La chn CB

Tnh Ton, La Chn Circuit Breaker

I. Thuyt minh
p ng nhng h v an ton ngy cng cao ca con
ng, cc nh sn xut tht b} n cho ra rt nhu
tht b} bo v mang n dn dung nhm m bo su an
ton to a cho ng su dung, tu beu v thng dung nht
MCB (Mnature Crcut Breaker) v MCCB (Moded Case
Crcut Breaker), RCD (resdua current devce), cu ch...
e ua chon v su dung cc tht b} trn, chng ta nn tham
kho thng tn ca tng oa sn phm:
1. MCB v MCCB:
C nhu nguyn cu v vc phn bt ga MCB v MCCB.
Tuy nhn v kha canh dn dung, knh t ng ta phn bt
ha oa ny dua vo cc yu to sau:
- MCB: dng n khn! v"#t $u 1%%&, n p d
1.000V;
- MCCB: dng n c' th( )*n t+i 1.%%%&, n p d
1.000V.
+ Cng dung: Dng e ng ngat mach n kh c su co qu
t, ngan mach, bo v an ton cho con ng v cho tht b}
su dung n.
+ Cch ua chon: C nhu cch ua chon MCB, MCCB. Tuy
nhn, d cch no th chng cng ph thoa mn u kn
sau:
I
B
< I
n
< I
Z
I
SCB
> I
SC
Trong :
I
B
dng n t n nht;
I
n
dng n }nh mc ca MCB, MCCB;
I
z
dng n cho php n nht ca dy dan n (oc
cho bo nh sn xut);
I
SCB
dng n n nht m MCB, MCCB c the cat;
I
SC
dng n ngan mach).
V du: 1 t mt pha su dung nguon n 220V c dng n
n nht 13A v dng n ngan mach tnh ton oc
5KA.
Th ta chon MCB v dy dan nh sau: MCB Comet CM216A c
dng }nh mc 16A, cng cat n nht 6KA v dy
dan Cadv 2 x 2,5mm2 c dng cho php n nht 18A.
Chng ta nn chon MCB, MCCB ca cc nh sn xut c uy
tn trn th} trng hn nay nh Eaton (M), Schneder (Php),
Cpsa, Hager, Semens, LS... v nhng sn phm ny oc
sn xut v kem tra d nhng u kn, tu chun khat
khe theo tu chun quoc t. o v trng hop km cht
ong th nn thay c m, khng nn sua cha.
,. -C. /re0i1ua) current 1evice2 ho3c 4LCB /4arth
Leaka!e Circuit Breaker2 ho3c -CCB /re0i1ua) current
circuit 5reaker2
+ Cng dung: Dng e ngat mach n mt cch tu ng kh
c hn tong dng r xy ra ga dy qua v dy trung tnh
hoac dy no t;
+ Mt so u kh kem tra v su dung RCD:
* RCD khng bo v qu t, khng bo v kh c su so ngan
mach. RCD tht b} bo v, bn thn n khng ph mt
tht b} ng cat. V vy, RCD ph dng kt hop v tht b}
ng cat ha p khc. Nhng c trng hop cc tht b} ng
cat ha p ny bao gom c mt b RCD ngay trong cu tao
ca n v oc go chung RCD hoac RCCB (resdua current
crcut breaker).
* Nn kem tra RCD hng thng, cch e kem tra RCD
nhn vo nt "Test" hoac "T" trn thn RCD, ng tc ny
vc m phong c xut hn dng n r. Nu RCD tc
ng tot, th mach n b} ngat. Nu ngoc a RCD khng
tc ng th chng ta nn thay c m. Vc kem tra ph
oc ap ap a nhu n e m bo RCD hoat ng mt
cch tot nht.
Chng ta nn chon RCD, RCCB, ELCB ca cc nh sn xut c
uy tn trn th} trng hn nay nh Eaton (M), Bender (c),
Schneder (Php), Cpsa, Hager, Semens,.v nhng sn
phm ny oc sn xut v kem tra d nhng u kn,
tu chun khat khe theo tu chun quoc t. o v trng
hop km cht ong th nn thay c m, khng nn sua
cha.
6. 7hi no th8 19n! :CB, khi no 19n! &CB, MCCB,
MCB
- VCB_Vaccum Crcut Breaker My cat chn khng;
- ACB_Ar Crcut Breaker My cat khng kh;
- MCCB_mouded-case crcut-breakers Ap t mt keu kho;
- MCB Mnature Crcut Breaker Ap t mt oa nho.
Cc thn! 0; k< thu=t chnh
- Tn so;
- Rated servce votage Ue n p m vc }nh mc;
- Rated mpuse wthstand votage Ump n p ch}u xung
}nh mc;
- Rated nsuaton votage U n p cch n }nh mc;
- Rated unnterrupted current Iu Dng cat m;
- Rated utmate short-crcut breakng capacty Icu, kh nang
cat oc dng ngan mach Icu;
- Rated servce short-crcut breakng capacty Ics=%Icu,
(khong t 75% n 100%Icu), cat oc dng ngan mach m;
- Rated short-tme wthstand current Icw: kh nang ch}u ung
dng ngan mach ca tp em trong th gan 1s hoac 3s ty
vo nh sx.
:> tr
- VCB thng dng v n p trung p tro n khong
t ?.?k:;
- ACB thng dng v n p ha p, dng cho cc feeder
cp nguon hoac cc t c dng n, thng th )+n h@n
A%%& c the chon ACB, cn nho hon th chon MCCB, ACB c
the cat oc n dng 6300A;
- MCCB dng v mang ha p, hn nay MCCB at n dng
cat m ,A%%&B
- MCB oa ny dng cho phu t nho, c' th( cCt Dn 1En!
1%%&.
* Bo sung v MCCB: MCCB c ha oa x type v var type, v
m oa ny cng c ha oa : TM (therma & magnetc
contact) v MO (magnetc contact ony). Loa TM dng cho t
non_motor oad, v oa MO dng cho t motor oad.
* Mt CB bt k (MCB, MCCB, ACB,...) th c cc thng so co
bn sau y:
- Dng }nh mc I
n
: 2, 3, 6, 10, 16, 20, 25, ... V cc dng
}nh mc n ca cc CB n nh MCCB hay ACB, dng ny s
km v cc my bn p n uc c cng sut tong ng.
V du: tram 200kVA - 315A, tram 250kVA - 00A, tram 315kVA
- 500A, ...
- Thng so so bn th ha characteri0tic cuver hay cn
go ng cong chon oc ca CB. y chnh thng so
quan trong nht cho vc chon CB nm o v} tr no cho h
thong n. Ban nn xem k a cc t u n v ng cong
chon oc ny.
- Thng so th ba I
cu
hay cn go utmated current
khF nGn! ch>u Dn! 1En! DiHn )+n nhIt ca tp em
CB trong th gan 1 gy.
V du Icu = 10kA th tp em CB s ch}u ung oc dng
n 10kA trong th gan 1 gy Thng so ny cho bt
bn tp em ca CB. Ngo thng so ny thng so I
c0
cng
c tnh cht tong tu.
- Thng so th t thng so n ng ngat. CB thng thng
cng quy }nh so n ny. Cc MCB c quy }nh t 7500
n 10000 n, MCCB th hon 10000 n. ACB th khong 8000
n ty theo hng.
V du ban ngat CB ro bt CB n a th go 1 n ng ngat.
Ngo ra cn rt nhu thng so khc na p dung cho CB.
Tuy nhn trong cc tht k ng ta thng dng thng so
I
n
v I
cu
. Theo t ha thng so ny khng quy }nh v
chng oa CB. Thng so th ha chnh thng so quan trong
nht ca CB. y chnh ch so ID chnh thc ca cc CB.
AT: ampe trp, A: ampe frame MCCB (Moded Case Crcut
Breakers).
II. La chn D@n !iFn CB
- U
mCB
> U
mL
(un oc sn xut v n p n hon n
p nh my);
- I
mCB
>= I
tnh ton
(ua chon gong nh tnh kch thc dy
n, tc chon I
mCB
>= 1, I
tt
);
- I
cmCB
>= I
ngan mach
(Tnh t em ngan mach tro v nguon).
Cng thc nh: I
ngan mach
= U
tbv3
xZ
n
. Dng ngan mach t
em ngan mach n nguon n.
Ban muon tnh ngan mach th ban ph c thng so:
Ngan mach ng dy: Loa dy, kch c dy, chu d e tra
ra thng so dy Z = r + x. V ch r ngan mach t em no
trn ng dy.
Nu ngan mach trong ng co th ph c tong tro ng co
Z
ng co
= r + x.