Tai Lieu Thi Nghiem Mach Dien

TRNG I HC TN C THNG
KHOA IN - IN T
B MN K THUT IN
TI LIU HNG DN TH NGHIM
MCH IN
Tp.H Ch Minh, thng 4 - 2010
TRNG H TN C THNG
KHOA IN IN T
---------------------
CNG HA X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM

c lp - T do - Hnh phc
**************
NI QUY
PHNG TH NGHIM IN-IN T
IU I. TRC KHI N PHNG TH NGHIM SINH VIN PHI:
1. Nm vng quy nh an ton ca phng th nghim.
2. Nm vng l thuyt v c k ti liu hng dn bi thc nghim.
3. Lm bi chun b trc mi bui th nghim. Sinh vin khng lm bi chun b theo ng
yu cu s khng c vo lm th nghim v xem nh vng bui th nghim .
4. n phng th nghim ng gi quy nh v gi trt t chung. Tr 15 pht khng c vo
th nghim v xem nh vng bui th nghim .
5. Mang theo th sinh vin v gn bng tn trn o.
6. Tt in thoi di dng trc khi vo phng th nghim.
IU II. VO PHNG TH NGHIM SINH VIN PHI:
1. Ct cp, ti xch vo ni quy nh, khng mang dng c nhn vo phng th nghim.
2. Khng mang thc n, ung vo phng th nghim.
3. Ngi ng ch quy nh ca nhm mnh, khng i li ln xn.
4. Khng ht thuc l, khng khc nh v vt rc ba bi.
5. Khng tho lun ln ting trong nhm.
6. Khng t di chuyn cc thit b th nghim
IU III. KHI TIN HNH TH NGHIM SINH VIN PHI:
1. Nghim tc tun theo s hng dn ca cn b ph trch.
2. K nhn thit b, dng c v ti liu km theo lm bi th nghim.
3. c k ni dung, yu cu ca th nghim trc khi thao tc.
4. Khi my c s c phi bo ngay cho cn b ph trch, khng t tin sa cha.
5. Thn trng, chu o trong mi thao tc, c thc trch nhim gi gn tt thit b.
6. Sinh vin lm h hng my mc, dng c th nghim th phi bi thng cho Nh trng v
s b tr im th nghim.
7. Sau khi hon thnh bi th nghim phi tt my, ct in v lau sch bn my, sp xp thit
b tr v v tr ban u v bn giao cho cn b ph trch.
IU IV.
1. Mi sinh vin phi lm bo co th nghim bng chnh s liu ca mnh thu thp c v
np cho cn b hng dn ng hn nh, cha np bo co bi trc th khng c lm
bi k tip.
2. Sinh vin vng qu 01 bui th nghim hoc vng khng xin php s b cm thi.
3. Sinh vin cha hon thnh mn th nghim th phi hc li theo quy nh ca phng o to.
4. Sinh vin hon thnh ton b cc bi th nghim theo quy nh s c thi nhn im kt
thc mn hc.
IU V.
1. Cc sinh vin c trch nhim nghim chnh chp hnh bn ni quy ny.
2. Sinh vin no vi phm, cn b ph trch th nghim c quyn cnh bo, tr im thi.
Trng hp vi phm lp li hoc phm li nghim trng, sinh vin s b nh ch lm th
nghim v s b a ra hi ng k lut nh trng.
Tp.HCM, Ngy 20 thng 09 nm 2009
KHOA IN-IN T
( k)
PGS TS. PHM HNG LIN
Tai lieu hng dan th nghiem mch in
MC LC
Bi 1: Mch in DC, Mch Thevenin-Norton v mng mt ca 2
Bi 1.1: Mch in DC 2
Bi 1.2: Mch Thevenin-Norton v mng mt ca 11
Bi 2: Th nghim mch in AC 1 pha v 3 pha 17
Bi 2.1: Mch in xoay chiu 1 pha17
Bi 2.2: Mch in xoay chiu 3 pha24
Bi 3: Mng 2 ca tuyn tnh khng ngun v mch cng hng RLC33
Bi 3.1: Mng 2 ca tuyn tnh khng ngun 33
Bi 3.2: Mch cng hng RLC 41
Bi 4: Qu trnh qu mch tuyn tnh-mch phi tuyn49
Bi 4.1: Qu trnh qu mch tuyn tnh49
Bi 4.2: Mch phi tuyn 57
B mn K thut in, Khoa in in t
H V TN: ................................
Nhn xt ca gio vin hng dn
LP:
...................................
.......................................................
MSSV:
...................................
.......................................................
Bi 1
MCH IN DC, MCH THEVENIN-NORTON

V MNG MT CA
Bi 1.1
MCH IN DC
I/. MC CH
o dng in, o in p, o cng sut.
Kho st mch in ni tip, mch in song song.
Kho st nh lut K1, nh lut K2 v nguyn l xp chng.
Kho st hin tng ngn mch, h mch.
II/. PHN L THUYT
nh lut Ohm
Quan h gia dng v p trn mt phn t in tr R:

U = R.I
Cng sut trn in tr R:
P = U.I
nh Lut K1
Tng i s cc dng in bt k ti mt nt bng khng.
Qui c: Cc dng in c chiu dng i vo nt th ly du (+), cn i ra

khi nt th ly du (-), hoc ngc li.
nh Lut K2
Tng i s cc in p trn cc phn t dc theo cc nhnh trn mt vng
bng khng.
Nguyn l xp chng
p ng to bi nhiu ngun kch thch tc ng ng thi th bng tng cc
p ng to bi mi ngun kch thch tc ng ring r.
III/. DNG C TH NGHIM
Bng mch th nghim: bn s 1 MODULE 1A v MODULE 1B.
Ngun p v ngun dng DC iu chnh c.
VOM.
Dy ni.
IV/. PHN TH NGHIM
1/. Kho st nh lut K1 v K2 cho mch in ni tip v song song:
a/. Mch ni tip
Mch in th nghim nh hnh 1:
R1=10 , R2=2 , R3=2 , R4=4 .
(1)
R2
A
A
JJ
V1
R1
R3
R4
Hnh 1
S dng mch (a),
MODULE 1A
Cc bc thc hin:
1. t ngun dng v tr OFF.
2. Kt ni ngun dng vo s mch.
3. Mc Ampe k o dng in chy qua in tr R1.

4. Bt ngun dng ON, chnh ngun dng gi tr 3A.
5. c ch s dng in qua R1.
6. Dng mt Vn K ln lt o cc hiu in th gia hai u ngun dng,
R1, R2, R3, R4. Ghi cc gi tr o c vo bng s liu.
7. Bt ngun dng v tr OFF.
8. Qu trnh lm tng t nh cc bc trn, o dng in qua cc in tr R2.
9. c v ghi cc ch s in p, dng in o c vo bng.
Phn t
Ngun dng
R1
R2
R3
R4
Dng
Ap
Cng sut
Cu hi:
1. T bng s liu, hy tnh cng sut ca mi phn t (in vo bng).
2. Hy kim chng nh lut K1 v K2.
nh lut K1 ti nt 1:
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
nh lut K2 cho vng V1:
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
3. Nhn xt v mi quan h gia cng sut ca ngun dng vi tng cng
sut tiu tn trn cc in tr.
...............................................................................................................................
b/. Mch song song
R1=10 , R2=22 , R3=50 , R4=50
R1
A
(1)
V
V1
R2
R3
R4
Hnh 2
S dng mch (b), MODULE 1A

Cc bc thc hin:
1. t ngun p v tr OFF.
2. Kt ni ngun p vo s mch.
4. Bt ngun p ON, chnh n gi tr 20V.
5. c ch s dng in qua R1.
6. Dng mt Vn K ln lt o cc hiu in th gia hai u R1, R2, R3, R4.
Ghi cc gi tr o c vo bng s liu.
7. Bt ngun p v tr OFF.
8. Qu trnh lm tng t, ln lt o cc gi tr dng in chy qua cc in
tr R2, R3 v R4.
9. c v ghi cc ch s in p, dng in o c vo bng sau
Phn t
Ngun p
R1
R2
R3
R4
Dng
p
Cng sut
Cu hi:
1. T bng s liu, hy tnh cng sut ca mi phn t (in vo bng trn).
2. Kim chng nh lut K1 v K2
nh lut K1 ti nt 1

...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
nh lut K2 cho vng V1
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
3. Nhn xt v mi quan h gia cng sut ca ngun p vi tng cng sut
tiu tn trn cc in tr.
2/. Nguyn l xp chng
R1=20 , R2=5 , R3=10 , R4=5 .
R3
R1
A
R4
R2
Hnh 3
S dng s trong MODULE 1B.

Cc bc thc hin:
1. t ngun p v ngun dng v tr OFF.
2. Kt ni ngun p v ngun dng vo s mch.
4. ng kho K1, h kho K2. iu ny cho php kch thch mch bng
ngun p v trit tiu ngun dng (ngun p ON, ngun dng OFF),
5. Bt ngun p ON v ngun dng OFF, chnh ngun p gi tr 20V.
6. c v ghi vo bn s liu ch s dng in qua R2, gi l dng I21.
7. Dng Vn K o hiu in th gia hai u R2, gi l U21. Ghi cc gi
tr o c vo bng s liu.

8. M kho K1, ng kho K2. iu ny cho php kch thch mch bng
ngun dng v trit tiu ngun p (ngun p OFF, ngun dng ON),
chnh ngun dng gi tr 3A.
9. c v ghi vo bn s liu ch s dng in qua R2, gi l dng I22.
10. Dng Vn K o hiu in th gia hai u R2, gi l U22. Ghi cc gi
tr o c vo bng s liu.
11. ng c 2 kho K1 v kho K2. iu ny cho php kch thch mch
bng c hai ngun dng v ngun p (c hai ngun ON).
12. c v ghi vo bn s liu ch s ca Ampe k, ch dng in qua R2,
gi l dng I2.
13. Dng Vn K o hiu in th gia hai u R2, gi l U2. Ghi cc gi tr
o c vo bng s liu.
Ngun p ON
Ngun dng OFF
Ngun p OFF
Ngun dng ON
Ngun p ON
Ngun dng ON
I21
I22
I2
U21
U22
U2
Cu hi:
1. T bng s liu trn, so snh I2 vi I21 v I22, U2 vi U21 v U22.
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
2.
Nguyn l xp chng:
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
3. Nhn xt v nguyn l xp chng cho mch in trn.
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
4. Sinh vin hy t mc mch kho st nguyn l xp chng trn cc
in tr R1, R3, R4 theo trnh t cng vic ging nh trn.
Ngun p ON
Ngun dng OFF
in tr R1
Ngun p OFF
Ngun dng ON
Ngun p ON
Ngun dng ON
I11
I12
I1
Nhn xt:
U11
U12
U1
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
Ngun p ON
Ngun dng OFF
in tr R3
Ngun p OFF
Ngun dng ON
Ngun p ON
Ngun dng ON
I31
I32
I3
Nhn xt:
U31
U32
U3
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
Ngun p ON
Ngun dng OFF
in tr R4
Ngun p OFF
Ngun dng ON
Ngun p ON
Ngun dng ON
I41
I42
I4
Nhn xt:
U41
U42
U4
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
3/. Hin tng ngn mch, h mch

Mch in th nghim nh hnh 4.
S dng s trong MODULE 1B.
MODULE 1B
1
R1 20
K1
R3 10
G
K2
R4
5
R2
5
Hnh 4
Cc bc thc hin:
Ngun p cung cp cho mch o l 20V, ngun dng l 3A
2. Kt ni ngun p v ngun dng vo s mch. Kho K1 v kho K2
ng.
3. H mch gia hai im E-M bng cch h mch hai im E-F, dng dy
dn ni tt cc cp im sau li vi nhau: A-B, C-D, G-H.
4. Bt ngun p v ngun dng ON.
5. o hiu in th h mch gia hai im E-M, gi l Uhm .
6. o dng in qua cc in tr R1 v R3. Gi l IR1, IR3.
7. Ghi cc gi tr o c vo bng s liu.
8. Bt ngun p v ngun dng v tr OFF.
9. Ngn mch gia hai im E-M bng cch mc gia hai im E M mt
Ampe k .
10. Bt ngun p v ngun dng ON. c ch s ca Ampe k, gi l Inm .
11. Bt ngun p v ngun dng v tr OFF.

12. Ni tt gia E-M bng mt si dy dn, mc Ampe k gia hai im A-B
o dng IR1.
13. Tng t, o dng IR3.
14. Lu , mi ln thay i v tr mc Ampe k nn bt ngun p v ngun
dng v tr OFF.
H mch hai im E-M
Uhm
IR1
Ngn mch hai im E-M

IR3
Inm
IR1
IR3
T bng s liu, hy nhn xt cc kt qu o c.

................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
10
H V TN: ................................
LP:
...................................
.......................................................
MSSV:
...................................
.......................................................
Bi 1.2
MCH THEVENIN V MNG MT CA
I/. MC CH
Minh ha cc nh l Thevenin v Norton.
S dng s tng ng Thevenin v Norton kho st mng mt ca.
Kho st s phi hp tr khng gia ngun v ti truyn cng sut cc i.
II/. PHN TM TT L THUYT
nh L Thevenin
C th thay th tng ng mt mng mt ca tuyn tnh bi mt ngun in
p bng in p trn ca khi h mch mc ni tip vi tr khng Thevenin ca mng
mt ca.
nh L Norton
C th thay th tng ng mt mng mt ca tuyn tnh bi mt ngun dng
in bng dng in trn ca khi ngn mch mc song song vi tr khng Thevenin
ca mng mt ca.
Zo
Uhm
Inm
a/ S
S Thevenin
Trong :
Zo
b/ S
S Norton
Uhm
: in p h chng mch trn phn mng mt ca.
Inm
: dng in ngn mch qua ca phn mng mt ca.
Zo
: tr khng vo mng mt ca khi cho n tr nn th ng.
Mt khc, cc gi tr trong cc s tng ng trn cn c lin quan vi nhau

theo cng thc sau:
11

Zo =
U hm
I nm
Cng thc ny gip ta xc nh c Zo thng qua vic xc nh Uhm v Inm .

Nguyn l truyn cng sut cc i:
Theo nh l Thevenin, bt k mt mng mt ca no ni vi ti cng c th
a v s tng ng nh hnh sau:
Zn
E
Zt
Mch tng ng
mng mt ca
c/ Mng
M ng mt
m t ca
c a
Trong E v Zn c xc nh theo nh l tng ng Thevenin.

Ti Zt s nhn c cng sut cc i nu:
Zt = Zn
y l iu kin phi hp tr khng gia ngun v ti
Trong bi th nghim ny, Zn = Rn v Zt = Rt u l thun tr nn iu kin phi hp
tr khng s l:
Rt = Rn
Bng mch th nghim: bn s 1 MODULE 1C.
Ngun p v ngun dng DC iu chnh c.
VOM.
Dy ni.
IV/. PHN TH NGHIM
Mch th nghim nh hnh 5:
12
R5
R1
R3
A
R2
RL
R4
B
Hnh 5
Mc ch: Xy dng s tng ng Thevenin v Norton ca mch nhn

t 2 cc A v B.
S dng s trong MODULE 1C.
MODULE 1C
R5 47
R1
R3
22
10
K2
K1
1
A
A
V source
R2
RL
10
R4
V
B
5
I source
Hnh 6
13

1/. Xy dng m hnh mch tng Thevenin - Norton
Cc bc thc hin:
2. Kt ni ngun p v ngun dng vo s mch.
3. ng 2 kha K1 v kha K2.
4. H mch hai im A-B (hai u in tr R2).
5. Bt ngun p v ngun dng ON, chnh ngun p 20V v ngun dng
3A.
6. Dng Vn k o hiu in th h mch gia hai im A-B, gi l Uhm .
7. Tt ngun p v ngun dng.
8. Ngn mch A-B bng cch gn Ampe k gia A v B.
10. c gi tr trn Ampe k, gi l dng ngn mch Inm.
Uhm
Inm
Ro
Cu hi:
1. T bng s liu hy tnh in tr tng ng Thevenin/Norton Ro
R0 =
2. V mch tng ng Thevenin v mch tng ng Norton. Ghi y
cc gi tr ca cc phn t trong mch.
14

2/. Phi hp tr khng gia ngun v ti (truyn cng sut cc i)
Cc bc thc hin
1. Tt ngun p v ngun dng. Bt kho K1 v tr ON, kho K2 ON.
2. Ni vo hai im A-B mt bin tr Rt bng cch ni tt hai im B-D v
mc Ampe k gia hai im A-C.
4. iu chnh bin tr Rt khong 10 gi tr t khng n gi tr cc i.
5. ng vi mi gi tr ca Rt hy ghi li gi tr dng in v in p trn Rt
ri in vo bng sau:
STT
10
Rt
U
I
P
Cu hi:
1. Tnh ton cng sut tiu tn P trn Rt ng vi tng gi tr ca Rt (in
gi tr tnh ton vo bng trn).
2. T bng gi tr o c, v th cng sut tiu tn P trn Rt theo gi tr
ca Rt, P = f(Rt).
10
Rt
15

3. T th hy xc nh gi tr ca Rt sao cho cng sut tiu tn trn Rt l
ln nht. Rtmax =
4. Theo l thuyt gi tr ca Rt l bao nhiu.
Rtmax (l thuyt) =
5. Nhn xt v cc gi tr ny.
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
16
H V TN: ................................
LP:
...................................
.......................................................
MSSV:
...................................
.......................................................
TH NGHIM MCH IN AC 1 PHA
Bi 2
V 3 PHA
Bi 2.1
MCH XOAY CHIU 1 PHA
I/. MC CH
Kho st cc thng s c trng ca mt on mch c kch thch bng
ngun xoay chiu hnh sin nh: p, dng, tr khng, cng sut, lch pha.
V gin vect dng, p ca mt on mch.
II/. TM TT L THUYT
Trong ch xc lp iu ho (ngun kch thch hnh sin), cc thng s trong
mi nhnh c mi quan h vi nhau nh sau:
U = Z*I
hay
I = Y*U
= u - i
P = U x I x Cos() = Re[Z] x I2
Bng mch th nghim: bn s 2 MODULE 2A.
Ngun p xoay chiu 1 pha iu chnh c, tn s 50 Hz.
VOM s.
Watt k.
Dy ni.
IV/. PHN TH NGHIM
1/. Mch thun tr, thun dung, thun cm
17
*
*
Vac
B
Hnh 7
Da vo hnh 7, sinh vin ln lt mc mch vi cc ti Z l: R, L, C.

Vi trng hp ti R, sinh vin t v mch th nghim vi y dng c o,
th nghim c tin hnh theo cc bc sau:
1. Bt cng tc ngun v tr OFF, iu chnh bin p t ngu v v tr 0V.
2. Mc mch nh hnh v, lu cc dng dng v p ca Watt k.
3. Bt cng tc ngun v tr ON, iu chnh bin p t ngu sao cho ch
s ca Vn k l 220V.
4. c cc tr s o cc gi tr in p, dng in, cng sut v ghi vo
bng sau tng ng vi tng trng hp.
Qu trnh lm tng t cho cc ph ti L v C. Cc gi tr o c ghi vo bng
sau
U (V)
I (A)
P(kW)
R
L
C
T bng s liu o c, trong mi trng hp hy:
1. Xc nh gc lch pha gia hiu in th v dng in gia hai im
A-B (in gi tr tnh ton c vo bng trn).
2. V gin vect dng v p ca on mch.
18

3. Tnh cng sut tc dng trn mi phn t mch theo l thuyt. So snh
vi cng sut o c.
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
4. Nhn xt.
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
2/. Mch R, L, C ni tip
*
*
Vac
L
C
B
Hnh 8
Th nghim c tin hnh theo cc bc sau:

2. Mc mch nh hnh v 8, lu cc dng dng v p ca Watt k.
s ca Vn k l 200V.
4. c cc tr s o tr in p, dng in, cng sut v ghi vo bng sau:
U(V)
I(A)
P(kW)
on mch A-B
R
L
C
19

Lu : o cng sut trn cc phn t R, L, C ta ch vic mc cun p ca
Watt k mc ti: A-C, C-D, D-B.
T bng s liu o c hy:
1. Xc nh gc lch pha gia hiu in th v dng in gia hai im
A-B v tng phn t mch (gi tr tnh ton in vo bng trn).
3. Tnh biu thc UAB.I.Cos(). So snh vi cng sut o c.

.............................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................
Xc nh tr khng phc ZAB t gi tr U, I va o c trong bng s liu
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
4. Nhn xt.
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
3/. Mch R, L, C song song
S mch th nghim nh hnh 9:
20
*
*
Vac
B
Hnh 9
Th nghim c tin hnh theo cc bc sau

s ca Vn k l 200V.
4. c cc tr s o tr in p, dng in, cng sut v ghi vo bng sau:
Lu : trc khi chuyn v tr cc Ampe k ti cc v tr cc nhnh o dng
in nhnh th phi bt cng tc ngun v tr OFF.
U(V)
I(A)
P(kW)
on mch A-B
R
L
C
T bng s liu o c hy:
1. Xc nh gc lch pha gia hiu in th v dng in gia hai im A-B
v tng phn t mch bng gin vect (gi tr tnh ton in vo bng
trn).
21

..............................................................................................................................
4. Xc nh tr khng phc ZAB t gi tr U, I va o c trong bng s liu
..............................................................................................................................
5. Nhn xt.
...............................................................................................................................
4/. Mch R, L, C hn hp
S mch th nghim nh hnh 10:
*
*
R
Vac
C
L
B
Hnh 10
Th nghim c tin hnh theo cc bc sau:
1. Bt cng tc ngun v tr OFF, iu chnh bin p t ngu v v tr
0V.
3. Bt cng tc ngun v tr ON, iu chnh bin p t ngu sao cho
ch s ca Vn k l 200V.
4. c cc tr s o tr in p, dng in, cng sut v ghi vo bng
sau:
22

Lu : trc khi chuyn v tr cc Ampe k, Volt k v Watt k vi cc v tr cc
nhnh o dng in nhnh th phi bt cng tc ngun v tr OFF.
U(V)
I(A)
P(kW)
on mch A-B
R
L
C
T bng s liu o c hy:
1. Xc nh gc lch pha gia hiu in th v dng in gia hai im A-B
v tng phn t mch bng gin vect (gi tr tnh ton in vo bng
trn).

..............................................................................................................................
4. Xc nh tr khng phc ZAB t gi tr U, I va o c trong bng s liu
..............................................................................................................................
5. Nhn xt.
..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
23

H V TN: ................................
LP:
...................................
.......................................................
MSSV:
...................................
.......................................................
Bi 2.2
MCH XOAY CHIU 3 PHA
I/. MC CH
Kho st vic u dy cho ngun ti v cch mc cc dng c o trong mt
mch in ba pha.
Kho st vic o cng sut trn mt mch ba pha.
II/. TM TT L THUYT
Mach ba pha l h thng gm ba sc in ng, ba ti v cc dy ni chng.
Mt h thng ba pha thng dng nht l h thng ba pha c ngun ba pha i xng.
C hai cch mc ti l mc hnh sao v mc tam gic. Trong tng trng hp, cn lu
n cc cng thc tnh ton dng, p pha v dy.
o cng sut ti ba pha, ngi ta ln lt o cng sut tng pha (phng
php dng ba Watt k) hay dng phng php hai Watt k. Mi phng php o c
tng c im ring v phm vi kho st ring m sinh vin cn lu .
Sinh vin cn n li kin thc mch ba pha trong gio trnh mch in 1 trc
khi th nghim bi ny.
Bng mch th nghim : bn s 2 MODULE 2B, MODULE 2C
Ngun p xoay chiu 3 pha, tn s 50 Hz.
VOM s.
Watt k.
Dy ni
IV/. PHN TH NGHIM
1/. Mch 3 pha ti hnh sao - c dy trung tnh
S mch th nghim nh hnh 11. Ti Z1, Z2, Z3 l thun tr.
24
Z1
V1
Ip
Z2
V2
Ip
Z3
V3
Ip
It
0
Hnh 11
t cc cng tt ngun V1, V2, V3 v tr OFF trc khi tin hnh mc mch.
Sinh vin t mc mch nh hnh 11 v cc ng h o lng thch hp thc
hin o cc gi tr dng in pha, p pha, p dy v dng dy trung tnh ri ghi
kt qu vo bng sau:
Up1
Up2
Up3
Ud1
Ud2
Ud3
Ip1
Ip2
Ip3
Itt
o cng sut trn cc ti t suy ra cng sut ca mch ba pha.

P1
P2
P3
Pt
Cu hi:
1. V th vect dng p pha v dy. Nhn xt mi quan h gia cc i
lng.
25

...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
2. Lm li th nghim trn vi mi ti Z1, Z2, Z3 l R-C mc ni tip.
Up1
Up2
Up3
Ud1
Ud2
Ud3
Ip1
Ip2
Ip3
Itt

P1
P2
P3
Pt
V th vect dng p pha v dy. Nhn xt mi quan h gia cc i lng
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
3. Lm li th nghim trn vi ti Z1, Z2 l thun tr R, Z3 l R, L, C mc
ni tip (ti bt i xng).
Up1
Up2
Up3
Ud1
Ud2
Ud3
Ip1
Ip2
Ip3
Itt

P1
P2
P3
Pt
26

V th vect dng p pha v dy. Nhn xt mi quan h gia cc i lng
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
2/. Mch 3 pha ti hnh sao khng dy trung tnh (i xng v bt i xng)
S mch th nghim nh hnh 12. Ti Z1, Z2, Z3 l thun tr.
Z1
V1
Ip1
Z2
V2
Ip2
Z3
V3
Ip3
0
Hnh 12
Bt cc cng tt ngun V1, V2, V3 v tr OFF trc khi tin hnh mc mch.
Sinh vin mc mch nh hnh 12 v thc hin o dng pha, p pha, p dy ri ghi
kt qu vo bng sau:
Up1
Up2
Up3
Ud1
Ud2
Ud3
Ip1
Ip2
Ip3
27
o cng sut trn cc ti t suy ra cng sut ca mch ba pha:

P1
P2
P3
Pt
Cu hi:
lng.
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
2. o in p im trung tnh. Nhn xt.
Utt =
3. Lm li th nghim trn vi mi ti Z1, Z2, Z3 l R, L mc ni tip.
Up1
Up2
Up3
Ud1
Ud2
Ud3
Ip1
Ip2
Ip3

P1
P2
P3
Pt
V th vect dng p pha v dy. Nhn xt mi quan h gia cc i

lng
28
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
4. Lm li th nghim trn vi ti Z1, Z2 l thun dung C, Z3 l R, C mc
ni tip (ti bt i xng).
Up1
Up2
Up3
Ud1
Ud2
Ud3
Ip1
Ip2
Ip3

P1
P2
P3
Pt
V th vect dng p pha v dy. Nhn xt mi quan h gia cc i

lng
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
3/. Mch 3 pha ti hnh tam gic (i xng v bt i xng)
S mch th nghim nh hnh13. Ti Z1, Z2, Z3 l thun tr.
V1
Ip1
Id1
Ip3
Z1
V2
Ip2
Id2
Z3
Z2
V3
Id3
0
Hnh 13
29

Sinh vin mc mch nh hnh v 13 v thc hin o dng pha, dng dy, p pha
( p dy) ri ghi kt qu vo bng sau:
Ud1
Ud2
Ud3
Ip2
Ip3
Id1
Id2
Id3

P1
Ip1
P2
P3
Pt
Cu hi:
lng.
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
2. Lm li th nghim trn vi mi ti Z1, Z2, Z3 l R, L mc ni tip.
Ud1
Ud2
Ud3
Ip1
Ip2
Ip3
Id1
Id2
Id3

P1
P2
P3
Pt
30

V th vect dng p pha v dy. Nhn xt mi quan h gia cc
i lng
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
3. Lm li th nghim trn vi ti Z1, Z2 l thun dung C, Z3 l thun tr R
(ti bt i xng).
Ud1
Ud2
Ud3
Ip1
Ip2
Ip3
Id1
Id2
Id3

P1
P2
P3
Pt
V th vect dng p pha v dy. Nhn xt mi quan h gia cc

i lng
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
31

4/. Kho st hin tng mt pha
a/. Ti mc hnh sao
Sinh vin mc mch nh hnh v 11 vi Z1, Z2, Z3 l thun tr R
Bt cc cng tt ngun V1, V2, v tr ON, V3 v tr OFF.
Thc hin o dng pha (dng dy),

ghi kt qu vo bng sau:
Up1
Up2
Up3
Ud1
p pha,
Ud2
p dy, dng dy trung tnh ri
Ud3
Ip1
Ip2
Ip3
Itt
So snh kt qu vi kt qu o phn 1. Nhn xt khi xy ra hin tng mt pha.

..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
b/. Ti mc tam gic

Sinh vin mc mch nh hnh v 13 vi Z1, Z2, Z3 l thun tr R
Bt cc cng tt ngun V1, V2, v tr ON, V3 v tr OFF.
Thc hin o dng pha, dng dy, p pha, p dy ri ghi kt qu vo bng sau:
Up1
Up2
Up3
Ip1
Ip2
Ip3
Ud1
Ud2
Ud3
Id1
Id2
Id3
So snh kt qu vi kt qu o phn 3. Nhn xt khi xy ra hin tng mt pha.

.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................
32
H V TN: ................................
LP:
...................................
.......................................................
MSSV:
...................................
.......................................................
Bi 3: MNG 2 CA TUYN TNH KHNG NGUN
V MCH CNG HNG RLC

Bi 3.1
MNG HAI CA TUYN TNH KHNG NGUN
I/. MC CH
S dng mt trong cc phng php hc tm hiu cch xc nh cc thnh
phn ca ma trn c trng cho mng hai ca, kho st cc tnh cht ca mng hai ca,
ng dng l thuyt mng hai ca vo vic phn tch mch.
Kho st ma trn A, ma trn Z v nguyn l tng h.
II/. TM TT L THUYT
Ta bit h phng trnh dng A ca mng hai ca tuyn tnh khng ngun c dng:
.
U1 = A 11 U 2 + A12 I 2
.
I1 = A 21 U 2 + A 22 I 2
Lu : Chiu dng in I2 chn cng chiu in p U2.

phn th nghim ny, tin hnh xc nh cc h s Aik thng qua cc trng thi
c bit ca mng hai ca l ngn mch v h mch mt trong hai ca (xem thm
phn l thuyt v mng hai ca). th vect dng p ca mch s gip ta xc nh
c gc pha ca cc i lng vect trn mch.
C th nh sau:
A11 =
A21 =
U1
U1
U2 I2 = 0
A12 =
I1
I1
U2 I2 = 0
I2 U2 = 0
A22 = .
I2 U2 = 0
i vi cc dng ma trn Z:
33

.
U 1 = Z11 I1 + Z12 I 2
.
U 2 = Z 21 I1 + Z 22 I 2
Cc thng s Zik c xc nh nh sau:

Z11 =
U1
U1
I1 I 2 = 0
Z12 =
Z21 =
U2
.
I 2 I1 = 0
I1 I 2 = 0
Z22 =
U2
.
I 2 I1 = 0
Nguyn l tng h
Dng in pht sinh ti mt nhnh di kch thch ca mt ngun p duy nht
t ti nhnh th hai, s bng dng pht sinh ti nhnh th hai khi t ti nhnh th nht
cng ngun p (v l ngun duy nht).
i vi mng hai ca, kim tra nguyn l tng h, ta c th tin hnh bng
th nghim nh sau: cho ngun p vo ca 1 v ngn mch ca 2, ghi nhn dng ngn
mch ca 2 ny; sau cho ngun p vo ca 2 v ngn mch ca 1, ghi nhn dng
ngn mch ca 1 ny. Gi tr ca dng in qua hai ca b ngn mch cho ta kim
chng tnh ng n ca nguyn l tng h.
Bng mch th nghim : bn s 3 MODULE 3A
Ngun AC 48V.
VOM S.
Dy ni
Cc thng s mch : R1 = 30 , R2 = 20, R3= 20, C= 150F, RL= 16..
IV/. PHN TH NGHIM
S mch:
34
R3
K
1
+
I1
R1
R2
I2
Ic
U1
U2
RL
Hnh 14
1/. Xc nh ma trn A khi kha K h v ng

1.1/. Kha K m
Bt cng tc ngun v tr OFF, iu chnh bin p cch ly v v tr 0V.
H kha K.
Ni ca vo (1) (1) vi ngun AC (ng ra ca bin p cch ly).
H mch ca ra (2) (2).
Bt cng tc ngun v tr ON, iu chnh bin p cch ly sao cho in p U1 =
48V.
Thc hin o cc gi tr dng v p trn mch ri in vo bng sau:
Ng ra
I1
I2
IC
UR1
UR2
UC
U2
H mch
Vn h kha K.
Ngn mch ca ra (2) (2).
48V.
35

Ng ra
I1
I2
IC
UR1
UR2
UC
U2
Ngn mch
Cu hi:
1.1.a/. T cc s liu o c ng vi hai trng hp h mch v ngn mch ng
ra, hy v gin vect ca cc i lng dng p xc nh gc pha ca cc
i lng phc I1, U2 , I2 vi gi s gc pha ca U1 l bng khng.
1.1.b/. Xc nh cc h s Aik ca ma trn thng s A.

A11 =
A12 =
A21 =
A22 =
1.2/. Kha K ng
Tun t thc hin cc bc th nghim nh trong trng hp kha K m
Cc gi tr dng p o c trong trng hp ng ra h mch.
Ng ra
I1
I2
IC
UR1
UR2
UC
U2
H mch
Cc gi tr dng p o c trong trng hp ng ra ngn mch.
Ng ra
I1
I2
IC
UR1
UR2
UC
U2
Ngn mch
36
Xc nh cc h s Aik ca ma trn thng s A.

A11 =
A12 =
A21 =
A22 =
2/. Kim chng phng trnh dng A
a/. ng vi hai trng hp ca kha K, hy tnh biu thc:
T = A11A22 - A12A21
a.1/. Kha K m:
T=
Nhn xt:
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
a.2/. Kha K ng:
T=
Nhn xt:
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
37

b/. Mc ti RL ti ca ra (2) (2), kha K h. Thc hin o t ht cc thng s sau:
Ng ra gn
I1
I2
IC
UR1
UR2
UC
U2
Ti RL
T s liu o, v gin vect v xc nh gc pha ca I1, U2, I2. Gi s gc pha
ca U1 l bng 0.
S dng ma trn thng s A trong trng hp kha K h, hy tnh gi tr U2 v I2

theo U1, I1 bit. Hy so snh vi kt qu o c, nhn xt.
.
U2 =
.
I2 =
Nhn xt :
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
3/. Xc nh ma trn Z khi kha K h v ng
3.1/. Kho K h
H kha K.
H mch ca ra (2) (2).
48V.
38

Ng ra
I1
I2
IC
UR1
UR2
UC
U2
H mch
Vn h kha K.
Ni ca ra (2) (2) vi ngun AC (ng ra ca bin p cch ly).
H mch ca vo (1) (1).
48V.
Ng vo
I1
I2
IC
UR1
UR2
UC
U1
H mch
Cu hi:
3.1.a/. T cc s liu o c ng vi hai trng hp h mch ng vo v ng ra,
hy v gin vect ca cc i lng dng p xc nh gc pha ca cc i
lng phc I1, U2 , I2 vi gi s gc pha ca U1 l bng khng.
3.1.b/. Xc nh cc h s Zik ca ma trn thng s Z.

Z11 =
Z12 =
Z21 =
Z22 =
3.1.c/. Nhn xt ma trn Z thu c:
39

.................................................................................................................................
3.2/. Kho K ng
Tun t thc hin cc bc th nghim nh trong trng hp kha K m
Cc gi tr dng p o c trong trng hp ng ra h mch.
Ng ra
I1
I2
IC
UR1
UR2
UC
U2
UC
U1
H mch
Cc gi tr dng p o c trong trng hp ng vo h mch.
Ng vo
I1
I2
IC
UR1
UR2
H mch
Xc nh cc h s Zik ca ma trn thng s Z.

Z11 =
Z12 =
Z21 =
Z22 =
Nhn xt ma trn Z thu c:
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
40

4/. Kim chng nguyn l tng h v tuyn tnh
a/. Nguyn l tng h:
Mch th nghim nh hnh v, ln lt cho kha K h v ng hy o cc dng in I1
v I2 ng vi hai trng hp :
Ni ca vo vi ngun 48V, ngn mch ca ra.
Ni ca ra vi ngun 48V, ngn mch ca vo.
Ni ca vo vi ngun 48V
Ngn mch ca ra.
Ni ca ra vi ngun 48V
Ngn mch ca vo.
K h
I1 =
I2 =
I1 =
I2 =
K ng
I1 =
I2 =
I1 =
I2 =
Hy nhn xt kt qu o c.
...............................................................................................................................
b/. Tnh cht tuyn tnh :
Mc ti RL vo ca ra (2) (2) ca mng hai ca, kha K h.
Chnh in p vo ca vo l U1 = 48V, o xc nh gi tr in p ng ra
U2 =
Da vo tnh cht t l hy tnh in p ng ra khi in p ng vo l 24V
U2 (U1 = 24V) =
Hy mc mch v o c kim chng (khi U1 = 24V)
U2 =
Nhn xt :
...............................................................................................................................
41

H V TN: ................................
LP:
...................................
.......................................................
MSSV:
...................................
.......................................................
Bi 3.2
MCH CNG HNG RLC
I/. MC CH
Bi th nghim gip sinh vin hiu c mt s c tnh ca mch cng hng
R L C, cch xc nh tn s cng hng ca nhnh, xc nh bng thng ca mch
cng hng v kho st hnh dng cc tn hiu trong mch khi hin tng cng hng
xy ra.
II/. TM TT L THUYT
mch RLC ni tip, tr hiu dng in p trn cc phn t khng gn cng
hng s rt ln so vi in p vo mch. mch RLC song song th dng in qua mc
li LC gn cng hng s rt ln so vi dng in cp cho nhnh.
Ti tn s cng hng, bin tn hiu ng ra s l cc i. V khong tn s,
m bin hm truyn t p gim 2 bin cc i, c gi l bng thng ca
mch cng hng (k hiu l B). H s phm cht Q ca mch cng hng c th c
tnh bng cng thc :
Q = f0 / B
f0 : Tn s cng hng.
o lch pha hai tn hiu bng dao ng k

Gi s 2 tn hiu a vo dao ng k ng x v y c biu thc :
x = asin(t)
y = bsin(t + )
Dao ng k s biu din trn mn hnh tn hiu y qut theo tn hiu x nh hnh 15.
y
Y0
rr
2b
2R
2a
Hnh 15
42

xc nh gc pha bng dao ng k, ngi ta c hai cch n gin:
Cch 1 : (Dng th)
Ta c th thy rng, ti t = 0 th x = 0 v y = Y0
=> bsin () = Y0
=> sin() = Y0 / b
y b l gi tr cc i ca tn hiu y, c th xc nh trn mn hnh v Y0 cng

tng t. Nh vy gc lch pha s c tm t :
Sin() = Y0 /b
Phng php ny r rng n gin, nhng thc ra n ch hu hiu cho cc gi tr
gc pha nh. Khi sin() thay i nhanh theo ( nh hn hay bng 450). Cn vi
cc gi tr gn 900 th tr sin() thay i rt chm, v chnh xc s gim.
Cch 2 :(Dng dao ng k so pha)
R rng chng ta c th cho cng lc hai tn hiu vo dao ng k (chn MODE ca
tng qut dc l DUAL hay CHOP) v so pha da vo cc thng s dc c trn mn
hnh. Cch ny cn cho ta thy c s nhanh chm pha ca hai tn hiu.
Bng mch th nghim : bn s 3 MODULE 3B
My pht sng
Dao ng k
Dy ni
Cc thng s mch : C = 1 f ; L=10 mH ; Rs = 100. ; RL = 10.
IV/. PHN TH NGHIM
1/. Mch R-L-C ni tip
Mc mch th nghim nh hnh 16 :
43
DAO NG
NG
K
GND
CH 1
My
Pht
Sng
Vin
Vout
Hnh 16
iu chnh my pht sng ch pht tn hiu hnh sin.

Mc dao ng k vo nh hnh v 16 quan st tn hiu Vout nh hnh v.
iu chnh bin tn hiu ng ra my pht sng khong 5V. Cho tn s ca my
pht sng thay i t 100Hz n 10KHz, t xc nh tn s cng hng ca
mch, f0.
Lu : ti tn s cng hng tn hiu ra Vout(t) s c bin ln nht. So snh
kt qu t c vi cng thc l thuyt.
f0 =
f0 (l thuyt) =
Hy xc nh bin tn hiu ng ra ng vi cc tn s tn hiu ng vo theo bng
sau :
f(Hz)
100
200
400
800
1000
1500
2000
3000
6000
10000
Vout
Lu : ng vi mi tn s ca Vin, ta phi iu chnh li bin tn hiu vo
gi c nh l 5V, bi v khi thay i tn s my pht bin ca tn hiu ra cng i
theo.
Cu hi :
1.a/. Vi 10 gi tr o c v mt gi tr ti tn s cng hng, sinh vin hy v
p ng tn s ca mch cng hng trn : th Vout theo tn s ng vo f,
Vout(f).
44
Vout
100
200
400
800
1000
1500
2000
3000
6000
f(Hz)
1.b/. Tnh ton bng thng mch cng hng theo tn s f1 v f2. Vi f1 v f2 l
cc tn s m in p trn Rs gim i 2 ln so vi gi tr ti tn s
cng hng.
f1 =
f2 =
Bng thng cng hng B :
B = f2 f1
Xc nh h s phm cht Q
Q=
1.c/. o tr hiu dng in p trn t khi tn s f thay i t f0/3 n 3f0, vi
khong 10 gi tr. V th Uc(f) ?
f(Hz)
UC(V)
45
U c (V )
f(Hz)
2. Mch R v L - C song song

DAO NG
NG
K
CH 1
GND
Vout
+
My
Pht
Sng
RS
RL
Vin
L
Hnh 17
46

iu chnh my pht sng ch pht tn hiu hnh sin.
Mc dao ng k vo nh hnh v 17 quan st dng sng trn in tr Rs.
iu chnh bin tn hiu ng ra mt pht sng khong 5V. Cho tn s ca my
pht sng thay i t 100Hz n 10KHz, t xc nh tn s cng hng ca
mch, f0. Lu : ti tn s cng hng tn hiu ra in p trn in tr Rs s c
bin nh nht. So snh kt qu t c vi cng thc l thuyt.
f0 =
f0 (l thuyt) =
Hy xc nh bin tn hiu ng ra ng vi cc tn s tn hiu ng vo theo bng
sau :
f(Hz)
100
200
400
800
1000
1500
2000
3000
6000
10000
Vout
Lu : ng vi mi tn s ca Vin, ta phi iu chnh li bin tn hiu vo gi
c nh l 5v, bi v khi thay i tn s my pht bin ca tn hiu ra cng i
theo.
Cu hi :
Vout
2.a/. Vi 10 gi tr o c v mt gi tr ti tn s cng hng, sinh vin hy v

p ng tn s ca mch cng hng trn : th Vout theo tn s ng vo f,
Vout(f).
100
200
400
800
1000
1500
2000
3000
6000
f(Hz)
47

2.b/. Tnh ton bng thng mch cng hng theo tn s f1 v f2. Vi f1 v f2 l
cc tn s m in p trn Rs bng 2 ln so vi gi tr ti tn s cng
hng.
f1 =
f2 =
Bng thng cng hng B :
B = f2 f1
Xc nh h s phm cht Q
Q=
2.c/. o tr hiu dng in p trn t khi tn s f thay i t f0/3 n 3f0, vi
khong 10 gi tr. V th Uc(f) ?
f(Hz)
Uc (V)
UC(V)
f(Hz)
48
H V TN: ................................
LP:
...................................
.......................................................
MSSV:
...................................
.......................................................
QU TRNH QU MCH TUYN TNH -
Bi 4
MCH PHI TUYN

QU TRNH QU MCH TUYN TNH -
Bi 4.1
I/. MC CH
Bi th nghim ny gip sinh vin hiu c mt s c tnh qu mch

tuyn tnh, bao gm cc mch: R-C, R-L v mch R-L-C. Thng qua cc c tnh ny,
sinh vin c th kim nghim c cc phng php phn tch mch qu hc
phn l thuyt v hiu thm c mt s qu trnh vt l xy ra trong cc phn t mch
thc t.
II/. TM TT L THUYT
Qu trnh qu l qu trnh xut hin khi mch chuyn t mt ch xc lp
ny sang ch xc lp khc (xem thm l thuyt v qu trnh qu ). Thng thng
thi gian qu rt ngn nn quan st ngi ta s dng ngun kch thch chu k c
bin bin thin t ngt (ng m theo chu k).
II/. DNG C TH NGHIM
Bng mch th nghim: bn s 4 MODULE 4A

My pht sng.
Dao ng k, VOM.
Dy ni.
Cc thng s mch: VR = 10 K; R =100 ; C = 50 nF ; L = 1 mH.
III/. PHN TH NGHIM :

1/. Mch qu cp mt R-C:
t cng tc ngun my pht sng v tr OFF.
49
DAO NG
K
CH
1
VR
GN
D
R
My
Pht
Sng
H
C
Hnh 18
Cc bc thc hin
iu chnh bin tr VR = 1K.
Mc u o ca dao ng k vo hai m E G quan st tn hiu ng ra
ca my pht sng.
Cu hi:
1.1. Bt ngun my pht sng v iu chnh my pht tn hiu xung vung c
bin l 5V v tn s 1 KHz.
Uout
V tn hiu ng ra ca my pht sng.
50

1.2. Mc u o ca dao ng k vo hai m H G quan st tn hiu in p
trn t C, uC(t).
Uc (t)
V dng sng ca tn hiu uC(t).
uR (t)
T dng sng uC(t), hy tnh thi hng ca mch ny.

.................................................................................................................................
So snh vi l thuyt. Nhn xt
..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
1.3. Mc u o ca dao ng k vo hai m F H quan st tn hiu in p
trn in tr R, uR(t).
V dng sng ca tn hiu uR(t).
51
T dng sng uR(t) tnh thi hng ca mch ny.

...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
So snh vi l thuyt. Nhn xt.
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
1.4. Thay i gi tr ca VR.
Nhn xt v s thay i thi hng.
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
2/. Mch qu cp mt R-L
Mc mch th nghim nh hnh 19:
DAO NG
K
CH
GN
VR
E
My
Pht
Sng
H
L
Hnh 19
Cc bc thc hin
iu chnh bin tr VR= 1k.
ca my pht sng.
Cu hi
2.1. Bt ngun my pht sng v iu chnh my pht sng pht tn hiu xung
vung c bin l 5V v tn s 1 Khz.
52
Uout
2.2. Mc u o ca dao ng k vo hai m H G quan st tn hiu in p

trn cun dy L, uL(t).
uL (t)
V dng sng ca tn hiu uL(t).
T dng sng ca uL(t) hy tnh thi hng ca mch.

...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
trn in tr R, uR(t).
53
uR (t)
T dng sng uR(t) tnh thi hng ca mch .

.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
2.4. Thay i gi tr ca VR.
Nhn xt v s thay i thi hng.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
3/. Mch qu cp hai R-L-C
Bt cng tc ngun my pht sng v tr OFF.
DAO NG
K
CH1
VR
My Pht
Sng
GND
H
C
Hnh 20
54

Cc bc thc hin
iu chnh bin tr VR = 0.
ca my pht sng.
Cu hi
3.1. Bt ngun my pht sng v iu chnh my pht sng pht tn hiu xung
vung c bin l 5V v tn s 1Khz.
Uout

trn in tr R, uR(t).
uR(t)
3.3. Mc u o ca dao ng k vo hai m H K quan st tn hiu in

p trn t C, uC(t).
55
uC (t)
V dng sng ca tn hiu uC(t).
uC (t)
3.4. Nhn xt v cc dng sng o c.

.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
3.5. Bng l thuyt hy, xc nh in tr ti hn ca mch Rth. Cho bit khi no
th mch trng thi dao ng v khng dao ng.
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
3.6. Thay i gi tr ca VR, hy nhn xt v s thay i dng sng uC(t).
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
3.7. V dng sng ca tn hiu uC(t) ng vi VR = 2k.
56

H V TN: ................................
LP:
...................................
.......................................................
MSSV:
...................................
.......................................................
Bi 4.2
MCH PHI TUYN
I/. MC CH
Bi th nghim ny gip sinh vin n tp cc l thuyt c bn v phn t phi tuyn
v mt s hiu ng c bit gy ra bi tnh phi tuyn ca phn t mch.
II/. TM TT L THUYT
Mt trong cc m hnh in hnh cho cc phn t mch phi tuyn ph bin trong
thc tin l m hnh in tr phi tuyn v in cm phi tuyn. Hin nay c rt nhiu
phng php kho st mch phi tuyn nh : phng php gii tch, phng php
th, phng php s . . . . Mc d c khuyt im l chnh chnh xc khng cao,
nhng phng php th cho php ngi kho st tip cn v xem xt nh tnh mt
cch nhanh chng cc mch c cha phn t phi tuyn. Bi th nghim ny ch yu i
vo phng php th, ng dng n trong vic kho st c tuyn mch, hay cc qu
trnh xy ra trong mch khi c mt phn t tr phi tuyn.
Trong bi th nghim ny, in tr phi tuyn c kho st l Diode. xy
dng c tuyn ca in tr phi tuyn ta s dng phng php Volt-Amper : Kch
thch cho Diode bng mt ngun tn hiu sin, tn hiu in p v tn hiu dng in
tng ng c a vo ng qut ngang v qut dc ca dao ng k. th hin ra
trn dao ng k chnh l c tuyn V-A ca phn t phi tuyn i = f(u). Tuy nhin,
chng ta phi chuyn th Volt Volt trn mn hnh sang th Volt - Amper bng
cch ly i xng qua trc tung(thay u bng u).
Phn tch mch phi tuyn bng phng php th:
Phn tch mch ang xem xt thnh 2 phn nh hnh bn di:
i
RT
UT
i
+
u
Phn mch tuyn tnh
Phn mch phi tuyn
Phn th nht l phn mch tuyn tnh. Phn mch ny c biu din di dng
mch tng ng Thevenin, gm ngun UT mc ni tip vi in tr RT. Mi
quan h gia dng v p ti hai cc ca phn mch tuyn tnh c c trng bi
phng trnh ng ti:
57

i=
UT u
RT
(1)
Lu : ng ti (1) ct trc honh ti im c gi tr bng in p ngun UT v

c h s gc l -1/RT . Nu in p ngun UT thay i th ng ti s thay i
nhng chng lun song song vi nhau.
Phn th hai l phn mch phi tuyn. Phn t phi tuyn ny c c trng bi
c tuyn V-A: i = f(u) (2).
Nu UT l ngun in p mt chiu: ng ti (1) s khng thay i theo thi
gian. Giao im ca hai thi (1) v (2) cho ta bit gi tr dng v p trn phn t
phi tuyn.
(2)
UT
RT
I
(1)
UT
Nu UT l ngun in p xoay chiu: ng ti (1) s thay i lin tc theo thi

gian, t th ta s thu c dng sng ca dng in i(t) nh hnh v:
i
(1)
(2)
Um/RT
u
Um
t
UT
58

Nu UT bao gm ngun in p mt chiu v xoay chiu: ng ti (1) s thay
i lin tc theo thi gian xung quanh ng ti tnh, t th ta s thu c
dng sng ca dng in i(t) nh hnh v:
i
i
(1)
(2)
UDC/RT
UDC
UT
T th chng ta nhn thy rng nu bin ca thnh phn xoay chiu ca ngun UT
tng ln th dng in qua phn t phi tuyn s khng l hnh Sin na.
Bng mch th nghim: bn s 4 MODULE 4B.
My pht sng.
Ngun p DC iu chnh c.
Dao ng k.
VOM.
B dy ni.
IV/. PHN TH NGHIM
1/. Xy dng c tuyn V-A ca phn t tr phi tuyn: Diode chnh lu v Diode
Zener
a/. c tuyn V-A ca Diode chnh lu:
Bc cng tc ngun my pht sng v tr OFF.
Mc mch th nghim nh hnh 21.
59
CH Y
GND
My
pht
sng
i
+
-
D
CH X
D
u
Hnh 22
Hnh 21
Cc bc thc hin
Mc dao ng k nh hnh v, in p trn in tr c a vo knh Y,
v in p ngc trn Diode c a vo knh X.
Bc ngun my pht sng v iu chnh my pht sng pht tn hiu hnh
sin c bin l 5V v tn s khong 50Hz hoc nh hn.
Chn H-Mode ca dao ng k l X-Y.
Cu hi:
1a.1. Hy v th nhn c t dao ng k.
1a.2. T th nhn c hy suy ra c tuyn V-A ca Diode vi chiu dng v

p trn Diode nh hnh 22.
60
b/. c tuyn V-A ca Diode Zener:

Sinh vin mc mch th nghim nh hnh 23.
Thc hin cc bc th nghim ging nh phn trn.
CH Y
R
GND
My
pht
DZ
sng
DZ
CH X
Hnh 23
Hnh 24
Cu hi:
1b.1. Hy v th nhn c t dao ng k.
1b.2. Xc nh c tuyn V-A ca Diode Zener, vi qui c dng v p trn

Diode Zener nh trong hnh 24.
61
1K
2/. Mch tr phi tuyn ngun DC:
Cc bc thc hin
t cng tc ngun DC v tr OFF.
Vdc
1K Uout
Sinh vin mc mch th nghim nh hnh 25.

Bc cng tc ngun DC ON.
Hnh 25
Ln lt iu chnh gi tr ngun DC l 1V, 2V, 5V, 10V. Dng VOM s

o cc gi tr Uout tng ng ri in vo bng sau:
Vdc
1V
2V
5V
10V
Uout
Nhn xt
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
Hy lm li cc bc th nghim trn ng vi mch hnh 26.
1K
+
D
Uout
Vdc
1K
Hnh 26
Vdc
1V
2V
5V
10V
Uout
62

3/. Mch tr phi tuyn ngun iu ha:
Cc bc thc hin
t cng tc ngun my pht sng

v tr OFF.
+
My
Pht
Bc ngun my pht sng v iu

chnh my pht sng pht tn hiu
hnh Sin c bin l 5Vv tn s
1Khz.
Sng
1K
Hnh 27
Cu hi:
Uout
3.1. Dng dao ng k xem v v li dng sng Uout(t).
3.2. Xc nh li dng sng Uout(t) theo phng php th.
Uout
63

3.3. Dng Volt k in t o in p ra Uout. Hy kim chng gi tr o c
bng khai trin Fourier.
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
4/. Mch tr phi tuyn ngun AC v DC:
Cc bc thc hin
My
t cng tc ngun my pht sng v

tr OFF.
Pht Sng
Vac
1K
Uout
Vdc
Chnh ngun Vdc = 5V.
Bt ngun my pht sng v iu

chnh my pht sng pht tn hiu hnh
Sin c bin l 1V v tn s 1Khz.
Hnh28
Cu hi:
Uout
4.2. Kim tra li theo phng php th.
4.3. Thay i bin my pht sng l 2V, v li dng sng Uout(t).

64

4.4. Tng bin ng ra my pht sng, nhn xt v s thay i Uout(t). Gii
thch.
5/. Mch chnh lu bn k:
D
+
My
1K
Pht
C1
C2
C3
Uout
Sng
-
Hnh 29
Cc bc thc hin:
Bc ngun my pht sng v iu chnh my pht sng pht tn hiu hnh
Sin c bin l 5V v tn s 50Hz.
Cu hi:
Uout
5.2. Lp li th nghim trn ng vi cc trng hp sau:

a. C t C1;
65
Uout
Uout
b. C t C1 v C2;
Uout
c. C t C1, C2 v C3.
5.3. Nhn xt v gii thch.

.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
66

Tai Lieu Thi Nghiem Mach Dien

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Tai Lieu Thi Nghiem Mach Dien

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

TRNG I HC TN C THNG

TI LIU HNG DN TH NGHIM

Tp.H Ch Minh, thng 4 - 2010

CNG HA X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM

Tai lieu hng dan th nghiem mch in

B mn K thut in, Khoa in in t

Tai lieu hng dan th nghiem mch in

Nhn xt ca gio vin hng dn

MCH IN DC, MCH THEVENIN-NORTON

Quan h gia dng v p trn mt phn t in tr R:

Qui c: Cc dng in c chiu dng i vo nt th ly du (+), cn i ra

B mn K thut in, Khoa in in t

Tai lieu hng dan th nghiem mch in

S dng mch (a),

Tai lieu hng dan th nghiem mch in

B mn K thut in, Khoa in in t

Tai lieu hng dan th nghiem mch in

S dng mch (b), MODULE 1A

Tai lieu hng dan th nghiem mch in

S dng s trong MODULE 1B.

B mn K thut in, Khoa in in t

Tai lieu hng dan th nghiem mch in

B mn K thut in, Khoa in in t

Tai lieu hng dan th nghiem mch in

3/. Hin tng ngn mch, h mch

B mn K thut in, Khoa in in t

Tai lieu hng dan th nghiem mch in

B mn K thut in, Khoa in in t

Tai lieu hng dan th nghiem mch in

Ngn mch hai im E-M

T bng s liu, hy nhn xt cc kt qu o c.

B mn K thut in, Khoa in in t

Tai lieu hng dan th nghiem mch in

Nhn xt ca gio vin hng dn

MCH THEVENIN V MNG MT CA

: in p h chng mch trn phn mng mt ca.

: dng in ngn mch qua ca phn mng mt ca.

: tr khng vo mng mt ca khi cho n tr nn th ng.

Mt khc, cc gi tr trong cc s tng ng trn cn c lin quan vi nhau

Tai lieu hng dan th nghiem mch in

Cng thc ny gip ta xc nh c Zo thng qua vic xc nh Uhm v Inm .

Trong E v Zn c xc nh theo nh l tng ng Thevenin.

B mn K thut in, Khoa in in t

Tai lieu hng dan th nghiem mch in

Mc ch: Xy dng s tng ng Thevenin v Norton ca mch nhn

B mn K thut in, Khoa in in t

Tai lieu hng dan th nghiem mch in

B mn K thut in, Khoa in in t

Tai lieu hng dan th nghiem mch in

B mn K thut in, Khoa in in t

Tai lieu hng dan th nghiem mch in

B mn K thut in, Khoa in in t

Tai lieu hng dan th nghiem mch in

Nhn xt ca gio vin hng dn

TH NGHIM MCH IN AC 1 PHA

MCH XOAY CHIU 1 PHA

B mn K thut in, Khoa in in t

Tai lieu hng dan th nghiem mch in

Da vo hnh 7, sinh vin ln lt mc mch vi cc ti Z l: R, L, C.

B mn K thut in, Khoa in in t

Tai lieu hng dan th nghiem mch in

Th nghim c tin hnh theo cc bc sau:

Tai lieu hng dan th nghiem mch in

3. Tnh biu thc UAB.I.Cos(). So snh vi cng sut o c.