Ngy 18 thng 9 nm 2014 Chuyn 4 : 4 s lng t

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CHUYN 4 : BN S LNG T XC NH TRNG THI CA MT
ELECTRON TRONG NGUYN T
KHI NIM V OBITAN NGUYN T
I. KIN THC C BN
v Theo kt qu nghin cu ca c hc lng t , trng thi ca mt electron trong
nguyn t c xc nh bi mt b gi tr ca 4 s lng t
S lng t chnh tng ng vi s th t lp electron n
n 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
lp K L M N O P Q
S lng t ph (hay s lng t obitan) : cho bit hnh dng ca obitan l
trong khng gian v xc nh s phn lp trong mi lp .
l nhn gi tr t 0 n n 1 .
Gi tr ca 0 1 2 3 l
Kiu obitan s p d f
ng vi mi gi tr ca n (mt lp electron) c n gi tr ca v do c n l
phn lp electron hay kiu obitan .
Vd : lp th I (n = 1) c 1 gi tr ( 0) 1 kiu obitan s l l =
lp th II (n = 2) c 2 gi tr ( 0 v = 1) 2 kiu obitan l l = l
s v p
lp th III (n = 3) c 3 gi tr ( 0, l l = l = l 1 v = 2) 3 kiu
obitan s , p v d
lp th IV (n = 4) c 4 gi tr ( 0, l l = l = l = l 1, 2 v = 3) 4
kiu obitan s , p , d v f
S lng t t m
l
xc nh s nh hng ca AO trong khng gian v ng
thi n qui nh s AO trong mt phn lp . Mi gi tr ca ml ng vi mt
AO
m
l
-l 0 +l nhn gi tr t .
Mi gi tr ca c 2 + 1 gi tr ca l l m
l
(ngha l c 2 + 1 obitan) l
Vd : = 0 l ml
ch c 1 gi tr (m
l = 0) c 1 AOs
l = 1 m
l
ch c 3 gi tr (-1 , 0 , +1) c 3 AOp
-1 0 +1
8.090
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Cng ng
4
ng nhp ng k
1
2
3
d
o
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.
v
n
Ngy 18 thng 9 nm 2014 Chuyn 4 : 4 s lng t
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6
SKKN- CHUYN TON 4 - NM 2009
10
Cc chuyn ton 4
T kha lin quan
chuyn k ton tin lng
chuyn qun l cht lng
chuyn ton 4
4 s lng t l g
-1 0 +1
l = 2 m
l
ch c 5 gi tr (-2 , -1 , 0 , +1 , +2) c 5 AOd
-2 -1 0 +1 +2
l = 3 ml ch c 7 gi tr (-3,-2,-1,0,+1,+2,+3) c 7 AOf
-3 -2 -1 0 +1 +2 +3
S lng t spin m
s

S lng t spin c trng cho chuyn ng quay xung quanh trc ring
ca electron .
S lng t spin ch c 2 gi tr
1
2
+
v
1
2

c k hiu tng ng bng 2

mi tn ln ( ) v xung ( ) ng vi 2e trong 1 AO .
II. BI TP
1. Xc nh 2 nguyn t m electron cui cng c cc s lng t
a. n = 3 ; l = 1 ; ml =-1 ; ms =
1
2

b. n = 2 ; l = 1 ; ml = +1 ; ms =
1
2
+
2. Cho 2 nguyn t A , B ng k tip nhau trong h thng tun hon . Hai electron
cui cng ca chng c c im .
- Tng s (n + l) bng nhau , trong s lng t chnh ca A ln hn s
lng t chnh ca B .
- Tng i s ca 4 s lng t ca electron cui cng trn B l 4,5 .
a. Hy xc nh b 4 s lng t ca electron cui cng trn A , B v xc nh
nguyn t A , B .
b. Hp cht X to bi A , Cl , O c thnh phn trm theo khi lng ln lt
l 31,83% ; 28,98% ; 39,18% . Xc nh CTPT ca X . Bit rng cc
electron chim obitan t gi tr nh nht ca s lng t ml .
3. Xc nh nguyn t m eletron cui cng c 4 s lng t tha mn iu kin :
n + l = 3 v m
l
+ m
s
=
1
2
+
.
4. Xt nguyn t m nguyn t c electron cui cng c 4 s lng t
a. n = 3 , l = 2 , m
l
= -1 , m
s
=
1
2
+
Bn phm my tnh cho game th
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Ngy 18 thng 9 nm 2014 Chuyn 4 : 4 s lng t
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b. n = 3 , l = 2 , m
l
= -1 , m
s
=
1
2

C tn ti cu hnh ny hay khng ? Gii thch ti sao ?

5. T hp cc obitan no sau y l ng ? T hp no khng ng ? V sao
(1) n = 3 , l = 3 , ml = 0
(2) n = 2 , l = 1 , ml = 0
(3) n = 6 , l = 5 , m
l
= -1
(4) n = 4 , l = 3 , m
l
= -4
6. Cho nguyn t ca 2 nguyn t A v B c electron ngoi cng c 4 s lng t
ln lt sau :
n = 4 , l = 0 , ml = 0 , ms =
1
2
+
n = 3 , l = 1 , ml = -1 , ms =
1
2

Vit cu hnh electron ca nguyn t , xc nh nguyn t kim loi , phi kim .

7. Electron cui cng phn b vo cc nguyn t ca cc nguyn t A , B ln lt
c trng bi 4 s lng t
A : n = 3 , l = 1 , ml = -1 , ms =
1
2
+
B : n = 3 , l = 1 , ml = 0 , ms =
1
2

a. Xc nh v tr ca A , B trong BTHHH
b. Cho bit loi lin kt v cng thc cu to ca phn t AB
3
.
1
2
3
d
o
c
.
v
n
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