3. TB s v nguyn l hd ca khi pht ca my in bo S Cc t.h bt song song Phm
Nh

M
Cht

Cc t.h bt ni tip Hoc

Tn hiu in bo 5 bit

Phn phi

Dng

nh thi

Khi

Hnh 3.8: S khi phn pht my in bo truyn ch

 Nguyn l hot ng - in bo vin n mt phm th mt t m c chn v c cu khi ng lm vic: + b V xy ra qu trnh 5 bt t song song chuyn sang n i tip. b Hoc gp 5 bt tin v i n v Khi v n v Dng to ra t m y . + Trong qu trnh 5 bt cha bin i ht t song song sang ni tip th b M v b Khi cht gi t m chn n lm vic khng b ri lon. - Khi tn hiu Dng kt thc s lm vic th a b Khi v trng thi ban u nh b M gii phng tip nhn mt t m t tc ng n n phm tip theo. - B nh thi chun thi gian. - B Phn phi to ra th t thi gian 5 bit tin. - ngha vic chuyn i 5 bt song song sang ni tip l chuyn t 5 knh truyn dn thnh 1 knh truyn dn v do tc ca my cao hn kh nng thao tc ca con ngi, v vy vic chuyn i cn phi hp gia con ngi v my.

4. TB s v nguyn l hd ca khi thu my in bo S

 Nguyn l hot ng
- phn thu phi tip nhn 5 bt ni tip chuyn thnh 5 bt song song, tin hnh gii m v in ra k t vn bn. - Mch vo phi ghp n cc knh truyn dn nng cao t s tn hiu trn tp m (S/N). - B Khi c khi ng t n v khi ca t m nhn c. - B Phn phi to ra th t thi gian ca 5 bt tin b V xc nh gi tr bt v ghi gi tr vo phn t tng ng th t bit - c 5 phn t nh. - B Trch mu xc nh nhn c bit 1 hay bit 0. - B Dng c khi ng bi n v dng ca t m nhn c t b Dng a ti. - B Phn phi a my v trng thi ban u, tc l my thu sn sng tip nhn t m mi, ng thi b Dng tc ng vo b Khi in - Dng in quy nh thi gian in i vi t m va c gii phng xong. 5. Trnh by s khi v nguyn tc hot ng ca my con trong my in thoi v tuyn ko di?

 Nguyn tc hot ng M my m, nhn m mi quay s - Khi my con bt my th b to xung code hot ng, xung code c iu ch v khuch i pht ln ngten n my m. - My m s thu v, qua khuch i cao tn, sau qua i tn ln 1 c tn hiu trung tn 1, qua khuch i v lc sau qua i tn ln 2 c trung tn 2 (455 KHz), sau c tch sng ly li tn hiu xung cole (trng hp m my), xung ny c b gii m code so snh vi 1 b dao ng chun nm trong IC, nu 2 tn s trng nhau th b gii m s a ra iu khin zle khng ch ng mch. ng thi iu khin b iu ch FM hot ng c tn hiu m mi quay s (hoc bo bn) t tng i a ti, ri a n khuch i m, khuch i cng sut pht ln ngten, n my con. - My con s thu v, phn thu ca my con gi ng phn thu ca my m, tn hi u m mi quay s (hoc bo b n) sau khi c tch sng, s khuch i a ra tai nghe. Pht tn hiu chn s ch tone - Khi pht tn hiu chn s ch tone th xung code lun c pht t my con n my m v zle my m lun ng (khp kn mch vng ng dy thu bao). - Tn hiu tone (m lng m a tn) my con c pht t b gii m s, qua b khuch i m tn, ri c iu ch v qua khuch i, pht ln ngten n my m. - My m s thu v qua khuch i cao tn v cc mch i tn, trung tn, tch sng, qua khuch i m tn, tn hiu m lng m a tn ln ri qua bin p sai ng pht ln ng dy ti tng i. Pht tn hiu chn s ch pulse

- Khi pht chn s ch pulse th my con, b gii m s s iu khin nhp b to xung code theo m thp phn, qua iu ch FM v khuch i pht ln ngten lc c, lc khng theo nhp xung thp phn tng ng vi con s n trn bn phm. - my m, thu c tn hiu pulse t my con pht ti, qua khuch i cao tn, qua cc tng i tn, lc v khuch i trung tn, qua tch sng, n mch gii m code iu khin zle chp nh khp kn v h mch vng ng dy thu bao to ra xung thp phn tng ng vi con s n trn bn phm ca my con, pht ln ng dy ti tng i. Thu pht thoi * Pht thoi - my con: tn hiu thoi t mic, qua khuch i m tn, qua mch iu ch FM, qua khuch i m v khuch i cng sut pht ln ngten ti my m. - my m: tn hiu cao tn thu t ngten vo b khuch i cao tn, qua cc mch i tn, lc v khuch i trung tn, qua tch sng ly ra tn hiu m tn thoi ri qua khuch i m tn, qua bin p sai ng pht ln ng dy ti tng i. * Thu thoi - my m: tn hiu thoi t tng i a ti, qua bin p sai ng, qua mch khuch i m tn, qua iu ch FM, sau qua cc mch khuch i m, khuch i cng sut pht ln ngten ti my con. - my con: tn hiu cao tn vo b khuch i cao tn, qua cc mch i tn, lc v khuch i trung tn, qua tch sng c tn hiu m tn thoi ri qua khuch i m tn a ra tai nghe. Thu chung - my m: tn hiu chung t tng i thng qua t C ti b thu chung, s to ra in p mt chiu cung cp nng lng cho mch dao ng chung m tn

hot ng, tn hiu chung m tn c a sang iu ch FM, ri qua cc mch khuch i m, khuch i cng sut pht ln ngten ti my con. - my con: tn hiu cao tn vo mch khuch i cao tn, qua cc mch i tn, lc v khuch i trung tn, qua mch lc chung ly c tn hiu chung m tn ri qua khuch i, tn hiu chung c a ra a pht m. 6. Trnh by s khi v nguyn tc hot ng ca my m trong my in thoi v tuyn ko di?

Nguyn tc hot ng M my m, nhn m mi quay s - Khi my con bt my th b to xung code hot ng, xung code c iu ch v khuch i pht ln ngten n my m. - My m s thu v, qua khuch i cao tn, sau qua i tn ln 1 c tn hiu trung tn 1, qua khuch i v lc sau qua i tn ln 2 c trung tn 2 (455 KHz), sau c tch sng ly li tn hiu xung cole (trng hp m my), xung ny c b gii m code so snh vi 1 b dao ng chun nm trong

IC, nu 2 tn s trng nhau th b gii m s a ra iu khin zle khng ch ng mch. ng thi iu khin b iu ch FM hot ng c tn hiu m mi quay s (hoc bo bn) t tng i a ti, ri a n khuch i m, khuch i cng sut pht ln ngten, n my con. - My con s thu v, phn thu ca my con gi ng phn thu ca my m, tn hi u m mi quay s (hoc bo b n) sau khi c tch sng, s khuch i a ra tai nghe. Pht tn hiu chn s ch tone - Khi pht tn hiu chn s ch tone th xung code lun c pht t my con n my m v zle my m lun ng (khp kn mch vng ng dy thu bao). - Tn hiu tone (m lng m a tn) my con c pht t b gii m s, qua b khuch i m tn, ri c iu ch v qua khuch i, pht ln ngten n my m. - My m s thu v qua khuch i cao tn v cc mch i tn, trung tn, tch sng, qua khuch i m tn, tn hiu m lng m a tn ln ri qua bin p sai ng pht ln ng dy ti tng i. Pht tn hiu chn s ch pulse - Khi pht chn s ch pulse th my con, b gii m s s iu khin nhp b to xung code theo m thp phn, qua iu ch FM v khuch i pht ln ngten lc c, lc khng theo nhp xung thp phn tng ng vi con s n trn bn phm. - my m, thu c tn hiu pulse t my con pht ti, qua khuch i cao tn, qua cc tng i tn, lc v khuch i trung tn, qua tch sng, n mch gii m code iu khin zle chp nh khp kn v h mch vng ng dy thu

bao to ra xung thp phn tng ng vi con s n trn bn phm ca my con, pht ln ng dy ti tng i. Thu pht thoi * Pht thoi - my con: tn hiu thoi t mic, qua khuch i m tn, qua mch iu ch FM, qua khuch i m v khuch i cng sut pht ln ngten ti my m. - my m: tn hiu cao tn thu t ngten vo b khuch i cao tn, qua cc mch i tn, lc v khuch i trung tn, qua tch sng ly ra tn hiu m tn thoi ri qua khuch i m tn, qua bin p sai ng pht ln ng dy ti tng i. * Thu thoi - my m: tn hiu thoi t tng i a ti, qua bin p sai ng, qua mch khuch i m tn, qua iu ch FM, sau qua cc mch khuch i m, khuch i cng sut pht ln ngten ti my con. - my con: tn hiu cao tn vo b khuch i cao tn, qua cc mch i tn, lc v khuch i trung tn, qua tch sng c tn hiu m tn thoi ri qua khuch i m tn a ra tai nghe. Thu chung - my m: tn hiu chung t tng i thng qua t C ti b thu chung, s to ra in p mt chiu cung cp nng lng cho mch dao ng chung m tn hot ng, tn hiu chung m tn c a sang iu ch FM, ri qua cc mch khuch i m, khuch i cng sut pht ln ngten ti my con. - my con: tn hiu cao tn vo mch khuch i cao tn, qua cc mch i tn, lc v khuch i trung tn, qua mch lc chung ly c tn hiu chung m tn ri qua khuch i, tn hiu chung c a ra a pht m.

7. V s khi v gii thch nguyn tc lm vic ca mch pht tn hiu chn s ch Tone trong my in thoi c nh n phm? S khi

Hnh 3.40: S khi mch pht tn hiu chn s ch Tone. Chc nng cc khi v nguyn tc lm vic - Mt b dao ng bng tinh th thch anh c lm vic n nh, tn s dao ng chnh xc khng cn iu chnh bng linh kin bn ngoi. Thng thng tn s ch pht ra l 3.57945 MHz. Tn s ny ng thi c a ti b ghi s hnh sin nhm tn s thp v nhm tn s cao phn tn (Chia tn). - B ghi s nhm tn s thp chu s khng ch tn hiu hng ngang ca bn phm, cn b ghi s hnh sin nhm tn s cao chu s khng ch tn hiu hng dc ca bn phm, tc l tn hiu hng dc, hng ngang t tip im bn phm l ngun khng ch. - Tn hiu t hai b ghi s l tn hiu s, c a qua b bin i s/ tng t (D/A), ta c nhm tn hiu tn s thp v nhm tn hiu tn s cao hnh sin.

- Hai tn hiu m tn nhm cao v nhm thp c a vo b khuch i trn tn, tn hiu c lc v khuch i mc a ra l m lng m a tn (DTMF), ri qua mch pht thoi ra ng dy ti tng i. Vy c n nt mt con s, s c hai tn s m tn thp v cao tng ng vi ma trn hng v ct trn bn phm ca con s va n, qua mch pht thoi pht ln ng dy ti tng i. 8. V s khi v gii thch nguyn tc lm vic ca mch pht tn hiu chn s ch Tone trong my in thoi c nh n phm? S khi

Hnh 3.38: S khi mch pht tn hiu chn s ch Pulse. Chc nng cc khi v nguyn tc lm vic - Khi m ho: C nhim v gim st lin tc cc ca vo xem c nt no c n khng, n c mch kim tra thi gian loi tr trng hp tip im ng bt nhiu ln cho mt ln n s.

- Khi b nh: nh cc loi xung m ho t cc con s n nt trn bn phm, sau n s pht i vi tc danh nh. - Vit a ch: Lm nhim v hng dn cc m s vo ng a ch cn thit trong b nh. - c a ch: hng dn th t vic c ra cc ch s ghi vo b nh, mch ny cn hng dn theo th t t u khi quay s li. - Mch dao ng: Dng tinh th thch anh to ra dao ng xung c tn s ch n nh cung cp cho cc mch m v ghi trong b iu khin v o thi gian. - Mch xut: gi cc xung a ch, c pht xung s ti tng i v xung iu khin dit ting Clic. * Nu dng IC pht thng xung ln ng dy th s khng an ton v IC thng chu in p thp, do vy ngi ta dng m thm Tranzitor pht xung chn s ln ng dy. Bn cht ca pht xung chn s ch Pulse trong my in thoi n phm l khp kn mch vng ng dy thu bao v h mch vng ng dy thu bao theo ng cu to ca m thp phn. Thng thng, s dng Tranzitor lm chuyn mch in t mc ni tip vi cc mch in chc nng trong my trong mch cp ngun. 9. Trnh by cc phng thc gi s trong my in thoi c nh n phm? a. Phng thc gi s ch Pulse (Pht m thp phn) Khi cn pht i con s no ngi s dng in thoi c th quay s (i vi my in thoi quay s), hoc n mt phm tng ng vi con s cn pht i (i vi my in thoi n phm - nhng phi chuyn mch P - T v tr P).

My in thoi s pht i lot xung tng ng vi con s quay hoc n (m thp phn). V d: Mun gi (pht) s 1 ti tng i, th my in thoi pht i 1 xung Gi s 6, th my in thoi pht i 6 xung Gi s 0, th my in thoi pht i 10 xung.
Khng dng
61,5 ms 38,5 ms 100 ms

C dng

Hnh 3.36: Dng xung thp phn.

My in thoi pht i loi xung m thp phn c dng nh hnh 3.36, trong 1 xung c: - Thi gian khng c dng - Thi gian c dng - Thi gian 1 xung l : 61,5 ms (60 ms, 66,7 ms). : 38,5 ms (66,7 ms, 33,3ms). : 100 ms (sai s cho php 10%).

Nh vy trong 1 giy pht i ti a l 10 xung. - Thi gian ngh gia 2 lot xung (gia 2 con s) l 100 ms. * u im - Thit b to xung v thu xung n gin, d ch to, iu chnh v sa cha. * Nhc im - Ch tiu quan trng nht khi pht xung ti tng i l phi bo m tc pht xung. - Phng thc pht tn hiu chn s ch Pulse c thi gian gi xung ti tng i chm, d b nhm. b. Phng thc gi s ch Tone (Pht m lng m a tn - DTMF)

Phng thc pht tn hiu chn s bng ch Tone c s dng trong my in thoi n phm, khi pht bng phng thc ny chuyn mch P - T v tr T (tone). - Khi cn pht i 1 con s no ti tng i, my in thoi n phm pht i t hp 2 tn s m tn: 1 tn s s m thp v 1 tn s s m cao, tng ng vi tn s hng v tn s ct ca con s (m lng m a tn - DTMF). Ti tng i c b thu m lng m a tn xc nh ra con s m thu bao pht i. Phng thc ny ch dng cho my in thoi n phm, bn phm c ch to theo quy nh ca CCITT, cu to m lng m a tn nh hnh 3.37, c hai loi: - Loi 12 phm gm c 4 hng v 3 ct. - Loi 16 phm gm c 4 hng v 4 ct. * Xt loi 12 phm: - c nh s v cc tn s hng thuc nhm tn s thp v tn s ct thuc nhm tn s cao, nh hnh 1-15a..

a )

* Xt loi 16 phm: 3 ct u tng t loi 12 phm, ct 4 c tn s 1633 Hz, nh hnh 1-15b. - Khi n mt phm tc l cn pht i mt con s no trn bn phm, my in thoi s pht i mt t hp 2 tn s hng v ct tng ng vi phm c n.

V d: Khi n phm 1 th my in thoi s pht i 2 tn s l 697 Hz v 1209 Hz. Khi n phm 6 th my in thoi s pht i 2 tn s l 770 Hz v 1477 Hz. * u im - My c s dng bn phm nn c kch thc nh gn, bn p, khi pht nh nhng. - Phng thc pht tn hiu chn s ch Tone c tc gi s nhanh. * Nhc im - C kt cu mch phc tp c my in thoi v tng i pht v thu tn hiu lng m a tn - DTMF. 10. V s v gii thch chc nng cc khi trong mch pht thoi trong my in thoi c nh n phm? S

Hnh 3.27: S khi mch pht thoi. Chc nng cc khi v nguyn tc hot ng : - Mch ca vo: phi hp tr khng gia ng ni vi mch khuch i, ti mch ny tn hiu t ng ni (mic) c a ti mch ca vo, tn hiu s c khuch i v phi hp tr khng. Trong my in thoi thng s dng ng ni tnh in th mch vo c s dng FET hoc khuch i vi sai nhng mch ny c tr khng vo ln phi hp.

Mch

in ca vo c thc hin nh hnh 3.28.

Hnh 3.28: Mch in ca vo pht thoi. + R4 xc nh ch lm vic ca FET (Q1). + Q2 khuch i dng in v phi hp tr khng vi u vo ca Op.Amp. + iu chnh h s khuch i ca Op.Amp cn iu chnh R5. - Mch AGC (Auto Gain Coltrol): L mch c h s khuch i c t ng iu chnh. Tn hiu sau tng khuch i ca vo c a ti mch AGC, ti mch ny, tu theo c ly ng dy t my ti tng i m c h s khuch i thch hp. Mch in AGC c thc hin nh hnh 3.29.

Hnh 3.29: Mch t ng iu chnh h s khuch i (AGC) pht thoi.

H s khuch i ca mch Op.Amp c bn c xc nh bi R1 v Rin, ngoi ra cn mt ca vo iu khin, c tn hiu l in p t mch cm dng a ti t ng iu chnh h s khuch i ph hp vi khong cch t my ti tng i. - Mch xut m: Tn hiu sau mch AGC s c a ti mch khuch i cng sut nng cao cng sut pht ln ng dy, yu cu tng ny phi phi hp tr khng vi ng dy. Mch in xut m c thc hin nh hnh 3.30.

Hnh 3.30: Mch khuch i cng sut pht thoi. Trong mch hnh 3.30 c R3 xc nh im lm vic ca mch xut m v xc nh tr khng ra ca mch xut m nhn t pha ng dy. 11. V s v gii thch chc nng cc khi trong mch thu thoi trong my in thoi c nh n phm?

Hnh 3.31: S khi mch thu thoi.

 Chc nng cc khi v nguyn tc hot ng:

- Mch ca vo: phi hp tr khng gia cc mch khuch i vi ng

dy. Mch in ca vo c thc hin nh hnh 3.32

Hnh 3.32: Mch in ca vo thu thoi. - Mch AGC v xut m: Tn hiu sau khi qua mch ca vo, c a qua mch khuch i c h s khuch i c t ng iu chnh ri a tip sang mch khuch i cng sut ra ng nghe. Mch in AGC v mch xut m c thc hin nh hnh 3.33.

Hnh3.33: Mch khuch i AGC v khuch i cng sut thu thoi.

12. V s mch in v gii thch nguyn l lm vic ca mch thu

chung a m trong my in thoi c nh n phm?

Mch thu chung a m

Nguyn l lm vic - Tn hiu chung t tng i ti thng qua C1, R1, vo chn 1 v 8 ca IC c cu nn trong IC chnh lu thnh in p mt chiu, qua mch bo v v c lc bi t C3 a ti mch dit ting keng v n p to ra 2 in p n nh l: 40V cung cp cho mch xut m, 10V cung cp cho mch dao ng v logic pht a m. - Mch dao ng nm trong IC to ra tn s ch l 53 KHz c quyt nh bi linh kin bn ngoi l R2 v C2, tn s ch ny c a ti mch logic pht a m gm 2 mch chia: chia cho 24 c tn s f 1 = 2,3 KHz, chia cho 32 c tn s f2 = 1,66 KHz - Mt b m khc c m c 128 xung ca tn s f 1 = 2,3 KHz th chuyn sang tn s f2 = 1,66 KHz, ri m c 128 xung tn s f2 li quay v tn s f1..., khi tin hnh m chia a n mch xut m khuch i cung cp cho ti, c chuyn i chuyn li nh vy vi tn s chuyn l 6,25 Hz m m thanh nghe c c dng cao thp thnh tht. - Mch xut m ch c mt ca ra l chn 2, nu dng a pht m c th mc trc tip, nu dng loa phi thng qua mt bin p phi hp tr khng.

13. V s mch in v gii thch nguyn l lm vic ca mch thu chung n m bng Tranzito trong my in thoi c nh n phm? S

Hnh 3.17: Mch thu chung n m bng Tranzitor. Mch thu chung n m dng Tranzitor nh hnh. Trong : - C1: dn tn hiu chung xoay chiu v ngn thnh phn ngun mt chiu t tng i vo mch thu chung. - R1: st bt in p tn hiu chung t tng i. - D1, D2: l cc dit chnh lu tn hiu chung thnh in p mt chiu cung cp cho mch dao ng v khuch i chung. - C2: c tc dng lc thnh phn xoay chiu sau chnh lu. - DZ1: dit ting keng khi pht xung chn s. - Tranzitor Q: lm nhim v to dao ng v khuch i tn hiu chung. - R2, R3: nh thin cho Tranzitor Q. - C4 kt hp vi R3: to dao ng tn s chung m tn. - C3: dn hi tip v duy tr dao ng.

- R4 kt hp vi Piezo (a pht m): l ti ca Tranzitor Q.

Nguyn l lm vic
- Tn hiu chung xoay chiu t tng i a ti: Gi s +T, -R khi D1 phn cc ngc v tt, D2 phn cc thun thng, tn chung c chnh lu v lc bi t C2 cung cp nng lng cho mch dao ng v khuch i lm vic, khi mch s dao ng ra 1 tn s m tn t (1 3) KHz, tn s ny do C4 v R3 quyt nh, cung cp ra a pht m to nn m thanh. Khi a pht m ku, th trn a nh s c in p tn hiu c a v cc B ca Tranzitor Q gy hi tip duy tr dao ng. - 1/2 chu k tip theo ca in p tn hiu chung t tng i a ti, c cc tnh +R, -T th D2 phn cc ngc v tt, D1 phn cc thun v thng, tn hiu chung t tng i s khp kn qua D1, qua R1, qua C1. Nh vy mch thc hin chnh lu 1/2 chu k. - Ta thy mch thu chung l mch chung n m, ting chung nghe c ch l mt m theo nhp ca tng i.

14. V s mch in v gii thch nguyn l lm vic ca mch chn g o cc bng IC trong my in thoi c nh n phm? S

* Nguyn l bo v: dy T v m dy R: khi cc Tranzitor Q1, Q3 tt cc Tranzitor Q2, Q4 thng nn cc tnh ca in p cp cho cc mch in trong my l dng A v m B. - Trng hp ngc li khi in p t tng i n dng dy R v m dy T th cc Tranzitor Q2, Q4 tt, cc Tranzitor Q1, Q3 thng. Khi cc tnh ca in p cp cho cc mch in trong my vn l dng A v m B. - Kt qu l cc tnh ca ngun cung cp cho cc mch in trong my l c nh: dng A v m B. - Ngi ta chn sao cho R1, R2 c tr s thch hp Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4 thng l thng bo ho nn in p tn hao trn cc Tranzitor khng ng k.

15. V s mch in v gii thch nguyn l lm vic ca mch chng o cc bng it trong my in thoi c nh n phm? S Mch bo v o cc dng cu diot. Mch gm 4 diot D1 D4 mc theo kiu cu, c u vo ca cu ni n 2 u dy T, R, u ra ca cu ni n cc mch in chc nng trong my in thoi.
T + (-) D1
Ph a - ng d y vo

D2 + (+) A

D4 R - (+)

D3

C c m ch i n trong m y

- (-)

 Nguyn l bo v: - Trn ng dy thu bao lun c in p 48V mt chiu t tng i a ti cung cp cho my in thoi, trnh hin tng ngc ngun lm hng IC v Transitor ngi ta s dng mch cu diot hnh 3.14. i vi dng ngun dy

T v m ngun dy R: khi diot cc D1, D3 phn cc ngc v tt, cc diot D2, D4 phn cc thun v thng nn cc tnh ca in p cp cho cc mch in trong my l dng A v m B. - Trng hp ngc li khi in p ngun n: dng dy R v m dy T th diot cc D2, D4 phn cc ngc v tt, diot cc D1, D3 phn cc thun v thng. Khi cc tnh ca in p cp cho cc mch in trong my vn l dng A v m B. - Kt qu c cc tnh ca ngun cung cp cho cc mch in trong my l c nh: dng A v m B. 16. V s mch in v gii thch nguyn l lm vic ca mch bo v qu p, qu dng trong my in thoi c nh n phm? Mch bo v qu p qu dng trong my in thoi n phm nh hnh 3.13. Cc phn t bo v qu p mc song song vi cc mch in trong my. Ps l cu ch mc ni tip vi cc mch in trong my.

Nguyn l bo v * Bo v qu p: - c tuyn V-A ca mch bo v qu p nh hnh 3.14. Trong Vbo l in p ln nht ca tn hiu chung t tng i (in p ngng). Do cc phn t AR (hoc DZ1, DZ2) mc song song vi cc mch in pha my (mch thu chung, mch thu pht thoi, mch pht tn hiu chn s), nn in p t vo cc mch in trong my bng in p t trn cc phn t AR (hoc DZ1, DZ2). - Trng hp in p a n u dy Tip - Rinh bnh thng (ngun 48V v tn hiu chung 90 15V) in p ny di mc ngng ca diot Zne v Diac nn dng r qua cc phn t ny rt nh khng ng k coi nh cc phn t ny khng tham gia vo mch. in p t vo cc mch in trong my bng in p a vo ng dy. - Gi s c in p cao xm nhp vo ng dy c bin ln hn in p ngng ca Diac (hoc diot Zne) th s c dng in ln r qua Diac (hoc diot Zne), ghim mc in p vo cc mch in trong my bng mc in p ngng ca Diac (hoc diot Zne). Cc mch in chc nng trong my s c bo v. - Trong trng hp in p xm nhp vo ng dy qu cao th dng r qua Diac (hoc diot Zne) qu ln, tip gip b nh thng gy on mch, in p vo cc mch in trong my bng 0V. Do Diac (hoc diot Zne) mc song song vi cc mch in trong my nn cc mch in chc nng trong my cng s c bo v.

Hnh 3.14: c tuyn V - A ca Diac (diot Zene).

- Thng thng mc in p ngng ca mch bo v qu p trong my in thoi thng chn 115V. * Bo v qu dng: - bo v qu dng ngi ta s dng cu ch Ps mc ni tip vi cc mch in trong my. Khi cc mch in trong my in thoi tiu th dng ln hn dng nh mc (do in p cao, chm chp...) th cu ch s t gy h mch bo v my in thoi v pha tng i. - Ngoi cch s dng cu ch bo v qu dng, mt s my in thoi cn mc in tr c tr s rt nh (<10) ni tip vi cc mch in khp kn dng, khi qu dng th cc in tr ny b t, gy h mch, bo v c my v in tr ny c gi l in tr cu ch.

17. V s v gii thch chc nng cc khi ca my in thoi c nh? S

Chc nng cc khi a. Mch bo v qu p

Mch bo v qu p c tc dng chng li nh hng ca in p cao do in p l nh: sm st, ng dy in lc, in truyn thanh, xm nhp vo cp v ng dy thu bao, bo v cc mch in trong my in thoi. b. Mch bo v o cc Do my in thoi c cung cp ngun mt chiu t tng i a ti hai u dy Tip Rinh c cc tnh bt k. Trong khi cc mch in chc nng trong my in thoi phi c cp ngun mt chiu c cc tnh c nh. Do vy, mch bo v o cc c tc dng to ra in p mt chiu c cc tnh khng i cung cp cho cc mch in trong my m bo iu kin lm vic v chng ngc ngun lm hng IC v Trazitor. c. Mch thu chung - Mch thu chung c tc dng thu tn hiu chung t tng i a ti l in p xoay chiu (90 15)V, tn s (25 3)Hz pht ti vi nhp 2 giy c v 4 giy ngh, tn hiu chung ny c chnh lu thnh in p mt chiu, sau qua n p, cung cp nng lng cho mch dao ng tn s chung m tn v khuch i ri a ra loa hoc a pht m, bo hiu cho thu bao bit c cuc gi ti. - Mch chung c tnh chn lc tn s v tnh phi tuyn, sao cho khng b tc ng nhm bi in p mt chiu. d. Mch pht tn hiu chn s Mch pht tn hiu chn s (tn hiu a ch) ca thu bao b gi ti tng i bng hai phng thc Pulse hoc Tone. e. Mch thu pht thoi Mch thu pht thoi gm cc mch khuch i pht v khuch i thu phc v cho hai thu bao m thoi vi nhau. f. Chuyn mch nhc- t t hp (HS):

Chuyn mch nhc - t t hp h mch hoc ng mch cp ngun cho mch pht tn hiu chn s v mch thu pht thoi, ng thi u ni mch thu chung vi ng dy. 18. Trnh by nguyn l ca knh pht trong TD. S khi

Nguyn l hot ng ca knh pht Tn hiu thu vo qua Micro c a vo IC Audio (IC m m tn cn gi l IC COBBA) => Tn hiu qua mch i ADC (Analog Digital Converter) i thnh tn hiu s sau a sang IC Vi x l ci m chng nghe nn v chn thm cc tn hiu iu khin => tip theo tn hiu quay tr li IC m m tn v a vo mch iu ch GMSK (MODULATION) to ra 4 tn hiu TX-IP, TX-IN, TXQP, TX-QN, bn tn hiu ny c a sang IC Cao trung tn ( IC RF ), y cc tn hiu c tng hp li qua mch ASSEMBLE ri cho iu ch ln sng cao tn

thng qua mch MIXER, tn s dao ng ni t mch VCO c chia 2 qua mch DIV sau a vo mch iu ch cao tn MIXER, to thnh tn hiu pht TXGSM c tn s nm trong phm vi 890MHz - 915MHz => Tn hiu TX-GSM ra khi IC Cao tn theo 2 ng v c tp hp li thnh 1 ng thng qua cun h cm T1 (Couple) => sau i qua b lc pht FILLTER => khuch i qua tng tin khuch i PRE AMPLY => i vi IC khuch i cng sut PA ( Power Amply ) => tn hiu ra khi IC khuch i cng sut => i qua b cm ng pht T2 ri a ln chuyn mch Anten (ANTEN SW) => a ra Anten pht ra ngoi khng gian. T IC RF a ra in p iu khin thay i cng sut pht VAPC ( Vol Amply Power Control ), khi my thu xa i pht, IC cng sut c iu khin pht mnh hn, khi my thu gn i pht, IC cng sut pht cng sut yu hn. Tn hiu ly ra t b cm ng pht T2 cho hi tip v IC Cao tn RF (TX-DET) c tc dng gi n nh cng sut pht sng. 19. Trnh by nguyn l ca knh thu trong TD - S khi:

Hnh 1 s khi knh thu tn hiu. Nguyn l hot ng ca knh thu. knh thu v pht u tn ti 2 bng sng l bng GSM v DCS hot ng song song, tuy nhin Vit Nam ch s dng bng GSM nn ta ch cn quan tm n bng sng ny l chnh: Bng GSM c di tn thu t 935MHz - 960MHz, mi in thoi khi lin lc ch s dng mt knh c gii thong l 200KHz nhn thng tin, vic s dng knh no trong gii tn trn l do i pht quy nh mt cch t ng, khi s thu bao lin lc vt qu s knh cho php th sinh hin tng nghn mch. Tn hiu pht i t cc trm BTS (Trm pht sng) c thu vo MS (My thu) thng qua Anten.

=> Tn hiu thu qua Anten => i qua Chuyn mch (ANTEN SWITCH) => Qua b lc thu (FILTER) loi b can nhiu => Sau tn hiu c khuch i (AMPLY) tng bin => i qua b ghp h cm (COUPLE) chia tn hiu thnh hai tn hiu cn bng => i vo IC RF => tn hiu c khuch i ri a vo mch trn tn (MIXER) => Tn hiu dao ng ni VCO c chia tn qua mch (DIV) sau cng c a vo mch trn tn (MIXER)

u ra mch trng tn ta thu c tn hiu trung tn, tn hiu c a sang mch tch sng iu pha (DETECT) ly ra cc tn hiu s RXI v RXQ => a sang IC m m tn Audio. IC m m tn cho gii m GMSK ( DEMOD ) sau tn hiu c a qua CPU g m chng nghe nn v tch ra cc tn hiu iu khin, tn hiu thoi cho quay tr li IC m m tn => a qua mch i DAC (Digital Analog Converter) i tn hiu s sang tn hiu Analog ly ra tn hiu m tn, cho khuch i ri a ra tai nghe. Cc tn hiu iu khin c CPU s dng so snh vi d liu SIM Card, chy phn mm iu khin Dung chung Led v hin th thng tin trn mn hnh. 20. Trnh by s khi iu khin v chc nng cc khi trong TD. S khi iu khin

Ch thch :

- VK1, VK2, VK3 cc in p khi ng cp cho khi iu khin. - Add Bus (A0 - A20): 21 ng dy a ch gia CPU v b nh FLASH, 21 ng a ch ngha l CPU s qun l c 221 a ch nh trong FLASH. - Data Bus (D0 - D15): 16 ng dy trao i d liu gia CPU v FLASH, trong mi xung nhp CPU s truyn qua li c 16 bit thng tin. - Write (WR): Lnh cho php ghi d liu vo b nh. - Read (RD): Lnh c d liu t b nh. - ChipSelect (CS): Lnh chon chp, trong mt IC nh c th c nhiu chp nh, mi thi im th CPU ch giao tip vi mt chp nh ghi hay c thng tin.

Nhim v ca khi iu khin:

Nh tn gi ca n th khi iu khin lm nhim v iu khin mi s hot ng ca my, bao gm cc iu khin nh sau: - iu khin m ngun. - iu khin duy tr ngun. - iu khin m ngun cho knh thu v knh pht tn hiu. - iu khin qu trnh np Pin. - iu khin qu trnh m ho v gii m tn hiu. - Kim sot tn hiu a ra mn hnh LCD. - Kim sot m qut bn phm. - Kim sot SIM Card. - iu khin s hot ng ca Camera. - iu khin cp ngun cho khi hng ngoi, Bluetooth. - iu khin tn hiu bo rung, chung, led. Chc nng ca cc khi.

CPU (Center Processor Unit - n v x l trung tm) cn gi l IC vi x l. CPU hot ng theo cc m lnh c lp trnh sn np vo trong b nh, CPU s khng hot ng c nu khng c phn mm np trong b nh Memory. Trong in thoi, CPU l linh kin nhiu chn nht, chn c mt dy v l linh kin kh thay th nht. Memory: l tp hp ca cc b nh bao gm : nh ch c, d liu trong b nh ny c nh sn xut np sn, b nh ROM c nhim v lu gi cc trnh iu khin, cc lnh khi ng my. - Vi my Samsung th ROM l IC ring c 8 chn. - Mt s my khc ROM c th tch hp vo trong FLASH. - Vi NOKIA dng DCT4 hoc cao hn th ROM li c tch hp trong IC ngun, v vy khi thay IC ngun NOKIA ta phi vit li d liu vo ROM th my mi c th hot ng c (Gi l qu trnh ng b IC ngun). c tc nhanh dng np cc phn mm iu khin my nh H iu hnh, vi x l khi hot ng s truy cp v ly ra cc phn mm iu khin my trong IC nh FLASH => qua gii m to ra cc lnh iu khin => iu khin cc b phn khc ca my hot ng. Nu c vn g b nh FLASH th my s khng hot ng c, thng thng khi hng FLASH th my khng duy tr ngun. Qu trnh chy phn mm l xo v np li cc thng tin trn b nh FLASH, nu hng IC nh FLASH th bn khng th chy c phn mm.