mgptpUj;jp cj;jpNahfj;jH NritapYs;s mYtyHfSf;fhd 1MtJ tpidj;jpwd;fhz; jil guPl;ir - 2014

mgptpUj;jp cj;jpNahfj;jH NritapYs;s mYtyHfSf;fhd

1MtJ tpidj;jpwd;fhz; jil guPl;ir - 2014

fzpdpg; guPl;ir
fzpdpfs; - XH mwpKfk;
fzpdp vd;gJ ,d;W kdpj tho;f;ifapy; xU Kf;fpa mk;rkhfj; jpfo;fpwJ. njhopy; Jiw>
murhl;rp> fy;tp> kUj;Jtk;> Muha;r;rp> rl;lk;> r%f Nrit> ,ir> Xtpak;> jpiug;gl;k; Nghd;w
gy JiwfspYk; xU ngUk; khw;wj;jpid Vw;g;gLj;jp tUfpd;wJ. fzpdp vq;F gad;gLj;jyhk;
vd;gJ ek; fw;gidahy; kl;LNk fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.

fzpdp vd;why; vd;d?

fzpdp vd;gJ gy vnyf;Nuhdpf; ,isfspdhy; Md (transistors, capacitors, diodes,
resistors) Nghd;wtw;why; ghy cWg;Gf;fis xd;wpidj;J cUthf;fg; ngw;w XH
vnyf;Nuhdpf; ,ae;jpuj;ij Operating System vDk; Program %yk; ,aq;fr; nra;J> mjd;
%yk; xU Ntiyia Jy;ypakhfTk;> NtfkhfTk; jd;dpr;irahf nray;gl;L nra;tpf;f
$bajhf cUthf;fg; ngw;w xU fUtpNa fzpdp vd miof;fg;gLfpwJ.
fzpdpapd; KOr; nraw;ghl;bw;f;Fk; mjpy; cl;GFj;jg;gl;Ls;s Operating System
mbj;jskhfTk;> ce;Jrf;jpahfTk; mike;J vy;yh cWg;Gf;fisAk; xd;whf ,izj;J
,aq;FfpwJ. mJ Application Software d; ghtidapd; NghJ mjDld; ,ize;J mJ
,aq;Fk;
Nkilahf
mike;J
Njitahd
#o;epiyia
cUthf;fpf;
nfhLj;J>
mt;tg;NghJ
mtw;wpy;
Kd;$l;bNa
gjpag;ngw;Ws;s
cgNjrq;fSf;F
mika
fl;lisfisAk;> mwpTWj;jy;fisAk; CPU f;F toq;FtJ Operating System.
cs;thq;Fjy; (receiving), Nrkpj;jy; (storing), khw;wpaikj;jy; (manupulating)
jpwikfisf;nfhz;l xU ,yj;jpudpay; rhjdk; fzpdp vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

Nghd;w

nfhLf;fg;gLk; juTfis (data) khw;wpaikj;jNy Processing vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

,jd;NghJ RUf;Fjy;> Nrkpj;jy;> toq;fg;gLk; juTfis kPsg;ngwy; Nghd;wtw;Wld;
$l;ly;> fopj;jy;> gpupj;jy;> ngUf;fy; Nghd;w fzpj;jy; NtiyfSk; eilngWfpd;wd.
fzpdp juTfis cs;nsLg;gjw;Fr; rpy topfs; cs;sd. ,tw;wpy; nghJthdJ keyboard
KiwahFk;. mjhtJ> keyboard
,idg; gad;gLj;jpj; juTfis cs;sDg;Gjy; MFk;.
,e;j keyboard MdJ cs;sPl;Lr; rhjdk; (Input Device) vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ. juTfs;
fzpdpapDs; nrd;wJk; mtw;iwr; nraw;gLj;Jtjw;F fzpdp jahuhf ,Uf;Fk;. Mdhy;>
mtw;iw vt;thW> vg;gb> vd;d nra;aNtz;Lk; vd;gnjy;yhk; fzpdpf;F Kd;dNu
nrhy;yg;gl;bUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. ,it mwpTWj;jy;fs; (instructions) my;yJ fzpdp
epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fs; (programs) vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wd.
fzdpahdJ Fwpg;gpl;l Ntiyapidr; nra;tjw;F epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fs; topfhl;Lfpd;wd.
fzpdp
epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lj;jpd;
mwpTWj;jy;fs;
KOikahfTk;
njspthdKiwapYk;
nfhLf;fg;gly;
Ntz;Lk;.
,it
fzpdpnkhopapy;
(Computer
Language)
nfhLf;fg;gly;Ntz;Lk;.

fzpdp nkhopfs; rpy :

Basic, Pascal, C++, JAVA, VB.net

AGM. SAMEER, IT Instructor

CIMS Campus, Colombo

Page 1

mgptpUj;jp cj;jpNahfj;jH NritapYs;s mYtyHfSf;fhd 1MtJ tpidj;jpwd;fhz; jil guPl;ir - 2014

juTfs; cupaKiwapy; nraw;gLj;jg;gl;lJk; tpisTfs; fzpdpiag; gad;gLj;JNthUf;F

ntspaPl;Lr; rhjdk; (Output Device) %yk; toq;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

fzpdpapd; gz;Gfs;
Speed Ntfk;
fzpdpahdJ kpfTk; Ntfkhf Ntiyfisr; nra;aty;yJ. cjhuzkhf xU tUlk;
G+uhftpUe;J kdpjHfshy; nra;ag;gLk; xU fUkj;ij fzpdpfs; ntWk; XupU epkplj;jpDs;
nra;J Kbf;Fk; Mw;wy; nfhz;lJ.
Accuracy Jy;ypaj;jd;ik
fzpdpfspd; Jy;ypaj;jd;ik kpfTk; caHe;jjhFk;. rpy Ntisfspy; fzpdpapy; gpiofs;
,lk; ngw;wNghJk;> ,it kdpjHfspd; jtWjyhNyNa nghJthf Vw;g;ggLfpwJ.
Diligence RWRWg;G
fzpdpfs;> kdpjHfisg; Nghyy;yhJ> ve;j jtWfisAk; Vw;g;gLj;jhkYk;>
epw;f;fhkYk; epiwa ehl;f;fSf;Ff; $l njhlH;r;rpahf Ntiy nra;aty;yJ.
Versatility tpNtfk;
Njitahd
fhupaq;fis
nrayhw;wf;$baJ.

fzpdpahdJ

jHf;fuPjpahd

gbKiwfSf;F

,ilapy;

RUf;fpr;

Power of Remembering Qhgfk; itj;Jf;nfhs;Sk; rf;jp

fzpdpapDs; gadHfshy; Nrkpf;fg;gLk; jfty;fis vt;tsT fhyKk; ghJfhg;ghf
itf;fyhnkd;gNjhL> NjitNaw;gLk; NghJ mtw;iw kPl;bg; ngwTk; KbAk;. fzpdpapDs;
Nrkpf;fg;gLk; jfty;fs; xU NghJk; mjdhy; Rakhf ,of;fggLtjpy;iy.
No. I.Q. Ez;zwpT ,y;iy
fzpdpf;F nrhe;jkhf ve;jg; Gj;jpAkpy;iy. fzpdp %yk; vd;ndd;d Ntiyfs; nra;ag;gl
Ntz;Lnkd jPHkhdpf;Fk; cupik gadiuNa rhHe;jJ.
No Feelings czHr;rpfs; ,y;iy
fzpdpfSf;F czHr;rpfis Gupe;J nfhs;sf;$ba Mw;wypy;iy. Vnddpy; mit ,ae;jpuk;
vd;gjdhy; mtw;wpf;;F czHr;rpfs; ,Ug;gjpy;iy. kdpjHfs; jPHkhdnkLf;Fk; NghJ
czHr;rp> mwpT kw;Wk; mDgtk; Mfpatw;iw mbg;gilahff; nfhz;Nl jPHkhdnkLg;ghd;.
Mdhy;
fzpdpfs;
mitfSf;F
toq;fg;gl;Ls;s
mwpTWj;jy;fSf;F
mikthfNt
jPHkhdnkLf;Fk;.
Computer Applications in Society ( r%fj;jpy; fzpdpg; gad;ghL)
Learning
Online banking
Online investing
Health care
Research
Publishing
Travel arrangements
Computer-aided Design (CAD)
Computer-aided Manufacturing (CAM)

AGM. SAMEER, IT Instructor

CIMS Campus, Colombo

Page 2

mgptpUj;jp cj;jpNahfj;jH NritapYs;s mYtyHfSf;fhd 1MtJ tpidj;jpwd;fhz; jil guPl;ir - 2014

fzpdpapd; tuyhW (History of Computers)

vz;ZtJk; $l;LtJk; kdpj Fyj;jpw;f;F Mjpfhyj;jpNyNa Vw;g;gl;l xU Njit.
vz;Ztjw;F tpuy;fspdhy; Gs;sp itg;gJ> rpW NfhL fpopg;gJ vd;W njhlq;fpdhd;.
vYk;Gfspy; fPwp itj;jhd;. rpW fw;fs;> kzpfs; Nghd;wtw;iwg; gad;gLj;jpdhd;.
gpwF vz;fis cUthf;fpdhd;. mtw;iwg; gad;gLj;jp fzf;Ffis nra;aj; njhlq;fpdhd;.
mtw;iw tpiuthfr; nra;a Kjypy; ifapdhy; ,af;Fk; fUtpfisAk; gilj;jhd;. mLj;J
te;jJjhd; ,d;iwa kpd;dZf; fzdpahFk;.
fp.K. 2500 mghf]; (Abacus)
vz; fzpjj;jpw;fhf fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;l Kjy; fUtp mghf]; (kzpr;rl;lk;)
vdyhk;. ,jpy; E}ypiofSk;> mtw;wpy; kzpfSk; ,Uf;Fk;. Xt;nthU
,ioAk; xU gjpd;k (jrk) epiyiaAk;> xt;nthU kzpAk; xU gjpd;k
,yf;fj;ijAk; Fwpf;Fk;. eLtpy; cs;s rl;lj;jpd; mUfpy; cs;s kzpfs;
xU vz;izf; Fwpf;Fk;. Kjypy; Abacus $l;lYf;Fk; fopj;jYf;Fk;
gad;gl;lJ. gpd;dH ngUf;fYf;Fk; tFj;jYf;Fk; tpupthf;fg;gl;lJ.
fp.gp. 1614 -

Neg;gpaH Fr;rpfs; (Napiers Bones/Napiers Rods)

[hd; Neg;gpaH (John Napier) vDk; ];nfhl;yhe;jpidr; NrHe;j

fzpjtpayhsuhy; cUthf;fg;gl;lJ. ngUf;fiy tpiuthfr; nra;a
,r;rhjdk; cjTfpwJ. ,jpy; xt;nthU ,yf;fj;jpw;f;Fk; xU Fr;rp
,Uf;Fk;. ,f;Fr;rpfis NjitahdthW ngUf;fYf;F Vw;wJ Nghy;
mLf;fp itj;jhy; ngUf;fiy tpiuthfr; nra;ayhk;.
fp.gp. 1633 efUk; rl;lk; (Slide Rule)
tpy;ypak; Ml;nul; (Willam Oughtred) vd;gtH ,jid
cUthf;fpdhH.
,jd;
,U
Gwq;fspYk;
epiyahd
rl;lq;fSk;> eLtpy; xU efUk; rl;lKk; cs;sJ. ,ijg;
gad;gLj;jp ngUf;fiyAk;> tFj;jiyAk;> $l;ly;> fopj;jy; Nghd;wtw;iwAk; nra;ayhk;.
fp.gp. 1642 Roy; rf;fuf; fzpg;ghd;

(Pascaline)

gpuQ;R fzpj Nkijahd gpNsa;]; g];fy; (Blaise Pascl) vd;gtuhy;

gh];fypd;
(Pascaline)
vDk;
$l;Lk;
rhjdk;
tbtikf;fg;gl;lJ.
mr;rhjdj;ijf; fz;Lgpbj;j NghJ mtUf;F 19 tajhFk;. mtH tup
t#ypf;Fk; gzp Gupe;J te;jhH. mtUf;F cjtp Guptjw;f;fhfNt
,r;rhjdj;ijf; fz;Lgpbj;jhH. ,jid ,d;iwa fzpg;nghwpf;F Kd;Ndhb
vdyhk;. ,jpy; nek;gpfSk; Ntfkhw;wpfSk; (levers and gears) ,Ue;jd.
fp.gp. 1822 bg;ud;]; vd;[pd; (Difference Engine)
Nfk;gpupl;[; gy;fiyf;fof;jpy; fzpjk; kw;Wk; nghwpapay; Jiwfspy;
tpupTiuahsuhf 19k; E}w;whz;by; gzpahw;wpa rhHy]; ghNg[; (Charles
Babbage)
,d;iwa
fzpg;nghwpapd;
mbg;gil
jj;Jtq;fis
cUthf;fpajhy;> fzpg;nghwpapd; je;ij vd;W Nghw;wg;gLfpd;whH.

AGM. SAMEER, IT Instructor

CIMS Campus, Colombo

Page 3

mgptpUj;jp cj;jpNahfj;jH NritapYs;s mYtyHfSf;fhd 1MtJ tpidj;jpwd;fhz; jil guPl;ir - 2014

,tH fzpj ciuapy; md;whlg; gof;fj;jpy; gpio fz;L kpfTk; tUj;jk; nfhz;lhH.
,g;gpioia rup nra;a xU rhjdj;ij cUthf;f vz;zpdhH. 1822 Mk; Mz;L rhHy];
ghNg[; Difference Engine vd;W miof;fg;gLfpd;w ,ae;jpij;jpid cUthf;fpdhH.
Mq;fpNyaH murhq;fj;jpd; epjp cjtpapdhy; ghNg[; ngupa gpupT nfhz;l E}w;Wf;F Nkyhd
rf;fuq;fs; ,aq;Fk; gy; rf;fuk; (Gear) fz;Lgpbf;fj; jpl;lkpl;lhH. ,tH njhopw;r;rhiy epWtp
ngUk; gzk; nrytpl;L gy CopaHfis Ntiyf;F mkHjjpdhH. Mdhy; ,k;Kaw;r;rpapy;
Njhy;tpiaj; jOtpdhH. mtH vjpHghHj;jJ Nghy; ,ae;jpuk; Jy;ypakhf nraw;gltpy;iy.
mtUf;F fpilj;j Gjpa Nahridapy; ,ae;jpu tbtj;ij khw;wpdhH. njhopyhoHfs; mtiu
tpl;Lr; nrd;wjpdhYk;> murhq;fk; epjp mspf;f kWj;jjhYk; 1833y; NtWgj;Jk; ,ae;jpuk;
(Difference Engine) jahupg;G epWj;jg;gl;lJ. ,Ue;j NghjpYk; ,tuJ ,e;jj; njhopEl;g;gkhdJ
,diwa fzpg;nghwpf;fhd xU %ykhff; fUjg;gLtjdhy; ,tH fzpg;nghwpapd; je;ijahff;
fUjg;gLfpd;whH. ,tUila %is ,d;Wk; ,q;fpyhe;jpYs;s `d;Nlupad; fhl;rpafj;jpy;
(Hunterian Museum) ghJfhf;fg;gl;L tUfpd;wJ.
fp.gp. 1890 N`hy;upj; NlGNybq; kp~pd; (Hollerith Tabulating Machine)
End Show

Jisaplg;gl;l ml;ilfisg; ghHj;J> mtwpYs;s jfty;fisg; gbj;J>

mtw;iw myrp MuhAk; jd;ik gilj;jJ ,e;jf; fUtp.

PUNCHED CARD MACHINE

(Tabulating Machine)

Herman Hollerith
113

fzpg;nghwpapd; jiyKiwfs; (Generation of Computers)

fzpg;nghwpia cUthf;Fk; njhopy; El;g;gj;jpy; Vw;g;gl;l gy Kd;Ndw;wq;fspy;> rpy kpf
Kf;fpakhdit. mit
fzpg;nghwpapd; jpwd;>
Ntfk;>
ek;gfj;jd;ik Nghd;wtw;iw
mjpfupj;jd. tpiyiaf; Fiwj;jd. ,e;j Kf;fpa njhopEl;g;gq;fspd; mbg;gilapy;
fzpg;nghwpfspd; jiyKiwfisg; gpupf;fyhk;.
Kjyhk; jiyKiw 1939 1956 (ntw;wplf; Foha;fs; - Vacuum Tube)
Vacuum Tube
fs;
kpd;Rw;wpYk;>
fhe;j
cUisia
epidtfkhfTk;
gad;gLj;jpa fzpg;nghwpfis Kjy; jiyKiw vd;fpd;Nwhk;. ,it mstpy;
ngupajhfTk;> mjpf ntg;gj;jpid Vw;g;gLj;JtjhfTk; ,Ue;jd.
,tw;iw ,af;f mjpf kpd;rhuk; Njitg;gl;lJ. mjpf msT ntg;gk;
cUthdjhy; fzpg;nghwpapd; ghfq;fs; mbf;fb gOJgl;ld. ,it Machine
Language y; kl;LNk nray;gl;ld. jfty;fs;> Jis ml;ilfs; kw;Wk; fhfpj ehlhf;fs;
%yk; cs;sPL (Input) nra;ag;gl;ld. ntapaPLfs; (Output) mr;Rg;nghwp topahf mr;rplg;gl;L
ntspte;jd. ,e;jf; fzpg;nghwpfs; xU rkaj;jpy; fzpg;ig kl;LNk nra;Ak; jpwd;
nfhz;lit.
AdptHry; Ml;NlhNkl;bf; fk;g;A+l;lH (Universal Automatic Computer UNIVAC) kw;Wk;
vyf;Nuhdpf; epA+kupfy; ,d;lf;NulH md;l; fy;FNyl;lH (Electronic Numerical Integrator and
Calculator - ENIAC) Fwpg;gplj;jf;f Kjy; jiyKiwfs;.
,uz;lhk; jiyKiw 1956 1963 (buhd;rp];lH Transistor)
Vacuum Tube fSf;fg; gjpyhf Transistor gad;gJj;jg;gl;lJ. msTk;>
Njitahd
kpd;rhuKk;
Fiwe;jJ.
Transistor
ck;
mjpf
ntg;gk;
ntspapl;ljhy;> fzpg;nghwp rpy rkaq;fspy; jtwhf nray;gl;lJ. Mdhy;
AGM. SAMEER, IT Instructor
CIMS Campus, Colombo

Page 4

mgptpUj;jp cj;jpNahfj;jH NritapYs;s mYtyHfSf;fhd 1MtJ tpidj;jpwd;fhz; jil guPl;ir - 2014

Ke;jpa jiyKiwapypUe;J ngUksT Kd;NdwpapUe;jJ.

,jpy; cs;sPl;Lf;F Jis ml;ilfSk;> ntspaPl;Lf;F mr;Rg; nghwpfSk; gad;gl;ld.
Machine Language ,ypUe;J Assembly Language w;f;F Kd;NdwpaJ. ,jpy; fl;lisfs; rpW
nrhw;fs; %yk; nfhLf;fg;gl;d.
,e;jf; fhyfl;lj;jpy;jhd; Nfhgy; (COBOL) /NghHl;ud; (FORTRAN) Nghd;w caHepiy
nkhopfspd; (High Level Language) njhlf;fg; gjpg;Gf;fs; cUthf;fg;gl;ld. ,e;jj;
jiyKiwapy; epidtfj;jpw;f;F fhe;j tisaq;fs; (Magnetic Core) gad;gLj;jg;gl;ld.
juTfis kl;Lky;yhky;> fl;lisfisAk; epidtfj;jpy; itf;Fk; njhopy; El;gk;
mwpKfkhdJ.
%d;whk; jiyKiw 1964 1971 (xUq;fik Rw;Wf;fs; - Integrated Circuits IC)
Gy Transistor fspid RUf;fp xNu Chip f;Fs; cUthf;fg;gl;lit
Integrated Circuits. ,it fzpg;nghwpapd; jpwidAk;> Ntfj;ijAk; kpfTk;
mjpfg;gLj;jp xU jiyKiw khw;wj;ijNa Vw;g;gLj;jpaJ.
NkYk; cs;sPl;Lf;F Keyboard, ntspaPl;Lf;F Monitor rhjdkhf te;jd.
fzpg;nghwpapd; gy gFjpfisAk; epHtfpg;gjw;f;F Operating System Njhd;wpd. ,jdhy; gy
fzf;FfSf;F xNu rkaj;jpy; jPHT fhz Kbe;jJ.
ehd;fhk; jiyKiw 1971 - ,d;Wtiu (Ez;nrayp Microprocessor)
Gy
IC
fspd;
nraw;g;ghLfis
cs;slf;fpajhf
Microprocessor
cUthf;fg;gl;lJ. ,it fzpg;nghwpapd; jpwid xU Gjpa epiyf;Ff;
nfhz;L nrd;wd. NkYk; gy fzpg;nghwpfis ,izj;J Network
cUthf;fg;gl;ld. gpd;dH ,J ghupasthf;fg;gl;L ,d;W ,izak;
(Internet) vd tpupthfpAs;sJ.
Ie;jhk; jiyKiw - ,dp tUq;fhyk; (nraw;f;if mwpT Artificial Intelligence)
jhdhf rpe;jpj;J nray;gLtJ Nghy; Njhd;Uk; mikg;G Artificial Intelligence vdyhk;.
fzpg;nghwpahdJ ,t;thW nray;gl Ntz;Lnkd;w Nehf;fpy; Muha;r;rpfs; ,lk;ngWfpd;wd.

fzpdpapd; tiffs; (Types Of The Computer)

fzpdpahdJ ghu;it mbg;gilapYk; njhopw;ghl;bd; mbg;gilapYk; ghtid mbg;gilapYk;
tifg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.

njhopw;ghl;bd;; mbg;gilapy; tifg;gLj;jy;

ANALOG COMPUTER
Muk;gfhyj;jpy; fzpdpfs; Analog fzpdpfshfNt ,Ue;jd. Mdhy; jw;nghOJ ,it
mupjhfp Digital Computer fNs cyif Mf;fpukpj;Js;sd. ,Ug;gpDk; Analog fzpdpfs;>
Ma;T$lq;fspy; jw;nghOJk; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd.
DIGITAL COMPUTERS
jw;NghJ $Ljyhd gad;ghl;bYs;sit ,f;fzpdpfNs. ,t;tif fzpdpfs; 1 - 0 ,id
mbg;gilahff; nfhz;Nl njhopw;gLfpd;wd.

AGM. SAMEER, IT Instructor

CIMS Campus, Colombo

Page 5

mgptpUj;jp cj;jpNahfj;jH NritapYs;s mYtyHfSf;fhd 1MtJ tpidj;jpwd;fhz; jil guPl;ir - 2014

HYBRID COMPUTER
Digital Computer, Analog Computer Mfpa ,uz;bdJk; ,ay;gpid cs;slf;fpa fzpdpNa
Hybrid Computer vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,J Muha;r;rpfSf;Fg; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.

ghu;it mbg;gilapy; tifg;gLj;jy;

MAINFRAME
Network ,y; gy E}W fzpdpfSf;Fj; jiyikf; fzpdpahf nraw;gLk; fzpdpNa
Mainframe vdg;gLfpwJ. ,J gUkdpy; kpfTk; ngupajhfTk;> NtfkhdjhfTk; $ba
nfhs;ssT cilajhfTk; ,Uf;Fk;.
MINI COMPUTER
Network ,y; Mainframe cld; ,ize;J nraw;gLk; Jizf;fzpdpfs; Mini Computer vd
miof;fg;gLfpd;wd. ,it Mainframe ,idtplg; gUkdpy; rpwpaitahf ,Uf;fpd;wd.
,tw;Wld; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f njhifapy; jdpegH fzpdpfs; ,izf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
MICRO COMPUTER
ehk; rhjhuzkhfg; gad;gLj;Jk; Personal Computer fs; (PCs) ahTNk Micro Computer vDk;
tifiar; Nru;e;jitahFk;. ,it gad;gLj; jg;gLk; tpjj;jpw;Nfw;g tifg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd.
mitahtd:
1. Desktop Computer
2. Laptop Computer (Notebook Computer)
3. Palmtop Computer
4. Pocket Computer

ghtid mbg;gilapy; tifg;gLj;jy;

SPECIAL PURPOSE COMPUTER
Muha;r;rp Nghd;w tpNrl NjitfSf;nfd tbtikf;fg;gLk; fzpdpfs; ahTk; Special Purpose
Computers vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wd. ,it Super Computer vdTk; miof;fg;gLfpd;wd.
GENERAL PURPOSE COMPUTER
nghJthd NjitfSf;Fg; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; fzpdpfs; ahTk; General Purpose Computer vd
miof;fg;gLfpd;wd. mjhtJ mYtyfk; kw;Wk; tPl;Lg; ghtidapy; cs;s fzpdpfs; ahTk;
,t;tifapidr; Nru;e;jitahFk;. ,it ,uz;L tiffshfg; gpupf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. (gpujhd
epWtdq;fspd; mbg;gilapy;)
1. IBM Compatible Computer
2. Apple Compatible Computer

AGM. SAMEER, IT Instructor

CIMS Campus, Colombo

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mgptpUj;jp cj;jpNahfj;jH NritapYs;s mYtyHfSf;fhd 1MtJ tpidj;jpwd;fhz; jil guPl;ir - 2014

fzpdpapd; cl;nrad;Kiw

cs;sPl;Lj; njhFjpapy; mDg;gg;gLfpd;w juthdJ (Data) ikar; nraw;g;ghl;Lj; njhFjpapy;

nrad;Kiwf;F

cl;gLj;jg;gl;L

jftyhf

(Information)

ntspaPl;Lj;

njhFjpapD}lhf

ngwg;gLfpwJ.

juTfs;
juTfs; vd;gJ mHj;jkw;w kw;Wk; xOq;fw;w tplaq;fNs juTfshFk;. mit vz;fdhfNth>
ntg;gepiy> xyp> xsp> mOj;jk;> cauk; Kjyhd mstPLfshfNth> nrhw;f;fshfNth my;yJ
gpw gaDila Fwpg;Gf;fshfNth ,Uf;fyhk;.

jfty;fs;
juTfs; nrad;Kiwf;F cl;gLj;jg;gLtjd;
mikf;fg;gl;l juTfis jfty;fs; vdyhk;.
vdNt
mHj;jkw;w
jutfs;
ngwg;gLfpd;wd vdyhk;.

%yk;

nrad;Kiwf;F

fUj;Js;sthW

cl;gLj;jg;gLtjd;

xOq;F

nra;ag;gl;L

%yk;

jfty;fs;

nrad;Kiw
juTfis mHj;jKs;sjhf khw;Wk; nraw;g;ghL nra;Kiw vdg;gLk;. ngw;Wf;nfhs;sy;>
gjpTnra;jy;> xOq;fikj;jy;> kPsg;ngwy; vd;gd nrad;Kiwfshf; nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wd.
fzpdpapd; mbg;gilf; fl;likg;G (BASIC STRUCTURE OF COMPUTER)
Total Computer System
Hardware
Input Devices
Output Devices
CPU (Central Processing Unit)
Storage Devices
Internal Storage
Devices

Software
Application
Software System Software/
Operating System

Ex :-DOS
Windows 95
Packages
Windows 98
Killer
External Storage
Ex :- Microsoft Office
Windows NT
Ubundu
Coral Draw
Windows 2000
Devices
Linux
Adobe Photoshop
Windows XP
Unix
AutoCAD.etc
Windows Vista
MAC
Languages
Widows 7
Ex :- Pascal
Widows 8
VB.net
Windows Server 2003
Java
Windows Server 2008
C++ etc
Windows Server 2012

AGM. SAMEER, IT Instructor

CIMS Campus, Colombo

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mgptpUj;jp cj;jpNahfj;jH NritapYs;s mYtyHfSf;fhd 1MtJ tpidj;jpwd;fhz; jil guPl;ir - 2014

Hardware (td;nghUs;)
fzpdpapid

cUthf;fg; gad;gLj;jg;gLtJk;>

Software

,dhy; nraw;gLj;jg;gLtJkhd

,yj;jpudpay; gFjpfs; Hardware vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

,jid 4 gpupTf;Fs; cs;slf;fyhk;
cs;sPl;Lr; rhjdq;fs; (Input Devises)
ntspaPl;Lr; rhjdq;fs; (Output Devises)
ikar;nraw;ghl;Lj; njhFjp (Central Processing Unit CPU)
fzpdpapd; Nrkpg;gfk; (Storages Devises)
cs;sPl;Lr; rhjdq;fs; (Input Devices)
juTfisAk; epfo;r;rpj;jpl;l mwpTWj;jy;fisAk; fzpdpapDs; mDg;gg; gad;gLk; rhjdq;fs;
ahTk; cs;sPl;Lg; gFjp my;yJ cs;sPl;Lr; rhjdq;fs; vd miof;fg; gLfpd;wd.

rpy cs;sPl;Lr;rhjdq;fs; :

Keyboard
Mouse
Scanner
Light Pen
Magnetic Disk
Magnetic Tape
Modem
Digital Camera

ntspaPl;Lr; rhjdq;fs; (Output Devices)

fzpdpapdhy; Process

nra;ag;gl;;l

ngWNgWfisg;

ghtidahsUf;F

toq;fg;

gad;gLk;

rhjdq;fs; ahTk; ntspaPl;Lg; gFjp my;yJ ntspaPl;Lr; rhjdq;fs; vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wd.

rpy ntspaPl;Lr;rhjdq;fs; :

Printer
Monitor
Magnetic Disk
Optical Disk
Speaker
Plotter
Modem

ikar;nraw;ghl;Lj;njhFjp (Central Processing Unit CPU)

fzpdpapd; %is my;yJ ,jak; vd ,J miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ. CPU MdJ fzpj> kw;Wk;
ju;ff
; uPjpahd jPu;Tfis vLg;gJld;> fzpdpapd; rfy ghfq;fisAk; fl;Lg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. ,J
Processor vdTk; miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

AGM. SAMEER, IT Instructor

CIMS Campus, Colombo

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mgptpUj;jp cj;jpNahfj;jH NritapYs;s mYtyHfSf;fhd 1MtJ tpidj;jpwd;fhz; jil guPl;ir - 2014

CPU ,d; gpujhd njhopw;ghLfs;

eilngwNtz;ba njhlu;r;rpahd njhopw;ghLfis>

mwpTWj;jy;fspd; mbg;gilapy; fl;Lg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.

cs;sPl;Lj; njhFjpapdhy; mDg;gg;gLk;

epidtfj;jpy;

Nrkpf;fg;

gl;Ls;s

juTfisAk; mwpTWj;jy;fisAk; mjDila

gpujhd epidtfj;jpy; (Main Memory) ,y; Nrkpf;fpd;wJ.

fzpdpapd; rfy gFjpfSf;Fkhd fl;lisfis toq;Ffpd;wJ.

juTfs;

nrad;Kiwg;gLj;jg;gl;LtUk;

tpisTfis

ntspaPl;Lj;

njhFjpapw;F

mDg;Gfpd;wJ.
fl;Lg;ghl;Lj; njhFjp (Control Unit)
,J fzpdpapy; kpf Kf;fpakhd gFjpahFk;. ,J fzpdpapd; Vida ghfq;
fl;Lg;gLj;jy; kw;Wk; xUq;fpizj;jy; Nghd;w nrw;ghLfis Nkw;nfhs; fpd;wJ.

fisf;

fzpj kw;Wk; ju;ff

; uPjpahd njhFjp (Arithmatic And Logic Unit)
,J gpujhdkhf ,uz;L njhopw;ghLfis Nkw;nfhs;fpd;wJ.
1) fzpjr; nraw;ghLfisr; nra;tJld; mjd; ngWNgWfis epidtfj;jpw;F mDg;Gfpd;wJ.
2) ju;ff
; uPjpahd njhopw;ghLfisr; nra;fpd;wJ.
fzpdpapd; epidtfk; (Computer Memory)
juTfs;> jfty;fs;> mwpTWj;jy;fs; Nghd;wtw;iwg; gjpe;Jitf;fg; gad;gLk; fzpdpapd;
gFjp epidtfk; (memory) vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ. fzpdpfs; ,yj;jpudpay; Kiwapy;
juTfisr; Nrkpf;fpd;wd. ,r;nraw;ghLfs; kpd;Jbg;Gf;fis czUk; Rw;Wf;fs;%yk;
eilngWfpd;wd.
gpujhd

epidtfk; (Primary Memory Or Main Memory)

jw;fhyj;jpy; chips ,dhy; cUthf;fg;gl;l gpujhd epidtfk; semiconductor memory

Mfpatw;wpy; memory chips IC tbtq;fspNyNa fhzg;gLfpd;wd. kpfr;rpwpa gFjpapDs;
gyE}W ,yj;jpudpay; gFjpjpfisf;nfhz;l Rw;Wf;fs; IC vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wd. ,e;j IC
fis cUthf;Ftjw;Fg;
gpujhdkhf ,uz;L njhopDl;gq;fs;
gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd.
mitahtd:
1) MOS (Metal Oxide Semiconductor) ,idg; gad;gLj;Jjy;.
2) Bipolar Semiconductor ,idg; gad;gLj;Jjy;.
MOS
MOS

MdJ Fiwe;j kpd;rf;jpAld; nrw;glf;$bajhFk;. ,t;tif epidtfq;fis ,uz;L

tiffshfg; gpupf;fyhk;.
1.

RAM (Random Access Memory epiyah epidtfk;)

2.

ROM (Read Only Memory mopah epidtfk;)

AGM. SAMEER, IT Instructor

CIMS Campus, Colombo

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mgptpUj;jp cj;jpNahfj;jH NritapYs;s mYtyHfSf;fhd 1MtJ tpidj;jpwd;fhz; jil guPl;ir - 2014

ROM
,e;epidtfj;jpy; gjpe;Js;stw;iw thrpf;fkl;LNk KbAk;. ,jpYs;stw;iw
mopf;fNth my;yJ khw;wk; nra;aNth KbahJ.
RAM
thrpg;gjw;Fk; gjptjw;Fkhd epidtfkhFk;. ,q;F fzpdpahdJ off
MFk;NghJ ,e;j epidtfj;jpy; gjpe;Jitj;jpUe;jit ahTk; mope;JtpLk;.

Jiz epidtfk; (Secondary Memory or Auxiliary Memory)

,q;F gjpag;gLgit mopahky; epue;jukhf ,Ug;gjdhy; ,J NonVolatile Memory vd
miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ. mjhtJ CPU MdJ ,aq;fhky; off epiyf;F te;jhYk; ,jpy;
gjpag;gl;Ls;sit mope;JNghfhJ. ,J Main Memory I tpl Ntfk; Fiwe;jJ.

Software (nkd;nghUs;)
fzpdpapdhy;
nraw;gLj;jg;gLfpd;w
mwpTWj;jy;fspd;
gl;bay;
software
miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ. software gpujhdkhf %d;W gpupTfshf gpupf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

vd

mitahtd :
1) Firm ware
2) System software
3) Application software
FIRMWARE
cw;gj;jpahsh;fshy; cw;gj;jpapd;NghJ fzpdpapd; Hardware ,y; epue;jukhfg; gjpag;gLk; xU
njhFjp mwpTWj;jy;fs; Firmware vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,jid mbg;gilahf itj;Nj
fzpdpapd; Vida Software fs; ,aq;Ffpd;wd.
cjhuzk; :
1. Memory Testing
2. fzpdpia on nra;jTld; eilngWk; Muk;gr;nraw;ghLfs;.
SYSTEM SOFTWARE
fzpdpapd; Hardware gFjpapidg; gaDs;sjhf;Ffpd;w rfy epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fSk; System
Software vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wd.
APPLICATION SOFTWARE
fzpdpapy; Fwpg;gpl;l Ntiyfisr; nra;Ak;
epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fs; Application Software vd
miof;fg;gL fpd;wd. ,it System Software ,id mbg;gilahf itj;Jf;nfhz;L
nraw;gLfpd;wd. Application Software MdJ gpujhdkhf ,uz;L gpupTfisf; nfhz;Ls;sJ.

AGM. SAMEER, IT Instructor

CIMS Campus, Colombo

Page 10

mgptpUj;jp cj;jpNahfj;jH NritapYs;s mYtyHfSf;fhd 1MtJ tpidj;jpwd;fhz; jil guPl;ir - 2014

,izak; vd;why; vd;d?

,izak;

vd;gJ

gy;yhapuf;fzf;fhd

fzpdpg;gpizaq;fspd;

xUq;fpizf;fg;gl;l>

gpizaq;fspd; gpizakha; (Network to Network) ,Uf;fpwJ.

,d;lHnel; vd;gJ cyfj;jpYs;s nra;jpfs; midj;ijAk; xl;Lnkhj;jkhf xd;W NrHj;J

fzpdp %ykhf clDf;Fld; cq;fSf;F njupag;gLj;Jk; xU Gjpa njhopy;El;gkhFk;.

,iza Nritapid toq;FgtHfis Internet Servive Provider (ISP) vdyhk;.

,izaj;jpd; gad;ghLfs; vd;d?

Gjpa epWtdq;fis mwpKfk; nra;jy;

Gjpa fz;Lgpbg;Gf;fis clDf;Fld; cyfpw;F njupag;gLj;Jjy;

Gjpa nghUl;fis mwpKfk; nra;jYk; mtw;iw tpw;gid nra;jYk;

njhlHghly; Nritapid tpidj;jpwdhf Nkw;nfhs;jy;

Ex:- Video Conference skype, Facebook , <-nkapy; %ykhd njhlHghly;

,iza cyhtp (Internet Browser) vd;why; vd;d?

,J xU nkd;nghUshFk;. kPAiu gupkhw;w tiuKiw (HTTP) %yk; HTML nkhopapy;

vOjl;l gf;fq;fis ghHf;f cjTfpd;wJ.

Google Crome

Mozila Firefox
Internet explorer
Netcape Navigator
Opera
Chromium Browser
Safari
Maxthon

URL (Uniform Resource Identifier)

url vd;gJ ,izaj;jsj;jpidf;
KftupahFk;.
Ex:- www.google.com
,iza

Kftupapd;

,Wjpg;ghfj;jpy;

fhz;gjw;F

cyhtpapy;

fhzg;gLfpd;w

ePq;fs;

Domain

cs;spLk;

%yk;

mj;jsk;

,iza

gw;wpa

jfty;fis ehk; XusTf;F mwpe;J nfhs;syhk;.

.com - tzpf Nehf;fj;jpw;f;fhd epWtd ,izaj;jsq;fs;
.edu -

fy;tprhH ,izaj;jsq;fs;

.org -

,yhg Nehf;Fila epWtd ,izaj;jsq;fs;

.gov - mur epWtdq;fSf;fhd ,izaj;jsq;fs;

.lk

- ,yq;ifapd; ,izaj;jsq;fs;

.gov.lk - ,yq;if mur jpizf;fsq;fspd; ,izaj;jsq;fs;

.lk, .ca, .in, .nz - ,izaj;jsq;fs; mike;Js;s ehLfs; gw;wp mwpe;J nfhs;syhk;.
AGM. SAMEER, IT Instructor
CIMS Campus, Colombo

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mgptpUj;jp cj;jpNahfj;jH NritapYs;s mYtyHfSf;fhd 1MtJ tpidj;jpwd;fhz; jil guPl;ir - 2014

IP Address (IP Kftup)

ehk; NjLk; KftupahdJ ve;j fzpdpapy; fhzg;gLfpd;wNjh mjw;f;fhd KftupNa IP Kftup
vdg;gLfpwJ. IP Kftupapid vy;yh ,izaq;fSf;Fk; Qhgfj;jpy; itj;jpUg;gJ vd;gJ
rhj;jpakw;wJ vd;gjdhy; url %yk; mJ milahsg;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.
Ex:- www.google.com vDk; url ,w;f;fhd IP KftupahdJ 172.194.127.113 vd mikfpwJ.
DNS (fyg;ngaH mikg;G)
,izaj;jpw;f;fhd njhiyNgrp Gj;jfNk DNS MFk;. njhiyNgrpapy; [hd;Nlh vDk;
ngaupidj; NjLk; NghJ mtuJ njhiyNgrp ,yf;fk; nkhopngaHf;fg;gLtJ Nghy DNS
MdJ www.google.com vDk; url ,id IP Kftupahf nkhop ngaHf;fpwJ.
Search Engine (NjL nghwp)
Fwpg;gpl;l ,iza KftupahdJ njupahjtplj;J vkf;Fj; Njitahd tplj;jpid
nra;tjd; %yk; mJ rk;ke;jkhd ,izaj;js Kftupapid ngw;Wf; nfhs;syhk;.
rpwe;j NjL nghwpfs; rpy:-

ilg;

1. www.google.com
2. www.msn.com
3. www.yahoo.com
4. www.ask.com
5. www.youtube.com Video
6. www.bing.com
7. www.duckduckgo.com
E-mail (kpd; mQ;ry;)
kpd;dQ;rypidg; ghtpj;J ,izaj;jpD}lhf cyfpd; ve;jnthU ghfj;jpypUe;Jk; ,d;DnkhU
ghfj;jpw;F kpff; Fwfpa fhyj;jpy; VjhtnjhU tplaj;ij (glq;fs;> tPbNah> ,ir)
gupkhw;wpf;nfhs;s KbAk;. ,izaj;jpy; kpd;dQ;ry; Nritapid ,ytrkhf ngw;Wj; jUk;
,izaj;jsq;fs; gy cs;sd.
1. www.gmail.com
2. www.outlook.com
3. www.yahoomail.com
4. www.mail.com
5. www.aol.com
kpd;dQ;rypid cUthf;Fjy; kw;Wk; mDg;Gjy;> ngWjy; nrad;Kiwfis Muha;f?

AGM. SAMEER, IT Instructor

CIMS Campus, Colombo

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E Government Projects
01. Government Web Portal (www.gov.lk) ,y; Web Portal vd;gJ ICTA ,d; xU
nraw;wpl;lkhFk; (Project). ,jDs; Link MFk; NghJ ,yq;if murpd; midj;J
epWtdq;fSf;Fkhd ntg;jsq;fSf;Fk; CLUt KbAk;.
02. ,jDs; Link MFk; NghJ ,yq;if murpapd; midj;J epWq;fSf;Fkhd website
,Ds; CLUt KbAk;.
03. mjhtJ Vida Ministry / Departments ,d; website ,Ds; ,yFtpy; CLUtyhk;.
(,izg;gpid Vw;gLj;jyhk;)
04. ,JNt ,yq;if muRf;F nrhe;jkhd ghupa ,izg;igAila web Portal MFk;.
05. ,J Kk;nkhopfspYk; cz;L.
www.document.lk
01.
02.
03.
04.

,J xU Kf;fpakhd ,izg;G MFk;.

,J Government Press Department (,yq;if mr;Rj; jpizf;fsj;jpd;) website MFk;.
,jd; %yk; Kf;fpakhf ,yq;if muR ntspaPLk; tHjkhd;fis jUtpf;fyhk;
(Download).
,d;Dk; ,yq;if muR mr;rfj;jpdhy; gpuRupf;fg;gLk; E}y;fs; (jhgd tpjpf;Nfhit>
epjp eilKiwfs; - FR> eilKiw tpjpf;Nfhit) vd;gtw;wpid Download gz;zyhk;.

www.pubad.gov.lk
01.
02.
03.
04.

Murhq;f epUthf cs;ehl;lYty;fs; mikr;rpd; cj;jpNahfG+Ht ,izaj;jsk;

,JthFk;.
,jd; rpwg;G ahnjdpy; 1970 Mk; Mz;L njhlf;fk; ntspaplg;gl;l midj;J murhq;f
epUtthf Rw;wwpf;iffis Download nra;ayhk;.
,e;j ,izaj;jsj;jpy; ,yq;ifapd; epUthf fl;likg;G njspTgLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.
Murhq;f epUthf mikr;R elhj;Jk; guPl;irfspd; ngWNgWfs; ,t; Web Site ,NyNa
ntspaplg;gLfpwJ.
Ex :- EB Exam Result
SLAS exam Result
Management Assistant Exam Result

www.doenets.lk
01.
02.

,JNt ,yq;if guPl;irj; jpizf;fsj;jpd; cj;jpNahfG+Ht ,izaj;jsk; ,JthFk;.

Mjd; %yk; ghlrhiy kl;lj;jpy; eilngWk; guPl;irfspd; ngWNgWfisg;
guPl;rpf;fyhk; mj;Jld; eilngwtpUf;fpd;w guPl;irf;fhd Neu ml;ltizapidAk;
ngw;Wf;nfhs;syhk;.
Ex :- O/L Results
A/L Results
Grade 5 Scholarship Results
doenets Department of Examination National Evaluation and Testing Services

mur jpizf;fsk; / mikr;Rf;fspy; nghJthf ghtidapYs;s nkd;nghUs;fs; (Softwares)

01.
02.
03.

fzf;fpay; (Accountancy) njhlHghd NjitfSf;F ZIGAS

Gs;sptpguk; (Statics) njhlHghd NjitfSf;F / gFg;gha;Tf;F SPSS
mur cj;jpNahfj;jHfsJ Nrit tuyhW / Nrit tpguk; Nghd;wtw;iw Nrkpf;fTk;
mtHfsJ
,lkhw;wk;>
gjtpAaHT>
gjtpePf;fk;>
Xa;TngWjy;>
Nritapy;

AGM. SAMEER, IT Instructor

CIMS Campus, Colombo

Page 13

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cWjpg;gLj;jy;>
tpidj;jpwd;fhz;jil
gad;gLj;jg;gLk; nkd;nghUs; - e-HRM

ngWNgWfis

(EB)

ntsptplTk;

jw;NghJs;s Government ,dJ nraw;wpl;lq;fs; (Projects)

01.
02.
03.
04.
05.

e-NIC
e-Pension
Nenasara
Nenasala
e-education

fzf;fPl;L nkd;nghUl;fs;

mur epWtdq;fspy; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;w fzf;fPl;L nkd;nghUl;fspy; Kf;fpakhditfs;.

Payroll vDk; nkd;nghUshdJ rk;gsk; kw;Wk; Vida nfhLg;gdTfs; njhlHghdJ.

,g; Payroll ,dhy; nra;ag;gLk; fzf;fpay; juTfs; Automatic Mf CIGAS ,y; Link /
Share Mff;$baJ.

CIGAS ,d; gad;ghLfs; gyTs;sd:

mitahtd
mur nfhLg;gdT eilKiwfs; njhlHghd fzf;fPl;L eltbf;iffs;
tuT / nryT Kiwfisg; gjpe;J Ie;njhif rkg;gLj;jy;.
nfhs;tdT eilKiwfs; (Procurement) njhlHghd eltbf;iffs;.
Inventory (ifapUg;G) gjpTfs; kw;Wk; mtw;iw ehsJ tiugLj;jy; (Updating).
Audit njhlHghd Njitg;ghLfis (fzf;fha;T) Ak; ,jd; %yk; G+Hj;jp nra;ayhk;.
NkYk; ntspehl;L J}jufq;fspy; Ntiy
khWgLk; mt;tt; ehl;Lf;Fupa ntspehl;L

nra;Ak; ,yq;ifaHfSf;F ehshe;jk;

gzg;ngWkjpia jpUj;jkhf ,yq;if

&ghtpNyNa nrYj;Jk; Mw;wy; CIGAS ,y; fhzg;gLfpwJ.

fzpdp er;Repuy; (Computer Virus, fzpdp itu];)

fzpdpg;

ghJfhg;G

njhopy;

El;gj;jpy;

gadupd;

mDkjpapd;wp

jhdhfNt

efnyLf;Fk;

,aq;fpfisAk; (tpz;NlhR ,aq;Fjsj;jpy; .exe) Vida Nfhg;Gf;fisAk; ghjpf;Fk; xU

epuyhFk;. ,it fzpdp tiyaikg;gpD}lhfTk; (,izak; kw;Wk;
tiyaikg;G)> fhtpr; nry;yf;$ba Nrkpg;G Clfq;fs; (vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf
Nghd;wtw;whYk; guTfpd;wJ.
NkYk;

ngUk;ghyhd

fzpdpfs;

,izaj;JlDk;

mff;fzpdp

mff; fzpdp
gpsh]; b];f;)

tiyaikg;GlDk;

,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. ,jdhy; ,d;iwa er;R epuy;fs; cyfshtpa tiyaikg;G (World Wide

Web)>

kpd;dQ;ry;

(e-mail)

kw;Wk;

Nfhg;Gf;fisg;

gfpUk;

tiyaikg;Gf;fspD}lhfTk;

guTfpd;wd.

AGM. SAMEER, IT Instructor

CIMS Campus, Colombo

Page 14

mgptpUj;jp cj;jpNahfj;jH NritapYs;s mYtyHfSf;fhd 1MtJ tpidj;jpwd;fhz; jil guPl;ir - 2014

fzpdp itu];fspdhy; Vw;g;gLk; ghjpg;Gf;fs;

juTfis nkd;nghUl;fis mopj;jy;

mjpfkhd

,lq;fis

epidtfj;jpy;

Mf;fpukpg;G

nra;J

mjd;

%yk;

fzpdpapd;

nraw;ghl;L Ntfj;ij Fiwj;jy;.

fzpdpapy; Ntiy nra;Ak; NghJ gy tpjkhd njhe;juTfis nra;fpwJ.

Ex:- njhlHr;rpahf xU Fwpg;gpl;l Nfhg;G jpwe;J nfhz;Nl ,Uj;jy;.

fzpdp er;R epuyhdJ fzpdpapDs; GFe;J itu]pid mDg;gpatUf;F fzpdpapd;

nraw;ghLfis mDg;gp itf;fpd;wJ.
Ex:- fldl;il %ykhd nfhs;tdtpd; NghJ> ,iza tq;fpr; Nritapd; NghJ mJ
gw;wpa jfty;fis ,izaj;jpd; %ykhf mDg;GfpwJ.

Nfhg;Gf;fspid mopj;jYk; mjd; Fzhjp];aq;fis khw;WjYk;.

Ex:- rp];lk; (System) Nfhg;ghfNth> kiwf;fg;gl;l Nfhg;ghfNth khw;Wfpd;wJ.

fzpdp itu]; ghJfhg;G nkd;nghUl;fs; (Antivirus Softwares)

AVG

Norton

Avast

Eset Nod 32

Avaira

Kespersky

McAfee

Symantac

Panda

Bitdefender

jpwe;j %y nkd;nghUs; (Antivirus Softwares)

jpwe;j %y nkd;nghUs; (Open-Source Software) vd;gJ %y epuw;nuhlUld; (source Code)

ntspaplg;gLk; nkd;nghUs; MFk;. ,jid ntspapLNthH Fwpg;gpl;l nkd;nghUs; mDkjpapd;
(Software Licence) fPo; ,e;j %y epuw;nuhliu ntspapLthHfs;. me;j mDkjpapd; (Software
Licence) gb vtUk; me;j Mjhu epuw;nuhliu gbf;fNth> khWjy; nra;aNth> kw;wtHfSld;
gfpHe;Jnfhs;sNth KbAk;.
tpz;Nlh]; ,aq;Fjsk; (Windows Operating System)

,J

xU

Graphical

Interface

(tiufiy

epWtdj;jpdhy;
jahupf;fg;gl;L>
tpw;gid
ikf;nuhnrhg;l; epWtdk; tpzNlh]; vDk;

,ilKfk;)

,id

cila

ikf;unrhg;l;

nra;ag;gLfpd;w
nkd;nghUshFk;.
,jd;gb
,aq;Fjsj;jpid cUthf;fpaJ. KjyhtJ

Graphical ,aq;Fjsj;jpid November 20, 1985 ,y; ntsptplg;gl;lJ. mJ Graphical User

Interface GUI) vdg;gLfpwJ.

AGM. SAMEER, IT Instructor

CIMS Campus, Colombo

Page 15

mgptpUj;jp cj;jpNahfj;jH NritapYs;s mYtyHfSf;fhd 1MtJ tpidj;jpwd;fhz; jil guPl;ir - 2014

Nfhit (File)

fzpdpapy; gy mikg;G nkd;nghUs;fspdhy; Mf;fg;gLk; juTfs; midj;Jk; Nfhitfshf

Nrkpj;J itf;fg;gLfpd;wd.
Nghy;lH (Folder)

Nfhitfis Nrkpj;J itf;Fkplk;; Nghy;lH vd miof;fg;gLfpwJ. xU Nghy;lupy; xd;W

my;yJ gy NfhitfisAk;> Nghy;lHfisAk; Nrkpf;fyhk;.
mYtyf eilKiwapd; NghJ fzpdpapd; gad;ghLfs; gw;wp Muha;f?
1.

fbjq;fspid jl;lr;R (Type) nra;J tbtikg;gjw;F gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.

2.

mYtyfj;jpy; Njitahd Nfhg;Gf;fis gfpHe;J nfhs;jy;.

3.

Online %ykhf Application Form fis ntspg;gLj;jy; kw;Wk; jpUg;gpg;ngwy;.

4.

mYtyfq;fSf;fpilapy; nkapy; trjpapD}lhf jfty;fis gupkhw;wpf;nfhs;jy;.

5.

iftpuy; milahs (Finger Print) ,ae;jpuj;jpd; %ykhf gjpag;gLfpd;w tuTfspid

nkd;nghUl;fspidg; gad;gLj;jp ngwg;gl;L rk;gs fzpg;gPLfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wd.

6.

gpwg;Gr; rhd;wpjo;fspid Online %ykhf ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sk; trjpapid Vw;gLj;jy;.

7.

xU mYtyfk; njhlHghd jfty;fspid ,izaj;jsk; %ykhf ntspg;gLj;jy;.

cjhuzkhf mYtyfH rk;ge;jkhd tplaq;fs;> gjtp ntw;wplk; Nghd;wtw;wpid
ntspg;gLj;jy;.

AGM. SAMEER, IT Instructor

CIMS Campus, Colombo

Page 16