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KHOA DU KH
B MN LC HOA DU
--------------
N CNG NGH HA DU V
CH BIN POLYME
ti: TM HIU CNG NGH SN XUT PVC V TNH TON
MT S THNG S K THUT CHO THIT B PHN NG VI
NNG SUT 150.000 TN/NM
Sinh Vin: L Th N
Gio Vin Hng Dn:
Lp
: Lc Hoa Du B-K53
TS.Nguyn Th Linh
Kha hc: 2008 2013
Nm hc: 2012 - 2013
1
H NI, 12 - 2012
3.2
3.3
3.4
KT LUN ............................................................................................................................. 79
TI LIU THAM KHO ..................................................................................................... 80
LI GII THIU
Trong thi i ngy nay, cng vi nn khoa hc hin i, cng ngh ha
hc khng ngng pht trin v chim mt v tr v cng quan trng trong
nhiu lnh vc. Cng ngh v hp cht cao phn t l mt trong nhng cng
ngh in hnh, rt tiu biu v tc pht trin v phm vi s dng. Tuy ra
i c mun hn cc ngnh khc, nhng kh nng ng dng ca n l v cng
rng ln. Hu ht cc vt liu trong k thut v i sng ngy nay c thay
th bng nhiu loi vt liu mi c ch to t cc hp cht cao phn t. y
l hng i mi m nhiu quc gia trn th gii nhn thy.V vy cc nh khoa
hc khng ngng u t v nghin cu v lnh vc quan trng ny. C c
tm quan trng nh vy l v cc hp cht cao phn t c nhiu tnh cht rt
qu nh : bn c hc, n hi, cch m, cch nhit, cch in, nh v d
gia cng hn kim loiBn cnh gi thnh li r.
Do vic sn xut cc hp cht cao phn t tng hp cng nh cc
sn phm t n ngy cng gia tng ng k . Mt trong nhng loi nha tng
hp ph bin c sn xut nhiu l nha Polyvinyl Clorua (PVC).
Nha Polyvinylclorua l mt trong nhng sn phm ra i sm ca nn sn
xut cht do . Trong cng ngh sn xut nha Polyvinyl clorua , ty theo
phng php sn xut v thnh phn ca cc cu t tham gia m ta c th thu
c mt s loi nha c t trng khc nhau nh : K - 58, K - 66 ,K - 71. Nha
Polyvinylclorua c nhiu c im tt nh n nh ha hc, bn c hc, d
gia cng ra nhiu loi sn phm thng dng ( mng bao gi, o i ma, dp)
v c bit l dng sn xut ng chim ti 50% tng sn lng. Bn cnh
nha Polyvinylclorua cn c dng bc dy in, lt nn, trn nh v
cc chi tit ca thit b cng nghip ha hc Ngoi ra Polyvinylclorua
ng trng hp vi cloruavinilden cn c dng lm si tng hp . Chnh
v th m vic tm hiu cng ngh sn xut nha Polyvinylclorua rt l cn
thit. c bit l nh my sn xut nha Polyvinylclorua theo phng php
huyn ph . l l do em chn ti: Tm hiu cng ngh sn xut PVC v
tnh ton mt s thng s k thut cho thit b phn ng vi nng sut
150.000 tn/nm.
4
Khu vc
1991
2001
2006
2011
Ty u
6.030
5.500
5.800
6.100
Trung u
2.440
500
700
1.000
CIS
300
800
1.700
NAFTA
6.090
6.500
7.300
7.800
Nam M
940
1.100
1.500
1.600
830
1.400
2.100
2.700
5.860
10.600
14.600
19.800
Cng:
22.190
25.900
32.800
40.700
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Nc
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Nht Bn
Hn Quc
i Loan
Trung Quc
Thi Lan
Malaysia
Indonesia
Philippines
Vit Nam
n
Pakistan
rp X ut
Australia
2.685
1.180
1.535
2.665
760
97
621
102
80
791
100
324
240
2.613
1.180
1.566
2.892
795
260
621
100
80
811
100
324
240
2.540
1.240
1.679
3.265
795
260
621
100
115
775
100
324
140
2.523
1.240
1.679
4.623
795
260
621
100
200
775
100
324
140
2.448
1.240
1.698
6.000
795
271
621
106
200
775
100
394
140
2.448
1.240
1.717
8.000
795
280
621
110
200
800
100
394
140
2.448
1.240
1.717
10.000
795
280
621
110
200
1.035
100
394
140
2.448
1.240
1.717
11.200
795
280
621
110
200
1.035
100
394
140
Tng cng:
27%
18%
10%
9%
9%
7%
6%
6%
3%
3%
2%
Cng
100%
2. Ti Vit Nam
T nhng nm u ca thp k 60 Vit Nam "sn xut c" PVC do
Nh my ha cht Vit Tr sn xut. Trong phng n sn phm ca nh my c
150 tn/nm PVC ch yu gii quyt cn bng do vic to ra HCL, cho kt
8
Nm 1998
Nm 1999
Hn Quc
11.7
7.4
16.5
6.1
Singapo
8.8
4.9
16.5
4.0
Thi Lan
12.5
12.1
21
11.3
Nht Bn
7.7
4.8
7.9
Nm 2000
10thng/2001
Arp x t
0.4
0.2
2.2
0.4
Hng Kng
2.7
Malaixia
0.2
TNG S
53.5
0.1
41
73
36
Lng PVC nhp tng hng nm: nm 1997 , ring PVC nhp trn 72.000
tn. Theo k hoch d kin ca Tng cng ty nha Vit Nam nhu cu bt PVC
v cht ha do trong thi gian ti nh sau :
Nm
2000
2005
2010
PVC
100.000
200.000
400.000
DOP
28.000
28.000
67.000
Cc d n sn xut PVC theo danh mc cc d n nguyn liu v bn
thnh phm nghnh nha giai on 20012010. (Ban hnh km theo Quyt nh
s 11/2004/Q-BCN ngy 17 thng 02 nm 2004 ca B trng B Cng
nghip).
2005
2010
Cng sut Tng vn
Cng sut Tng
Tn d n
a im
(tn/n) (triu USD) (tn/n)
vn
(triu
USD)
Nh my sn xut ng Nai 120.000
45
PVC1 m rng
Vng Tu 100.000
Nh my sn
Vng Tu
80
200.000
147
PVC
Tng
Bnh
Nm
(tn)
tiu
th trong
(kg/u
nc
ngi)
(tn)
khu
(tn)
1995
280000
3,78
58500
58500
0,81
1996
420000
5,60
65000
65000
0,89
1997
500000
6,06
74000
74000
1,00
1998
625000
8,00
12100
92000
104100
1,83
1999
780000
9,80
47600
61800
109400
1,41
2000
950000
12,20
24930
85700
110000
1,42
2001
1010000
13,00
78800
52800
131600
1,67
2002
1260000
15,60
102100
52900
155000
1,94
2003
1450000
18,70
119700
47200
166900
2,06
2004
1550000
20,10
127730
51200
178930
2,18
2005
1650000
21,00
145200
64300
209500
2,52
2006
1967000
22,00
176200
69800
246000
2,90
2007
2297000
26,80
195000
65000
260000
3,04
2008
2710000
31,50
215000
66000
281000
3,25
2009
3200000
36,40
250000
54000
304000
3,48
2010
3850000
42,00
290000
40000
330000
3,74
12
2011
290000
64400
356400
4,00
-159,70C
+ Nhit ngng t
-13,90C
+ Nhit ti hn
1420C
+ Nhit bc chy
415kcal/kg
18,4kcal/kg
+ Nhit bc hi 250C
78,5kcal/kg
0,969kcal/kg
+ Nhit to thnh
-838kcal/kg
+ Nhit trng hp
-3665kcal/kg
0,83kcal/kg
0,207kcal/kg
+ H s khc x ca VC lng
1,83kcal/kg
14
+ T l ca VC ph thuc vo nhit
Nhit (0C)
-15
-25
T trng
0,9730
0,9014
-87,5
-55,8
-13,37
16,2
46,8
p sut (mmHg)
10
100
760
22,58
54,34
Cl
15
CH + HCl
CH2
Cl
Cl
CH2
Cl
Vi H2
CH2
CH + H2
CH3
Cl
CH2
Cl
CH
1/2O2
Cl
CH2
CHO
Cl
CH
Cl
CH2 CH
Cl n
CH + RONa
CH2
Cl
CH + NaCl
OR
- To hp cht c kim
17
||
||
t
C 6 H 5 C O O C C 6 H 5
2C 6 H 5 COO
0
C 6 H 5 COO C 6 H 5 CO 2
K hiu gc hot ng l R
Tuy nhin cc gc ny khng phi u tham gia khi mo qu trnh trung
hp, m c mt s khc kt hp vi nhau to thnh phn t trung ho (khong
20-40%).
V d:
C 6 H 5 C 6 H 5 C 6 H 5 C 6 H 5
C 6 H 5 C 6 H 5 COO C 6 H 5 COOC 6 H 5
2. Khi mo.
R + CH2 = CH R CH2 CH
|
|
Cl
Cl
+ Giai on pht trin mch.
R CH2 C H + CH2 = CH R CH2 CH CH2 CH
|
|
|
|
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
R CH2 C H - CH2 C H + nCH2 = CH2
|
|
18
Cl
Cl
R CH2 C H - CH2 C H - CH2 - CH
|
|
CH2 = CH + CH2 CH
|
|
Cl
Cl
CH3 = CH + CH CH
|
|
Cl
Cl
Chuyn mch ln Polyme.
- CH2 C H + - CH2 CH CH2 CH2 + CH2 C
|
|
|
|
Cl
Cl khi mo.
Cl
Cl
Chuyn
mch ln cht
O
O
||
||
CH2 CH C6H 5 C O O C C6H 5
O
||
CH2 CH O C C6H5 + C6H5 COO
|
Cl
+ Giai on t mch.
Phn ng t mch c th xy ra theo hai cch:
Kt hp.
- CH2 C H + CH2 CH CH2 CH - CH - CH2
|
|
|
|
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
Phn ly.
CH2 CH + CH2 CH
CH = CH
|
|
|
19
CH2 CH2 +
|
vn tc ca phn ng ny l V2.
V V2>> Vd do Vd s quyt nh vn tc qu trnh khi mo.
VKM = 2Vd = 2f . kd [I] = KKM [I].
KKM = 2fkd.
f: l h s c trng cho hiu qu khi mo ca cht khi mo.
+ Giai on pht trin mch.
(Giai on ny l phn ng to nhit) y l giai on quyt nh vn tc
trng hp, cu to v kch thc, khi lng ca Polyme.
Vn tc pht trin mch bng vn tc tiu hao Monome trong mt n v
thi gian.
dM
Vpt K pt [ R ].[ M ]
dt
[M]: Nng Monome.
[ R ]: Nng gc t do.
dR
Vd K d [ R ] 2
dt
20
Vp
Vd
Vi k
K p[ M ]
K d[ R ]
K p .K KM
Kd
K[ M ]
K KM [ I ] 1/ 2
1/ 2
1/ 2
P 2
K[ M ]
K KM [ I ]1 / 2
Cl
Cl
Ngi ta dng nhiu phng php khc nhau nh: ha hc, vt l, quang
hc chng minh iu ny.
V d: Kh Cl trong Polyvinylclorua bng cch un nng dung dch
Polyvinylclorua trong dioxan vi bt km th thy c nhm cyclo propan c
to ra.
23
7580 oC.
:
Gii hn bn ko
Gii hn bn un
Gii hn bn nn
bn va p
70 160 kG/cm2.
gin di tng i
10 15 %.
Vt liu
H s gin n 10-6C-
dn
1
o
W/m C
PVC
50 -180
0,12 - 0,3
0,84 -1,25
PS
60 - 80
0,10 - 0,14
1,34
Thy tinh
3-4
1,25
0,71 - 0,84
Thp
11 -12
55
0,437
nhitNhit dung
(kJ/kgoC)
ring
Khi tng nhit , HCl sinh ra nhiu hn v n lm cho PVC xut hin
mu, tnh tan ca Polyvinylclorua dn dn mt i theo phn hy ca n. Tnh
tan ca Polyvinylclorua mt dn l do to lin kt ngang.
20oC
26
lng PVC trn ton th gii. Nm 2007, con s ny l 39% trong tng s 33,5
triu tn nhu cu PVC trn th gii. Vit Nam, cc s liu tng ng l 47%
ca 240000 tn (Hnh 2.2 v 2.3).
Cp quang.
Dng c in.
31
HCl
MVC
Tng hp
Acetylen
Than/Cacbua
CH
Tinh ch MVC
Hydro-Clo-ha
HCl
MVC
CH2
CH2
Clo-ha
Cl2
Tinh ch EDC
Cl2
Ethylene
HCl
Phn hy nhit
EDC
MVC
32
Cl2
CH2
O2
Clo ha
CH2
Tinh ch
H2O
Oxy Clo ha
HCl
Tinh ch MVC
MVC
I.1. Quy trnh axetylen
Giai on u ca cng nghip PVC, bt u vo nhng nm 1930 n
gia nhng nm 1960, loi nguyn liu thp ca PVC c sn xut bng
phng php axetylen. VCM c tng hp t axetylen v HCl bng phn ng
trong pha kh vi s c mt ca clorua thy ngn lm xc tc nhit
khong 150oC. Axetylen c sn xut t cacbua (carbide) ch to t than [5].
CaC2 + 2H2O CHCH + Ca(OH)2
CHCH + HCl CH2=CHCl (VCM)
Qu trnh sn xut MVC t acetylen v HCl c s dng rng ri mt
s nc t nhng nm 1950. Ngy nay vi s pht trin ca cng nghip du
m, hu ht cc nc chuyn sang s dng ethylen lm nguyn liu ch yu
33
dng. Chi ph nhn cng, vn, chi ph vn hnh v bo dng thp. Hiu sut
phn ng i vi etylen v clo t trn 98%.[6]
b. Quy trnh sn xut EDC bng phn ng clo ho trc tip nhit
cao (quy trnh HTC)
y l quy trnh ca Cng ty EVC sn xut etylen iclorua (EDC) t
etylen v clo. Quy trnh ny c hiu qu nng lng cao v s dng nhit phn
ng lm bay hi EDC, nh c th tinh ch sn phm bng chng ct phn
on. Khc vi nhng quy trnh khc nh quy trnh LTC, quy trnh ny khng
cn dng nc ra sn phm loi b clorua st (III), v vy khng cn x l
nc thi.
Nhit to ra trong qu trnh tinh ch cc dng EDC khc, nh EDC
trong nh my VCM cn bng hoc EDC sn sut theo quy trnh oxy - clo ha,
nh tiu th hi gim ng k.
M t quy trnh:
Thit b phn ng c thit k c o vi mt thanh ch U ni vi bnh
tch lng - kh nm ngang. Cc kh phn ng c np vo y ca thanh ch U
ny, ti y chng c ha tan v lin kt vi nhau di p sut tnh ln
ngn nga s si trong vng phn ng. Trn vng ny, nhit phn ng to ra cc
bong bng hi ni ln trn v i vo bnh phn ng nm ngang. S chnh lch
mt trong hai nhnh ca thanh ch U m bo s tun hon t nhin ca
EDC.
Uu im:
Cc u im chnh ca quy trnh HTC l:
- Tit kim nng lng: lng hi tiu hao thc trong nh my cn bng c th
gim 0,8 tn /tn VCM.
- Sn phm sch: EDC sn xut theo quy trnh ny c th c s dng trc tip
trong l phn ng cracking hoc bn ra ngoi.
- an ton cao: Cng ty EVC pht trin h thng iu khin v bo v chc
chn, c kh nng x l tt c cc nguy c bit.
- Hiu qu s dng nguyn liu cao: thit b phn ng ca quy trnh HTC
chuyn ha cc kh nguyn liu etylen v clo thnh EDC sch vi hiu sut
chuyn ha t 98,5% v 99,0% tng ng.
38
Hp cht
Butyl clorua
C5.104
7,4
Butyl andehyt
C5.104
350
Isopropyl clorua
7,0
Tetrahydro furan
24
4,5
Butyl axetat
8,4
5,0
Tetraclo metan
385
42
Clo benzen
7,4
Tetrabrom metan
47 000
Axeto andehyt
110
Dimetyl alinin
2700
2,4,6 tricloheptan
5,0
Vinyl clorua
12,3
44
47
Cht to huyn ph thng s dng l nhng cht colloit (keo) tan trong
nc nh polyvinyl alcol, gelatin, protein t nhin, cc dn xut xenlulo tan
trong nc nh metyl v cacboxymetyl xenlulo, dextran, tinh bt, natri alginat...
Mt s loi bt mn v c khng tan trong nc cng c s dng lm
tc nhn to huyn ph. Cc cht l bt talc, cao lanh, betonit, bari sulphat v
nhm hydroxit.
Cht c s dng ph bin nht l polyvinyl alcol (PA).PA c nhiu loi
ty thuc vo mc thu phn cng nh khi lng phn t. Lng PA
thng chim t 0,05-0,5% khi lung monome.
Ngoi nhng cht trn, ngi ta cn s dng cc loi mui m nh natri
hydro pht pht hay borax trnh gim pH ca pha nc khi phn ng trng
hp xy ra.i khi mt s cht chng to bt nh Ctanol, polyetylen silicat cng
c s dng gim thiu s hnh thnh bt khi tch monome d cui giai
on phn ng.
Sau y l mt v d n phi liu (tnh theo phn khi lng):
Nc
100
Colloit to huyn ph
0,1-0,5
Mui m
0 0,1
Cht khi mo
0,05 0,3
Cht chng to bt
0 0,002
MVC
50 70
49
Hnh 13 : Ci tin thnh thit b phn ng trong cng ngh sn xut PVCS ca hng Vinnoilt
Mi
100%
122%
Mc truyn nhit
100%
283%
H s truyn nhit
100%
175%
Cng sut
100%
213%
53
Kh nng ho
tan ca cht khi
u
Ph gia
Khuy trn
Khi
Dung dch
Nh tng
Huyn ph
Tan trong
VC
Tan trong
VC
Tan trong
VC
Khng
Dung mi
Nc, cht to
Nc, tc
nh tng
nhn phn tn
Khng cn
thit
Khng cn
Cn thit
Cn thit
iu khin nhit
Kh
C th c
D dng
D dng
S c lp PVC
Thu VC
C th c
D dng
D dng
< 0,1
0,1
20-300
Kch c ht (m)
60- 300
55
60
61
63
11. Sy:
Bng thit b sy tng si (my sy 1 tng).
PVC t my ly tm c chuyn xung thit b sy tng si. Trong thit
b sy tng si, khng kh nng thi t di ln vi tc dng chnh l to lng
gi cho bt. Nc nng c bm qua v o c tc dng lm kh vt liu sy.
Sau khi sy hm m ca PVC gim xung cn khong 0,3%.
12. Sng phn loi:
Bng sng chn ng
Bt PVC t thit b sy c chuyn qua sng chn ng. Sau khi sng
lng ht th rt t, ch chim khong 0,05%.
13. ong bao:
PVC thnh phm dng bt trng ht nh (kch thc khong 100 150
m) c chuyn qua xil cha hoc ng bao.
14. X l nc thi:
Nc thi t cc cng on c tp trung ri a qua thp x l nc
thi, hi t nh thp a v thit b thu hi VCM. Nc thi chy ra h thng
thot nc.
II. TNH CN BNG VT CHT
Mc ch ca vic tnh cn bng vt cht l bit c lng cc
nguyn liu cn cung cp trong qu trnh sn xut, t ta c th lp k
hoch chun b nguyn liu d tr cng nh cho qu trnh sn xut ca nh my,
trnh trnh trng thiu ht nguyn liu lm gin on qu trnh sn xut. Vic
tnh ton cn bng vt cht cn gip cho ta xc nh chnh xc gi thnh ca sn
phm trong qu trnh sn xut t iu chnh gi thnh ca sn phm cho
ph hp v gip cnh tranh trn th trng. Ngoi ra, vic tnh cn bng vt cht
s tnh c thit b c kch thc, trng lng l bao nhiu b tr v xy
dng nh my t c chnh xc, an ton trong qu trnh lm vic.
Thng s ban u
n phi liu cho qu trnh sn xut PVC huyn ph:
Cn c theo n phi liu s dng [29]:
Phn khi lng
Nguyn liu
65
VCM 99,9%
100
Nc
150
Ch lm vic ca nh my gm c
- S ngy lm vic thc t
: 330 ngy
: 90%
- chuyn ha l
: 72%
: 2%
: 0,5 gi
: 6 gi
: 29%
: 0,3%
- Nhit phn ng l
: 58oC
Nguyn liu u vo
Vinylclorua mi(99,9)
90
10
Qu trnh
Np liu
30
60
Phn ng chnh
360 (6 gi)
Tho liu
30
480 (8 gi)
150000
454,546 [tn/ngy]
330
Nng sut tnh theo mi gi sn xut l:
150000
18,9394 [tn/gi]
330x24
S ngy lm vic ca mt nm l:
67
7920 3
2970 [m]
8
Vy nng sut ca mt m sn xut trong mt nm:
150000
50,505 [tn]
2970
3. Tnh cn bng vt cht cho thit b phn ng
Tnh cn bng vt cht cho mt tn sn phm trong giai on trng hp
3.1. Tnh lng VCM v cht khi mo:
Do m trong nha l 0,3%, lng PVC kh trong 1 tn sn phm:
Lng VCM khng phn ng (cha tham gia vo qu trnh chuyn ho)
l:
1538.583 1107,78 = 430,803 [Kg]
68
0,7858 100
0,8271 [Kg]
95
Hao ht do qu trnh chun b nguyn liu l 2%, vy lng cht n nh
huyn ph cn dng l:
0,8271 100
M PVA
0,844 [Kg]
98
Tn hao do qu trnh chun b nguyn liu l:
M
0, 844 - 0,8271 0,0169 [Kg]
M PVA
PVA
70
1
1
1
1
V
M VCM x
1571,554
x
0,656 [m 3 ]
giam
899
1400
PVC
VCM
u ra (kg)
Tn nguyn liu
Lng vo
Tham gia
Lng ra
Tn hao
VC 99,9%
1414,4
1107,78
430,803
31,431
POB 96%
1,6709
1,6375
0,0334
PVA 95%
0,844
0,8271
0,0169
Na4P2O7.10H2O
95%
0,6752
0,6617
0,0135
Nc ct
3054,548
3056,12
61,152
PVC
1107,78
110,78
Tng
4472,138
0,024
4597,829
203,4267
STT
u ra (kg)
Tn nguyn liu
Lng ra
VC 99,9%
26787.887
20980.68853 8159.150
595.284
POB 96%
31.646
31.013
0.633
PVA 95%
15.985
15.665
0.320
Na4P2O7.10H2O 12.788
95%
12.532
0.256
Nc ct
57851.306
56.8182
57881.079
1158.182
PVC
0.000
20980.689
2098.107
Tng
84699.612
21037.50673 87080.128
3852.782
STT
72
Tn hao
Tn
liu
nguyn Lng vo
u ra (kg)
Tham gia
Lng ra
Tn hao
VC 99,9%
71434.272
55948.4289
21757.706
1587.423
POB 96%
84.389
82.702
1.687
PVA 95%
42.626
41.773
0.854
Na4P2O7.10H
2O 95%
34.101
33.419
0.682
Nc ct
154269.947
151.515
154349.341
3088.482
PVC
0.000
55948.429
5594.944
Tng
225865.335
56099.944
232213.369
10274.071
u ra (kg)
Tn nguyn liu
Lng vo
Tham gia
Lng ra
Tn hao
VC 99,9%
642909.297
503536.525
195819.608
14286.823
POB 96%
759.500
0.000
744.318
15.182
PVA 95%
383.636
0.000
375.955
7.682
Na4P2O7.10H2O
95%
306.909
0.000
300.773
6.136
Nc ct
1388431.353 1363.637
1389145.899 27796.373
PVC
0.000
503536.525
Tng
2032790.696 504900.162
STT
0.000
50354.562
2089923.078 92466.757
Tn nguyn liu
u vo [tn]
u ra [tn]
Lng ra
73
Tn hao
VC 99,9%
17680.006
13847.254
5385.039
392.888
POB 96%
20.886
0.000
20.469
0.418
PVA 95%
10.550
0.000
10.339
0.211
Na4P2O7.10H2O
95%
8.440
0.000
8.271
0.169
Nc ct
38181.862
37.500
38201.512
764.400
PVC
0.000
0.000
13847.254
1384.750
Tng
55901.744
13884.754
57472.885
2542.836
u ra [tn]
Tn nguyn liu
Lng vo
Tham gia
Lng ra
Tn hao
VC 99,9%
212160.068
166167.053
64620.471
4714.652
POB 96%
250.635
0.000
245.625
5.010
PVA 95%
126.600
0.000
124.065
2.535
Na4P2O7.10H2O 101.280
95%
0.000
99.255
2.025
Nc ct
458182.347
450.000
458418.147
9172.803
PVC
0.000
0.000
166167.053
16617.005
Tng
670820.930
166617.053
689674.616
30514.030
STT
Bng 7: Tiu hao nguyn liu vi nng sut thit b phn ng 150000
tn/nm:
Tn nguyn liu
1 tn (kg) 1 m (kg)
74
1 ngy (kg)
VC 99,96%
1414,4
212160.068
POB 96%
1,6709
84.389
759.500
20.886
250.635
PVA 95%
0,844
42.626
383.636
10.550
126.600
306.909
8.440
Na4P2O7.10H2O 0,6752 34.101
95%
3054,548 154269.947 1388431.353 38181.862
Nc ct
101.280
Tng
670820.930
55901.744
458182.347
Chi ph (VN)
VCM
212160.068
14.106
2970240.952
POB
250.635
15.106
3759.525
PVA
126.600
12.106
1519.2
Na4P2O7.10H2O
101.280
6.106
607.68
Tng
60983.721
75
2976127.357
Chi ph nguyn liu VCM trong 1 thng sn xut: 212160.068 [tn] tng
ng vi 2970240.952 [Triu]
Chi ph nguyn liu trong 1 thng sn xut: 2976127.357 [Triu]
III. TNH CN BNG NHIT LNG CHO THIT B PHN NG
POLYME
- Hn hp nguyn liu u vo thit b phn ng c nhit 30oC.
- Phn ng chnh ta nhit vi hiu ng nhit 80 kJ/mol.
- Nhit ca hn hp sn phm u ra l: 80oC
Dng dng nc tn nhit cho phn ng:
- Nhit u vo ca nc: 40oC
- Nhit u ra ca nc: 110oC
Ta tin hnh xc nh cn bng nhit cho thit b phn ng trong mt m
sn xut.
Nhit dung ring ca hn hp dung dch c xc nh theo cng thc:
Chh = a1.C1 + a2.C2 + a3.C3 + ... [13 189]
Trong :
C1,C2 ,C3 Nhit dung ring ca cc cu t, kJ/kg.
a1, a2 ,a3 Thnh phn ca cc cu t, phn khi lng,
Ta tnh c:
71434,272
a VCM
0,31627
225865,335
a H2O
a P OB
154269,947
0,68302
225865,335
84,389
0,000374
225865,335
a Na4P3O7
PVA
42,626
0,000151
225865,335
65,272
0,000189
225865,335
91,436.103
Gn
437,493 [kg]
C .(t t ) 4,180.(80 30)
n
Nuoc
c
78
KT LUN
Cng vi vic pht trin cng nghip du m v kh thin nhin, cc sn
phm ha cht hu c cng t c s pht trin nhy vt nh s kt hp
(danh t thng dng hin nay l s tch hp intergration) nhanh chng vi
cng ngh lc du. Sn phm ha hc t du m m ra mt ngnh mi: ngnh
ha du. Trong , Nha tng hp l sn phm c sn lng ln v gi tr nht.
Qua n ny em tm hiu c nha PVC, nm c s cng
ngh, cc ng dng v tnh cht ca PVC. a ra cc cng ngh sn xut PVC,
Cc phng php sn xut PVC t VCM, Hiu c phng php v trnh t
sn xut PVC, nh gi c u nhc im ca tng cng ngh, nh hng
ca cc iu kin phn ng n cht lng sn phmv cng tnh ton
c mt s cc thng s c bn ca thit b phn ng sn xut PVC. t
l tin , l c s p dng vo cc nghin cu sau ny.
Trong qu trnh tm hiu n em tm thm cc thng s tnh ton ,
nhm cho n c thit thc hn. n cn nhiu thiu st mong C v cc
bn ng gp.
79
[15] http://dc442.4shared.com/doc/XsG7WC49/preview.html
[16] Cc n d thc hin trc .
80
81