Chapter 7 Newtons Second Law Physics, 6

th
Edition
Chapter 7. Newtons Second Law
Newtons Second Law
7-1. A 4-k !ass is acted on "y a res#$tant %orce o% &a' 4 N, &"' ( N, and &c' 1) N. *hat are the
res#$tin acce$erations+
&a'
a = =
4N
4 k
1 !,s
)
&"'
a = =
(N
4 k
) !,s
)
&c'
a = =
1)N
4 k
- !,s
)
7-). A constant %orce o% ). N acts on a !ass o% &a' ) k, &"' 4 k, and &c' 6 k. *hat are the
res#$tin acce$erations+
&a'
a = =
).N
) k
1. !,s
)
&"'
a = =
).N
4 k
/ !,s
)
&c'
a = =
).N
6 k
-.-- !,s
)
7--. A constant %orce o% 6. $" acts on each o% three o"0ects, prod#cin acce$erations o% 4, (, and
1) N. *hat are the !asses+
m= =
6. $"
4 %t , s
)
1/ s$#s m= =
6. $"
( %t , s
)
7./ s$#s m= =
6. $"
1) %t , s
)
/ s$#s
7-4. *hat res#$tant %orce is necessary to i1e a 4-k ha!!er an acce$eration o% 6 !,s
)
+
F = ma = &4 k'&6 !,s
)
'2 3 4 )4 N
7-/. 5t is deter!ined that a res#$tant %orce o% 6. N wi$$ i1e a waon an acce$eration o% 1. !,s
)
.
*hat %orce is re6#ired to i1e the waon an acce$eration o% on$y ) !,s
)
+
m= =
6.
6
N
1. !, s
s$#s
)
2 F = ma = &6 s$#s'&) !,s
)
'2 3 4 1) N
7-6. A 1...-k car !o1in north at 1.. k!,h "rakes to a stop in /. !. *hat are the !anit#de
and direction o% the %orce+ Convert to SI units7 100 k!,h = 27.8 !,s
)
)
. )7 (
)
) )
) )
)
as v v a
v v
s
a
f o
f o
= =

= 2
& ' & .
&/. !'
2
!, s'
7.7) !, s
)
)
F = ma = &1... k'&7.7) !,s
)
'2 F 4 77) N, South.
6/
Chapter 7 Newtons Second Law Physics, 6
th
Edition
The Relationship Between Weight and Mass
7-7. *hat is the weiht o% a 4.( k !ai$"o8+ *hat is the !ass o% a 4.-N tank+
W = &4.( k'&9.( !,s
)
' 4 47.. N 2 m=
4. N
9.( !, s
)
4 4..( k
7-(. *hat is the !ass o% a 6.-$" chi$d+ *hat is the weiht o% a 7-s$# !an+
m=
6. $"
-) %t , s
)
4 1.(( s$#s 2 W = &7 s$#s'&-) %t,s
)
' 4 ))4 $"
7-9. A wo!an weihs 1(. $" on earth. *hen she wa$ks on the !oon, she weihs on$y -. $".
*hat is the acce$eration d#e to ra1ity on the !oon and what is her !ass on the !oon+ :n
the Earth+
Her mass is the same on the moon as it is on the earth, so we first find the constant mass
m
e
= =
1(.
/6)/
$"
-) %t , s
s$#s2
)
. m
m
= m
e
= !."2 s#u$s %
W
m
= m
m
$
m

$
m
=
-. $"
/.6)/ s$#s
% $
m
= !.&& %t,s
)
7-1.. *hat is the weiht o% a 7.-k astrona#t on the s#r%ace o% the earth. Co!pare the res#$tant
%orce re6#ired to i1e hi! or her an acce$eration o% 4 !,s
)
on the earth with the res#$tant
%orce re6#ired to i1e the sa!e acce$eration in space where ra1ity is ne$ii"$e+
'n earth W = &7. k'&9.( !,s
)
' 4 6(6 N 2 3
;
4 &7. k'&4 !,s
)
' 4 )(. N
(n)where F
*
= 280 N +he mass doesn,t chan$e.
7-11. 3ind the !ass and the weiht o% a "ody i% a res#$tant %orce o% 16 N wi$$ i1e it an
acce$eration o% / !,s
)
.
m=
16
/.
N
!, s
)
.
4 -.). k 2 W = &-.). k'&9.( !,s
)
' 4 -1.4 N
66
Chapter 7 Newtons Second Law Physics, 6
th
Edition
7-1). 3ind the !ass and weiht o% a "ody i% a res#$tant %orce o% ).. $" ca#ses its speed to
increase %ro! ). %t,s to 6. %t,s in a ti!e o% / s.
a m = = =
6. %t , s - ). %t , s
/ s
%t , s
$"
( %t , s
)
)
(
)..
2 4 )/.. s$#s
W = m$ 4 &)/.. s$#s'&-) %t,s
)
'2 * 4 (.. $"
7-1-. 3ind the !ass and weiht o% a "ody i% a res#$tant %orce o% 4.. N ca#ses it to decrease its
1e$ocity "y 4 !,s in - s.
a
v
t
a = =

=
4
-
1--
!, s
s
!, s
)
2 . 2 m=

4..
1--
N
!, s
)
.
2 m = &00 k
W = m$ = &-.. k'&9.( !,s
)
'2 W 4 )94. N
Applications for Single-Bod !ro"le#s$
7-14. *hat hori<onta$ p#$$ is re6#ired to dra a 6-k s$ed with an acce$eration o% 4 !,s
)
i% a
%riction %orce o% ). N opposes the !otion+
- = ). N 4 &6 k'&4 !,s
)
'2 - 4 44.. N
7-1/. A )/..-$" a#to!o"i$e is speedin at // !i,h. *hat res#$tant %orce is re6#ired to stop the
car in ).. %t on a $e1e$ road. *hat !#st "e the coe%%icient o% kinetic %riction+
We first find the mass and then the acce#eration. &// !i,h 4 (..7 !,s'
m as v v
f
= = =
)/..
)
)
.
)
$"
-) %t , s
7(.1 s$#s2 Now reca$$ that7
)

%t , s'
)&).. %t'
and - 16.- !, s
)
)
a
v v
s
a
f
=

=
)
.
)
)
. 7 & ' &(..
2
F = ma = &7(.1 s$#s'&-16.- %t,s
)
'2 3 4 -1)7. $"
k
1)7. $"
2 2
)/.. $"
. .
F / = =
k
4 ../.(
67
6 k
). N
!
Chapter 7 Newtons Second Law Physics, 6
th
Edition
7-16. A 1.-k !ass is $i%ted #pward "y a $iht ca"$e. *hat is the tension in the ca"$e i% the
acce$eration is &a' <ero, &"' 6 !,s
)
#pward, and &c' 6 !,s
)
downward+
/ote that u0 is 0ositive and that W = &1. k'&9.( !,s
)
' 4 9( N.
1a2 + 3 48 N 4 &1. k'&. !,s
2
) and > 4 9( N
152 + 3 48 N 4 &1. k'&6 !,s
2
) and > 4 6. N ? 9( N or > 4 1/( N
1c2 + 3 48 N 4 &1. k'&-6 !,s
2
) and > 4 - 6. N ? 9( N or > 4 -(.. N
7-17. A 64-$" $oad hans at the end o% a rope. 3ind the acce$eration o% the $oad i% the tension in
the ca"$e is &a' 64 $", &"' 4. $", and &c' 96 $".
&a'
)
64 $"
2 64 $" 64 $" 4
-) %t,s
W
+ W a a
$

=


2 a = 0
&"'
)
64 $"
2 4. $" 64 $" 4
-) %t,s
W
+ W a a
$

=


2 a = 612.0 %t,s
)
&"'
)
64 $"
2 96 $" 64 $" 4
-) %t,s
W
+ W a a
$

=


2 a = 1".0 %t,s
)
7-1(. An (..-k e$e1ator is $i%ted 1ertica$$y "y a stron rope. 3ind the acce$eration o% the
e$e1ator i% the rope tension is &a' 9... N, &"' 7(4. N, and &c' )... N.
/ewton,s #aw for the 0ro5#em is7 + 3 m$ = ma 1u0 is 0ositive2
&a' 9... N = &(.. k'&9.( !,s
)
' 4 &(.. k'a % a = 1.4/ !,s
)
&a' 7(4. N = &(.. k'&9.( !,s
)
' 4 &(.. k'a % a = 0
&a' )... N = &(.. k'&9.( !,s
)
' 4 &(.. k'a % a = -7.-. !,s
)
7-19. A hori<onta$ %orce o% 1.. N p#$$s an (-k ca"inet across a $e1e$ %$oor. 3ind the
acce$eration o% the ca"inet i%
k
% ..).
F =
.
N =
k
m$ F = 0.2&( k'&9.( !,s
2
) = 15.7
6(
W % mg
?
T
1. k
W
?
T
m = W7$
8
m
m$
T
m$
F
1.. N
N
Chapter 7 Newtons Second Law Physics, 6
th
Edition
1.. N = F 4 ma% 100 N = 1/.7 N 4 &( k' a% a = 1../ !,s
)
7-).. 5n 3i. 7-1., an #nknown !ass s$ides down the -.. inc$ined p$ane.
*hat is the acce$eration in the a"sence o% %riction+
3
8
4 !a
9
% m$ sin &0
0
= ma % a = $ sin &0
0

a = &9.( !,s
)
' sin -.
.
4 4.9. !,s
)
, down the p$ane
7-)1. Ass#!e that
k
% ..) in 3i 7-1.. *hat is the acce$eration+
*hy did yo# not need to know the !ass o% the "$ock+
3
8
4 !a
9
% m$ sin -.
.
-
k
N 4 ma % N = m$ cos -.
.
m$ sin -.
.
-
k
m$ cos -.
.
4 ma % a = $ sin -.
.
-
k
cos -.
.
a = &9.( !,s
)
'&../' = ..)&9.( !,s
)
'&..(66'2 a 4 -.). !,s
)
, down the p$ane.
@7-)). Ass#!e that m 4 5 . k and
k
4 .. - in 3i. 7- 1.. *hat p#sh - directed #p and a$on
the inc$ine in 3i.7-1. wi$$ prod#ce an acce$eration o% 4 !,s
)
a$so #p the inc$ine+
F 4
k
N 4
k
m$ cos -.
.
2 F 4 ..-&1. k'&9.( !,s
)
'cos -.
.
4 )/./ N
3
8
4 !a2 - = F = m$ sin -.
.
4 ma
- 3 2!.! N = &1. k'&9.( !,s
)
'&../' 4 &1. k'&4 !,s
)
'
- 3 2!.! N = 49.. N 4 4. N2 - 4 114 N
@7-)-. *hat %orce P down the inc$ine in 3i. 7-1. is re6#ired to ca#se the acce$eration A:*N
the p$ane to "e 4 !,s
)
+ Ass#!e that in 4 5: k and
k
4 .. -.
See -ro5. 7622 F is u0 the 0#ane now. - is down 0#ane 182.
F
9
= ma2 - - F ? m$ sin -.
.
4 ma 2 Sti##, F 4 )/./ N
69
?
?
m$
N
-.
.
-.
.
F
m$
N
-.
.
-.
.
!
F
m$
N
-.
.
-.
.
F
-.
.
!
m$
N
-.
.
Chapter 7 Newtons Second Law Physics, 6
th
Edition
- 6 2!.! N ? &1. k'&9.( !,s
)
'&../' 4 &1. k'&4 !,s
)
'
- 6 2!.! N ? 49.. N 4 4. N2 - 4 16./ N
Applications for M&lti-Bod !ro"le#s
7-)4. Ass#!e <ero %riction in 3i. 7-11. *hat is the acce$eration o% the syste!+ *hat is the
tension > in the connectin cord+
*esu#tant force = tota# mass 9 acce#eration
80 N 4 &) k ? 6 k'a% a = 10 !,s
)
+o find +, a00#) F = ma to "6.$ 5#oc. on#) 80 N = > 4 &6 k'&1. !,s
2
); = 20
7-)/. *hat %orce does "$ock A e8ert on "$ock B in 3i, 7-1)+
F = m
+
a% 4/ N 4 &1/ k' a% a = & !,s
)
Force '/ : = m
:
a = &/ k'&- !,s
)
'2 3 4 1/ N
@7-)6. *hat are the acce$eration o% the syste! and the tension in the
connectin cord %or the arrane!ent shown in 3i. 7-1-+
(ssume ;ero friction and draw free65od) dia$rams.
For tota# s)stem m
2
$ = 1m
1
8 m
2
2a 1m
1
$ is 5a#anced 5) N2

a
m $
m m
=
+
=
)
1 )
6 & ' k'&9.( !, s
4 k ? 6 k
)
% a = !.88 !,s
)
/ow, to find +, consider on#) m
1
F = m
1
a + = m
1
a = &4 k'&/.(( !,s
2
); = 23.5
@7-)7. 5% the coe%%icient o% kinetic %riction "etween the ta"$e and the 4 k "$ock is ..) in
3i. 7-1-, what is the acce$eration o% the syste!. *hat is the tension in the cord+
F
)
= 0% N = m
1
$% F =
.
N =
.
m
1
$
7.
>
6 k
) k (. N
4/ N
/ k
1. k
A
B
N
m
1
g
m
2
g
T
T
8a
F
'
N
m
1
g
m
2
g
T
T
8a
Chapter 7 Newtons Second Law Physics, 6
th
Edition
For tota# s)stem m
2
$ 6
.
m
1
$ = 1m
1
8 m
2
2a
a
m $ m $
m m
.
=

+
=

) 1
1 )
6 & ' & k'&9.( !, s ..)'&4 k'&9.( !, s '
4 k ? 6 k
) )
@7-)7. &Cont.'
a =
/(.( N 7.(4 N
1. k
or a = /.1. !,s
)
+o find +, consider on#) m
2
and ma.e down 0ositive
F
)
= m
2
a % m
2
$ 3 + = m
2
a% + = m
2
$ 3 m
2
a
= &6 k'&9.( !,s
)
' = &6 k'&/.1. !,s
)
'2 > 4 )(.) N
@7-)(. Ass#!e that the !asses m
1
= ) k and m
2
= ( k are connected "y a cord
that passes o1er a $iht %riction$ess p#$$ey as in 3i. 7-14. *hat is the
acce$eration o% the syste! and the tension in the cord+
*esu#tant force = tota# mass of s)stem 9 acce#eration
m
2
$ 3 m
1
$ = 1m
1
8 m
2
2a
a
m $ m $
m m
=

+
) 1
1 )
a =
&( k'&9.( !, s ' - &) k'&9.( !, s
k ? ( k
) )
'
)
a = /.(( !,s
2
/ow #oo. at m
1
a#one
+ 6 m
1
$ = m
1
a% + = m
1
1$ 8 a2 = &) k'&9.( !,s
)
= /.(( !,s
)
'2 > 4 -1.4 N
@7-)9. >he syste! descri"ed in 3i. 7-1/ starts %ro! rest. *hat is the
acce$eration ass#!in <ero %riction+ 1assume motion down 0#ane2
F
9
= m
+
a% m
1
$ sin -)
.
= m
2
$ = 1m
1
8 m
2
2 a
&1. k'&9.( !,s
)
'sin -)
.
= &) k'&9.( !,s
)
' 4 &1. k ? ) k'a

a =
/19 . N - 19.6 N
1) k
a = ).69 !,s
)
71
F
'
N
m
1
g
m
2
g
T
T
8a
8a
m
2
g
m
1
g
T
T
T
-)
.
m
1
g
N
-)
.
m
2
g
T
8a
Chapter 7 Newtons Second Law Physics, 6
th
Edition
@7--.. *hat is the acce$eration in 3i. 7-1/ as the 1.-k "$ock !o1es down the p$ane aainst
%riction &
k
4 ..)'. (dd friction force F u0 0#ane in fi$ure for 0revious 0ro5#em.
m
1
$ sin -)
.
= m
2
$ 3 F = 1m
1
8 m
2
2 a % F
)
= 0 % N = m
1
$ cos -)
.

@7--.. &Cont.' m
1
$ sin -)
.
= m
2
$ 3 F = 1m
1
8 m
2
2 a % F 4
k
N =
.
m
1
$ cos -)
.
m
1
$ sin -)
.
= m
2
$ 3
.
m
1
$ cos -)
.
= 1m
1
8 m
2
2 a % a = 1.-1 !,s
)
@7--1 *hat is the tension in the cord %or Pro"$e! 7--.+ (00#) F = ma to mass m
2
on#)
+ 3 m
2
$ = m
2
a% + = m
2
1$ 8 a2 = &) k'&9.( !,s
)
? 1.-1 !,s
)
'2 > 4 )).) N
Challenge !ro"le#s
7--). A )...-$" e$e1ator is $i%ted 1ertica$$y with an acce$eration o% ( %t,s
)
.
3ind the !ini!#! "reakin strenth o% the ca"$e p#$$in the e$e1ator+
3
y
4 ma%
m
W
$
m = = =
)... $"
-) %t , s
6)./ s$#s
)
2
+ 3 m$ = ma% + = m1$ 8 a2% + = &6)./ s$#s'&-) %t,s
)
? ( %t,s
)
'2 > 4 )/.. $"
7---. A )..-$" worker stands on weihin sca$es in the e$e1ator o% Pro"$e! 7--).
*hat is the readin o% the sca$es as he is $i%ted at ( !,s+
+he sca#e readin$ wi## 5e e<ua# to the norma# force N on wor.er.
N 3 m$ = ma% N = m1$ 8 a2% + = &6)./ s$#s'&-) %t,s
)
? ( %t,s
)
'2 > 4 )/.. $"
7--4. A (-k $oad is acce$erated #pward with a cord whose "reakin strenth is ).. N. *hat is
the !a8i!#! acce$eration+
7)
(a
T
)... $"
(a
).. $"
N
8 k
(a
T % ).. N
m$
Chapter 7 Newtons Second Law Physics, 6
th
Edition
+
ma9
= m$ = ma a
+ m$
m
=

=
!a8
' )..
(
N - &( k'&9.( !, s
k
)
a 4 1/.) !,s
)
7--/. 3or r#""er tires on a concrete road
k
4 ..7. *hat is the hori<onta$ stoppin distance %or a
16..-k tr#ck tra1e$in at ). !,s+ +he sto00in$ distance is determined 5) the
acce#eration from a resu#tant friction force F =
.
N, where N 4 m$
F 4 -
k
m$ = ma2 a = 6
.
$ = 6 &..7'&9.( !,s
)
'2 a = 66.(6!,s
)
*eca## that 2as = v
o
2
6 v
f
2
% s
v v
a
f
=

)
.
)
)
. &). !, s'
)&-6.(6 !, s '
)
)
% s = )9.) k!
@7--6. S#ppose the 4 and 6-k !asses in 3i. 7-1- are switched so that the $arer !ass is on the
ta"$e. *hat wo#$d "e the acce$eration and tension in the cord ne$ectin %riction+
For tota# s)stem m
2
$ = 1m
1
8 m
2
2% m
1
= 6 k2 m
2
= 4 k

a
m $
m m
=
+
=
)
1 )
4 & ' k'&9.( !, s
6 k ? 4 k
)
% a = -.9) !,s
)
F = m
1
a + = m
1
a = &6 k'&/.(( !,s
2
); = 23.5

@7--7. Consider two !asses A and B connected "y a cord and h#n o1er a sin$e p#$$ey. 5%
!ass A is twice that o% !ass B, what is the acce$eration o% the syste!+
m
(
= 2m
:
% If the #eft mass : is m, the ri$ht mass ( wi## 5e 2m.
2m$ 3 m$ = 12m 8 m2a m$ = &ma
a
$
= =
-
9( . !, s
-
)
a = -.)7 !,s
2

@7--(. A /-k !ass rests on a -4
.
inc$ined p$ane where
k
4 ..). *hat p#sh
7-
N
m
1
g
m
2
g
T
T
8a
B
A
2m
m
8a
2mg
mg
T
T
F
-4
.
!
m$
N
-4
.
?
Chapter 7 Newtons Second Law Physics, 6
th
Edition
#p the inc$ine, wi$$ ca#se the "$ock to acce$erate at 4 !,s
)
+
F 4
k
N 4
k
m$ cos -4
.
2 F 4 ..)&/ k'&9.( !,s
)
'cos -4
.
4 (.1) N
3
8
4 !a2 - = F = m$ sin -4
.
4 ma
- 3 8.12 N = &/ k'&9.( !,s
)
' sin -4
.
4 &/ k'&4 !,s
)
' - 4 47.4 N
@7--9. A 96-$" "$ock rests on a ta"$e where
k
% ..4. A cord tied to this "$ock passes o1er a
$iht %riction$ess p#$$ey. *hat weiht !#st "e attached to the %ree end i% the syste! is to
acce$erated at 4 %t,s
)
+
F 4
k
N 4 ..) &96 $"'2 F 4 19.) $"
( )
)
)
96 $" ? *
* - 19.) $"4 4 %t,s
-) %t,s



* = 19.) $" 4 1) $" ? ..1)/ *2 * 4 -/.7 $"
Critical Thin'ing )&estions
7-4.. 5n a $a"oratory e8peri!ent, the acce$eration o% a s!a$$ car is !eas#red "y the separation o%
spots "#rned at re#$ar inter1a$s in a para%%in-coated tape. Larer and $arer weihts are
trans%erred %ro! the car to a haner at the end o% a tape that passes o1er a $iht %riction$ess
p#$$ey. 5n this !anner, the !ass o% the entire syste! is kept constant. Since the car !o1es
on a hori<onta$ air track with ne$ii"$e %riction, the res#$tant %orce is e6#a$ to the weihts
at the end o% the tape. >he %o$$owin data are recorded7
*eiht, N ) 4 6 ( 1. 1)
Acce$eration, !,s
)
1.4 ).9 4.1 /.6 7.1 (.4
74
F
N
96 $"
W
T
T
8a
F
o
r
c
e
,

N
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Acce$eration, !,s
)
F
a
Chapter 7 Newtons Second Law Physics, 6
th
Edition
P$ot a raph o% weiht &%orce' 1ers#s acce$eration. *hat is the sini%icance o% the s$ope o%
this c#r1e+ *hat is the !ass+
+he s#o0e is the chan$e in Force over
the chan$e in acce#eration, which is
the mass of the s)stem. +hus, the mass
is found to 5e m = 1.4) k
7-41. 5n the a"o1e e8peri!ent, a st#dent
p$aces a constant weiht o% 4 N at the %ree end o% the tape. Se1era$ r#ns are !ade,
increasin the !ass o% the car each ti!e "y addin weihts. *hat happens to the
acce$eration as the !ass o% the syste! is increased+ *hat sho#$d the 1a$#e o% the prod#ct
o% !ass and acce$eration "e %or each r#n+ 5s it necessary to inc$#de the !ass o% the
constant 4 N weiht in these e8peri!ents+
+he acce#eration increases with increasin$ mass. (ccordin$ to /ewton,s second #aw, the
0roduct of the tota# mass of the s)stem and the acce#eration must a#wa)s 5e e<ua# to the
resu#tant force of 4 N for each run. It is necessar) to add the mass of the 4-N wei$ht to
each of the runs 5ecause it is 0art of the tota# mass of the s)stem.

7-4). An arrane!ent si!i$ar to that descri"ed "y 3i. 7-1- is set #p e8cept that the !asses are
rep$aced. *hat is the acce$eration o% the syste! i% the s#spended
!ass is three ti!es that o% the !ass on the ta"$e and
k
4 ..-.
F
)
= 0% N = m$% F =
.
N =
.
m$
For tota# s)stem &m$ 6
.
m$ = 1&m 8 m2a % 1& 6
.
2m$ = = ma
7/
F
'
N
mg
&mg
T
T
8a
Chapter 7 Newtons Second Law Physics, 6
th
Edition
a
$
.
=

=
& ' -
4
&- - ..-'&9.( !, s '
4
)
a = 6.6) !,s
)
7-4-. >hree !asses, ) k, 4 k, and 6 k, are connected &in order' "y strins and
h#n %ro! the cei$in with another strin so that the $arest !ass is in the $owest
position. *hat is the tension in each cord+ 5% they are then detached %ro! the
cei$in, what !#st "e the tension in the top strin in order that the syste!
acce$erate #pward at 4 !,s
)
+ 5n the $atter case what are the tensions in the
strins that connect !asses+
7-4-. &Cont.' +he tension in each strin$ is due on#) to the wei$hts :>?'W the strin$. +hus,
+
C
= &6 k'&9.( !,s
)
' 4 /(.( N 2 +
:
= &6 k ? 4 k'&9.( !,s
)
' 4 9(.. N 2
+
(
= &6 k ? 4 k ? ) k'&9.( !,s
)
' 4 11( N
/ow consider the u0ward acce#eration of 4 !,s
2
.
3
y
4 .2 +
(
4 &) k ? 4 k ? 6 k'&4 !,s
)
'2 >
A
4 4( N
+
:
= &4 k ? 6 k'&4 !,s
)
' 4 4. N 2 >
C
4 &6 k'&4 !,s
)
' 4 )4 N
7-44. An (.-k astrona#t on a space wa$k p#shes aainst a )..-k so$ar pane$ that has "eco!e
dis$oded %ro! a spacecra%t. >he %orce ca#ses the pane$ to acce$erate at ) !,s
)
. *hat
acce$eration does the astrona#t recei1e+ Ao they contin#e to acce$erate a%ter the p#sh+
+he force on the so#ar 0ane# F
0
is e<ua# and o00osite that on the astronaut F
a
.
F
0
= m
0
a
0
% F
a
= m
a
a
a
% +hus, m
0
a
0
= 6 m
a
a
a
% so#ve for a
a

a
m a
m
a
0 0
a
= =
&).. k'&) !, s '
(. k
)
2 a = - / !,s
)
76
C
B
A
4 k
6 k
) k
a = 8 = m7s
2
C
B
A
4 k
6 k
) k
Chapter 7 Newtons Second Law Physics, 6
th
Edition
(cce#eration e9ists on#) whi#e a force is a00#ied, once the force is removed, 5oth astronaut
and so#ar 0ane# move in o00osite directions at the s0eeds o5tained when contact is
5ro.en..
7-4/. A 4..-$" s$ed s$ides down a hi$$ &
k
4 ..)' inc$ined at an an$e o% 6.
.
. *hat is the nor!a$
%orce on the s$ed+ *hat is the %orce o% kinetic %riction+ *hat is the res#$tant %orce down
the hi$$+ *hat is the acce$eration+ 5s it necessary to know the weiht o% the s$ed to
deter!ine its acce$eration+
3
y
4 0% N = * cos 6.
.
4 .2 N 4 &4.. $"'cos 6.
.
4 ).. $" 2
F 4
k
N 4 &..)'&).. $"'2 F 4 4. $"
3
8
4 W sin 6.
.
= F = 1=00 $"'sin 6.
.
= 4. $"2 3
;
4 -.6 $"
7-4/ &Cont.2 Since F
*
4 ma% we note that W sin "0
0
6
.
W = 1W7$2a% +hus, the wei$ht
divides out and it is not necessar) for determinin$ the resu#tant acce#eration.
@7-46. >hree !asses, m
1
= 1. k, m
2
= ( k, and m
&
= 6 k, are connected as shown in 3i. 7-
16. Ne$ectin %riction, what is the acce$eration o% the syste!+ *hat are the tensions in
the cord on the $e%t and in the cord on the riht+ *o#$d the acce$eration "e the sa!e i%
the !idd$e !ass m
2
were re!o1ed+
+ota# mass of s)stem = 110 8 8 8"2 = )4 k
*esu#tant Force on s)stem = m
1
$ 3 m
&
$
+he norma# force N 5a#ances m
2
$% 3 4 m
+
a
m
1
$ 3 m
&
$ = 1m
1
8 m
2
8m
&
2a % &1. k'&9.( !,s
)
' = &6 k'&9.( !,s
)
' 4 &)4 k' a
&)4 k'a 4 9(.. N = /(.( N2 a = 1.6- !,s
)
2 +he acce#eration is not affected 5) m
2
.
77
* 4 ! 4 4.. $"
?a
N
F
6.
.
6.
.
N
1. k 6 k
?
?
+
:
+
(
+
:
+
(
m
&
$
m
1
$
m
2
$
( k
Chapter 7 Newtons Second Law Physics, 6
th
Edition
+o find +
(
a00#) F = m
1
a to 1.6k !ass7 m
1
$ 3 +
(
= m
1
a % +
(
= m
1
$ 3 m
1
a
+
(
= m
1
1$ 3 a2 = &1. k'&9.( !,s
2
1.6- !,s
)
'2 +
(
= (1.7 N
/ow a00#) to "-k !ass7 +
:
3 m
&
$ = m
&
a% +
:
= m
&
$ 8 m
&
a
+
:
= &6 k'&9.( !,s
2
+ 1.6- !,s
)
' % +
:
4 6(.6 N
@7-47. Ass#!e that
k
% ..- "etween the !ass m
2
and the ta"$e in 3i. 7-16. >he !asses m
2
and
m
&
are ( and 6 k, respecti1e$y. *hat !ass m
1
is
re6#ired to ca#se the syste! to acce$erate to the
$e%t at ) !,s
)
+ & F 4
k
m
2
$ acts to ri$ht. 2
(00#) F = m
+
a to tota# s)stem, #eft is 0ositive.
m
1
$ 3 F 3 m
&
$ = 1m
1
8 m
2
8m
&
2a % F 4
k
m
2
$ = 0.&&( k'&9.( !,s
)
'2 F 4 )-./ N
m
1
&9.( !,s
)
' = )-./ N - &6 k'&9.( !,s
)
' 4 &m
1
8 14 k'&) !,s
)
'
9.( m
1
3 )-./ k = /(.( k 4 )m
1
8 28 k 2 m
1
= 14.1 k
@7-4(. A "$ock o% #nknown !ass is i1en a p#sh #p a 4.
.
inc$ined p$ane and then re$eased. 5t
contin#es to !o1e #p the p$ane &?' at an acce$eration o% =9 !,s
)
.
*hat is the coe%%icient o% kinetic %riction+
Since 5#oc. is movin$ u0 0#ane, F is directed down 0#ane.
F 4
k
N 2 3
y
4 .2 N 4 ! cos 4.
.
2 F 4
k
! cos 4.
.
3
8
4 !a2 -F - m$ sin 4.
.
4 ma2 -
.
m$ cos 4.
.
- m$ sin 4.
.
4 ma
a = 6
.
$ cos 4.
.
- $ sin 4.
.
2 -9 !,s
)
4 -
k
&9.( !,s
)
' cos 4.
.
- &9.( !,s
)
' sin 4.
.
So#vin$ for
.
we o5tain
.
= ..-6.

7(
N
6 k
?
?
+
:
+
(
+
:
+
(
m
&
$
m
1
$
m
2
$
( k
F
8
F
F
m$
4.
.
4.
.
Chapter 7 Newtons Second Law Physics, 6
th
Edition
@7-49. B$ock A in 3i. 7-17 has a weiht o% 64 $". *hat !#st "e the weiht o% "$ock B i% B$ock
A !o1es #p the p$ane with an acce$eration o% 6 %t,s
)
. Ne$ect %riction.
3
8
4 ma7 *
B
= *
A
sin 6.
.
4 &m
(
8 m
:
2 a

sin 6.
( :
: (
W W
W W a
$
+
=


o
%
)
)
6 %t,s
..1((
-) %t,s
a
$
= =
W
:
3 &64 $"'&..(66' 4 ..1((&64 $" ? *
B
'
W
:
3 //.4 $" 4 1).. $" ? ..1((*
B
2 *
B
4 (-.. $"
@7-/.. >he !ass o% "$ock B in 3i. 7-17 is 4 k. *hat !#st "e the !ass o% "$ock A i% it is to
!o1e down the p$ane at an acce$eration o% ) !,s
)
+ Ne$ect %riction.
3
8
4 ma7 m
(
$ sin 6.
.
- m
B
4 &m
(
8 m
:
2 a
&9.( !,s
)
'&..(66'm
(
3 &4 k'&9.( !,s
)
' 4 m
(
1) !,s
)
' ? &4 k'&) !,s
)
'
(.49 m
(
= -9.) k 4 ) m
(
? ( k2 m
(
4 7.)( k.
@7-/1. Ass#!e that the !asses A and B in 3i. 7-17 are 4 k and 1. k, respecti1e$y. >he
coe%%icient o% kinetic %riction is ..-. 3ind the acce$eration i% &a' the syste! is initia$$y
!o1in #p the p$ane, and &"' i% the syste! is initia$$y !o1in down the p$ane+
&a' With u0ward initia# motion, F is down the 0#ane.
F 4
k
N 2 3
y
4 .2 N 4 m
(
$ cos 6.
.
2 F 4
k
m
(
$ cos 6.
.
*esu#tant force on entire s)stem = tota# mass 9 acce#eration
m
:
$ 3 m
(
$ sin 6.
.
-
k
m
(
$ cos 6.
.
4 &m
(
8 m
:
'a
&1. k'&9.( !,s
)
' = &4 k'&9.( !,s
)
'&..(66' = ..-&1. k'&9.( !,s
)
'&../' 4 &14 k'a
9( N = --.9 N = 14.7 N 4 &14 k'a% or a 4 -./- !,s
)
79
m
:
$
T
T
6.
.
m
(
$
?a
N
6.
.
T
T
*
B

6.
.
*
A
4 64 $"
?a
N
6.
.
F
m
:
$
T
T
6.
.
m
(
$
?a
N
6.
.
Chapter 7 Newtons Second Law Physics, 6
th
Edition
&"' If initia# motion is down the 0#ane, then F is u0 the 0#ane, 5ut the resu#tant force is
sti## down the 0#ane. +he 5#oc. wi## side unti# it sto0s and then $oes the other wa).
F
9
= ma% m
:
$ 3 m
(
$ sin 6.
.
?
k
m
(
$ cos 6.
.
4 &m
(
8 m
:
'a
9( N = --.9 N ? 14.7 N 4 &14 k'a
a 4 /.6- !,s
)
+he $reater acce#eration resu#ts from
the fact that the friction force is increasin$ the resu#tant force
instead of decreasin$ it as was the case in 0art 1a2.
(.
F
m
:
$
T
T
6.
.
m
(
$
?a
N
6.
.