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  • மாவலி: சி.வி. நூற்றாண்டு சிறப்பிதழாக

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    SarawananNadarasa
    373 views65 pages
    மாவலி பல வருடங்களுக்குப் பின்னர் மீள வெளிக்கொணரத் தொடங்கியதில் மூன்றாவது இதழ் இது. இந்த இதழ் சி.வி.வேலுப்பிள்ளையின் நூற்றாண்டு சிறப்பிதழாக கொணர்ந்துள்ளனர். பல எழுத்தாளர்களின் சிறப்பு கட்டுரைகள் நிறைந்தது இந்த இதழ்.

    Original Title

    மாவலி : சி.வி. நூற்றாண்டு சிறப்பிதழாக

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    மாவலி பல வருடங்களுக்குப் பின்னர் மீள வெளிக்கொணரத் தொடங்கியதில் மூன்றாவது இதழ் இது. இந்த இதழ் சி.வி.வேலுப்பிள்ளையின் நூற்றாண்டு சிறப்பிதழாக கொணர்ந்துள்ளனர். பல எழுத்தாளர்களின் சிறப்பு கட்டுரைகள் நிறைந்தது இந்த இதழ்.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    373 views65 pages

    மாவலி: சி.வி. நூற்றாண்டு சிறப்பிதழாக

    Uploaded by

    SarawananNadarasa
    மாவலி பல வருடங்களுக்குப் பின்னர் மீள வெளிக்கொணரத் தொடங்கியதில் மூன்றாவது இதழ் இது. இந்த இதழ் சி.வி.வேலுப்பிள்ளையின் நூற்றாண்டு சிறப்பிதழாக கொணர்ந்துள்ளனர். பல எழுத்தாளர்களின் சிறப்பு கட்டுரைகள் நிறைந்தது இந்த இதழ்.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 65

    Mf - nrg; 2014

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    187 B> jpk;Gy tPjp> `l;ld;

    MAWALI,
    The National Union of Workers,
    187B, Dimbulla Road, Hatton
    Tel: 051 222 2278, 051 492 4900
    Email: mawali@gmail.com

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    C.V. VELUPILLAI
    Late Mr. C.V. Velupillai was born in 1914 at
    Medacombara estate, Watagoda in
    Nuwaraeliya District. He received his early
    education in the Methodist school, now
    better known as Highlands College in
    Hatton and later in Nalanda College in
    Colombo.
    He started in career as a teacher but later
    turned as trade unionist. He was an
    activist in the Ceylon Indian Congress
    which later became as Ceylon Workers
    Congress (CWC). He was one of the
    members of Parliament who were elected in
    1947 to represent the Indian Tamil
    community living predominantly in Plantation
    Districts. After leaving CWC he formed Democratic
    Workers Congress (DWC) along with late Mr. A. Aziz
    M.P. Later he left DWC in 1965 to join hand with Mr. V.K.
    Vellayan, then General Secretary of CWC to form the National Union
    of Workers and became it's advisor and continued in that capacity until
    his death in 1984.
    Velupillai is better known in the field of literature both in English and
    Tamil. Being an admirer of celebrated Indian poet Rabindaranath Tagore
    and inspired by his poems, Velupillai while he was a teacher started
    composing poems in English. Later he became a prolific writer and a
    columnist, continued his literary contributions while being active in the
    trade union movement.
    His contributions have made an indelible print in the Modern English
    and Tamil literature. His publications, five in English and eight in Tamil
    testify his valuable contribution to the modern Sri Lankan literature.
    Around four novels, three in English and one in Tamil and two
    collections of poems are yet to be published. His works confined not only
    to novels and poems but also in research articles, essays columns,
    sketches and anecdotes.
    He is well remembered as a pioneer contributor in the upcountry Tamil
    literature. He brought the feelings, sufferings, struggles and various
    aspects of the life of Tamil plantation community to the limelight
    through his creations. His works in English brought a lot of friends to
    him from non Tamil speaking communities. Readers in Sri Lanka as well
    as all over the World came to know the plight of the plantation Tamil
    mostly through his works. His talents and personality were well
    recognised through several awards conferred on him. He was a pioneer
    who inspired many younger people to get involved in the field of
    literature from the Upcountry Tamil Community.
    M. VAMADEVAN
    Patron- Upcountry Writers' Association

    Mf - nrg; 2014

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    Mf - nrg; 2014

    VOTE OF CONDOLENCE:

    MR C. V. VELUPILLAI
    Mr. Deputy Speaker, on behalf
    of the Communist Party as well as
    on my personal behalf, I would
    like to associate with the vote of
    Condolence proposed by the
    Hon. Minister of Parliamentary
    Affairs on the death of
    Mr.C.V.Velupillai.
    Mr. C.V. Velupillai's long history
    in the plantation trade union
    movement has been set out by
    the previous speakers and I do
    not wish to go into that again. But
    I think he was one of the most
    talented of the trade union
    leaders that emerged in the
    1930s and 1940s in the
    plantations. There is no doubt
    about it. I do not know whether
    his earlier education was set out
    in the speech of the Hon. Minister.
    He was a man who really
    educated himself and continued
    his education of himself right to
    the end, to read widely. He was
    excellent writer in English. He had
    a very felicitous style of writing in
    English and the books and poetry
    that he wrote bear testimony to
    his English writing. I am told that
    he was also a proflic writer in
    Tamil.
    His abiding concerns were the
    poor deprived plantation workers
    of this country. whatever unions
    Mr. Speaker, I wish to associate
    myself with the sentiments
    expressed by the previous
    speakers.
    Mr.C.V.Veluppillai, who died at
    the age of 71, was born in
    meddecombra estate, in the very
    heart of the plantation area. He
    started in the estate school and
    continued his studies in Hatton
    and Nuwara Eliya. Finally, he
    finished his education at Nalanda
    College, Colombo. In those days a
    very few, if at all, were able to get
    education in the estate areas. In
    those circumstances, the

    he joined and whatever


    unions he left and whatever
    cause he espoused, he
    always had at heart the
    cause of the plantation
    workers. I think he was a
    person who was very much
    loved in the trade union
    movement, beloved by the
    plantation workers, and it
    is testimony to that fact
    that he was able to
    organize by himself a
    union which is known as
    the National Union of
    Workers of which he was
    president or Secretary I
    think at the time of his
    death, and in spite of the
    that today there are a
    large number of unions
    working in the
    plantation areas, and in
    spite of the fact that the
    National Union of Workers did
    not enjoy the patronage of either
    the JEDB or the SLSPC, he was
    able in certain plantation areas to
    have fairly significant
    membership.
    I myself was in regular
    personal contact with
    Mr.Velupillai right to his death,
    and I was very sorry that his
    funeral took place on the day the
    educational achievement of
    Mr.Velupillai was no mean thing.
    Normally it is the practice on the
    estate for children, wth whatever
    education they receive, to help
    their Parents. Mr. Veluppillai took
    a deferent and unconventional
    path. He become a teacher and
    started a school of his own. He
    also formed a literary association
    to help the youth. He was trying
    to serve the people.
    When the Ceylon Indian
    Congress was formed in 1939 he
    joined the Congress and played a

    last curfew was imposed, on


    the 22nd, and as a result the
    funeral could not be held
    properly. Otherwise, his funeral
    would have been, I think
    attended by a large number of
    Plantation workers and all
    peoples who were involved in the
    trade union movement.

    Mr. Sarath Muttetuwefama Kalawana


    very positive role in organizing
    the workers of the Talawakelle
    and Hatton region. He
    represented about 50000 workers
    and was appointed the regional
    representative of the Congress.
    He was able to do a good job. It
    was not so easy to organize trade
    unions on estates during the time
    of the British Raj, but
    Mr.Veluppillai did a very good job.
    It is the good work done by
    people like him that is
    responsible for the Congress,
    even after 45 years, to be what it
    is today. Mr.Velupillai joined the

    Mf - nrg; 2014
    Congress as a trade employee
    and the congress which
    recognized his good work gave
    him nomination in the 1947
    Elections.
    Two people were given
    nominations and he was one of
    them. Mr.Veluppillai was elected
    and he represented the
    Talawakelle Electorate as a
    Member of Parliament from 1747
    to 1952.
    Mr.Velupillai left the Congress
    for a while and was most
    welcome when he rejoined. He

    stayed with us, was placed in


    charge of the Congress news
    and later, during his stages he
    was working with the National
    Union of Workers, which is
    another trade union on the
    plantations. Although he was
    away from us he never lost the
    regard or respect he had for the
    leadership of the Ceylon Workers
    Congress. Recently, when his
    daughter was getting married, he
    came to my office, invited me for
    the wedding and wished that I
    should be one of the attesting
    witness. He had such human

    Hatton, and at Holy Trinity


    College, Nuwara eliya.
    Thereafter he jointed Nalanda
    College, Colombo, from
    where he matriculated. He
    was college, Colombo, from
    where he matriculated. He
    was appointed to the
    Tutorial staff of Gamini
    Vidyalaya, Nuwaraeliya, in
    1937 where he served for a
    brief period.

    Mr. Speaker, Mr.C.V.Velupillai,


    Who represented the Talawakelle
    Seat in the first Parliament of
    Independent Sri Lanka died on
    19th November at this residence
    in Talangama South.

    Mr.Cannappan Velusingam
    Velippillai hailed from Watagoda,
    Talawakelle. Born on the 14th of
    September, 1974, He received his
    education at Meddecumbura
    Estate School, Watagoda, at
    Methodist Mission Boy's School,

    He contested the
    Talawakelle Constituency
    of the House of
    Representatives at the
    General Election of 1947
    as the candidate of the
    Ceylon Indian Congress
    and won seat by a
    majority of nearly 10000
    Votes. Mr. Veluppillai,
    who has been associated
    with the Ceylon Indian
    Congress, the
    Democratic Workers
    Congress, the Ceylon
    Trade Union Federation,
    the Ceylon Workers Congress and
    the National Union of Workers,
    Played an active role in the Trade
    Unions of the Plantations for fully
    45 years, He was elected as
    General Secretary and later as
    Joint Secretary of the Ceylon
    Indian Congress and served in
    these capacities for nine years. He
    also served for some times as Vice
    President of the Democratic
    Workers Congress. In 1959 he
    resigned from D.W.C. and became
    an active member of the C.W.C in

    values which se shall always


    appreciate; He has been a great
    friend to all of us.
    His important contribution to
    the trade union movement and
    the struggle of the oppressed
    workers to improve their
    conditions will always be
    remembered.
    Mr. Deputy Speaker, I wish that
    these proceedings be sent to the
    members of the bereaved family.
    Thank you.

    Mr. S.Thondaman
    Minister of
    Rural Industrial Development
    1965 he left the C.W.C and
    founded the National Union of
    Workers in which he held the
    posts of General Secretary and
    deputy president. He was the
    administrative Trustee of the
    National Union of Workers at the
    time of his death. Mr.Veluppillai,
    who was always in the forefront
    of the Trade Union Movement of
    the plantations, Played a leading
    role in the Knavesmire Strike of
    1946. His Contribution towards
    the welfare of the plantation
    workers has been significant.
    in his career as a writer for over
    50 years he portrayed the life,
    trials and tribulations of his
    people, reflecting the affection he
    had for the plantation folk. He
    wrote in both English and Tamil.
    In his long poem in English In
    Ceylon's Tea Garden published in
    1956 he sang
    From time to time
    from the highway
    I shall strike
    upon my harp
    And sing my long.
    I sing of Lanka's men
    born of
    the paddy fields,
    the patnas,
    the tea
    and rubber land,
    Yes, the men I love.
    among his other English
    publications were Born to
    Labour, The Borderland ,
    Wayfarer and Vismadjenee , He

    Mf - nrg; 2014
    wrote four novels in Tamil,
    Parwathi , Ellaipuram ,
    Veedattavan and ini
    Padamatten. He was also the
    author of several short stories
    and contributed many articles
    to the newspapares on the
    plantation workers.
    He represented the Sri Lankan
    workers at the International
    Labour Organization

    Mr.Deputy Speaker, I think it is


    my duty as the first member of
    Nuwara Eliya Maskeliya to
    associate myself both on behalf
    of our party and the Lanka
    Jathika Estate Workers Union of
    which I am president and which is
    an affiliate of the united National
    Party with the Motion moved by
    the Hon.Minister of Parliamentary
    Affairs.
    Mr.C.V.Velipillai, as the Hon.
    Minister of Rural Industrial
    Development mentioned, has
    been one of those people who
    associated himself very actively
    during the British Raj with efforts
    to organize the most deprived
    section of our community,
    namely, the plantation workers, to
    organiz them into a trade union
    and thereafter to give them the
    leadership, so that their labour
    will be adequately rewarded and

    Conference held in Nuwara Eliya


    and in Bandung, Indonesia.
    Mr.Veluppillai's Contribution to
    the achievements of the Trade
    Unions with which he was
    associated for 45 years, and this
    services as a Parliamentarian,
    Social Worker and writer are
    deeply inscribed in the mids of
    the People.

    their humanity recognized. I


    think due to the oeeorts of those
    like Mr.Velupillai and my Hon.
    Colleague, the Hon. Thondaman
    and many others who were hon.
    members of this House, the
    plantation workers have come to
    be a group of people who cannot
    be stream rolled over any more.
    In fact, they have come to be
    recognized as one of the most
    creative, productive segments in
    our body politics and in our
    society today.
    Sir, I first met Mr.Velupillai in
    1972 when I had to face by
    election in Nuwara Eliya and he
    came to contest as an
    independent candidate. Party
    politics by then, even the
    amongst the plantation workers,
    had been stabilized to such an
    extent that Mr.Velupillai did not
    fair too well in that by election.

    Mr. Speaker, I propose that


    the Condolence of this House
    be conveyed to the members
    of the bereaved family.

    Mr. M.Vincent Perera


    Minister of Parliamentary affairs &
    Sports and chief government Whip

    Thereafter, I think he
    continued to be associated with
    the different aspects of
    plantation life. I used to meet him
    very often in the ministry of
    labour, I used to meet very often
    at the meetings in which wages
    and the welfare of the plantation
    workers were discussed, and he
    never gave up, as my Hon.
    Colleague said, until his last
    moment his abiding interest in
    the welfare of the plantation
    workers. I think he was a great
    trade unionist; I think he was a
    great socialist. And I, on behalf of
    my Constituency, the United
    National Party, and our Union,
    would like to associate myself
    with the sentiments expressed in
    this house today.

    Mr. Gamini Dissanayake


    Minister of Lands & Land Developmets
    and Minister of Mahaweli Development

    Mf - nrg; 2014

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    Mf - nrg; 2014
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    Nerpj;j kdpjhgpkhdpahf
    khDlk; ghba
    thdk;ghbahfj; jpfo;e;jtu;.
    kf;fs; ftpkzpahd
    rp.tp.NtYg;gps;is jd;
    tho;ehs; KOtJk; kuzk;
    mtiu mutizj;Jf;
    nfhs;Sk; tiu xU KONeuj;
    njhopw;rq;fthjpahfg;
    gzpahw;wpf; nfhz;L
    ryryg;gpy;yhky; jd;
    ,yf;fpag; gzpia xU
    Qhdj;jtk; Nghy ,aw;wp
    te;jtu;. ,sikf;fhyk; Kjy;
    mkuuhFk; tiu mtuJ
    tho;Tk; vOj;Jk;
    ,uz;luf;fye;Nj te;Js;sJ.

    1930 fSf;Fg; gpd; kiyafj;jpy;


    xU khw;wk; Vw;glj; njhlq;
    fpaJ. 1940 fSf;Fg; gpd; me;j
    khw;wj;jpy; xU Ntfk; Vw;glj;
    njhlq;fpaJ. ,jw;F
    Kd;Ndhbahfj; jpfo;e;jtu;.
    rp.tp.
    jkpofj;jpy; 'kzpf;nfhb'
    rfhg;jk; cjkhapw;W. mJ
    kiyafj;ijAk; vl;bg;
    ghu;f;fj; jtwtpy;iy. <oj;J
    ,yf;fpa cyfpy; ,e;j
    kzpf;nfhb xU kWkyu;r;rpf;
    FOit cUthf;fpaijg; Nghy>
    kiyafj;jpy; xU Nfh\;b
    cUthfhtpl;lhYk; rp.tp.
    Nghd;wtu;fs; jdpegu;fshfr;
    nraw;gl;Ls;sij tuyhW
    Rl;bfhl;Lfpd;wJ.
    kiyaf ,yf;fpa tsu;r;rpf;F
    rp.tp.f;F Kd;du; xU rpyu; ce;J

    gofpatd; vd;w tifapy;


    mtUila ,yf;fpag; gq;f
    spg;ig ,d;iwa ,isa
    jiyKiwapdUf;Ff; Nfhb
    l;Lf; fhl;l Ntz;baJ vdJ
    flikahFk;.
    kiyaf kf;fspilNa Xu;
    vOr;rpf;F tpj;jpl;l ngUik
    ,yq;ifapd; jkpo; jpdrup
    xd;wpd; Mrpupauhd
    Nfh.eNlra;aiuj;jhd; rhUk;.
    njd;dpe;jpa gpuhkzhuhd
    Nfh.eNlra;au; gj;jpupif
    xd;wpy; gzpahw;wp mg;gj;
    jpupiff;F re;jh jpul;l 1919
    Mk;Mz;L ,yq;if te;jhu;.
    kPz;Lk; 1920 Mk; Mz;L
    brk;gu; khjk; ,yq;if te;J
    'NjrNerd;" vd;w jkpo;
    jpdrupapd; Mrpupauhdhu;. 1925
    Mk; Mz;L Kjy; kiyafj;
    Njhl;lj; njhopyhsu;fspd;
    eydpYk; eltbf;ifapYk;
    mf;fiw fhl;bdhu;.

    ,tu; kiyafg; gFjpfSf;Fr;


    nrd;W Njhl;lk; Njhl;lkhfr;
    rQ;rupj;J kfhftp ghujpahupd;
    Njrpa czu;itj; J}z;Lk;
    ghly;fis jd; kidtpahupd;

    me;jdp [Pth
    ,dpa Fuy; %yk; ghlitj;J>
    mtu;fspilNa xw;WikAzu;
    T+l;Lk; gpurhuq;fisr; nra;jhu;.
    mj;Jld; ghujpahupd; ghly;
    fis Jz;Lg; gpuRuq;fshf
    mr;rpl;Lg; gug;gpdhu;.
    1940fSf;Fg; gpd; kiy ehl;by;
    fy;tp vy;NyhUf;Fk; cupj;jh
    apw;W. fy;tpapd; fhuzkhf
    kiyafj;jpy; khw;wKk;
    kWkyu;r;rpAk; Vw;gl;lJ.
    kfhftp ghujp> jh$u;> rNuh[pdp
    Njtp MfpNahupd; ftpjh

    klf;Fku Njhl;lj;jpy; 1914


    Mk; Mz;L nrg;lk;gu; 14 Mk;
    jpfjp gpwe;jhu;. Muk;gj;jpy;
    mtu; Njhl;lg; ghlrhiyapy;
    fy;tp fw;W gpd;du; mtu;
    ml;ldpYk; EtnuypahtpYk;
    nfhOk;G ehyhe;jf; fy;Y}up
    apYk; fy;tp fw;whu;.
    ml;ld; kp\dup ghlrhiyapy;
    fy;tp fw;Fk; nghOJ mjpguhf
    ,Ue;j ];Bgd; N[hrg; xU
    vOj;jhsu;> ,aw;ifapNyNa
    rp.tp.f;F ,Ue;j vOj;jhw;wiyf;
    fz;L Cf;Ftpj;jtu; mtu; rp.tp.
    ehyhe;jhf; fy;Y}upapy; fy;tp
    fw;Fk; nghOJ ghuj ftpauru;
    jh$u; ,yq;iff;F tUif
    je;jhu;. mg;nghOJ jdJ Kjy;
    ftpij ehlfkhd 'tp];
    kh[pdp" ia mr;rpl;L mtuplk;
    nfhLj;J Mrp ngw;whu;.
    fy;Y}upg; gbg;ig Kbj;J
    ntspNawpa ,isQuhd
    rp.tp.apd; epidtpy; kiyaf
    kf;fisg; gw;wpa rpe;jid
    vOe;jJ. ,e;j r%fk; ,g;gb
    xJf;fg;gLtjw;F vd;d
    fhuzk; vd rpe;jpj;jhu;. ,e;jr;
    r%fj;jpy; xU khw;wKk;
    kWkyu;r;rpAk; Vw;gl
    Ntz;Lkhdhy; fy;tpjhd;
    mjw;Fj; jFe;j MAjk; vdf;
    fz;lhu;. 1935 Mk; Mz;by;
    ftpauru; jh$upd; ngaupy;

    Mf - nrg; 2014
    G+z;LNyhahtpy; fy;tp $lk;
    xd;iw mikj;jhu;. gpd;du;
    jdJ gpwe;j Cuhd
    tl;lnfhilapy; kfhftp
    ghujpapd; ngaupy; ghujp
    ,isQu; rq;fk; xd;iw
    mikj;jhu;. rpy fhyj;jpw;Fg;
    gpd;du; nghUshjhu neUf;fb
    fhuzkhf EtnuypahtpYs;s
    fhkpdp tpj;jpahyaj;jpy; Xu;
    Mq;fpy Mrpupauhfg;
    gzpahw;wpdhu;.
    Mrpupauhfg; gzpahw;wpa
    fhyj;jpy; ,sikapd;
    Nfhyj;jhy; fhjy; ftpijfis
    epiwa vOjpdhu;. mjidj; jd;
    neQ;Rf;F neUf;fkhd
    ez;guhd ];Nlrd; kh];luplk;
    fhl;banghOJ> me;j
    vOj;Jf;fisg; gbj;Jtpl;L
    nrhd;d fUj;Jf;fs; fhuzkhf
    'jdJ vOj;Jf;fs; jhd;
    tho;fpd;w r%fj;jpw;Fg;
    gad;gl Ntz;Lk;' vd;W
    fhjy; ftpijfis fpopj;J
    vwpe;Jtpl;L jdJ kf;fs; gLk;
    Jd;g Jauq;fis vOj Mu;tk;
    nfhz;lhu;.
    rp.tp jdJ r%fk; xLf;fg;gLk;
    epiy fz;L> mtu;fspd;
    gpur;rpidfspy; xU
    ghu;itahsdhf ,Uf;fhky;
    mjpy; gq;fhspahf ,Uf;f
    Ntz;Lk; vd;w vz;zj;jpy;
    1947 y; kiyaf kf;fspd;
    jythf;nfhy;iy gpujpepjpahfj;
    njupT nra;ag;gl;lhu;. mj;Jld;
    ,yq;if ,e;jpa fhq;fpu]pd;
    nrayhsuhfTk;
    gzpahw;wpdhu;. ,JNt gpd;du;
    ,yq;if njhopyhsu;
    fhq;fpu]hf khw;wg;gl;lJ.
    1955Mk; Mz;L ,yq;if
    njhopyhsu; fhq;fpui] tpl;L
    ntspNawp 1965 y;
    tp.Nf.nts;isaDld;
    ,ize;J njhopyhsu; Njrpa
    rq;fj;ij ];jhgpj;jhu;. ,jd;
    epu;thfr; nrayhsuhf 1984 Mk;
    Mz;L etk;gu; 16 Mk; jpfjp
    jdJ ,Wjp %r;R tpLk;tiu
    gzpahw;wpdhu;.

    10

    'GOjpg; gLf;ifapy;
    Gije;j vd; kf;fis
    Nghw;Wk; ,uq;fw;
    Gfo; nkhop ,y;iy
    gOjpyh mtu;f;Nfhu;
    fy;yiw ,y;iy
    gupe;jtu; epidT ehs;
    gfUthupy;iy'

    ,t;thW jhd; tho;e;j


    rKjhakhd kiyaf
    kf;fisg; gw;wpa Nrhfg;
    ngU%r;Rf;RfisAk; tho;tpd;
    mtyq;fisAk; vLj;Jf;$Wk; '
    ,yq;ifapd; Njapiyj;
    Njhl;lj;jpNy" vd;w ftpijg;
    gilg;Gjhd;. ,jid
    Mq;fpyj;jpy; vOjpajhy; jdJ
    kf;fisg; gw;wpa Jauq;fis
    cyfwpar; nra;jhu;. kw;Wk; ,e;j
    kf;fisg; gw;wp 'ciof;fg;
    gpwe;jtu;fs;" vd;w eilr;
    rpj;jpuq;fis Mq;fpyj;jpy;
    vOjpdhu;. ,J khj;jpuky;y
    jpdfud;> tPuNfrup Mfpa Njrpa
    gj;jpupifapy; 'tho;tw;w
    tho;T"> 'vy;iyg;Gwk;">
    'ghu;tjp"> tPlw;wtd;
    ',dpglkhl;Nld;"Mfpa
    ehty;fisj; njhluhf
    vOjpdhu;. filrp %d;W
    ehty;fSk; ,tuhy; jkpopy;
    vOjg;gl;lit.
    rp.tp. ,Wjpahf vOjpa ehty;
    ',dpg; glkhl;Nld;".
    ,e;ehtypd; Kd;Diuapy;
    jkpofj;J ,yf;fpa tpku;rfuhd
    jpU.rpjk;gu uFehjd; 'mtuJ
    fijfspy; ehk; cz;ikahd
    tho;f;ifia fhzKbfpwJ.
    eWf;Fj; njwpe;jhw; Nghd;W
    RUf;fkhd thf;fpaq;fspy;
    rw;NwDk; czu;r;rp ngUf;F
    cs;shfhky; cs;sij
    cs;sthW $Wk; cj;jp mtuJ
    fijfspy; myhjpahd
    rpwg;ghFk;." vd;fpd;whu;.

    Kjw; nfhz;L flTs; topghL


    tiu gy;NtW tifg; ghly;fs;
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    'ghiytdj;jpd; kiyg;
    gpuhe;jpaj;jpd; fdpr;
    Ruq;fq;fspypUe;J> vdJ Njr
    kf;fs; gLk; Jd;gq;fis Vw;W>
    Ruq;fr; nry;tq;fisr; Nrfupj;J
    tUfpwhu;fs;. vq;fSila
    Njrj;jpd; kf;fisg; Nghy
    cyfpd; ve;jg; gFjp kf;fSk;
    nfhLikf;F cs;shf;fg;
    gl;ljhff; Nfs;tpgl;ljpy;iy."
    vd mtu;fSf;fhf Gul;rp fPjk;
    ,irj;jhd; rpyp ehl;Lf;
    ftpQd; ghg;Nyh neUlh.
    ,ijg; NghyNt Njhl;lj;
    njhopyhsu;fSf;Nf ghbdhu;
    rp.tp.
    kf;fs; ftpkzp rp.tp. Ngdhit
    MAjkhff; nfhz;L kiyaf
    kf;fspd; Jd;gq;fis jk;
    tho;NthL ,idj;Jf; nfhz;L
    vOjpdhu;. mjdhy; jhd; mtu;
    kiyaf kf;fs; ftpkzpahf
    tpsq;Ffpwhu;.

    kiyaf ehl;lhu; ghly;fspy;


    rp.tpf;F ngU tpUg;G> ehl;lhu;
    ghly;fis tuyhw;W uPjpahf
    Muha Ntz;Lk;. mg;gb
    Muha;e;jhy; tuyhw;W uPjpahf
    Muha Ntz;Lk;. mg;gb
    Muha;e;jhy; tuyhw;Wj;
    jfty;fisj; njupe;J
    nfhs;syhk;. kiyaf
    ehl;Lg;ghly;fisj; jpul;b
    'kiyehl;L kf;fs; ghly;fs;"
    vd;w jiyg;gpy; E}yhfj;
    je;Js;sdu;.
    ,e;j ehl;Lg; ghly;fis
    njhFjpapy; kiyafj;jpw;F
    ciog;gjw;fhf Ml; $l;b te;j
    tuyhw;iw> fz;b rPikf;F Ml;
    $l;b te;jnghOJ gpwe;j
    ghly;fs; $WfpwJ. xg;ghupg;
    ghly;fs;> tho;f;ifapd;
    gy;NtW fl;lq;fis
    gpujpgypf;Fk; fhjy; ghly;

    ed;wpAld;

    kiyaf khzpf;fq;fs;
    E}ypypUe;J

    Mf - nrg; 2014

    cupikg; Nghuhl;lq;fis Kd;ndLj;J

    kiyafj;Jf;F ngUik Nru;j;jtu;

    njhopw;rq;fthjp ngUkhs;
    njhopyhsu; Njrpa rq;fj;jpd;
    ];jhgf cWg;gpdu;fspy; xUtu;
    mkuu; gp.ngUkhs; gy;NtW
    njhopw;rq;f Nghuhl;lq;fis
    Kd;ndLj;J> kiyafj;Jf;F
    ngUik Nru;j;jtu;.
    njhopw;rq;fthjp ngUkhs;
    jdJ ,Wjp %r;Rtiu
    njhopyhsu; Njrpa rq;fj;ij
    Nrhuk; Nghfhky; fl;b
    fhj;jtu;.

    jdJ Muk;gf; fy;tpia


    ngUkhs; mNj Njhl;l
    ghlrhiyapy; Muk;gpj;jhu;.
    jdJ 6 tajpy; jhahiu
    ,oe;jhu;. je;ijAld; tho;e;jhu;.
    njhlu;e;J gbg;gjw;fhf
    15.02.1937k; Mz;L ml;ld;
    i`y;l;]; fy;Y}upapy; Nru;e;J
    Mq;fpyg; gpuptpy; fy;tp fw;whu;.
    tpisahl;L> fy;tp> Ngr;R>
    Mq;fpy Gyik vd;gtw;wpy;
    rpWtaJ KjNy rpwg;ghd
    milT kl;lj;ij ngw;whu;.
    gs;sp ez;gd; mkuu;
    P.A.nrg];bad; gpd;du; FLk;g
    cwtpduhf ,ize;jhu;.
    1942k; Mz;L eilngw;w (Senior
    School Certificate - English)
    rpNyhd; fy;tpj; jpizf;fsk;
    elj;jpa nghJg; guPl;irapy; 7
    ghlj;jpYk; mjptpNrl jpwik
    rpj;jpia ngw;W kj;jpa
    khfhzj;jpNyNa fy;tpapy;
    Kjyhk; ,lj;ijg; ngw;Wf;
    nfhz;lhu;.

    ngupaz;zd; nguparhkp
    nrtdk;kh jk;gjpfs; jpUkzk;
    Kbj;J> rpy fhyq;fspy;
    nrtdk;kh fw;gtjpahfp> Kjy;
    gpurtj;jpw;fhf jk;gjpfs;
    ,e;jpahtpd; jq;fsJ nrhe;j
    Cuhd rj;jhk;G+u; fpuhkj;jpw;F
    nrd;wdu;.
    02.08.1924 k; jpfjp Mbg;
    gjpndl;L md;W nrtdk;kh
    ngw;nwLj;j kfd; ngUkhs;
    (ngUkhs; jk;gjpfSf;F xNu
    gps;is)
    gpurtk; Kbe;J 30 ehl;fspy;
    rpNyhd; jpUk;gpdu;. jdJ
    kfSld; rpj;jputj;ij
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    Division - Hatton) rpy fhyq;fs;
    tho;e;jdu;.
    gpd;G> bf;Nfhah n`l;yp
    Njhl;ljpw;F nrd;W
    ngupaz;zd; nguparhkp
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    ,e;jg; ngUikia ghuhl;b


    i`yd;l;]; fy;Y}up mjpgu; J.
    C. Mendis jq;fg; gjf;fk; toq;fp
    nfsutpj;jhu;. ghlrhiyf;F
    ngUik Nru;j;jikf;fhf mNj
    ghlrhiyapy; 1946 Mz;L
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    flikahw;wpdhu;)
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    ngz; Njbdu;> jpz;btsj;jpy;
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    jpNurhit Ngrp Kbj;jdu;.
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    ngUkhSf;Fk; Mrpupia Nkup
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    jpfjp ghz;br; Nrupapy; cs;s
    nrd; Nkup]; Njthyaj;jpy;
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    vy;yh NtiyfisAk; Kbj;Jf;


    nfhz;L> jd; kidtpiaAk;
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    njhopYf;F nrd;whu;. mq;F
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    ,Ue;jhu;. gpd;G nfhOk;gpy;
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    kPz;Lk; xU gjtp cau;T
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    mjid njhle;J khtl;l
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    njhopy; uPjpahd cwTk; gykhf
    fhzg;gl;lJ.

    11

    Mf - nrg; 2014
    ,.njh.fhtpNy tu;zhr;rpuk
    (rhjp) fisnaLg;G jiy
    tpupj;jhbaJ. jiyikj;Jt
    Nghl;b jdpkdpjdpd; cupikg;
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    tp.Nf.nts;isad;>
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    fy;tpkhd;fs; tu;zhr;rpuk
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    gl;ldu;.
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    neUf;fkhdtu;fs; ,dk;
    fhzg;gl;L ,.njh.fh
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    fl;lg;gl;lhu;fs;.
    ngUkhspd; je;ijAlDk;>
    kidtpAlDk;

    tp.Nf.nts;isad; fijj;jhu;>
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    njhlu;e;J gp.ngUkhs;
    ,.njh.fh tpy; ,Ue;J
    tpyfpdhu;. nts;isaDld;
    ,ize;J nfhz;lhu;. Gjpa
    njhopw;rq;fk; mikf;Fk;
    Kaw;rpapy; vy;NyhUk;
    ,ize;J nraw;gl;ldu;.
    gy;NtW fuLKulhd
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    nrd;W Njhl;lk; Njhl;lkhf
    fhy;eil gazkhf> nrd;W
    Ml;fis tpopg;gila nra;J
    mkuu; tp.Nf.. nts;isad;
    mtu;fs; njhopyhsu; Njrpa
    rq;fj;ij 01.05.1965 k; Mz;L
    Muk;gpj;jhu;.

    mtNuhL ,ize;J Njhs;


    nfhLj;jtu; mkuu; gp.ngUkhs;.
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    itj;jdu;. md;W mtu;fs;
    fz;l fdT ,d;W Gjpa jpUg;G
    Kizahf kpspu;fpwJ.

    1978k; Mz;L njhopyhsu; Njrpa rq;f khehl;by; njupthd epu;thff; FO cWg;gpdu;fs;>


    epu;thfg; nghWg;ghsuhf ,Ue;j rp. tp NtYg;gps;isapd; jiyikapy; vLj;Jf;nfhz;l Gifg;glk;.

    12

    Mf - nrg; 2014

    rp.tpapd;

    ,u.rptypq;fk;

    lw;wtu;
    eh
    fij

    me;epa mbikj;
    jisfis mWj;J
    G+uz murpay;
    Rje;jpuk; ngw ,e;jpa
    kf;fs; nra;j
    Nghuhl;lKk;>
    jpahfKk; cyf
    tuyhw;wpy; jdp
    ,lk; ngw;Wtpl;lJ.
    vdpDk; ngw;w
    Rje;jpuj;ij
    kf;fsidtUk;
    G+uzkhf
    mDgtpf;Fk;
    Nghuhl;lNkh
    ehw;gJ
    Mz;Lfshfj;
    njhlu;e;J nfhz;bUf;fpwJ.
    ,jpYk; Fwpg;ghf fly; fle;j
    ,e;jpa kf;fspd; epiyjhd;
    ,d;Dk; ,optfw;wg;glhjjhf>
    ,Us; #o;e;jjhf ,Uf;fpwJ.
    cyf muq;fpy; ,e;jpahtpd;
    murpay; nry;thf;F cau;e;j
    msTf;F> cyf ehLfspy;
    thOfpd;w ,e;jpau;fspd; epiy
    cautpy;iy. 'fhkd;nty;j;'
    vd;w mikg;gpw;Fs;$l
    ntspehLfspy; thOk;
    ,e;jpau;fspd; epiy
    cauNtapy;iy. fly; fle;j
    ,e;jpau;fSf;F murpay;
    rkj;Jtk; toq;Ftjpy; gy
    ehLfs; jaq;fpd. rpy ehLfs;
    Kw;whf kWj;jd. rpy ehLfspy;
    mbikahl;rpaYk; Nftykhd
    Xu; epiyf;F mtu;fs;
    js;sg;gl;lhu;fs;.
    ,e;jpahtpd; jd;khdKk;>
    cyf me;j];j;Jk;> fly; fle;j
    ,e;jpau;fspd; murpaNyhL
    ,ize;Js;sJ. ,e;jpa
    Rje;jpug; Nghuhl;lNk> njd;
    Mgpupf;fh ehLfspy;
    ,e;jpau;fSf;F vjpuhf
    ,iof;fg;gl;l mePjpfspdhy;
    Gj;Jzu;r;rp ngw;wJ. Rje;jpu
    Nts;tpapy; thu;j;j nea;ahf
    fly; fle;j ,e;jpau;fSf;F

    E}Yf;fhd
    Kd;Diu

    ,iof;fg;gl;l mePjpfs;
    Mj;jpug; gpok;Gfisg; nghq;fp
    vor;nrajd. vd;W vd;
    ,e;jpah Rje;jpukilfpwNjh>
    md;Nw fly; fle;j
    ,e;jpau;fspd; Rje;jpuKk;
    nfsutKk; ghJfhf;fg;gLk;
    vd;W vz;zpNa kfhj;kh
    fhe;jp mtu;fs; jk;ik Rje;jpug;
    Nghuhl;lj;jpy; KOikahf
    mu;g;gzpj;Jf; nfhz;lhu;fs;.
    mt;thNw Mf];l; 15> 1947 ,y;
    ,e;jpah Rje;jpukile;jnghOJ
    fly; fle;j ,e;jpau;fs;
    kfpo;r;rpf; flypy; Mo;e;jhu;fs;.
    Mdhy; tpiutpy; mtu;fsJ
    kfpo;r;rp kq;fptpl;lJ. fly;
    fle;j ,e;jpau;fspd; epiyik
    G+jhfukhf khwpaJ. njd;
    Mg;gpupf;fh> lhd;rhdpah>
    cfz;lh Nghd;w ehLfspy;
    ,e;jpau;fspd; epiyik
    Kd;dupYk; Nkhrkile;jJ.
    ,yq;if> gu;kh> tpal;ehk;>
    kNyrpah Mfpa ehLfspYk;
    ,e;jpau;fspd; epiyik
    rPu;Nflile;jJ. gpA+[pj; jPtpy;
    ,d;W ,e;jpau;fspd; murpay;
    mtyj;ij Nehf;Fk;nghOJ
    ,e;jpah Rje;jpukile;j
    ehw;gjhz;LfSf;Fg; gpd;dUk;
    ntspehLfspy; FbNawpa
    ,e;jpa kf;fspd; nfsuTKk;>
    murpay; rkj;JtKk;
    Gwf;fzpf;fg;gl;Lk;>
    kWjypf;fg;gl;Lk; ,Ug;gijNa
    fhz;fpNwhk;.
    ,yq;ifj; jPtpy;
    ,e;jpau;fSf;F
    ,iof;fg;gl;Ls;s
    nfhLikfs; vt;tifapNyDk;
    rfpj;Jf; nfhs;s KbahjJ.
    1832 Mk; Mz;L Kjy;
    ngUe;njhifahff; FbNawpa
    ,e;jpau;fs; xg;ge;jf;
    $ypfshff; nfhz;Lr;
    nry;yg;gl;ldu;. mtu;fs; gl;l
    nfhLikfs; nrhy;nyhzhJ.
    me;j Muk;gfhy mtyq;fSf;F

    Mjhuq;fs; $l mjpfkhf
    ,y;iy. tha;nkhopf;
    fijfisAk;> ftpijfisAk;
    nfhz;Nl mtu;fsJ Jd;gf;
    fhtpaj;ij tiuayhk;.
    ,t;thW mk;kf;fsJ Jauk;
    Njha;e;j tho;it vOj;jpy;
    tbj;j Kjy; vOj;jhsu; vd;W
    fUjf;$batu;
    jpU.rp.tp.NtYg;gps;is
    mtu;fs;. jpU.NtYg;gps;is
    mtu;fs; xU Gjpa ,yf;fpa
    ghuk;gupaj;jpd; Kd;Ndhb.
    ,yq;ifapy; FbNawpa ,e;jpa
    kf;fs; fy;tpawptw;w
    njd;dpe;jpa fpuhkthrpfs;.
    mtu;fs; Mq;fpy Ml;rpapy;
    nrd;id khepyk; (Madras
    Presidency) vdg;gl;l gFjpapy;
    ,Ue;Nj te;jhu;fs;. 1915 ,y;
    ,yq;if KOtijAk;
    ifg;gw;wpa Mq;fpNyau;fs;
    tskhd kiyafg; gFjpfspy;
    mlu;e;j fhLfis mopj;J>
    mk;kz;zpy; Vw;Wkjpg;
    gapu;fis ngUe;Njhl;lg;
    gapu;r;nra;if Kiwapy;
    cw;gj;jp nra;J yhgk;ngw
    Mirg;gl;ldu;. me;j Mir
    epiwNtw Ntz;Lkhdhy;
    kz;iz nghd;dhf;Fk;
    ciog;ghsu;fs; Njitg;
    gl;lhu;fs;. ,tu;fs;
    ,yq;ifapy; fpilf;ftpy;iy.
    njd;dfj;jpypUe;J ,tu;fisj;

    jpul;br; nrd;W Fiwe;j $yp


    nfhLj;J> nfhba rl;lq;fshy;
    rpiwg;gLj;jp> nfhs;is yhgk;
    rk;ghjpf;Fk; Ruz;liyj;jhd;
    Vfhjpg;gj;jpa nghUshjhuk;

    13

    Mf - nrg; 2014
    ,yz;ldpy; trpf;Fk;
    gpupj;jhdpag; Nguurpd;
    ngz;Fyk; khiy
    Ntisfspy;> NjePu; mUe;jp
    kfpo vq;fs; jkpo;g;ngz;fs;
    ,yq;ifapd; Njapiyf;
    fhl;by; Vf;fg;
    ngU%r;Rld;
    nfhOe;J gwpj;J
    neQ;rk; FKw
    Ntz;Lk;. me;jj;
    NjePUf;Fr; rf;fiu
    Nru;f;f> gpA+[pj;
    jPtpd; fUk;Gj;
    Njhl;lq;fspy;
    vq;fs; jkpo; khju;
    tpk;kp> tpk;kp mo
    Ntz;Lk;. ,Jjhd;
    Vfhjpgj;jpa
    nghUshjhu
    mikg;G. Rje;jpuk;
    ngw;w gpd;dUk; ,e;j
    Vfhjpgj;jpa
    nghUshjhu
    Kiwia ehk; ,d;Dk;
    Kwpabf;f Kbatpy;iy.
    mjdhy;jhd; fly; fle;j
    ,e;jpaupd; ,opT ePq;ftpy;iy.

    cUthf;fg;gl;lJ. jh$u;
    ,yq;ifapy; Rw;Wg;gpuahzk;
    nra;J mUikahd
    nrhw;nghopTfs; epfo;j;jpdhu;.
    mtu;fshy; Gjpa
    ,yf;fpa
    cj;Ntfj;jpw;Fs;
    vz;zw;w
    ,yq;if
    vOj;jhsu;fSk;
    ftpQu;fSk;
    ,Oj;Jr
    nry;yg;gl;ldu;.
    rpq;fs
    ,yf;fpak;
    Gj;Jzu;r;rp
    ngw;W tq;fr;
    rhaypy;
    tsu;e;jJ. ,e;jpa
    Njrpa fPjk; jh$u;
    je;jJ. ,yq;ifj;
    Njrpa fPjk;
    rhe;jpepNfjdpy; gapd;w
    Mde;j rkuNfhdhy;
    ,aw;wg;gl;lJ. ,irAk;
    fUj;Jk; Vwf;Fiwa xd;Nwahk;.
    jh$upd; ,yf;fpa cj;Ntfk;
    Rje;jpu fdiyNa %l;baJ.

    ,e;j nfhba nghUshjhu


    mikg;gpd; Nfhug;gpbapy;
    rpf;Fz;l khDlj;jpd;
    FKwy;fs; Ntjidg;
    ghly;fshf ntspte;jd.
    njhopw;rq;f khehLfspy;
    ,tu;fs; gLk;ghL
    ghly;fshfTk;> ghl;Lg;
    Gj;jfq;fshfTk; ntspte;jd.
    gpd;du; ,it ftpij tbtk;
    ngw;wd. ,Jjhd; kiyaf
    ,yf;fpaj;jpd; Eiothapy;.

    jh$u; ,yq;if te;jnghOJ


    ekJ NtYg;gps;is mtu;fs;
    kiyehl;bYk; nfhOk;gpYk;
    fy;tp gapd;W Mrpupaj;
    njhopypy; mb vLj;J itj;Jf;
    nfhz;bUe;j rkak;. ,UgJ
    taJ epuk;gpa ,isQd;
    'tp];kh[pdp" vd;w Mq;fpy
    ,ir ehlfj;ij vOjp
    itj;jpUe;jhu; mJTk; jh$upd;
    eilapy;. jh$upd; topapy;
    tpise;j vz;zw;w ,yf;fpa
    Mf;fq;fspy; xd;whFk;. me;j
    vOj;ij jh$uplk; rku;g;gpj;J
    Mrp ngw;whu;. gpd;du; njhlu;e;J
    vOjpdhu;. jh$upd; ,yf;fpa
    guk;giuiar; rhu;e;jtu;fs;jhd;
    vd;whYk; NtYg;gps;is
    Mq;fpyj;jpNyNa kpf ed;whf
    vOjpdhu;. mf;fhyf; fy;tp
    Kiw Mq;fpyj;jpw;Nf kpf
    Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLj;jgbahy;
    Mq;fpyNk gy
    vOj;jhsu;fSf;F rpU\;b
    nkhopaha; ,Ue;jJ. 1930 fspy;
    kiyafj;jpy; gpwe;j xUtu;
    Mq;fpyj;jpy; ftpij vOJfpwhu;
    vd;why; mJ tpaf;fj; jf;f
    rhjid. ,yq;ifapy; Gjpa
    ,yf;fpak; mUk;gpf;
    nfhz;bUe;j Muk;g fhy
    fl;lj;jpNyNa kiyaf
    ,yf;fpaKk; kzk; tPrpaJ

    MrpahtpNyNa tq;ff;ftp jh$u;


    ,yf;fpaj;jpw;F Nehgy; gupR
    ngw;w gpd;du;jhd;> jha;nkhop
    ,yf;fpaq;fs; Vfhjpgj;jpa
    ,yf;fpaj;jpd;
    fl;Lg;ghl;bypUe;J kPwp Rje;jpu
    fPjkpirj;jd. ,t;thW tq;ff;
    ftp jh$upd; ,yf;fpa ntw;wp
    je;j tpLjiy Kof;fk;
    Mrpahntq;fZk; gutpaJ. 1934
    ,y; ftpauru; jh$u; ,yq;if
    te;jhu;. n`huizapy; =ghyp
    vd;w gz;ghl;Lg; gs;spapy;
    gs;sp xd;Wf;F mbf;fy;
    ehl;bdhu;. rhe;jpepNfjidg;
    Nghy xU fyhrhuf; fy;Y}up
    ,yq;ifapy; epWt Ntz;L
    nkd;W jpU.tpy;kl; ngNuuh
    mtu;fs; Nguhty; nfhz;b
    Ue;jhu;fs;. mtu;fspd; ngU
    Kaw;rpahy; =ghyp

    14

    vd;why; ekJ ftpQu; vj;jifa


    rhjid Gupe;Js;shu; vd;gij
    ehk; czu Ntz;Lk;. mjw;Fg;
    gpd;du; Ik;gjhz;Lfshf
    vOj;Jj;JiwapNyNa
    kpspu;e;jpUf;fpwhu;. 'gj;kh[pdp'
    Kjy; ',dp glkhl;Nld;' tiu
    xU Ik;gjhz;Lfs;
    vOj;jhsuha;> ftpQuha;
    nghype;j kiyaf kfd;
    NtYg;gps;isiaj; jtpu NtW
    vtUkpy;iy. mtuJ miu
    E}w;whz;L ,yf;fpa
    ghuk;gupaj;ij kpQ;r
    Ntz;LtJ ,d;iwa ,sk;
    vOj;jhsu; guk;giuf;F cs;s
    kpfg; ngupa rthy;.
    rp.tpapd; Muk;gfhyf;
    ftpijfs; kiyaf kf;fspd;
    Jau tho;itg; glk; gpbj;jd.
    kpf mikjpahd eilapy;>
    Jaur; rhay; glu gpd;dg;gl;l
    vOj;Jf; Nfhyq;fs; mit.
    ,yf;fpa ,jak; gilj;j
    rp.NtYg;gps;is mtu;fs;
    jpU.Nf.uh[ypq;fk; mtu;fspd;
    J}z;Ljyhy;
    njhopw;rq;fj;jpw;Fs; Eioe;jhu;.
    kiyehl;by; njhopw;rq;fk;
    elj;Jtnjd;gJ #whtspNahL
    NkhJtjw;F xg;ghFk;. rpq;fs
    ,dthjk;> Jiukhu;fspd;
    Mztk;> murhq;fj;jpd;
    myl;rpak;> kf;fspd; Mj;jpuk;>
    Nghl;bj; njhopw;rq;fq;fspd;
    nghwhik> rjp Mfpa midj;J
    rf;jpfSf;Fk; <L nfhLj;J
    njhopyhsu;fspd;
    gpur;rpidfisj; jPu;j;J itf;f
    Ntz;Lk;. jPu;f;f
    Kbahtpl;lhy; Nghuhl;lk;
    njhlq;f Ntz;Lk;. ,e;j
    Nghuhl;l tho;tpy; jk;ik
    tho;ehs; KOtJk;
    mu;g;gzpj;Jf; nfhz;lhu;.
    vdpDk;> mtu; vOj;Jf;fisg;
    NghyNt mtuJ Njhw;wj;jpYk;
    xU rhe;jpNa vg;nghOJk;
    epytpaJ. Gul;rpf;FuiyNah>
    Nghu; Kof;fj;ijNah mtu;
    ftpijfspy; fhz KbahJ.
    1950 Mk; Mz;Lf;Fg; gpd;du;
    mtuJ vOj;Jf;fspy; khw;wk;
    fhzg;gl;lJ. 1930 fspy;
    Mo;e;j ,uf;fk; jOtpa
    ftpijfs;> 1950 fspy; Mj;jpuk;
    fye;j Nrhff; ftpijfs;>
    vq;FNk ghujpapd; vupkiyf;
    FKwy;fisf; fhzKbahJ.
    MfNt mtyq;fisf; fz;L
    nte;J> nehe;J ghba

    Mf - nrg; 2014
    ftpQdhf ,Ue;jhNu xopa>
    nghq;fpf; FKwpa tq;ff; flypd;
    #whtspia vOj;jpy; GFj;jpa
    Gul;rpf; ftpQdhf mtiuf;
    fhz Kbatpy;iy.
    Vd; vd;W Nfl;fj; Njhd;W
    fpwJ. mtuJ tho;f;ifapYk;>
    mtuJ gz;GfspYk; ,jw;fhd
    fhuzq;fisj; Njlyhk;.
    kiyaf ,isQd; jdJ
    rKjhaj;ij cau;j;Jtjw;F
    Kw;gLthNdahdhy; mtDf;F
    ,uz;L tha;g;GfNs ,Ue;jd.
    xd;W Mrpupag; gzp> kw;wJ
    njhopw;rq;f Nrit. Muk;gfhy
    Mrpupau;fs; fpwp];jtg;
    ghlrhiyfspNyNa gzpGupa
    Ntz;bapUe;jjhy;> mq;F
    Gul;rpf; fUj;Jf;F
    ,lkpUf;ftpy;iy.
    ghlrhiyfs; Njrpa
    kakhf;fg;gl;l gpwFjhd;
    Mrpupau;fs; murpaypy; jPtpug;
    gq;Nfw;whu;fs; vd;gij
    ,yq;if tuyhW fhl;LfpwJ.
    rp.tp. mtu;fs; Muk;gj;jpNyNa
    Mrpupag; gzpia tpl;Ltpl;L
    njhopw;rq;f tho;tpy;
    <Lgl;ltu;fs;. 10> 12 tUlj;
    njhopw;rq;f mDgtj;jpw;Fg;
    gpwF 1947 ,y; ghuhSkd;w
    cWg;gpduhdhu;fs;.
    ,f;fhy fl;lj;jpy; (1930 - 1947)
    ,yq;if rkrkh[pf; fl;rp kpfg;
    Gul;rpfukhd njhopw;rq;fg;
    Nghuhl;lq;fspy;
    <Lgl;bUe;jJ. ,jw;F
    vjpu;g;ghf ,aq;fpa ,yq;if
    ,e;jpa fhq;fpu];> fhe;jpak;>
    rhj;tPfk; vd;w Nfhl;
    ghl;Lf;Fs; ,aq;fp te;jJ. ,e;j
    mikg;gpw;Fs; jd;id
    ,izj;Jf; nfhz;l rp.tp.
    fhe;jPa> rhj;tPf Nghf;fpidNa
    vOj;jpYk; tho;tpYk;
    filgpbj;jhu;.
    uh[ypq;fKk;> nts;isaDk;
    mtuJ njhopw;rq;fj; Njhou;fs;
    Mtu;. %tUk; kpf kpf
    rhj;tPjfg; Nghf;iff;
    filg;gpbj;jtu;fs;. ,yq;if
    ,e;jpaj; njhopyhsu;fs;
    fhq;fpurpy; rhjpntwp
    muNrhr;rpaJ. fhq;fpurpd;
    jiyikia mjidf;
    ifg;gw;wpa fhyk;Kjy;
    tplhgpbahfj; jd;
    iff;Fs;NsNa itj;Js;s
    njhz;lkhdpd; rhfrk;

    rhjpj;JNt\k;> gzj;jpkpu;
    Mfpa ,uz;bd; mbg;gil
    apNyNa Nt&d;wp Xq;fpaJ.
    ,d;Dk;$l rhjp Mjpf;fj;
    jpw;Fs;NsNa ,yq;ifj;
    njhopyhsu; fhq;fpu];
    rpf;fpAs;sJ. ghkuj;jdkhf
    kiyafj; njhopyhsu;fs;
    cau;e;j rhjpf;fhuu;fis
    Fbahdtu;fs; vd;ghu;fs;.
    fhq;fpu]; ];jhgdk;
    Fbahdtu;fspd;
    Nfhl;lkhfNt ,Ue;jJ. ,e;jf;
    Fbahdtu;fspd; nfhl;lj;ij
    kw;wtu;fshy; mlf;fNt
    Kbatpy;iy. mtu;fs;
    mlq;fpj;jhd; Nghdhu;fs;.
    fhq;fpurpd; jiyikia
    ifg;gw;w Kbahky; xJq;fpg;
    Nghdhu;fs;. NrhkRe;juk;
    ,e;jpahtpw;Fg; Ngha; tpl;lhu;.
    njhopw;rq;fj;jpw;Nf KOf;Fg;
    Nghl;L tpl;lhu;. m]p]; gpupe;J
    Nghdhu;. mtNuhL rp.tp.Ak;
    Nghdhu;fs;. Nghuhbdhu;fs;.
    njhz;lkhdpd; Mjpf;fj;ij
    mtu;fshy; nty;y
    Kbatpy;iy. nts;isaDk;
    jdp topapy; Nghdhu;.
    njhopw;rq;f tho;f;ifapy;
    kf;fisr; Ruz;Lk; rf;jpfis
    ,dq;fz;Lk; mtw;iw nty;y
    Kbahky; jhkhfNt xJq;fpr;
    nry;y Ntz;ba mDgtj;ijg;
    ngw;w ftpQdpd; ftpijfspy;
    NtjidiaAk; tpk;kiyAk;
    jhd; fhzKbANk jtpu
    vf;fhsj;ijAk; miw
    $tiyAk; fhz Kbahky;
    Nghdjpy; tpag;gpy;iyjhd;.
    ,yq;ifg; ghuhSkd;w
    cWg;gpduhf ,Ue;jnghOJ>
    ftpQDf;F cupa
    fk;gPuj;JlDk;> fw;wtDf;Fupa
    mlf;fj;JlDk; ,e;jpa
    ghzpapy; n\u;thzp
    cilazpe;J kpff;
    ftu;r;rpfukhf gpujpepjpfs;
    rigapy; tPw;wpUe;jhu;.
    NtYg;gps;is. mtu; moif
    Mjhupj;jtu;. mtuJ Mq;fpy
    vOj;Jf;fs; mtUf;Fg; Gfo;
    <l;bj;je;jpUe;jd. ghuhSkd;w
    cWg;gpdu; Kj;jpiuAld;
    mtuJ vOj;Jf;fs; gy Mq;fpy
    VLfspy; ,e;jpahtpYk;
    ,yq;ifapYk; ntspte;jd.
    ,yq;if ,e;jpa
    vOj;jhsu;fspd;
    ghuhl;Ljy;fs; fpilj;jd.

    N[hu;[; nfa;l;]; gPl;lu;


    nfdkd;> [f;Nkhfd;
    MfpNahupd; neUq;fpa cwTk;
    fpl;baJ. mJkl;Lky;yhky;
    mtu; ghuhSkd;wj;jpy;
    mbnaLj;J itj;j clNdNa
    kiyaf kf;fspd;
    FbAupikiag; gwpf;Fk;
    rl;lj;ij ,yq;ifg;
    ghuhSkd;wk; epiwNtw;wpaJ.
    1948 ,y; FbAupikr; rl;lk;
    kiyaf kf;fspd;
    FbAupikiag; gwpj;j
    gpd;dUk; 1952 Mk; Mz;Ltiu
    FbAupik gwpf;fg;gl;l
    kf;fspd; gpujpepjpfsha; rp.tp.
    cl;gl kw;w mWtUk;
    tPw;wpUe;jhu;fs;. mtu;fs;
    elj;jpa rj;jpahf;fpufg;
    Nghuhl;lj;jpYk; rp.tp. nghWg;G
    tha;e;j gq;Nfw;wpUe;jhu;. ,e;j
    murpay; mePjpia vjpu;j;J
    cyifNa <u;f;Fk; mw;Gjkhd
    Nghuhl;lj;ijNa
    elj;jpapUf;fyhk;. kf;fs;
    nfhjpj;jhu;fs;. FKwpdhu;fs;.
    ghuhSkd;wj;jpw;F Kd;dhy;
    jPf;Fspf;fTk;> rpur;Nrjk; nra;J
    nfhs;sTk; kf;fs; jahuhf
    ,Ue;jhu;fs;. ,J gw;wp jpU
    nts;isad; mtu;fs;
    vd;dplk; $wpapUf;fpwhu;fs;.
    Mdhy; md;iwa jiyikapd;
    Nfhioj;jdj;jpdhy; ekJ
    cupikg; NghUf;F fy;yiw
    fl;lg;gl;lJ. ,d;Dk;jhd;
    fy;yiw mUfpy;
    fhj;jpUf;fpNwhk;.
    ,f;fhy fl;lj;jpy; ,e;j
    Mj;jpuj;jpYk;> ,e;j mePjp>
    ,e;jf; nfhLik> ftpijfspy;
    jPg;gpok;Gfsha;> jfjfj;jpUf;f
    Ntz;LNk. rp.tpapd;
    ftpijfspy; ,e;j czu;Tfs;
    gpujpgypf;ftpy;iy. Mdhy;
    mtu; Mj;jpuk; Mo;e;j
    Nrhfj;Jld; ,ize;J
    fdd;wJ. mtu; Kw;Nghf;F
    murpay; fUj;Jf;fis
    Mu;tj;NjhL Vw;Wf; nfhz;lhu;.
    goikj; jiyikfisj;
    JzpTld; rhbdhu;. fhq;fpuir
    tpl;L tpyfpdhu;.
    1960 fspy; GjpaNjhu;
    Mj;jpug;guk;giu jiy
    J}f;fpaJ. vOj;jpYk;>
    Ngr;rpYk;> ftpijapYk;> rPw;wk;
    kpFe;j ,se;jiyKiwapd;
    Jbg;Gk;> tpopg;Gk;
    kiyafj;ij ,dq;fhl;baJ.

    15

    Mf - nrg; 2014
    goe;jiytu;fs;
    mUtWg;NghLk;>
    myl;rpaj;NjhLk; ,g;Gjpa
    Nghf;fpid Nehf;fpdu;. rp.tp.
    mtu;fs; ,g;Nghf;fpid
    Mjupj;jhu;fs;. ,jd;
    tsu;r;rpid tpUk;gpdhu;fs;.
    ,f;fhy ,yf;fpaf; $l;lq;fspy;
    gq;nfLj;Jf; nfhz;lhu;fs;.
    ,se;jiyKiwapdiu
    cw;rhfg;gLj;jpdhu;fs;.
    Kw;Nghf;F ,yf;fpa
    thjpfNshL ,ize;J
    epd;whu;fs;.
    vdpDk; ,yq;ifapy; Vw;gl;l
    ,dthj murpay; G+fk;gq;fs;
    gyiuAk; epiyFiyar;
    nra;jd. kiyaf kf;fspd;
    cupikfs; rpq;fs muR ,l;l
    gpr;irahf khwptpl;ld.
    kiyaf kf;fs; Njhl;lq;fspy;
    vy;iyf;Fs;NsNa
    rpiwitf;fg;gl;ldu;.
    kl;lf;fsg;Gf;F nrd;W
    FbNawpdhYk; mtu;fs;
    FbNaw;wq;fs; mopf;fg;gl;L
    mq;fpUe;J mtu;fs;
    tpul;lg;gl;ldu;. tTdpah>
    Ky;iyj;jPT> jpUNfhzkiyg;

    gFjpfspy; FbNawpa kf;fspy;


    rpyu; mq;F epiyngw;wdu;. gyu;
    tpul;lg;gl;ldu;. kiyaf
    kf;fis ,e;jpahTf;F
    tpul;LtijNa rpq;fs ,dthj
    murpay; ,d;Dk; jdJ
    ,yl;rpakhff; nfhz;Ls;sJ.
    tl - fPo; khepyq;fspy; jkpou;
    cupik Nghuhl;lk;
    MAje;jhq;fpa Nghuhf
    tpuptile;j NtisapNy> 1975 1985 Mz;L fhyq;fspy;
    kiyafj; jkpou;fs; cl;gl
    midj;Jj; jkpou;fSk;
    <dj;jdkhfTk;> Nfhuj;jd
    khfTk; rpd;dhg;gpd;dg;
    gLj;jg;gl;l nghOJ rp.tp.apd;
    mofpa ,sfpa ftpij cs;sk;
    rpjwp cile;jJ. mtu;
    rpe;jidahsu;. mtu; rhe;j rPyu;>
    md;Gk; moFk; ,uf;fKk;
    Cw;nwLj;NjhLk; cs;sk;
    gilj;jtu;. mtuJ KJikapy;
    ,e;jf; nfhLikfspd;
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    Rghtj;jpy; ,btpOe;jhw;
    Nghd;wJ. filrpahf mtuJ
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    jPl;bAs;shu;. mNj Nrhfk;>

    mNj Vf;fk; ,dthj


    ,yq;ifaplkpUe;J tpil
    ngw;Wf; nfhz;L tpl;lhu;
    epue;jukhf.
    mtuJ epidTf;F mQ;rypahf
    ekJ fij vd;W jiyg;gpl;L
    mtu; vOjp itj;jpUe;j
    Mf;fj;ij ehlw;wtu; fij
    vd;w jiyg;gpy;
    ntspapLfpd;Nwhk;. <oehL
    25tJ Mz;L epiwT kyupy;
    mtu; vOjpa kiyafj;
    jkpoupd; ,d;iwa
    gpur;rpidfs; vd;w
    fl;LiuapidAk; ,e;j E}Yld;
    ,izj;jpUf;fpd;Nwhk;.
    Kd;Ndhbg; guk;giuapd;
    KJik vOj;jhsu; kiwe;J
    tpl;lhu;. mtuJ thuprhf
    ,d;DnkhU guk;giu
    ,yq;ifapy; kiyafj;jpy;
    tsu;e;J tUfpwJ. Vf;fg;
    ngU%r;R tpLtjw;fhf my;y>
    tPufhtpak; gilg;gjw;fhf.
    vq;fs; mQ;ryp mtu;fSf;F
    tho;j;njhypahfTk; mika
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    ]p.tp. NtYg;gps;is mtu;fSf;F ,yq;if [dehaf Nrhryprf; Fbaurpd; KjyhtJ gpujku;


    jpU. b. v]; Nrdehaf;fh mtu;fs; ifnahg;gkpl;L toq;fpa gpu[hTupikr; rhd;wpjo;.

    16

    Mf - nrg; 2014
    rf;jPia Njl Muk;gpj;Njd;.
    rf;jP.m. ghiyah vq;fpUf;
    fpwhu;? vd Xt;nthUtupl
    Kkhf tprhupj;Njd;.
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    xU Nghf;fhd Mshr;Nr' vd
    xU gjpy;.
    'mtu; ,Uf;fhNwh nrj;Jl;
    lhNuh njupaiyNa' vd xU
    gjpy; vd ntt;ntW gjpy;fs;.
    <whf ,lk; nrhd;dJ
    vOj;jhsu;> fiyQu; me;jdp
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    mtuJ mYtyfj;Jf;F
    mioj;Jg;Nghf ,d;DnkhU
    tiuAk; Vw;ghL nra;J je;jhu;.
    mtu; Clftpayhsu;
    Nf.nghd;Dj;Jiu.

    ky;ypag;Gre;jp jpyfu;

    Ndm Un
    YrkR

    Nd TXIV
    kiyaf ,yf;fpa Kd;NdhbfSs; xUtUk; khtyp ];jhgf
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    kiwe;J Xuhz;L epidthf xU epidTf;Fwpg;G
    rp. tpapd; 'Mog;Gije;j
    mg;gdpd; rpijNky; vDk;
    tupfisAk; 'GOjpg;
    gLf;ifapy; Gije;j vd;
    kf;fis' vd;w tupfisAk;
    mbf;fb ,yf;fpa #oypy; gyu;
    cr;rupf;ff; Nfl;bUf;fpNwd;.
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    fpilf;ftpy;iy. mg;Nghija
    njhopyhsu; Njrpa rq;fj;
    jiytu; j. ma;ahj;Jiu
    (khj;jis Nuhfpzp) mtu;f
    splk; ,jd; ,uz;lhk; gjpg;G
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    fjtUNf 'ilg; iul;liu'
    itj;J jl;bf;nfhz;L
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    te;jPu;fs;? vd fLikahd
    njhzpapy; Nfs;tpfs;.
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    mtuJ Kfj;jpy; xU
    Foe;ijj;jdk; njupe;jJ
    vdf;F. mNjNeuk; jpl;lkpl;L
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    jpNdd;. vd; jpl;lj;ij
    nkJthfr; nrhd;Ndd;.
    nky;yg; Gupe;Jnfhz;ltuha;
    vdJ Kaw;rpfSf;F
    xj;Jioj;jhu;. tprhupj;jjpy;

    17

    Mf - nrg; 2014
    jd;id gyUk; 'Gj;jfk;'
    Nghl;L jUtjhf Vkhw;wpa
    tplaj;ijAk; jd;Dila
    ftpijfis gyUk; gytpjkhf
    jd;Dila mDkjpapd;wp
    gad;gLj;JtjhfTk;>
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    thOk; jd;Dila epiyg;
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    mtuJ Nfhgk; epahakhfNt
    njupe;jJ. xU kdpjdhy;
    mJTk; kidtp gps;isfs;
    vd;nwy;yhk; FLk;gk;
    tsu;j;Jf;nfhs;shJ jdf;nfd
    thohJ gpwu;f;nfd thOk;
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    vj;jid Jd;gq;fisj;jhd;
    jhq;fpf;nfhs;s KbAk;.
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    cz;ikapy; Foe;ijahfNt
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    cr;rpntapy;
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    msTf;F trjp ,y;iy
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    rp.tpapd; Mq;fpyf; ftpijfis

    18

    gj;jpupiffis thrpj;J
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    mjid jkpopy;
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    nrhd;dhu;. rp.tp ,e;j
    jkpohf;f Kaw;rpia
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    ghy Iah rp.tp NtYg;
    gps;is Njhoikfshf
    ,ize;J gzpahw;wpAs;
    sdu;. gpd;dhspy; rp.tp
    jdJ 'fij' rpw;wpjopd;
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    fpaJ Kjy; mtupd;
    epu;thfg; nghWg;gpy;
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    Ceylon Tea Garden'
    ',yq;ifj;

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    Mf - nrg; 2014
    ,ilntspapy; xU Kg;gJ
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    2013 [_iy mtuJ 88 tJ


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    kj;jpapy; ,Ue;J Muk;gpj;jhu;.
    mtu;fs; vd;id Mr;rupakhfg;
    itj;jparhiyapy; kPz;Lk;
    'm-mg;ghT- mg;ghtpd; ngau;.
    ghu;j;jhu;fs;.
    mDkjpf;fg;gl;ljhf nra;jp
    ghiyahtpy; 'ghiy'
    te;jJ. mtuJ kUkfd; re;jpud; rf;jPapd; tPl;Lf;F nry;Yk;
    tUtjdhy; vdf;F
    topapy; tPuNfrupf;F Fwpg;G
    gpbf;ftpy;iy. ehd; gRikahd mz;zd; mtuplk; 'VjhtJ
    vOJkhW
    ele;jhy; vd;d Mil
    FwpQ;rpapy; ,Ue;J te;jtd;.
    njsptj;ijahiuAk;>
    cLg;gJ' vd jaf;fj;Jld;
    ,d;Dk; Foe;ij cs;sk;
    jpdf;FuYf;F Fwpg;G vOJkhW
    Nfl;Ls;shu;. 'jpyfuplk; tpl;L
    nfhz;ltd;. Fkudhfp Fkup
    nydpd; kjpthdk;
    tpLq;fs; mtu; vy;yhk;
    mtu;fisAk;
    ghu;j;Jr; nra;thu;' vd;W rf;jP
    Ntz;bf;nfhz;Nld;. #upad;
    nrhd;djhf mz;zd; re;jpud;
    thndhypf;F ehd; nfhLj;j
    nrhd;dhu;. mtuplk; ehd;
    jfty; nra;jpahfp clNd
    'nts;is Mthuk;' vd;Nwd;.
    fhiy nra;jpapy;
    2013 Mf];l; 2k; jpfjp
    xypj;Jf;nfhz;bUe;jJ
    mjpfhiy 4.30 mstpy;
    'kiyafj;jpd; KJngUk;
    mz;zd; re;jpudplk; ,Ue;J
    ftpQu; rf;jP ghy Iah
    te;j miog;G vdf;F
    fhykhdhu;. kiyafj;jpd;
    nrhy;yhkNyNa Nrjp
    ftpijf;fhtpakhd ,yq;ifj;
    nrhy;ypaJ. ,Njh ',g;NghNj
    Njapiyj; Njhl;lj;jpNy vDk;
    Gwg;gLfpNwd; vd;Nwd;.
    rptp NtYg;gps;isapd; Mq;fpy
    tUk;NghJ 'n[auj;dtpy;'
    ftpij E}iy jkpohf;fk; nra;j
    tprhupj;Jf;nfhz;Nl thUq;fs;
    ngUikf;Fupatu; ftpQu; rf;jP
    vd;whu;. mg;gbNa nra;Njd;.
    ghy Iah> md;dhuJ ,Wjpf;
    n[auj;d kyu;r;rhiyapy;
    fpupiaafs; gw;wpa tpguk;
    'ngf;Nf[;' tpguq;fis
    gpd;du; mwptpf;fg;gLk;' vd
    fijf;Fk;NghJ 'vd;d kjk;
    nra;jp Kbe;jJ.
    Ntz;LkhdhYk; me;j
    tPl;il mile;jJk; ,e;jpuh
    Kiwg;gb fhupak;
    mf;fh (rf;jPapd; ngwhkfs;)
    rf;jPapd; lawpf;Fs;

    19

    Mf - nrg; 2014
    Njbg;gpbj;j xU ',WjptpUg;g'
    fbjk; xd;iw nfhz;Lte;J
    fhl;bdhu;. Mq;fpyj;jpy;
    jl;lr;R nra;J ifnahg;g
    kpl;bUe;jhu;. '24
    kzpNeuj;jpw;Fs;
    vupj;JtplNtz;Lk;. nts;is
    Mil mzptpj;jpUf;f
    Ntz;Lk;. ve;j kj mZl;lhd
    KiwfSk;
    ,Wjpr;rlq;fpd;NghJ
    nra;af;$lhJ> kuzr;rlq;F
    vspikahf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;'
    vd ,Ue;jJ. vdf;F
    Mr;rupakhf ,Ue;jJ. ,e;j
    Gupjy;jhd; vdf;Fk;
    rf;jPf;Fkhd Mj;khu;j;jkhd
    cwT vd epidf;fpNwd;.
    Mdhy;> mtu; epidj;jpuhj
    xd;W vd; kdJf;Fs; Xb
    cUngw;W epd;wJ. mJ
    mtUf;fhd mQ;ryp epfo;it
    nfhOk;G Njrpa fyhgtdj;jpy;
    elhj;JtJ. ,jpy;
    Mlk;gukpy;iy. kiyafk;
    ngw;nwLj;j Neu;ikahd
    ftpQDf;F> fiyQDf;F>
    nrYj;Jk; ,Wjp nfsutk;.
    ,jdhy; ,yq;if ehl;by;
    kiyaf kf;fSf;fhd xU
    nfsutj;ijg; ngw;Wf
    ;nfhLf;fpwhu; 'rf;jP" vd
    epidj;jJ vd;kdJ. mjid
    mt;thNw nra;J Kbj;Njd;.
    mjw;F me;jdp[Pth mtu;fSk;>
    Kd;dhs; mikr;ru; Gj;jpu
    rpfhkzp mtu;fSk; vdf;F
    cWJizahfp xj;Jioj;
    jhu;fs;. ,yf;fpathjpfs;>
    fiyQu;fs;> gj;jpupifahsu;fs;>
    Clftpayhsu;fs;>
    murpay;thjpfs;>

    njhopw;rq;fthjpfs; mwpe;j
    tu;fs; mwpahjtu;fs; vd
    gyUk; te;J rf;jP f;F ,Wjp
    mQ;ryp nrYj;jpdu;. mikr;ru;
    V.vr;.vk;. m];tu; rf;jP
    jd;Dila Mq;fpy Mrpupau;
    vd;whu;> ,iraikg;ghsu;
    vk;.v];.nry;tuh[h jd;Dila
    ghlyhrpupau; rf;jP vd;whu;>
    ghlfu; Kj;joF rf;jP vDk;
    ,e;j ftpQupd; ghlNyhLjhd;
    vd;Dila fr;Nrupia
    vg;NghJk; epiwT nra;Ntd;
    vd ghbAk; fhl;bdhu;
    (ntl;fk; te;jNjh ntWg;Gk;
    te;jNjh.. gf;fk; te;J ghbahb
    ghuj;J Ngrth.. vDk;
    Jy;ypirg; ghly;)> xU Gjpatu;
    (ekf;F) mtUld; me;j ehspy;
    je;ij nry;th tPl;by; ele;j
    re;jpg;Gfs; gw;wp Ngrpdhu;>
    kiyaf fy;tpahsu;fSs;
    xUtuhd vk;.thkNjtd; jhd;
    khztdhf ,Ue;j NghNj
    jq;fsJ i`yd;]; fy;Y}upf;F
    ftpauq;fj; jiytdhf rf;jP
    te;jijr; nrhd;dhu;>
    njhopyhsu; Njrpa rq;f
    nrayhsu; gpypg; jkJ khtyp
    rq;rpifapd; Mrpupauhf rfjP
    Mw;wpa gq;fspg;igr;
    nrhd;dhu;>kNdhfNdrd;>
    gpugh fNzrd;> uhk; (rf;jPapd;
    rNfhjudpd; kfd;) vd gy
    murpay; MSikfs; mQ;ryp
    nrYj;jpdhu;fs;. nfhOk;Gj;
    jkpo;r; rq;fj;jiytu; mDjhgr;
    nra;jp thrpj;jhu;> Qhdk;
    rpw;wpjo; mQ;ryp nrYj;jpaJ>
    Gyk;ngau; kf;fs; rhu;gpy;
    ez;gu; mRuh (tL rQ;rpif)>
    ekJ kiyafk;.nfhk; rhu;gpy;

    vd;.rutzd; mQ;rypAiu vd
    %j;j ,yf;fpathjp njsptj;ij
    N[hrg; Kjy; Clftpayhsu;
    tp[aFkhu; tiuahd ,sk;
    jiyKiwapdu; tiu mQ;ryp
    ciu epfo;j;jpdu;. tPuNfrup>
    jpdf;Fuy;> jpdfud;
    gj;jpupiffs; rpwg;G fl;Liu
    gpuRupj;J kupahij
    nrYj;jpapUe;jd.
    kiyafk;.nfhk;> kiyafk;
    vg;.vk;.> njhopyhsu; Njrpa
    rq;fk;> kiyehl;L vOj;jhsu;
    kd;wk;> ghf;ah gjpg;gfk;
    mDjhgg; gjhijfisf;
    nfhOk;G 7 fyhgtdj;jpy;
    fhl;rpg;gLj;jpapUe;jJ. ,j;jid
    fhl;rpfisAk; Kj;ijah
    n[fd;Nkhfd; Neuiyapy;;
    ,yq;if thndhypA+lhf
    fhw;wiyapy; fyf;ftpl;Lf;
    nfhz;bUe;jhu;. K.rptypq;fk;>
    R.Kuspjud;> jpdfud;>
    YDfiy = > Rju;k kfhuh[d;>
    Rg;igah fkyjhrd;> fpU];zh
    vd gy ,yf;fpa cs;sq;fs;
    fdj;ijapy; $bepd;W ,Wjp
    mQ;ryp nrYj;jpdu;.
    1925-07-26 y; jythf;fiy>
    ype;Jiyapy; gpwe;J jd;
    ,wg;gpd;NghJk; kiyaf
    kz;zpd; ngUikfis
    Rke;jtwhf jiyefuhd
    fyhgtdj;jpy; ,Ue;J
    nfhOk;G 07 fdj;ij
    kahdj;ij Nehf;fpa
    ,WjpCu;tyj;jpy; epiwtpy;
    2013-08-03 y; 'jP" apy;
    rq;fkkhdhu; rf;jP"kh];lUf;F
    'jpyfu;"vDk; mtuJ
    'ngwhkfdpd;"fz;zPu; mQ;ryp!
    (2013 Mf];l; 3)

    ........................................................................

    ]p.tp kiwtpd;NghJ... - ftpQu; - ghdh jq;fk;


    vk;kpdk; cw;w ,d;gk;
    ,ak;gplg; gyupUg;ghu;
    ,k;kpAk; xsptpy; yhky;
    vopw;ftp NtYg; gps;is
    rpk;kkha; epd;Wiuj;j
    nraypidg; Nghy ,q;F
    nrk;ikah Aiug;g jw;Fr;
    rPu;f;ftp ahNu As;shu;?

    20

    tpf;fy; epiwe;j rKjhak;


    tpk;kpf; FKWk; epiyAiuj;jha;
    'kf;fs; ftpQd; gl;lnkhd;Wk;
    kaq;Fk; nghd;dhy; Milnahd;Wk;
    jq;f tpjj;jpy; ahk; je;J
    jq;fj; jkpohy; Nghw;wpepd;Nwhk;
    Jf;fk; kpFe;J ehkoNt
    J}ug; gazk; eP nrd;wha;

    Mf - nrg; 2014

    V.gp.tp.Nfhk];

    YV

    ..
    StTVW!
    1.12.85 md;W ml;ld; efukz;lgj;jpy;
    eilngw;w mkuu; ]p.tP.NtYg;gps;is
    mtu;fspd; Xuhz;L epidthQ;ryp
    Ma;tuq;fpy; ,lk;ngw;w ftpauq;fpw;F
    jiyiktfpj;J je;j ftpij

    Kd;dhQ;ryp
    rq;fk; itj;J jkpo; tsu;j;J
    rq;fehjk; nra;J Mu;j;J
    rpq;ff; Fiff;Fs; rpWeup Eioa
    rPwpg;gha;e;J ntw;wp tpisa
    gq;fkpyhg; gz;Gld;> Njrg;
    gw;Wk; nfhz;Nl tho;e;J> Xir
    tq;fk; NkNy fyk;nrYj;jp
    tho;e;Njhk; vd;nwyhk;
    fijae;J epw;Nghk;
    toptop te;jtu; jikNa ,e;ehl;by;
    rq;fk; itj;Jg; gq;FNghl;L
    rhf;fil murpay; jdpNy thl;b
    mq;fkq;fkha; mtidg; gpa;j;J
    mq;Fkpq;Fk; js;spr; #jhl;lj;jpd;
    jq;fpepy;yh jhLk; rpWfhaha;
    gq;fg;gl;L thOk;> ey;ypjak;
    gilj;j Njhl;lj; njhopyhsu; jikNa
    ,q;F thOk; cupik mwpe;J
    czu;e;J thor; nra;jhu; rp.tpNa
    rq;fk; itj;J fiy tsu;g;Nghk;.
    rhy;G Nghw;wp
    rhfh ey;ypyf;fpaq;fs; gilj;jspg;Nghk;
    vq;Fk; Gfo;jq;Ffpd;w Vw;wkpf;f
    xspA+l;Lk; ehlfq;fs; NkilVw;wp
    gq;fkij khw;Wjw;Nf Ngr;Rtd;ik
    Nghw;wpepjk;> Gul;rpftp> rpWfijfs;
    ed;F tsu;j;Nj njhopyhsu; tho
    ehnkLg;Nghk; rgjnkd;W rhw;Wfpd;w
    kiyafj;jpd; fiyapyf;fpa NguitNahNu
    njhopw;rq;f thjpahNu
    Nju;e;j gj;jpupifahsu;fNs

    NkYk; mwpT rhd;w mitj; jiyt IahJiuNa!


    md;G rhd;w mitNahNu> ngupNahNu>
    gz;G rhu;e;j vd; tzf;fk;
    gzptha;j; je;Njd;
    ghrk; epiw ckJMrp toq;fp epw;gPu;!

    vd;dhQ;ryp
    ez;G rhd;w xU ngupahu;
    ey;ypja rPtpahu;f;F
    gz;Gld; ghre;jhd; nfhz;Nl
    gzpTld; gfu;e;Njd; vd; ,ja tzf;fk;
    kiyafj;jpy; khR mw;w
    kdJnfhz;l> kf;fs; ,d;W
    epiyapyhJ thOk; tho;f;if
    epk;kjpNa ,d;wp Nrhu
    tpiyapyhj capiu <e;Jk;
    tpisf;Fk; nghUNs cjthnjhopa
    miyNa gl;l JUk;gha; ehSk;
    mtjpg;gl;lhu; epiyia fz;L
    mjid ed;wha;j; jhNd tpz;L
    GtpNa thOk; kf;fs; czu;e;J
    Gupe;jpl Ntz;Lk; rupepiy vd;W
    ftpijapy; tbj;jhd; Mq;fpyj;jpy; ed;W
    Njapiyj; Njhl;lj;jpdpNy vd;W
    ntapyha; khwp tPziuaopf;Fk;
    ntw;wpg; gpok;gha; thopeP vd;Ngd;!
    Mapuj;Jj; njhshapuj;J Kg;gjhk; Mz;Nl
    mikjpaha; ,yf;fpa cyFf;Fs; GFe;J
    ghapukha; vq;fSf; (F) mike;jhd;
    ew;ghtyd; / ew;fhtyd;
    NgNuhL Gfo;ngw;W eP^op tho;thd;
    rPNuhL vd;Wk; ek;k rP.tpNa
    miu E}w;whz;lha; Mw;wpa ew;Nrit
    giwrhw;wpLNthk; ghNuhu; mwpa
    epiwtha;f; fyhepjpg; gl;lk; mtu;f;Nf

    21

    Mf - nrg; 2014
    rpwg;gha;f; nfhLj;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;
    Mkhk;
    Nguwpthsdtd; gilj;j ey;ypyf;fpak;
    NguwpahJthOk; Ngij kf;fspd;
    ghupa rupj;jpuk; gfu;e;J jpfOk;
    Cuwpa mtupq;F te;j rupj;jpuk;> gpd;
    cod;W tho;e;j tho;f;if tprpj;jpuk;
    cz;ik epiyf;fhl;Lk; kj mDl;lhdk;
    caupa jpUtpohg; gz;bif Nghd;wit
    Cuwpar; nra;jpLk; fiyapd;
    nghf;fp\q;fs;
    mbikfs; NghNy mbnaLj;J itj;J
    mlu;e;j fhlha;f; fple;jij khw;wp
    nrbahk; Nfhg;gp Njapiy tsu;e;J
    rpte;j ,uj;jj;ij tpau;itaha;
    thu;j;Jk;
    kpbikapy; thOk; kf;fs;jk; rupj;jpuk;
    kiyafk; khw;wj; Jbj;jpLk; ,isQu;fs;
    gpbj;jpLk; [{thiy vupe;jpLk; ge;jk;
    nghrpf;fpLk; ngha;au;jk; nra;if
    Xu; ehNs
    (NtW)
    ciog;Ng cdJ jpUthFk;
    cz;ik Nru;e;jhy; nghUs;NrUk;
    fisg; Ngapd;wpj; njhopw;nra;tha;
    f\;lk; ahTk; fise;NjhLk;
    tpopg;Ng cdf;F ,Ue;jpl;lhy;
    tPzhRuz;ly; tpiue;NjhLk;
    fspg;Ng cdJ tho;thFk;
    flik> fz;zpak; fye;jpl;lhy; vd;W $wp ciog;Nghu; vy;yhk; xd;whFk;
    cd;dj ehSk; cUthFk;
    gpiog;Nghu; iff;fl;Lk; ,opT
    gpw;Nghf;FNk gwe;NjhLk;
    miog;Ng ,d;WeP je;Jtpl;lha;
    mwpTje;jpLk; fhtpaq;fspNy
    'ciof;fg; gpwe;jtu;fs;" 'tho;tw;w tho;T"
    'cau; tPlw;wtd;" 'ghu;tjpAld;"
    'vy;iyg;GwNk"
    (NtW)
    fhyj;ij ntd;wpl;l tre;j ftpijfs;
    fhtpakhfg; gilj;jtd; rP.tP.
    jh$u; ngupahu; juzpGfo; ftpQd;
    jq;f thahy; tp];kh[pdp' Nghw;wpdhd;
    ghfha;g; gpd;G 'topg;Nghf;fd;' jd;id
    tskha; trd fhtpakha;j; je;jhd;
    'Mfh" vd;Nw mwpTNshu; Gfo;e;jdu;
    Mq;fpyj;jpy; gilj;j Mw;wiyf; fz;L

    22

    tuyhW gilf;f ngUq; fhtpankhd;W


    tiue;J nfhz;bUe;jijf; Nfl;L
    kdk;kfpo;e;J
    epiwthd GfNo cid#o ntd;W
    epu;kykhd ed;kdj;Jld; Gfo;e;J
    'kdpj gpz;lk;' vDk; mtd; fhtpak;
    kiyaf kf;fspd; tuyhw;wpd; G+uzk;
    jdpnahU jifrhd;w ftpQdha; mtid
    juzpf;F vLj;J XjpLnkd;wpUe;Njhk;
    jdpikapy; ehq;fNs jfpf;fr; nrd;whd;
    juzpGfoNt mtDk; Mkhk;
    vOj;jhsu;> ftpQu;> Vw;wkpF njhopw;rq;f
    thjpaha; mtNdh VWeilNghl;lhd;
    tOj;jpatidg; Nghw;wp tho;j;Jk;
    Nehf;FlNd
    kiyafj;jpd; fiyapyf;fpa NguitapdNu
    eyKlNd 'kf;fs; ftpkzp' vDk; Gfopd;
    ew;gl;lk; je;jpl;l ehSk; - mtNd
    eyKlNd tho;e;jplNt fz;Nlhk;
    tho;tpy; jpir khwpatu;fs;
    eyKlNd tho;e;jplNt
    ey;ygy ,yf;fpaq;fs;
    csepiwNt ngw;wplNt
    cyFf;F je;Jtpl;Nl kiwe;jhd;
    (NtW)
    tapw;iw ehSk; fOtpte;jhy;
    thOk; cupik fpl;Lkh
    fapw;iw mWj;J fl;ltpo;f;Fk;
    fhyk; te;J vl;Lkh
    japiu file;J ntz;nza; vLf;Fk;
    jifia te;J NrUkh
    gapw;wg;gl;l ghlk; Nfl;L
    gaDk; te;J NeUkh
    miktho;tpy; ,d;gk; vq;Fk;

    Mf - nrg; 2014
    mile;jjpy;iy cyfpNy
    kpbikehSk; ciog;Nghu; tho;tpy;
    kiwaNtz;Lk; tpyfpNa
    cupik ngw;W ekJ ehl;by;
    cyt Ntz;Lk; ePANk
    ngUikNahL Gfd;W nrd;whd;
    Gfo Ntz;Lk; mtidNa
    (NtW)
    jho;r;rpAw;w kiyafe;jhd; jioj;J
    kPz;Lk; jiyepkpu;e;J
    juzptho Ntz;Lk; vd;W
    gho;rpiwjhd; guprhf te;nja;jhYk;
    gz;GlNd gzpGupe;J njhz;L nra;J
    #o;r;rpajhy; xw;Wikiaf;
    Fiyg;ghnuy;yhk; Nru;e;njhopa
    ngUk;Gul;rpf; FunyOg;gp
    tPo;r;rpapy;iy kiyafj;jpy;
    khw;wq;fhz;gPu;
    tUf vd;W FunyOg;gp topAk; nra;jhd;
    fy;tpapyh kiyafj;jpy; ,Uz;l tPl;by;
    ftpijapdhy; kyu;r;rp nra;J giljpul;b
    nrhy;typahy; nrhu;f;fG+kp fhzNtz;b
    nrhy;nyhdh jilte;jhYk;
    mjidj;jhz;b nry;topiaf; fhl;b
    mjpy; eilia Xl;b
    nre;jkpou; gz;Gfhf;f topiaf;fhl;b
    ey;topapy; ek;ktiu ,l;Lr; nrd;w
    ek; rP.tPapd; ngaUk; tho;f ePL epd;W

    (NtW)
    rpWikg; Gz;zha; rpije;j rKjha
    fUikg; Gs;spfisf; fise;J mfw;wpl
    mWitr; rpfpr;irf;F mjp$u;ik fj;jpAk;
    mdyhk; kUe;ijAk; mspj;jhd; ek;rPtP.
    ftpijf; fj;jp fUj;Jr; nre;jP
    Gtpapy; gug;gp Gz;zpiy khw;wNt
    etpy;Nthk; ey;yit eyKld; ehKNk
    ckpaha; ,y;yhky; cs;sPlha; khwNt
    Gydha; ,uhky; jdyha; khwNt
    ,dpnahUtpjp nra;tha; ve;ehSkijf;
    fhg;gha;

    KbthQ;ryp
    Nghw;wp epd;Nwhk; Gfo;e;J epd;Nwhk;
    nghd;dhil Nghu;j;jp epd;Nwhk;
    Vw;Wfpd;w Nehf;FlNd vLj;Jg;gl;lk;
    nfhLj;Jepd;Nwhk; - Mdhy;
    ehl;Lfpd;w ftpQdptd; ew;fUj;ij
    ehl;bYs;shu; Vl;lstpy; tpl;blhJ
    vLj;J tho;tpy; fil gpbj;jhy;jhd;
    ehnkLj;j tpohthNy
    ey;y gad;jhd; tpisAk;
    thopa rP.tp. ew;ngaNu
    thopa ePL ek;ktNu
    ehba rP.tpapd; ew;fUj;Jf;fs;
    ehl;bdpy; thopa thopaNt - vd;W $wp
    eyNk epiwT nra;Nthk;

    Mq;fpy %y E}y;
    ntspaPL:

    M.D. Gunasena,
    Colombo- 1970

    ]p.tpapd; 'Born to Labour' vDk;


    Mq;fpy eilr;rpj;jpu E}y;
    vOj;jhsu; K. rptypq;fk; mtu;fspdhy;
    'Njapiyj; Njrk;" vdj;
    jkpohf;fk; nra;ag;gl;L Jiutp gjpg;gfj;jpdhy;
    ntspaPL nra;ag;gl;lJ

    23

    Mf - nrg; 2014

    ]p.tp.NtYg;gps;isapd;

    gd;Kf MSikAk; gzpfSk;


    ]p.tp.NtYg;gps;is E}w;whz;L epidit Kd;dpl;L 2014 [{d; 15Mk; jpfjp jkpo;f;
    fijQu; tl;lk; nfhOk;Gj; jkpor; rq;fj;jpy; elhj;jpa epfo;tpy; Mw;wpa
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    mwpKfk;

    MSikahf tpsq;fpatu;.

    -ky;ypag;G re;jp jpyfu;

    ,yq;if> Mq;fpy kw;Wk; jkpo;


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    jtpu;j;Jtpl;Lg; Nghf Kbahj
    MSikahf jpfo;gtu; ]p.tp
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    tUlk; mtuJ E}w;whz;L
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    vy;NyhUNk 100 taij
    milaj;jhd; nra;fpwhu;fs;.
    Mdhy; kiwe;J xU rpy
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    cwTfisAk; $l. mNj Neuk;

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    rpyiu Mz;Lfs; Mapuk;


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    ghspahf ngupJk; mwpag;
    gl;lhYk; gilg;G ,yf;fpak;
    jtpu;e;j ,d;Dk; gy Jiwfspy;

    24

    nfhOk;gpy; ,Ue;J Rkhu;


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    efupy; ,Ue;J jtye;jd;id
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    Nyhah topapy; gazpf;Fk;
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    uapy; epiyak; mikAk; efUf;F
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    Njhl;lj;ij flf;fhky;
    gazpf;f KbahJ. mt;thW
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    kPw;wu; J}uj;ij milAk; xU
    tistpy; ,lJ gf;fkhf
    Njapiy kiy
    fSf;F ,ilNa
    mike;j rpW
    Gy;ntspg;
    gFjpapy; xU
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    nuq;frhkp> klnfhk;giu
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    ]p.tp. Fwpg;gpLk; ,e;jg; gl;ba

    Mf - nrg; 2014
    ypy; tUk; 'klnfhk;giu
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    zpapd; GijFopjhd; vq;fs;
    Cupy; cs;s me;j GijFop.
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    fq;fhzp gy tl;bf;filfis
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    filapyhtJ cl;fhu;e;J
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    Njhl;lk; thq;fpatu;" (gf; 45)
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    ehd; rpWtdhd fhyj;jpy;


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    jug;gpy; ,Ue;J Ie;jhW Ngu;
    jd; kf;fs; Fwpj;j
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    ghu;itf;Fs; nry;Yk;
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    GijFop GJtbtk; ngWfpwJ.
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    Vw;gLj;jpaJ me;j fbjq;
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    ce;Jjjiyj; jUfpd;wJ.
    rw;Nw tsu;e;j gpd;du;jhd;
    mjd; murpay; njupa te;jJ.

    25

    Mf - nrg; 2014
    murhq;fj;Jf;F vq;Nf njupe;jJ.
    vq;Nfh xU Njhl;lj;J
    %iyapy; ,Uf;Fk; jdJ
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    ngau; jtpu;e;j NtW ahUila
    ngaUk; kiyaf tuyhw;wpy;
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    Vw;ghL nra;j ehlfNk mJ.
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    tsu;e;jtu;fshf xU gf;fk;
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    Muk;gpj;Njhk;. mtuJ
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    mtu;fspd; rpwg;G mtuJ
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    26

    nfhOk;G ehye;jh fy;Y}upf;F


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    ]py; ,Ue;J ntspNaw
    Neu;fpwJ. m]P]; jiyik
    apyhd [dehaf njhopyhsu;
    fhq;fpu]py; ,ize;J
    nraw;glj;njhlq;fpdhu;.
    1965Mk; Mz;L tp.Nf.

    Mf - nrg; 2014

    nts;isad; mtu;fs;
    njhopyhsu; Njrpa rq;fj;ij
    Muk;gpj;j gpd;du; mjpy;
    ,ize;Jnfhs;fpd;w
    rp.tp.NtYg;gps;is mtu;fs;
    nts;isad; mtu;fSf;Fg;
    gpwFk; jiyikg; nghWg;ig
    xU njhopyhsp ifapNyNa
    nfhLj;J epu;thf MNyhrfuhf
    ,Ue;J mjid topelhj;jp
    As;shu;. ,Wjptiu
    njhopyhsu; Njrpa rq;fj;jpd;
    MNyhrfuhfNt nraw;gl;lhu;.
    mtuJ fy;yiwia ,d;Wk;
    me;j rq;fj;jpdNu Gdu;
    epu;khzk; nra;J guhkupj;J
    tUfpd;wdu;.
    ,e;j> Mrpupa> murpay;>
    njhopw;rq;f MSikf;F
    mg;ghy; xU gj;jpupif
    MrpupauhfTk; rp.tp. mtu;fis
    Nehf;f KbAk;. 'fij' vDk;
    ,yf;fpa ,jopd; Mrpupauh
    fTk;> njhopyhsu; Njrpa
    rq;fj;jpd; khjhe;j ,johd
    'khtyp' gj;jpupifapd;
    MrpupauhfTk; ,Ue;J
    topelhj;jpAs;shu;. jtpuTk;
    gy;NtW gj;jpupiffspYk;
    mtuJ gilg;GfSk;
    vOj;Jf;fSk; ntspte;Js;sd.
    ftpQu; vDk; MSik gw;wp
    mjpfk; nrhy;yj; Njitapy;iy.
    mtUf;F ngUk; Gfio
    Vw;gLj;jpaJ mtuJ
    ftpijfs;jhk;. mtuJ
    Wishmajini, Wayferer, Tagore at
    A Glance, Ananda's Dream, In
    Ceylon's Tea Garden Nghd;w
    neLq;ftpijfSk; ftpij
    ehlfq;fSk; Mq;fpyj;jpNyNa
    Neubahf vOjg;gl;lit. 1963
    mk; Mz;L Nk Kjyhk; jpfjp

    Mgpupf;f Mrpa
    vOj;jsu; xd;wpak;
    rhu;gpy; (Afro Asian
    Writers' Bereau)
    njhFf;fg; gl;Ls;s
    Mq;fpy ftpij
    E}ypy; ,yq;if>
    rPdh> nfhq;Nfh>
    ,e;jpah>
    ,e;NjhNdrpah>
    nfhupah> #lhd;>
    nlq;fhdpapf;fh>
    Nrhtpaj; u\;ah
    kw;Wk; tpal;ehk;
    Mfpa ehLfisr;
    Nru;e;j ftpQu;fspd;
    ftpijfs; mlq;fpa
    E}ypy; ,yq;ifiar;
    Nru;e;j MW ftpQu; fspd;
    ftpijfs; cs;slq;fpAs;sd.
    tz.v];. kfpe;j NjNuh vOjpa
    Prayer of Independence,
    N[.gp.tpf;fpuk rpq;f vOjpa
    Awake Sinhala youth> <th uztPu
    vOjpa Down Them, tz.
    rhu;y;]; tpy;ypak; b rpy;th
    vOjpa A Petttion, rhfu
    gyd;#upa vOjpa Village Beauty
    Mfpa ftpijfSld; Tea
    Pluckers vDk; jiyg;gpy; ]p.tp.
    NtYg;gps;is vOjpa
    ftpijAk; Nru;f;fg;gl;Ls;sik
    Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. ,e;jj;
    njhFg;gpy;
    mlq;fpAs;s xNu
    jkpouhd ,tu;
    vOjpas;s
    ftpijAk; kiy
    afj;jpy; nfhOe;J
    gwpf;Fk;
    Njapiyj;
    Njhl;lj; njhop
    yhsu;fs; gw;wpaJ
    vd;gJk; ,q;F
    ftdj;jpw;Fupad.
    ]p.tp mtu;fs;
    jkpopy; ftpij
    fs; vOjtpy;iy. ',yq;ifj;
    Njapiyj; Njhl;lj;jpNy' vDk;
    ftpijj; njhFg;G ftpQu; rf;jP
    ghiyah mtu;fspdhy;
    jkpohf;fk; nra;ag;gl;lJ.
    ehty; vd;W tUk;NghJ
    vy;iyg;Gwk; (Borderland)>
    tho;tw;w tho;T> fhjy; rpj;jpuk;>
    tPlw;wtd;> ghu;tjp> ,dpg;
    glkhl;Nld; Nghd;wdtw;iw
    Fwpg;gplyhk;. ,jpy; tPlw;wtd;>
    ghu;tjp> ,dpg;glkhl;Nld;
    Nghd;wd NeubahfNt ]p.tp

    mtu;fs; jkpopy; vOjpait


    vd;gJk; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.
    Vidait Mq;fpy %y
    ehty;fs; nghd;.fpU]z;rhkp>
    gp.v];.nrg];jpad;
    Nghd;wtu;fshy; jkpOf;F
    nkhopngau;f;fg;gl;lit.
    'tho;tw;w tho;T' rhuy; ehld;
    mtu;fspdhy; E}yhfg;
    gjpg;gpf;fg;gl;lJ.
    rpWfij ghzpapy; mike;j
    eilr;rpj;jpuk; vDk; ,yf;fpa
    tbtj;jpd; Clhf kiyaf
    khe;ju;fis Mq;fpyj;jpy; Born
    To Labour vDk; jiyg;gpy;
    vOjpatu; rp.tp.NtYg;gp;s;is.
    kiyafj; njhopyhsu;fspd;
    tho;tpaiy ntspg;gLj;Jtjpy;
    ,e;j eilr;rpj;jpuk; Kf;fpa
    gq;F tfpg;gjhf gpugy rpq;fs
    vOj;jhusu; khu;l;bd;
    tpf;fpukrpq;f tpje;Jiuj;
    Js;shu;. vOj;jhsu;
    K.rptypq;fk; mtu;fs;
    'Njapiyj; Njrk;' vDk;
    ngaupy; ,e;j eilr;rpj;jpuj;ij
    jkpohf;fk; nra;J E}yhf
    ntspapl;Ls;shu;.
    kiyaf kf;fspd;
    tuyhw;W
    tpguq;

    fisAk; murpay; r%f


    epiyg;ghLfisAk; fl;Liufs;
    %yk; ntspg;gLj;jpatu; rp.tp
    NtYg;gps;is. 'ekJ fij'
    vDk; ngaupy; ]p.tp
    mtu;fspdhy; 'khtyp'apy;
    njhluhf vOjg;gl;L gpd;du;
    'ehlw;wtu; fij' vd E}YU
    ngw;Ws;s mtuJ fl;Liufs;
    kiyaf kf;fspd; tuyhw;iw
    NgRfpd;wd.
    me;j E}iy ntspapl;l
    itfiw gjpg;gfk;
    K.epj;jpahde;jd; mtu;fSk;

    27

    Mf - nrg; 2014
    me;j E}Yf;F Kd;Diu vOjpa
    ,u.rptypq;fk; mtu;fSk;
    'kiyafj;jkpoupd; ,d;iwa
    gpur;rpidfs;' vDk; jiyg;gpy;
    <oehL gj;jpupifapd; 25tJ
    Mz;L kyupy; rp.tp.NtYg;
    gps;is mtu;fs; vOjpAs;s
    fl;LiuiaAk; Nru;j;Js;sdu;.
    rp.tp.NtYg;gps;is mtu;fs;
    ve;jsTf;F kiyaf kf;fs;
    Fwpj;Jk; mtu;fsJ gpur;rp
    idfs; Fwpj;Jk; njspthd
    rpe;jidiiaf; nfhz;bUe;jhu;
    vd;gjw;F me;jf; fl;Liu
    xd;Nw rhd;W gfUk;.
    ehl;lhu; ghly;fspd;
    Nrfupg;ghsu; vd;W tUfpd;w
    NghJ kiyafj;jpy; mjidr;
    nra;j Kjy; jdpkdpju; vd;w
    tifapy; rp.tp.mtu;fspd;
    gzp Kf;fpaj;Jtk;
    ngWfpwJ. rp.tp apd;
    kdpj Neaj;jpw;Fk;>
    njhopyhsu;ghw;gl;l
    rpe;jidf;Fk; vLj;Jf;
    fhl;lhf miktd ,e;j
    'ehl;lhu; ghly;fspd;'
    Nrfupg;G. 'khkd; kfNd"
    - kiyehl;L kf;fs;
    ghly;fs;;- vDk; njhFg;
    ;ghfTk; ,J ntspte;
    Js;sJ. Njhl;lj;jpy;
    'ngupa tPl;Lg;;' gpwe;j
    gps;isahf tsu;e;jhYk;
    rp.tp.NtYg;gps;is jkJ
    %jhijapd; tUif
    NahL gpize;j tha;nkhop
    ,yf;fp aq;fis njhFf;f
    Ntz;Lk; vd;w kdg; ghq;F
    nfhz;l tuhfNt
    tsu;e;Js;shu;.
    njhopyhsu;fs; jkJ cly;
    ciog;G kPJ kl;LNk ek;gpf;if
    itj;J fly;fle;J gpiog;G
    Njbte;jNghJ jq;fSld;
    $lNt nfhz;L te;j ehl;lhu;
    ghly;fNs. ,w;iwtiuf;F
    khd kiyaf ,yf;fpaj;jpd;
    Cw;Wf;fz;zhf ,e;j
    tha;nkhop ,yf;fpaNk jpfo;
    fpd;wJ. me;j ehl;lhu; ghly;
    fis njhFf;f Ntz;Lk;
    vd;fpw rp.tpapd; vz;zk;
    Nghw;Wjw;FupaJ. mtu; rhjhu
    zkhf Nkilapy; NgRk; nghJ
    ,e;j ehl;lhu; ghly; fisAk;
    mjd; mu;j;jq;fisAk; kf;f
    Sf;F vLj;Jr; nrhy;thuhk;.
    mNjNghy; re;Njh\khd
    nghOJfspy; ,e;j ehl;lhu;
    ghly;fis ghlr;nrhy;yp

    28

    eldkhb kfpo;thuhk; vd>


    mtUld; $lNt ehl;fisf;
    fopj;j khj;jis Nuhfpzp
    (j.ma;ahj;Jiu) mtu;fs;
    nrhy;yf; Nfl;bUf;fpNwd;.
    ',dpg;glkhl;Nld; vd;fpw
    ehtYf;F mtu; Kd;Diu vOj
    tpioe;j NghJ Fwpg;gpLk; rp.tp.
    mtu;fs; vOjpAs;s tupfis
    ,q;F Fwpg;gpLtJ nghUe;Jk;
    vd epidf;fpNwd;.
    'vdJ ,sk; guhaj;jpy; khiy
    Ntisfspy; vdJ ghl;bapd;
    mUfpy; ,Ue;jthNw fij
    fisr; nrhy;YkhW
    er;rupg;gJ vdJ
    tof;fk;. ghl;bAk;
    vdf;F vz;zw;w
    fijfis

    kWf;fhky; nrhy;ypapUf;fpwhu;.
    ,Ue;Jk; xt;nthU Kiw fij
    nrhy;Yk; Kd;Gk; mts; nky;y
    Kdfpf; nfhs;tJ tof;fk;
    'k...k; ehd; nghwe;j fija
    nrhy;Ntdh? ,y;y ehd; gl;l
    fija nrhy;Ntdh...?" vd;W.
    md;W mtspd; me;j
    Gyk;gYf;F ehd; ve;j
    mu;j;jj;ijAk; fz;Nldpy;iy.
    Mdhy; ,d;Nwh mJ mtsJ
    Fuyhf khj;jpukpd;wp xU
    r%fj;jpd; FuyhfTk; vdf;Fg;
    gLfpd;wJ. ,d;W fij $w
    tUk; ehDk; ghl;bapy; ,Ue;J
    rw;W NtWgl;L...
    ',dpg;glkhl;Nld; vd;W
    fij nrhy;y tUfpNwd; Nghy
    Njhd;WfpwJ. vd vOjpr;
    nry;fpwhu; rp.tp. jdJ
    %jhijau; gl;l mtyj;ij
    ehd; ',dpg;glkhl;Nld;" vd
    neQ;RWjpia cUthf;Ftjhf
    mike;Js;sJ mtuJ jiyg;G.

    ,j;jifa ,yf;fpa neQ;rj;


    NjhL vOe;j rp.tpapd; vOj;J
    f;fSk; gilg;Gf;fSk; NtW
    r%fj;jpdUf;Fk; ru;tNjrj;
    Jf;Fk; nrd;wila Ntz;Lk;
    vd;gjpy; rp.tp mtu;fs; fhl;b
    apUf;Fk; mtuJ gz;gl;l
    MSikia mtiu xU 'r%fj;
    njhlu;ghlyhsu;' vDk;
    MSikahsuhfTk; ghu;f;fj;
    J}z;LfpwJ.
    NkNy fhl;lg;gl;l gy;NtW
    MSikahf jdJ nraw;
    ghLfis gpw
    r%fj;jf;Fk;
    ru;tNjrj;Jf;Fk;
    vLj;Jr; nry;y
    mtu;
    nfhz;bUf;ff;$ba
    fbjg;gupkhw;wq;fs;
    ngUk;
    Mjuhq;fshfTs;s
    d. Fwpg;ghf
    ,e;jpah tpy;
    nly;yp> gk;gha;>
    yf;Ndh> fy;fj;jh
    Nghd;w
    tlkhepyq;fspy;
    ,Ue;Jk; nrd;id
    apypUe;Jk; ntsp tUk;
    gy;ntW
    gj;jpupiffSf;Fk;
    gy;fiyf;fofq;fSf;Fk;
    jdJ gilg;Gf;fisAk;
    me;j gilg;gpd;
    cs;slf;fk; gw;wpa xU
    tpsf;ff; fbjj;ijAk;
    ]p.tp. mtu;fs; mDg;gpAs;shu;.
    mt;thW mtu; vOJ fpd;w
    fbjq;fspy; jdJ gilg;Gfs;
    Rke;JtUk; kf;fs; $l;lj;jpd;
    mty tho;T njhlu;ghf ePq;fs;
    Gupe;Jnfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vDk;
    Ntz;LNfhis mtu;
    Kd;itf;fj; jtwtpy;iy.
    mj;jifa fbjq;fSf;F gjpyhf
    mtu; ngw;w fbjq;fSk;
    ]p.tpapd; gilg;Gfs; me;j
    jug;gpdiu vt;thW czur;
    nra;Js;sJ vd;gij vLj;Jr;
    nrhy;tjhf cs;sJ.
    ,e;jpahtpd; [f;Nkhfd;>
    thr;rhdp> gp.yhy; Nghd;w
    gj;jpupif MSikfSlDk;
    Nguhrpupau; tp.#upa ehuhazd;>
    Nguhrpupau; v];.uhkfpU];zd;>
    jpUkjp.yf;];kp fpU];z%u;j;jp
    Nghd;NwhUld; mjpfsthd
    fbjg; gupkhw;wj;ij Nkw;
    nfhz;Ls;shu;;. Gfo;ngw;w
    XtpaUk; ftpQUkhd 'N[hu;[;

    Mf - nrg; 2014
    fPw;" mtu;fs; neUq;fpa el;Gld;
    ]p.tpAld; fbjg;gupkhw;
    wq;fisr; nra;Js;shu;.
    ,yq;ifapd; Gfo;ngw;w
    vOj;jhsu; khu;l;bd;
    tpf;fpukrpq;f mtu;fSld; jkJ
    gilg;Gfs; Fwpj;j mjpfk;
    fUj;J gupkhwpAs;shu;. rp.tp.
    apd; Born to Labour njhlu;gpy;
    fUj;J njuptpj;jpUf;Fk;
    khu;l;bd; tpf;fpukrpq;f mtu;fs;
    'Njhl;lj; njhopyhsu;fspd;
    tho;tpay; Fwpj;j Kf;fpakhd
    gjpT' vd ghuhl;bAs;shu;.

    fUj;Jf;fis
    gupkhwpAs;sik
    khj;jpukpd;wp
    mtw;iw ntspaPL
    nra;tjw;Fk;
    Kaw;rpfis
    Nkw;nfhz;Ls;sik
    njupatUfpd;wJ.

    mNjNghy fyhepjp Fkhup


    [atu;jd> Md; uzrpq;f>
    na];kpd; Fzuj;z Nghd;w
    MSikfSld; mtUf;F
    neUq;fpa njhlu;G ,Ue;
    jpUf;fpd;wJ. jdJ gilg;
    Gf;fis E}YUthf;fk; nra;tJ
    njhlu;gpy; aho;g;ghzj;jpy;
    ,Ue;j jpU. gj;ehg ma;aU
    lDk;> K.epj;jpahde;jDld;
    mjpfkhd njhlu;Gfis
    nkw;nfhz;Ls;shu;. ,dpg;
    glkhl;Nld; ehtiy ,e;jpah
    tpy; ntspf;nfhzu rpjk;gu
    uFehjd; mtu;fSf;$lhf
    me;jdp [Pth mtu;fs; vLj;j
    Kaw;rpfs; njhlu;ghf fbjq;
    fspy; gpu];jhgpj;Js;shu;.
    ,e;jf; fbjg;gupkhw;wq;fspd;
    NghJ 'The Hundredth day'
    kw;Wk; 'Human Cargo' Nghd;w
    gilg;Gfs; gw;wp vOjpAs;shu;.
    Human Cargo vd;w gilg;gpd;
    xU gFjpia Nguhrpupau;
    ifyhrgjp mtu;fSf;F
    gpuRuj;Jf;F Kd;dhd
    thrpg;Gf;fhf mDg;gpajhf xU
    fbjk; $WfpwJ.

    1981 Mk; Mz;L


    ]p.tp. mtu;fSf;F
    Nguhrpupau; ifyhr
    gjp vOjpa fbjj;
    jpy; jhDk; ez;gu;
    fSk; ,ize;J
    aho;g;ghzj;jpy;
    xOq;F nra;jpUf;Fk;
    rPd vOj;jhsu; Y}Rd;
    mtu;fspd; E}w;whz;L epfo;tpy;
    (26.09.1981) 'epidTg; NgUiu
    ahw;w" miog;G tpLj;Js;shu;.
    ,d;DnkhU fbjj;jpy; ]p.tp
    mtu;fs; tpohTf;F te;J
    ciuahw;wpaijAk; mjpy;
    ngUksthd ,isQu;fs;
    fye;Jnfhz;ljhfTk;
    ]p.tpapd; gjpy; gjpT
    nra;fpd;wJ. kiyafj;jpy;
    ,Ue;J aho;g;ghzj;Jf;F me;j
    ehspy; 'epidTg; NgUiuf;fhf"
    rp.tp miof;fg;gl;Ls;shu;
    vd;gJ ]p.tpapd; MSikia
    fhl;b epw;gjhfTs;sJ.
    mNjNghy 1982 [_iy 7k;
    jpfjp ]p.tp mtu;fs;
    K.epj;jpahde;jd; mtu;fSf;F
    vOjpAs;s fbjj;jpy;
    'aho;g;ghzj;jpy; tpoh vLf;f
    rPd nfhkpAdp];l; fl;rpiar;
    Nru;e;j jpU.Rg;gpu kzpak;
    vd;dplk; $wpdhu;. mNjhL
    jpU. eldrghgjpAk; mJgw;wp
    vd;dplk; $wpdhu;' vd
    vOjpAs;shu;.

    ,lJrhupfSldhd
    cwT

    ,e;j njhlu;ghly;fs; %yk;;


    rp.tp mtu;fs; ,lJrhup

    ,e;j fl;lj;jpy; rp.tp. nfhz;


    bUe;j murpay; njhopw;rq;f
    jj;Jthu;j;jj;Jld; xg;gpLk;;
    NghJ khu;f;rpa Kw;Nghf;F
    rpe;jidfspy; jPtpukhf ,Ue;j
    Nguhrpupau; Nf.ifyhrgjp
    mtu;fSldhd cwT Kf;fpaj;
    Jtk; cilaJ. mtu;fSf;F
    ,ilNaahd cwT kpfTk;
    neUf;fkhdjhf ,Ue;Js;sij
    njhlu;ghly; fbjq;fisf;
    nfhz;L Gupe;J nfhs;s
    Kbfpd;wJ. ]p.tpapd; gy;NtW
    gilg;Gfs; Fwpj;Jk; Nguh
    rpupau; ifyhrgjp mtu;fs;

    Nfhl;ghl;lhsuhf ,y;yhj
    NghJk; ,lJrhup> khf;rpa>
    fk;Adpr nraw; ghl;lhsu;fs;
    ,ilNa neUf;fkhd cwT
    nfhz;bUe;jij mwpa
    Kbfpd;wJ. mtuJ ,yf;fpa
    gilg;Gfspd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij
    czu;e;jtu;fshf ,lJrhup
    Njhou;fSk; ]p.tpAld; cwT
    fisg; NgzpAs;sikia
    vLj;Jf;fhl;Ltjhf
    mike;Js;sJ.
    kiyaf kf;fspd; tUif
    iaAk; tuyhw;iwAk;
    Mq;fpyj;jpy; gjpT nra;Js;s
    Donovan Mouldrich mtu;fs;
    rp.tpapd; Born to Labour jd;id
    fz;zPupy; Mo;j;jpajhf
    Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shu;. 1988 Mk;
    Mz;L Donovan Mouldrich
    mtu;fs; ]p.tpapd; jpUkjp
    NtYg;gp;s;isf;F vOjpAs;s
    fbjj;jpy; ,t;thW Fwpg;gpl;L
    s;shu;. I had the privilege of
    knowing your husband for many
    years. He encouraged me in the
    writing of Two books about the
    plantation workers.
    mNjNeuk; jdJ E}Yf;F
    vOjpAs;s Kd;Diuapy;>
    'Mr.Vellayan who killed himself
    through overwork died on 2nd
    November 1971 at the age of 52.
    Mr.Velupillai died on 19
    November 1984 at the age of 71. I
    hope this Book and its sequel on
    the tea workers will help to
    perpetuate their lifelong dedicated
    service to the working class
    movement.'

    vd $wp jdJ E}iy mtu;f


    Sf;F rku;g;gzk; nra;Js;shu;.
    gwq;fpa ,dj;jtuhd

    29

    Mf - nrg; 2014
    nlhdtd; Nkhy;upr; mtu;fis
    kiyaf kf;fs; rhu;e;J
    tuyhw;W gjpit vOjitj;j
    rf;jp ]p.tpapd; Mq;fpy
    vOj;Jf;fSf;F ,Ue;Js;sik
    ,q;F mtjhdpf;fj;jf;fJ.

    ]p.tpapd; vOj;Jf;fs;
    kPjhd tpku;rdk;
    vJ vt;thW mike;j NghJk;
    rp.tp.mtu;fsJ vOj;Jf;fSk;
    tpku;rdj;Jf;F mg;ghw;gl;ljhf
    ,Uf;ftpy;iy. 'ehlw;wtu;
    fij' E}Yf;F Kd;Diu
    vOjpAs;s ,u.rptypq;fk;
    mtu;fSk;> 'rp.tpapd; ,yf;fpa
    Nehf;F - fhyKk; fUj;Jk;'
    vDk; jiyg;gpy; Ma;thsu;
    nydpd; kjpthdk; mtu;fs;
    vOjpAs;s tpku;rd Fwpg;gpYk;

    CV Velupillai writes for the last 35


    years and yet he says that he is not
    a poet nor a writer,
    'the subject I have chosen made me
    what I am'

    rp.tp mtu;fs; jhNd


    jd;idg;gw;wpf; nfhz;bUf;Fk;
    kjpg;gPL gw;wp vOjpapUf;Fk;
    Nf.v];. rptFkhud; mtu;fs;
    vOjpapUf;Fk; ,e;jf; Fwpg;G
    Kf;fpakhdJ. mNjNeuk;>

    Vwf;Fiwa xNu tpjkhd


    tpku;rdk; Kd;itf;fg;gl;L
    s;sJ. mjhtJ rp.tpapd; vOj;J
    f;fs; kiyaf tho;tpaypd;
    Jd;gpay; mk;rq;fis Kd;dp
    Wj;jpa msTf;F mtu; tho;e;j
    fhyj;jpy; epfo;e;j Nghuhl;lq;
    fisNah Kidg;Gw;w kf;fs;
    vOr;rpfisNah mtu; gjpT
    nra;atpy;iy vd;gJjhd; me;j
    tpku;rdkhFk;.

    1982Mz;L June 15 Mk; jpfj


    Nguhrpupau; ifyhrgjp
    mtu;fSf;F vOjpapUf;Fk;
    fbjk; xd;wpy; rp.tp. mtu;fs;
    gpd;tUkhW Fwpg;gpLfpd;whu;.

    ,u.rptypq;fk; jdJ tpku;rdj;


    Jf;F jhNd nrhy;Yk; gjpyhf
    ,t;thW vOJfpwhu;.
    'njhopw;rq;f tho;f;ifapy;
    Ruz;Lk; rf;jpfis ,dk;
    fz;Lk; mtw;iw nty;y
    Kbahky; jhkhfNt xJq;fpr;
    nry;yNtz;ba mDgtj;ijg;
    ngw;w ftpQdpd; ftpijfspy;
    NtjidiaAk; tpk;kiyAk;
    jhd; fhz KbANk jtpu
    vf;fhsj;ijak;> miw
    $tiyAk; fhzKbahJ
    Nghdjpy; tpag;gpy;iy"
    vd;fpwhu;.

    'In Ceylon's Tea Garden' was


    written during and after the 1952
    satyagragaha performed before the
    prime minister's office.vdNt

    mNjNeuk; 1971 Mk;


    Mz;lstpy; khj;jisapy;
    eilngw;w gpuhe;jpa ,yf;fpa

    30

    khehl;by; kiyaf ,yf;fpak;


    Fwpj;j fl;Liu xd;iw thrpj;j
    rp.tp.NtYg; gps;isapd;
    ,yf;fpa gzpfs; gw;wp Fwpg;G
    xd;iw vOjpapUf;Fk;
    jpwdha;thsu;
    Nf.v];.rptFkhud; ,t;thW
    njuptpf;fpd;whu;.

    ;The wayfarer verses which you


    have read were written in 1946
    when I led the famous Kneversmere
    Harthal of 75000 workers in Hatton
    Region'

    mtuJ Nehf;fpy; jhNd


    Kd;dpd;W topelhj;jpa
    njhopyhsu; `u;j;jhy; xd;iw
    Kd;dpWj;jp vOjpa
    'topg;Nghf;fd;' vd;fpw ftpij
    ehlfk; kw;Wk; FbAupik
    gwpg;Gf;F vjpuhf jhd;
    gq;Fnfhz;l> gpujku;
    mYtyfj;Jf;F Kd;ghf
    eilngw;w rj;jpahfpuf
    Nghuhl;lj;jpid ',yq;ifj;
    Njapiyj; Njhl;lj;jpNy" vDk;
    neLq;ftpij Nghd;wtw;iwj;
    jhd; gilg;ghf;fpAs;sjhfNt

    Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shu;. mtuJ
    ghu;itapy; mtu; jdJ
    r%fj;jpw;fhd Nguhl;lj;ij
    gjpT nra;Js;sjhfNt
    fUJfpd;whu; vd;W
    nfhs;syhk;.
    mtUk; xU njhopw;rq;fmurpaiyr;rhu;e;jtu; vd;w
    tifapy; mtu; rhuhj murpay;>
    njhopw;rq;f gz;ghl;L
    ,af;fq;fspd; nraw;ghL
    fisNah Nghuhl; lq;fisNah
    Fwpg;gpLtjpy; ,Ue;J jd;id
    jtpu;j;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fyhk;.
    ,jid xU ,yf;fpa Neu;ik
    ahf nfhs;tjh? my;yJ
    ,Ul;l bg;ghff; nfhs;tjh
    vd;gJ tpthjj;Jf;F cupaJ.
    vt;thW mike;jNghJk; rp.tp
    mtu;fNs vOjp itj;jJNghy;

    Mog; Gije;j
    Njapiyr; nrbapd;
    mbapw; Gije;j
    mg;gdpd; rpijNky;
    Vio kfDk;
    Vwpkpjpj;J
    ,q;nftu; thoNth
    jd;Dapu; jUtd;

    vd kiyaf kf;fspd;
    epiyikia me;j me;j
    ftpQdpd; fy;yiwia ghu;j;J
    tsu;e;j gy MSikfisf;
    'klnfhk;giu kz;"
    fz;Ls;sikahdJ> rp.tpapd;
    ',dpg;glkhl;Nld;" vd;w
    fdtpd; ngWNgwhff;
    nfhs;syhk;

    ]p.tp - vq;fs; `PNuh


    ]p.tp.NtYg;gps;is mtu;f
    Sf;Fg;gpd; ,.njh.fh tpy;
    vk;.v];. nry;yr;rhkp> uNk];
    Nghd;w murpay;thjpfSk;>
    kiyaf kf;fs; Kd;dzpapy;
    tp.b.ju;kypq;fk; vDk; fy;tp
    apay;> fiy ,yf;fpa> murpay;
    MSikAk; =ghj fy;tpapay;
    fy;Y}upapy; cggPlhjpgjpahfj;
    jpfOk; t. nry;tuh[h Nghd;w

    Mf - nrg; 2014
    fy;tpapay; r%f fiy> ,yf;fpa
    MSikAk; njhopyhsu; Njrpa
    rq;fj;ij kPsf;fl;bnaOg;
    gpajpy; gq;Nfw;W mjd;
    jiytuhfTk; ghuhSkd;w
    cWg;gpduhfTk; jpfOk; godp
    jpfhk;guk; vd;w murpay;
    thjpAk; cUthd kz;zhf
    klnfhk;giukz; jd;id
    tuyhw;wpy; gjpT nra;J
    nfhz;Ls;sJ.
    mNj klnfhk;giu kz;zpy;
    gpwe;jtdhf> ,d;W ]p.tpapd;
    epidTiuia jiyefupy;
    Mw;Wk; ghf;fpak; ngw;wtdhf
    ehDk; ngUkpjk; milfp
    d;Nwd;;. klnfhk;giu
    kz;zpd; ike;ju;fshd
    vq;nfSf;nfy;yhk;
    '`PNuhthf" jpfOk;
    ]p.tp.NtYg;gps;isapd;
    mu;g;gzpg;ghd tho;Tk;
    gzpAk; ,d;W 100tJ
    [ddjpdj;jpy; epidT
    $ug;gLtJNghy; ,d;Dk; gy
    E}W Mz;Lfs; epidT
    $ug;gLtJ jpz;zk;.

    Mq;fpy %y E}y;
    ntspaPL:

    Harrison Peiris,
    Talangama - 1954

    jkpohf;fk; ftpQu; rf;jP ghy Iah


    Kjw;gjpg;G- 1969
    ntspaPL:
    uh.K. ehfypq;fk;
    nra;jpg; gjpg;gfk; >
    fz;b

    ]p.tpapd; Gfo;ngw;w 'In Ceylon's Tea Garden' vDk; Mq;fpy


    neLq; f tpij E}y; ky; y pag; G re; j p jpyfupd; ghf; f pah
    gjpg;gfj;jpdhy; ftpQu; rf;jP ghy Iah mtu;fspdhy; jkpohf;fk;
    nra;ag;gl;l ',yq;ifj; Njapiyj; Njhl;lj;jpNy" vDk; E}Yk;
    xd;whf ,izf;fg;gl;LxNu njhFg;ghf 2007 nrg;. 29k; jpfjp
    `l;ld; D.K.W. kz;lgj;jpy; ntspaplg;gl;lJ.

    1984k; Mz;L fyhepjp Fkhup [atu;jd mtu;fs; ]p.tp. NtYg;gps;is


    mtu;fSf;F vOjpa fbjk;

    31

    Mf - nrg; 2014

    kiyafj;jpd;
    tpirj; jsj;ij
    tbtikj;j

    Mf;f epiyapYk; mofpay;


    epiyapYk; kiyaf
    ,yf;fpak; vd;w jdpj;Jt
    myfpid cUthf;fpa
    Kd;NdhbfSs; xUtu;
    rp.tp.NtYg;gps;is vd;w
    kf;fs; gilg;ghsp. ,e;jpa
    tpLjiy ,af;fk;> fhe;jpa
    miy> jkpofj;jpNy Njhw;wk;
    ngw;w Gjpa vOj;J tbtq;fs;>
    ftpauru; jh$upd; mofpaw;
    rpe;jidfspd; ftpg;G> Mq;fpy
    nkhop thapyhd khu;r;rpar;
    rpe;jidfspd; guty;> Gyk;
    ngau; tho;f;ifapd; mtyq;fs;
    gpd;Gyq;fspy; ,Ue;J
    NknyOe;j rpU\;bahsu; jhd;
    rp.tp. mtu;fs;.

    ,t;thz;L mtupd; E}w;whz;L.


    r%f tpidg;ghl;lhsuhfTk;
    (Activist) xLf;FKiw
    tpLtpLg;G ,af;f ,yf;fpa
    thjpahfTk; tpsq;fpa mtupd;
    E}w;whz;L fdjpahd fUj;jpaw;
    rpe;jidfis kPs mUl;b
    tpLfpd;wJ. mtuJ gjpTf
    spdJk; gq;fspg;Gf;fspdJk;
    mUl;ly;fspdJk; njhlu;r;rp
    kiyafj;jpy; njhlu;e;J ePz;L
    nfhz;NlapUf;fpd;wJ. me;j ePs;
    tsu;r;rpia 1987 Mk; Mz;bNy
    juprpj;j ,u.rptypq;fk; mtu;fs;
    gpd;tUkhW Fwpg;gpLfpd;whu;.

    Nguhrpupau;

    rgh n[auhrh

    Fwpg;gpLfpd;whu;.
    mf;fhyj;jpy; kiya
    fj;jpy; cs;s xUtu;
    Mq;fpyj;jpy; ftpij
    vOJfpd;whu; vd;gJ
    tpaf;fj;jf;f rhjid
    ahfpd;wJ. ,yq;ifapy;
    Gjpa ,yf;fpak;
    mUk;gpf; nfhz;bUe;j
    Muk;gf; fhy fl;lj;
    jpNyNa kiyaf
    ,yf;fpaKk; kzk;
    tPrpaJ vd;why; ekJ
    ftpQu; vj;jifa rhjid
    Gupe;Js;shu; vd;gij ehk;
    czu Ntz;Lk;.

    .
    .
    Kd;Ndhbg; guk;giuapd;
    KJik vOj;jhsu; kiwe;J
    tpl;lhu;. mtuJ thuprhf
    ,d;DnkhU guk;giu
    ,yq;ifapy; kiyafj;jpy;
    tsu;e;J tUfpwJ. Vf;fg;
    ngU%r;R tpLtjw;fhf my;y
    tPufhtpak; gilg;gjw;fhf
    (ehlw;wtu; fij Kd;Diu)
    fhydpj;Jt fhyj;jpy; Mq;fpyf;
    fy;tp top Cl;lk; ngw;w
    rp.tp.mtu;fs; Mo;e;j thrpg;Gg;
    gpd;Gyj;NjhLk; kiyafj;Jj;
    jsuh tho;f;ifapd;
    mtyq;fis CLUtpf; fhZk;
    Gyf; fhl;rpNahLk; vOjg;
    GFe;jhu;. ftpauru; jh$upd;
    vOj;Jf;fspy; tpidg;gl;Lf;
    nfhz;bUe;j mofpay; tpir
    rp.tp. mtu;fsJ Mf;f
    Kaw;rpia NkYk; mUl;b
    tpl;lJ.

    ,UgJ tajpNy ,isQu; rp.tp.


    vOjj; njhlq;fp tpl;lhu;.
    jh$upd; vOj;Jf;fis
    ,yl;rpa khjpupiffshff;
    nfhz;L gj;kh[pdp vd;w
    Mq;fpy ,ir ehlfj;ij
    vOjpdhu;. jh$u; ,yq;iff;F
    te;jnghOJ me;j vOj;ij
    mtuplk; rku;g;gpj;J Mrp
    ngw;Wf; nfhz;lhu;. jh$upd;
    mofpaw; rpe;jidfs;
    mf;fhyj;jpy; tpir nfhz;l
    tbtkhf NknyOe;jpUe;jJ.
    1930Mk; Mz;by; kiyaf
    ,yf;fpak; njhlu;ghd
    mtjhdpg;ig ,u.rptypq;fk;
    mtu;fs; gpd;tUkhW

    32

    kiyaf kf;fspd; Mo; kdg;


    gjpTfNshL CLUtpa
    ehl;lhu; ,yf;fpaq;fisj;
    juprpg;gjd; thapyhf Mo;e;j
    mDgtq;fspd; fiyr;
    RtLfis ntspf; nfhz;L tu
    KbAk; vd;w fUj;jpy; rp.tp.
    ek;gpf;if nfhz;bUe;jhu;.
    mf;fhyj;jpy; ftpauru; jh$Uk;
    tq;fj;J ehl;lhu; fiyfis
    kPl;LUthf;fy; nra;tjpy;
    <Lgl;bUe;jik njhlu;Ggl;l
    rkfhy epfo;r;rpahFk;. ngUk;
    fiyr; nry;tj;ijg;
    ghJfhf;Fk; Kaw;rpapy; <Lgl;l
    rp.tp. mtu;fs; jkJ Kaw;rpf;Fj;
    Jiz Gupe;j v];.Kj;Jrhkp
    gz;lhuk;> jpUkjp re;jpuh
    ,uhirah> nry;tp rq;futbT
    nry;iyah> jpUkjp I. ey;y
    nry;tk;> jpUthsu;fs; rp.v];.
    fhe;jp> jP. rptypq;fk; MfpNahiu
    ed;wpAld; epidT $u;e;jpUj;jy;
    (khkd; kfNs ed;wpAiu> 1976)
    mtupd; Gyik Neu;ikiag;
    (Intellectual honesty) Gyg;gLj;J
    fpd;wJ.
    rp.tp. mtu;fsplj;J epiwe;
    jpUe;j kiyaf ehl;lhupay;
    Gyf;fhl;rp mtupd; gilg;
    Gf;fs; midj;jpYk; CLUtp
    gad; tpistpf;Fk; mofpaiy
    Njhw;Wtpj;jJ. me;j vOr;rpia
    K.epj;jpahde;jd; gpd;tUkhW
    Fwpg;gpLfpd;whu;.
    'kiyaf ehl;lhu; tof;fpy;
    rp.tp. NtYg;gps;isf;Fs;s
    Mo;e;j Nju;r;rp ,e;ehtypy;
    tUk; fjhg;ghj;jpuq;fspd;
    ciuahly;fis nrOikg;
    gLj;Jtjpy; ,tUf;F epiwaNt
    if nfhLj;jpUf;fpwJ.
    (tPlw;wtd; ehty; - 1984)

    Mf - nrg; 2014
    rp.tp. mtu;fspd; MSik
    apidAk; xLf;F Kiwf;F
    vjpuhd fofj;ij cUthf;Fk;
    vOj;jhf;f typikapidAk;
    Gyg;gLj;Jk; Mf;fq;fSs;
    tPlw;wtd; ehty; Kf;fpakhdJ.
    mtu; jkpopy; vOjpa me;j
    ehty; tPuNfrupapy; Kjypy;
    ntspte;jJ.
    me;E}y; ntspaplg;gl;lNtis
    rp.tp vOjpa Kd;Diuapy; rpy
    Kf;fpakhd gjpTfis
    je;Js;shu;. mit tUkhW:
    m) fhyk; fhykhf
    Jd;gf;Nfzpapy; cod;w
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    160 tUlq;fSf;F Kd;
    ,yq;ifapd; Njapiy
    Nfhg;gp Njhl;lq;fSf;Fs;
    fhyb vLj;J itj;jhu;fs;.
    M) fly; fle;J ,yq;if te;J
    Nru;e;j ,e;jpa jkpod;
    jdJ fg;gYf;fhd
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    my;y. topapy; cz;l
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    njhopyhspapd; nkhj;j
    FLk;g tUkhdk; khjk;
    xd;Wf;F Ik;gj;jpnuz;L
    &ghitj; jhz;ltpy;iy.
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    iuNa rhd;whfTs;sJ. ,uz;L

    gf;fq;fSs; mike;j me;j


    Kd;Diuapy; ftdj;Jf;Fupa
    gy jfty;fis ngw;W epiw
    tpj;jpUj;jy; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.
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    fhLfspd; elg;gpay;
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    ghd njd; mnkupf;f rpe;jid
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    Mf;fq;fis jkJ Mq;fpy
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    ,e;j ehtypy; tUk;
    ghj;jpuq;fs; elg;gpay;
    nka;ikia kpfj; njspthf
    gpujpgypf;fpd;wd. ntWk;
    ghu;itahsdhf epy;yhJ gq;F
    nfhz;L> jdJ ePz;l njhopw;
    rq;f mDgtj;ij jhd; juprpj;j
    mtyq;fis Nghuhl;lq;fis
    Kuz;ghLfis rp.tp NtYg;
    gps;is ,e;ehtypNy El;gkhf
    ntspf; nfhzu;e;jpUf;fpd;whu;.
    xLf;F Kiw tpLtpg;G
    mofpaYf;Fwpa tpidg;gLk;>
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    Neu;fhl;rpj; juprdq;fSlhf
    rp.tp mtu;fs; cUthf;fp
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    mjw;Fwpa tifkhjpupahd Xu;
    vLj;Jf;fhl;L tUkhW:
    'Mdhy; E}w;iwk;gJ
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    jha;> fu;g;gk; jhq;fpa kidtp>
    mts; tapw;wpy; tsUk; rpR>
    MNzh ngz;Nzh ,dk;
    njupahj capu; ,itfnsy;yhk;
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    rp.tp mtu;fspd; gpwpnjhU
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    vd;gJk; tPuNfrup thu
    ntspaPl;bNy njhluhf
    ntspte;J gpd;du; kJiu
    kPdhl;rp Gj;jf epiyaj;jpduhy;
    Eyhf;fk; ngw;wJ. mjid E}y;
    tbtpy; nfhz;Ltu Ntz;Lk;
    vd;gjd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij
    rpjk;gu uFehjd;> Nguhrpupau;

    ifyhrgjp> lhf;lu; v];.,uhk


    fpU\;zd; MfpNahu;
    typAWj;jpaJld; mjw;fhd
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    nrg;gKk; nfhz;l rp.tpapd;
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    nfhz;l cs;slf;fj;jpd;
    Ez;zpa myFfis ,Wfg;
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    muq;fpd; (Theatre of the
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    epiwtpy; rp.tpapd; trdq;fs;
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    fpuf Nghuhl;lk; elj;jpa
    typikahd cs;sKk;
    cilatu;fs;. kdpjd; J}rp
    ahf;fg;gl;lNghJ me;j
    J}rpapypUe;J Gdu;n[d;kk;
    vLj;J tUk; jdpj;Jtk;
    kdpjDf;F khj;jpuKz;L>
    vd;gij ehd; vq;Nfh thrpj;j
    Qhgfk;
    ,dpg;glkhl;Nld; ehtYf;
    Fupa eaTiuia E}yhrpup
    aUf;F fbjkhf vOjpa
    Nguhrpupau; f.ifyhrgjp
    mtu;fs; rptpapd; nrhe;j
    mDgtq;fspd; nka;epiy
    E}yhf ,Uj;jiy Rl;bf;
    fhl;bdhu;.
    Nguhrpupau; f.ifyhrgjp>
    Nguhrpupau; fh.rptj;jk;gp
    MfpNahUf;Fk; rp.tp mtu;f
    Sf;Fk; kiyaf kf;fs;
    ,yf;fpak; njhlu;ghd Mo;e;j
    fUj;J tpidg;ghLfs; epfo;e;J
    te;Js;sd. me;j Clhl;lk;
    kiyaf ,yf;fpaj;jpd; jdpj;J
    tj;NjhL ,ize;J Clhl;
    lkhf ,Ue;jJ. mjd; ePl;rpahf
    kiyaf ,yf;fpaj;jpd;
    'mNjhupl;bahf rp.tpia
    mtu;fs; mq;fPfupj;jdu; vd;W
    rhuy;ehld; Fwpg;gpLjy; xU
    Kf;fpakhd gjpthf cs;sJ.
    me;j kjpg;gPNl tlf;F fpof;F
    khfhzq;fspy; epfo;e;j
    ,yf;fpar; re;jpg;Gf;fspy;

    33

    Mf - nrg; 2014
    rp.tpapd; gq;Fgw;wiy
    Kf;fpaj;Jtg;gLj;jpaJ. mtupd;
    fUj;Jf;fNs kiyafj;jpd;
    fiy ,yf;fpa kdr;rhd;whf
    Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;ld.
    rp.tpapd; gd;Kf MSikg;
    gupkhzq;fis khkd; kfNs
    Kd;Diuapy; Nguhrpupau;
    f.ifyhrgjp gpd;tUkhW
    Fwpg;gpLfpd;whu;.
    'Mrpupauha;> njhopw;
    rq;fthjpaha;> ehlhSkd;w
    cWg;gpduha;> murpay;
    gpuKfuha;> ,yf;fpa fu;j;jh
    tha;> gj;jpupif vOj;jhsuha;
    vd;W mLf;fpr; nry;fpd;whu;.
    rp.tp NahL neUq;fp
    cwthbaikahy; xt;Nthu;
    MSikg; gupkhzj;ijAk;
    mtu; vt;thW tpidjpwDld;
    Nkw;nfhz;lhu; vd;gij
    neLq;fhy el;gpd; topahf ,U
    Nguhrpupau;fSk; mwpe;J
    nfhz;ldu;. me;j mDgtq;
    fis mtu;fs; vOj;J
    tbtpYk; ciuauq;FfspYk;
    gy epiyfspNyNa gjpT
    nra;jdu;.
    rp.tp.apd; ftpj;Jtk; jdpj;Jtk;
    kpf;fJ. fpuhkpa kzKk; cyf
    ,yf;fpag; GupjYk; kiyaf
    tho;tpd; Jauq;fSld;
    ,ize;j vOr;rpr; rpwfbg;Gk;
    nfhz;l nrYq;fyitg;
    gilaiyr; r%fj;jpd; mbj;j
    sj;jpy; thOk; kf;fspd;
    fhybfspy; itf;Fk; gutyhf
    mtuJ ftpijfs; mike;J
    s;sd. 1983 k; Mz;bNy
    nfhOk;Gj; jkpo;r; rq;fj;jpy;
    Nguhrpupau; f.ifyhrgjp
    mtu;fs; kf;fs; ftpkzp vd;w
    gl;lj;ij rp.tpf;F #l;baik
    ,q;F Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.
    rp.tpapd; Mq;fpyf; ftpijfis
    rf;jP.ghyIah jkpopy; nkhop
    ngau;j;jhu;. xU nkhopapy;
    ,Ue;J ,d;ndhU ftpijiag;
    ngau;g;Gr; nra;jy; vd;gJ
    kpfTk; fbdkhd gzp.
    ftpijia nkhop ngau;f;Fk;
    nghOJ ,of;fg;gLtJ ftpij
    jhd; vd;w fUj;Jk; cz;L.
    MapDk; rf;jP m.ghyIah
    mtu;fSk; ftpQu; rp.tp.
    mtufSk; xNu Jauq;fSs;Sk;
    xNu gz;ghl;Lf; ftpg;gpD
    s;Sk; xNu ,yl;rpag;
    ghijapYk; te;jtu;

    34

    fshifapdhy; nkhop ngau;g;G


    Mq;fpyg; gpujpf;F ,izahd
    tifapy; Mf;fk; ngw;Ws;sJ.
    ghy Iah mtu;fspd; ftpj;Jtk;
    ftpij nkhopngau;g;gpd; moFr;
    nrk;ikapy; CLUtpAs;sJ.
    rptp mtu;fspd; Mf;fg;
    gzpfis Nehf;Fk;nghOJ
    me;j vOj;JUf;fisg;
    ghJfhj;J ntspf; nfhz;L
    te;jtu;fSk; mtuJ epidT
    fisg; gjpT nra;jtu;fSkhfpa
    ftpkzp rp.v];.fhe;jp> nra;jp
    ,jo; epWTdu; ,uhK
    ehfypq;fk;> ghf;ah gjpg;gfg;
    gjpg;ghrpupau; kapy;thfdk;
    jpyfuhrh> kiyafj;jpd;
    KJngUk; vOj;jhsu; j.ma;ah
    Jiu (khj;jis Nuhfpzp)>
    rhuy;ehld;> me;jdp [Pth>
    Nf.nghd;Dj;Jiu> njsptj;ij
    N[hrg; KjypNahu; Fwpg;gplj;
    jf;ftu;fs;. xLf;FKiw
    fisAk; Ruz;ly;
    mtyq;fisAk; vjpu;j;Jf;
    ftpij Gide;j rpyp ehl;Lf;
    ftpQu; ghg;Nyh neUlh> &rpaf;
    ftpQu; tpshbkpu; kha
    Nfht;];fp> ];ghdpaf; ftpQu;
    nyhu;fh MfpNahUld; rp.tpapd;
    ftpijfis xg;Gik nfhs;Sk;
    [f;NkhfDila gjpT kpfTk;
    Kf;fpakhdJ. kiyaf
    ,yf;fpaj; jsj;ijAk; Njrpa
    ,yf;fpaj;jsj;ijAk; fle;J
    cyf ,yf;fpaj; jsj;Jf;F
    vLj;Jr; nrd;wtu; rp.tp mtu;fs;.
    mNjNtis kiyafj;J
    tho;it Mf;f ntspf;Ff;
    nfhz;L tUk; vOj;jhsu;
    fSf;Fupa topfhl;liyAk;
    nrt;tpa gilg;Gj; jsj;ijAk;
    cUthf;fpAs;shu;.
    vypal;bd; Mq;fpyf; ftpij
    fspd; mofpaw; ghq;NfhL
    rp.tpapd; ftpijfs; xg;Gik
    nfhs;sj; jf;fitaha;
    ,Ug;gpDk; cs;slf;f epiyapy;
    mtu; ,aw;ifNahL cwthLk;
    kNdhujpaf; ftpQuhf
    ,Uf;ftpy;iy. xLf;FKiw
    mtyq;fSk; mtw;iw
    tpLtpf;Fk; czu;r;rpf;nfhg;
    gspg;Gk; nfhz;l ftpQuhfNt
    mtu; tpsq;fpdhu;. rp.tpapd;
    ftpijg; gbtkq;fis
    ,yq;ifapd; Gfo; G+j;j
    Xtpauhfpa kd;ArpwP Xtpag;
    gbkq;fshfpa epiyapy;
    1956Mk; Mz;by; ,yq;ifj;

    Njapiyj; Njhl;lj;jpNy Kjw;


    gjpg;G ntspte;jJ. ,uz;lh
    tJ gjpg;G 2007 Mk; Mz;by;
    me;E}y; ghf;fpah gjpg;gj;jhy;
    ntspaplg;gl;lJ.
    ,yf;fpag; gq;fspg;NghL
    rp.tpapd; murpaw; gq;fspg;Gk;
    njhopw;rq;fg; gq;fspg;Gk;
    Kf;fpakhd gjpTfSf;Fupait.
    ,dq;fspdJk; gpuNjrq;f
    spdJk; nkhopfspdJk;
    jdpj;Jtq;fisg; ghJfhf;Fk;
    murpaNy mtupd; ,yf;fhf
    ,Ue;jJ.
    mj;jifa ,yf;F mtuJ
    vOj;jhf;fq;fspYk; ehlhS
    kd;w cWg;gpduhf ,Ue;j
    fhyj;Jg; Ngr;Rf;fspYk;
    njhlu;e;J mtuJ njhopw;rq;f
    eltbf;iffspYk; ePl;rp
    nfhz;lJ. 1947Mk; Mz;bd;
    ehlhSkd;w Nju;jypy; mtu;
    ,yq;if ,e;jpa fhq;fpu];
    rhu;gpy; njupTf;Fs;shdhu;.
    ngUe;Njhl;lj;Jiwj; njhopyh
    su;fspd; fl;Lj;jisfis
    cilj; njwpjYk; midj;Jk;
    jOtpa tpLjiyAkpd;wp
    kiyaf murpay; nghUz;
    ikaw;wjhfptpLk; vd;gJ
    mtupd; fUj;J. fl;Lj;jis
    fisj; jfu;f;Fk; vOr;rp
    mbfNs Njapiyj; Njhl;
    lj;jpNy ftpijapd; ,Wjpg;
    gFjpfspy; ePl;rp nfhs;fpd;wd.
    me;jj; jsj;jpypUe;J mtupd;
    murpay; Nehf;if thrpg;Gr;
    nra;ayhk;.
    rp.tp apd; vOj;Jf;fspy;
    cWjpAk; typikAk;
    NkNyhq;fpapUe;jd. mNj
    Ntis mtw;Ws; xLf;fg;
    gl;Nlhu; khDlk; capu;g;Gf;
    nfhz;Ls;sJ.

    ]p.tp.
    NtYg;gps;is
    mtu;fspd;
    KjyhtJ E}y;
    tp];kh[pdp.
    Mq;fpy
    ftpij ehlf
    E}yhd ,J 1934Mk;
    Mz;L nfhOk;G Nyf; `T];
    gj;jpupif epWtdj;jpdhy;
    ntspaplg;gl;Ls;sJ
    .

    Mf - nrg; 2014
    kiyaf %j;j ftpQUk;
    vOj;jhsUk;> murpay;>
    njhopw;rq;f> r%ftpayhs
    Ukhd kf;fs; ftpkzp
    ]p.tp.NtYg;gps;isapd;
    E}w;whz;L tpoh 14.09.2014
    ,j;jpdj;jpid ehl;by;
    gy;NtW mikg;G Kd;ndLj;J
    tUtJ rpwg;gk;rkhFk;.

    nray;gl;L Gjpa ,sk;


    rKjhaj;jpdUf;F
    topfhl;bahf tho;e;jtu;.
    kiyafj;jpd; elkhLk;
    gy;fiyfofk; vd;w jfik
    mtUf;Fupa ngUikahFk;.
    kiyaf kf;fs; ghj;jpuk; gw;wp
    Muha;e;J guPl;irf;F vOJk;
    gy;fiyfof khztu;fs;

    jiyapy; Nghl;lf; $il


    ,d;Wtiu ,wf;fp
    itf;ftpy;iy. mtu;fspd;
    fhdf tho;f;ifapy; khw;wk;
    ,y;iy. ,e;j r%fj;jpd;
    ciog;G Ruz;lg;gl;L
    mbikahf> FbapUf;f
    nrhe;jkhf tPL$l ,y;iy>
    ciog;Gf;Nfw;w Cjpak;
    ,y;iy. ,e;j kf;fs; Kd;Ndw;
    wj;jpy; murhq;fk; mf;fiu
    nfhz;ljpy;iy.
    mtu;fSf;F jiyik
    jhq;fpa Gfo;ngw;w
    kdpju;fSk; mf;fiu
    nfhz;ljpy;iy. md;W
    FbAupik gwpf;fg;gl;l
    mbikahf tho;e;j
    tu;fs;. FbAupik ngw;w
    fhyj;jpy; Ruz;lYf;F
    mbikahf tho;fpd;
    whu;fs; vd;W mbf;fb
    nrhy;yp ftiyg;gLthu;.
    ,tu; ,yf;fpaj;jpd;
    %ykhf ,e;j kf;fspd;
    fPo;epiyia> mbik
    epiyapid cyfwpa
    nra;jtu;. Mq;fpy
    nkhopapy; vOjpaij
    gw;wp nrhy;Yk;NghJ
    ekJ Fiwfs; ekf;F
    njupe;J gpuNahrdk;
    ,y;iy. ehl;L kf;fSk; cyf
    kf;fSk; mwptJ %yk; ,e;j
    epiyf;F ru;tNjrk; mOj;jk;
    Vw;gLk; vd;gjhFk;.

    kiyafk; vd;why; ]p.tp.


    fpaj;jpy;
    ]p.tp. vd;why; kiyafk; mtUilakf;,yf;
    fspd; cz;ik
    b.ma;ahJiu

    jiytu; - njhopyhsu; tpLjiy Kd;dzp

    kf;fs; ftpkzp ]p.tp. NtYg;


    gps;is mtu;fSld; fhy;
    E}w;whz;Lf;F Nkyhf
    ,ize;J gzpahw;wpa
    fhyj;ij vd; tho;f;ifapy;
    nghw;fhyk; vd;w kdepiwT
    vdf;F cz;L.
    mtUila vLg;ghd Njhw;wk;>
    neQ;rk;> epkpu;e;j eil>
    Neu;nfhz;lg; ghu;it>
    Mwbf;F Fiwahj cauk;>
    nrf;frpte;j Nkdp> Gd;dif
    Kfk;> vtiuAk; Rz;b
    ,Of;Fk; fhe;j ghu;it
    ,j;jid rpwg;Gf;Fupa kdpjuhf
    jpfo;e;jtu;.
    ,yf;fpak;> murpay;> njhopw;
    rq;fk;> r%f rpe;jid> kiyaf
    jkpo; kf;fspd; tpbT vd;W
    vy;yh mk;rq;fspYk;
    czu;NthL ghrj;NjhL

    ,tiu re;jpf;f tUthu;fs;.


    mtu;fis ,d;Kfj;Jld;
    tuNtw;W NjdPu; toq;fp te;j
    tplaj;Jf;F nry;thu;.
    $il jiy NkNy
    Fbtho;f;if fhdfj;jpy;

    ,Jjhd; kiyaf jkpo; kf;fs;


    rupj;jpuk; vd;W $wptpl;L
    mtu;fis ghu;j;J nkd;ik
    ahd Gd;dif xd;iw
    cjpu;j;Jtpl;L> Nfs;tpf;F gjpy;
    $Wk; MrhdhfptpLthu;.
    ekJ kf;fspd; tho;f;if
    Nfhg;gp Njapiy njhopiy
    gpwg;gplkhf nfhz;L ,UE}W
    Mz;LfSf;F Nkyhf
    ,j;njhopypy; clYiog;ghy;
    ,e;j ehl;bd; nghUshjhuj;jpd;
    KJnfOk;ghf cioj;J
    tUgtu;fs;. ,e;j kf;fs; md;W

    epiy> vjhu;j;j Nehf;F


    vd;gij kdjpy;
    nfhz;L vOjg;gl;l
    itahFk;. mjdhy; cyf
    kf;fspd; ,yf;fpathjpfspd;
    ftdj;ij <u;e;j mtUf;F
    Gfo;Nru;e;jJ. kiyafk; mq;F
    thOk; kf;fs; jdpj;Jtkhd
    gz;ghLfs; fiy fyhrhu
    mk;rq;fisAk; nfhz;L
    thOk; kf;fs; vd;gij
    giurhw;wg;gl;Ls;sJ.
    ,yf;fpaj;jpy; fhl;ba nkd;ik
    mtUila murpay; njhopw;
    rq;f gzpapd;NghJ Mj;jpuk;
    fye;j MNtrkhf ntspg;
    gl;lJ. ,jw;F gy epfo;Tfis
    Fwpg;gplyhk;.
    nts;isJiukhupd; fl;Lg;
    ghl;il jfu;j;J Njhl;lq;fs;
    NjhWk; jpz;iz gs;spfis
    mikj;J fy;tp Gfw;w

    35

    Mf - nrg; 2014
    eltbf;if vLg;gjpy; Mu;tKk;
    mf;fiwAk; nfhz;bUe;jhu;.
    1939Mk; Mz;L ,yq;if
    ,e;jpa fhq;fpurpd; nrayhsu;
    fspy; xUtuhf gzpahw;wpa
    fhyj;jpy; ml;ld; jythf;fiy
    G+z;LNyhah gFjpapy; xNu
    Rw;wpy; 50000 mq;fj;jpdu;fis
    Nru;j;j ngUikf;Fupatu;.
    1946k; Mz;L al;bahe;
    njhl;il cUsts;sp Njhl;lj;
    njhopyhsu;fs; fhzp RtPf
    upg;ig Ml;Nrgpj;J elj;jpa
    Nghuhl;lj;jpw;F Mjuthf
    ml;ld; khepyj;jpy; 80000
    njhopyhsu;fis Ntiy
    epWj;jg; Nghuhl;lj;jpy;
    <LgLj;jpdhu;. ,J ,tUila
    njhopyhsu; tu;f;f czu;it
    ntspg;gLj;jpa
    Nghuhl;lkhFk;.
    1947k; Mz;by; ehl;by; eil
    ngw;w KjyhtJ ghuhSkd;w
    Nju;jypy; jythf;fiy
    njhFjpapy; Nghl;bapl;L
    ntw;wp ngw;W ghuhSkd;w
    cWg;gpduhf nrayhw;wpdhu;.
    1948 k; Mz;L FbAupik
    rl;lj;jpd; 18k; ,yf;f

    fl;lj;jpy; jpUj;jk; nfhz;L


    te;J ,yq;ifapy; tho;e;j gj;J
    ,yl;rk; kiyaf kf;fspd;
    FbAupik gwpf;fg;gl;lJ>
    mij Ml;Nrgpj;J gj;J
    ,yl;rk; kf;fis Nghuhl;
    lj;jpw;F miof;f Ntz;Lk;
    vd;w MNtrk; nrhj;Jlik
    As;s Kjyhspj;Jt jiyik
    fshy; epuhfupf;fg;gl;lik
    ,Wjpfhyk; tiu mtu; kdij
    mupj;J nfhz;bUe;jij czu
    $bajhf ,Ue;jJ.
    ,Jrk;ge;jkhf Mq;fpy
    gj;jpupifapy; vOjp jd;Dila
    MNtrj;ij ntspg;gLj;jp cyf
    kf;fspd; ftdj;ij jpUg;gpatu;.
    md;W njhl;L ,Wjptiu
    jd;Dila vOj;Jj;Jiwia
    rupahf gad;gLj;jpf;
    nfhz;ltu;. mjd; czu;it
    ehd; Neupy; czu;e;Njd;.
    kiyaf ngUe;Njhl;lj;
    njhopyhsu;fspd; r%fg;
    nghUshjhu> murpay;
    cupikfis ntd;nwLf;f>
    njhopyhsu; jiyikj;Jtk;
    nfhz;l njhopyhsu; Njrpa
    rq;fj;ij 1965 Nk Kjyhk; ehs;
    kiyaf mz;zh vd;W

    Gfog;gl;l tP.Nf.nts;isad;
    ];jhgpj;jhu;. ,e;j nfhs;ifia
    Vw;W kf;fs; ftpkzpAk; 1966k;
    Mz;L njhopyhsu; Njrpa
    rq;fj;jpy; ,ize;J gpujpj;
    jiytuhf> nghJr; nrayh
    suhf> epu;thf nghWg;ghsuhf
    gjtpfs; tfpj;J ,Wjptiu
    njhopyhsu; tsu;r;rpf;Fk;>
    mtu;fsJ rpe;jidia
    J}z;lTk; mauhJ cioj;jtu;.
    ehd; ,d;W njhopw;rq;f
    thjpahf> ,yf;fpathjpahf>
    murpay;thjpahf kiyafj;jpy;
    jiyikf;F Kd;Ndw;Wtjpy;
    ghupa gq;fspg;G nra;jtu;
    vd;gjhy;jhd; vd;Dila FU
    vd;W gfpuq;fkhf $wp
    te;Js;Nsd;.
    jdf;nfd;W thohJ Njhl;l
    njhopyhsu;fSf;fhf tho;e;j
    khkdpju; kf;fs; ftpkzp
    ]p.tp.NtYg;gps;is vd;why;
    mJ kpifahfhJ. mj;jifa
    kdpjdpd; Nritia czu;e;J
    kiyafk; tpoh vLg;gJ rpwe;j
    gz;ghL. kiyafk; vd;w
    nrhy;NyhL epiwthf thOk;
    kdpju; vd;gij Fwpg;gpl;lhf
    Ntz;Lk;.

    But as daughter of him, I too have the heart of thinking on the


    plantation Tamil community. They are in my heart. I too have
    the pain to uplift the down-trodden and marginalized
    community in this country.
    At this juncture, I am proudly look at this historical event...our
    Country is publishing a stamp on this centenary memorial day
    of my father. This honour is not meant only to my father but
    also this goes to the plantation workers who played a very vital
    role in the Sri Lankan economy.
    First of all, I take up this opportunity to extend my wholehearted greetings and my obligations to this historical
    function. As the daughter of my respected father late
    Mr.C.V.Velupillai I am very much pleasure to associate in
    this function.

    Once again, I take up this opportunity to thank his excellency


    President and Hon.Minister Jeevan Kumaranatunghe,
    Minister of Post and communication and Hon.Deputy
    Minister Palani Thigambaram , Mr. Thilagar and the
    members of National Union of Workers and all other social
    thinkers , social activists who were involved in this venture.

    Frankly talking at this gathering, I am not at all a poet like my ?Thank you.
    father..I am not a Play wright like my father!...I am not a
    story writer like my father.!. I am not a Novelist like my Mrs .Jean wimalasooriya
    father..! Also I am not a Trade unionist or a Politician like my Daughter of C.V.Velupillai
    father!

    36

    Mf - nrg; 2014

    2014-09-14
    ]p.tp. E}w;whz;L epidT ehs;
    kf;fs; ftpkzp ]p.tp.NtYg;gps;ismtu;fspd; 100tJ gpwe;jehs;.
    1952fspy; mtu; vOjpa 'In Ceylon's Tea Garden vDk;Mq;fpy
    neLq;ftpijj; njhFg;gpd; rpyMq;fpy tupfisAk; mjd;
    jkpohf;fkhf ftpQu; rf;jPghyma;ah je;j ',yq;ifj; Njapiyj;
    Njhl;lj;jpNy' vDk; neLq;ftpijapd; ,Wjp tupfs;...

    And so the tom-tom's throb


    That for a hundred years
    In fettered darkness held
    My bronze bodied men
    Shall sound yet again
    From the mountain heights
    to the valleys below
    with a clearer call
    with a surer call
    From their Vote less gloom
    From their stateless doom
    Of rights withered dross
    Shall wake another dawn
    In that matting hour
    Where once life decayed
    Shall spring a fire throb,
    In the breathing of men
    The tears and the sweat
    That for a hundred years
    Scattered on the dust
    Gathered unto the might
    Of a risen sun
    Shall be get a million men
    To march forwards and on
    To where great mornings wait
    For the tom-tom throb

    E}w;whz;L fhykha;
    Eioe;j ,t;tpUl;il
    NtNuhlopf;f
    vd; jkpo; kf;fs;
    $Wtu; rpfu
    cr;rpapy; Vwpf;
    $Wtu; jply;fs;
    ahq;qDkLf;fNt
    tpLjiyf; FuyJ
    ntw;wpf;FuyJ
    tPuf;FuyJ
    tpiue;njOk; Nfl;gPu;...
    mbikepiyia
    mfw;wTk; miof;Fk;
    md;Gf; FuyJ
    md;guPu; Nfl;gPu; !
    thf;FupikNahL
    tsehl;LupikAk;
    Cf;fKk; ntw;wp
    Xk;gpLk; fhyk;
    G+f;FNkae;jg;
    Gz;zpa ehs;jdpy;
    Mf;fk; Gupe;jtu;
    mikjp ,oe;jtu;
    %r;rpNy Rje;jpuj;
    jpUfye;jpLNk
    %r;rpNy tpLjiyr;
    Rfk; kyu;e;jpLNk
    Ngr;rpNy tPuKk;
    cWjpAk; khl;rpAk;
    gpwe;jpLk; ntw;wpg;
    ngUtho;thNk...

    37

    Mf - nrg; 2014

    epiy khw;wk; fz;L tUk;

    kiyehl;L jkpHu;

    Kjy; re;jpg;G
    kf;fs; ftpkzp rP.tP.NtYg;
    gps;isapd; Qhgfhu;j;jkhf
    ntF tpkup;irAld; Kj;jpiu
    ntspaPL cl;gl eilngWk;
    ,e;j E}w;whz;L tpohtpy;
    'epiykhw;wk; ngw;WtUk;
    kiyehl;L jkpou;" vd;w
    jiyg;gpy; ciuahw;w vd;id
    mioj;jpUg;gijnahl;b
    kfpo;r;rpailfpNwd;. ,ij
    nfsutkhff; fUJfpNwd;.
    vdf;F 1953k; Mz;lstpy;
    jhd; rP.tP NtYg;gps;isNahL
    gupr;rak; Vw;gl;lJ. ehd;
    ,yq;if njhopyhsu; fhq;fpu
    Rf;F te;jNj xU fijahFk;.
    ehd; jPtpukhf fk;Adpr
    fUj;JfspNy <LghL nfhz;b
    Ue;jtd;;. Kjypy; gPl;lu;
    nfdkd; mtu;fSk; jpU.
    rz;KfjhrDk; jhd; vd;id
    Idhg; m]p]{f;F mwpKfk;
    nra;J itj;jdu;. mjw;Fg;
    gpd;du; xU ehs; Idhg; mrP];
    tPl;by; rP.tP.NtYg;gps;isia
    re;jpj;jp Uf;fpNwd;. gpd;du;
    ehtyg; gpl;bapNy xU
    fhq;fpu]; khehL ele;jnghOJ
    vd;id xU Kf;fpakhd
    efug;gpuKfu; ,e;j
    kfhehl;bw;F mioj;Jr;
    nrd;whu;. mg;NghOJ jpU.
    njhz;lkhd; uhIypq;fk;.
    uhkhDIk; Nghd;w jiytu;
    fis mtu; vdf;F mwpKfk;
    nra;J itj;jhu;.
    kfhehl;bd; jiytu;> cg
    jiytu;> nrayhsu;>
    Nghd;Nwhu; njupTnra;ag;gl;l
    NghJ Kw;wpYk; vjpu;ghuhj
    tifapy; vd;id cg nrayh
    suhfj; jpU.njhz;lkhd;
    gpNuhpj;jhu;. ehd; Rjhfupj;Jf;
    nfhs;SKd;du; Nju;jy; Kbe;J
    mwptpj;jYk; Kbe;Jtpl;lJ.
    rw;W rq;flj;Jld; ehd; fPNo
    ,wq;fp te;Njd; mg;nghOJ
    ehd; re;jpj;jtUs; rP.tP Ak;
    ,Ue;jhu;. vd; Kfj;jpy;

    38

    ]p.tp. E}w;whz;L epidTg; NgUiu


    Xbf;nfhz;bUe;j
    czu;Tfisg; ghu;j;Jtpl;L
    mtu; cq;fisg;Nghy; xUtu;
    fhq;fpu]; Kf;fpa];ju; FOtpy;
    ,Ug;gJ ngupJk; tuNtw;
    fj;jf;fJ vd;whu;. ,e;j
    thu;j;ijfs; vdf;F ,jkhf
    ,Ue;jd. ,Jgw;wp rPtP
    vd;NdhL rpy epkplq;fs;
    Ngrpf;nfhz;bUe;jhu;.
    ,jw;Fg;gpd;du; rP.tP NahL
    neUq;fpg; gofTk; gy
    Njhl;lq;fSf;Fr; nry;yTk;
    Ngr;Rthu;jijfspNy rP.tP
    NahL ,ize;J
    fye;Jnfhs;sTk; vdf;F gy
    tha;g;Gfs; fpilj;jd.
    mtUila ,yf;fpa <LghL
    ftpj; Jt czu;Tfs; vd;idg;
    ngup Jk; ftu;e;jd. mtUila
    ftpijfis vLj;Jr; nrd;W
    vdf;Fj; njupe;j gy
    ed;gu;fsplk; fhl;baJ vdf;F

    gp.gp. Njtuh[;
    Kd;dhs; ,e;J fyhrhu mikr;ru;
    Qhgfj;jpw;F tUfpwJ.
    me;jf;fhyj;jpy; epytpa
    nfLgpbfs; gw;wp rP.tP NahL
    lafk Njhl;lj;jpw;Fg;
    NghdnghOJ Vw;gl;l
    mDgtk; ,d;W $l vd;
    kdjpy; epoyhLfpd;wJ. nghyl;
    (Pollet) vd;gtu;jhd; lafk
    F&g; Jiuahf ,Ue;jhu;.
    ehq;fs; njhopyhsu;fNshL
    Ngrpf;nfhd;bUg;gijf;
    fz;lTld; kpfTk; fLikahf
    mtu; cjpu;j;j thu;j;ijfs;
    vdf;F mstw;w
    Nfhgj;ij Vw;gLj;
    jpaJ. ehd; jpUk;gp
    tUk;NghJ Vd; ek;
    kf;fis xd;W
    Nru;j;Jj; Jiuia
    nrk;ikahf cijf;f
    KbahJ vd;W

    Nfl;Nld;. mg;nghOJ mtu;


    nrhd;d gjpy; ekJ kf;fs;
    mg;gb vy;yhk; ele;J
    nfhs;tjw;F xg;Gf;nfhs;s
    khl;lhu;fs;. Rygj;jpy; vjpu;j;J
    Ngr khl;lhu;fs;. NkYk; ehk;
    rhj;tPfkhd Kiwapy;jhd;
    Nghuhl;lq;fis Kd;ndLf;f
    Ntz;Lk;. td;Kiw vd;W
    Muk;gpj;Jtpl;lhy; mJ NkYk;
    td;Kiwf;Fj;jhd; ,l;Lr;
    nry;Yk;. nghWik fhj;Jj;jhd;
    Kd;Ndw;wk; fhz KbAk;
    vd;W $wpaJ ,d;W$l vd;
    Qhgfj;jpy; ,Uf;fpwJ. ,e;j xU
    rpwpa rk;gtj;ij khj;jpuk;
    $wptpl;L ehd; vdJ ciuf;Fr;
    nry;y tpUk;GfpNwd;.

    fhyj;jhy; mopahj
    ftpijfs;
    rP.tP NtYg;gps;is ftpijfs;>
    ehty;> fl;Liufs;> ciueilr;
    rpj;jpuq;fs; vd;W gy
    gilg;Gfisj; je;jpUf;fpwhu;.
    mtUila gilg;Gfs;

    Mf - nrg; 2014
    midj;jpYk; ftpj;Jtk;
    ,ioNahLfpwJ. mtu;
    mbg;gilapy; xU
    ftpQu;.mtUila ftpijfis
    topg;Nghf;fd; (Wayfarer) vd;w
    GidngaupYk; kw;Wk;
    ,yq;if Njapiy
    Njhl;lj;jpNy (In Ceylon's Tea
    Garden) vd;w Ehy; jiyg;gpy;
    mtUila nrhe;jg; ngaupy;;
    vOjp ntspapl;Ls;shu;.
    ,yq;ifj; Njapiy
    Njhl;lj;jpNy mtUf;F
    mopahg; Gfio ngw;Wj;
    je;Js;sJ.
    fhynkDk; MopapYk; fhw;W

    Kj;jpiu ntspaPL> nfhOk;gpy;


    ele;j $l;lk;> elf;f cs;s
    xd;W $ly;fs; ,itnay;yhk;
    ,jw;Fr; rhd;W gfu;fpd;wd.
    ftpkzp ngUe;Njhl;l
    kf;fspd; Jauq;fis
    vLj;jJiuj;j ftpQd>; xU
    jkpo; rpe;jidahsd; ,t;thW
    nrhd;dhd; vtndhUtd;
    mOfpd;whNdh mtNd
    ftpQd;. r.PtP apd;
    ftpijfisg; gbf;Fk;NghJ
    ekf;F fz;zPu; Jspu;f;fpd;wJ
    19k; E}w;whz;bd; Muk;g
    fhyj;jpy; tho;e;j Gfo;kpf;f
    Mq;fpy ftpQd; n\y;yp

    gp.gp.Njtuh[; mtu;fs; ]p.tp. mtu;fSf;F khiy mzptpf;Fk; fhl;rp

    kio CopapYk; rhfhJ


    fk;gdtd; ghl;L vd;W fk;gd;
    Gfo; ghbdhd;; ftpauR
    fz;zjhrd;.
    ngUe;Njhl;lq;fspy; tho;e;j
    kf;fspd; Nrhff; fijiaAk;
    ,jaj;Jbg;igAk; Vf;fg;
    ngU%r;irAk; ekf;F ftpijr;
    rpj;jpuq;fshf tbj;Jj; je;Js;s
    rP.tP.NtYg;gps;isapd;
    ftpijfs; rhfh tuk; ngw;W
    kf;fspd; cs;sj;jpy;
    vd;nwd;Wk; rpuQ;rPtpahf
    tho;e;Jnfhz;bUf;Fk;
    vd;gjpy; Iakpy;iy.
    rP.tP.NtYg;gps;isapd;
    ftpijfs; fhyj;jhy; mopahj
    nrhj;Jf;fs; Mfptpl;ld.rP.tP. gpwe;J Ehwhz;Lfhyk;
    fle;j gpd;du; kf;fs;
    ftpkzpf;F vLf;Fk; ,e;j tpoh>

    (Shelly) ,Nj czu;Tfis


    vLj;Jiuf;fpwhu;.
    The sweetest songs are those that
    tell the saddest thought

    Jauk; Njha;e;j vz;zq;fisf;


    $WtNj ,dpik epiwe;j
    ghly;fshFk;
    n\y;yp kl;Lky;y 18> 19k;
    E}w;whz;Lfspy; tho;e;j gpugy
    Mq;fpy ftpQu;fs; ,j;jifa
    Jauq;fs; Njha;e;j Nrhf
    czu;it ntspg;gLj;jpa
    ghly;fisg; ghbAs;sdu;.
    18> 19 k; Ehw;whz;Lfspy;
    tho;e;j gy Mq;fpy ftpQu;fs;
    Romantic mode vd;w ftpijg;
    ghq;if filg;gpbj;jdu;
    fl;lw;w fw;gid jpwDld;
    mbkdijj; njhLk;
    mw;Gjkhd ftpijfs; mtu;fs;

    gilj;jhu;fs;. igud; gpuG


    (Lord Byron) n\yp (shelly)
    tpy;ypak; gpNsf; (William Blake)
    > kpy;ld; (Milton)> fPl;]; (keats)
    Ntu;l;];Nthu;j; (Wordsworth)>
    Nghd;w gy ftpQu;fs; ,e;jg;
    ghzpapy; vOjp kpfTk;
    gpugy;ak; ngw;wpUe;jhu;fs;.
    fw;gidfspy; cyhtp jhq;fs;
    rQ;rupj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpw
    tho;f;iff;Fk; eilKiwapy;
    fz;l tho;f;iff;Fk; ,ilNa
    cs;s ,ilntsp mtu;fsp
    lj;jpNy xU rQ;ry czu;it
    Vw;gLj;jpaJ. mtu;fs;
    cs;sj;jpy; Nrhu;it Vw;gLj;jp
    thb RUq;fr;nra;jJ. ,J
    mtu;fsplj;jpNy xU ngUk;
    ghjpg;ig Vw;gLj;jpaJ.
    ,j;jifa JauKk; NrhfKk;
    fye;j xU czu;it
    Mq;fpyj;jpy; nkyd;fspf;
    (Melancholic) czu;T vd;W
    mioj;jhu;fs;. Romantic mode
    ftpijg; ghzpia
    gpd;gw;wpatu;fs; Nrhfj;ij
    nrhy;yp cs;sj;ij
    CLUtpr;nry;Yk; mw;Gjkhd
    ftpijfisj; je;jpUf;fpwhu;fs;.
    Gfo;kpf;f tq;f ftpQu;
    utPe;jpuehj; jh$u; Ntj
    cgep\j;Jf;fspy; ,Ue;Jk;>
    cyf ,yf;fpaq;fspy; ,Ue;Jk;
    jd; mfj;J}z;Ljiyg;
    ngw;wtu;. fPl;];> n\yp>
    Ntu;l;];Nthu;j; Nghd;Nwhupd;
    Jauk; Njha;e;j ftpijfs;
    mtiug; ngupJk; ftu;e;jd.
    utpe;jpuehj; jh$u; ,j;jifa
    Nrhf czu;it gpujpgypf;Fk;
    ehlfq;fisAk;> ehty;fisAk;
    ftpijfisAk;
    gilj;jpUf;fpwhu;.
    ,ay;ghfNt fiy czu;Tk;
    ftpj;Jt czu;Tk;
    cilatuhd rP. tP.
    NtYg;gps;is vopy; kpf;f
    thu;j;ijfshy; Gidag;gl;l
    ,e;j Mq;fpyf; ftpijfspy;
    kdijg; gwpnfhLj;jhu;. ,e;f
    Mq;fpy ftpQu;fs; vOjpa
    ftpijfspNy mtu; xd;wpg;
    Nghdhu;. utPe;jpuehj;
    jh$upDila vOj;Jf;fspNy
    mtUf;F xU jdp <LghL
    ,Ue;jJ. (Romantic mode) vd;w
    ghzpapy; vOjg;gl;l Mq;fpy
    ftpQu;fspd; nkyd;fsp
    (Melancholy) Nrhf czu;T

    39

    Mf - nrg; 2014
    kiyaf tho;f;ifia
    mg;gbNa gpujpgypj;jJNghy;
    mtUf;F Njhd;wpaJ.
    rP. tP. NtYg;gps;is jkpo;g;
    ghly;fspYk; ,yf;fpaj;jpYk;
    gupr;rak; ngw;wpUe;jhu;. Mdhy;
    mtu; Mq;fpy nkhop%yk;
    fy;tp gapd;wtu.; Mq;fpyj;jpy;
    vOJk; Mw;wy; ,ay;ghfNt
    ngw;wpUe;jhu; Mq;fpy
    ,yf;fpaq;fspNy mtUf;F
    kpFe;j <LghL ,Ue;jJ.
    kiyafj;jpd; gRik epwg;
    gug;Gk; gspq;F epw XilfSk;
    kiyr;rhuy;fspy; tPRk; njd;wy;
    fhw;Wk; ,aw;if moFk;
    mtUila ftpj;Jt
    czu;TfSf;F xU ce;J
    rf;jpahf mike;jJ. Mdhy;
    fw;gidapNy rpwfbj;j
    mtUila mofpay;
    czu;Tf;Fk; Njhl;l kf;fs;
    kj;jpapNy epyTk;
    tho;f;iff;Fk; ,ilNa ,Ue;j
    ,ilntspiag; ghu;j;j
    nghOJ Njhl;l eilKiw
    mtyq;fSf;F vjpuhf vOe;j
    cs;sf; FKwy; Nrhfk;
    ,ioNahLk; ftpijfshf
    mtuplkpUe;J gputfpj;jd.
    ,yq;if Njapiyj;
    Njhl;lj;jpNy vDk;
    mtUila ftpij E}y;
    ,t;thW Muk;gpf;fpwJ.
    To the tom-tom 's throb
    The dawn lies starled:
    Trembling upon the tea;
    The Last dew beads is fresh,
    Before the morning treads
    On this mating hour
    Where suffering and pain
    Decay and death are one
    In the life-throb
    In the breathing of men.
    jg;nghyp mjpu;e;jpl
    jpLf;fpl;L capu;ngw;wJ
    fhiyg; nghOJ
    Njapiy jspupy;
    epu;kykhd gdpj;Jsp
    eLeLq;f cUz;L nrd;w
    mj;Jsp
    fhiy fjpupy; mope;J> kiwe;jJ
    NtjidAk;> JaUk;> rpijTk;>
    rhjYk; midj;Jk;
    mq;Nf rq;fkk;.
    ,J Nghyd;Nwh
    kdpjupd; ehbj;Jbg;Gk;
    tpLfpd;w filrp %r;Rk;.

    40

    The tom-tom's throb!


    It resound and sighs
    In the still mountains
    And the soundless valleys,
    They in their ancient vigil
    Keep in a record of bones
    The tears and sweat
    Of a hundred years
    jg;nghyp mjpu;e;J gutpl
    eprg;jk; Fbnfhz;l
    kiyfspNy
    ePz;L fple;j gs;sj;jhf;fpNy
    vq;Fk; Nfl;lJ vjpnuhyp
    E}whz;L fhykhf
    Gije;J fple;j
    vYk;Gf;FtpaYk;>
    nfhl;ba tpau;itAk;
    rpe;jpa fz;zPUk;
    mq;Nf mOJ Gyk;gpd
    My men!
    they lie dust under dust
    Beneath the tea,
    No wild weed flowers
    Or memories token
    Tributes raise
    Over the father's biers!
    O shame what man
    Ever gave them a grave?
    Only god in His Grace
    Covered them with his grass.
    vd; kf;fs;
    kz;Zf;Fs; kz;zhf
    Gije;J Nghdhu;fs;.
    mtu;fs; fy;yiwf;F Nky;
    fhl;L kyu;fspy;iy
    Qhgfr; rpd;dq;fs;
    mq;Nfapy;iy.
    mg;gd; tho;e;j fij $w
    thu;j;ijfs; vJTkpy;iy.
    kdpjd; kwe;Jtpl;lhd;
    ntl;ff; NfL
    Mdhy; ,iwtNdh
    kwf;ftpy;iy
    mtd; jd; fUizapdhy;
    md;Nwh
    fy;yiw kPJ
    Gy;iy jiof;f itj;jhd;.

    rP.tp.NtYg;gps;is vOjpa
    fl;LiufSk;> ciueilr;
    rpj;jpuq;fSk;> rpWfijfSk;
    ehty;fSk; ,d;iwa
    fz;Nzhl;lj;jpypUw;J
    Mokhf Muhag;gl
    Ntz;bait. vy;yhtw;wpw;Fk;
    Nkyhf mtUila ftpijfs;
    Muhag;gl Ntz;Lk;>
    tpbaiyj; Njb Nrhfj;jpy; rP tP

    NtYg;gps;isapd; cs;sk;
    cjpuk; nfhl;ba NghjpYk;
    mtu; Nrhu;e;J Jtz;L
    tpltpy;iy. Nrhfj;ij
    vLj;Jiuf;Fk; xU ftpQNd
    mtyj;jpw;Fk; Jauj;jpw;Fk;
    KbT fl;lNtz;Lk;. mtdhy;
    GJikf;F toprikf;f ngUk;
    gq;fhw;w KbAk; vd;w vz;zk;
    mtu; kdjpNy Mokhf
    Nt&d;wpaJ. mtu; Mrpupa
    gzpapypUe;J tpyfp
    njhopyhsu;fSf;fhff; Fuy;
    nfhLf;Fk; njhopw;rq;f
    gzpapNy jd;id
    If;fpag;gLj;jpf; nfhz;lhu;.
    Njhl;lj; Jiukhu;f;F vjpuhf
    Nghu;f;nfhb cau;j;jpdhu;.
    njhopw;rq;fj;jpy; kf;fis
    xd;W Nru;j;jhu;. ,uT gfy;
    ghuhJ cioj;jhu;. Jauj;ijf;
    $WtjpypUe;J ; mijj; Jilf;f
    jd; gq;if Mw;w Kd;te;jhu;.
    ,Wjp %r;Rtiu njhopw;rq;f
    gzpapNy jd; tho;ehis
    fopj;jhu;. jd;Dila ,yq;ifj;
    Njapiyj; Njhl;lj;jpNy vd;w
    ftpij E}iy ,t;thW G+u;j;jp
    nra;fpwhu;.
    kz;Nky; tpOe;J rpjwpa
    E}whz;L fhy
    fz;zPUk; tpau;itAk;
    cja #upadhf
    Xq;fp vOk; xUehs;
    gyk; tha;e;j
    gy;yhapu kdpju;
    Njhd;Wthu;fs;
    jg;nghyp mjpu;tpw;F
    Jupj eilNghLthu;
    Gjpa tpbaiy fhz;ghu;

    rP tP NtYg;gps;is $wpa Gjpa


    tpbaiy Nehf;fp ehk; vt;thW
    gazk; nra;fpNwhk; vd;gJ
    gw;wp vd;Dila fUj;Jf;fis
    cq;fNshL gupkhwpf;nfhs;s
    tpUk;GfpNwd;. ,jw;Fupa Xu;
    gpd;dzpNahL vd;
    fUj;Jiuia ehd;
    Muk;gpf;fpNwd;.

    epiy khw;wk; fz;L tUk;


    kiyehl;L jkpou;
    ngUe;Njhl;l mikg;G
    16> 17k; Ehw;whz;by; Vw;gl;l
    INuhg;gpa fNyhdpay;
    Mjpf;fj;jpw;Fg; gpd;du;jhd;
    ngUe;Njhl;l tptrha Kiw
    vd;gJ mwpKfkhfp ntF
    Ntfkhf gutpaJ. nrhe;j

    Mf - nrg; 2014
    cgNahfj;jpw;F my;yhky;
    Vw;Wkjp nra;tjpy;jhd;
    ngUe;Njhl;l tptrha
    Kiwapd; (Plantation System)
    mbg;gil jq;fpapUe;jJ
    Muk;gfhyj;jpy; mnkupf;fhtpy;
    Gifapiy> gQ;R> muprp
    Nghd;wit gapu;
    nra;ag;gl;ld. gpd;du; fUk;G.
    Nfhg;gp. nfhf;Nfh> kpsF>
    Njapiy> ug;gu; Nghd;w
    gapu;fSf;F ,it
    tp];jupf;fg;gl;ld. gpNurpy;.
    nfhyk;gpah> fahdh>
    Nkw;fpe;jpaj; jPTfs; Mfpa
    ehLfspy; fUk;G> Nfhg;gp
    vd;gd mjpfstpy;
    gapuplg;gl;ld.
    Muk;gj;jpy; xg;ge;jq;fspd;
    %yk; INuhg;gpa njhopyh
    su;fs; ,e;j Njhl;lq;fspNy
    Ntiy nra;tjw;Fr;
    Nru;f;fg;gl;lhYk; ,J
    rhj;jpag;glhky; NghfNt
    Mgpupf;f ehLfspy; ,Ue;J
    mbikfis ifg;gw;wp
    ngUe;Njhl;lq;fspy; Ntiy
    nra;tjw;fhff; nfhz;Ltug;
    gl;ldu;. mbikfs;
    v[khd;fSila rhjhuz
    cilikfisg;Nghy tpw;fTk;
    thq;fTk; gl;ldu;. tq;fpapy;
    ,Ue;J fld; ngWtjw;Ff; $l
    mbikfs; gpidahf
    itf;fg;gl;ldu;. 'Vd;?"
    vd;why; rpiw thrk; ,y;iy
    vd;why; tdthrk;
    vd;gJNghyr; nrhy;nyhdhf;
    nfhLikfSf;F Mshfpa
    mbikfspd; mty epiy
    ngUk; vjpu;g;ig Vw;gLj;jpaJ.
    INuhg;ghtpYk; ,J gutpaJ
    mbik epiyf;F xU KbT
    fhzNtz;Lk; vd;w $f;Fuy;
    vOe;jJ. gbg;gbahf ,J
    mbik Kiw xopg;Gr;
    rl;lq;fSf;F top tFj;jJ.

    mbik Kiwf;F vjpuhd


    rl;lk;
    1833k; Mz;L mbik Kiwf;F
    vjpuhf rl;lk; ,aw;wp gpupj;jh
    dpah ,jw;F Kw;Wg;Gs;sp
    itj;jJ. ,ijj; njhlu;e;J
    ,ju INuhg;gpa ehLfSk;
    mbik Kiwia jil
    nra;jd. ,jw;Fg; gpwFjhd;
    rPdhtpypUe;J xU rpW
    njhifapdUk; ngUksT
    ,e;jpahtpypUe;Jk; xg;ge;j

    %yk; njhopyhsu;fs; gpupj;jh


    dpah> gpuhd;R> xy;yhe;J>
    fNyhdpa ehLfSf;Fr;
    nfhz;Lnry;yg;gl;ldu;.
    ,jd; njhlu;r;rpahf
    nkhuprpa];> njd;dhgpupf;fh>
    upA+dpad;> gP[p jPTfs; kw;Wk;
    ,yq;if> kNyrpah> Mfpa
    ehLfSf;Fk; ngUe;Njhl;l
    Kiw tp];jupf;fg;gl;lJ.

    xg;ge;j $ypKiw etPd


    mbikj;jdkh?
    `pA+ bq;fu; (Hugh Tinker) vd;w
    gpugy r%ftpay; tpQQhdp
    ,e;j xg;ge;j Kiwgw;wp ,J
    xU etPd mbikj;Jtk;>
    mjhtJ ,J 20k; E}w;whz;bd;
    mbikj;Jtk; (Twentieth century
    slavery) vd;w jiyg;gpy; xU
    Ehy; vOjpAs;shu;. mjhtJ
    Mgpupf;f mbikfs; vt;thW
    elj;jg;gl;lhu;fNsh mNj
    Kiwapy;jhd; xg;ge;j
    njhopyhsu;fSk; elj;jg;
    gLfpwhu;fs; vd;w fUj;ij
    Kd;itj;J mtu; ,e;j Ehiy
    vOjpAs;shu;.
    xg;ge;jk; (Indenture) ,e;jpa mur
    epWtdj;jpw;Fk; fNyhdpay;
    ehLfspd; xg;ge;j %yk;
    njhopyhsu;fisj; jpul;L
    gtu;fSf;Fk; ,ilNa
    nra;Jnfhz;l cld;ghlhFk;.
    ,jpy; gy mk;rq;fs; ,Ue;jd.
    ,jpy; xU mk;rk; Fwpg;gpl;l 5
    Mz;LfSf;Fg; gpd;du;
    njhopyhsu;fSf;F fg;gy;
    fl;lzk; nrYj;jp jpUg;gp
    mDg;gg;gl Ntz;Lk;
    vd;gjhFk;. rpyu; jhq;fshfNt
    NkYk; 5 Mz;LfSf;F
    xg;ge;jk; nra;J nfhz;lhu;fs;.
    gpd; mtu;fSf;F fg;gy;
    fl;lzk; nrYj;Jtjw;Fg;
    gjpyhf epyk; nfhLf;fg;gl;L
    me;j ehLfspNyNa jq;fp
    tpl;lhu;fs;.
    mbikfis vIkhd;fs;
    thq;fTk; tpw;fTk; Kbe;jJ.
    vIkhd;fs; ,ju mirahg;
    nghUl;fisg; Nghy;
    mbikfisAk; elj;jpdhu;fs;.
    ,jw;Fk; xg;ge;j $ypfSf;Fk;
    ,ilNa NtWghLfs; ,Ue;j
    NghjpYk; `pA+ bq;fu; (Hugh
    Tinker) $ypfs; mbikfshfNt
    elj;jg;gl;ldu; vd;W
    Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shu;. ,jpy;

    ngUkstpw;F cz;ik ,Ue;j


    NghjpYk; NtWghLfSk;
    ftdj;jpw;FupaitahFk;.

    fq;fhzp Kiw
    Ml;Nru;g;G
    gu;kh> kNyrpah ,yq;if
    Nghd;w ehLfSf;F xg;ge;j
    Kiw $l mD\;bf;fg;
    gltpy;iy. fq;fhzp KiwNa
    ifahsg;gl;lJ. ,yq;ifiag;
    nghWj;jtiuapy; fq;fhzpfs;
    jq;fs; cwtpdu;fs; jq;fs;
    fpuhkj;ij rhu;e;jtu;fs; my;yJ
    me;j gpuNjrj;ijr; rhu;e;jtu;
    fisNa njuopyhsu;fshfj;;
    jpul;b mtu;fis ,yq;iff;Ff;
    nfhz;L te;jdu;. ngupa
    fq;fhzpfSk; Fiwthd
    njhopyhsu;fis nfhz;Lte;j
    rpwpa fq;fhzpfSk; ,jpy;
    ,Ue;jdu;. ,J jtpu fq;fhzp
    ,y;yhky; jhq;fshfNt
    ,yq;iff;F gyh; te;jdu;.
    tu;j;jfk; nra;a te;jtu;fs;
    khj;jpuky;yhJ ,ju rpy
    FOtpdUk; ,yq;iff;F
    te;Js;shu;fs;.
    fq;fhzpfSf;Fk;>
    njhopyhsu;fSf;Fk; ,ilNa
    neUq;fpa njhlu;G ,Ue;jJ.
    Njhl;l Jiukhu; njhopyh
    su;fis epu;tfpg;gjpy; ngUk;
    gq;if fq;fhzpfsplNk
    xg;gilj;jpUe;jhu;fs;.
    ,yq;ifiag; nghWj;jtiuapy;
    gw;Wr;rPl;L mbg;gilapy;
    ,e;jpahtpy; cs;s jq;fs;
    fpuhkq;fSf;Fr; nrd;WtUk;
    tof;fKk; ,Ue;jJ. ,d;ndhU
    Kf;fpakhd mk;rk; vd;d
    ntd;why; ,e;jpah md;ik
    apYs;s ehlhjyhy;
    ,e;jpahTf;Fk; ,yq;iff;F
    kpilNa gy njhlu;Gfs;
    ,Ue;jd. tl fpof;fpNy jkpo;
    nkhopiaAk; fyhr;rhuj;ijAk;
    gpd;gw;Wk; xU nkhopapdUk;
    ,q;F ,Ue;jdu; vd;gjhy;
    ,yq;ifiag; nghUj;j
    tiuapy; ,ju ehLfspy; ,Ue;J
    rpy NtWghLfs; epytpd. `pA+
    bq;fUila (Hugh Tinker)
    Ehypy; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;sijg;
    Nghy xg;ge;j mbg;gilapy;
    nrd;w njhopyhsu;fSf;Fk;
    ,yq;if te;j njhopyhsu;f
    Sf;Fk; ,ilapy; ,j;jiifa
    tpj;jpahrq;fs; ,Ue;jJ

    41

    Mf - nrg; 2014
    ftdj;jpw;FupajhFk;.
    Njhl;lj; JiukhUk;
    mtu;fSila Kftu;fshf
    nray;gl;l fq;fhzpkhUk;>
    Njhl;l njhopyhsu;fis
    ntspelg;G xd;Wk;
    mwpahjtu;fshfj; jq;fs;
    fl;Lg;ghl;bNyNa itj;Jf;
    nfhz;bUe;jdu;. ,jdhy;
    njhopyhsu;fs; gy;NtW
    Ruz;ly;fSf;F Mshf;fg;
    gl;ldu;. mwpahikNa
    njhopyhsu;fSf;F vjpuhf
    MAjkhf gad;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.
    vd; fld; gzp nra;J
    fplg;gJNt vd;gJ Nghy;
    Njhl;lj; njhopyhsu;fs;
    Ntiy nra;J nfhz;bUg;
    gijNa jq;fs; tho;thff;
    nfhz;bUe;jhu;fs; vd;W
    rP.tP.NtYg;gps;is Fwpg;gpL
    fpd;whu;. Mdhy; njhopw;
    rq;fq;fs; Njhw;wk; ngw;w
    gpd;du; fq;fhzpkhupd; gpbapy;
    jsu;T Vw;gl;L ,jw;F ntF
    rPf;fpuj;jpy; xU KbT
    Vw;gl;lJ. vg;gb ,Ue;j
    NghjpYk; fq;fhzpfs; %ykhf
    te;jtu;fs; kw;Wk; jhq;fshfNt
    jq;fs; cwtpdu; %ykhfNth
    my;yJ NtW njhlu;gpid
    Vw;gLj;jpNah ,yq;if
    te;jtu;fs; me;j mstpw;F
    fl;Lg;gltpy;iy. ,J gw;wpa
    Ma;Tfs; elj;jg;gl Ntz;ba
    mtrpak; cs;sJ.

    khwhj tWik

    mwpQu;fs; rpe;jidahsu;fs;
    kj;jpapy; Mokhf Nt&d;wp
    ngUk; jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;jp
    As;sJ. ,J midj;J
    kl;lq;fspYk; gutpAs;sJ.
    ,e;j ,uz;L E}y;fspYk;
    ,Ue;j ngw;w fUj;Jf;fis
    mbg;gilahf kl;Lk;
    nfhs;shky; ,ij NkYk;
    Muha;e;J kPs; guprPyid
    nra;tJ kpfTk; gaDs;sjhf
    ,Uf;Fk;.

    tpj;jpahrkhd
    mDgtq;fs;
    xt;nthU fNyhdpay;
    ehl;Lf;Fk; nrd;w ,e;jpa
    tk;rhtspapdu; me;je;j
    ehLfspNyNa tpj;jpahrkhd
    ,df; FOf;fis re;jpf;f
    Ntz;b ,Ue;jJ. ,it
    khWgl;l mDgtq;fisf;
    nfhLj;jd. vdNt xNu
    msTNfhiy khj;jpuk; itj;J
    mZfhJ xt;nthU ehl;bd;
    NtWgl;l jd;ikfisAk;
    ftdj;jpy; vLg;gJ mtrpak;.
    ,yq;if ,dq;fSf;fpilNa
    cs;s cwTepiy murpay;
    re;ju;g;gthjk;> msTfle;j
    Ngupdthjk;> fyhr;rhuk; ,it
    midj;ijAk; fzf;fpy;
    vLj;Jj;jhd; ngUe;Njhl;lj;
    jkpou; jq;fs; khw;wq;fisAk;
    Kd;Ndw;wj;ijAk; cWjp nra;a
    KbAk;.

    (Persistent poverty)

    Gjpa tpbay;

    ngf;Nghu;l; (Beckford) vd;w


    Nkw;fpe;jpaj; jPTfisr; Nru;e;j
    Nguhrpupau; ngUe;Njhl;l
    mikg;G gw;wp tpupthd xU
    Muha;r;rpia Nkw;nfhz;L Ehy;
    VOjpAs;shu;. mtu;
    Nkw;nfhz;l Ma;T mNefkhf
    Nkw;fpe;jpa mbikj;
    njhopyhsu; mDgtq;fisf;
    nfhz;Nl mike;jJ.
    mtUila Ehypd; ngau;
    'tplhg;gpbahd tWik
    (Persistent Poverty) vd;gjhFk;..
    Nkw;fpe;jpah> fahdh Nghd;w
    ehLfSf;Fk; ,yq;iff;Fk;
    ,ilNa cs;s rpy NtW
    ghLfis Ma;T nra;a
    Ntz;ba mtrpak; cz;L.

    rP.tP.NtYg;gps;is jd;Dila
    ,yq;ifj; Njapiy Njhl;lj;
    jpNy vd;w ftpij E}ypd;
    filrp tupapy; 'Gjpa tpbaiy
    fhz;ghu; vd;W ek;gpf;if
    njuptpj;Js;shu;. ePz;l
    gazkhf ,Ue;jhYk; Gjpa
    tpbaiy Nehf;fpa gazk;
    Muk;gpj;Jtpl;lJ vd;gjpy;
    Iakpy;iy. gioa
    Nrhfq;fisAk; Ntjid
    fisAk; khj;jpuk; mir
    Nghl;Lf; nfhz;bUf;fhky;
    te;J tpl;l khw;wq;fis
    milahsk; fz;lhy;jhd;;
    khw;wq;fs; tUk; Gjpa Afk;
    Njhd;Wk; vd;w ek;gpf;if
    Vw;gl;lhy;jhd; tpbaiyf;
    fhz KbAk;.

    ,e;j ,uz;L Ehy;fspypUe;Jk;


    ngwg;gl;l fUj;Jf;fs;

    42

    ',isQNd fdT fhz;"vd;W


    Kd;dhy; ,e;jpa Idhjpgjp

    mg;Jy; fyhKila trdk;


    mbf;fb nrhy;yg;gLk;
    xd;whFk;. cja #upadhf Xq;fp
    vOk; xUehs; vd;W rP. tP.
    ek;gpf;if njuptpf;fpwhu;. ,e;j
    ek;gpf;ifAk; fdTfSk; jhd;
    khw;wj;jpw;F m];jpthuk;.
    n`uhf;ypl;l]; (Heraclitus)
    vd;w fpNuf;f jj;JtQhdp
    khw;wq;fs; gw;wp rpe;jidiaj;
    J}z;Lk; tpjj;jpy; xU fUj;ijj;
    njuptpj;Js;shu;. 'xU kdpjd;
    xNu Mw;wpy; ,uz;L jlit
    ,wq;Ftjpy;iy. MWk;
    khwptpLfpwJ. kdpjDk; khwp
    tpLfpwhd;
    vJ rh];tjkhf ,Uf;fpd;wNjh
    ,y;iyNah khw;wq;fs;
    khj;jpuk;jhd; rh];tjk;
    cilajha; cs;sJ.
    ,ijj;jhd; gy mwpQu;fSk;
    $wpAs;shu;fs;. Gul;rp
    %yk;jhd; rKjha khw;wj;ij
    Vw;gLj;j KbAk; vd;W $wpa
    fhu;y; khu;f;]; khw;wq;fspd;
    Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ijf; Fwpg;
    gl;bUf;fpd;whu;. rpy
    rkaq;fspy; khw;wq;fs;
    Jupjkhf eilngwyhk;. rpy
    rkaq;fspy; mJ Mik
    Ntfj;jpy; ,lk;ngwyhk;.
    vg;gb ,Ue;jhYk; khw;wq;fs;
    njhlu;e;J ele;J nfhz;Ljhd;
    ,Uf;fpd;wd.
    Muk;g fhyj;jpy; Ntiyf;F
    mku;j;jg;gl;ltu;fs; mbikfs;
    Nghyj;jhd; elj;jg;gl;lhu;fs;.
    vz;zw;w ,d;dy;fSf;Fk;
    Mshdhu;fs;. Njhl;lq;fspy;
    ,Ue;J khwp NtW
    Njhl;lq;fSf;Nfh> NtW
    ,lq;fSf;Nfh nrd;why;
    mtu;fSf;F vjpuhf tof;Fj;
    njhlu;e;J kPz;Lk; mtu;fis
    mNj Njhl;lj;jpw;Ff;
    nfhz;Ltuyhk; vd;w rl;lk;
    ,Ue;jJ. Mdhy; ,g;nghOJ
    me;jf; fhyk; kiyNawptpl;lJ.
    ,g;nghOJ Njhl;lq;fspy;
    ,Ue;J ntspNa nrd;W Ntiy
    nra;ayhk; vd;w epiyik
    cUthfptpl;lJ. Vuhskhd
    tu;fs; Njhl;lj;jpw;F ntspNa
    Ntiy nra;Jnfhz;bUf;
    fpwhu;fs;.
    ,yq;ifapd; ngUe;Njhl;l
    njhopyhsu;fs; fl;Lg;
    ghLfSf;Fs; rpf;Fz;L
    ,Ue;jhYk; ,g;nghOJ

    Mf - nrg; 2014
    khw;wq;fs; epfo;e;J
    nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd. Fiwe;j
    rk;gsj;jpw;F Ntiy nra;J
    ve;NeuKk; Vo;ikapNy
    rpiwgl;L ,Uf;f Ntz;ba
    mtrpak; ,y;iy vd;w rpe;jid
    vOe;Js;sJ. Njhl;lj;
    njhopiy khj;jpuk; ek;gp tho
    Ntz;ba epu;g;ge;jk; khwp
    tUfpd;wJ. xU Njhl;lj;jpNy
    tho;e;J nfhz;L ntspNa
    nrd;W Ntiy nra;tJ
    ,g;nghOJ mjpfupj;Js;sJ.
    efu;g; Gwk; Nehf;fpa efu;T
    Ntfkile;Js;sJ.
    Njhl;lq;fspy; cs;s jq;fs;
    njhlu;Gfis mbNahL
    tpl;Ltplhky; efu;g;Gwj;jpy; gy
    ,isQu;fs;> Atjpfs; njhopy;
    Gupe;J nfhz;bUf;fpwhu;fs;.
    ,tu;fspy; gyu; Nju;r;rpaw;w
    njhopyhsu;fshf kl;Lky;yhJ
    jpwiktha;e;j> gapw;rpngw;w
    ciog;ghspfshfTk; cs;sdu;.
    gyu; njhopy;rhu; epWtdq;fspy;
    cau; cj;jpNahf];ju;fshfTk;
    flik Gupfpd;wdu;.
    xU fhyj;jpy; r%f me;j];j;jpy;
    cau;e;jtu;fs;> gbj;jtu;fs;
    Nghd;w njhifapdiu tpuy;
    tpl;L vz;zptpl Kbe;jJ.
    ,d;W md;iwa epiyNahL
    xg;gpLk; nghOJ
    Kd;Ndw;wq;fs; epiwaNt
    Vl;gl;Ltpl;ld.

    fy;tp tsu;r;rp
    ghlrhiyfs;> Mrpupau;fs;
    mjpfupg;gpdhy; khztu;
    njhifAk; $bAs;sJ.
    Njhl;lg; gFjp ghlrhiyfs;
    tsu;e;J tUfpd;wd. Njhl;l
    gFjp khztu;fSf;fhf Mrpupa
    gapw;rp fyhrhiy nfhl;l
    fiyapNy cs;sJ. xU cj;Njr
    fzf;fPl;bd; gb Vwj;jho 4000
    gl;ljhup Mrpupau;fs; kiyaf
    jkpo; kf;fs; kj;jpapy; ,Ue;J
    Njhd;wpapUf;fpwhu;fs;.
    ,g;nghOJ cau; fy;tp
    ngw;wtu;fs; itj;jpa
    fyhepjpfs; rl;lj;juzpfs;>
    nghwpapayhsu;fs;> fzf;fpa
    yhsu;fs; vd;gtu;fs; gyu;
    Njhl;lj; njhopyhsu; kj;jpapy;
    Njhd;wp gy ,lq;fspNy
    Ntiy nra;J tUfpwhu;fs;.
    Njhl;l njhopyhsu;
    kj;jpapypUe;J Njhd;wpAs;s
    tu;j;jf r%fk;

    xU fhyj;jpy; tu;j;jfu;fshf
    ,yq;iff;F te;jtu;fs;
    Fwpg;gpl;l rpy r%fq;fis
    rhu;e;jtu;fshfNt ,Ue;jdu;.
    Mdhy; ,g;nghOJ Njhl;lj;
    njhopyhsu; kj;jpapy; ,Ue;J
    xU tu;j;jfr; r%fk;
    cUthfpAs;sJ. kpfTk; trjp
    Fiwe;j epiyapy; nfhOk;G
    te;j rpy ,isQu;fs; ,d;W
    tu;j;jf gpuKfu;fshfp
    NfhB];tuu;fshf $l
    cs;sdu;.

    kj;jpa my;yJ cau;ju


    tu;f;fj;jpd; Njhw;wKk;>
    tsu;r;rpAk; kiyaf jkpo;r;
    rKjhaj;jpy; xU jpUg;gj;ij
    Vw;gLj;jpAs;sJ. ,j;jifa
    r%fg; gpupTfs; Njhd;WtJ
    tsu;r;rpf;F mbg;gilahFk;.
    kiyafj; jkpo; kf;fisj;
    njhopyhsu;fshf khj;jpuk;
    nfhz;l r%fkhf ,dp;Ak;
    fUj KbahJ. ,ju
    r%fq;fisg; NghyNt
    kiyafj; jkpo; kf;fs;
    kj;jpapNy gy gpupTfs;
    cs;sd. ,d;W kj;jpa fpof;F
    ehLfspy; kl;Lky;yhJ
    mnkupf;fh> fdlh> ,q;fpyhe;J>
    INuhg;gh> mT];jpNuypah
    Nghd;w ehLfspNy rpwpa
    mstpy; vd;whYk; gy
    kiyafj; jkpou;fs;
    jpwikrhypfshf cau;njhopy;
    Gupe;J tUfpd;wdu;. mzikapy
    vLj;j xU Gs;sp tpguj;jpd;gb
    fdlhtpy; 350f;F Nkw;gl;l
    kiyafj; jkpou;fs; cau;
    njhopy; Gupe;J tUfpd;wdu;.
    mnkupf;fhtpy; 200 kiyafj;
    jkpo;f; FLk;gq;fs; cs;sd.

    ,JNghy; gpupj;jhdpahtpYk;>
    mT];jpNutpahtpYk; kw;Wk;
    rpy ehLfspYk; kiyafj;
    jkpou;fs; cau;e;j cj;jpNahfq;
    fspNy cs;shu;fs;. ,e;j
    Nghf;F Nkd;NkYk; mjpfupj;Jf;
    nfhz;bUf;Fk; vd;gJ
    njspthfj; njupfpwJ.
    xU r%fj;jpy; tptrhapfs;
    my;yJ njhopyhsu;fs; vd;W
    khj;jpuk; epd;Wtplhky; xU
    kj;jpaju tu;f;fk;

    cau;kl;lj;ijr; rhu;e;jtu;fs;
    vd;w gpupTfs; Vw;gLk;
    NghJjhd; r%fk; KOik
    ngWk;. KOikngw;w
    ,j;jifa r%fk; kiyafj;
    jkpoupd; milahsj;ij
    cWjpg;gLj;Jtjhf mikfpwJ.
    njhif kjpg;gpl;Lg; Gs;sptpgu
    fzf;fPl;bd;gb njspthd
    milahsKila ehd;F
    gpujhd ,dq;fs; tifg;
    gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd. 1. rpq;fstu;.
    2. ,yq;ifj; jkpou;. 3
    K];ypk;fs; 4 ,e;jpaj; jkpou;.
    (,e;jpa tk;rhtspj; jkpou;/
    kiyafj; jkpou;) ehl;bYs;s
    ,ju midj;J rpWghd;ik
    ,dq;fis xd;W Nru;j;jhy;
    $l mtu;fs; ehl;bd; kf;fs;
    njhifapy; 1rjtpfpjNk
    cs;sdu;. tsu;r;rpngw;w ,e;jpa
    tk;rhtspj; jkpou; ,g;nghOJ
    KOikahd xU jdpj;Jt
    milahsKila ,dkhf
    tsu;r;rp fz;Ltpl;ldu;.
    ,dpNky; mtu;fis
    ngUe;Njhl;lj; njhopshsu;
    r%fk; (Plantation community)
    vd;Nwh my;yJ jkpo; ,dj;jpd;

    43

    Mf - nrg; 2014
    ,uz;lhk; ,lj;jpy;>
    fPo;kl;lj;jpy; cs;stu;fs;
    vd;Nwh mioj;jpl KbahJ.

    ahuhYk; jLf;f KbahJ.

    fle;j ,uz;L E}w;whz;Lfshf


    ,e;jpa tk;rhtspj; jkpoh;fs;
    vj;jidNah Nrhjid
    fSf;fhshfp vz;zw;w
    ,d;dy;fis re;jpj;jpUe;j
    NghjpYk; ,d;W ,tw;iw
    jhz;b te;Jtpl;lhu;fs;.
    fpNuf;f Qhdp n`uhf;fpypl];
    (Heraclitus) $wpAs;sijg; Nghy
    khw;wq;fs; Vw;gLtij

    Kd;du; Mik Ntfkhf


    eilngw;wJ vd;whYk;
    khw;wq;fs; ,g;NghJ
    Jupjkile;Jtpl;ld. ,t;thW
    khw;wq;fs; Vw;gl;L tpl;ld
    vd;gij ed;F czu;e;J xU
    gjpa Afj;jpy; fhyb vLj;J
    itj;Jtpl;Nlhk; vd;w
    ek;gpf;ifNa ,d;iwa
    NjitahFk;.

    Gjpa Afk;

    fw;wwpe;Njhu; rKjha
    rpe;jidfSf;F topaikf;f
    Ntz;ba fhyfl;lj;jpy; ehk;
    ,g;NghJ fhyb vLj;J
    itf;fpNwhk;. kiyafj; jkpo;
    kf;fspd; gpd;dilT xU
    njhlu;fijahfNt cs;sJ vd;w
    rpe;jidia mbNahL khw;wp
    ,JtiuAk; Vw;gl;Ls;s
    khw;wq;fspy; ek;gpf;if nfhz;L
    Gjpa cj;Ntfj;JlDk;>
    jd;dk;gpf;ifAlDk; nray;gl
    Ntz;ba fl;lj;jpy; ,d;W
    kiyaf jkpou; r%fk; cs;sJ.

    ]p.tp. NtYg;gps;is mtu;fSf;F ,e;jpa mur> gj;jpupif> gjpg;gfj;


    njhlu;Gfisf; fhl;Lk; fbjq;fs;

    44

    Mf - nrg; 2014
    ixjOk wud;H .dKs
    idkdhl" llre kdhlfhl= jQ
    l,jdk md,sfka;= uka;%S ir;a
    uq;af;gqf.u ^Y%S ,x fld m&
    wdka l, m%ldY j,ska jvd;a
    fydka meye,s f'

    iS' ' fms,aff, hkq ud


    f;dr;=re uisfuka oek.;a
    iqfYaIs mqoa.,fhls' ud yeoErE
    Tyqf.a .;s.=K wkqj wo ko
    j;aj ishhq;= wfhl= nj udf.a
    fm!oa.,sl ye.Suhs' j;auka Y%S
    ,dxlsl m%cdj ;u cd;sh l=,h
    wd.u foaYmd,k u;h fjkqfjka
    ukqIH ; mjd kik lf,l
    fujeks iqfYaIs mqoa.,hskaf.a
    wjYH;dj wo kfha jvd;a lemS
    fmfka'

    jx.;
    iS''fms,aff, ue;s;=udf.a

    ish jk ckau kh iuruq


    1914 iema' 14 k kqjrt<sh
    ia;%slalfha fld;auf,a m%dfoaYsh
    f,al fldGdYfha uvl=Uqr
    Wm; ,o fu;=ud lkakmamka
    f,aisxy fms,aff, h'
    fudyqf.a foudmshka jQfha
    lkakmamka f,aisxy yd foajdks
    fldurka h' ish wOHdmk
    lghq;= ueol=Uqr j;= mdif,ka
    werUq fyf;u miqj yegka
    fuf;daia; oHd,fhka yd
    kqjrt<sh fyda,s %ks
    oHd,fhka ish wOHdmk lghq;=
    fmdaIKh lr.;a w;r fyf;u
    ish oa;Sl wOHdmk lghq;=
    fld<U kd,kaod oHd,fha ksud
    lrk ,oafoa kd,kaodf ma;su;a
    isiqjl= f,isks'

    fu;=ud 1947 meje;s uyd


    ue;sjrKfha md,sfka;=jg
    f;am;ajQfha isf,dka bkahka
    fldka.%ia mlaIh ^miq lf,l
    ,xld llre fldka.%ihjqfha
    fuhhs& ksfhdackh lrka"
    tjlg ;,jlef,a ckao
    fldGdYfhka je ckao 10"000
    wdikak m%udKhla ,nd .ksks'
    fuys we;s fYaI;ajh k
    fu;=ud 1939 /lshdj ioyd
    isf,dka bkahka fldka.%ia
    mlaIhg inkaO jqjo t;=udf.a
    lemu ksid yd Wiia bx.%Sis
    NdId oekqu ksid j;=lrfha o<
    ck;dj ksfhdackh lsug uyd
    ue;sjrKh ioyd mlaIh fudyq
    bm;a lsuhs'

    mdif,ka bj;a jQ miq fu;=ud


    1937 fl l,la kqjrt<sh
    .dKs uyd oHd,fha yd yegka
    fuf;daia; oHd,fhka o
    .=rejD;a;sfha fh we;' miq
    lf,l j;= llre m%cdjf.a
    Wkak;sh Wfoid ;udf.au
    mdi,la mQ~qf,dah k.rfha l
    ;df.da wdrN lr ;snQ njgo
    f;dr;=rejd;d f'
    Odldrfhka j;= lrfha o<
    m%cdjf.a Wkak;sh Wfoid
    l%shd;aul we;s fu;=udf.ka
    j;auka o< kdhlhskago Wlyd
    .; yels lreKq fndfydahehs uu
    is;'

    1947 isg 1952 olajd md,sfka;=


    uka;%Sjrfhl= f,i lghq;= l,
    fu;=ud ish j;= m%cdjg ckao
    n,h" mqrjeis whs;sh ,nd.ekSu
    ioyd w;s Yd, fufyhla
    bgqlrk ,o kdhlfhl= nj wjq
    71 wdhq j<od wNdjm%dma; jQ t;=ud
    inkaOfhka md,sfka;=f
    1984 fkdje 30 k meje;s
    fYdalh m, lsf fhdackdf
    tjlg md,sfka;= lghq;=
    wud;H yd iNd kdhl kaika
    fmfrd" miq lf,l
    wdKavqldrjrfhl= jQ fld;auf,a
    uyck uka;%S wdkkao oikdhl
    ^Y%S ,x ks m&" .%dh ludka;
    ixjOk wud;H fi!huQ;s
    f;dkavudka ^,xld llre
    fldka.%ih& " bv yd bv
    ixjOk wud;H yduyje,s

    tjlg bkah iNjhla iys;


    o< mqoa.,hskag Y%S ,xldf
    mqrjeisNdjh fkd;snQK neka ta
    ioyd Yd, fufyhla l,

    md,sfka;= uka;%Sjrfhl= jQ
    miqj 1948 wxl 18 orK mqrjeis
    mk; wkqj fudyqg wdrlaIl yd
    foaY lghq;= wud;HdxYfha
    f,al iska tjlg w.%dud;H '
    weia' fiakdkdhl ue;s;=udf.a
    w;aikska hq;=j ksl=;al,
    ksfokhlska mqrjeisNdjh ,nd
    ;su b;du;a iqfYaIs lreKla
    h' ;u j;= ck;dj fjkqfjka
    wjqre 45 la ;siafia isf,dka
    bkahka fldka.%ia" m%cd;ka;%jd
    llre fldka.%ih" Y%S ,xld
    jD;a;Sh i;s if,kh" ,xld
    llre fldka.%ih iy llre
    cd;sl ix.uh wd foaYmd,k
    mlaI yd jD;a;Sh i;s
    ksfhdackh lrka iqfYaIs
    fufyhla bgql, fu;=ud 1972
    kqjrt<sh uiafl<sh w;=re
    ue;sjrKhgo iajdkj ;r lr
    we;' isf,dka bkahka fldka.%ia
    mlaIfha uyd f,al yd iu
    f,al f,i jir 09 l=;a"
    m%cd;ka;%jd llre
    fldka.%ifha Wm iNdm;s f,i;a
    lghq;= l, fyf;u 1959 bka
    bj;aj ,xld llre
    fldka.%ifha idudl;ajh ,eh'
    llre fldka.%ifha is ld,h
    ;=, fudyq iska m, l,
    fldka.%ia ksjqia mlaIfha
    Wkak;shg uy;afia n,md we;ehs
    mejfia' miqj 1965 llre
    cd;sl ix.uh msysgqjd .kska
    tys uyd f,al yd Wm iNdm;s
    f,i Yd, fufyhla bgqlr
    we;' 1984 fkdje 19 k ish
    ;fhka iuq.ksoa fu;=ud
    llre cd;sl ix.ufha
    WmfoaYl Ndrlre f,i lghq;=
    lr we;' ish jD;a;Sh i;s
    ;fha jvd;a iDcqj lghq;= lr
    we;s fu;=ud 1946 isl,
    fkiafuhd y;d,h llre
    Woaf>daIk j, bfhkau we;'
    foaYsh yd foaYsh jD;a;Sh i;s
    if,k /ila ioyd iyNd.S
    we;s fyf;u jpkfha miudma;
    w:fhkau o< jD;a;Sh i;s
    kdhlfhls' t;=ud j;=
    llrejdf.a hqKqj msKsi
    muKla lghq;= lr we;s w;r bka
    lsisfgl uqo,a bmehSula lr
    fkdue;s w;r tu lghq;= j,ska
    Yd, ;Dma;shla ,nd we;'

    45

    Mf - nrg; 2014
    jir 50 muK jk fudyqf.a
    idys;H ;h j;= lrfha
    m%cdjf.a ck ;hg kj
    uqyqKqjrla f.k we;ehs
    mejfia'bx.%Sis yd o, udOHfhka
    .%ka:lrKfhafhkq fyf;u
    udka l%uisxy jeks isxy,
    idys;HOrhka iu muKla
    fkdj bkah idys;HOrhka iu
    o im weiqrla meje;ajq nj
    Tyqf.a fmd; m; mYs,kfha
    uu kslaIKh lf,' ;df.da
    wdNdIh we;sj ldjHlrKfha
    fhKq fu;=udf.a ljH hg
    jir 50 msu ks;af;ka 1982
    uehs ui rka ij f.!rjhg
    md;% we;' fu;=udf.a m%lg
    ksudK lSmhla my; ioyka
    l,;a g jvd ksudK ;sh
    yelsnj ud uy;a j.lSfuka
    ioyka lr'fkdtfia k th
    t;=udg lrk u mqxlula jkq
    we;'

    m%ldYhg m;a Tyqf.a ksudK


    Vishmajini (Verse/Drama)
    First Step (Essay)
    Kaadhal Sithiram (Tamil Novel)
    Wayfarer (Verse/Drama)
    In Ceylon's Tea garden (verse)
    (Were translated to Russian language too)
    In Ceylon's Tea garden (verse)
    Tamil translation by Poet.Sakkthie Bala Iya
    Born to Labour - English
    (Sketches & Anecdotes)
    Veedatravan
    Malainaattu Makkal Paadalgal
    (Collection of Folk songs) Tamil
    Inippadamaatten (Tamil Novel)
    Naadatavar Kathai (Essay in Tamil)
    Vaazhvatra vaazhvu (Tamil Novel)
    In Ceylon's Tea Garden
    (English version & Tamil translation together)

    m%ldYhg m;a fkdjq


    Tyq ,shq .%ka:
    Borderland - English Novel
    The Human Cargo - English Novel
    The Hundredth Day - English Novel
    Paarvathi - Tamil Novel
    Tagore at a glance - English Verse
    Ananda's Dream - English Verse

    ;,x.u m%foaYfha mxj is


    lf;da,sl n. mjq,l

    46

    ;reKshl jQ h%ia jekavj,a


    fukh iu1952 Tla 23 k
    jdy jQ fyf;u tla hKshlf.a
    msfhls' tu hKsh ^fka u,iQh
    uy;ah& isxy, wfhl= yd jdy
    hg we;=,;aj oekg mkaksmsh
    m%foaYfha mxj isk w;r
    fms,aff, uy;ah 2004
    jIfha wNdjm%dma; we;'
    ;,x.u m%foaYfha j;a we;s
    fu;=udg im;uhska fhduq l,
    ,sms j, ,smskh ;snqfKa iS
    fms,aff, uy;d" ;,x.u
    hkqfjka muKs' ta wkqj o<
    cd;slfhla jqj;a isxy, ck;dj
    nyq,j fjfik m,d;lg w;ska
    meK mx jqj;a uy;a
    m%isoahla we;sj ck;djf.a
    wdorh we;sj j;ajQ nj meye,s
    f' fYaIfhkau ioyka l, hq;=
    ldrKh jkafka jhsfka we;s jQ
    O cd;sjd flda,yd,
    iuhkays ;,x.u m%foaYfha
    meje;s o< cd;slhskaf.a ksjdi
    ish,a, cd;sjdka iska .sksn;a
    l,o fu;=ud mxj is ksjig
    lsis ydkshla fkdlsuhs'
    ta t;=ud m%foaYjdiska iu
    meje;ajQ im inehdj
    ksidfjks' foaYmd,ksl jYfhka
    mlaI fjkia jQjo ish tlu
    hKshf.a jdyfha
    idlaIslrefjla f,i w;aika
    ,eug fi!huQ;s f;dKavudka
    wud;H;=udg wdrdOkd l< w;r
    ta ioyd t;=udo meK we;' f
    wkqj foaYmd,ksl ril l lr
    u; ;nd.;a ixialD;shla
    fkdue;s nj f;dKavudka
    wud;Hjrhd fukau fms,aff,
    ue;s;=ud iska fmkajd ;sf'
    fms,aff, ue;s;=udf.a wjika
    lghq;= isl, 1984 fkdje 14
    k jkg tf;la W;=f jeu
    yuqod Nghska /ila tlajr h
    f.dia Tjqkf.a uD; foayo
    fld<U fnd/,af,a iqidk
    Nqfha ysoka lsug f.k wd
    jljdkqj jqjo ysgmq wud;H
    fi!huQ;a f;dKavudka uy;d
    uey;a fu;=udf.a uD;foayh
    ;,x.u ksjfia isg fmd,sia
    wdrlaIdj ueo /f.k;a
    fnd/,af,a islsu b;du;a
    iqfYaIs lreKla f,i ta mjqf,a
    wh wog;a uy;a f.!rjfhka
    isysm;a lr;s'
    f is k j;auka
    foaYmd,k{hskag wo kg jvd;a
    .e,fmk wdoYhka hehs ug
    isf;a' mlaI udre l<o f
    kdhlhska w;r ;snQ ys;j;a lu

    lsis wvqjla fkdKs' wo


    foaYmd,kfha fujeks
    i;amqreIhska fidhd .ekSu
    lsish wmyiq ldhhla jqjo
    fujeks kdhlfhl= j;udkfha
    cd;sl llre ix.ufha
    kdhl;ajh oeu lsish
    wdldrhlg j;= m%cdjg i;=gq h
    yelsj we;ehso uu is;' f
    wdldrhg jx.; yd ysgmq
    kdhlhska we.hSulg ,la lsuo
    lsish wdldrhg Tjqkg lrk
    f.!rjhla f,i uu ols' fuys
    cd;sl llre mlaIfha kdhl yd
    kqjrt,sh ia;%slal md,sfka;=
    uka;s% .re m,ks .nr
    ue;s;=ud yd f,al uhs,ajd.k
    ;s,lrdcd uy;d we;= msila
    iska fu;=udf.a 100 jk ckau
    kh ieuug Yd, l;jHhla
    bgqlrkq ud gq w;r f i;a
    ldhhg odhljQ ieug;a wmf.a
    ia;+;sjka; ysh hq;=h' ukao f
    hq. mqreIhd ish cd;shg wdorh
    lrka ;u cd;sh kd isgqug
    lghq;= l<o cd;s fNao
    we;slrka wka cd;skag ydks jk
    wdldrhg lghq;= lrka ;u
    cd;shg fiajh lsug W;aidy
    fkdoeu meiiq iy.;h'
    j:udkfha wef,ka mj;sk
    cd;s wd. l=, fNao wdh
    fujeks kdhlhska w;ka
    w;S;fha ksudKh fkdu
    j:udkfha j;ajk wmg
    Tjqkf.ka ,enqKq uy.=;u
    odhdohhs' th rf hqKqjg
    iDcqju n,mdk ,' rg hqKqu
    ;=,ska ish cd;Skag iykhla
    ,e we;'
    wjidkfha Y%S ,dxldjg Yd,
    jYfhka foaY ksuh f.k fok
    f;a ludka;h / we;s
    j;=lrfha o< ck;djf.a
    whs;sjdisl kd isgqu ioyd
    ish ;h lem l< m%K
    idys;HOr" uyd l" jD;a;Sh
    i;s kdhl" ysgmq md,sfka;=
    uka;%S" lkakmamka f,aisxy
    fms,aff, ue;s;=udg ksjka iqj
    m;u'
    fujeks wdoYu;a p; Y%S
    ,dxlslhska ;=, fkka k
    we.hSug ,lafjd' fujeks
    kdhlhska .ek weisfuka tjeks
    .=K we;s orejka jhsfka ;j
    ;j;a ysfjd

    trkaok fyaujok

    .re cd;sl NdId yd cd;sl taldnoaO;d


    ksfhdacH wu;H;=udf.a
    fm!oa.,sl f,al

    Mf - nrg; 2014

    kiyaf
    ,yf;fpak;
    vDk;
    kuGf;F
    tpj;jpl;l

    ,g;gbvOJfpwhu;:

    kiyehl;by; cs;stu;fs;
    vOj;jwptpy; Fiwe;jtu;
    fshf ,Ue;jjhYk; gz
    trjpAs;s ngupa
    tPl;Lg; gps;isfs;
    Mq;fpyKk;
    jkpOk; gbf;ff;
    $batrjp gilj;j
    tu;fshf
    ,Ue;jhu;fs; vd;Wk;:

    rptp

    1931 Mk; Mz;L tp];kh[pdp>


    (Vishmajini) 1948 y;
    topg;Nghf;fd; (Wayfarer) Mfpa
    ,uz;LMq;fpy ftpij
    E}y;fis ntspapl;bUe;jhYk;
    1950 fspd; gpwNf kiyehl;L
    kz;tsk; kpf;fjhd kiyaf
    kf;fspd; tpbTf;Ff; fhyha;
    mikAk; gilg;Gf;fis juj;
    njhlq;fpatu; rp.tp.NtYg;
    gps;is. ,e;j khw;wk; mtiu
    kiyaf ,yf;fpak; vd;Dk;
    kuGf;F tpj;jpl;ltuhf ek;
    fz;Kd; vOe;J epw;gtu;
    rp.tp.NtYg;gps;is.
    1914y; gpwe;j rp.tp 1931 NyNa
    tp];kh[pdp vd;Dk; Mq;fpyf;
    ftpij ehlf E}iy
    ntspapl;bUf;fpwhu; vd;gjpy;
    ,Ue;Nj kpf ,sk; tajpNyNa
    mtu; vOj;jpy; nfhz;bUe;j
    Mu;tk; GydhfpwJ.

    Kg;gJfSf;F Kd;ndOe;j
    kiyaf ,yf;fpak; gw;wpa
    jd;Dila 'GJik ,yf;fpak;"
    vd;Dk; fl;Liuapy; rp.tpNa

    'jh$u;> rNuh[pdp Njtp Nghd;w


    ,e;jpaf; ftpQu;fspd;
    gilg;Gf;fSk; nkhlu;d; uptpA+
    ,d;bad; uptpA+ Mfpa
    rQ;rpiffSk; ngupatPl;Lg;
    gps;isfiskpfTk; ftu;e;jd.
    ,e;j ce;Jjypy; Ml;gl;ltu;
    fshf ]p.tp.NtYg;gps;is>
    Nf.fNz\; MfpNahu;
    vOj;Jg;gpuNtrk; nra;jdu;"
    vd;Wk; jkpo; ehl;by;
    ,Ue;JtUk; Gytu;fs;>
    ftpQu;fs; MfpNahu; ,g;ngupa
    tPLfSf;F nrd;W jq;fp
    ciuahbg; Nghthu;fs;.
    ,tu;fspd; tUif ,yf;fpa
    czu;r;rpia tsu;j;jJ" vd;Wk;
    vOJfpwhu;.
    mg;gbahd xU ngupa tPl;Lg;
    gps;is jhd; xU rfhg;gj;jpd;
    Fuy; vd kiyafj;jpy; xypj;j
    rp.tp. NtYg;gps;is vd;gij
    ,yFthfg; Gupe;J nfhs;s
    Kbfpd;wJ.

    njsptj;ij N[hrg;
    ,isQu; rptpf;F ftp jh$u; kPJ
    mstw;w <LghL ,Ue;jJ. xU
    gf;jp$l ,Ue;jJ. MfNtjhd;
    jdJ gjpNdohtJ tajpy; jhd;
    ahj;j tp];kh[pdp vd;Dk;
    ftpij ehlf mq;fpy E}iy
    jh$u; ,yq;if te;jpUe;jNghJ
    mtuplk; gf;jp rpuj;ijAld;
    ifapj;J Mrpngw;W
    kfpo;e;jpUf;fpwhu;.
    rpWfij> ehty;>
    ehlfk;> fl;Liu>
    ftpij> ghly;
    ,Wjpahf Xtpak;
    vd;W midj;Jj;
    JiwfisAk;
    ifahz;ltu; jh$u;.
    Mdhy; mtu; rhjid
    fhl;baJk; jdpKj;jpiu
    gjpj;jJ ftpijapy;jhd;.

    rptpAk; kf;fs; ftpkzp


    vd;Wjhd; Nghw;wg;gl;lhu;. In
    Ceylon's Tea Garden vd;Dk;
    ,tUila Mq;fpyf; ftpij
    E}y; gw;wpa kjpg;Giuapy;
    ',yq;if Njrj;jpd; jh$u; ,tu;
    vd;W vOjpAs;sJ 'fy;fp".
    gk;gha; ghuj N[hjp> nrd;id
    `pe;J> ,d;bad; uptp
    Nghd;witfSk; ,e;j E}y;
    gw;wp rpyhfpj;J vOjpAs;sd.
    tp];kh[pdpf;Fg; gpwF>
    topg;Nghf;fd; vd;Dk; Mq;fpy
    ftpij E}iy ntspapl;L
    ,tUila Ik;gJf;F Ke;jpa
    vOj;Jf;fs; jh$u; ghzpap
    yike;j moFk; czu;Tg;
    ngUf;Fk; nfhz;l
    ftpijfshfNt ,Ue;jd.
    'Ks;Kbia fow;wp
    itj;Jtpl;L ntspNa te;Njd;"
    vd;W Re;ju uhkrhkp
    Fwpg;gpl;lJ Nghy;> 1950fspd;
    Kw;gFjpapy; rhk;uh[;a
    ehLfspy; Kjd;ik ,lk;
    tfpf;Fk; XtpaUk; ftpQUkhd
    N[hu;[; fPw; mtu;fisr; re;jpj;j
    gpd;Ng ,yf;fpathjpahNdd;.
    kiyehl;bd; kz;tsj;Jf;Fk;
    vdJ ftdk; jpUk;gpaJ" vd;W
    rp.tpNa $wpas;shu;.
    mjd; gpwF> Gwf;fzpf;fg;gl;
    lJk; xLf;fg;gl;lJkhd
    kiyaf r%fj;jpd; mty
    epiyfis vy;iyfSf;fg;
    ghYk; nfhz;L nrd;wtu; rptp.
    Njhl;lj;J kf;fspd;
    gupjhgfukhd tho;f;ifia
    ntspAyFf;F vLj;Jf;fhl;Lk;
    gzpapid ,tUila
    Mq;fpyg; gilg;Gf;fs;
    mUikahfr; nra;jd.
    1954y; ntspte;j
    ',yq;ifj;
    Njapiyj;
    Njhl;lj;jpNy"
    vd;Dk; Mq;fpyf;
    ftpij E}Ny
    ,tUf;F
    VNfhgpj;j
    GfioAk;>

    47

    Mf - nrg; 2014
    gutyhd mwpKfj;ijAk; Xu;
    ,yf;fpa me;j];ijAk; <l;bj;
    je;jJ. Mq;fpy %yj;jpy; ,Ue;J
    u\;a nkhopapy; nkhopngau;f;
    fg;gl;Ls;s ,e;jf;ftpij E}y;
    1969y; XtpaUk; ftpQUkhd
    rf;jP m. ghyma;ahtpdhy;
    jkpopy; nkhopngau;j;J
    ntspaplg;gl;lJ. uhKehf
    ypq;fk; mtu;fspd; nra;jpg;
    gjpg;gfk; ,g;gzpapid.
    nra;Js;sJ.
    ed;F gd;gLj;jg;gl;l Xu;
    ,Ujaj;ij kiyafk; jd;
    tuyhw;wpy; tUba NghJ
    ,ay;gha; cUz;l vOj;Jf;fs;
    ,it.

    'jh$Uf;F' xU ftpQdhfNt
    fhl;rp mspf;fpd;whd;.
    xU ftpQdpd; kdepiyapy;
    ,Ue;jgbNa Md;kPfk;>
    murpay;> ,yf;fpak; vd;W
    rfyijAk; ghu;j;jNj
    midj;ijAk; ghu;j;jNj
    mtuila gyKk; gytPdKk;
    MFk; vd;fpd;wdu; jh$iu
    tpku;rpg;gtu;fs;.
    rptpAk; xU ftpQdpd;
    kdepiyapy; ,Ue;Nj
    midj;ijAk; Nehf;fpdhu;.
    Mdhy; mJNt mtUf;F
    gykhf mike;Jtpl;lJ.
    jh$u; xUKiw 1937y; rhe;jp
    epNfjdj;jpy; 24 kzpNeuk;
    gpuf;iQ ,oe;jpUe;jhu;.
    itj;jpau;fspd; ngUKaw;rpahy;
    KOikahd xUehspd; gpd;Ng
    jd;Dzu;T ngw;whu;. me;j 24
    kzpNeuj;jpy; thoTf;Fk;
    kuzj;Jf;Fkhd Nghuhl;l
    Neuj;jpy; mtuJ mbkdJ
    mile;j mDgtk; kuz
    czu;T mOj;jk; Mfpad
    gpd;du; ftpijahf
    ntspte;jd. me;jf;
    ftpijfspd; njhFg;G the
    Boarder land vd;Dk; ngaUld;
    ntspte;jJ.
    rptp Mq;fpyj;jpy; vOjpa
    mtuhNyNa gpd;du; jkpo;
    gLj;jg;gl;L jpdfudpy;
    njhluhf ntspte;j ehty; the
    Boarder land

    ftpQu; rf;jPghy ma;ahtpdhy;


    nkhopngau;f;fg;gl;bUe;j
    NghjpYk; rw;Nw tpj;jpahrkhd
    eilapy; kPz;Lk; vd;Dk;
    Fwpg;Gld; jpU.N[hjp Fkhupd;
    ee;jyhyh ,jo;
    njhz;Z}Wfspd; Muk;gj;jpy;
    xUkPs; nkhop ngau;g;gpid
    Muk;gpj;jJ. Mdhy;
    njhlutpy;iy.
    vd; tho;tpd; mgj;jq;fSk;
    frLfSk; cUfp Xu;
    ,d;dpirahftope;NjhLfpwJ.
    Vd; ghlypy; kfpo;Tnfhs;fpwPu;.
    Jq;fspd; Kd;
    xUghlfdhfjjhd; ehd;
    tuKbAk;.
    ngUq;ftpQNdvdJghjq;fsp
    dbapy; ehd; mku;e;jpUf;fpNwd;.

    (jh$u; -fPjhQ;ryp) jdf;F mUs;


    ghypf;Fk; jd;id
    Ml;nfhs;Sk; ,iwtDk; $l

    48

    ehopf;F ehop tPjpapy; epd;W vd;


    ahopid vLj;J fPjj;ij
    ,irg;Ngd;
    <oj;jpd; khDlu;f;fha;
    Tay; Gy;ntspfspYk;
    Njapiyug;gu; Njhl;lq;fspYk;
    Gpwe;jpl;lkhDlu;f;fha;
    Mk; ehd; fhjypf;Fk;
    mtu;fSf;fha;

    vd;gJ Njapiyj;
    Njhl;lj;jpNy vd;Dk;
    E}Yf;fhd rptpapd;
    rku;g;gztupfs;.
    jh$upd; ghy; ,tUf;Fz;lhd
    kjpg;ig> <Lghl;il ,it
    Jy;ypakhff; fhl;Lfpd;wd.
    rptp rpWfijahsuy;y. Mdhy;
    kiyafj;jpd; ,yf;fpa
    tpopg;Gzu;r;rpf;F ,tu; Mw;wpa
    gq;fspg;G kfj;jhdJ.

    'ehd; xU ftpQd; my;y.


    vOj;jhsd; $l my;y Mdhy;
    vOJtjw;F ehd; Nju;e;njLj;j
    fUg;nghUl;fNs ,d;iwa
    vdJ ngUikf;Ff; fhuzk;.
    ciof;Fk; ,e;j kiyafj;J
    kf;fisg; gw;wp vOj Muk;gpj;j
    gpwNf ehd; ngUikg;gLj;jg;
    gl;Nld;" vd;W gpw;fhyj;jpy;
    rp.tp. mbf;fb $WtJz;L.
    kQ;Nrup <];tud; 1935 ,y;
    Short Story vd;W khj rQ;rpif
    ntspapl;lijg;Nghy; 'fij"
    vd;nwhU khj rQ;rpifiaAk;
    rp.tp. ntspapl;lhu;. Fangyfield
    Talangama vd;Dk;
    tpyhrj;jpypUe;J 'fij" Xu;
    ,jo; kl;LNk te;jJ. rf;jP ghy
    Iahtpd; ml;il Xtpaj;Jld;
    ehw;gJ rj tpiyapy; ntspte;j
    ,t;tpjopd; jiyaq;fj;jpy;
    rp.tp. ,g;gb vOJfpd;whu;.
    'jkpo; ehl;bypUe;J gy;NtW
    gj;jpupiffs; tUfpd;wd. ekJ
    Gj;jf rhiyfis
    myq;fupf;fpd;wd ekJ
    fiyiaAk; fyhrhuj;ijAk;
    ekJ gz;ghl;bw;Nfw;gg;
    ghJfhf;fTk; cjTfpd;wd.
    'jkpo; ,yf;fpa [Ptejp
    ngUf;nfLj;Njhl ehk;
    nfhz;Ls;s gq;F vd;d? ekJ
    ,jaj;jpd; Jbg;gpNy
    rpe;jidapd; Xl;lj;jpNy Gjpa
    gy vOj;Njhtpaq;fs; gilf;f
    Ntz;Lk;. ,e;jg; gzpiar;
    nra;tNj fijapd; Nehf;fk;
    my;y. ehl;bNy Nfhu eu;j;jdk;
    GupAk; tWikiaAk;
    Jd;gj;ijAk; vLj;Jf;fhl;l
    fij KaYk;. mj;NjhL ehl;by;
    fij tsu Ntz;Lk; vd;gNj
    ekJ mth.
    ',yq;if vOj;jhsu;fspd;
    ,d;gg; gilg;Gfisj; jkpo;
    kf;fSf;Ff; fij rku;g;gpf;Fk;
    njhopyhsu;fsplj;jpNy
    Njhd;wpAs;s ,sk;
    vOj;jhsu;fis Cf;Ftpj;J>
    mtu;fs; ,yf;fpak; gilf;f
    'fij" ,jpypUe;J rp.tp.apd;
    ,yf;fpa Nehf;fk; Gupfpd;wJ.
    tho;tpd; kpjg;igg; Nghw;wpf;
    nfhz;bUe;j Mde;jtpfld;>
    fiykfs; Nghf;fpw;nfjpuhf
    vq;Fk; njd;gLk;
    tWikiaAk; NehiaAk;
    Muha;r;rp nra;a Kide;j

    Mf - nrg; 2014
    kzpf;nfhbapd; cd;djj;ij
    rp.tp.apd; fij
    epidTgLj;JfpwJ.
    kdpjid kdpjuhff;
    fhzKbe;j ghu;itapd;
    rf;jpjhd; mbj;jl;L kf;fspd;
    rhjhuz tho;itf;$lg;
    Gdpjkhdjhf cau;j;jpf;
    fhl;LfpwJ. ,ijr; nra;jtu;fs;
    'kzpf;nfhb"f; FOtpdu;.
    ciof;Fk; kf;fspd;
    czu;Tf;Fk; kjpg;gspf;Fk;
    kdk; mtu;fspilNa ,Ue;jJ.
    jh$upd; 'fG+ypthyh' rpWfij
    ,ijj;jhd; nra;fpwJ. jkpOf;F
    ,e;jf; fij$l 'kzpf;nfhb"
    %ykhfNt te;J Nru;e;jJ.
    njhopyhsu; tu;f;fj;jpilNa
    Njhd;wpAs;s ,sk;
    vOj;jhsu;fisf; 'fij"
    muq;fj;Jf;Ff; nfhz;L tUk;
    vd;Dk; $w;W vijf;
    fhl;LfpwJ?
    jkpo; ehl;bypUe;J te;jpwq;fp
    ekJ Gj;jf rhiyfis
    myq;fupf;Fk; gytpjkhd
    gj;jpupiffs; gw;wp rp.tp xd;Wk;
    Nfhgkhff; $whtpl;lhYk;>
    mitfspd; Nghf;fpw;nfjpuhfr;
    nraw;gLk; cs;Nehf;FlNdNa
    'fij"ia ntspaplj;
    njhlq;fpdhu; vd;gJjhd;
    cz;ik.
    fijapd; Kjy; ,jopy; rf;jp
    ghiyah tp.v];. ehjd;
    MfpNahupd; ftpijfs;
    b.,uhkehjd;> j.u/Ngy;> ee;jp>
    nrhf;fd;> vr;.vk;.gp.nkh`pjPd;>
    ngh.fpU\zrhkp MfpNahupd;
    rpWfijfs; Mfpait ,lk;
    ngw;Ws;sd.
    eNlra;aiug; Nghy;
    ntspapypUe;J te;jtuhf
    ,y;yhky; Njhl;lj;jpNyNa
    gpwe;J tsu;e;j rp.tpf;F
    ,k;kf;fspd; mty tho;T
    ed;whfg; guPl;rakhdJ.
    ,k;kf;fspd; czu;TfSld;
    kpf neUf;fkhdtuhf mtu;
    ,Ue;jhu;.
    jh$upd; yapg;Gld; kiyaf
    ehl;lhu; ghly;fspy; mjpf
    <LghLilatuhfTk; ,Ue;jhu;.
    kiyaf kf;fspd; tha;nkhopg;
    ghly;fs; vd;Dk; tifapid
    ntspf;nfhz;L te;jtUk;
    rp.tpNa Mthu;;. tPuNfrupapd;
    Mrpupauhfj; jpU.ney;iyah
    ,Ue;jNghJ ,tUila

    fl;Liufs; tPuNfrupapy;
    mbf;fb te;jd.
    1952y; 'Njapiyj;
    Njhl;lj;jpNy" vd;Dk;
    ftpijr; rpj;jpuq;fs; ilk;];
    Mg; rpNyhdpy; ntsptuj;
    njhlq;fpd. Njapiyj;
    Njhl;lk; vd;gJ xU kz;zpd;
    nfsutj;Jld; 'kiyehL"
    vd;W Fwpf;fg;gl;lJ.

    jkpopy; vOjpa tPlw;wtd;


    FWehtypy; ,e;jpa
    tk;rhtspapduhd kiyehl;L
    kf;fsJ tQ;rpf;fg;gl;l
    tho;f;ifapd; xU rpW
    gFjpiaj; njhl;Lf; fhl;l
    Kw;gl;Nld;. fly; fle;J

    ,f;ftpijfs; %ykhfNtjhd;.
    ,f;ftpijfs; E}yhf
    ntspte;jNghJ 'fw;gidAk;
    rhe;jKk; kpFe;j ,tuJ
    ftpijfspd; MNtrf;Fuypy;
    kiyehl;L Vio kf;fspd;
    ,jaj; Jbg;igj; njspthff;
    Nfl;fyhk;" vd;W ghuj;
    N[hjpapy; [f;Nkhfd;
    vOjpdhu;.
    mkuu; Nf. ifyhrgjp
    jpdfudpy; Mrpupag;
    nghWg;Ngw;w Ik;gJfspy;
    rp.tpapd; 'tho;tw;w tho;T"
    'vy;iyg;Gwk;"; Mfpa
    ehty;fs; njhlu;fijahf
    te;jd. ,uz;LNk
    Mq;fpyj;jpy; vOjg;gl;lit.
    'tho;tw;w tho;it"
    ngh.fpU\;zrhkp
    jpdfuDf;fhf
    nkhopg;ngau;j;jhu;. 'vy;iyg;
    Gwj;ij" rp.tpNa jkpo;g;gLj;jpf;
    nfhLj;jhu;. 'ghu;tjp" vd;Dk;
    ehty; rp.tpahy; NeubahfNt
    jkpopy; vOjg;gl;lJ. ,JTk;
    jpdfudpy; njhluhf ntspte;j
    ehtNy.
    'tPlw;wtd;" vd;Dk; ehty;
    tPuNfrupapy; njhluhf te;J
    K.epj;jpahde;jd; mtu;fshy;
    itfiw ntspaPlhf 1981 y;
    ntspaplg;gl;lJ.
    vz;gJfspd; ,df;fytuq;
    fisg; gpd;dzpahff; nfhz;l
    ',dpg;glkhl;Nld;" vd;Dk;
    ehty; tPuNfrupapy;
    njhlu;fijahf te;J gpwF
    E}YUg; ngw;wNj. 1984y;
    kPdhl;rp Gj;jf epiyak;
    ,e;ehtiy ntspapl;lJ.
    'tPlw;wtd;" ,uz;lhk; gjpg;Gk;
    (NCBH) ',dpg;glkhl;Nld;"
    ehtYk; jkpofj;jpy; ntspte;j
    mNj 1984y; rp.tp. kUj;Jt
    kidapy; mDkjpf;fg;
    gl;bUe;jhu;.
    'gy tUlq;fSf;F Kd;
    tPuNfrupapy; ehd; Kjd; Kjypy;

    ,yq;if te;J Nru;e;j


    ,k;kf;fs;> fg;gYf;fhd
    nrytpid khj;jpuky;y topapy;
    cz;l czf;fhd
    nrytpidAk; $lj; jd;idf;
    nfhz;L te;J Nru;j;j
    fq;fhzpf;Fj; jpUg;gpf; nfhLf;f
    Ntz;Lk; vd;w epajp md;W
    ,Ue;jJ. mg;gbf; nfhLj;J
    Kbj;jtu;fisNa fldw;wtu;
    fshff; fzpf;fyhk;. Mdhy;
    ,J Mff;$ba fhupakhf
    ,Uf;ftpy;iy. vdNt
    fpl;lj;jl;l E}W tUlq;fsha;
    mtd; mlu;e;J tsu;e;jpUe;j
    ,e;jj; Njapiyr; nrbfsp
    ilNa fldhspahfNt
    ,Ue;jhd;. ,J mtdJ
    Jd;gpay; tho;tpd; xU Jsp.
    vd;W tPlw;wtd; ,uz;lhk;
    gjpg;gpd; Kd;Diuapy; rp.tp.
    vOJfpd;whu;.
    ml;il ,uj;jk; Fbf;Fk; ,J
    ,aw;if epajp. Mdhy;
    ciof;Fk; kiyafj;J Vio
    kf;fspd; ,uj;jj;ij vj;jid
    tpjkhd ml;ilfs; cwpQ;rpf;
    Fbf;fpd;wd. ngupajhd
    nts;is ml;ilfs;> fq;fhzp
    ml;ilfs;> tl;bf;Ff; fhR
    nfhLf;Fk; ml;ilfs;> murpay;

    49

    Mf - nrg; 2014
    ml;ilfs;> Njhl;lf;
    filf;fhu ml;ilfs;>
    gh];Nghu;l; tprh ml;ilfs;>
    ,g;NghJ Gjpjhf gpu[h cupik
    ml;ilfs; ,j;jid
    ml;ilfs; cwpQ;rpa gpd;
    clypy; ,uj;jk; VjhtJ
    kPjkpUf;Fkh vd;W Nfl;fpd;whu;
    Born to Labour vd;Dk;
    rpj;jpuq;fspy;.
    nkl;uh]; nkapy;> rz;Nl
    xg;rtu;> rz;Nl ilk;]; Mfpa
    VLfspy; rp.tp vOjpa ,e;j
    eilr; rpj;jpuq;fs; 1970 y; 'Born
    to Labour' vd;Dk; jiyg;gpy;
    vk;.b. FNzNrd epWtdj;
    jpduhy; ntspaplg;gl;lJ.
    etPd rpq;fs ,yf;fpaj;jpd;
    gpjhkfdhd mkuu; khu;bd;
    tpf;ukrpq;f ,e;j 'Born to Labour'
    E}y; gw;wpf; Fwpg;gpLifapy;>
    ciof;Fk; kiyaf kf;fs;
    tho;tpd; rpd;dr; rpd;d
    rk;gtq;fis rpe;jidj;
    J}z;Lk; tz;zk;
    rpWfijNghy; Ritglj;
    jUfpd;whu; Mrpupau;.
    ,k;kf;fs;ghy; mtupd; gupTk;>

    tho;epiy gw;wpa mtupd;


    kdNehTk; xt;nthU
    rpj;jpuq;fspD}Lk; E}yhf
    ,ioe;J ,k;kf;fs; FOtpd;
    tho;tpay;Gfis xU njhlu;
    fhl;rpahff; fhl;Lfpd;wd.
    ,yq;ifiaj; jq;fsJ jha;
    ehlhf Nerpf;Fk; rfy
    kf;fspdJk; neUf;fkhd

    50

    cwtpdu;fshfNt ,e;jj;
    Njhl;lj;J kf;fSk;
    ,Uf;fpd;wdu; vd;gij>
    NtYg;gps;isapd; E}iy
    thrpg;Nghu; xt;nthUtUk;
    czuNt nra;tu; vd;W
    vOJfpd;whu;.
    'Born to Labour is an interesting
    collection of sketches: studies an
    anecdotes which reveal many
    aspects of life of the estate labour
    community. The authors sympathy
    for and insight onto the life of
    estate labourers run like a thread
    through these anecdotal studies
    giving the collection the
    continuous form of an ethnological
    essay. those who read velupillai's
    book will begin to feel that estate
    labours are kith and kin of all
    common peoples who tread Ceylon
    as their mother country' (Martin
    Wickramanasinghe)

    rp.tpf;F ehl;lhupyf;fpaj;jpy;
    Mo;e;j <LghL cz;L.
    mtUila ciueil ntw;wpf;F
    ,e;j ehl;lhu;ghly; <LghLk;
    xU ftpQdpd; kdepiyANk
    Kf;fpaf; fhuzq;fshaike;jd.
    mlu;e;j ,e;jf; fhLfSf;Fs;
    ,g;gb xUtifg; ghly;
    ,Uf;fpwJ vd;gij mb
    vLj;Jf; fhl;ba ngUikAk;
    ,tiuNa Nru;fpwJ.
    xU thdk;ghbiag; gw;wpa
    gioa fij xd;Wz;L. jdJ
    cliy Ks;spNy ijj;J
    ,jaj;ij Ks;spy; Nky; itj;J
    mOj;jp ,uj;jk; nrhl;lr;
    nrhl;lf; Fuiy vOg;gp fPjk;
    ,irj;jjhk; me;j thdk;ghb.
    mkuj;Jtk; tha;e;j mjd; fPjk;
    ,uj;jj;jpypUe;Jk; Ntjid
    apypUe;Jk; gpwe;jnjhd;whFk;.
    Njhl;lg; gFjpfspNy cs;s
    mw;Gjkhd ehNlhbg;
    ghly;fspy; ngUk;ghyhdit
    ngz;fSf;Nf cupait. ,e;j
    ghly;fisg; ghLk; ,e;jg;
    ngz;fSk; ,e;j thdk;ghb
    Nghyj;jhd;.
    'Njhl;lg; ngz;fs;
    fk;ngdpf;Fr; rk;ghjpj;Jf;
    nfhLf;Fk; ciog;ghspfs;.
    FLk;gj;ijg; guhkupg;gtu;fs;.
    fztDf;Fg; gzptpil nra;J>
    Foe;ijfisg; Ngzp FLk;g
    tho;it elj;Jtjw;F
    eLehafkhf tpsq;Fgtu;fs;.

    kiyapYk; yaj;jpYkhf
    ehnshd;Wf;Fg; gjpNdO
    kzpNeu Xa;T xopr;rypd;wp
    ghLgLgtu;fs;. mij vy;yhk;
    nra;J nfhz;Nl ghl;Lk;
    ghLfpwhu;fs;. ciog;NghL
    tho;NthL kf;fs; ,yf;fpak;
    cjakhfpwJ' vd;nwOJ
    fpd;whu; rp.tp. NtYg;gps;is
    (Kw;Nghf;F vOj;jhsu; kd;wk;:
    GJik ,yf;fpak; rpwg;G kyu;
    1962)
    fiyfs; ahtw;wpYk; mit
    cUthfpa fhyj;J tuyhW
    Kj;jpiuahfg; nghwpf;fg;
    gl;bUf;Fk;. fhyj;Jf;Ff;
    fhl;Lg;gl;Lk; fhyj;ijf;
    fle;Jk; ,q;Fk; gz;Gfs;
    nfhz;litNa ,yf;fpaq;fshf;
    nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wd. ,yf;fpak;
    rKjhaj;jpd; gpupf;fKbahj Xu;
    mk;rk;. mJ rKjhaj;jpd;
    Mokhd tp\aq;fisj; Njb
    ,izj;J xd;WgLj;jp
    cUtKk; nfhLf;fpwJ.
    tpsf;fKk; nfhLf;fpd;wJ.
    ,yf;fpaj;Jf;F rKjhaj;Jf;Fk;
    cs;s ,g;gpizg;Ng r%f
    rPu;j;jpUj;jf;fhuuhff; fpsk;gpa
    eNlra;aiu ,yf;fpa
    thjpahfTk; r%fr;
    NritahsuhfTk; gupzkpf;f
    itj;Js;sJ.
    gs;sp Mrpupau;> ftpQu;>
    njhopw;rq;fthjp> ,yq;ifapd;
    Kjy; ghuhSkd;wj;jpy;
    jythf;fiyj; njhFjpapd;
    ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpduhd
    murpay;thjp> gj;jpupif
    Mrpupau; vd;W vj;jid
    gupkhzq;fisf; nfhz;ltuhf
    ,Ue;jpUf;fpd;whu; ,e;jkdpju;.
    ,yq;ifapYk; ntspapYk;
    cs;s tpku;rfu;fs; rp.tp
    mtu;fspd; ftpijfisg;
    gw;wpAk; gpw vOj;Jfisg;
    gw;wpAk; cau;thf
    kjpg;gpl;Ls;sdu;. Nguhrpupau;
    ifyhrgjp$l> RNjrpa
    Nkw;fj;jpa tPr;Rfspd; Nru;it
    ahfTk; ajhu;j;jj;jpdJk;
    ,yl;rpathjj;jpdJ
    Nru;itahfTk; NtYg;gps;isf;
    fhz;fpd;whu; vd;W
    Fwpf;fpd;whu; jq;fNjtd;
    (ky;ypif rp.tp.ml;ilg; glf;
    fl;Liu Nk - 1979)
    me;j mWgJ vOgJ
    fhyq;fspy; kiyaf ,yf;fpak;

    Mf - nrg; 2014
    gw;wpg; Ngrf; $batu;fs;$l
    rp.tp.apd; Mq;fpy vOj;Jf;fs;
    gw;wpg; Ngrj; jaq;ftpy;iy.
    rp.tp. rpy rpe;jidfs; vd;Dk;
    jdJ E}ypy; rhuy; ehld; ,ij
    mofhff; fhl;bAs;shu;.
    kiyaf ,yf;fpaf; fu;j;jhf;fs;
    ,yq;ifapd; jkpo; ,yf;fpa
    cyfpYk; tpku;rf tl;lj;jpYk;
    mq;fPfhuj;ijg; ngwhJ
    Nghdhu;fs;. rp.tpapd;
    vOj;Jf;fs; ,e;jg;
    Gwf;fzpg;ig kPwp ntw;wp
    ngw;wd. ,e;jf; FWfpa ,yf;fpa
    tpku;f mq;fPfhuj;ijg;
    ngwhkNyNa ,yf;fpakhf
    kpspu;e;jd. mjw;fhd fhuzk;
    mit Mq;fpyj;jpy;
    vOjg;gl;likNa. gpurpj;jkhd
    ,tuJ Mq;fpyg; gilg;Gf;
    fisg; gw;wpf; Fwpg;gpl;L
    vOJtijg; ngUikahff;
    fUjpdhu;fs; rpy jkpo;
    tpku;rfu;fs;. ,J xU
    tprpj;jpuk;jhd;. (rp.tp. rpy
    rpe;jidfs; rhuy;ehld;. gf;fk;
    8)
    rp.tpapd; ehl;lhupyf;fpa Mu;tk;
    gw;wpAk; kiyaf ehl;lhu;
    ghly;fis mwpKfk; nra;j
    gzp gw;wpAk; ,f;fl;Liuapy;
    Kd;Ng Fwpg;gpl;bUe;Njd;.
    gzk; Nru;g;gjw;Nfh> gl;lk;
    ngWtjw;Nfh md;wp>
    cz;ikahd rKjha
    czu;Tld; mtu; elj;jpa
    Njly; ,J. jhd; Njbj;
    jpul;ba ,itfisj; njhFj;J
    xU E}yhf;fptpl Ntz;Lk;
    vd;gJk; mtUila mlq;fh
    Mty;. ,k;kiyaf ehl;Lg;
    ghly;fis xU E}yhfj;
    njhFj;JtpLk; gzpapy; mtu;
    ,wq;fpdhu;. Mdhy; Gj;jfk;
    mtUf;Fg; gpbf;ftpy;iy.
    MfNt mr;Rf;$lj;jpypUe;J
    E}iyg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;sNth>
    ntspapl;L itf;fNth
    tpw;gidf;F tplNth
    rp.tp.xg;gtpy;iy. mg;gbNa
    mr;Rf; $lj;jpy; fple;J
    mq;nfhd;W ,q;nfhd;whf
    ntspNa jiyfhl;b ,g;gb
    xU E}y; ntsptutpUe;j
    ntspte;j nra;jpNa$l
    ntspNa tuhky; Ngha;tpl;lJ.
    MdhYk; 1983y; fiyQd;
    gjpg;gfk; kiyehl;L kf;fs;
    ghly;fs; vd;Dk; ngaupy;
    ifyhrgjp mtu;fspd;

    Kd;DiuAld; rp.tp.Njbj;
    jpul;;ba ,g;ghly;fisj;
    njhFjpj;J ntspapl;Ls;sJ.
    1983y; ntspte;j ve;j xU
    E}YNk ,yq;ifapy; gutyhf
    tpepNahfpf;fg;gltpy;iy.
    ,df;fytuj; jPapy;
    ,yq;ifapd; jkpo; kf;fs;
    gwpgl;Lg; gjwpr; rpjwpNahba
    fhyk; mJ. ,e;jpahtpy; 1983y;
    ntspaplg;gl;l ,e;E}iy
    ,q;F vj;jid Ngu;
    ghu;j;jpUg;ghu;fs; vd;gNj
    Gjpu;jhd;.
    kiyaf kf;fSk;> kz;Zk;
    rp.tp.apd; kdj;jpy; kpf
    Mokhfg; gjpe;Jtpl;lit.
    Njhl;lj;J kdpjd;

    kw;wtu;fisg; Nghy;jhd;
    gpwf;fpwhd;> tsu;fpwhd;>
    ciof;fpwhd;> rhfpd;whd;.
    Mdhy; nrj;j gpd; Gijg;gjw;F
    mtDf;F kl;Lk; Vd; Gij Fop
    ,y;iy? ,g;gb ,g;gb
    vy;yhk; tho;e;jhd;. ,g;gb
    ,g;gb vy;yhk; Jau;g;gl;lhd;
    vd;W ahuhtJ xUtu;
    vd;whtJ xU ehs; mtidg;
    Gijj;j me;j kz;Nkl;bd;
    Nky; xU G+itg; gwpj;Jg;
    Nghl;lJz;lh? vd;nwy;yhk;
    Vq;Fk; kdk; mtUf;fpUe;jJ.
    cs;sj;jhYk;> cj;jpNahfj;
    jhYk;$l ,e;j kf;fis tpl;L
    tpyfpg; Ngha;tplhj
    xUtuhfNt mtu; [Ptpj;jhu;.
    ghujpapd; kuz Cu;tyj;jpy;
    gj;Jg; Ngu;$lf; fye;Jf;
    nfhs;stpy;iy vd;W
    gbj;jpUf;fpd;Nwhk; 19.11.1984 y;

    kiwe;J %d;whk; ehs; fhiy


    kf;fs; ftpkzp rp.tp ,Wjp
    Cu;tyk; nrd;wNghJ> vj;jid
    Ngu; gq;Nfw;wpUg;ghu;fs;?
    md;W fhiyapy; NtW murpay;
    fhuzq;fSf;fhf Culq;Fr;
    rl;lk; Nghlg;gl;bUe;jJ.
    kiyafr; rpWfijfspd;
    ,uz;lhk; ghfkhd 55
    kiyafr; rpWfijfs; mlq;fpa
    Jiutpapd; ,uz;lhtJ E}y;
    'ciof;fg; gpwe;jtu;fs;"
    vd;Dk; rp.tpapd; jiyg;
    GlNdNa ntspte;jpUf;fpwJ.
    ,jpy; Kjy; rpWfijahf
    ,lk;ngw;wpUg;gJ rp.tpapd;
    Born to Labour E}ypypUe;J
    nrg];jpad; nkhopngau;j;j
    Golden Earnings vd;gjhFk;.
    ',e;j ,uz;lhtJ rpWfijj;
    njhFjpapd; Kjy;tuhf mkuu;
    rp.tpiaf; nfhs;tjpy; ehq;fs;
    ngUikg;gLfpd;Nwhk;" vd;W
    Kd;Diu Xuplj;jpy; Fwpf;fpwJ.
    khu;bd; tpf;fpukrpq;fh mtu;fs;
    ,e;j Born to Labour Mf;fq;fs;
    gw;wpf; Fwpg;gpLifapy;>
    Anecdote vd;Dk; nrhy;iyg;
    gad;gLj;jpAs;shu;. ,e;j
    Mq;fpy thu;j;ijf;fhd nghUs;
    Mq;fpyj;jpy; ,g;gb ,Uf;fpwJ
    'A very short story dealing with a
    single incident' xNunahU
    jdpg;gl;l rk;gtj;ij tpsf;Fk;
    gz;gpidNa ,itfs;
    nfhz;bUe;jhYk;> ,itfisr;
    rpWfijfs; vd;W Vw;Wf;
    nfhs;s Ntz;ba mtrpak;
    ,y;iy. rp.tp. rpWfijfs;
    vOjtpy;iy vd;gJ
    ve;jtpjj;jpYk; mtUila
    ,yf;fpa me;j];j;ijf;
    Fiwf;fg; Nghtjpy;iy.
    'thuk; xU rpWfij tpUe;J"
    vd;Dk; gFjpia ehd; jpdfud;
    thu kQ;rupapy; vOjpf;
    nfhz;bUe;jNghJ rp.tpaplk;
    ,J gw;wpf; Nfl;Nld;. mg;NghJ
    mtu; vd;dplk; $wpdhu;.
    'nlapyp epA+rpy;" xU rpWfij
    vOjp ,Uf;fpNwd;. ePz;l
    ehl;fSf;F Kd;G gj;jpupif
    eWf;F ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.
    vg;gbahtJ Njbj; jUfpd;Nwd;
    cq;fSf;F" vd;W. Mdhy; mJ
    filrp tiu fpilf;fNt
    ,y;iy. thuk; xU rpWfij
    tpUe;jpy; rp.tp.,lk;ngwTk;
    ,y;iy.

    51

    Mf - nrg; 2014
    Born to Labour E}ypy; ,Ue;J Xu;

    Mf;fj;ij vLj;Jg; ghtpj;Jf;


    nfhs;Sq;fs; vd;W
    rp.tp.Rygkhf vd;dplk;
    $wpapUf;fyhk;. Mdhy;> mtu;
    mg;gbr; nrhy;ytpy;iy.
    Vnddpy;> mitfs;
    rpWfijfs; my;y vd;gJ
    mtUf;Fk; njupAk;.
    Jiutpapd; kiyafr;
    rpWfijfspd; ,uz;lhk;
    ghfkhf ntspte;Js;s ghupa
    ntspaPlhd ciof;fg;
    gpwe;jtu;fs; njhFjpapd;
    Kjy;tuhf rp.tpiaj; njupT
    nra;Js;sikf;Fk; rp.tpapd;
    Mq;fpyg; gilg;Gf;fs; rpy
    rpWfijfshf K.rptypq;fj;jhy;
    mz;ikf; fhyq;fspy;
    nkhopg;ngau;f;fg;gl;L
    ntspaplg;gl;Ls;sikf;Fk;>
    rpWfij gw;wpa ,f;fl;Liuapy;
    rp.tp. gw;wp ,t;tsT tpupthf
    vOJtjw;Fk; fhuzk;> mtiu
    xU rpWfij vOj;jhsuhf
    epiy epWj;jpf; nfhs;tjw;fhf
    my;y. kiyaf vOj;Jf;F
    ,yf;fpa vOr;rpf;F jdJ
    gq;fspg;gpd; %yk; mtu;
    Mw;wpAs;s gzpapidf;
    nfsutpg;gjw;fhfNt.
    Mq;fpyj;jpy; vOjpajd; %yk;
    Jauk; Njha;e;j ,k;kf;fspd;
    tho;it> jkpopd;
    vy;iyfSf;fg;ghYk; nfhz;L
    nrd;w ngUikf;Fupatu; rp.tp.
    vd;gJ xU GwkpUf;f>

    Mq;fpyj;jpy; vOjpa xNu


    fhuzj;jhy; kiyafk; my;yhj
    kw;iwa ,yf;fpaf;fhuu;fs;
    kj;jpapy; xU gutyhd
    mwpKfj;ijAk; vOj;jhs
    me;j];j;ijAk; rp.tp
    ngw;wpUe;jhu;. Mdhy;>
    kiyafj; jkpo; vOj;J>
    ,yf;fpak; nghWj;jtiu Xu;
    me;epauhfNt ,Ue;jpUf;fpd;whu;.
    mWgJf;Fg;gpd; rpypu;j;Jf;
    nfhz;nlOe;j kiyaf
    ,yf;fpak; fz;L G+upj;Jg;
    Nghd rp.tp. Gjpatu;fSld;
    jd;idg; gupl;rak; nra;Jf;
    nfhz;lhu;. GJik ,yf;fpak;
    vd;W mjw;Fg; ngaupl;Lg;
    Nghw;wpdhu;. jd;Dila
    vOj;Jf;fs; jkpopy; tuNtz;b
    ajd; mtrpaj;ij czu;e;jhu;.
    'xU rpy ,lu;ghLfisj; jtpu
    jkpopy; vOJtJ mt;tsT
    rpukkhf ,y;iy. vd;W
    $wpagb rpy gilg;Gf;fisj;
    jkpopNyNa vOjpdhu;.
    Njhl;lj;J tho;it ikakhff;
    nfhz;l ,tUila Kjy;
    ehty; 'tho;tw;w tho;T" ,ij
    mtu; Mq;fpyj;jpy; vOjp
    gp.fpU\;zrhkpiaf; nfhz;L
    nkhopngau;j;J jpdfudpy; 1960
    ,d; Muk;gj;jpy; njhlu;
    fijahf ntspapl;lhu;.
    mWgJf;Fg; gpe;jpa kiyafj;
    jkpo; ,yf;fpaj;jpd; vOr;rp
    rp.tpiaAk; jkpo; vOj
    epu;g;ge;jpj;jJ vd;gijNa ,J
    fhl;LfpwJ.

    jw;NghJ yz;ldpy; trpf;Fk; gJis kz;z;pd;


    ike;jdhd Ma;thsu; K. epj;jpahde;jd; mtu;fs;
    aho; gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy; tpupTiu ahsuhf
    flikahw;wpa fhyj;jpy;> mq;F epWtg;ngw;wpUe;j
    itfiwg; gjpg;gfj;jpd; rhu;gpy; ]p.tpapd; 'tPlw;wtd;"
    ehtiyAk; 'ehlw;wtu; fij " vDk; fl;Liuj;
    njhFg;igAk; ntspapl;Ls;shu;. 'tPlw;wtd;" ehtiy
    nrd;id ept; nrQ;rup Gj;jf epWtdk; kWgjpg;G
    nra;Js;sJ

    52

    vy;iyg;Gwk; vd;Dk;
    ehtiyAk; (The Border Land)
    gp.fpU\;zrhkpiaf; nfhz;Nl
    jkpohf;fp mijAk; jpdfudpy;
    njhlu;fijahf ntspapl;ltu;.
    tPlw;wtd; vd;Dk; FWehtiy
    1962 ,y; jhNd jkpopy; vOj
    Kd;te;jhu;. tPuNfrupapd;
    Njhl;l kQ;rupapd; nghWg;
    ghrpupauhf v];.vk;.fhu;Nkfk;
    gzpahw;wpa me;j mWgJfspy;
    (1962) rp.tpNa jkpopy; vOjpa
    tPlw;wtd;> tPuNfrupapy;
    njhluhf ntspte;jJ. gpwF
    jpdfudpy; 'ghu;tjp'
    tPuNfrupapy;
    ,dpg;glkhl;Nld;
    MfpaitfisAk; rp.tpNa
    jkpopy; vOjyhdhu;.
    njh.rpf;fd; uh[{tpd; 'jhafk;"
    FWehty; ky;ypiff; fhjydpd;
    FwpQ;rpg; gz;izapd;
    ,uz;lhtJ ntspaPlhf
    [dtup 1969 ,y; te;jJ.
    rp.tp.apd; kjpg;Giu ,e;j E}ypy;
    Nru;f;fg;gl;bUf;fpwJ. ',d;W
    kiyehl;by; ey;y fijfs;>
    ftpijfs; gilf;fg;gLfpd;wd.
    mitfs; Gj;jf &gj;jpy; tuhj
    fhuzj;jhy;> ,g;gpuhe;jpaj;jpy;
    Njhd;wpAs;s ,yf;fpa
    tsu;r;rpiaf;$l epu;zapg;
    gjw;F rpukkhfpapUf;fpwJ..."
    vd;W Muk;gpf;Fk; rp.tp. ,J
    kiyehl;bd; Gjpa vOj;J
    vd;W Kbf;fpd;whu;.

    'rp.tp.rpy rpe;jidfs;"
    vDk; E}ypid jdJ Kjy;
    E}yhf ntspapl;l
    vOj;jhsu; rhuy; ehld;;
    mtu;fs;
    jhd; kiwtjw;F rpy
    fhyq;fSf;F Kd;G Fkud;
    ,y;y ntspaPlhf 'rptp
    NtYg;gps;is" vDk;
    E}iyAk;
    ntspapl;bUe;jhu;.
    mNjNeuk; jdJ rhuy;
    gjpg;gfj;jpd; Clhf
    'tho;tw;w tho;T" vDk;
    rptp apd; kiyafk; gw;wpa
    ehtiyAk; ntspaPL nra;j
    ngUikf;Fupatu;

    Mf - nrg; 2014

    kiyaf kz;zpd; 'kf;fs; ftpkzp"

    ..Yls[
    ,yq;ifapd; fhydpj;Jtfhy
    ,Wjp fl;lj;jpy; ,Wjpahf
    Ml;rpf; ifg;gw;wpa Nkiyj;
    Nja Ml;rpfhuu;fspd;; fhyj;jpy;
    ,w;iwf;F ,UE}W tUlq;f
    Sf;F Kd;gjhf ,e;jpahtpy;
    mg;NghJ epytpa nfhLk;
    gQ;rj;jhy; jq;fsJ tho;thjhu
    q;fis epiy ngw
    nra;Ak; eg;gh
    irapy; ngupa
    fq;fhzpfspd;;
    tha;g;Ngr;Rf;fis
    ek;gp Vkhw;wg;
    gl;L ,yq;if
    te;J Nru;e;j
    tu;fNs ,d;W
    kiyaf kf;fs;
    vd miof;fg;
    gLk; ,e;jpa
    tk;rhtspapdu;.
    ,e;j njhopyhsu;
    tu;f;fk; ,d;W
    tiuahd ,UE}W
    tUlfhy
    tuyhw;wpy; jq;fis
    milahsg;gLj;jpf;
    nfhs;tjpYk; jq;fSf;fhd
    cupikfis ngWtjpYk;
    ngUk; Nghuhl;lq;fisAk;
    capu;j;jpahfq;fisAk; re;jpj;Nj
    te;Js;sdu;.
    ,t;thwhd Nghuhl;lj;jsj;jpy;
    kiyafk; vDk; jdpj;Jt
    milahsj;jpw;F tpj;jpl;L
    eP&l;b tpUl;rkhf;fpa
    MSikfis> r%f nraw;
    ghl;lhsu;fis ehd;fhf tif
    nfhs;syhk;.
    1. murpay;thjpfs;
    (njhopw;rq;fthjpfs;)
    2. ,yf;fpathjpfs;
    3. rptpy; r%fnkdg;gLk;
    fy;tpapayhsu;fs;
    4. ,yf;fpathjpahfTk;
    murpay;thjpahfTk;
    (njhopw;rq;fthjpfs;)
    nraw;gl;ltu;fs;.
    Kjyhk; tifapdUf;F

    ,yq;if njhopyhsu;
    fhq;fpu]pd; jiytu; nrskpa
    %u;j;jp njhz;lkhd; Kjy;
    ,d;iwa njhopyhsu; Njrpa
    rq;fj;jpd; jiytUk; gpujp
    mikr;rUkhd jpfhk;guk; tiu
    gyu; cs;s epiyapy;>
    ,uz;lhk; tifapduhf
    vd;.v];.vk;.
    uhikah>
    njsptj;ij
    N[hrg;>
    rhuy;ehld;
    vd njhlu;r;
    rpapid
    gl;bay;
    ,lyhk;.
    ,u.rptypq;fk;>
    nre;J}ud;
    Nghd;w r%f
    nraw;ghl;lh
    su;fs;
    %d;whk;
    tifapdu;.
    ,yf;fpathjpf
    shf ,Ue;J
    Njhl;lGw kf;fspd;
    tho;tpaiy Vida
    r%fq;fSf;F vLj;Jiuj;j
    mNjNtis> mtu;fspd;
    tho;it Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhf
    kiyafj;ij gpujpepjpj;Jtg;
    gLj;Jk; murpay;thjpahfTk;>
    njhopw;rq;fthjpahfTk; rpyu;
    nraw;gl;Ls;sdu;. ,tu;fs;
    ,yf;fpak;> murpay;
    (njhopw;rq;fk;) vd ,ul;;il
    gupkhzk; nfhz;ltu;fs;.
    ,e;j ehd;fhk; tifapdupd;
    Muk;gk; Njrgf;jd;
    Nfh. eNlra;aUlNdNa
    Muk;gkhfpwJ. mt;thW
    njhlf;fk; ngw;w ,e;j ehd;fhk;
    tifapdu; ]p.tp.NtYg;gps;is>
    Ald; njhlu;e;J ,d;W
    K.rptypq;fk;> ky;ypag;Gre;jp
    jpyfu; tiu njhlu;fpd;wJ.
    me;jtifapy; ,d;W E}w;whz;L
    tpoh nfhz;lg;gLk;
    njhopyhsu; Njrpa rq;fj;jpd;
    gpujpj;jiytu;>

    nghJr;nrayhsu;> epu;thf
    nrayhsu; khtypapd; Mrpupau;
    vd gy;Jiwapy; nraw;gl;l
    Gfo;ngw;w ftpQu; kf;fs;
    ftpkzp ]p.tp.NtYg;gps;is
    mtu;fSk; ,e;j ehd;fhk;
    tifapNyNa cs;slq;
    Ffpd;whu;.
    kiyaf kf;fspd; jdpj;Jt
    milshsj;jpw;F> kiyaf
    kf;fspd; tho;tpay;
    gpujpgypg;gpw;F ]p.tp.
    NtYg;gps;is mtu;fs;
    Nkw;nfhz;l r%f gzpfis
    murpay; rhu;e;Jk;> ,yf;fpak;
    rhu;e;Jk; Nehf;Fjy;
    mtrpakhFk;.
    tl;lnfhil> klf;nfhk;gu
    Njhl;lj;jpy; 1914 nrg;nlk;gu;
    19k; jpfjp fz;zg;gd;
    Nty;rpq;fk; NtYg;gps;is>
    Njthdp nfhkud;
    jk;gjpapdUf;F ,uz;lhtJ
    kfdhf gpwe;jtu;. tq;ff;
    ftpia Mju;\dkhf nfhz;L
    ftpij gilj;j <oj;J jh$u;
    vd;W $wg;gLk; NtYg;gps;is
    mtu;fs;. ,tuJ %j;j
    rNfhjud; rhkp vd
    miof;fg;gLk; ehuhzRthkp>
    ,isa rNfhjud; ul;zk;.

    Rg;igah fkyjhrd;
    ,tu; nfhOk;G jyq;fk
    gpuNjrj;ij Nru;e;j Vgu;l;
    ntd;du;Nthy; ngu;zhd;Nlh
    (Heberd Venderwall Fernando)>
    fyn`d gz;lh fdKyNf
    vyp]; ngNuuh (Galahena Banda
    Kanamulage Alice Perera)
    jk;gjpapdupd; kfshd
    gpal;up]; n[hrg;gpd; (Peatice
    Josapin) vd;gtiu 23.10.1952 y;
    tho;f;if Jizahf Vw;Wf;
    nfhz;lhu;. ,tu;fspd; xNu
    kfs; [Pd; NtYg;gps;is
    tpky#upa (Jean Velupillai
    Wimalasooriya).
    klf;nfhk;giu Njhl;lj;jpd;

    53

    Mf - nrg; 2014
    njhopyhspapd; gps;isahd
    ]p.tp.NtYg;gps;is mtu;fs;
    Muk;gj;jpy; Njhl;l ghlrhiy
    apYk;> `l;ld; nkjb];
    fy;Y}upapYk; (jw;Nghija
    i`yd;l;]; fy;Y}up)
    Etnuypah l;upd;b fy;Y}up
    apYk; gpd; cau; tFg;ig
    nfhOk;G ehye;jh fy;Y}upapYk;
    gapd;whu;.
    cau; fy;tpf;Fg; gpd; Etnuypah
    fhkpdp tpj;jpahyaj;jpy;
    Mq;fpy Mrpupauhf flik
    ahw;wpa rp.tp mtu;fs; kiyaf
    kf;fis mlf;fpnahLf;fpa
    Nkyjpfhu epu;thfj;jpw;F vjpuhf
    jdJ njhopw;rq;f gzpfSf;fhf
    Mrpupa njhopiy iftpl;lhu;.
    KONeu njhopw;rq;fthjpahf
    khwp Njhl;l njhopyhsu;fspd;
    gpur;rpidfis njhopw;rq;f
    uPjpahf jPu;g;gjw;F mu;g;g
    zpj;Jf; nfhz;lhu;.
    ,tu; ,yq;if ,e;jpa
    fhq;fpu]pd; (jw;Nghija
    ,yq;if njhopyhsu;
    fhq;fpu];) ,izr;
    nrayhsuhf flikahw;wp
    As;sNjhL> ,yq;if ,e;jpa
    fhq;fpu]; rhu;ghf 1947 ,lk;
    ngw;w Nju;jypy; jythf;fiy
    gpuNjrj;ij gpujpepjpj;Jtg;
    gLj;jp ghuhSkd;wk; nrd;whu;.
    ,yq;if ,e;jpa fhq;fpu]py;
    nraw;gl;l fhyj;jpy; 'Congress
    News' vd;w gj;jpupifapidAk;
    elj;jpAs;shu;. 1955fspy;
    fhq;fpu]pypUe;J tpyfp 1957 1966 tiu m]p]; jiyik
    apyhd [dehaf njhopyhsu;
    fhq;fpu]py; njhopw;rq;f
    thjpahf nraw;gl;Ls;shu;.
    njhopw;rq;f Jwtp
    tP.Nf.nts;isad; mtu;fs;
    ];jhgpj;j njhopyhsu; Njrpa
    rq;fj;jpy; 1967y; ,ize;J
    19.11.1984y; ,wf;Fk;tiu mjd;
    epu;thf nghWg;ghsuhfTk;>
    MNyhr fuhTk; nraw;gl;ltu;.
    kiya fj;jpy; ,lk;ngw;w
    Kf;fpa Nghuhl;lq;fSf;F
    jiyik tfpj;J topelj;jp
    ntw;wpf; fz;ltu;. njhopyhsu;
    Njrpa rq;fj;jpd; gj;jpupifahd
    'khtyp" gj;jpupifapd;
    M];jhd Mrpupau; ,tu;
    vd;gJk; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.
    tq;ff;ftp jh$u; kPJ
    nfhz;bUe;j <u;g;gpy;
    G+z;LNyhah gpuNjrj;jpy;

    54

    jh$u; ghlrhiy vd;w ngaupy;


    ghlrhiy xd;wpid Muk;gpj;J
    mjd;%ykhf mg;gpuNjr
    gps;isfSf;F fy;awpT+l;b
    mtu;fis tpopg;gilar;
    nra;jhu;.
    ,d;W kiyafk; vd;fpd;w
    jdpj;Jtj;jpid czu;e;J
    kiyehl;L kf;fs; vd;w
    gjj;ij Kjypy; gad;
    gLj;jpatUk; ,tNu.
    ]p.tp.apd; ,yf;fpar; nraw;
    ghLfis Nehf;Ffpd;wNghJ>
    ek; r%fj;jpYk; ghu;f;f ntsp
    ehLfspy; Fwpg;ghf jkpofj;jpy;
    cs;stu;fs; ,yq;ifapy;
    ,e;jpa tk;rhtopapdu; gLfpd;w
    ghLfis mwpa Ntz;Lk;
    vd;gjw;fhf jkpofj;jpy; ,Ue;J
    ntspte;j ,jo;fSf;F
    ftpijfs;> fl;Liufs;
    vd;gtw;iw vOjp te;jhu;>
    mjd; xU gFjpahf ,e;jpa
    ehspjOf;F kiya fj;jpd;
    ehl;Lg; Gwg;ghly;fis
    'Njapiy Njhl;lg; ghly;fs;
    vd;w jiyg;gpy; njhluhf
    vOjp te;jhu;. ,J kiyehl;L
    kf;fs; ghly;fs; vd;w ngaupy;
    fiyQd; gjpg;gfk; 1983 y;
    E}YUthff;fp ntspapl;L
    itj;jJ.
    1963Mk; Mz;by; Mrpa
    Mgpupf;f ftpijfspd;
    KjyhtJ njhFg;G 70 cyf
    ftpQu;fspd; ftpijfis
    Nju;e;J njhFg;ig
    ntspapl;lJ. mjpy;
    ,yq;ifiar; Nru;e;j MW
    ftpQu;fspd; ftpijfs;
    ,lk;ngw;wd. me;j njhFg;gpy;
    ,lk;ngw;w xNunahU
    jkpo;f;ftpQu; rp.tp. mtu;fs;
    vd;gJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. Tea
    Plucker vDk; ftpijapid me;j
    E}Yf;fhf vOjpAs;shu;.
    In The Ceylon Tea Garden vd;w
    Gfo; kpf;f ftpijapid rf;jP m
    ghy Iah mtu;fs; jkpopy;
    nkhopngau;j;J jkpou;fs;
    kj;jpapy; rp.tpapid gpugy;ag;
    gLj;jpapUe;jhu;. ,e;j 'Njapiy
    Njhl;lj;jpNy" vd;w E}y; 1969
    ,y; fz;b nra;jp gjpg;gfj;
    jpYk; 2007Mk; Mz;L rp.tp.
    gpwe;j mNj klf;nfhk;giu
    kz;zpypUe;J te;j ftpQu;
    ky;ypag;G re;jp jpyfupd; ghf;ah
    gjpg;gfj;jpYk; ,U gpuRuq;fs;

    fz;bUe;jd.
    ,it jtpu 'tp];kh[pdp" vd;w
    ftpij ehlfj;jpidAk;>
    topg;Nghf;fs; (Wayfarer) vd;w
    trd ftpijapidAk;> Born to
    Labour (ciof;fg;gpwe;jtu;fs;)
    vd;w tptuzf; fl;Liuj;
    njhFg;igAk;> tPlw;wtd;>
    ehlw;wtu; fij> ,dpg;
    glkhl;Nld;> tho;tw;wtho;T
    Nghd;w E}y;fisAk; vOjp
    kiyaf ,yf;fpaj;jpw;Fk;
    ngUik Nru;j;jtu;
    rp.tp.NtYg;gps;is mtu;fs;.
    kiyaf kf;fspd; tho;tpaiy
    ,yq;if Rje;jpukile;j
    fhyj;jpNyNa Mq;fpy nkhop
    %yj;jpy; vOjpa ngUik
    ,tiur; rhUk;.
    rp.tp.NtYg;gps;is gw;wp
    Ma;Tfs; gyTk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;
    gl;Ls;sd. mjpy; rhuy; ehld;
    mtu;fspd; rp.tp. rpy
    rpe;jidfs; Kf;fpakhdjhFk;.
    ,tuJ ,yf;fpak; kPjhd
    gq;fspg;igg; ghuhl;b
    nfsutpf;Fk; tifapy;
    Kd;dhs; jpdfud; gpujk
    Mrpupau; jpU.Mu;.rptFUehjd;
    jiyikapy; nfhOk;Gj; jkpo;
    rq;fj;jpy; ele;j ,yf;fpa
    tpohtpy; rp.tp mtu;fSf;F
    Nguhrpupau; ifyhrgjp mtu;fs;
    toq;fpa 'kf;fs; ftpkzp vd;w
    milnkhopapD}L ftpQu; rp.tp
    NtYg;gps;is ,d;Wk;
    ,yf;fpa cyfpy; Fwpj;Jiuf;
    fg;gLtJ kiyaf ,yf;fpaj;
    jpw;F fpilj;j nfsutkhFk;.

    Mf - nrg; 2014

    vd;idr; nrg;gdpl;l

    ]p.tp
    E}W taijaila Kd;dNu
    rpyu; ,we;J tpl;lhYk;
    mtu;fs; ,t;Tyfpy;
    thOk;NghJ mtu;fspd;
    Fzhjparq;fs;> nray;ghLfs;
    kf;fs; kj;jpapy; Ngrg;gLk;
    NghJ mtu;fs; ,d;Dk;
    tho;e;J nfhz;Ljhd;
    ,Uf;fpd;whu;fs; vd;w vz;zk;
    vk;kdjpy; rQ;rupg;gij
    mwpaKbfpwJ.
    ghujpahu; vg;NghNjh vOjp
    r%fk; tpopg;gila
    Mf;fq;fis cUthf;fpdhNuh
    mJNghy gy ftpQu;fs;>
    vOj;jhsu;fs; vk; kj;jpapy;
    Njhd;wp tho;e;J kiwe;J
    tpl;lhYk; ,d;Wk; vk;
    cs;sq;fspy; tho;e;Jf;
    nfhz;bUf;fpd;whu;fs;.
    mt;tupirapy; ]p.tp. NtYg;
    gps;isAk; xUtuhthu;.
    Muk;g fhyj;jpNyNa vOJt
    jw;Fk;> thrpf;fTk; Muk;gpj;jtu;
    jd; tho;f;ifia mNjhL
    ,izj;Jf; nfhz;lhu;. mtupd;
    Mf;fq;fs; ,d;Wk; xUtu;>
    ,Utu; kj;jpapy; jq;fptpl
    tpy;iy. gutyhf mfpyk;
    vq;Fk; Ngrg;gLfpd;w Nghw;wg;
    gLfpd;wtuhf ]p.tpapd; ehkk;
    nghwpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
    ehd; njhopyhsu; Njrpa
    rq;fj;jpy; xU Nritahsuhf
    ,ize;Jf; nfhz;lg;NghNj
    Kjd;Kjypy; ]p.tpapd;
    ntw;wpf;fhf ciof;f
    Ntz;batdhf mku;j;jg;
    gl;Nld;. 1970k; Mz;L ]p.tp.
    NtYg;gps;is Etnuypah
    njhFjpapy; yhk;G rpd;dj;jpy;

    RNaw;irahf Nju;jypy;
    Nghl;bapl;lNghJ vd;Dld;
    gbj;j khztu;fSld;
    ,ize;J mtupd; ntw;wpf;fhf
    gy iky; J}uk; ele;J Nju;jy;
    gpurhuj;jpy; <Lgl;bUe;Njd;.
    me;Neuj;jpy; ,.njh.fh jiy
    tu;fs; If;fpa Njrpa fl;rpAld;
    ,ize;J nray; gl;ldu;.
    Mifahy; ehk; gy rpukq;
    fSf;F Mshf Ntz;batu;f
    shf ,Ue;Njhk;. Nkilfspy;
    mtu;fs; NgRk;NghJ k];nf
    ypah njhFjpapy; Nghl;bapl;l
    mkuu; tp.Nf.nts; isaidAk;
    Etnuypah njhFjp Ntl;ghsu;
    ]p.tp.NtYg;gps;isiaAk;
    kpfTk; Nftykhf Ngrpdhu;fs;.
    mjidnay;yhk; nghUl;
    gLj;jhJ vkJ Mjuthsu;fs;
    ]p.tp.f;fhfTk; tp.NfTf;fhTk;
    cioj;jhu;fs;. me;Neuj;jpy;
    ,tu;fSf;fhf gpur;rhuk;
    nra;tJ vq;fSf;F ntwpah
    fTk;> MirahfTk; ,Ue;jJ.
    fhuzk; ,tu;fs; ,Utu;jhd;
    jkpo; Ntl;ghsuhf RNal;ir
    ahf Nju;jypy; Nghl;bapl;
    lhu;fs;.
    ]p.tp. NtYg;gps;is rhjhuz
    ciueilapy; Ngrf;$ba
    tu;fs;. mtu; NgRk;NghJ
    thapy; tUk; fUj;Jf;fis
    Nfl;gjw;F ,dpikahf
    ,Uf;Fk;. epu;thf rig $l;lq;
    fspy; NgRk;NghNjh my;yJ
    fUj;juq;Ffspy; tpsf;fq;fs;
    nfhLf;Fk;NghJ mtupd;
    fUj;Jf;fs; mu;j;jKs;sjhf
    gadspf;f $bajhf ,Uf;Fk;.
    mtUld; ,ize;J cjtp
    nra;af;$ba tha;g;G vdf;F
    1980k; Mz;L fpilj;jNghJ
    ehd; gytopfspy; Kd;Ndw;wk;
    fz;Nld;. mitfs; ,d;Wk;
    vdf;F cjTtjhf
    mike;Js;sJ.
    mtupd; Mf;fq;fs; jkpopYk;>
    Mq;fpyj;jpYk; cUthfpaNghJ
    mjd;nkhopg;ngau;g;ghsuhf
    gof Kbe;jJ. vdJ gof;f
    tof;fq;fspy; Kd;Ndw;wk;

    fz;Nld;. njupahj mNef


    tplaq;fis fw;Wf; nfhz;
    Nld;. jdpahu;Jiw> murJiw
    jpizf;fsq;fspy; cau;
    mjpfhupfis re;jpj;J Ngr$ba
    re;ju;g;gq;fis Vw;gLj;jp
    nfhLj;jhu;. Kbahj fhupaq;f
    isAk; KbAk; vd;w epiyf;F
    vd;id cau;tila nra;j
    mtupd; vz;zk; ,d;Wk;
    vd;idtpl;L kiwatpy;iy.
    jiyefUf;F nry;Yk;
    Nghnjy;yhk; vk;.b.FzNrd
    mr;rfk;> Nyf;fT];> tPuNfrup
    epWtdq;fs; vd;id ]p.tpapd;
    Qhgfj;Jf;F nfhz;L nry;Yk;.
    kiwe;Jtpl;l rf;jP ghy Iah>
    fe;jrhkp> Nkhj;jh> Rthkpehjd;>
    tp.vd;.nguparhkp> tz.gpjh
    gpNah rk;gh MfpNahupd;
    tPLfSf;Fk; ,tupd; Mf;fq;
    fis vLj;J nry;tJk; mtu;f
    splkpUe;J mtu;fspd;
    Mf;fq;fis thq;fpAk;>
    nfhLj;Jk; tUNtd;.

    v];. gpypg;

    nghJr;nrayhsu;
    vOj;Jj;Jiwapy; $ba ehl;lk;
    itj;jpUe;jhYk; murpay;>
    njhopw;rq;fJiwapy; jdJ
    gq;fspg;ig rpwg;ghf nra;tjpy;
    rhzf;fpak; ngw;wtu; mkuu;
    ]p.tp.NtYg;gps;is mtu;fs;.
    ,t;tUlk; E}w;whz;il
    nfhz;lhb nfhz;bUf;Fk;
    ehq;fs; ]p.tpapd; xt;nthU
    nraw;ghl;ilAk; epidtpy;
    epWj;jp nfhs;tJ vk;ik
    ,d;ndhU tsu;r;rpf;F ,l;L
    nry;fpwJ. [tfu;yhy; NeU
    itg;Nghy; Nfhu;l; mzpe;J
    jythf;nfhy;iyapy; elf;Fk;
    NghJ fk;gPukhf fhl;rpaspg;
    ghu;. ,tu;Nghy ey;ytu;fSf;F
    tpoh vLg;gJ vkJ flikAk;
    gz;ghLkhFk;. vk;kf;fspd;
    tho;f;if tuyhw;iw mwpe;J
    nfhs;s Ntz;ba eltbf;
    iff;Fk; cjTtjhf mikAk;.
    E}w;whz;L tpoh rpwg;ghf
    elg;gjw;F vdJ tho;j;Jf;fs;.

    55

    Mf - nrg; 2014
    fle;j nrg;lk;gu; gjpdhd;fhk;
    jpfjp ]p.tp NtYg;gps;is
    E}w;whz;lhFk;. mtu; kiyaf
    ,yf;fpaj;jpd; jiykfdhf
    tpsq;fpatu;. mtuJ
    E}w;whz;il vjpu; Nehf;fp
    apUf;fpd;w ,t;NtisapNy
    mtu; nghWj;j fhj;jpukhd
    Ma;Tfs;> kjpg;gPLfs;>
    tptuzq;fs;> nra;jpfs;>
    epidTf; Fwpg;Gfs; vd;gd
    ntsptutpy;iyahapDk; rpy
    Fwpg;gplj;jf;f vOj;Jf;fs;
    gpuRukhfpapUf;fpd;wd vd;gJ
    kdq;nfhs;sj;jf;fitahFk;.
    mt;thW Fwpg;gplj;jf;ftw;Ws;
    ngUk;ghyhdit Kw;Nghf;F
    khu;f;]pau;fshy; vOjg;gl;l
    itahFk;. ,u.rptypq;fk;>
    K.epj;jpahde;jd;> rhuy; ehld;>
    njsptj;ij N[hrg;> me;jdp
    [Pth> X.V. ,uhikah> nydpd;
    kjpthdk;> Rg;igah ,uh[
    Nrfu;> ky;ypag;Gre;jp jpyfu;
    KjyhNdhupd; vOj;Jf;fs;
    Fwpg;gplj;jf;fitahFk;.
    ,tw;Ws; rhuy; ehldpd; 'rp.tp.
    rpy rpe;jidfs;"; vd;w E}Ny
    ]p.tp gw;wpa NjlYf;F
    fhj;jpukhd mbj;jsj;ij
    toq;fpaJ. ,t;ntOj;Jf;
    fspilNa jj;Jthu;j;j
    NtWghLfs; ,Ug;gpDk;
    ]p.tp.apd; MSik gz;Kfg;
    ghl;il ntt;NtW tpjq;fspy;
    ntspf;nfhzu;gitahf
    mike;jpUf;fpd;wd.
    ]p.tp.apd; r%f Kf;fpaj;J
    tj;ijAk; kiyaf ,yf;fpa
    fjpapy; mtuJ Mf;fq;fs;
    nrYj;Jk; ghjpg;gpidAk;
    nfhz;L Nehf;Ffpd;w NghJ
    ]p.tp. gw;wpa Njly; tsu;

    56

    epiyapNyNa cs;sjhf
    Njhd;Wfpd;wJ. ]p.tp. Mrpupau;>
    gj;jpupifahsu;> murpay;thjp>
    ,yf;fpafu;j;jh vdg; gy;Jiw
    rhu;e;j MSikfis nfhz;
    ltu;. mtuJ E}w;whz;L
    epfo;it xOq;fikg;gjw;fhf
    `l;ldpNy ]p.tp. E}w;whz;L
    epidTf; FO epakpf;fg;gl;L
    rpy Kd;Ndhb nraw;ghLfis
    Nkw;nfhz;L tUfpd;wdu;.
    ,j;jUzj;jpy; ]p. tp. nghWj;J

    rpyh; ,d;W kiwe;J tpl;lik


    ,d;ndhU Jujp];ltrkhd
    epfo;thFk;.
    ,t;tplj;jpy; Kf;fpa khdnjhU
    tplak; Fwpj;J ftdk; nrYj;j
    Ntz;bAs;sJ. ]p.tp. ,we;j
    gpd;dNu mtuJ Mf;fq;fspw;
    rpy E}YUtk; ngw;wd. mtu;
    jkJ E}y;fis kPs;Nehf;fp rPuhf
    ntspapLk; tha;g;G
    mtUf;fpUf;ftpy;iy. md;dhu;
    tho;e;j fhyj;jpy; kiyaf

    ]p. tp. NtYg;gps;is


    E}w;whz;L epiwT
    epidT xU Kd;Ndhl;lk;
    nra;af; $ba tplaq;fs;
    rpytw;iw ftdj;jpnyLj;jy;
    mtrpakhdjhFk;.
    ]p.tp.ia ehk; Gupe;J nfhs;tj
    w;Fk; Muha;r;rpf;Fl;gLj;jTk;
    vk; Kd;Ds;sit mtuJ
    vOj;Jf;fs; jhd;. mtu; Mw;wpa
    nrhw;nghopTfs;> mtuJ
    fbjq;fs;> Fwpg;Gf;fs;;>
    E}y;tbtk; ngwhj fl;Liufs;>
    Mf;fg; gilg;Gf;fs;> tiue;j
    Nfypr; rpj;jpuq;fs; ,Jtiu
    Kiwahff; fpilf;ftpy;iy.
    rpy Mtzq;fs; ky;ypag;G re;jp
    jpyfuplKk; Rg;igah
    ,uh[NrfuplKk; ,Ug;gij
    ghu;itaplf; $bajhf
    ,Ue;jjpy; kfpo;r;rp. mtu;
    'rhf;Ff;fhud;"; vd;w
    rpWfijia vOjpapUg;gjhf
    'jhf;fk;" ,jopy; ]p.v];.fhe;jp
    Fwpg;gpl;bUf;fpd;whu;.
    tPuNfrupapy; ntspte;j mf;fij
    jpU.me;jdp [Pth Nrfupj;J
    itj;jpUg;gjhf vd;dplk;
    $wpapUf;fpd;whu;. mt;tifapy;
    mtuJ midj;J gilg;G
    fisAk; njhFj;j mlf;fj;
    njhFg;nghd;W ntsptu
    Ntz;baJ fhyj;jpd;
    NjitahFk;. ]p.tp.apd;
    rpyE}y;fs; mr;RWg;
    ngw;Ws;sd. ,t;thW
    ntspte;j E}y;fisAk;
    ,g;NghJ ngw KbahJs;sJ.
    NkYk; ,J njhlh;ghd jfty;
    njhpe;jth;fisj; NjbawptJk;
    rpukkhf cs;sJ. mth;fspy;

    nydpd; kjpthdk;
    gilg;Gfspd; ntspaPl;L trjp
    kpff; FiwthfNt
    fhzg;gl;ld. mj;Jld;> ]p.tp.
    Mq;fpyj;jpy; vOjpa
    gilg;Gfs; jkpopy;
    nkhopkhw;wk; nra;Ak; NghJ
    Vw;gl;l ,lu;ghLfs; kaf;fq;fs; ftdj;jpy;
    nfhs;sj;jf;fit. cjhuzkhf
    'In Ceylon Tea Garden' vd;w
    ftpijj; njhFg;ig rf;jP ghy
    Iah ,yq;ifj; 'Njapiyj;
    Njhl;lj;jpNy" vd nkhop
    khw;wk; nra;jhf $wg;gL
    fpd;wJ. rf;jP ghy [ahtpd;
    E}ypy; rp.tp.apd; ftpijfspy;
    fhzg;gl;l ,ay;ghd
    kz;thridg; gz;Gk;
    mtw;NwhL ,ize;j
    nrhw;fSk; fhzg;gltpy;iy.
    rf;jP ghy [ahtpd; ftpijj;
    njhFg;gpid nkhopngau;g;G
    vd;W $Wtij tpl jOty;
    vdf; $WtNj nghUe;Jk; (,J
    njhlh;ghf tpkh;rdq;fs;
    vOe;jNghJ> rp.tp.apd;
    gilg;gpd; jhf;fj;jpdhy; jdJ
    Mf;fk; ntspg;gl;lNjad;wp
    nkhopngah;g;ngd jhk;
    Fwpg;gplg;gltpy;iy vd;W
    rf;jP ghy [ah jdpg;gl;l
    tifapYk; rpy $l;lq;fspYk;
    $wpaij Nfl;bUf;fpd;Nwd;).
    rp.tp. mtu;fs; murpay;
    thjpahf> njhopw;rq;fthjpahf
    ,Ue;jtu;. ,yf;fpaj; jsj;jpy;

    Mf - nrg; 2014
    kl;LNk ,aq;fpatuhd rf;jP
    ghy Iah ,j;jifa
    czu;Tfis vt;thW vjpu;
    nfhz;lhu; vd;gJk; Rthurpa
    khdNjhu; tpdhjhd;; (nydpd;
    kjpthdk;- 2010).
    Gjpjha;f; fz;nlLf;fg;gLk;
    ]p.tp.apd; gilg;Gfs; jf;fgb
    ghpNrhjpf;fg;gl;Lk;> mtw;wpd;
    ek;gfj; jd;ik Iaj;jpw;fpl
    kpd;wp epWtg;gl;Lk; Vw;Wf;
    nfhs;sg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.
    tuyhw;Wr; RUf;fq;fs;>
    Fwpg;Giufs;> rpy Kf;fpa
    jfty;fs; vd;wtifapy;> rpy
    jfty;fs;> gaDs;s
    rq;fjpfisAk;> nra;jpfisAk;;
    njhFj;jspj;jy; Ntz;lg;
    gLtjhFk;. ,t;tplj;jpy;
    gpwpnjhU Kf;fpa tplak; gw;wpr;
    rw;W mOj;jpf; $w Ntz;b
    As;sJ. 'goe;jkpo; ,yf;fpa
    q;fisg; gjpg;gpf;Fk;
    Kd;Ndhb Kaw;rpfs; Nkw;
    nfhs;sg;gl;l Ntisapy;
    rp. it. jhNkhjpuk;gps;is>
    c.Nt. rhkpehj Iah; Kjyp
    NahUf;Nf goe;jkpo; E}y;fs;
    rpytw;wpd; ngah;fs; rhptuj;
    njhpahj epiyapNy> rpy jkpo;
    'Mh;tyh;fs;" tpNdhjkhd
    ngah;fSld; rpygy 'goe;
    jkpo;" E}w; gpujpfisg; gw;wpg;
    Ngryhapdh;. cjhuzkhf j.K.
    nrhh;zk;gps;is vd;gth;
    ',d;dpiy"> 'CrpKwp" Kjypa
    E}y;fisj; jhNk ,aw;wpg;
    goe;jkpo; E}y;fs; vdg;
    giwrhw;wpdhh;. gpw;gl;l
    Muha;r;rpfspdhy; ,g;ngha;ik
    Iaj;jpw;fplkpd;wp mk;gyg;
    gLj;jg;gl;lnjdpDk;> ,yf;fpa
    cyfpNy rpyfhyk; Fog;gj;
    ijAk; kaf;fj;ijAk;
    cz;lhf;fpaJ vd;gjpy;
    Iakpy;iy. (ifyhrgjp.f. 1974>

    ,yf;fpa rpe;jid). Ke;jpa


    gjpg;Gfs; khj;jpukd;wp
    ifnaOj;Jg; gpujpfs;
    ntspte;j gj;jpupiffs;>
    gpujpfs;> Nkw;Nfhs;fs;>
    vLj;jhz;Nlhu; glq;fs;
    vd;gdtw;iw EZfp Muha;e;J
    $l;L Kaw;rpahy; ntspaplj;
    jf;fitahFk;.']p.tp. gjpg;Gf;
    FO" xd;wpid mikj;jy;
    fhyj;jpd; NjitahFk;.
    jdpnahUthpd; Kaw;rpia tpl
    $l;L Kaw;rp gad;kpf;fjhfTk;
    gzpia ,yFgLj;JtjhfTk;
    mikAk;. ,j;Jiwr; rhu;e;j
    mwpQu;fisAk; Mu;tyu;
    fisAk; nfhz;L ,j;jifa
    Kaw;rpfis Nkw;nfhs;tJ
    gad;kpf;fjhf mikAk;.
    md;dhupd;; Gidg;ngah;fs;
    gw;wpa g+uzkhd jfty;fs;
    VJk; ,Jtiu fpilf;ftpy;iy.
    ifyhrgjp> nr.fNzrypq;fk;
    KjyhNdhhpd; Mf;fq;fs;
    ntspte;j gpuRuq;fs;> fhyk;>
    ntspaPl;lhsh;fs;> rpy
    rkaq;fspy; Mf;fq;fs;> E}y;fs;
    gw;wpa jfty;fSld; E}yftp
    ayhsh; vd;. nry;tuh[h
    njhFj;Js;shh;. ,it r%f
    MSikfs; gw;wpa Ma;T
    fSf;Fg; nghpJk; cjtpAs;sd.
    ]p.tp cl;gl kiyaf
    vOj;jhsh;fspd; vOj;Jf;fs;
    ,t;thW gl;baw;gLj;jg;
    gltpy;iy. ,e;epiyapy;
    njhlu;e;J Mf;fg;g+u;tkhd
    nraw;ghLfspy; <LgLtJ
    mtrpakhdjhFk;.
    ,Jtiu ]p.tp. nghWj;J
    ntspte;j Ma;Tfis
    Nehf;Ffpd;w NghJ mtw;wpy;
    gy topg;ghl;L KiwahfNt
    fhzg;gLfpd;wd. kiyaf
    r%fj;jpw;F mtuJ gq;fspg;G

    ntspf;nfhzug;glNtz;Lk;
    vd;wtifapy;; mtu; gw;wp
    kWthrpg;G mtrpak;. murpay;
    gz;ghl;Lj; jsj;jpy; mtuJ
    nraw;ghLfs; tpag;ig mspj;j
    NghjpDk; mtu; kPjhd
    topghl;Lzu;Tf;F ,le;juhky;
    tpku;rpj;J tpsf;FtNj r%f
    gad;kpf;f mk;rkhf fhzg;gLk;.
    mNjrkak; md;dhupd; xt;nthU
    Jiwrhu;e;j gq;fspg;GfSk;
    gz;Kf Nehf;fpy; ntspf;
    nfhzug;gly; mtrpakh
    djhFk;. mt;tha;Tfs; gpd;tUk;
    ehd;F epiyfspy; ,lk;ngw
    Ntz;Lk;. KjyhtJ> ]p.tp.ia
    gy;JiwNehf;fpy; mZfp
    Muha;gitahf ,Uj;jy;
    Ntz;Lk;. r%ftpay; Nehf;fpy;
    ]p.tp.apd; r%f Kf;fpaj;Jtk;
    tuyhw;Wf; fjpapy; mtuJ
    rpe;jidfSk;> NghjidfSk;
    vj;jifa jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;jp
    As;sd vd;gJ Fwpj;J Muha;jy;
    ,jd; ghw;gLk;. ,uz;lhtJ>
    ]p.tp.ia gpd;gw;wp vOe;j kuG
    mtiu gpd;gw;wpAk; mtiu
    kPwpAk; vt;thW tsu;e;Js;sJ
    vd;w Nehf;fpy; Muhag;gly;
    Ntz;Lk;. %d;whtJ> tuyhw;Wg;
    gpd;dzpapy; ]p.tp.ia
    kjpg;gpLjy; Kf;fpakhd
    itahFk;. ehd;fhtjhf ]p.tp.
    Fwpj;J ntspte;j Ma;Tfs;>
    kjpg;gPLfs; vj;jifa jhf;fj;ij
    Vw;gLj;jpAs;sd vd;gJ
    gw;wpajhf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
    ,e;jtifapy; ]p.tp.apd;
    E}w;whz;L epiwT epidit
    nahl;ba nraw;ghLfs;>
    fUj;juq;Ffs;> ntspaPLfs;>
    nfhz;lhl;lq;fs; Kd;ndLf;
    fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ ]p.tp.
    vd;w ngUkfDf;fhf ehk;
    nra;Ak; ed;wpf; fldhFk;.

    njhopyhsu; Njrparq;fj;jpd; KjyhtJ khju; rqf


    ; j; jiytp

    jpUkjp. jtkzp n[auhkd; mtu;fspd; tho;j;Jr; nra;jp


    kiyaf kf;fs; ele;Jte;j ghij kyu; J}tpa xd;wy;y. xt;nthU mbAk;
    fy;Yk; KsS
    ; k; epiwej
    ; fLk; Nrhjidfs; nfhzl
    ; ghijahFk;. mtu;fs;
    ntWkNd cioj;J khSfpd;w $ypg; gl;lhsq;fshf kl;L kd;wp jhq;fSk;
    kdpjg; gpwtpfs; vd;gij ep&gpf;f fyff; Fuyf
    ; is vOgg
    ; pAss
    ; du.; mj;jifa
    fyff; Fuy;fspd; ];jhgdkag; gl;lepiyjhd; njhopw; rq;fq; fshFk;.
    ,j;jifa gpd;dzpapy; Njhw;wk; ngw;w njhopw; rq;fq;fs; fhyg;Nghf;fpy;
    gy;NtW tpjkhd tu;f;f eyd;fSf;F Vw;g Nrhuk; Nghdjd; fhuzkhf
    kf;fis Nerpf;fpd;w khw;Wj; njhopw;rq;fs; Njhw;wk;ngw;wd. mj; j ifa
    njhopw; r q; f q; f spy; xd; N w njhopyhsu; Njrpa rq;fkhFk;.
    njhopyhsu; Njrparq;fj;jpd; epu;thfg; nghWg;ghsuhf rp.tp NtYg;gps;is
    mtu;fs; gjtp tfpj;j fhyj;jpy;; khju; rq;fj; jiytpahf nraw;gl;likia
    vz;zp ,d;Wk; ngUkpjk; milfpd;Nwd;. md;dhupd; E}w;whz;L tpoh
    rpwg;ghf ,lk;ngw tho;j;JfpNwd;.

    57

    Mf - nrg; 2014
    Ntz;Lk;vd;w epiyf;F
    js;sg;gl;lJ.
    ,g;Nghuhl;lk; ,Wjpahf
    ntw;wpf; fz;lJ. ,e;j
    Nghuhl;lj;jpd; ntw;wpf;F
    fhuzkhf ,Ue;jtu; mkuu;
    rp.tp.NtYg;gps;isahthu;
    vd;gjpy; ,d;W ehk;
    ngUkfpo;r;rp nfhs;sNtz;Lk;.
    fhuzk; mtupd; rpe;jid
    jpwDk;> rPuhd cs;sKk;> rpwe;j
    jiyikj;JtKkhFk;. xU
    tpij kz;zpy; tpOe;J kbe;J
    Nghdhy; khj;jpuNk mJ gyd;
    jUk; vd;w cz;ikia
    Vgpufhk; vd;w njhopyhsp
    gypahdJk; kf;fspd;
    xw;WikAk; ekf;F xU vLj;J
    fhl;lhf mike;jJ.

    ]p.tp.NtYg;gps;is
    xU njhopw;rq;fg; Nghuhsp
    ]p.tp.NtYg;gps;is vd;gtu;
    xU rpwe;j njhopw;rq;fthjp
    kl;Lky;y. rpwe;j murpay;
    thjpAk; Mthu;. mj;Jld; rpwe;j
    kiyaf ,yf;fpathjpAk;
    Mthu;. kf;fs; ftpkzp rp.tp.
    NtYg; gps;isapd; E}w;whz;L
    tpohthd ,e;ehspNy mtiug;
    gw;wp Nghw;WtJk;> Gfo;tJk;>
    rhyr; rpwe;jJ vd;gJld;
    fhyj;jpd; fl;lha Njit
    ahfTk; ,Uf;fpd;wJ vd;gjpy;
    ngUk; kfpo;r;rpailfpd;Nwd;.
    mkuu; rp.tp NtYg;gps;isapd;
    tho;T %d;W gFjpfshf
    mike;jpUe;jJ vdyhk;.
    njhopw;rq;fj;jpy; jd;id
    ,Wjptiu mu;g;gzpj;J Nrit
    nra;J kf;fspd; kdjpy; ePq;fhj
    ,lk; ngw;Wf; nfhz;lhu;.
    ,tiug; gw;wpa mwpitAk;
    MSikiaAk; mwpahj
    njhopw;rq;fq;fs; ,d;W ,Uf;f
    KbahJ. njhopw;rq;fthjp
    fspd; gl;baypy; rp.tp rpwe;j
    njhopw;rq;fthjp vd;
    ngUikAk; ngWfpd;whu;.
    1955Mk; Mz;L ,yq;if
    njhopyhsu; fhq;fpu];
    ,uz;lhfg; gpsT gl;lJ.
    ,jpy; [dehaf njhopyhsu;

    58

    fhq;fpu]; vd;w ngaupy; m]p];


    ];jhgpj;J jiyik Vw;whu;.
    ,e;j mikg;gpy; rp.tpAk;
    ,ize;J nfhz;lhu;. Mdhy;
    ,e;j mikg;ig mjhtJ
    [dehaf njhopyhsu; fhq;fpu];
    xU njhopw;rq;fk; vd;gij
    Njhl;l Kjyhspkhu;
    rk;Nksdk; Vw;Wf; nfhs;s
    kWj;jJ.

    N[.vk;.nrg];bad;
    epjp nrayhsu;
    njhopyhsu; Njrpa rqfk;.
    ,jdhy; lafk gFjpapy; 7
    (VO) gpupTfis cs;slf;fp
    ,e;j njhopw;rq;fj;ij Vw;Wf;
    nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;w
    khngUk; vjpu;g;G Nghuhl;lk;
    elj;jg;gl;lJ. ,g;Nghuhl;
    lj;ij jiyikNaw;W Kd;
    vLj;Jr; nrd;wtu;. rp.tpahFk;.
    ,g;Nghuhl;lj;ij Kwpabf;f
    Njhl;l Kjyhspkhu;
    rk;Nksdk; ghJfhg;G
    gilapdupd; cjtpNahL
    Jg;ghf;fp gpuNahfk; nra;jhu;fs;
    ,e;j Jg;ghf;fpg; gpuNahfjpy;
    Vgpufhk; vd;w njhopyhsu;
    gypahdhu;. ,jd; gpd;G
    Kjyhspkhu; rk;Nksdk; ,e;j
    njhopw;rq;fj;ij mq;fPfupf;f

    1964 Mk; Mz;L ehd; khtl;l


    gpujpepjpahf gyhq;nfhl
    gFjpapy; flikahw;wpNdd;.
    mg;NghJ mg;gFjpapy; cs;s
    rprpy;l;ld; vd;w Njhl;lj;jpw;F
    Ngr;Rthu;j;ij elj;jr;
    nrd;wpUe;Njd;. mg;NghJ
    Nfd;]; vd;w Njhl;l mjpfhup
    Ngr;Rthu;j;ijapd; NghJ mkuu;
    rp.tpia gw;wp epidTgLj;jpf;
    nfhz;lhu;.
    mNjNeuj;jpy; rp.tpapd; rpwe;j
    MSik gw;wpAk; lafk
    Nghuhl;lk; gw;wpAk; $wpaJld;
    mtu; xU rpwe;j jiytd;>
    rpwe;j njhopw;rq;fthjp vd;Wk;
    $wpaJ ,d;Dk; vd; kdjpy;
    ePq;fhj epidthf xypf;fpd;wJ.
    mNjNeuk; vd; kdJk; rp.tpia
    gw;wpa rpe;jidj; Jspfs;
    gpufhrpf;f Muk;gpj;jd. ,e;j
    lafk Nghuhl;lk;jhd; rp.tp
    rpwe;j njhopw;rq;fthjp vd
    ep&gpj;J fhl;b vy;NyhuhYk;
    Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;lhu;.
    rp.tp. mtu;fs; rpwe;j
    murpay;thjp vd kf;fshy;
    ghuhl;lg;gl;ltu; vd;gNj
    mtupd; Nritapy; ,uz;lhk;
    gFjpahFk;. fhuzk; 1947 k;
    Mz;L ele;j Nju;jypy;
    cWg;gpdu;fs; njupe;njLf;fg;
    gl;lhu;fs;. mjpy; rp.tp. mtu;fs;
    jythf;fiy Nju;jy;
    njhFjpapy; ntw;wp ngw;W
    Nju;e;njLf;fg;gl;lhu;. ,tu;
    ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpduhf
    te;jgpd; Kjd;Kjyhd
    tl;lnfhl Gifapuj
    epiyaj;jpw;F kpd;rhuk; ngw;Wf;

    Mf - nrg; 2014
    nfhLj;jhu;. mj;Jld;
    mg;gFjpiar; Nru;e;j
    ghlrhiyf;F gy mgptpUj;jp
    NtiyfSk; nra;jhu;. mj;Jld;
    Kjd;Kjyhf rptndhypghj
    kiyf;F nry;Yk; ghijia
    (fhl;bd; cs;Ns) mjhtJ
    kiyapd; cr;rpf;F nry;Yk;
    ghijia rPu;gLj;jp kpd;rhuk;
    toq;Ftjw;fhd trjpfSk;
    nra;J nfhLj;jhu;. mjdhy;jhd;
    ,d;W rptndhypghjkiyf;F
    f\;lkpd;wp ,dnkhopkj
    NtWghbd;wp vy;NyhUk;
    nry;yf;$bajhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ.
    Mdhy; ,jw;fhd milah
    sq;fNsh Fwpg;Gf;fNsh
    ,y;yhjij epidj;J vdJ
    kdk; kpfTk; Ntjid
    milfpd;wJ.
    NkYk; rp.tp mtu;fs;
    ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; kiyaf
    kf;fSf;fhf JzpTld; Fuy;
    nfhLj;Js;sd. vd;gJk;
    Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. ,JNt rp.tp
    mtu;fs; murpay; thjpahf
    ,Ue;j fhyfl;lj;jpy; nra;j
    Kf;fpa Nritfs; MFk;. ehL
    vdf;F vd;d nra;jJ vd;W
    Nfl;gijtpl ehl;bw;F ehd;
    vd;d nra;Js;Nsd; vd;w
    Nrit kdg;ghd;ikia jdJ
    tho;tpy; filgpbj;j rp.tp
    mtu;fis ,d;W ehk;
    ghuhl;LtJk; mtiug; gw;wp
    NgRtJk; mtUf;F ehk;
    nra;Ak; ed;wpAk; MFk;.
    ,e;jpahtpy; gy ftpQu;fs;
    ,Uf;fpd;whu;fs; mg;gbapUe;
    jhYk; ftpQu; fz;zjhrd; xU
    rpwe;j ftpQu; Mthu;. MdhYk;
    mtu; ru;tNjr ftpQuhf Vw;Wf;
    nfhs;sg;gltpy;iy vd;W
    Ngrg;gLfpd;wJ. mjw;F
    fhuzk; mtUila Mf;fq;fs;
    midj;Jk; jkpopy; jtpu
    Mq;fpyj;jpy; NtW nkhopfspy;
    vOjg;glhikNa MFk;.
    mNjNeuk; jh$u; vd;w ftpQu;
    ru;tNjr ftpQu; vd Vw;Wf;
    nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. mt;thNw
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    ftpijfs; Mq;fpyj;jpYk;
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    gpupj;jhdpaa ghuhSkd;wj;jpy;
    NgRk;gb $wpdhu;fs;. mjhtJ
    ,yq;ifapy; ,e;jpahtpypUe;J
    nfhz;Ltug;gl;l kf;fs; gLk;
    ghl;ilAk; ,d;dy;fisAk;
    mtyq;fisAk; gpupj;jhdpah
    ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; Ngrg;
    gl;ljhy; ,yq;ifapy; Njapiy
    Njhl;lJiw Njrpa kakhf;F
    tjw;F mJ topNfhyhf
    mike;jJ.
    rp.tpapd; Mq;fpy Mf;fq;fs;
    midj;Jk; Fwpg;ghf Njapiy
    Njhl;lj;jpNy vd;w ftpijfs;
    kpfTk; czu;;r;rptrg;glf;$ba
    mstpy; vOjpapUe;jJ vd;gJ
    Mq;fpNyau;fs; kl;Lky;y
    ehKk; mwpe;J nfhs;sf;
    $bajhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ.
    mjpy; xU gFjp vd; kdij
    njhl;lJ.
    jfuf; $iufs; jhq;fpa
    yaq;fspy;
    jioj;j ciog;gpdu;
    tpisgad; vdpDk;
    gfuf; $lh mtu; FbapUg;ig
    gfpuTk; ntl;fk;
    gfpu;e;jpLthNk

    (Njapiy Njhl;lj;jpNy ftpij E}y;)


    ,g;gbahd rp.tpapd;
    Mf;fq;fs; ekJ
    r%fj;jpdhy; thrpj;J
    ngUikglhtpl;lhYk;$l

    mtupd; Mf;fq;fs; ekJ


    r%fj;jpw;F kpfg;ngupa
    Nritia nra;Js;sJ vd;gij
    ahuhYk; kWf;fNth
    kiwf;fNth KbahJ.
    ,tu; Nghd;w ngupahu;fis
    epidT $u;e;J mtUila
    topfis gpd;gw;wp ehKk; ekJ
    r%f Nkk;ghl;bw;Fk;> cau;r;
    rpf;Fk; tsu;r;rpf;Fk; ek;khy;
    Kbe;j Nritfis nra;a
    Ntz;Lk; vd jho;ikAld;
    Ntz;LNfhshfTk;
    fUj;jhfTk; $Wfpd;Nwd;.
    mtUila rpe;jid fdT
    nray;ghLfs; vy;yhk; ,d;W
    njhopyhsu; Njrpa rq;fj;jpy;
    epiwNtWtij vd;dhy; Gupe;J
    nfhs;sf;$bajhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ.
    ekJ njhopw;rq;fj;jpw;F rpwe;j
    jiyikj;JtKk; JzpTk;
    nfhz;l nfsut jpfhk;guk;
    mtu;fs; rpwe;j murpay;
    rhzf;fpadhf rpwe;j
    njhopw;rq;fthjpahf
    Ngrg;gLfpd;whu;. kf;fspd;
    kdjpy; ,lk; gpbj;Js;shu;.
    mijg;Nghy rpwe;j ftpQUk;
    kiyaf ,yf;fpathjpAkhf
    ez;gu; jpyfuh[; Ngrg;gL
    fpd;whu;.
    vjpu;fhyq;fspy; ,d;Dk;
    kiyaf vOj;jhsu;fs;>
    ftpQu;fs; jiyikfs;
    cUthFthu;fs; ,J. rp.tpapd;
    MrPu;thjKk;$l vd;gij ekJ
    njhopw;rq;f tuyhw;wpy;
    gbg;gbahf tsu;r;rpia
    fhzf;$bajhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ.
    MfNt ,e;j nghd;dhd
    ed;ehspNy rp.tpapd; rpwe;j
    Nritiag; ghuhl;b
    tho;j;Jfpd;Nwd;.

    ]p.tp. NtYg;gps;is vOjpa


    ,dpg; gl khl;Nld;
    vDk; ehty; vOj;jsu;
    me;jdp[Pthtpd; Kaw;rpapy;
    vOj;jhsu; rpjk;gu uFfehjd;
    mtu;fspd; rptp kPjhd
    gw;wjypdhy; jkpoffj;jpd;
    kPz;l;rp Gj;jf epiyaj;jpduhy;
    E}yhf ntspaplg;gl;lLs;sJ.

    59

    ]p.tp. NtYg;gps;is mtu;fs; vOjpa ,e;jf; fl;Liu


    'ehlw;wtu; fij" E}ypd; gpd;dpizg;ghf Nru;f;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
    mjd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; fUjp mNj tbtj;jpy; ,r;rpwg;gpjopy;
    ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

    Mf - nrg; 2014

    60

    Mf - nrg; 2014

    61

    Mf - nrg; 2014

    62

    Mf - nrg; 2014
    1952k; Mz;L gpugy XtpaUk; ftpQUkhd
    N[hu;[; fPl; mtu;fs; ]p.tp. NtYg;gps;is mtu;fSf;F vOjpa fbjk;

    1949k; Mz;L
    yq;fhjPg gj;jpupifapd; Mrpupauhd
    V. gp. jdghy mtu;fs;
    ]p.tp. NtYg;gps;is
    mtu;fSf;F vOjpa fbjk;

    63

    Mf - nrg; 2014
    ]p.tp. NtYg;gps;is mtu;fs; G+z;LNyhah efupy; Muk;gpj;J elhj;jpa
    jh$u; ghlrhiy njhlu;gpy; ',e;jpa Nfrupapy;" ntspahd nra;jp

    64

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