d'UnfgL ;f}uft 4}dfl;s

;+/ Ifs /]lu:tfgdf sd{ l;pFb} ;flxTodf af]Ng rfxfg] dgx?df sndL ;nfd,;dosf]
lai0f' s]=;L= lkmsf{ l6s l6s–l6s l6s ub}{ cg]sg cK7of/fx? l5rf]Nb} cufl8 al9/x]sf] 5 . xfdL
ltn a=a'9fyf]sL Tof] ;donfO{ cfkmgf] ana'tfn] Eofpg] ul/ k5\ofpg] sf]l;;df nflu kl//x]sf 5f} . v}
;Nnfxsf/ s;/L egf} ;don] xfdLnfO{ pl5Gg vf]Hb}5 . a;Gt, aiff{, lu|id, z/b, x]dGt / lzl;/,
lbks kf}8]n
s'df/ sfsL{ au|N] tL ?kwf/0f ub}{ dfG5]nfO{ a'9f] agfpg cft'/ 5g\ oL ofdx? . t/, xfdL eg]
la/]Gb| s'df/ ofSy'ªaf cfkmgf] cfo'nfO{ lgd]if lgd]ifdf 3f6fsf] hf]lvddf df]Nb} Tolx k'/fgf] ;do ;dfP/
k|wfg ;Dkfbs lqmofzLn eP/ cfkm'nfO{ pRRf r]tgfsf] ;DemFFb} x'Fsf/ 5f]8\b} 5f} . ;Kk}df eGg] xf] eg],
;]lnª s];L xfdLx? cfkm\g} d[To'pT;jdf gflr/x]sf 5f}F . xfd|f ljrf/x?, ;f]rx? ;a} gofF 5g\,
;Dkfbs ;dfj]zL 5g\ t/ Jojxf/ gofF eGg' t k'/fgf] eGbf ljNs'n cnu x'g' xf] . oxfF ljrf/n]
Ovfn' /d]z u]nfn dfq kl/jt{g x'g] eP 7'nf–7'nf bfz{lgsx?sf] larf/df pQ]hgfTds k':tssf] 7]nL k9]
;;xx ;;DDkkffbbs
s eO{uof] gL Û d}n] s] ;dfpg vf]h]sf] eg] kf}g] ltgs/f]8 g]kfnLn] gofF s'/f,gofF pTsif{
k|sfz a~hf/f ‘laxfgL vf]h]sf x'g . s]jn cf}krfl/stfsf] nflu dfq vf]h]/ x'g] eP hfkfgdf ef}lts ljsfzn]
jljg æljof]uLÆ r/dljGb' gf3\g ;Sb}g Yof] . ;+rf/dfWod hgtfsf] cfFvf x'g ;a}eGbf klxnf xfdL
Aoa:yfks
wg]Zj/ lh=;L=æe]nÆ snd v]nfpg hfGg]x?n] gofF ljrf/ gofF ;f]r / a}1flgs lrGtgn] hgtfnfO{ ;';'lrt
;xof]uL Aoa:yfks u/fpg' ;Sg[' k5{ . oxfF /fhlgltsld{x?n] gofF s'/fsf] vf]hL u/]sf 5g\ . snd rnfpg]
lrGtfd0fL la=s kqsf/ ;flxTosf/x?n] gofF s'/fsf] vf]hL u/]sf 5g\ . snd rnfpg] kqsf/,
;+sng ;+of]hs ;flxTosf/x?n] gofF n]vgsf] jsfnt u/]sf 5g\ . k/Gt',sfd eg] k'/fg} 9fFRffsf] 5 .
yrf{ nfdf k'/fgf eGg' ljsf;sf] gofFdfu{ xf] . x'jx' k'/fgf]nfO{ aFrfO /fVg] xf] eg], ToxfF gofFsf]
;+sng ;xof]uL gfdf]lg;fgf x'b}g clg s;/L kl/jt{g x'g ;S5 < k'gp { Tyfgjflb r]tsf dfG5]x?nfO{
ly//fh vgfn gofF s'/f l;sfpg' k5{ . h:n] k'/fgf]nfO{ kl/dfh{g ul/ gofF agfpg rfxfG5,Tolx xf]
laz]if k|l tlgwL
rGb| s'df/ yfkf a}1flgs ;f]r . xfd|f] ;dfh lj;+utL lt/ nflu/x]sf] 5 . @! cf}F ztflJbsf ;+3f/df
bf]xf laz]if k|ltlgwL cfkm' k'Ubf;Dd s'';+:sf/sf] bnbndf kml; /x]sf 5f}+ . To;}n] ca x/]s s'/fdf qmflGt
PsnJo /fh ckl/xfo{ eO;s]sf] 5 . rfx] ;fdflhs qmflGt xf];,rfx] a}1flgs,/fhlglts qmflGt xf];\
b]zfGt/ k|ltlgwL jf ;fF:s[lts / ;flxlTos qmflGt xf];\, casf lbgdf o'unfO{ ;+;f/sf] ljsl;t d'n'ssf]
jL/]GhL, ch'{g z]df{, cg'/fwf
k|;fO{ xf/fxf/Ldf pEofpg gofF qmflGt cfhsf] dfu xf] . To;}n] ca xfdL ;flxTodf nfu]sf
-g]kfn_ cfd g]kfnL dgx?n] argn] xf]Og sd{n] gofF o"usf] ?kfGt/0fsf] nflu cf–cfkm\gf]
;'o{laqmd ofSvf -;fpbL_ If]qaf6 gofF ;f]r af]s]/ cufl8 a9\g' k5{ cGoyf r'r] 9'Ëf] plxF 6'Ëf] .
k|l tlgwLx? cfb/l0fo ;flxTog'/fuL ldqx? xfdLx? cfkmgf] 3/ b]zaf6 sf]iff}+ 6f9f k/b]zdf
;Gt tfdfª, lai0f' d/fl;gL,
lab'/ s§]n, lb3{ a'9fyf]sL klg g]kfNfL ;flxTonfO{ hf]ufO /fVg cf–cfkmgf] tx tKsfaf6 h'l6 /x]sf 5f}F . olx
æzf}lvgÆ qmddf d'UnfGfL ;f}uft ;flxlTos ;d;fdlos 4}dfl;s klqsf k|sfzg x'g yfn]sf] klg
dgs'df/ of]ªxfª, lbnLk # aif{ k'Ug nfUof] t/ xfdLn] clTf Jo:t ;dosf] afah''t klg k|sfzgnfO{ lg/Gt/tf
clj/n, v]d e08f/L, 5lj/d0f lbg sf]lz; ul//x]sf 5f}F . k|sfzg x'g] qmddf ;do cefjsf] sf/0f cyjf ;+:yfs}
ltjf/L
gf/L laz]if k|ltlgwL laleGg dxTjk"0f{ sfdx?n] slxn] slxF k|sfzg ljoFfnf] x'g uO/x]sf] 5 . of] dfg]df
;fg' ofSvf, xfdLx? Ifdfk|fly 5f}F . kf7su0fx?df kg{ uPsf] l9nf ;'l:tnfO{ casf] lbgx?df k"/f
;fljqL lu/L ub}{ n}hfg] 5f}F . g]kfnLx?sf] dxfg rf8 a8fbz}F cfO;s]]sf] 5 eg] otf /]lu:tfgdf
snf ;+of]hg g]kfnLx?sf] dgdgdf rf8 kj{x? af;a:g yfn]sf 5g\ . of] a]nf k|To]s k|b]zLx?nfO{
;'/h tfdfª r}g 5}g . cfdfn] o;kfnLsf] bz}Fdf 5f]/fsf] af6f] x]l//x]sL l5g\ . >LdtL, gfgL, 5f]/f,
l8hfO{g/ tyf n]c fp6
cfO cf/hL
5f]/Ln] gfgf kfkfsf] cfzf /fv]sf 5g\ t/ oxfFsf] b'vfGt syf cnu 5 . cem};Dd
ssDDKKoo6" 6" // dxFuf] Aofhdf sf9]sf] shf{ ;fx'nfO{ r'Qmf ug{ ;s]sf] 5}Gf . hDdfdf dxfgrf8
xl/rGb| >]i7,yrf{ nfdf dxfbzfdf kl/0ft x'g' g]kfnLx?sf] kl/l:ylt xf] . of] rf8 g]kfnL ;d'bfosf] /fli6«otf
k|sfzs xf] . o;sf] kf}/fl0fs d"No dfGotf 5 . bz}FnfO{ xfdL cfdg]kfnLx?n] :jfFu] k|j[ltdf
;GWof u|'k cnld:gfb t8s e8ssf ;fy xf]Og ljrf/n], efjgfn] 7'nf] ;lDem cf–cfkm\gf] cf}sftn]
cnvf]/,stf/ . EofpGh]n;Dd dgfpg ;SoFf}+ / cfly{s ?kdf ;r]t x'g ;Sof}+ eg] /fi6«nfO{ kmfObf 5 .
kf]=a=g+ M @@^^^ rf8kj{x?sf] g/fd|f] kIfnfO{ kl5 5f8]/ /fd|f] / j}1flgs ?kdf xfdLn] of] hflt / Tof]
Email : muglanisaugat@yahoo.com
Sandhyagroup05@yahoo.com hfltsf] rf8 gelg rf8kj{x? dgfpg ;Sg' wfld{s ;lxi0f'tfnfO{ pRr /fVg' xf] .
a8fbz}+ tyf bLkfjnLsf] z'e cj;/df ;':jf:Yo lb3f{o', pQ/f]Q/ k|ultsf] sfdgf
cfj/0f lrq cfdg]kfNfLx?nfO{ d'UnfgL ;f}uftsf] tkm{af6 . cGTodf k|sfzgsf] d'6' eg]sf] kf7s tyf
bz}+sf] cj;/df g]kfnLx?sf
3/cfFugdf xflng] lnË] lkªsf] lj1fkgbftf x'g\, xfdL jxfFx?sf] cd'No ;'emfj, ;Nnfx / k|ltlqmofsf] ck]Iff ;Fw}+
Ps emns ul//xG5f} . k"0f{lj/fd .
1

cem} kl/:s[t ug]{ xf] sL <
k|jf;df /x]/ klg g]kfnL efiff, ;flxTosf] pTyfgdf
nflu kl//x]sf] d'UnfgL ;f}uft 4}dfl;snfO{ d]/f]
;fw'jfb . d}n] k|fozM d'UnfgL ;f}uftsf ;a} cª\s
k9\g] df}sf kfPsf] 5' . o;df ;d]l6g] ;fdfu|Lx?sf]
afF8kmfF8 klg /fd|f] g} 5 t/ clwsf+; /rgfx?
tf}ndf sd / s]jn efjfgdf dfq c8LPsf 5g\ .
s] o;nfO{ cem} kl/:s[t u/]/ pTs[i6 ;flxTowf/df
aufpg ;lsGg / <
 czf]s ltjf/L
xfn M ;g}of–#@,stf/ .
pTs[i6 nfUof] ÛÛ
d'UnfgL ;f}uft cª\s * k9\g] df}sf kfPF, v';L
nfUof] . o;leq ;d]l6Psf ;fdfu|Lx?df ;+t'li6 g}
5' . To;df klg laqmd vfF8sf] cfdfnfO{ lr7L /
cl:dtf cefuLsf] s'df/L cfdfnfO{ k/b]zL lblbsf]
lr7L pTs[i6 nfUof] . cfkm\gf] df6f] / cfdfnfO{
;Daf]wg ub}{ jt{dfg /fhg}l ts lvrftfgL, a9\bf]
a]/f]huf/L / cGof]ntfsf] ;]/f]km]/f]df 5tf5'N n
au]sf] n]vssf] snd cfqmf];Lt ;d]t ag]sf] 5
eg] kl/jt{gtsf] pb\3f]if ;d]t u/]sf] 5 . To:t}
s'/s'/] j}+;df u/]sf] cGwf]k|]dsf] k|ltkmn :j?k
s'df/Lcfdf aGg k'u]sL alxgLnfO{ k/b]zaf6 kq
n]v/] ;fdflhs ;+/rgf / k"?ifk|wfg ;dfhsf]
oyf{ttfsf ;fy} xslxt / clwsf/sf lglDt n8\g
tof/ x'g pb\3f]i f ub}{ ;dfhdf a9\bf] of}gljs[tLsf
af/]df dl; vlr{Psf] cl:dtf cefuLsf] n]vgnfO{
wGojfb .
lgzfg zdf{
sf7df08f} .
xfn M bf]xf,stf/ .
d'UnfgL ;f}uft 4}dfl;s
;nfd d'UnfgL ;f}uftnfO{
/]lu:tfgsf] ;'Gb/ km"n d'UnfgL ;f}uft d}n ]
g]kfnsf] s'g} s'gfdf XjLn lro/df a;L
a;L x]g{ kfPF, v';L nfUof] . laz]if o;sf]
;Dkfbg kIfnfO{ ;nfd ug}{ k5{ . o;
leqsf] ;fª\uf] kfª\uf]x?n] ;a}sf] dg 5f]Ps}
5 . t/, g]kfnsf ;flxTo ;|i6fx?nfO{
cln sd ;d]6LPsf] xf] sL d 7fGb5' .
;fg' 3fon ;+3if{
d}bL–(,s'“b'jf6f/
wfbLª .
3/ a;L k/b]z b]Vg kfP“
d'UnfgL ;f}uft lgoldt k9\g kfpg' v';Lsf] s'/f
xf] . xfdLn] 3/ a;L a;L k/b]z b]Vg kfpg'
xh'/x?sf] c;n nug xf] . klqsf cToGt}
laszLt ePsf] kfOof] . se/ / l8hfOg t emg
pRrsf]6Lsf]df k'us
] f] 5 . b'Mv olt xf] of] klqsf
lglZrt ;dodf k9\g kfOb}g . klqsfsf] pHjn
eljiosf] z'e]R5f 5 ;fy} o;}kqsf ;fy d}n]
Pp6f /rgf k7fPsL 5' . :yfg lbg'xg' 5 ] eGg]
cfzf /fv]sL 5' .
 zf]ef ;+ju ] du/
a]njf/L –*, df]/ª .
kf7sju{df cg'/f]w
olb tkfO{x?n] kqrf/ dfkm{t cfkm\gf
n]v /rgfx? xfdLnfO{ k|]lift ubf{
;Dej eP;Dd A4 ;fOhsf] kGgfdf
Psfk§L dfq n]v]/ k7fpg' xf]nf .
tkfO{x?Sf] /rgfsf] ;fy} ;Nnfx,
;'emfj tyf ;xof]usf] xfdL ;b}j
ck]Iff ub{5f} .
d'UnfgL ;f}uft kl/jf/ . 2
 d'UnfgL ;f}uft 4}dfl;s
syf
;fNuLsf] anfTs[t cf“z'
Kffl/hft
sfgk'/sf] Pp6f slxNo} 3fd gl5g]{ ,oxfFaf6 g]kfn pQ/kl§ k5{ . l;Gw'k fNrf]sdf klg
sf]7fdf,k"jL{ em\ofnaf6 laxfgL x'gs ' f] cfef; oltv]/ 3fd nflu;Sof] xf]nf . oxfF 3fd b]Vg}
la:tf/} leq k:5 . WjfF;] pHofnf]df b]lvG5, Pp6L kfOFb}g, Ps jif{ eof] 3fd b]Vg gkfPsf],
t?0fLsf] c:tJo:t nfz h:tf] z/L/ sf]7fsf] P===gL===n} n} oltv]/ sfGnfg]/sf] b'lwnf]sf] ?vsf]
s'gfdf /flvPsf] vf6dfly klN6Psf] 5 . nfh kft 3fddf 6lNs/x]sf] xf]nf . ca dfnL ufO{sf]
pbf+luPsf] p;sf] z/L/nfO{ x]bf{ o:tf] nfU5 dfgf}+ afR5L cf==afF u/]/ s/fpF5] . cfaf æDxfg] k]d]Æ
of}g ef]sf k'?ifx?n] p;nfO{ /ftel/df bzf}k+ N6 l;WofP/ cl3 g} 8fF8fsf] 3\of+ult/ nflu;s]
anfTsf/ u/]/ kmflnlbPsf 5g\ . sf]7fdf 7/f{sf] xf]nfg\ . cfdf ?Fb} ufO{nfO{ 3fF; xfNb} xf]nL / eGb}
xn'sf uGw ?dlNn/x]sf] 5 . cf]5\ofgel/ a]nLsf] xf]nL dg dgdf a'9];sfnsf] 6]sf] Tof] ;fNuL sxfF
km"n lslRrP/ ldlRrP/ 5l/Psf uOxf]nL, dl/;sL ls afFrs ] L
5g\, lgd{d xTs]nfx? xf]nL, s'g kfkLn] eufof]
lgdf]7\b} kmflnlbP xf]nf To;nfO{,
h:tf], l7s Tof] ‘nfh t ;of} k
+ N6 pu|fP/ ;of} k
+ N6 To;nfO{ gh/
t?gLsf] Ho'Fbf] klr;s]sf] 5 . To;}n] nfh dl/;s]sf] 5 nfpg] y'k|}
nfz h:t} . p;sf] dfg;df . z/L/;Fu nfhsf] ca s'g} lyP, kms]{/
Ps ;fOgf] 5}g . 5]pdf /flvPsf] P]gf l6k]/ cfpnL ls
l5gkl5 gcfpnL .
crfgs cfkm\ gf] cg' x f/ x] 5 ,
{
] lgs} jLeT; eP5 eL/af6
t;]{/ pm lxnf] kfgLn] r' 6 s
] f] kf] i6/ h:tf] . cf]7
+ af6 v;]/ st}
Ao"FemG5] / efu]/ lnlkl:6s RoF"8f], uw{g htf;'s} k'u]5, d/L kf]
;f]R5] …l5Ú ufnfsf] nfnL a]kQf, ufhn cfFvfaf6 au]/ /fv]sL 5 ls
===slt g/fd|f] ufnfel/ kf]ltP5 .’ egL nf7]x?
;kgf b]lv5', nufP/ kx/fx'Fbf]
n'd|Lem'd|L ePsL d]/L vf]h] xf]nfg\, dnfO{
cfdf t xl/of] 6k/Ldf eft klg, kf]xf]/ ;'GtnL x/fpFbf
vfO/x]sL .Æ cfFvfdf srlN6Psf] lgGb|f vf]h] h:t} . ;'GtnL klg t kms]{/ cfOg,
laemfO/x]sf] 5, ;f/f z/L/ b'lv/x]sf] 5 . t}klg nfz klg kfPg . æP ;fNuL df]/L oltv]/;Dd
la:tf/} p7]/ pm em\ofnsf] pHofnf];Dd cfpF5] ;'lta:5];\, clN5gL, xfdL t a}+;df olt a]nf;Dd
ToxL c:tJo:t cj:yfdf . nfh t ;of}+kN6 tLg ef/L 3fF; cf];fl/;SYof},+ vfgsf sfn .Æ
pu|fP/ ;of}+kN6 klr;s]sf] 5 . To;}n] nfh hGdFb} d]/f] skfn nfdf] nfdf] lyof] /] /
dl/;s]sf] 5 p;sf] dfg;df . z/L/;Fu nfhsf] d]/L cfdfn] dnfO{ ;fNuL eg]/ gfpF /flvlbPsf]
ca s'g} ;fOgf] 5}g . 5]pdf /flvPsf] P]gf l6k]/ d]/f] of] aflaof]sf] s'rf] h:tf] nfdf] skfn b]v]/
cfkm\gf] cg'xf/ x]5]{, lgs} jLeT; eP5 lxnf] bf}+t/Lx? dnfO{ luHofpg] uy]{, dg æk/]sf];Fu
kfgLn] r'6]sf] kf]i6/ h:tf] . cf]+7af6 efu]/ kf]On hfg gkfP of] ;fgLnfO{ cfkm\g} skfnn]
lnlkl:6s RoF8" f], uw{g htf;'s} k'u]5, ufnfsf] kf;f] xfn]/ dg{ leofpF5 .Æ ca d]/L cfdfn]
nfnL a]kQf, ufhn cfFvfaf6 au]/ ufnfel/ ds}sf] hFf8df lkms]{ nfufpF5] . nZs/L afv|Ln]
kf]ltP5 . slt vf]hL xf]nL dnfO{, Aofpg] lyO{ lar/L .
lj/lSt;fy P]gf em6\sf/]/ kmfln;s]kl5 pm ;f]Rbf–;f]Rb} p;sf af;L cfFv fx?af6 tktk cfFz '
km]l/ em6\sf/]/ kmfln;s]kl5 pm km]l/ ‰ofnaf6 r'x'gyfN5 . k]l6sf]6sf] 3]/f]n] pm cfkmgf cfFvf
l5/]/ WjfF;] pHofnf]nfO{ cfTd;ft ub}{ ;f]Rg yfN5] k':5] .
3
 d'UnfgL ;f}uft 4}dfl;s
sf]7f aflx/ Pp6L k|f9} fsf] ss{z :j/ 5f]/f;Fu /Lt s] vfg] < gvfg]===. cfkmg} dfdfsf]
u'~hg yfn]sf] 5, ænf}+l8of] p7f], lstgL b]/ ts 3/df 5f]/L ;'vdf a:5] . cfdf o;} eGyL t/ s'/f]
;f]t] /x]t] x}+ of] nf]u . gxfcf], wf]cf], gfZtf s/f], l5lg;s]sf] lyPg, lax] ul/lbgnfO{ clnslt k};f
lbg e/ k8] /xf]=====Ú t rflxG5 .
ev{/ ;kgfdf cfkm\gL cfdfnfO{ b]vs ] L Tolt g} v]/ dfl:t/af6 ;';]Nb} Njf+u] 3tL{
;fNuLsf] dg l;Gw'kfNrf]ssf] 8fF8f ufpFaf6 em/]sf] lyof] / xfF:b} p;nfO{ Pp6f km]6fjfn r'/f]6
kmls{g dfGb}g . cfFz' k'5\b} pm dgdgdf lbPsf] lyof] . r'/f]6 ;NsfOlbFb} Njf+u] 3tL{n] eg]sf]
bf]x¥ofpF5], d]/L cfdf /ftel/ nf]Ug] dfG5]x?sf] lyof] . æSof xf]O{ ;fNuL, g]kfn 3'Dg hfg] xf]Og <Æ
;f; uGxfpg] of] sf]7fdf Psl5g klg a:g dg æhfÌF, Tof] PskN6 x]/]s} 7fpF t xf] lgÆ
nfUb}g, efu]/ cfpF t s;/L cfpF . of] lj/fgf] p;n] gfs r]k|fOlbPsL lyO{ . Njf+u]n] km]l/ eg]sf]
d'ns ' df d]/f] 9f]sf aflx/sf] ;8s klg d]/f] nflu lyof], tF uPsf] h:tf] xf] / clxn]sf] g]kfn . s:tf]
clrgf? 5 . Njf+u] 3tL{n] g]kfndf lxF8\, un}+rf eO;s]sf] 5 ufF7], t/ d}n] tFnfO{ 3'Dg dfq hfg]
a'Gg] sf/vfgfdf sfd nufOlbG5', y'k|} k};f eg]sf] xf]Og lg, k};f sdfpg kf] eg]sf] t .Æ
sdfpF5; ] \ elg eufP/ NofPsf], of] To;kl5 lh1f;fn]
s'g gs{df NofP/ 5f]l8lbof] el/P/ p;n] ;f]w]sL
Njf+u] kfkLn] dnfO{ of] lyO{, æk===
xf]6n xf], oxfF a:b} ‘j] Zofnoleqsf] lbg slt Ps/; slt k};f===<Æ p;sf]
u/ d Ps} l5gdf gL/;, slt phf8, c;+ V o Joyf, cfFz ,
' lh1f;fnfO{
cfpF5' egL ljjztf / dgsf] wf]sf]x?n] crfgf] kf/]sf] Njf+u]n]
uPsf] Njf+u] Ps kvf{n e/]ª\ / dem]/Lx? lnP/ Pp6f o;/L
jif{ eO;Sof] o:tf] sf/fjf; ag]sf] x'Fbf] xf] hxfF c;+Vo
kms]/{ cfPg . d kljq cfTdfx?n] lagf ck/fw cfhLjg
ltd|f] cg'xf/ sf/fjf;sf] ;hfo kfpF5g\, hxfF k|i6fOlbPsf]
slxn] x]g{ kfpFnf lg/k/fwx?n] ;w}+ dfgl;s / zf/Ll/s lyof], æx]/
d]/L cfdf . d}nf] ;fNuL, clxn]
k]l6sf]6n] cfFz' k'5b} pm oGq0ff Psgf; ef]
l u/x] s f x'
G 5g\ .’ g]kfndf un}+rf a'Ì ]
3F's3F's ?G5] . sf/vfgf y'k|} v'n]sf] 5 .
ca sf]7fdf lkmSsf pHofnf] t}+n] eg]sf] 7fpFdf d nufOlbG5'
5l/G5 . stf–stf l\/S;f / df]6/sf] xg{ ah]sf] . klxnf] dlxgfb]lv g} rf/ ;o ?lkofF lbG5' eg]sf]
;'lgG5 . ;/bfgL{sf] sf]7faf6 ehg;Fu} tdfv'sf] 5, sd xf] rf/ ;o ?lkofF eg]sf] Û s] ljrf/ 5,
jf; aflxl/b}5 . ;fNuLnfO{ s]xL ug{ dg nfUb}g, hfG5];\ <Æ
cfdf lj/fdL kf] kl/g\ ls g, cfjfnfO{ s]xL kf] dxLgfsf] rf/ ;o ?lkofF sdfpg] s'/f
eof] ls< a;, olt ;f]R5], ?G5] . x'Fbf–x'Fbf pm ;'Gbf p;sf] cfFvf lj:kmfl/t ePsf] lyof] /
‰ofn cl3sf] e'OFdf ndtGg k/]/ k:qG5] . jif{ ;f]r]sL lyO{, oltsf k};f NofP/ cfdf afafnfO{
lbgcl3sf] ljutsf] Ps kfgf kn{s klN6G5 . lbg kfP t========To;kl5 pm af]n]sL lyO{
nZs/L afv|L r/fpg uPsL lyO{ pm, dfdf æcfdf–cfjfn] lbFbg} g\ .Æ
3/af6 k]jf lbPsf] afv|L . bz}+tfssf] /dfOnf] 3fd Æ;f]w]/ x]/ g PskN6, lbPg eg] lxF8\g
nflu/x]sf] lyof] . 3fd / ‰ofpFls/Lsf] cfjfhdf ;'6's}Æ Njf+u]n] ;Nnfx lbPsf] lyof] .
bz+}sf] jf; rNg yfln;s]sf] lyof] . cK7Øf/f] cfdf–cfjf 5f]8/] hfgknf{ egL p;sf] d'6'
8Lndf pd|]sf] P]+;]n'sf] km]bdf nZs/L rl//x]sL PskN6 lrd6]sf] h:tf] eof] . p;n] eg]sL
lyO{ . To;}sf] clns k/ a;]/ ;fNuL kf]N6f]af6 lyO{,æcfdf–cfjf /f]P/ dnf{g\ <Æ
ds} e6df; lemSb} vfFb} lyO{ . p;sf] efjgf vKkL; Njf+u] 3tL{n] p;nfO{ clGtdkN6 kmsfPsf]
cs}{lt/ alu/x]sf] lyof] . p;nfO{ dfUg cfpg] y'k|} lyof], æg]kfndf un}+rf sf/vfgfdf sfd ug{ uPsL
eO;s]sf lyP tyflk p;sf cfjf cfdfn] p;nfO{ 5 egL xNnf lkmhfO{ /flvlbpFnf lg . clg t Ps–
p;s} dfdfsf] 5f]/f];Fu lbg] to u/] . vfOjf nfdf b'O{ lbgkl5 vf]Hb} sf/vfgfdf g} cfOk'luxfN5g\
xf], yfGsf /fd|f] n]V5, k};f sdfpF5, bfh'–efOsf] lg, bz}+ dgfO xfn g .Æ
4

bz}+ l;l4P/ ltxf/ cfpgcl3 Njf+u] 3tL{n]
Pslbg ;fNuLnfO{ efn]sf] 8fs}df 8fF8f s6fOlbof]
. To;kl5 ;fNuL slxNo} g]kfn k'lug . nZs/L
afv|L sfg} k]===========u/]/ s/fPsf] h:tf] nfUof]
p;nfO{ . p;sf af;L cfFvfaf6 km]l/ cfFzs ' f]
cf]O/f] au]/ cfof] .
;kgfdf cfdf b]vs ] L eP/ cfh p;nfO{
k6s} p7\g dg nfu]sf] 5}g, vfg dg klg 5}g .
pm 3/L3/L Njf+u] 3tL{nfO{ cfkm\g} dgsf] xltof/n]
6'qmf–6'qmsf sf6b}, IftljIft kfb}{ al;/xG5] .
o;/L p;sf] cfqmf]; k6Ss} zfGt x'Fb}g . p;nfO{
ToxL ‰ofnaf6 xfd kmfNg dg nfU5, t/ ;lSbg .
;f; 5pHh]n cfz x'G5, ;f]R5], st} Ps lbg
oxfFaf6 efUg ;lsPnf ls Û efUosf] s'/f] sf]
eÌ;S5 .
j]Zofnoleqsf] lbg slt Ps/; slt
gL/;, slt phf8, c;+Vo Joyf, cfFz', ljjztf /
dgsf] wf]sf]x?n] crfgf] kf/]sf] kvf{n e/]ª\ /
dem]/Lx? lnP/ Pp6f o:tf] sf/fjf; ag]sf] x'Fbf]
xf] hxfF c;+Vo kljq cfTdfx?n] lagf ck/fw
cfhLjg sf/fjf;sf] ;hfo kfpF5g\, hxfF
lg/k/fwx?n] ;w}+ dfgl;s / zf/Ll/s oGq0ff
Psgf; ef]lu/x]sf x'G5g\ . ;fNuL h:t}x ?sf]
sf}dfo{sf] /utn] l;+ufl/Psf sf]7fx?df 3f]/
lj;+ut If0fx? xfO{ sf9\b} afFRbf x'g\ . tL kljq
cfTdfx? l;lkmln;, lt/:sf/, d"NoxLg d[To' /
a]jfl/; nfz eP/ hLjgsf] 6'Ëf] nufpg kg]{ .
;/bfgL{ / bnfnx? ;w}+ elg/x+bf x'g\, æcflv/
Sof km/s x} t'd nf]uf]+ sf hLjg afx/ cf}/ eLt/
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;fNuLnfO{ p7\g], g'xfpg], vfg] s]xL klg
ug]{ hfFu/ rNb}g . To;} klg hLjg k|ltsf] lh1f;f
gfpFsf] efjgf a]Zofno leq x'Fb}g . hlt ;'s}
g'xfP klg wf]P klg oxfFsf] kmf]x/L jftfj/0f km]l/g]
xf]Og Sof/, dgsf] kljqtf s;n] b]vf];\ . lbg
el/ cfn:onfO{ otf kmsf{p, ptf nsf{p, csf]{
s'g} O{nd t 5}g . 3f]/ lj;+ultsf] cg'e'lt
x'gyfN5 ;fNuLnfO{, t/ p kl/efiff ug{ hflGbg .
d'UnfgL ;f}uft 4}dfl;s
p;sf] z/L/af6 cem klg nf]Ug] dfG5]sf] b'uG{ w
x/fO;s]sf] 5}g, p;n] l;Gw'kfNrf]saf6 lnP/
cfPsf] cfkm\gf] df}l ns ;'uGw stf x/fof] s'lÌ <
;fFem k5{, e2f d]s ckdf ;lhP/ lg:sg k5{
‰ofnlt/ cZnLn ;fptL ug{nfO{ . ;:tf] k|z fwg
/ a]nL–rd]nLsf] rsf]{ jf;gfn] 6fpsf] km'6\nf
h:tf] x'G5, km]l/ To;dfly ylkG5 lkP/ cfpg]x?
/S;Lsf] uGw . ;:tf] cu/aQLsf] w"jfF, jf;gf pkm\
. a]Zofno xf] of], oxfF of] eGbf a]Un} s]xL x'Fb}g .
;fNuL km]l/ ;f]rfOdf aUg yfN5] . 7Ls
oltv]/ ;]nf] xfNb} hfFtf]df ds} lkFlw/x]sL x'G5] pm
. cfjfsf] pxL, æDxfg] k]dÆ] slt zflGt lbG5
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3/el/ u'l~h/x]sf] cf]+ Dxfg] k]d] . t/ oxfF, oxfF t
AjfF;f], xflK;nf] h:tf] nf]Ug] dfG5]x? 3/df
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. clg s/fpg yfN5g\ .æ jf] jf] g]kflng rflxo] .Æ
slxn] l5g\–l5gdf km]l/G5g\, slxn] /ft el/nfO{
l/he{ .. l5 ÛÛ slt l3gnfUbf x'G5g\ oL
nf]Ug]dfG5]x ? .
o;/L ;fNuLsf] ysfg / ljjztf ef/tLo
d'bf| ;Fu ;fl6P/ ;/bf{gLsf] k;{el/ el/b}5 . Pp6f
ef/tLo nf]Ug]dfG5]n] r/d ;'v k|fKt ul//x]sf]
a]nf ;fNuLsf] dgdf ljb|fx] sf] efjgf hfUgyfN5 .
æ6f9fsf] b]ptfeGbf ufpFsf] e"t sfd nfU5 eGy]
t/ k};f lt/]/ n'6\g] oL AjfF;fx? eGbf Tof] Njf+u]
3tL{ 8/nfUbf] xf], Tof] ufpFsf] e"t .d]/f] klg e"t .Æ
Tof] ef/tLo nf]Ug]dfG5] p7]/ uO;Sbf
;fNuLsf] ljb|f]x cfFz' eP/ kUng yfN5, æs] s;}n]
klg Njf+u] 3tL{ / d ufpFaf6 ;Fu} x/fPsf] yfxf
kfPg < s] s;}n] klg Njf+u] 3tL{nfO{ Ps jrg
;f]w]g < s] NjfFu] 3tL{nfO{ ufpFn]x? ca slxNo}
lrGb}gg\ < lsg < Njf+u] 3tL{n] kfksf] kmn lsg
ef]Ub}g < lsg Njf+u] 3tL{nfO{ s;}n] v's'/Ln]
5kSs sf6]/ b'O 6'qmf agfO lbFb}g <Æ
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5

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ltd|f] dfof w]/}–w]/} ljutsf] ememNsf]n]
cfFvfel/ cfFz' cfh, cf]7 el/ xfF;f] nfUof]
cWofF/f]sf] jofg lbof} h"g jlg em'NsLlbFbf
w]/} cf/f]k k|Tof/f]k, pN6f] dnfO{ bf;f] nfUof]
s:tf] dfof lbof} s'lGg 3[0ff alGf km}ng]
hGd–hGd rf]6 /xL 3fF6L el/ kf;f] nfUof]
km'Nb}5f} /] a;Gtdf kNknfpFb} d'gf;Fu}
dg;'gsf] xfjf aGg] >ldssf] cfzf] nfUof]
ljhovs{ —! dfnf, vf]6fË
xfn M bf]xf,stf/ .

d/]klg cfkm\g} df6f]df dg'{ k5{

laGtL Û k/fO{el" ddf nf; aGg' x'Gg ..
dg ef] a]r}g
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xfn M cnvf]/,stf/ . aiff{sf] afbn 5}g
dgsf] efj 5}g
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lk|o;Lsf] Gofgf] aGwg, 5'6fOlbof] k};fn] . To;}n] dg ef] a]r}g
efO{sf] bfO{ 5}g
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l;;f ;/L /x/x?, km'6fOlbof] k};fn] . /utsf] ;fOgf] 5}g
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;fu / l;:g' vfPklg, zflGt g} lyof] g]kfndf ;Gb];sf] a'4 5}g
ljb]z cfpFbf v'l;x?, n'6fOlbof] k};fn] . zflGtsf] /ª\u 5}g
g]kfnsf] efj 5}g
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hggLsf] c6'6 gftf, 6'6fOlbof] k};fn] .
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lk|o;Lsf] Gofgf] aGwg, 5'6fOlbof] k};fn] . b'MvLsf] lbg 5}g
s;}sf] oxfF OHht 5}g ..
kf]v/f
/fh3f6–(, df]/ª xfn Mcnvf]/,stf/
xfnM bf]xf, stf/ . E-mail:bhoj_kc2006@yahoo.com
6
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sfKg] ul/ lr;f] xfjf rn]sf] 5 . oxL lr;f] xfjfn] vfPsf] ;FDemb}F lj:tf/} lrofsf] sk p7fpF5' .
ubf{ Tof] lat]sf] clttnfO{ em:sfOlbg] u5{ . clg Ps ;'?Kf nufpF5' plg ljgf st} lrlg gk'u]
Psl5gsf] km';b{ kfpFbf xtf/–xtf/ snd / 8fo/L h:tf] lkmsf nfU5 . PSn} kfun h:t} x'G5' .
;dfpg k'U5' . clttnfO{ ;lDem lgbfPF . sfkLsf stf–stf s] e'n] h:tf] nfU5 . clg 8fo/L
kfgfx?df sndn] sf]g{ yfN5' . Hofg} hfnf h:tf] kN6fpg yfN5' . pgsf] Tof] k'/fgf] k|]dkq
hf8f]n] z/L/ sfkFL /xG5 . d'6' km'6f}nf h:t} 9's 9's e]l6G5 . efjgfTds k|]dkqdf n]lvPsf dfofn['
rln/xG5 . snd xftaf6 n/j/fpg yfN5 . o:tf] zJbx? k9\5' . olta]nf;Dd /ftsf] afx| alh
nfU5, of] cltt geP/ at{dfg xf] . hxfF xfdL;Fu} 5f}F ;s]5 . cfvfFx?klg yfls ;s]5g\ . sf]xL ldng
. Ps csf{ k|lt cfkm\gf] efjgfx? kf]Vb} dfofdf clttdf ablnbf] /x]5 . To;}n] s7\ofª\lu|g ]
ljlng eO/x]sf 5f}F . hxfF PSn} PsfGtk|]dL eO{ s'g} hf8f] xf];\ of r}t a};fvsf] v8]/Ldf klg cltt
sljn] sf]g{] sljtf em}F cfkm\g} cltt k|d ] sf kfgfx? sf]gs{ f] nflu snd n/v/fpFb} 8fo/Lsf] kfgfdf
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cufl8 a9\g] k|of; u5'{ . plg, km"nsf] au}Frfdf s]jn clttnfO{ ;Demb} 8fo/L aGb u5'{ .
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htftt} km}lnPsf] lyof] . Tolx af;gf;Fu} xfd|f] xfn M bf]xf stf/
ldng x'G5 . a'6jn km'naf/Lsf] e|d0fdf hfFbf pgn] ;fy gvf]h ltdL
lbPsf] pmlg wfufsf] 6f]kL ;DemG5' . ;fob Tolx a]nf
klg hf8f]sf] df};d lyof] xf]nf . To;}n] t cfkm\g }
xftn] a'g]sf] ;Demgfsf] nflu eGb} lbPsL lyOg . . ;fg' ofVvf
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sfvdf n's/] a:g kfpFbf krf; l8u|Lsf] 3fdsf] tfk s'g v';L g} 5 / d;Fu
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c+ux?df ha d]/f lgbf]i{ f xft la:tf/} ;Njnfpg yfNy] cfkm} 5' wtL{sf] w'nf]
plg nfhn] cg'xf/ /ftf] kf/L e't'Ss} x'lGyg . olt ltdL cfsfzsf] h"g /f]H5f}
a]nf ;f/} /fd|L b]lvlGyg . pgsf] Tof] d[ugogL lzQn slxNo} x'Fb}g ;fob
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lxdfn h:tf ;]tf bfFt b]vfO d':s'/fO lbFbf ;+;f/ hxfF xl/ofnL 5}g
d':s'/fP h:tf] nfUYof] . clttnfO{ sf]bf{ sf]b}{ v} sxfF ToxfF s'g km"nsf] au}rf /f]H5f}
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ePg . clttnfO{ c+ufNb} a6['jf eO{ lx8\bf w]/} sl7g ToxfF gfd g} d]l6Psf] 5
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lt k+lIfx? cfkm}n] To; au}rfdf af]6la?jfx? pTktL ePsf] 5 . oBkL k+lIfx?df v';L 5}g
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ld7f] kmn kmN5 . ef]lnsf lbgdf xfdL, xfd|f] pd|Gb}g t/ gld7f] lttf] uGxfpg] kmnsf]
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af]6la?jfnfO{ w]/} d]xgt / dnhn ul/ x'sf{P . xl/of] eO{ kNkljt eO{ cfpF5 . s:tf] crDd af ÛÛ
k+lIfx?sf] d]xgt / nufgL u/] cg';f/ lt d=g–(,;fnaGbL, ;'g;/L
af]6la?jfx? klg nxnx eO{ x'ls{P . ;a} k+lIfx? xfn M cnvf]/,stf/ .
v';L eO{ gfFRg yfn], xif{ dgfP,pT;j u/]],ca kmn E-mail,barailimohan@yahoo.com
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km"m km'Ng yfn] b]lvg} au}rfdf gld7f] uGw cfpg ?jfP/
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lyof] st} kmn klg o:t} uGxfpg] t x}g elg . w/fg kmRrf cfPsL lyO{
t/klg ;fob kmn t ld7f] g} kmN5 xf]nf elg vf]O s;/L xf] s'lGg
dnhn 5]sjf/ ul/ g} /x] t/ kmn ha kmNof] w/fg vfO{ ;s]/
k+lIfx?sf] cfzf / laZjf; ;a} t'lxof] . kmn emg} km]/L
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w]/} k+lIfx? la/fdL eO{ d/] . of] ;fn o:t} eof] of t
csf]{ ;fn /fd|f] kmN5 eGg] ;f]rn] km]l/klg sf7df08f}n] ltgLnfO{ lgNg] xf] <
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To:t} g} kmn kmNof] . km]l/ csf]{ ;fn kmn /fd|f] cfkm\gf] j+z
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uGxfpg] kmn dfq kmNof] . Pslbg ;a} k+lIf ldn]/ dfOlt3/ kms{g] xf]
lt af]6la?jfx?g} pvfn]/ kmflnlbP . csf]{ gofF k|ltIffdf cfvfF laR5fPsf] 5'
la?jf /f]k] . Tof] la?jf klg x'ls{of],km"n v]Nof], lsgsL
kmn kmNof] t/ klxn]sf] eGbf km/s x'g ;s]g . oyfy{sf] P]gfdf
Tof] klg uGxfpg] / lttf] g} eof] . gx'g' eGbf cfkmgf] eGbf
sfgf] /fd|f] elg k+lIfx?n] lrQ a'emfP/ a;] . t/, c?sf] cg'xf/ x]g'{
Pslbg lt af]6la?jfx?nfO{ klg zlQmzfnL xflQ ;a}nfO{ dHhf x'G5
cfO{ ;a} efFrLs'rL kfl/lbof] . au}rf phf8 eof] . t;y{
k+lIfx? cfkm\gf] k'k'{/f] ;dftL ;f]Rg yfn] . cfkm\gf] dnfO klg Tof] dHhfsf] :jfb
d]xgt nufgL, tk:of, Tofu, alnbfg ;a} v]/ a]:;/L rfVg dg 5 c3fpGh]n .
uof] . s]lx sfd nfu]g eGg] ;f]Rb} 6fpsf] b'vfpg  ;];]dL ;]/]Ë gfNjf]
yfn] . t/, k5'tfpg' afx]s csf]{ pkfo lyPg . n'Ëfaf6
11
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ebf}df vx/]n] klg cf}sft b]vfpF5, uhn
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7"nf 7"nf cfjfhn],
dflQPsf] en ag]/ .
zx/sf ;a} uGw] gfnL ldn]/,  k|sfz a~hf/f ljxfgL
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cfkm\gf] ?k b]vfpF5 . ;]s]08 ldg]6 u/]/ kmfNb}5' lhGbuLnfO{
5]p5fpsf ;'s'Daf;L 6f]nx?,
eTsfpg] k|of; u5{ . dxndf l;ldt s7f]/ dgnfO{ s] yfxf
lgl/x hgfj/ aufpb},pGd'Q m aG5 . 6fnf vf]hL vf]hLsg 6fNb}5' lhGbuLnfO{
o:t} vx/] lyof] hxfg aRrf ;fFe m laxfg r'Nxf] afNg xh'/
xfd|f] w/fgdf klg, kg]{ eGbf al9 ef/ 8fNb}5' lhGbuLnfO{
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cx+sf/Lsf] cx+sf/ x]g{ .
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cf]xf] Û dlxdf of] vx/]sf] b]zs} nflu ePklg kfNb}5' lhGbuLnfO{ ..
ufnfdf xft /fv]/ x]5'{ s]lx l5g, ;fpg]rp/—(, vf]6fª .
t/ ha, xfn bf]xf stf/
kfgL kg{ aGb x'G5 . Email: patrakarbhai@yahoo.com
d]/f] sk8f ;'S5 .

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12
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g]kfn b]lv stf/;Dd
;flaqL lu/L
kf]v/f 3/ ePklg rf/aif{ cufl8 clg dWod jlu{o kl/jf/nfO{ lhpgsf] nflu
lhGbuLsf] e]nn] x'TofP/ sf7df08f} k'¥of{Psf] lyof] c;'ljwf x'g]u/L g]kfndf a9\b} uPsf] a]/f]huf/L,
dnfO{ . d]/f kfOnfx? psfnf]af6 cf]/fnf]df nfUb} 4Gb, aGb, x8\tfn To:t} rf8kj{, ljjfx, a|taGw,
lyP t/ klg lhGbuLsf] x/]s df]8df cfOkg]{ b'Mv kf:gL, k"hfcfhf, ef]h –eQ]/ cflbdf klg unt
;'v xfF;f] v':fL tyf ljWgafwfaf6 larlnt lyOg tl/sfn] / ePklg gePklg ;dfhsf] cufl8
d . lyof] t x/]sf laWg afwf;Fu 86]/ n8\g] hf]; b]vfpg} kg]{ kmf];|f] cf8Dj/tf h:Tff la;+utLn]
hfFu/ clg pT;fx . df5f lgb{oL hfndf / r/f r';]sf] ca:yf b]lv jfSs nfu]/ lja; eO{ Ps aif{
kf;f]df k/] em}F dflg;x? klg ;f]Rb} g;f]r]sf] cufl8 x'lQPsf lyP d]/f sbd stf/;Dd .
b'/b;fdf k5{g eg] yfxf gePsf] klg xf]Og . h] ;f]r]eGbf km/s kfPF d}n] oxfF sDklgsf] sfd ug{
h:tf] kl/lZytLsf] ;fdfgf ub}{ ePklg ;F3if{ ub}{ cfpg k"?ifnfO{ eGbf dlxnfnfO{ sfd tna ;'/Iff
lyPF d ;do;Fu} . sf7df08f}sf] a;fO{, lzlIfsfsf] ;a} b[li6sf]0fn] /fd|f] nfUof] dnfO{ . tyfkL vf8L
k]zf h;f]t;f] hLjg u'hf/f rNb} g} lyof] . t/ v} d'ns ' df dlxnf sfdbf/x? laleGg k|sf/sf ;d:of
Û PSsf;L ;dosf] kf;f klN6of] . d Tof] tyf lk8faf6 zf]ifLt gePsf eg] kSs} xf]Ogg\ .
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Oi6ldqx?sf] cflTdotf ;a} 5f]8/] PsfPs k|jf;L b'tfjf;df z/0f lng k'us ] f lk8Lt dlxnfx? o;sf
aGg k'u] . kl/lZytL / k|ToIf pbfx/0f x'g\ .
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w ul/Psf] sfdbf/sf] ?kdf
hLjg ;don] k|jf;L eP klg :jb]zsf] af6f] 5f8]/ l5d]sL dlxnfx?sf lglDt
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lbof] . ;f;', ;;'/f, lelqPsf dlxnfx?sf] cj:yfnfO{ eg] af6f] 5f8]/ l5d]sL
r'Nxf]rf}sf], ckjfbsf] ?kdf lng} k5{ . k|
f ozM d'n'ssf] af6f] x'Fb}
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olx gf/Lsf] hLjg xf] / To;/L lelqg] dlxnfx? g} kqklqsfdf lelqPsf dlxnfx?sf]
gf/Lsf ;Dk"0f{ v';L lk8Lt / zf]lift ePsf] ;dfrf/ aGg] cj:yfnfO{ eg]
o;}df kf]sf] kfg'{k5{ ckjfbsf] ?kdf lng}
eGg] larf/x?;Fu
u/]sf 5g\ .’ k5{ . k|fozM To;/L
;xdt lyOg d . lyof] t s]xL ug]{ rfxfgf lelqg] dlxnfx? g} kqklqsfdf ;dfrf/ aGg] u/]sf
:jfjnlDa aGGf] c7f]6 . ;fob olx s'/fn] klg 5g\ .
dnfO{ oxfF;Dd cfO{kU' gdf ;xof]u u/]sf] x'g'k5{ . Ps;o lt; hgf lblb alxgL;Fu Pp6}
hxfF uPklg cfkm' l7s x'g'k5{ s]lx km/s kb}{g sDklg / stf/ o'lgel;{l6sf] sfd clg Pp6} SofDk
eGg] cfTdflj:jf;n] h/f ufl8;s]sf] lyof] d]/f] tyf 5fgf d'lg a;]/ lblb alxgLsf] ;d:ofdf
dgdf . Psrf]l6 kl/jf/s} ;xdltdf xËsË xft]dfnf] ug]{ cj;/ kfPsf] lyPF . v';L lyof}F
h:tf] 7fpFdf sfd u/]s ] f] cg'ej lyof] d;Fu . clg ;a}hgf . x'gt cfkm\gf] kl/jf/ afnaRrf 5f]8/]
;+;f/ sxfF k'uL;s]sf] /x]5 / xfdL slt k5fl8 cfpFbfsf] lk8f ;a}df x'G5 Gf} t/klg cf7 306fsf]
/x]5f},F gf/Lk'?ifdf s'g} e]befj /x]g 5, clg l8pl6 ;s]/ ;a} lblbalxgLx? Pp6} 5fgf d'lg xfF;/]
s'g}klg sfdnfO{ 7'nf], ;fgf] elgbf] /x]g5, vfnL Ps csf{sf] bM'v ;'v afF8]/ a:bf ;d'Gb|kf/ ePsf]
sfd ug{'kbf]{ /x]5, cfkm\gf] :yfg cfkm} aGbf] /x]5 dx;'; x'b}g /x]5 . lblbalxgLx? cfpg] hfg] qmd
eGg] vfnsf] ;F;f/ b]Vg] / a'em\g] cj;/ kfPsL hf/L lyof] . clg l8pl6 klg ;'? e} ;s]sf] lyof] .
lyPF d}n] . slt lblbalxgLx?sf] cfkm\g} lk8f lyof] d]gkfj/n]
13

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ug'{kg]{ sfdsf] ;d]t kQf] lyPg . d]l8sn
eO/x]sf] lyof] . o:t}df l/kf]6{ klg cfpFb} lyof] .
d;Fu Pp6} d]gkfj/af6 Pp6} ˆnfO6df cfPsL
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agfof] . ld7f] ;kgf dgdf ;hfP/ s]lx xf]nf eGg]
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eGbf csf]{ ljsNk lyPg . rGbf p7fpFbf JolQmut
tyf ;+:yfut ?kdf rGbf ;+sng ug{ yflnof] .
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lbgsf] ltg306f lsgd]n ug]]{ ;dodf l;6L;]G6/df
pxfFx?nfO{ af]nfP/ e]6\of}+ . o;/L kl/ro eof]
;GWofu|k' ;Fu / To;sf ;b:o bfh'efOx?;Fu .
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;flxlTos, ;f+:s[lts tyf v]ns'bsf sfo{qmdsf]
cfof]hgf ul/ lalaw sf/0fn] k|jf;LPsf
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xl/rGb| >]i7;Fu e]6 eof] . pxfF dfkm{t wg]Zj/
lh;L;Fu kl/ro ug]{ df}s f kfPF . o:t}df Pslbg
xl/ efO{n] ;GWofu|'kn] gofFaif{sf] ub}{5 tkfO{sf]
SofDkdf gfFRg] ufpg] To:tf snf ePsf
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cj;/ xf] of] . jxfFsf] of] af]nL;Fu} d}}n] eg], efO
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lbg' xfdL s'/f u5f}F eGg' eof] . b'tfjf;sf]
cg'dltkq;Fu} d]g]h/;Fu s'/f ug'{ eP5 pxFfx?n] .
To;kl5 dnfO d]gh ] /sf] kmf]g cfof] ;fljlq xfd|f]
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;+:yfn] kfFr hgf snfsf/ dfu]sf] 5 eGof] . dnfO{
;fFRr} v'l; nfUof] d}n] To:tf k|ltef ePsf y'k|}
s]l6x? ePsf] / cfkm' klg l;Ë/ ePsf] Pp6f PNjd
;d]t lgsfnL ;s]sf] atfPF . To;kl5 xfdLn]
cg'dtL kfof}+ sfo{qmddf ;xefuL x'g] . d}n] Pp6f
Pnjd lgsfNg] ca;/ kfP klg nfOedf ufPsL
lyOg t/ ;fyLefO{x?sf] xf};nf / laZjf;sf sf/0f
lxDdt a9]/ cfof] . To;kl5 g]kfnLx?sf] gofFaif{
@)^^sf] cj;/df ;GWofu|k' n] cfof]hgf u/]sf]
dgf]/Ghg ;fFem @)^^ df d nufot xfd|f] sDkgLdf
sfo{/t g]kfnL r]nLx?n] efu lnof}+ . stf/df klg
g]kfnL ;+:s[ltsf] km}nfj6 b]v]/ d crDddf k/]+ .
g]kfnLx? cfkm\gf] efiff, snf, ;flxTo / ;+:s[lt k|lt
slt lrGtLt x'Fbf /x]5g\ eGg] d}n] k|ToIf cg'ej u/]
. ;GWofu|k' cnvf]/sf] cnld:gfb sDkgLsf]
k|fËu0fdf ;DkGg ePsf] ;f] sfo{qmdf ljleGg
snfx? ;d]l6Psf] lyof] . gfr, ufg, sd]l8 nufot
bf]xf]/Ln] bz{sx?nfO{ e/k'/ dgf]/~hg lbPsf] lyof] .
stf/afl; nueu rf/ xhf/ g]kfnL, lab]zL nufot
g]kfnL lgof]usf k|d'vx?n] cjnf]sg u/]sf] ;f]
sfo{qmddf g]kfnLx?nfO{ g]kfnd} ePsf] cfefif
lbnfPsf] lyof] . k|jf;df /x]/ klg g]kfnL efiff,snf,
;flxTo / ;+:s[ltsf] lasfzdf ;GWof u|k' sf]
sbdnfO{ d ;fw'jfb 6qmofpF5' ;fy} d ;GWofu|'k
nufot To;sf ;b:ox?nfO{ k|lt xflb{s cfef/
JofQm ub{5' . d ;fFRrLs} Cl0f 5' ;FGWof u|'ksf] .
z'esfdgf ;GWofu|k' nfO{ cfufld lbgx?df klg
o:t}–o:t} sfo{qmdx?sf] cfof]hgf u/f];\ .
14
 d'UnfgL ;f}uft 4}dfl;s
;kmntfsf] lzv/ r'df];\, km'nf];, kmnf]; ;+;f/sf
s'gf–s'gfdf a:g] g]kfnLx?sf] klxrfg agf];\ . ;fu/df 8'a]5'
;GWofu|k' sf] pHhn elj:osf] z'esfdgfsf ;fy
Ps uLt .  5la/d0f ltjf/L
uLt cfzf, cfzf dfq /x]5
;+;f/ x]g{] rfxfgfdf b'MvL hLjg lhpg' k¥of] e/f];fdf slxNo} gkg'{
lhGbuLsf] kl/j]zdf cfF;' dfq lkpg' k¥of] lglh{j a:t' lglh{j g} x'Fbf] /x]5
;'v /f]Hg] sNkgfdf cgfof;} cfF;' em¥of] ;lhj agfpg slxNo} gvf]Hg'
lhGbuLsf] kl/j];df cfF;' dfq lkpg' k¥of] Wff]sf g} lbg' lyof] eg]
lx+8]sL 5' 5flt leq Joyfx? af]sL ld7f; arg lsg lbof}
lhGbuLsf kl/efiff b'Mv dfq xf] sL ;kfËnfO{ klg ckfË;l/ agfO{ lbof}
lbgx? lat] slt lkpFb} lkpFb} cfF;' ckfË klg lx8f];\ ca s;/L
a]bgf 5 5flt leq d s;/L xfF;' cl;dLt ulx/f] ;fu/df 8'a5 ] '
afFRg} kbf]{ /x]5 oxfF cfzfx? af]sL o:tf kf] xF'bf /x]5g\ wf]sj] fhx?
cf;} cf;df afFRg] hLjg d]/} dfq xf] sL aNn kf] dnfO{ yfxf eof]
cfsfz ?G5 aiff{ofddf dg ?G5 ;Fw} ;Fu} afFRg] ;Fu} dg]{ ld7f; arg t
htftt} lj/x 5 v';L 5}g st} lg:7'/Ln] aLrdf tf]8L uof]
a;Gtdf axf/ 5}g km"naf/Ldf km"n 5}g lardf tf]8L uof] ..
lbgdf ;'o{ 5}g xh'/ /ftdf h"g 5}g
aiff{ofdsf] aiff{ h:t} cfF;' dfq} cfpg] n]vgfy gu/kflnsf– !!
slxn] xf]nf lhGbuLdf v'l;ofnL 5fpg] sf:sL .
;+;f/ x]g]{ rfxfgfdf b'MvL hLjg lhpg' kof]{ xfn M cnvf]/ stf/
lhGbuLsf] kl/j];df cfF;' dfq lkpg' kof]{ ..
n]vgfy gu/kflnsf uhn
kf]v/f, xfn M bf]xf,stf/ .

gf/L hft  /fh]Zj/ 9sfn

zf]ef ;"o{ du/ ;+j]u
sfdsf] nflu dfq g/f]h d]/f] ;fy
:jfyL{ lz/df hf]l8Gg gf/L xft
3f6} 3f6fsf] kvf{nnfO{ kmf]8L lbG5]
k'?ifk|wfg ;+:sf/nfO{ tf]8 L lbG5]
gSsnL lsGg/L xf]Og of] dfy
gb]p cem cfZjf;gsf] em'6 f] ;fy
g;Dem ltdL o;nfO{ k/L
aiff{Olbg ;S5] cfGbf]ngsf] em/L
x]/fO x]/fOd} kfun e}lbGg
sfn/fqLdf PSn} x/fOlbGg
s7k"tnL em+} x}g gf/L hft
;fx;sf] dxn xf] of] hft
;+;f/sf] /+uLg xf] of] hft
abnfsf] ;+uLg klg xf] gf/Lhft .
a]naf/L –*
df]/ª g]kfn
r~rn] of] dgsf] /x/, s:n] k"/f unf{ sfG5L <
el/Psf] hjfgLdf s:sf] gh/ knf{ sfG5L <
sf]xL 5}g bfFof afofF k/]nLn] af]nfpg]
pln{Psf] dfof d]/f], cgfof;} emnf{ sfG5L <
kmlqmg nfu]sf] sf]lknf g} /fd|f] eG5g\
stf–stf lrGtf k¥of], d]/f] /x/ dnf{ sfG5L
hjfgLd} s:g' k5{ nug ufF7f] eG5g ;a}
a'9];sfnn] 5f]O ;Sof], cj km]l/ ;nf{ sfG5L
sf]xL t xf]nf d]/f nflu hlGdPsf ;+;f/df
dd{ a'lem x|bodf s:n], dfof 5nf{ sfG5L
ju'jf,^ uf]/vf,
xfnM bf]xf,stf/
15

s[lt ;ldIff=================ÛÛ
lgwf{ dnfldx?
/]lu:tfgdf
of] Psfb]zsf] syf xf]Og,g t dgsf] h?jfgLaf6
/l;Psf] efjgf a]u dfq . of] cfkm\g} 3/sf] oyfy{
syf xf] . cfkmgf] 3/ eGg' cfkm\gf] df6f] xf],
cfkm\gf] dfof eGGf' rflxF 5fnf sGofpFbf g]kfnL
df6f] uGxfpg] cfkm\gf] b]z xf] . xf], olx cfkm\gf]
b]zdf efUo;fnL ePsf] ljrf/ pQ]hgfsf] syf xf]
. cem o;nfO{ o;/L egf}, d''n's /fhlglts
cl:y/tfn] lbgfg'lbg lh0f{ eO/x]sf] 5 . g]tfx?
b]znfO{ ;kfg]{ u'lnof arg ;f6\b} 5b\de]lif gf6s
d~rg ub}{ g/elIfsf] bfFhf]df ;+;f/df bl/g
yfn]sf] 5g\ . xf], olx syf xf] ;flxTosf/ b'uf{
e';fnsf] lgwf{ dnfldx? .
d}n] syf ;+Uf|xsf] s'/f ul//x]sf] xf]O{g,
d'Qms ;+u|xsf] s'/f u/]sf] xf] . ;+ux| leq 5l/P/
/x]sf lnlkj4 l;NknfO{ s]nfpg vf]h]sf] xf] . of]
lgwf{dnfldx? leq lhGbuLsf c;nL ef]ufO{x? 5g\
. /fhgLlt pynk'ynn] lgDtfPsf a:t'ut
vf8nx? 5g\ . cem 5g\, d'6' / lttf] oyfy{
;fdflhs lj;+ultsf] . y'k|}–y'k|} laifox? ;d]6]/
uhnfTds 9+uaf6 Ps ;o ;f7Lj6f syfsf] lrq
sf]l/Psf] 5 of] lgwf{ dnfdLx?df . o:fsf] k|ljlw
zJb cnfËsf/df slj ;+jb] gl;n 5g\ eg]
oxfFsf d'Qmlso kfqx? lgwf{ dnfdL ag]sf 5g\ .
g]kfnL ;dfhdf d[tssf] bfx;+:sf/ ug{ dnfdL
hfG5g\ k/Gt' oxfF dnfdL hfg]x?g} lgwf{ ag]sf
5g\ . b]z ;Gqf;do 5, cem} Tolx cfuhgL /
d'UnfgL ;f}uft 4}dfl;s
:fGqf;do ;nxn] 5f]8s ] f] 5}g . g]kfnL ;dfhsf]
Pskl5 csf]{sf] d[To' t oxfF ePs} 5 t/ cGTo]li7
ug{ lx8]sf dnfdLx? klg km]l/ 3/ kms]/{ cfpg]
gcfpg] eGg ;Sg] cj:yf 5}Gf . ;Kk}df eGg] xf]
eg], oxfF d/]sfx?n] dnfdL kfpg] ;Defjgf 5}g /
;fdflhs dfGotfnfO{ dnfdL hfg]x?
klg lgwf{ 5g\ of] d'n'sdf . of] ;femf
cg'e'lt xf] d'Qmssf/ b'uf{ e';fnsf] . of]
k':tssf] k|To]s z]/x?df k|To]s
x/kmx?df b'uf{ e';fn b]z ag]/ /f]Psf
5g\ . 3/, b]zb]lv k/b]z ;Ddsf] dfgljo
d"No / dfGotfdf b]lvPsf] c6;d6;x?
d'Qmsdf ;nnn kf]lvPsf 5g\ .
To;f] t bf]xf, stf/df b'uf{
e';fn ckl/rLt eg] xf]Ogg\ . x/]s
sfuhL ahf/df ltvf{, jf:tljstf
cf]sNg] Pp6f ;|i6f x'g b'uf{ e';fn .
jxfF;Fusf] d]/f] glhSofO{ gfdn] afx]s
c? Tolt cufl8sf] xf]Og t/ hj xfdL
Pp6f ;flxlTos ;+:yfdf cfj4 eof}F ta
d}n] jxfFnfO{ glhsaf6 x]g]{ df}sf kfPF . of] d]/f]
ldqtfk|ltsf] va/bf/L xf]Og, dfq ;ldKotf ;ldIff
:j?k cf]sn]sf] x'F . d}n] bf]xf, stf/df k|lt:kwf{T ds
?kdf k|sfzg x'g] y'k|} ;|i6fx?sf s[ltx? x]g]{ df}sf
kfPsf] 5' . of] df}sf s]jn cfkm' of] nf]sdf eO/x]sf]
>]o xf] oBlk d}n] slxNo} ;f]r]sf] lyOg oxFf o:tf
;|i6fx? klg a:bf /x]5g\ . jxfFsf] d'Qmlso v'la
b]v]/ d b+ubf; eP5', olt ;'Gb/ sL zJbdo
JofVofn] gk'UGf]. cnfËsf/Ls jflGsn] xf];\ of t
zJb rog cyjf o;sf] lz/d'lg b]lv e';'gf;Dd,
;'Gb/ lalaw laifodf sl6j4 ljDj k|ltsx?df
:ki6tf o:tf] nfU5 cGt/f{li6«o g]kfnL ;flxTo
;dfh stf/ RofK6/n] rfgr'g] lx;fjdf of]
kf08'lnlknfO{ 5fg]sf] x]fOg /x]5 . d'Qmssf/ e';fn
dfs/ — $, gjnk/f;Lsf x'g\ . xfn pmlg wgsf]
hf]xf] ug{ vf8Lsf] bf]xf, stf/df sfo{/t 5g\ .
d'Qmz}nLdf n]lvg] Pp6f cfsif{s / b'/ufdL
;flxlTos ljwf xf] d'Qms . o;sf] uxgtf ;l6s t/
la/f6 x'G5 . of] rf]l6nf] x'g'sf] ;fy} ;/n ;/; /
ld7f] x'G5 . rf/ kbdf n]lvg] of] ljwfdf klxnf],
bf]>f] / clGtddf cGTofg'k|f; eP/ d'Qmlso wd{
af]Sb5 rfx] b]z lrGtgsf] xf];\, rfx] k|]dljof]usf]
xf];\ k|;+u . o;n] k[YjL hlt lj/f6tf af]ss ] f] x'G5
. To;}n] of] ljwf cfsif{s / k7lgo x'g ;S5 .
s;}n] o;nfO{ uhnsf] 5f]6f] ?k eG5g\ eg], s;}n]
n3' sljtf cyjf 6'qmf–6'lqm h–h:n] h] eg] klg
16

of] hDdfdf d'Qms xf] . o;sf] cfkm\g} cl:tTj, wd{
/ dd{ x'G5 . rf/ x/kmn] l;ª\uf] b]z af]Sb5 /
af]Sb5 dfgljo ;+j]bgf klg . To:f}n] of] rf]l6nf]
:jefj}n] 5 .
hLjgsf] ;os8f}F eËufnf]x? l5rf]n/] ;kgf a'Gg
/]lu:tfg k;]sf oL ;|i6fx? s]jn Psnf}6 L efjgf
dfq af]Sb}gg\ . k[YjLsf] s'g} s'gfdf ePsf]
36gfsf ;fy} nf]sdf eO/x]sf ;d:t lj;+ultk"0f{
k|jl[ t dfly klg v/f] dl; 5fb\5g\ ;|i6fx? . pgn]
d'Qms g} lsg cfkm\gf] klxnf] s[lt 5fg] t <
dnfO{ nfUb5, pgsf] ;flxlTos k|:km'6gtf olxFaf6
;'? eof] . d'Q ms v/f] dfq xf]Og ;+j]bgl;n x'G5,
To:f}n] cfkm\gf] snf Ifdtf rf]l6nf] kf/fdf k:sg
;s]sf 5g\ lgwf{ dnfdLx? ag]/ . dxfslj nIdL
k|;fb b]jsf]6fn] h:tf] /f}l0fs /;df s'g dlGb/df
hfG5f} ltdL eg]/ cfkm\gf] ljrf/ kf]v]sf 5}gg\ .
pmlg lj;+ult k|l t o;/L hfOnfU5g\ –M
‘dlGb/df jln r9fP/ wd{ sdfpF5f}F xfdL
dfG5]nfO{ af]S;L agfP/ wd{ sdfpF5f} xfdL
ef]sd/Ln] slxn} klg g5f]8\g] b]zdf
To;} cGg hnfP/ wd{ sdfpF5f} xfdL ..Æ
d'Qmssf/ cfkm' lxGb' x'g\ t/ pmlg cfkm'
lxGb' eP/klg ;fdflhs lj;+ult / wfld{s cxdtf
k|lt k[i7kf]if0f u/]sf 5}gg\ . xfd|} a:tLx?df
lgGblgo ?kdf /lx/xg] / wd{sf] gfddf ;lxi0f'tf
vNjnfO{ /xg] xfd|} g]kfnL /Lltl/jfhk|lt o;/L
Hofg 5f]8/] JoËojf0f k|xf/ u5{g . of] d'Qmsn]
;fnfvfnf Tof] a]lyltk"0f{ afFlr/x]sf wd{sf]
gfddf sn+lst wd{le?x?sf] lrlndsf] a'nlGb
o;/L lrRofpF5g\ –M
‘xf;F ca slt ?G5f} gf/Lx?
d]/f] cfjfh slxn] ;'G5f}] gf/Lx?
slxn];DDf lgb{oL kfkL k'?ifx?sf
dgf]/~hgsf ;fwgdfq x'G5f} gf/Lx?.Æ
k[i7–^@
lhGbuLsf cg]sf} cg'ej a6'ns ] f
d'Qmssf/ b'uf{ e';fn g]kfnL /fhgLltdf eO{
/x]sf 36gfqmd / k'gp
{ TyfgjfbL r]tnfO{ va/bf/L
ub{5g\ / eGb5g\,
‘u0ftGq cfPklg r}qsf] v8]/L b]Vb}5' d
ltg} k|ltufdL d08n]x?nfO{ km]l/ b]Vb}5' d
lxhf] pm ;'s'Djf;L hgtfsf] dfG5] lyof]
d'UnfgL ;f}uft 4}dfl;s
cfh p;s} gfddf ;of+} 38]/L b]Vb}5' d.’
of] cfqmf]; xf], g/lk;fr g]kfnL /fhgLlt
ug]{ g]tf egfpFbfx? k|lt . pgsf] uxlsnf] larf/x?
s]jn PsnsfF6] kf/fdf au]sf] kfOb}g slxn] pmlg
ljof]udf klg o;/L RofltPsf 5g\ –M
‘x|bo RofTbf ltdLn] aNn kfPF l;pg's f] dHhf
o:tf] b'Mvdf klg lnPF d}n] lhpg'sf] dHhf
d}n] lkPsf]df ;Fw} pkxf;n] luHofof} lsg <
P glkpg]x? xf] ltdLx?nfO{ s] yfxf lkpg's f]
dHhf .Æ
lj1 sndaf6 lgl:sPsf o:tf /fdjf0fx?
;fFlRrs} ;flxTo h:tf 5g\ / dfofsf] ;'?jftsf]
k|lts af]N5g\ . ;'Gb/tfsf] avfg u5{g–M
‘d]/f] x[bo cfsfzdf h"g xf} ltdL
cd'No 5f} csj/L ;'g xf} ltdL
s;/L d ltdLnfO{ cnu ug{ ;S5' /
d]/f] g;f g;fdf aUg] v'g xf} ltdL .Æ
o;/L ;Dk"0f{ laifo;Fu ;DalGwt /x]/
kf]lvPsf] oyfy{ of] ;flxTo dd{:k;L{dfq x}g
ljof]ufGt klg 5
‘ d]/f] hn]sf] al:tdf v/fgL afFsL 5
;don] n'6]sf] Pp6f sxfgL afFsL 5
ltdLnfO{ ;fob cl:t g} e'Ny]F xf]nf
t/ d'6' el/sf] 3fp lg;fgL afFs L 5 .Æ
d'Qmssf/ cfkm' o'jf x'g'sf] gftfn] of}jg
cfsf+Iff klg o;/L kf]vs
] f 5g\ d'Qmsdf,
‘ h"g ljgfsf] cfsfzdf tf/f ug]/ a'em\b}g dg
;fGTjgfsf zJbdfq eg]/ a'em\b}g dg
d]/f] :jtGqtf vf];]/ ltdL s'g v'l;sf] s'/f
u5f}{ <
;'gsf] lkFh8fdf d}gf ag]/ a'em\b}g dg . Æ
s'g}klg /rgf k9\g' eg]sf] ;|i6fnfO{ k9\g' xf]
. ;|i6fsf] v'ljnfO{ gfktf}n ug'{ klg xf] . ;flRrs}
ax'/ËL ljrf/ aSg ;Sg] o:tf d'wG{ o ;flxTosf/nfO{
xfdLn] ;No''6 ug}{ k5{ / lgisif{df xfdLn] klg eGg'
k5{ –M
‘ lgbf]{; nf; af]sL lx8\b}5g\ lgwf{ dnfdLx?
nv]6\b}5g\ kl5af6 km]l/ k|ltufdLx?
;Fw} of] b]zsf] z'elrGts dfq alg /x]
l;Fuf] b]z a]Rg rfxfg] pg} x/fdLx? .’
17

;|i6f e';fnn] n]v]sf cg]s k+lQmx?df
/fi6« lrGtg, cfqmf];,ddtf, rfxgf,ljof]u, s'07f,
/f]bg, lrRofx6, qmf]w, lj8Djgf, of}jg lj;+ult
/ c§xf;nfO{ la:s'g agfP/ kf7s ;fd'
;'sfPsf 5g\ . of] s[lt c;n ;ldIfssf]
cfFvfdf k¥of] eg] kSs} klg ;flxTosf] sf]z]9Ë' f
;fljt x'g]5 . oBlk o;sf g/fd|f kIfx? caZo
5g\ . of] cf+N} ofpg' ;ldIfssf] bfloTj xf] .
Jofs/l0fo z'4f z'4Ldf Wofg glbPsf] xf] sL
eGG]f efg k5{ . cfj/0f lrq cToGt} laifok/s
5 t/ sfuhL sd;ntfn] o;sf] cfsif{0ftfnfO{
df/]sf] 5 . k|foM d'Qmsx?sf sflkmof Ps} vfnsf
x'g'af6 eg] d'Qmssf/sf] v'ljdf k|Zg p7\g ;S5 .
of] ufx|f] laifo xf] . hDdfdf of] ;flxTo h:t} 5 .
lgwf{ dnfdLx?nfO{ d+;elIf k~5Lx?af6
cfqmd0fsf] tof/L ePaf6 ca lgwf{ dnfdLx? klg
rgfvf] x'g'kg]{ va/bf/L cfj/0f tl:j/n] k|i6fPsf]
5 . o; ;+ux| nfO{ cGt/f{li6«o g]kfnL ;flxTo
;dfh stf/ RofK6/n] k|sfzssf] e"ldsf lgjf{x
u/]/ g]kfnL ;flxTodf dn nufpg] sfd u/]sf] 5
eg] kqsf/ tyf ;ldIfs Zofd;'Gb/ zlzaf6
o;sf] ;fËuf] kfËuf] s]nfpg] sfd ePsf] 5 .
k|sfzlso Ovfn' /d]z u]nfnn] n]v]/ k':tsnfO{
uxlsnf] agfpg ;xof]u u/]sf 5g\ . b'O{ v08df
laeflht of] d'Qms ;+u|xsf] klxnf] v08df dfof,
lk/tL, wf]s f, k|flKt nufot laifo ;d]l6Psf 5g\
eg] bf]>f] v08df al9 h;f] cfqmf]z kf]vs ] f 5g\ .
cfj/0f ;Hhf u'Kt yfkfaf6 ePsf] 5 eg] !^)
j6f d'Qms ;+u|lxt of] k':tssf] k[i7 ! b]lv %)
/x]sf] 5 . ;fy} o;sf] d'No g]?= %) .– /x]sf] 5
eg] s=l/= %.– /x]sf] 5 . of] ;+ux| lgwf{
dnfdLx?n] ;kmntfsf] lzv/ r'Dg ;Sg] s'/fdf
n]vssf] bIfl;Nkn] b]vfO{ ;s]sf] 5 . o:t} klg
/xf];\ z'eR] 5f d'Qmssf/df .
 pQm ;flxTo k|sfzg ;+;f/sf] h'g s'gfdf a;]/ klg
d?e"ldsf] ;flxTo ofqf
‘uhnn] e]nf r'D5 bf]xf d]nfdf
uhnd} aft x'G5 bf]xf d]nfdf
hLjgsf bb{ ;a} kfvf kmfn]/
uhnd} dg ?G5 bf]xf d]n fdf .’
uhn z'qa4 ?kn] afFw]/ n]lvg] Pp6f
u]ofTds ;flxlTos ljwf xf] . ljgf 1fg / ljgf
;'q uhn n]Vg vf]Hg' le/df hfg' xf] . uhnf
eGg' d[ugogL :qLsf] cfFv f xf] t/ kof{Gtdf of]
uhn x'g uof] . uhnsf k|jt{s uflnkmn] k|foM
d'UnfgL ;f}uft 4}dfl;s
>[+ufl/s /;df uhn n]vk] lg Tof] /Ë/; / k|0fo /;
cfw'lgs ;flxTo;Dd cfOk'Ubf uhn :jtGq aGGf
k'u]sf] 5 . c;ndf of] ;dosf] dfu xf], kl/jt{g
xf] . o;/L cfw'lgs n7\7L 6]s/] lx+8\b} u/]sf]
d?e"ldsf] ;flxlTos ofqf k|ltlglw u/]sf] ;+o'Qm
uhn ;+u|xsf] ;]/f]km]/f]df clxn] d plePsf] 5' .
hLjg ofqf xf] . cem xfdL xl/of]df lx8\g]x?sf]
lglDt of] d?e"ldsf] ofqf dxfgofqf xf] . cem
;flxTosf] ofqf eGg' rflxF sf8fFn] ag]sf] ;8s xf]
. oxfF sf]lx lx8\g dfGb}gg\ s]jn ;flxlTos cfFt
ePsf ;|i6fx? afx]s . d ;f]Rby]+ /]l u:tfgdf
n]lvPsf ;flxlTos v'/fsx? olxFsf] ;]/f]km]/f]df dfq
l;ldt x'G5g\ . ha d}n] ;+oQ' m uhn ;+u|x
d?e"ldsf] ;flxTo ofqf x]g{] df}sf kfPF ta nfUof] d
t e|ddf kf] /x]5' . of] k':tsdf n]lvPsf
uhnx?n] k|b]zdf ef]Ug' k/]sf] b'/bfGt lk8fb]lv
ufpFsf] hLjgz}nL ;fy} /fli6«otfsf] efjgfn]
cf]tk|f]t eP/ l;Fuf] d'n'ssf] k|ltlglwTj ;d]t u/]sf]
/x]5 . ;flxTo hLjg / hutsf] bk{0f xf] . s'g
dfg]df xf] eg], h'g ;dfh ;Eo 5, lzlIft 5, s]jn
Tof] ;dfhdf dfq k|sfzgx? ;Dej x'G5g\ / Tof]
k|sfzgn] ;dfhsf] s'gf s'gfdf eP 36]sf
36gfx?nfO{ lrq0f u5{g\ cyjf k|sfzg u5{g .
x]g{ ;lsG5 . k9\g' eGg' a'em\g' xf], To;}n] ;flxTo
bk{0f xf] . of] k':tssf] ;a} eGbf /fd|f] kIf s] 5 eg]
k'j{ d]lr b]lv klZrd dxfsfnL ;Ddsf ;|i6fx? oxfF
Pp6} ofqfdf lgl:sPsf 5g\ . o;/L ;flxTo ofqfdf
nfd nfu]/ wfg gfRg ;Sg' Pp6f ;flxTodf
lx8\g]x?sf] nflu ;xofqf xf] . Ps y'ls ;'ls ;o
y'ls glb eGg] xf] eg] oxfF oL ;flxTosf/x?n]
Pp6f ;flxTosf/ lar ldqtfsf] tfbDotf sfod
u/]sf 5g\ . of] ;+u|x k|sfzg u/]/ pbfx/0f k|:t't\
u/]sf 5g\ . of] dfg]df o; ;+ux| sf ;|i6fx?nfO{
;No'6 ug}{ k5{ .
18

hfFbf hfFb} of] ;+u|x;Fu hf]l8Psf] Pp6f
;fgf] ;+:d/0f /fVg ;fGb{les 7fGb5' . Ps
;flxlTos sfo{qmdsf] e]63f6sf qmddf ;flxlTos
ldq df}nwg /fO{n] dnfO{ Pp6f uhn ;+ux| ;+o'Qm
?kdf lgsfNb} 5f}F . s]lx cfly{s ;xof]u / ltgj6f
uhn lbg' k¥of] eGg' ePYof] t/ d}n] s'/} s'/fdf
cfly{s ;xof]u rfFlx lbpFnf t/ uhn rflxF d;Fu
5}g elg uhn;Fu d efUg vf]Hb} lyPF . kl5
ldqx?n] ;+u|x tof/ kf/]/ k|sfzg klg ug'{ eP5
. g t d}n] cfly{s ;xof]u g} lbg ;s]F, g t uhn
g} . dnfO{ s] dfg]df kZrftfk nfu]sf] 5 eg]
oltsf tfFtL ;flxTosf/x? dfem of] ;+o'Qm ofqfdf
d ;xeflu x'g ;lsg . h] xf];\ tF cf6 d k'¥ofpF5'
eGg] pvfg rflxF oxfF rl/tfy{ ePsf] 5 . jxfFx?n]
cfF6 gug'{ ePsf] eP ;fob of] ;+u|x k|sfzg x'g
;Sb}g lyof] . d jxfFx?sf] cfF6nfO{ ;Ddfg ug{
rfxfG5' .
;+u|xleq /x]sf ;flxlTos rf]OnLsf]
/;:jfbg ug]{ df}sf kfPF, olx 7'nf] s'/f xf] .
stf/sf] k|bz ] L hLjgz}nLdf Psfw g]kfnLx?n]
ug]{ st"{tsf] af/]df uhnsf/ s[i0fs'df/ /fO{n]
cfkm\gf] uhnaf6 o;/L Jo+Uo k|xf/ u/]sf 5g\ –M
‘x/]ssf] Pp6} tfn /}Ú5 of] stf/df
lkmlnx?sf] dfof hfn /}Ú5 of] stf/df
a'sf{n] 5f]k]sf] 5 lrGg ufx|f] sxfFsL elg
?ksf] cufl8 a'sf{ kvf{n /}Ú5 of] stf/df.Æ
3/ 38]/L ;fx'sf] y}nLdf shf{ lbP/ ;'v
vf]Hg k;]sf g]kfnL o"jfx? o;/L of}jg b'/frf/df
km;]/ slxNo} lg:sg ;Sg] cj:yf 5}g .
vf]lh/x]sf 5g\, em'6f] dfof d?e"l ddf . o:tf]
k|j[ltnfO{ uhnaf6 /fd|} emfk8 xfGg ;s]sf 5g\
uhnsf/x?n] . To;}ul/ ;Defjgfdf d'l 5P/
d'Ënfg k:g'kg]{ afWotf / d'Ënfg kl; ;s]kl5
b]zk|ltsf] c3ft dfofsf] k|lts af]n]sf 5g\
uhnsf/ k|sfz a~hf/f æljxfgLÆ k[i6 #* df,
‘ ;asf] gh/df cfh lu/]s f] 5' xh'/
b]z e'ln ljb]zdf l5/]sf] 5' xh'/
u"nfd alg oxfF n'? n'? v6]sf] 5'
cfTdfleq b]zsf] ljNnf le/]sf] 5' xh'/ .’
:jb]zdf /x'~h]n b]zk|ltsf] ul/df yfxf
x'Gg . ha b]zaf6 sf]iff}+ 6f9f k'U5f}F, clg cnfk
ljnfk ul/ cfˆgf]Tjk|lt ;flxToaf6 dlxdf ufpF5f}
. of] xfd|f] lg:s[o r]tgf xf] cyjf cb]vf r]tgf xf]
. of] ;]/af6 uhnsf/n] k|b]zLnfO{ emSemsfpg]
d'UnfgL ;f}uft 4}dfl;s
sfd u/]sf 5g\ . b]z /fhgLlts k|l ts'ntfn]
cfqmfGt alg d/0ff;Gg 5 . of] a]nf pRr r]tgfsf]
dfG5]x?n] dfq czflGt dx;'; u/]sf 5}gg\ .
afnLgfnL, af]6lj?jfx? klg o'4sf] kL8fdf
lklN;Psf 5g\ .olx o'4sf] l;sf/ ag]sf uhnsf/
af;'b]j cGhfg k|b]zaf6} ;fg'nfO{ k|Zg u5{g –M
‘ g]kfndf km]l/ zflGt km'Ng] xf] sL xf]Og ;fg'
nx–nx wfgsf] afnf em'Ng] xf] sL x}g ;fg'
9nfP/ ?l9aflb /fhtflGqs h/f]nfO{
ca km]/L u0ftGq x'Ng] xf] sL x}g ;fg' .Æ
uhn k|0fo ljwf ePklg oxfF ;+ul| xt
uhnx? k|foM /fli6«o efjn] cf]tk|ft] ePaf6 uhn
;flRrs} :jtGq ag]5 eGG]f b[i6fGt o; d?e"ldsf]
;flxTo ofqfn] lbPsf] 5 . b]zk|]d k|b]lzPsf] lk8f,
qmf]w, lrRofx6,dfof,cf3ft,dgf]lj1fg, ?l9u|:t
k/Dk/fsf] lj/f]w, c;dfgtf, xfF;f], /f]bg
pbfl;gtfb]lv lnP/ /fhgLlt lj1fg;Dd ;+ux| df
;d]l6Psf uhnx?sf u'0fx? x'g\ .
o; ;+ux| df :yflkt ;flxTosf/ b]lv gj
k|ltef ;d]t u/]/ hDdf #* hgf uhnsf/x?
;d]l6Psf 5g\ . h;cg';f/ xl/ Hjfnf l3ld/],
;'lgn cfËb]jf, kfGy/] ;fOnf], nljg /fO{, P;=Pn=
l;= km6fxf, /fh' lsgf/f, /fO{ /d]z ufFpn], /lj e§
/f]lif, ofbj /]lUd em/]sf] km"n, dx]Gb| cb[io /fO{, dl0f
kf}8n ] ælevf/LÆ, e"ld/fh OR5's, a]g'/fh vflnË
/fO{, alb| k|;fb k/fh'nL, af;'b]j cGhfg, k|lj0f /fO{,
kz{'/fd k/fO{, k'jn]{ L ;fly, k|sfz a~hf/f æljxfgLÆ,
gj/fh lj=s c6n, g/]Gb| e§/fO{, Pg=lj= cGhfg ,
b]prGb| t'Djfkf], s'df/ kfkf]xfË, b'uf{ rflDnË b'vfO{
, lbks kGt, b'uf{ e'iffn, 5Ss ;lqmo /fO{, rGb|
jfGtfjf /fO{, ;fob >L, r]; s'df/ /fO{, lzlz/
xn];], ls/0f rflDnË /fO{, lszf]/ s'df/ a'9fyf]sL
ls;df ls;f]/, ls;f]/ k'g du/ ldtHo", s[i0f s'df/
/fO{ lIflth,sdn bfgs'l6 k|eft,cfO{Gb| /fO{ cfFs'/f,
cZf'if /fO{ k|ltljDj tyf clgn a/fn ul/j lr/fu .
jxfFx?sf] Psd'i6 ann] g]kfnL ;flxTo If]qdf
Pp6f O6f yKg] sfd u/]sf] 5 . of] s[ltdf ;a} /fd|f
kIf x'FbfxF'b} klg k|fljlws ?kdf lalu|Psf s]lx
kIfx?nfO{ cf}Nofpg' d}n] d]/f] st{Jo 7fGb5' .
efiffut q'l6x? k|foM 5g\ . Jofs/0fdf Tolt Wofg
lbOPsf] 5}g . cfj/0fdf n]lvPsf] ;+oQ ' m zAb
n]vfOdf g} unt 5 . cfj/0fdf g} q'l6n] ufFh]kl5
kf7sx?sf] dfgl;stf s] xf]nf < st} st} uhnsf]
d'No dfGotfnfO{ efFlrPsf] 5 . pbfx/0fsf] nflu
alb| k|;fb k/fh'nLsf] k[i6 $& sf] uhnnfO{ lng
;lsG5 . To:t} ul/ uhnsf] cltdxTjk'0f{ cFz
19
 d'UnfgL ;f}uft 4}dfl;s
sflkmofdf cfd]n k}bf e}lbPsf] 5 . k|foM gj h:tf] d :kf]G;/;Lksf] sfqf]leq
k|ltefx?sf] snd ePsf]n] casf] lbgdf ;'wfb}{ a]l/P/ lhO{/x]sf] 5' .
n}hfg]df d cfzfjfbL 5' . ;j} uhnx? ;+/rgf wf/f wf/f kl;gf axfpFb}
ljlxg 5}gg . uhnh:tf klg k|;:t} 5g\ . b'O{ 5fssf] lglDt c?sf] v'zL ;hfpFb}5'
uhnsf/ ef]h/fh >]i7 PsnJo/fhn] cfˆgf] 3/sf] 5fgf] r'xbF' f klg
uhnsf] 5f]6f] kl/ro lbP/ uhn ;DalGw n]Vg c?sf] dxn lgdf{0fdf h'6s ] f] 5'
rfxfg]x?nfO{ ;';'lrt u/]sf 5g\ . k|sfzs2o b]zdf b]z b'lv/x]sf] 5
s[i0f s'df/ lIflth /fO{ / df}nwgn] ;+o'Qm ?kdf To;}df g'g r's 5g]{sf]
k|sfzlso n]v]sf 5g\ . o;sf] gofF kIf s] xf] eg] /ldtf ag]sf] 5,
s'g}klg s[ltx?df z'dsfdgf n]vfpg] rngsf] ljb]zL x:tIf]k, v'n]cfd rNbf klg
xf]8 rn]sf] a]nf of] ;+ux| z'esfdgf ljlxg To;}df cxf]efUo 7fGg]x? klg b]v]+
x'g'af6 z'esfdgf ljgf klg s[ltx? k|sflzt xF'bf ljb]zL v]tfnfsf v]tL aGbf e"dL,
/x]5g\ eGG]f kf7 l;sfPsf] 5 . d?e"ldsf] ;flxTo lg;+sf]r ;dy{g ldn]sf] 5
ofqf, o;sf] k|sfzg ;+Vof !))! k|lt /x]sf] 5, t/ v} lsg xf] dfG5]x?
eg] o;sf] d'No stf/ l/on % /x]sf] 5 . cfkm} b]z agfpFb}gg
sDKo'6/ ;]l6Ë nfn;/f /fO{ d'b|0f /fOlnª\s ;fob d h:tf sfo/x?sf] afx'Notfn]
ckm;]6 k|]; sf7df08f} /x]sf] 5 . ldng /fO{n] PSsfO;f}+ ztfAbLdf bf; ag]sf] dfG5] d
u/]sf] cfj/0f cfsif{s dfq 5}g k':tssf] cfkm'nfO{ lgofn]/ x]5{'
:tl/otfnfO{ x\jfTt} a9fPsf] 5 . o;sf] cfj/0f b'O{ 5fssf] lglDt d]/f] 3F'8f 6]lsPsf] 5
cfsif{sdfq x}g ;fGble{s klg 5 . d?e"ldsf] axfb'/ egfpFbf d
e'OF df lxl8/x]sf] uhnsf kfOnfx? ;fFRr} g} dxnsf] u]6df plePsf] jfrDofg ag]sf] 5'
uhnsf/sf kfOnf x?g} x'g . of] ;+ux| sf] ;Dkfbg kl;gf a]r/] agfj6L xfF;f]df
s[i0f lIflth, /fO{ /d]z ufpFn], 5Ss ;lqmo /fO{, / xfF:g] sfo/ ag]sf] 5'
snfk|]ld df}nfwg /x]sf 5g\ . aflx/ cfj/0fsf] h:tf] slxNo} ef]u]sf] lyPg
k5fl8sf] efudf /flvPsf] larf/d'ns cfh Tof] ef]lu/x]sf] 5' .
8f=3gZofd Gof}kfg] kl/>dLHo"sf] zJbk'~hn] cfsfz d'lgsf] :jtGqtfdf
o;sf] dx+ufO{ yk]sf] 5 . o; ;+u|xsf] ;kmntfsf] /d]/ ;kgf dfq b]v5 ] '
sfdgf JoQm ub{5' . ljs6tfdf klg :jLh/NofG8 b]V5',
 7fpF –7fpFdf pBf]ux?,
hgtfsf] hLp wgsf] Uof/]G6L
emlsemsfp b]zsf] ljsf;
;]lnª s];L t/ d]/f ;kgfx? hlxNo} ;kgf dfq alg/x]
h:tf] cfh cfFvfel/ 5f/f] ;lx/x]sf] 5' .
To;}n] u"nfd ag]sf dfG5]x?
ca cfkm'–cfkm'af6 hfu, p7
sljtf ca cem lhpFbf] nfz aGg'xG' g,
j}/Lsf] u"nfdL u/L kmf6]sf rf]nL 6flng' x'Gg
p7 ca bf;tfsf] sfqf]af6 b]z xfFSg' kg]{ kfnf] ca xfd|f] sfFwdf 5
kl/jt{gsf] z'?jft ug'{k/]sf] 5
 OGb| tfdfª hfu ca :kf]G;/l;ksf] sfqf] RoftL
u0ftGqsf] cf]tdf lhpFg] dfG5] ltd|f] cl:tTjsf] vflt/
cw{ hLljt b]v]+ ltd|f] :jfledfgsf] vflt/ ...
clwsf/sf] lglDt n8\g] n8fs'
klg p:t} ljjz e]6]+ s'le08]–(, vf]6fª
c~hnLsf] cl:dtfsf] jsfnt ug]{ xfnM g]kfn k|jf;L tfdfª ;dfh
klg p:t} b]v]+, bf]xf, stf/ .
20
 d'UnfgL ;f}uft 4}dfl;s
syf==================ÛÛ
gof“gk] fn
b'uf{ e';fn
;fFOnL sldlg e/t k|;fb ;fx'sf] d]nfaf6 vf]/df x'Ng vf]hL t/ afv|f] vf]/df guP/ l;w}
cfP/ ev{/} 3/leq l5/]sL lyO{ . bz}Fsf] cl3Nnf] Knfli6ssf] h/lsg sf6]/ efF8f dfem\gnfO{ kfgL
lbg ufpFsf cGgbftf, ;a}n] eujfg dfg]sf e/t /fVg] efF8f] lt/ uof] . ToxfF klg Ps yf]kf kfgL
k|;fbn] a8f] bof b]vfpFb} ;fOnLnfO{ b'O{dfgf lyPg . ;fOnLn] afv|f] ;dfTg vf]hL afv|f] emg\
rfdn lgD7f]dfgf] nufP/ 5f]Og] 8/n] b'Ox{ ft efUof] . afv|f] ;dfTg bu'bf{ ;flxFnL n8\g k'lu,
dflyaf6 p;sf] dh]qf]df vGofPsf] lyof] .æ ;fFOnL ca t p;sf] l/; cfuf] nufPsf] ad em} k8\sg
ef]ln bz}Fsf] lbg cfkm\gf ;fgafgnfO{ eft VjfO dfq afFls eof] . aNn aNn afv|f] ;dft]/ lsnf]df
o;sf] s]lx lbg' kb}{g . o;f] k}/] af/Lsf] afFlw afv|f]sf] k]6 b]fla|P/ xfjf lgsfn]sf]
cfn' vlglbP k'U5, eGb} an h:t} ePsf] lyof] .æ
rf/dfgf rfdnn] gk'Ug] /fF8f /fF8Lx?n] Psd'7L
sfd b]vfP/ ‘bz}Fsf] d'v eP/ xf]nf rf/}lt/ /dfOnf] 3fF;klg
e/tk|;fb ;fx'n] nfUYof] . ;]n/f]6L, cg;f{ ld7f] xflnlbPg5g\,Æ
. ;fFOnLn] pN6} kl/sf/x? agfPsf] ld7f] jf;gf lai6sf afv|f] x]/]/
;fx'sf] ho ;fFlxnL km]l/
xf];\ eGb} 3/af6 cfO/x] s f] lyof] . lxnf]d n
} f] x6]/ kmTkmtfpFb}
cfPsL lyO, ev{ / } pNnf;do ePsf] lyof] jftfj/0f . ufu|f] l6k]/
dgel/ h] xf];\ ;a}sf] 3/df ;a}sf] d'xf/df v'l;sf] kw]F/f] lt/
e/t k|;fb ;fx' /f}gs lyof] . l;jfo ;fFOnLsf] 3/ / nflu .
bofn' g} 5g\ eGg] To;sf ;b:o 5f8]/ .’ kFw/] f]df
;f]Rb} . c? cfOdfOx?n] kfgL
;fFem 9lNs ;s]sf] eb}{ lyP . ;flxFnLnfO{ b]Vg]
lyof] . bz}Fsf] d'v eP/ xf]nf rf/}lt/ lalQs} d'G6f] a6f/] . ;flxFnLn] kfgL
/dfOnf] nfUYof] . ;]n/f]6L, cg;f{, ld7f] kl/sf/x? rfF8} eg{ kfOG5sL eGg] cf; af]s]/ glhs} h:tf]
agfPsf] ld7f] jf:gf lai6sf 3/af6 cfO/x]sf] uO{ . of}l6 cfOdfO{ s/fO{ æP sldlg clns k/}
lyof] . lxnf]d}nf] x6]/ ev{/} pNnf;do ePsf] lyof] a;\ x} Û 5f]OPnf, hd/fdf xfNg] kfgL xf] .
jftfj/0f . ;a}sf] 3/df ;a}sf] d'xf/df v'l;sf] clnslt t cfkm}klg larf/ ug'{ k5{ gL,
/f}gs lyof] . l;jfo ;fFOnLsf] 3/ / To;sf ;b:o ljli6gLx? ePsf] 7fpFdf cfpg]Æ csL{ afx'gL af]nL
5f8]/ . lbgel/ ysfOn] r'/ ePklg e/t k|;fb . x}g cr]n s] efÚsf], oL sfdL bd}x?nfO{ < slQ
;fx'n] dh]qf]df xflnlbPsf] b"O{dfgf rfdnn] ubf{ ;fx}| dfly r9]sf x'g\, af]nL ;fWo 5}g 8fª\uf| x? .æ
of] bz}d F f t eft vfg kfOg] ef] eg]/ b+u lyO{ v} Û cr]n t s] hdfgf cfof], xfd|f kfnfdf ;Fw}
;flxnL . 3/df cfpFbf ;a} sfd nyflnË lyof] . cfkm\gf cfˆgf 7fFd lyP .Æ pd]/df clns kfsL
hxfFsf] Tolx 9f]sf nufPs}, k|efb]ljn] clwFof kFw]/gLn] af]nL .
kfNg lbPsf] afv|f] klg aflx/}, g 3/df 6'sL ;flxFnL s]lx gaf]nL kFw]/f]sf] Ps s'gfdf
hnfPsf] lyof] . efF8f]df Psyf]kf kfgL lyPg, ple/xL .
ljxfg l9F8f] cf]9fn]sf] efF8f] aflx/ h'7} cfsfz lt/ P Û kfj{tL ltd|f] 3/df sf6]sf vl; slt
x]//] nl8/x]sf] lyof] . ;fFOnLsf] l/;sf] kf/f] r9\of], wfgL{sf] /x]5, Pp6L kw]gL{n] ;f]lw <
stf uP5g\ lo /fF8f /fFl8x? =====================ÛÛ cf7 wfgL{sf], bz}FnfO{ g} ;fFr]/ /fv]sf] lyof], Tof]
PSn} kmTkmtfpFb} 6'sL afnL, Dof–Dof ub}{ aflx/ vl;Æ kfj{ltn] hjfkm lbO{ .
afv|f] s/fO{/x]sf] lyof] . p;sf] l/; emg\ a9\of], xfd|f] klg Tolx cf7 wfgL{ hltsf] lyof], csL{n]
tFnfO{ af3n] vfg g;s]sf] eGb} afv|f]nfO{ vf]n]/ ylk .
21

ltdLn] of] bz}Fdf s]–s] lsGof} t <
/fd|f] agf/;L ;f8L clg s]6fs]l6nfO{ sk8f Û
ltdL;Fu t gofF–gofF ;f8Lx? lyP clg
s]6fs]l6x?nfO{ sk8fx? klg lyP, af]nL kw]gL{ .
ePklg t lsGg} kof]{ gL bz}F h:tf] rf8df .
csL{n] hjfkm lbO{ .
clg s] s] ksfof} t < km]l/ sf]6\ofO{ p;n],
c;f{, ;]n clg kfx'gfnfO{ s'/fpgL 3f]6]sf] 5,
d'b ld7\ofpFb} a]lnla:tf/ nufO{ p;n] .
;flxFnLnfO{ plgx?sf] s'/f Ps 306f ;'Gg}
s/ nfUof] . tL lali6gLx? guP;Dd p;sf] kfnf]
cfpg] s'/} lyPg . kfnf] cfof], ;flxFnL kfgL e/]/
3/ cfO{ t/ cem} klg p;sf] 5f]/f] xs]{ / 5f]/L
eu]/F L 3/df cfOk'us ] f lyPgg\ . oL /fF8f /fl8Fx?
sxfF d/]5g\ < cfpg g Û dfq d}n] hfg]sL 5'
oLgLx?sf] 88fNgf] efRg . kmTkmtfpFb} p;n]
afv|fnfO{ kfgL lbO{ . afv|fn] tg\tgL v'a kfgL
lkof] . x]/ Û o;sf] xQ] lbge/L kfgL klg lbPsf
/x]g5g\ eGb} afv|f] vf]/df y'gL / laxfg l9F8f]
cf]9fn]sf] h'7f efF8f dfFem\g yfnL . xs]{ / eFu]/L
geP/ ;a}sfd nyflnË ePsf]n] p;sf] l/;
yfldg;Sg' ePsf] lyof] t/ Tof] eGbfklg csf]{ lk/
lyof], ca s] ksfP/ 5f]/f 5f]/LnfO{ Vjfpg] EfGg] .
cl:t e/t k|;fb ;fx'sf] yf/f] e};L la/fdL k/]/
;:t} df]ndf sf6\g lbPsf lyP Tof] la/fdL e}+;Lsf]
df;' ;:tf] kfP/ ;flxFnLn] klg NofPsL lyO t/
ca Tof] df;'klg ;ls;s]sf] lyof] . s] vfg] 3/df
5 dfgf hlt ds}sf] k'/fgf] lk7f] lyof] . Tof] klg
k|efb]jLn] bof b]vfP/ lbPsL . ;a}sf] 3/df ;]n,
c;f{ kfs]sf] 5, cfkmgf] 3/df ds}sf] k'/fgf] lk7f] Û
x'g t e/tk|;fb ;fx'n] xfnL lbPsf] b"O{dfgf
rfdn klg lyof] t/ Tof] rfdn clxn] vfP/ ef]ln
s] sf] l6sf d'5\g] < Tolx klg ef]ln bz}+sf] lbg
s]6fs]6LnfO{ t eft} Vjfpg' kof]{ . lgs}a/] ljrf/
u/L efF8f dflem ;s]/ ;flxFnLn] r'Nxf]df bfp/f
hf]/L / lbp/Ldf kfgL a;fnL clg s'gf kl6
agfPsf] ef/af6 lk7f] lgsfNg uO{ 6f9Fdf la/fnf]
/x]5 ;flxFnLnfO{ b]lv la/fnf] 8/fP/ efUg vf]Hbf
l6gsf] lk7f] hlt ;a} e'O df kf]lvof] . ca t
;flxFnL cfkm\g} sfa'df eOg emg\ rsf]{ :Jf/n]
kmTkmtfO{ æa]9+usf 5f]/f5f]/Lx? dg{ g;s]sf d]/f]
cfwf df;' t logLx?n] g} vfg] eP Û l6gsf] 9sg
t /fd|f];uF nufpg' k5{, logLx? t cfpg g Û d}n]
hfg]sL 5' . ;flxFnLn] dflYf dflysf] lk7f] p7fO{
h'g p7fpFbf e'OF sf] df6f] cfpFb}gYof] . l98f]
cf]8fNg yfnL, Tolxa]nf cf]bfgsf] v§f] efFlrP/
d'UnfgL ;f}uft 4}dfl;s
lbp/L 9Ss ub}{ cu]gfdf v:of] . wGg lk7f] kfgLdf
d'l5P/ ;fx|f] eO{;s]sf]n] kf]lvPg . lbp/L p7fpFbf
tft]sf] laF8n] p;sf] xft g/fd|f; ] FUf 8fDof] .
;flxFnL emg\ g/fd|f; ] FUf kmtkmtfO{ æs'nËf/x? ca
t cf7 aif{sf eO;s] clncln ;3fpg' gL Û
9n]sf] l;Gsf] p7fpg] xf]Ogg\, lbgel/ To;sf
afpsf] sf§f] vf]Hb} a/flnG5g\, ufpF–ufFp 8'N5g\ .
;flxFnLn] cfwf sfFrf] cfwf kfs]sf] l9F8f] ptf/L
clg t/sf/L agfpgnfO{ 8]lSr a;fn]/ l;l;sf]
km]bdf ePsf] lgyf/lkyf/ rf/yf]kf t]n xfnL clg
uf]8f bz]s u]8f d]yL km'/fO clg b'O rf/ cf]6f
v';f{gL efFr]/ t]ndf k8\sfpFb} Tolx lk7f]sf] kmfF8f]
agfO{ . t/, olta]nf ;Ddklg xs]{ / eu]F/L
cfPsf lyPgg . 6'ls dw'/f] eP/ lgEof] . ;flxFnLn]
xfjfn] lgefof] sL eg]/ km]l/ afNg vf]hL t/ t]n
;lsP/ ;n]bf] klg hln;s]sf] lyof] . ds}sf]
vf]ofsf] lasf]{ nufP/ /fv]sf] dl§t]nsf] l;;L x]/L
/ lgyf/kyf/ kfbf{klg Psyf]kf klg em/]g .
cFug] fdf clnslt lemuFl6 xfn]/ cfuf] bGsfO{
oltj]nf ;Ddklg xs]{ / eu]F/L cfPsf lyPgg\ .
;flxFnL l/;n] r'/ ePsL lyO{ . aflx/ lg:s]/
lrRofO{ P Û xs]{===========xs]{===========xf]]========== ÛÛ P
Û eu]F/L=========== eu]F/L xf]=================.
;flxFnLsf] cfjfh ufpF l5rf]n]/ w]/} 6f9f
;Dd k'Uof] clg cfkm}F;FUf kmTkmtfO{ sxfF uP5g\
dg{ g;s]sf vfgsf sfnx? . x] Û eujfg d}n]
s:tf 5f]/f5f]/L hGdfP5' < lbpF;f] hxfF x/fPklg
eF'8Ldf xfNg t cfpg' lg ÛÆ
ufpF emndn pHofnf] lyof] . l;jfo
;flxnLsf] 3/ 5f8]/ . xs]{ / eu]F/L sxfF lyP s'lGg
;flxFnLn] af]nfPkl5 8/fP/ n';'Ss 3/ cfOk'u] .
ætFnfO{ xl/of] afF;n] afFWg' kg]{ d'bf{/ Û eGb}
;flxFnLn] xs]{nfO{ yKk8 nufO{, xs]{ ;'Ss ;'Ss ?Fb}
s'gflt/ 9]lkof] . ;flxFnLsf] l/; cem} dl/;s]sf]
lyPg . tFnfO a]:of t]/f oL huN6fnfO{ gs]nfO{
sxFf 5f8\5' / Û eGb} eFu]/Lsf] r'N7f] ;dft]/
hfOnfuL . eFu]/L s;f]u/L pDs]/ leq bu'/L
;flxFnLsf] xftdf eFu]/Lsf] skfn afFw]sf] wfuf] dfq
afFls /x\of] .
h:t} l/;fPklg cfdfsf] dg g xf], bz}Fsf]
a]nf ;a}sf] 3/df oqf] v'l;ofnL 5 t/ cfkm\gf]
3/sf] cj:yf eg] o:tf] 5 . s]6fs]l6 v]Ng uPsf
lyP xf]nfGf\ d}n] o;/L ;femFsf] a]nf xft} 5f]8\g
gx'g], plgx?sf] pd]/ g} o:t} xf], ;flxFnLn] ;f]rL
dgdg} . stf–stf p;nfO{ g/dfOnf] nfUof],
k5'tf] eof] . xs]{ leQfdf d'G6f] c8\ofP/ ;'FSs
22
 d'UnfgL ;f}uft 4}dfl;s
;'FSs ?Fb} lyof] . ;flxFnLn] xs]{sf] xft ;dft]/ leq ;kgf ufpF, al:t clg zx/ ahf/ htftt}
nlu, eFu]/L s'gfk6L ;'Ss–;'Ss /f]O /x]sL lyO . afFl8Psf] lyof] . ;flxFnf] gofFg]kfn;Fu} kmls{P/
eFu]/LnfO{ klg xft ;dft]/ b'j}nfO{ cFu]gfsf] cfpF5 eg]/ cfZjf;g lbg]x? eGy] . t/, v}}
glhs} /flv clg cFu]gfdf leFmu6L yk]/ cfuf] cfh;Dd gofFgk] fn g} cfof] g t ;flxFnf] g} .
afnL, 3/ pHofnf] eof] . ;flxFnLn] b'O{j6f hgtfsf] lglDt u5f}F{ eg]/ uPsf sd|]8x? clg
l;lne/sf] yfndf l9F8f] kl:sP/ b'O{–b'O{ 8f8' cfkm'nfO{ hgtfsf] g]tf ;f]Rg] ;dfhjfbLx?nfO{ g}
kmfF8f] xflnlbO{ / elg vfcf] Û ld7f] kf] s] xf]nf / yfxf gePsf] lar/L ;flxFNfLnfO{ s] yfxf gofF
v} < xs]{ / eFu]/L b'j}n] Ps Ps ufF; l98f] lgn] . g]kfn slxn] aG5 clg ;flxFnf] slxn] kmls{P/
cfdf Û ltdL klg vfpgÆ xs]{n] eGof] . ;flxFnLn] cfpF5 < st} tkfOnfO{ yfxf 5 sL gofF g]kfn
klg yfndf Ps bflanf] l98f] xfnL / b'O 8f8' slxn] aG5 <
kmfF8f] vGofO{ clg Pp6f xl/of] v';f{gL ldr]/ l9F8f]
vfg yfnL . xs]{n] l9F8f]sf] ufF; xfNb} eGof], dfs/–$,gjnk/f;L
æcfdf, lbpF;f] rf}tf/Ldf ;f+:s[lts sfo{qmd lnP/ xfn M bf]xf, stf/ .
dfG5]x? cfPsf lyP .
s] eof] t < ;flxnLn] ;f]lw, 
gfFr], ufP clg efif0f klg u/], xs]{n] eGof] .
efif0fdf s] eg] tÆ, ;flxFnLn] km]l/ ;f]lw <
b'O{ ?jfO{
kmfF8f]df rf]js ] f] l9F8f]sf] 8Nnf] 3fFl6 tGsfpFb}  lblnk clj/n
s'Kkn'Ss lgn]/ eFu]/Ln] egL, æcfdf tL dfG5]x?n] u}8+ f h:t} dfof u/L,cfkm\gf] 7fGg] slt slt
gofFg]kfn agfpg] /] Û To;kl5 sf]lx ef]s} cfkm\g} ufpF3/sf, s'/f hfGg] slt slt
a:g'kb}{g /] Û ;fx'sf] 3/df h:t} ;a}sf] 3/df oxfF dfof k|d] >4f, ;b\efj ug]{ t/
ld7f] ld7f] kfS5 /] Û ;a}n] /fd|f] /fd|f] nufpg ld7f s'/f kl:sP/,5'/f xfGg] slt slt ..
kfpF5g\ /] Û ;a}s f] 3/df 3/df ljh'nL alQ aN5
/] Û xfdL klg dlGb/ k:g kfOG5 /] Û kFw]/f]df ul/asf] em'k8Ldf eg,s] vfG5f} ofqL
xfdLn] klg cfkm\g} kfnf]df kfgL eg{ kfp5f} /] Û xTof lx+;f a9L/xFbf,;Kt/ËL s] nfpF5f} ofqL
gofFgk] fndf t sf]x L ;fgf], sf]xL 7'nf] xF'b}gf} /] Û htftt} kfk?kL k+IfLx?,p8\of a]nf
;a} dfG5] a/fa/L x'G5g\ /] Û Tolx eGy] . p;n] kfk df]rg ug{nfO{,s'g dlGb/ hfG5f} ofqL ..
lbpF;f]sf] s'/f km//// ;'gfO{ cfdfnfO{ .
dw'dNnf df]/Ë
eFu]/L Psl5g /f]sLP/ km]l/ af]nL æcfdf,
gofFg]kfn ag]kl5 xfdLn] klg ;]n/f]l6,c;f{ xfn M cnvf]/,stf/ .
agfpg] x} <
;flxFnLn] s]lx hjfkm glbO kmfF8f]df rf]k]sf]
l9F8f] d'vdf xfnL .  z'esfdgf 
eFu]/Ln] Psl5g 3f]/LP/ km]l/ ;f]wL æcfdf
gofFgk] fn slxn] aG5 <
@)^^ ;fnsf] a8fbz}+ tyf
ægofFgk] fnÆ ;flxFnL olQ dfq af]nL c? z'ebLkfjnLsf] cj;/df b]z
s]lx af]Ng ;lsg . PsfPs ;flxFnLsf cfFv f el/P/
cfP . stf stf dgdf ufF7f] k/] h:t} x'g yfNof] . lab]zdf 5l/P/ /xg' ePsf
p;sf] dlit:sdf ;ftaif{ cl3sf] Ps ;fFemsf] ;d:t g]kfnL bfh'efO{ tyf
b[io emNemnL b]lvg yfNof] . el/Psf cfFvfdf
cl8g g;s]/ cfFz' a/////// emg{ yfn] . Tof] lblbalxgLdf xflb{s d+undo
;fFem eFu]/L k]6d} lyO{, xs]{ sfvdf lyof] . ;flxFnf], z'esfdgf JoQm ub{5f}+ .
clg ;flxFnL cfhs} ;fFemdf em} b'Mv ;'vsf s'/f
ub}{ l9F8f] / kmfF8f] lgNb} lyP . PsfPs kGw| la;
hgfsf] x'4fn] ;flxFnf]nfO{ ha{h:tL 3f]qmofpFb}
lnP/ uPsf lyP . Tof] a]nf klg gofFg]kfnsf] d'UnfgL ;f}uft kl/jf/
23

k|jf;df ?g
 zlQm a= If]qL
gcfpg' efO{ k|jf;df ?g
ToxL lxdfn, kxf8 / t/fO{;Fu /dfpg'
xnf] hf]t]/ x'G5 sL xft 3f]6]/ x'G5
cfˆg} b]zleq /f]hL sdfpg'
u'xf/ dfUb} lrRofO{/x]sf zlxbsf
dsf{ a'‰g] sf]lz;df h'6\g"
dfgj t:s/L, 3';vf]/Lx?sf]
lj?¢df n8\b} bLg bM'vLx?sf] lxtdf p7\g'
s'lNnsf] e]ifdf xfdL g]kfnLx?
k/fO{ d'n'snfO{ l;+uf/L /x]sf 5f}+
cfˆgf] b]zsf] OHht, dfg–dof{bf
laufl//x]sf 5f}+
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xfdLnfO{ g} yfxf 5}g
xfd|f] OHht v':s]/ sxfF uO{;Sof]
;S5f} eg] efO{ dfgj t:s/Ldf vf]lnPsf
wGbfx? aGb ug{ p7
ef]s / ljnfkdf cflQP/ k/fO{sf
b}nf 9'Sg]x?sf] hdftnfO{ /f]Sg' ...
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lsg dnfO{ em'6f] dfof ltldn] nufof}
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] df PSn} ?g afWo g} agfof}
ltd|f] rfx lyPg t lsg glhs cfof} <
cfkmGt em} dg d'6d' f af; dflu /x\of} .
dfof u5'{ ltldnfO{ eGb} glhs lsg cfof}
ltd|} sfvdf a:5' ;bf a'em dnfO{ eGof}
lsg dnfO{ em'6f] dfof ltldn] nufof}
of] k|b]zdf PSn} ?g afWo g} agfof} .
l/lQ ;Sof5' x} eGbf d e/f}nf eGYof}
;fFrf] dfof ltd|f] nflu ul//x'Fnf eGYof} .
dg d'6d ' f ltd|f] dfq gfd n]Vof5' eGYof}
ge'Ng' x} slxNo} dnfO{ gq d5{' eGYof} .
lsg dnfO{ em'6f] dfof ltldn] nufof}
of] k|b]zdf PSn} ?g afWo g} agfof} .
sbdk'/–^,cfbd6f/ wflbª
xfn M bf]xf,stf/ .
d'UnfgL ;f}uft 4}dfl;s
/x:o
;'jf; n'O6]n
wf]sf rfxfG5f} eg] s;}dfly ljZjf; ul/ x]/
dfofg} rfxfG5f} eg] s;}nfO{ 3[0ff ul/ x]/
rGb|dfsf] lztn rfxfG5f} eg] ;'o{sf] t]h alg x]/
k"l0f{dfsf] /ft rfxfG5f} eg] cf}FzLsf] /ft x]g]{ u/
kljq u+uf aGg] rfxfgf 5 eg] afudtL alg x]/
dlGb/ uP/ a:g' 5 eg] dxn Toflu x]/
clg aNn kfpg] 5f} of] ;+;f/sf] /x:o
aflx/L vf]qmf]kg clg lelq /x:o n's]sf] 5
csf{nfO{ em'k8Ldf n'sfP/ cfkm' dxndf r9]sf]
lj:jf;df wf]sf, dfofdf 3[0ff lztndf
pHofnf]df cWofF/f] kljq u+ufdf kmfxf]/
ePsf] oxL xf] cfw'lgs sfnsf] /x:o n's]sf] 5 .
nbfld/ —&,l;Gw'nL
Email, ram_kumar845@yahoo.com
af“Rg ljjz 5'
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8fF8f sfF8fx?;Fu /dfpFb,}
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d?e"l dsf] jfn'jfdf x]bf{ x]b}{ yfsL ;s]sf] 5'
j}/L ;fd' d s]jn ljjz gf/L cl:tTjnfO{
xTs]nfdf /fv]/ rNb}5'
cfˆg} Aoyf;Fu axFb}
s]xL zAb sf]//]
s] kfpg cfPF < lsg cfPF <
d cfkm}nfO{ yfxf 5}g}
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dnfO{ g} ;f]lw/x]sf] xf]nf
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n'Dn] – $, sf:sL
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24
 d'UnfgL ;f}uft 4}dfl;s
cfwf cfsfz===============ÛÛ
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kqklqsfx?df ue{ktg ;DjlGw sfg'g ckgfO{ lgwf{l/t of]Uotf k'us ] f] Ohfht k|fKt
agfpg cfb]z eGg] lzif{ssf] ;dfrf/ k9]F . :jf:Yosld{n] ue{ktg u/fPsf]df o; dxn
;jf]Rr cbfntsf Gofolw;4o sNof0f >]i7 / adf]lhd ue{ t'xfPsf] dflgb}g . ue{ktg ug]{
/fh]Gb| k|;fb sf]O/fnfsf] ;+o'Qm Ohnf;n] o:tf] dlxnfsf] d~h'/Ln] afx|xKtf ;Ddsf] ue{ktg
cfb]; hf/L u/]sf] /x]5 . ;fy} ue{ktg ug{ rfxg] u/]sf]df, hj/h:tL s/0fL jf xf8gftf s/0fLaf6
dlxnfsf] nflu d'n'se/ o:tf] ;]jf la:tf/ ug{sf /xg uPsf] c7f/xKtf ;Ddsf] ue{kTfg u/fPdf,
;fy} cfj:os sf]ifsf] klg Joj:yf ue{ktg gu/fPdf ue{ af]Sg]
ug{ ;/sf/nfO{ lgb]{zg dlxnfsf] Hofgdf vt/f x'G5
lbOPsf] /x]5 . eGGf] ePdf lghsf]
s'/f /fd|f] :jf:Yo zfl/l/s jf
5, cToGt} ‘g]kfnsf] sfg'gL Joa:yf cg';f/ ue{ktg ug]{ dfgl;s ?kn]
k|z+:flgo 5 . dlxnfsf] d~h'/Ln] afx|xKtf ;Ddsf] ue{ktg v/fj x'g
xfd|f] u/]]df, hj/h:tL s/0fL jf xf8gftf s/0fLaf6 ;S5 of
;dfhdf /xg uPsf] c7f/xKtf ;Ddsf] ue{kTfg ue{sf]
ue{ktg aRRff
eGg] u/fPdf, ue{ k tg gu/fPdf ue{ af]
S g] ljsnfË
ljlQs} dlxnfsf] Hofgdf vt/f x'G 5 eGGf] ePdf, hGdg
unt lghsf] :jf:Yo zfl/l/s jf dfgl;s ?kn] ;Sg]
cy{ v/fj x'g ;S5 of ue{sf] aRRff ljsnfË ;Defjgf
nufpF5g\ hGdg ;Sg] ;Defjgf 5 eGGf] s'/f of]Uotf 5 eGGf]
. ;dfh s'/f
ue{ktgsf]
k|
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B tf lrlsT;ssf]
5 . cfh k|fKt ub{5 .’ /fo eO{ o:tf]
PSsfO;f}+ cf+} dlxnfsf] d~h'/Ln]
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;dfhdf 5f]/Lr]nLn] cfkm'n] pk/f]Qm sfg'gL Joj:yf cg';f/
rfx]sf] a]nfdf ;Gtfg hGdfpg / ue{k tg ug{ ue{kQg u/fpFbf ue{k tgn] j]Btf k|fKt ug{
kfpFb}gg\ . ;dfhsf] 8/ / nfhn] kl5 k5{g . g]kfn ;/sf/n] tf]s] adf]lhd k|s[of ckgfP/
o:tf] x'gd' f hgr]tgf / clzIffsf] sf/0f ljBdfg dfq xf]Og sL lgwf{l/t of]Uotf k"/f u/]sf]
5 . ;fy}, c;'/lIft ue{ktgn] Hofg ;d]tnfO{ Ohfhtkq k|fKt Zjf:YosdL{n] ue{ktg u/fPsf]
hf]lvddf kf/]/ d[To" ePsf 36gf oqtq ;'lgPs} x'g'k5{ . gq lagf of]Uotfsf] JoflQmn] ue{kQg
5g\ . ue{ktgsf] ;DjGwdf g]kfn ;/sf/n] u/fPdf j]B ue{ktg dflgb}g . ctM ue{ktg
pbf/tf b]vfP/ g} d'n'sL P]gsf] P3f/f}F ;+;f]wgn] ;DjlGw ;Dk"0f{ s'/f sfg'gdf pNn]v 5 . km]l/
ue{kTfgnfO{ km/flsnf] agfPs} 5 . d'n'sLP]gsf] s:tf] vfnsf] ue{ktg ;DjlGw sfg'g agfpg
Hofg;DjlGw dxnsf] bkmf @* df :ki6 kf/]s} 5 cfb]; lbPsf] xf] clxn] < g]kfndf aiff{df;sf]
. o;} dxnsf] clwgdf /x]/ ue{ktg u/fPdf Rofp pd|]h:tf] ul/ hxfFtxfF ;lhnf] ;j{;'ne /
j}w ue{ktg dflgG5 . s:tf s:tf ue{ktgnfO{ e/kbf]{ uf]klgotf /fVg] ul/ ue{ktg u/fpg]
j}w ue{kQg eGg] s'/fdf d'n'sLP]gsf] Hofg d]/L:6f]e ;]G6/ v'n]s} 5 . km]l/ sfg'g agfpg /
;DjlGw dxnsf] bkmf @* sf] ‘v’ df b]xfo hgr]tgf km}nfpg] cfb]z clxn] cfof] sfg'g df
cj:yfdf g]kfn ;/sf/n] tf]lsPsf] k|so[ f d'n'sLP]g ;+;f]wg eP/ @)%* d} nfu" eO;s]sf]
25

5 . d]/L:6f]esf] ;]jf lj:tf/ t ljut $—% aif{
b]lv g]kfndf k|rlnt 5 . of] s] xf] <
dfly pNNf]v ul/P adf]lhdsf] cj:yf
k/]df ue{ktg ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] s'/f ;+zf]lwt
d'n'sLP]g df 5b} 5 . k]ml/ s:tf], slTf sfg'g
agfpg] < hlt h:tf] sfg'g agfP klg To;sf]
sfof{Gjogdf hf]8 lbg'k5{ . sfg'g, b08, ;hfodf
;do;Fu} kl/jt{g ub}{ n}hfg' k5{ . olb sfg'gnfO{
Jofjxf/df nfu" ug]{ xf] eg] sfof{Gjog, b08
hl/jfgf klg TolQs} bl/nf] agfOg' k5{ . ;s[o
sfof{Gjog eof] eg] sfg'gsf] kfngf x'G5 .
ck/fw @)^^ sf] t/ ;hfo / b08, hl/jfgf
!(!) sf] d'n'sL P]gdf ePsf] Jofj:yf cg';f/sf]
5 . s;/L sfg'g afWosf/L x'G5 . h;/L sfg'g df
;+;f]wg ul/G5 To;}ul/ ;hfo / sfof{Gjogdf
klg kl/jt{g ub}{ hfg'k5{ .
ue{ktg ;DjlGw sfg'g agfpFbf clxn]
Joj:yf ul/Psf] eGbf bfo/f km/flsnf] kfg'k{ 5{ /
ue{ktg ;DjlGw ljs[lt / lj;+utLnfO{ k|;o lbg]
vfnsf] agfO{g' xF'b}g . vfnL sf]/f sfg'gn]
;dfhdf ljs[lt dfq NofpF5 . s'g}klg s'/f
Ps}rf]l6 kl/jt{g ug{ vf]Hg' xF'b}g . kl/jt{gsf]
nflu hgr]tgf / lzIff g} d'Vo laifo xf] .
;dfhdf kl/jf/ lgof]hgsf / ;'/lIft
of}g;Dks{sf pkfox?sf] k|rf/ k|;f/ ul/of] eg]
c;'/lIft ue{ /xb}g / JoflQm ;dfh cfkm} ;r]t
x'g'k5{ . h;/L clxn] Ifo/f]usf] cf}ifwL g]kfnsf
:jf:Yo ;+:yfdf ;j{;n ' e tl/sfn] pknJw 5 . xf]
o:t} tl/sfn] ue{ktg u/fpg rfxg] dlxnfn] klg
of] ;'ljwf ;j{;'ne / lgz'Ns ?kdf k|fKt ug{
;Sg] sfg'g / jftfj/0f lgdf{0f ug'{ cfhsf]
cfjfZostf xf] .
sf7df08f}+ .
 r'Dagsf y'Ëfx? km]l/b} a;Gtdf
b'O d'Qms
plgzf cfrfo{
lbof} l;Gb'/ l;pFbf] el/ Gofgf] ltd|f] ;fy 5}g
ltd|f] ofbdf slNkP/ g/f]Psf] /ft 5}g
hLjgsf] uf]/6] f]sf ;xofqL xfdL b'O{
ltdL kfl/ d jfl/ ;Fu;Fu} xft 5}g ..
km'n]sL 5' nflndo u'/fF; alg kfvfel/
au]sL 5' t[i0ff af]sL :jlKgn lo cfFvfel/
ltdL lagf cw'/f] ef] hLjgsf] lrqklg
ltd|f] cefj v8\sL /x\of] j}+; tfg]{ gfsfel/ ..
sf7df08f}+ .
Od]n M unisha_g@yahoo.com
d'UnfgL ;f}uft 4}dfl;s
uhn
 ;fg' 3fon ;+3if{
b]Vg kfpF lxdfn h:t} s~rg ltdLnfO{
z'esfdgf 5 d'UnfgL 5g\5g\ ltdLnfO{
kf]v/] lj/x j]bgf kfgf el/ el/
vf]Ng}k5{ dgleqsf] ld7f] uGyg ltdLnfO{
b]j clg c;'/n] cd[t laifnfO{ lgsfn] em}+
ug'5
{ ;flxTosf] ;fu/ dGyg ltdLnfO{
km'Nof} eg] dudu ;hfpFnf ltd|f] gfd
nufO{ lbG5' lgwf/df rGbg ltdLnfO{
b]Vg kfpF lxdfn h:t} s~rg ltdLnfO{
z'esfdgf 5 d'UnfgL 5g\5g\ ltdLnfO{ ..
d}bL–(, s'b'“jf6f/
wflbª .
Ufhn
 Gfj/fh lj=s c6n
lglZrttfdf lt km"nsf cd[tdf Zjf; lyP
hb{ laifn] el/Psf] lz/dfly nfz lyP
xb};DDf lt km"nn] Ifl0fstfsf] /ª afF8]
cfpg] hfg] cl3kl5 vfnL pgs} bf; lyP
ljxfgLsf lzt h:t} 6lNsPsf bfgfx?
kmlqmP/ kq kq lbg lbg} x|f; lyP
sf8fFx? kG5fP/ xtf;df l6Kg vf]Hbf
glrGGf] oxfF Pp6} s'z / sfF; lyP
a];/dn] k/fu;]rg ;xjf; lyP ..
tgx“'
xfnM bf]xf,stf/ .
cGt/f{li6«o g]kfnL ;flxTo ;dfh
stf/ RofK6/sf] k|s fzg
;flxTobLk
cw{aflif{s
vf]hL vf]hL k9f}+ .
26
 d'UnfgL ;f}uft 4}dfl;s
sljtf
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 tLy{ ;+ud /fO{

-
-

27

pb\3f]if=============ÛÛÛ
d / d]/f] anfTs[t snd
b]zdf /f]huf/ / zflGt ;'/Iffsf] Aoj:yf
gx'Fbf cfˆgf] cfly{s kIfnfO{ ;kmn agfpg egf+}
of laxfg a]ns ' fsf] 5fs 6fg]{ / Ps;/f] nufpg]
;d:ofaf6 lkl8t eP/ egf} jf laleGg ;d:ofsf
sf/0f cfh ;f/f g]kfnL
dlxnf tyf k'?ifx?
j}b]lzs /f]huf/sf]
lznl;nfdf ljZjsf]
ljleGg s'gfdf k'Ug
;kmn ePsf 5g\ ..
;j}sf] d'Vo p¢]Zo k};f
sdfpg' g} xf] . cfh
Ps tTYofÍ cg';f/
b}lgs ^)) g]kfnL
o'jfx? j}b]lzs
/f]huf/sf] nflu lqe'jg cGt/f{li6«o Po/kf]6{df
nfO{g nfUb5g\ . o;} df}sfsf] kmfO{bf p7fO{
d]gkfj/ / bnfnx?n] ;f]emf—;femf g]kfnLx?nfO{
ljleGg nf]e / ;kgf b]vfP/ dgUo k};f c;'nL
cfˆgf] vlNt ebf{klg ;DjlGwt lgsfo / ;/sf/sf]
s'g} Wofgcfsif{0f gx'Fbf vf; u/]/ c/jdf k'Ug]
g]kfnLx?n] eg]sf] sfd / kfl/>lds gkfpFbfsf]
lk8f, / clzIff clg c1fgtfsf] sf/0f csfndf
Hofg} u'dfpg' k/]sf 36gfx? lbg k|ltlbg a9\bf]
5 . log} s'/fnfO{ Wofgdf /fvL o:tf 36fgfx?
cjsf lbgdf c? g]kfnLx?n] ef]Ug' gk/f];\,
s]xLxb ;Dd ePklg o:tf k|j[ltaf6 6f9} /x'g
eGg] dxfg ;f]r / p¢]Zosf ;fy lzj/fh uf}td
/ d wg]Zj/ lh=;L= b'j}sf] jf}l¢s / cfly{s
j/fj/L nufgLdf u/f} eGg] df}lvs ;xdltdf
n]lvPsf] lyof] stf/ / stf/sf g]kfnL gfds
hfgfsf/Ld'ns k':ts . j}bl] zs /f]huf/jf6 ar]sf]
;donfO{ ;b'kof]u ul/ g]kfnL snf, efiff /
;flxTodf nufO{ cfˆgf] ;+:s[lt arfpg ljleGg
;fdflhs ;+3;+:yfx? Vff]ln AolQmTj ljsfz /
;fdflhs ljsf;df ;dlk{t ePsf] c? b]zdf
eGbf bf]xf stf/df cem al9 kfO{G5 . o;df klg
ljleGg lawfdf s[ltx? lgsfnL lbg k|ltlbg
;flxlTos jfÎdodf O{§f yKg] sfd eO{ /x]sf] 5 .
h:n] ubf{ ;flxTodo jg]sf] 5, bf]xf stf/ .
o;l/ cfˆgf] ult lnO{/x]sf] ;flxTonfO{ cfˆgf]
d'UnfgL ;f}uft 4}dfl;s
 wg]Zj/ lh;L
d'l¶df lnO{ xltof/ jgfP/ lbgbxf8} xhf/f}
dflg;sf] cfFvfdf kl§ afFw]/ s;}sf] sndnfO{
anfTsf/ ul/Psf] 5 . sDKo"6/df efO{/;n] cfqmd0f
u/] em}+ ;flxTo / n]vg If]qdf klg cfkm}+ cfkm'nfO{
;j{dfGo n]vs ;lDemg]
lzj/fh uf}tdn] cfk'm
?vdfly r9]/ km]b sf6\g ]
sfd u/]sf 5g\ .
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s;}sf] Joltmut
cfrf/;lx+tfnfO{ dfq
xf]O{g k"/f g]kfnL
;flxTonfO{ g} anfTsf/
ul/ r'gf}lt lbPsf 5g\
uf}tdn] . of] syf k9]kl5
tkfOx?nfO{ bGt] syf nfUg ;S5 t/ hf] sf]xLn]
klg ;To 36gf elg olsg g} ug'{ x'g] 5}g, lsgsL
of] eGbf cl3 k};fsf] nflu ;flyn] ;flynfO{ afa'n]
5f]/fnfO{ / bfh'n] efO{nfO{ / dfof k|]ddf dfq o:tf
36gf x'Gy] t/ ;flxTodf o:tf 36gf slxNo} klg
;'Ggdf klg cfPsf lyPgg\ . sndlhljx? k|fozM
d[To' kZrft g} cfˆgf] gfd rn]sf] x'G5 t/ oxfF
pgn] lhljtd} cfk'mnfO{ cu|k+lQdf k'¥ofpg vf]h]sf]
b]lvof] of] /fd|f] s'/f xf] t/ s;}n] tkfO{ egf];
gegf]; cfkm}+ dkfO{ slt dgfl;j xf] < of] s'/f
pg}nfO{ yfxf xf]nf .
/D3f stf/ ;]jf;ldltn] l8;]Dj/ !@ ;g\ @))*
sf lbg g]kfnL b'tfjf; bf]xf,stf/sf] ;ef sIfdf
sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf ul/ dxfdlxd /fhb't >L 8f=
;'o{gfy ld>Ho" s} xftjf6 ljdf]rg ePsf] k':ts
stf/ / stf/sf g]kfnL tof/ kfbf{ kfb}{ d]/f] 3/df
clt g} h?/L sfd kl/ Od{h]G;L 3/ hfg' kg]{ eof] .
To;sf/0f ;j} tof/ kfl/Psf] stf/ / stf/sf
g]kfnL k':tssf] kfG8'l nlk lzj/fhsf] xftdf ;'lDkg'
k/]sf] lyof] . ;+;f/ g} Pp6f ljZjf;df c8]sf] 5
eg]kl5 cfˆg} lxt};L ldqn] dnfO{ o;/L 3ft
ub{5g\ eGg] d df s'g} z+sf x'g] s'/} ePg . d
cfˆgf] uGtJo tkm{ nfu] Ps dlxgfsf] cGTolt/
uf}tdn] k7fPsf] d]nn] d]naS; el/Psf] lyof] .
pxfFn] n]v] d'tfljs d cfˆgf kfO{nfO{ cl3 a9fpg
afWo eP lsgsL xfdL b'Os { f] cleofg 7"nf] lyof] .
28

sf7df08f} cfO{ lbPsf] gDa/df sn ubf{
pzfhL;Fu d]/f] e]6 eof] . pxfFnfO{ ;j} sfddf
lgb{]z ul/Psf] /x]5 . d}ltb]lj l:yt Ps
5fkfvfgfdf xfdL k'Uof}+ . leq Ps sf]7f el/
stf/ / stf/sf g]kfnL k':ts el/ e/fp lyP .
Ps k':ts df s] d]/f cfFvf k'u]sf] lyof] d x]/]sf]
x]/} eP . dnfO{ k':tssf] n]vssf] x}l;otaf6
x6fP/ s'gfdf ;xof]uL elg :yfg lbO{Psf] lyof] .
leq x]/] slt n]v fO{x? ck"/f lyP . xfd|f] df}lvs
;Demf}tfnfO{ uf}tdhLn] tf]8\b} cfk'mnfO{ dfq} n]vs
elg xfO{nfO6 ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . o;sf] jf/]df
pzfhL / 5fkfvfgfnfO{ s]xL eGg} rflxg lsgsL
bf]if plgx?sf] lyPg . plgx? x's'ddf rn]sf lyP
. of] s'/f dnfO{ /fd|};Fu yfxf lyof] / d}n] lg0f{o
u/] clxn] of] laifodf ljjfb ug'{eGbf klg a}b]lzs
/f]huf/Lsf] lznlznfdf stf/ hfg rfxfg]x ?sf
lglDt of] k':ts cToGt} h?/L ePsfn] o;nfO{
;a}sf] xftdf k'¥ofpg' k5{ . of] k':tssf] nIo
d}n] gfd sdfp eGbfklg j}bl] zs /]ld6\ofG;n] g}
rn]sf] xfd|f] b]zdf l56f] of] k':tsnfO{ g]kfnL
o'jfx?sf] xft—xftdf k'¥ofpg' kb{5 eGg] ;f]rsf
;fy k|sfzg vr{ ga'e mfPsf]n] aflx/ hfg
/f]lsPsf] k':tsnfO{ /sd a'emfO{ lnP/ cfpg' g}
d]/f] 7"nf] ulNt lyof] / ToxL d]/f] sdhf]/Lsf]
kmfO{bf p7fO{ d]/f] 3fF6L lyRbf klg d}n] rfn} kfO{g
. dnfO{ lsg o;/L kl5 kfg'{ ePsf] uf}tdhL <
k':ts t kf08'lnkL cg';f/ t 5}g lg, eGg] d]/f]
k|Zgsf] pt/df Tof] klxnfsf] cf]lh{gn kfG8'lnkL
t piffn] cs}{ 5fkfvfgfdf lbPsL /lx5g\ / ToxfF
w]/} /sd eg]kl5 l;=8L jfk; dfUbf l;=8L= x/fof]
elg glbPsf]n] d}n] km]l/ csf]{ l;=8L= jgfO{
k7fPsf] xf] . o:tf] kf] eP5 elg ;lhn} dnfO{
yfËgf]df ;'tfpbf ;d]t d lsg ldqtfdf kmf6f]
Nofpg] elg r'k nflu j;]sf] lyP . PsfPs bf]>f]
;+:s/0f lgsfNbf dnfO{ s]xL vj/} gul/ d]/f] gfd
hlt ;j} k':tsjf6 lgsfnL tof/ kfl/Psf] lyof]
.
o;} ;+:s/0fnfO{ hgk|Toglzn ;ldltn]
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sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf ul/ dxfdlxd /fhb't >L
8f= ;'og{ fy ld>Ho" s} xftaf6 ljdf]rg u/fPsf]
s'/f /fhwfgL ;fKtflxsdf 5flkPkl5 dfq dnfO{
yfxf x'g cfPsf] lyof] . o;/L ljgf ;f]r] ;Dem]
cfˆgf] dgdfgL ug]{ ;+:yfnfO{ s;/L ;fdfhLs
;+:yf eGg] < o:tf cfˆgf] gfdsf] nflu cfˆgf]
nIo g} e'n]/ ;fdflhs ;+3;:yfsf] gfpFdf
d'UnfgL ;f}uft 4}dfl;s
;dfhnfO{ emg\ cFWof/f]lt/ ws]Ng] ;+:yfsf] lgu/fgL
s:n] ug]{ < d eg] otf SofKk / sf]7fdf hfFb} klxnf]
k':tsnfO{ g} ljlqm ljt/0fdf g} nflu /x]5' . @))!
k|lt klxnf] lstfjdf d cfkm}n] ahf/ ;Dxfn]sf]
x'gfn] dnfO{ /fd|f];Fu yfxf 5 . stf/df %)) k|lt
lstfj klg lelqPsf] 5}g . kGw|;o k|lt stf uof]
< km]l/ bf];|f] efu %))! k|lt PSsf;L
lgsflnPsf] 5 . klxnf] ;+:s/0fn] gk'u]/
lgsfn]sf] xf] eg] klg lsg o;l/ gf6sLo sfo{
ug'{ k/]sf] n]vs Ho"n] < aflx/ eg] km]l/ klxnf]df
ePsf] sld sdhf]/Lx?nfO{ ;RrfO{P/ lgsfnLPsf]
xf] elg eGg' x'Fbf] /x]5 pxfFn] t/ k':ts k9\g]
hlt ;a} cGwf t 5}gg\ xf]nf lg < of] s:tf]]
lgot xf] pxfFsf] < hj ls lstfjsf] aflx/L se/
afx]s s'g} klg n]vnfO{ gofF /fVg' t k/} hfcf];
;'l¢s/0f klg ul/Psf] 5}g . z'esfdgf nufPt
n]vssf] dgsf s'/f ;Dd klg h:tfsf] To:t} slk
ul/Psf] 5 . >L % lbk]Gb| @))% df stf/ e|d0f
u/]sf] elg 5flkPsf] klxnf] c+ssf] 7'nf] sdhf]/LnfO{
;d]t bf];f| ] c+sdf slk g} ul/Psf] 5 . of] s:tf]
nHhf:kb s'/f] xf] < s] jLr jLrdf %), ^) hgf
JolQm / sDkgLsf] lj1fkg / z'esfdgf hj{h:tL
sf]Rb}df bf];f| ] ;+:s/0f aGb5 < t/ Pp6f s'/f eg]
n]vs Ho"n] bf]xfdf slt /}5g\ t g]kfnL Aoj;foLx?
eGg] s'/fnfO{ 5n{Ë kfg'{ ePsf] 5 . of] s'/fn] cjsf
cfpFbf lbgx?df sf]xL g]kfnLx? klg b'tfjf;sf] xn
s'/L j:g' k5{ h:tf] nfUb}g lsgsL k':ts lgsfNb}
5' eGbf dfq s'g} s'/fsf] cWoog gul/ ;xof]u
ug]{n] dnfO{ uf¥xf] k¥of], d km;] eGbf s;f] ;xof]u
gug{' xf]nf t <
of] k':tssf] nIo o;l/g} Aoj;foLx?af6
k};f c;'nL cfˆgf] vlNt dfq} eg'{ xf] t < of]
;+rf/sf] hdfgfdf oxfF bf]xf, stf/df cfˆgf]
hGdlbg b]lv lnP/ s'g} 6f]nsf ;fyLx? e]nf ePsf]
s'/fnfO{ ;d]t laleGg cgnfO{g ldl8of tyf ljleGg
kqklqsfdf b]Vg kfO{G5 . t/, oxfF olt dxfg sfo{
x'g nfUbf klg s;}nfO{ kQ} 5}g < ;j} lgGb|fdf d:t
/dfO{ /x]sf] j]nfdf ljdf]rg ul/Psf] 5 . of] lsg <
km]l/ cltly Ho"x? ;a} kmf]gs} e/df cfP/ Pp6}
k':tsnfO{ b'O{ rf]6L ljdf]rg ug'{ ePsf] 5 . of] lsg
< lsg ljdf]rg h:tf] kljq / dxfg sfo{nfO{
c5't kfg'{ ePsf] xf] < o;sf] eflubf/ sf] xf] t <
ef]ln d}n] klg of] k':tsdf s]xL Aoj;foLx?sf]
lj1fkg xfnL d]/f] Psn gfddf k|sfzg ubf{ x'G5 t
< o;/L n]vgdf klg v'§f tfgftfg k|jt[ Ln] ef]lnsf]
29
 d'UnfgL ;f}uft 4}dfl;s
kl/0ffd s:tf] x'g] xf] < sndn] sf]/]/ pHofnf] lbg] sljtf
j]nf, /fi6« bnbndf km;]sf] j]nf, s'g} lg0f{og} ug{
g;s]sf] j]nf, u[xo'¢n] b]znfO{ lgDtf lbPsf] j]nf
va/bf/ u/f}+
cj sndsf] o'¢ klg ylkof] eg] b]zn] s:tf]  s] Pd af]u6L
kl/0ffd ef]Ug' knf{ < s] s;}n] s'g} jf}l¢s / cof]Uo AoflQmnfO{ lgo'lQm lbg]
cfly{s nufgL gnufO{ s;}sf] /rfgfnfO{ olx sd{rf/L x'F elg kl/ro kq af]Sg]
k|ljwL ckgfP x'G5 t < ;ftj6f 3fddf uf]? em} v]fqm] g]tfsf e/f}6] k|jf;L k|ltlglwx?nfO{
lbg/ft hf]ltP/ k};f sdfpg' eGbf g]kfn d} j;]/ d'Unfgdf >d a]Rg ljj; cfTdfx?;Fu
o;l/ g} sndnfO{ anTsf/ ul/, ckx/0f u/L clglZrt /sd c;'nL ljhf]s u/fpg]
vNtL ebf{ x'G5 < oL ;j} k|Zgsf] hjfkm s:n] Ph]lG; gfds 7uGt] bnfnaflbx?nfO{
lbg] < oxfF k|Zgdf klg k|Zg p7]sf] 5 eg] of] s'/f hflto, Iflqo, jlu{o,lnlËo / wfld{s
g]kfnL ;dfhdf slt nHhf:kb ePsf] 5 t < Ph]G8f p7fO{ s'l;{ l6sfpg vf]Hg]nfO{
emg n]vg If]qsf] t s'/} gu/f} slt;Dd anfTs[t ;fdlGt tfgfzfx bnfn k'h F Ljfbx?nfO{
ePsf] eg]/ . s] o;/L x}sd rnfpg]nfO{ s]xL g]kfn / g]kfnLsf] cl:tTj xTof u/]/
sfg'g g} 5}g < oxfF k':ts n]Vg] b]lv, cfof]hs dfgljotfsf] /ut r':g]
ug]{b]lv, ljdf]rg ug]{b]lv, ;ldIff ug]{;Dd sf]xL dfgj?kL k/lhljx?nfO{
klg rf]vf] eP h:tf] dnfO{ nfUb}g . o;sf] r]nLnfO{ pHhn elj:o b]vfpg
eflubf/ sf] xf] t < clg d]/f] jf}l¢s / kfl/>lds lj/fgf] k/fOnfO{ zl// ;'Dkg afWo u/fpg]
t u'Dof] g} d}n] nuflg u/]sf] nufgLsf] klg dfG5] lsga]rsf Jofkf/L bnfn s;fxLx?nfO{
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klg s] jf:tjd} of] k':ts bf];|f] ;+:s/0f eGg g]t[Tjsf] s'l;{ cf]u6\g
nfos 5 t < o;sf] km};nf l56f] eGbf l56f] a'hj{' f xfFhLjfbx?nfO{
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km};nf x'g] 5 . ;bf ;j}sf] sndsf lgkx? 6f9f tfs]/ glhs xfGg]
ltvfl/P/ hfg]5g\ . ;dfhsf] cWofF/f]nfO{ klg dfgj?kL l;sf/L JjfF;fx?nfO{
k5fg{ ;Sg] sndn] lg/Gt/tf kfpg] 5 . cGoyf k|jf;df kbf]GGftLsf] cfzfdf kf}l8P/
sndx? Ps eP/ yflnPsf] n8fFO{sf] kl/0ffd rfKn';Lsf] aGwgdf a'lgP/
t/jf/sf] eGbf klg eofgs /xg] 5 . w]/} sndx? afFRg rfxfg] g/kz'x?nfO{
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h;/L . ljb'/ ( g'jfsf]6
E-mail : bkrissan_boss@yahoo.com

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p;n] lxhf]nfO{ kmls{P/ x]¥of] . clg ef]lnsf] sNkgf u¥of] . To;kl5 at{dfgdf cfkm'n] kl/jf/ /
cfkm\gL Kof/L kTgL k|ltsf] Jojxf/ / pgLx?sf] cfFzs ' f] ;lDemof] . PsfPs p;sf] dlyª\undf nfef
plDng yfNof] . cfkm' cfkm} hNg yfNof] kZrtfksf] Hjfnfdf . hLjgdf klxnf] k6s cfkm\gf] kl/jf/ k|lt
xif{laef]/ x'Fb} kl/jf/nfO{ ;bf v';L / ;'vL /fVg] c7f]6sf ;fy p;n] /S;L lkpg 5f8\of] / kl/jf/df v'zL
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cf]5ofgd} kTgLn] d;Lgf] :j/df 7§f ub}{ elg “P a'9f ltdL ca zzQm k"?if ePgf} /
st{Jolgi7 nf]Ug] klg /x]gf} . hfpm Ps lunf; cf}iflw lkP/ l5§} cfpm eg]/ cf]7df cf]7 hf]8]/ r'Djg
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30
 d'UnfgL ;f}uft 4}dfl;s
Zjf:Yo rrf{===============ÛÛÛ
df:s nufpg' dfq :jfOg n' af6 aRg' xf]O{g !
 8f= ;'lzn b]jsf]6f :jfOg ˆn'sf lhjf0f'x? v]nf}gfdf,sk8fdf, Kn]6df
s] xf] :jfOg n' < htf klg em'l08sf x'g ;S5g\ . o;}s f/0f oL
qf;sf] ?kdf b]vf k/]sf] j:t'x ?
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k|Zjf; k|0ffnLdf eg] aflx/ glg:sg'xf];\ . Hj/f] cfpg],lhpm b'Vg],
nfUg] /f]u xf] . o;n] 3fF6L b'Vg], gfs aUg] nufotsf nIf0fx? :jfOg
;'Fu'/df OGˆn'PGhf ˆn'sf nIf0f x'g ;S5g\ . tkfO{sf] Hj/f] cf}ifwL
;+qmd0f u/fpF5 . gvfOsg} sd ePsf] @$ 306f eGbf klxn] aflx/
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;'Fu'/x?df d[To' ;xfos l;4 x'g ;S5 .
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. xf] tkfO{ le8df hfg} kg]{5 jf tkfO{ :jo+d k|ltztsf d[To' ePsf] cg'dfg ul/G5 . Toltv]/sf]
la/fdL xf] eg] c?nfO{ g;/f]; eGg] lx;fadf ljZj hg;+Vofsf] sl/a @% k|ltzt dflg; of]
df:ssf] k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 t/ df:s nufpg' dfq /f]uaf6 u|l;t ePsf lyP . dxfdf/Ln] kfFr b]lv
o;af6 aRg] pkfo rflx+ xf]Og . o;sf] ;fydf bz s/f]8sf] Hofg lnPsf] cg'dfg ul/G5 .
lgoldt ?kdf ;fa'gkfgLn] xft w'g,] vf]Sbf ;g\ !(%& df Pl;ofaf6 km}lnPsf] dxfdf/Ln]
?dfnn] d'v 5f]Kg], cgfjZos ?kdf cfFvf, gfd sl/a rf/ s/f]8 krf; nfv cd]l/sLnfO{ ;+q mldt
cflbdf xft gnfg] cflb . kf/]sf] lyof] . To;dWo] ;Q/L xhf/ d/]sf lyP .
;kmfOdf Wofg lbg'xf];\ M !! aif{kl5 ;g\ !(^* b]lv !)^( ;Dddf
31
 d'UnfgL ;f}uft 4}dfl;s
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s/f]8 cd]l/sLnfO{ ;+qmldt kf/] klg sl/a t]lQ; km}ng ;S5 M–
xhf/sf] dfq Hofg uPsf] lyof] . o;}ul/ ;g\ vf]Sbf, xflR5pF
!(&^ df Ps xKtfleq kfFr;o ;}lgs ;+q mldt ubf{, r'Dag
ePsf lyP . ubf{, ;+qmldt
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dflg;df gfs, cfFvf /
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OGˆn'P Ghf vfPsf] cfwf/df eg] ;b}g{ .
h:t} b]lvg' :jfOg n'sf] pkrf/ M
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b'Vg], vfg dg lgoGq0f u5{ eGg] g;f]Rg'xf];\ t/ l;hgn ˆn'sf]
gnfUg], vf]sL la?4df eg] lgoldt vf]k nufpg' /fd|} s'/f xf] .
/ xflR5pF cfpg] h:tf nIf0f b]vfkb{5g\ . o;}u/L h;n] tkfO{nfO{ OGˆn'PGhfsf] sf/0f x'g;Sg]
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vfgf dg gnfUg' cflb . vf]kn] k|ltlqmof /lxt H3N2 HIV ju{sf]
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dxndf 5\of} d cf]8f/df 5' t/ xfdLn] 6]Sg] wtL{ a'h|'sx? . o; laifodf kSs} :jfy{ n's]sf] 5 .
Pp6} xf] . km/s olt 5 d}n] kmf6]sf] n'uf ul/an] s] g} ug{ ;S5 / x'g] vfg]x?n] j}1fgLs
nufPsf] 5' ltdLn] /+uLla/+uL nufPsL 5\of} cflv/ /ª glbPkl5 cflv/ ul/aLx?sf] lhGbuL ;8sdf
h] h:tf] vfP / nfP klg xfdL wtL{ dftfsf] g} ;l8g] t x}g < /, c/af}sf] dfgljo ;DktL To;}
;k'tx? g} xf} . of] ;;f+/df y'k|} ul/ax? 5f}+ . gi6 x'g] t x}g < ;f]Rg] a]nf cfPsf] 5 .
h;n] nufpg / vfg kfPsf 5}gg\ ltgLx?n] klg c:t' . .
7"nf] dxn / /fd|f] vfg] / nufpg] ;kgf kSs}
b]v]s} xf]nf x}g / < cflv/ lsg ul/anfO{ cnu

b[li6n] x]l/G5 t/ jfWotf 5 h;n] h;/L b]v]klg
37
 d'UnfgL ;f}uft 4}dfl;s
k|ltef kl/ro==========ÛÛ
;f“uLlts cfsfzdf pbodfg gIfqM hf]on
hLjg ;3if{l;n ePgg\ bz{sx? efj's ag]/ jxfFsf] snf
5 . olx ;fwgfsf] k|;:F ff ;d]t u/] . bfFtn] xf];\ of t
sygnfO{ 5f]P/ k5fl8af6 xftn] xf];\ jxfFsf] ;+uLt k|ltsf] ;fwgf
hLjg aUg / snfnfO{ xfdLn] ;Ddfg ug}{k5{ .
;Sof] eg] cfkm'n] ;a} k|sf/sf] ;+uLt ahfpg
hLjgsf] ;s]klg ¥ofk ;+uLtsf] af/]df jxfFsf] wf/0ff o:tf]
jf:tljs 5, æ¥ofk l6g]hx?n] dgk/fpg] ;+uLt xf] t/ of]
ljGb';Dd k'Ug ;bfjxf/ x'g ;Sb}g . of] ;+uLtsf] hgdfg;
;lsG5 . nug, plQs} ePsfn] o;nfO{ /fd|} b[li6sf]0f /fVg' k5{ .Æ
OdfGbf/Ltf / ;+uLt b'Mvsf] dNxd xf] eg]/ ;Flutdf ;fwgf/t
d]xgt g} ;kmn hf]on xfn bf]xfdf 5}gg\ . ldhfl;nf] efj's v'Nnf
hLjgsf] sl8 xf] lbnsf wgL hf]on cfkm}+ sDklgaf6 /flhgfdf
. h'g;'s} If]q lbP/ d'n's lkmtf{ eO;s]sf 5g\ . tkfO{n] PNjd
xf];\ nug / lgsfNg' ePsf] 5 5}g gL < eGg] d'UnfgL
OdfGbf/Ltfsf] ;f}uftsf] lh1f;fdf plg a8f] efj's d'b|fdf
nf}/f] 6]sL lttf] ;To kf]V5g\, æk};f rflxFbf] /x]5 .Æ x/]s
cufl8 a9] s'/fdf lzIff / 1fg ckl/xfo{ atfpg] hf]o nsf]
slxNo} klg k|/] 0ffsf] ;|ft] pgs} afaf k|d
] axfb'/ kl/of/ x'g .
k5fl8 kms{g ' cfkm\gf] afafn] b]vfPsf] af6f] ;Demb} plg eG5g\,
kb}{g . xf], o:t} ‘d]/f] afafdf /fd|f] ;+uLtsf] 1fg lyof] . ToxL eP/
sl8sf] nf}/f] g} dnfO{ o;df nfUg l;sfpg' eof] / k|/] 0ff klg
6]sL hLjg lbg'eof] . ;+uLtsf ;fy} uLt n]vGfdf ;d]t
vf]Hg] qmddf plQs} lgk"0f{ ;+uLtsf/ hf]on kl/of/n]
lg/Gt/ nflu rf/aif{;Dd ;+uLt lzIfs eP/ sfd ul/;s]sf
/x]sf JolQmTj x'g ;+uLtsf/ hf]o n kl/of/ . 5g\ . ;GWofu|'k cnvf]/ stf/nfO{ k|/] 0ffsf] >Lj[l4
k'Vof}{nL ynf] tfKn]h'Ëdf lj=;= @)#* ;Demg] hf]on ;GWofu|'kn] Ps sfo{qmd ul/ ljbfO
;fndf hlGDfPsf kl/of/sf] xfnsf] a;f]jf; eg] ubf{ w'?w'? ?b} eg], æ;GWofu|'ksf ldqx?n] dnfO{
uf]nfvs{–$,Onfddf cfkmgf] kl/jf/ ;lxt /x]sf] h'g cj;/ / dfof lbg' eof], Tof] k|f0f /x];Dd
5 . b]zdf a9\bf] k|lts'n cj:yf, a]/f]huf/L clg e'Ng] 5}g .Æ o;f] elg/xFbf pxfFsf] efj's /
l;dLt :yfg / txdf ;d]t gtfjfb / s[kfjfbsf] dfofjL :j/n] ;a}sf cfFvf /;fPsf lyP . /fli6«o
xfnLd'xfnL rn]kl5 a9]sf] k/b]zLg]sf] af9L;Fu} ufos od a/fnnfO{ ;Demgf ul//xg] hf]on
axsLP/ /]lu:tfgL e"ld bf]x f stf/df lyu|Lg kl/of/ ;+uLt ef}lts ;'v ;'ljwf / k|flKtsf] nflu
cfOk'u]sf x'g kl/of/ . ;fg} pd]/ b]lv ;+uLtsf] dfq k|of]u ug{ gx'g] / ;+uLtn] >f]tfsf] dg 5'g] /
;+;f/df /dfpg yfn]sf hf]onn] cf}krfl/s hLjg eP/ afFRfL /fVg] ;Defjgf ;dfpg rfxfg'
;+uLtsf] eg] a];Ls 1fg dfq lnPsf 5g\ . c;nL ;+uLt xf] . :j:Yo lrGtg / ;F3if{ kl5dfq
;+uLtsf] c? To:tf] s'g} k|sf/sf] tflnd glnPsf ;+uLtdf afFRg ;lsg] atfpg] hf]onsf] eflj
kl/of/ ha ;+uLtdf lng x'G5g\ ta plg cfkm' hLjgsf x/]skn ;'vdo ag'g\ ;f+uLlts
dfq x}g ;Dk"0f{ >f]tfnfO{ gtd:ts agfpF5g\ . cfsfzdf Ps rlDsnf] gIfq aGg ;s'g d'UnfgL
ut gofFaif{sf] cj;/df ;GWofu|k' n] cfof]hgf ;f}uftsf] tkm{af6 z'e]R5f .
u/]sf] dgf]/Ghg ;fFem @)^^ df bz{sx?sf]
cfsif{0fsf] s]Gb|ljGb' ag]sf hf]onn] bfFtn] lutf/ k|Zt'tL M rGb|s'df/ yfkf
ahfP/ ld7f] w'g ;'gfP kl5 t dGqd'Uw dfq ljz]if k|ltlglw
38
 d'UnfgL ;f}uft 4}dfl;s
ultlawL=========ÛÛÛ
stf/df eJotfsf ;fy nIdL holGt ;DkGg
dxfslj nIdL ;flxTodo ag]sf] ;f]
k|;fb b]jsf]6fsf] sfo{qmddf dxfslj
ztaflif{sL b]z b]jsf]6fsf] hLjgufyf /
tyf lab]z df jxfFsf] ;flxTo ofqfsf]
5l/P/ /x]sf af/]df slj /fhs'df/
g]kfnLx?n] laljw k'Tnfn] af]Ng' ePsf] lyof] .
sfo{qmd ul/ cGt/f{li6«o g]kfnL ;flxTo
eJotfsf ;fy ;dfh stf/sf ;lrj
dgfP . o;/L Ovfn' /d]z u]nfnn]
dgfpg] qmddf ;+rfng ug'{ ePsf] ;f]
stf/df g]kfnL sfo{qmnfO{ d'UnfgL ;f}uft
efiff / ;flxTosf] 4}dfl;ssf wg]Zj/ lh;L
pTyfg / ‘e]nefO’ n] :jfut ug'{
lasfzdf cxf]/ft ePsf] lyof] . stf/ l:yt
nflu kl//x]sf ltg ;flxlTos ;+:yf cGt/f{li6«o laleGg ;fdflhs, ;flxlTos tyf ;f+:s[lts
g]kfnL ;flxTo ;dfh stf/ RofK6/,gjf]lbt ;+3;+:yfsf k|ltlgwLx?sf ;fy} a'l4hLjL tyf
;flxlTos jfrgfno,bf]xf tyf ;GWofu|k' kqsf/x?sf] cfltYo /x]sf] ;f] sfo{qmd ;xsfo{ /
cGt{utsf] d'UnfgL ;f}uft 4}dfl;sn] ;+o'Qm ?kdf P]Soj2tfsf] gd"gf sfo{qmd ag]sf] lyof] .
nIdL holGt laz]if ;flxlTos ;df/f]xsf] 
cfof]hgf u/]sf lyP .
stf/sf] bf]xfl:yt 9fsf /]i6'/0] 6sf] xndf
ut cS6'j/ ( df cfof]hgf ul/Psf] ;f] uhn
sfo{qmdsf] gjf]lbt ;flxlTos jfrgfnosf cWoIf
ef]h/fh >]i7n] ;efkltTj ug'{ ePsf] lyof] eg]
g]kfnL b'tfjf; stf/sf ;xrf/L k|d a/fnsf] l;=Pd= zdf{ gljg
k|d'v cfltYo /x]sf] lyof] . laz]iftM dxfslj
b]jsf]6fn] g]kfnL efiff / ;flxTodf k'¥ofpg' ePsf]
of]ubfg tyf jxfFn] cl3 ;fg'{ ePsf lalaw gf/LhftnfO{ l;Fufg k'l5,km\ofSg] 6fnf] geGg' x}
lawfsf] ;]/f]km]/f]df /x]/ cfof]lht ;f] sfo{qmddf c3L a9\g] 7fpF lbg', d]/} kfnf] geGg' x} .
;flxTosf/ alb| k|;fb k/fh'nLn] kB ;flxTosf]
af/]df hfgfsf/L lbg' ePsf] lyof] . To;}ul/ kl/jf/n] ;fy lbP, gf/L klg bIf aG5g\
syfsf/ tyf slj ;]nLª s];Ln] syf n]vg / ufpF3/sf] uLt ufpg], uLtL ;+ufnf] geGg' x} .
syfsf] k|sl[ tsf] laifodf pklZytnfO{ 1ft
u/fpg' ePsf] lyof] . ;flxTosf/ lu/L >Lif du/n] k/k'?if;Fu klg, af]Ng' k5{ Aojxf/df
sljtf n]vg, k|s[lt / k4tLsf] af/]df tof/ kg'{ k/k'?if;Fu af]Nb}, nf} c+ufnf] geGg' x} .
ePsf] sfo{kq ;a}sf] xft xftdf k'¥ofpg' ePsf]
lyof] eg] sljtf sljtf h:tf] x'g'kg]{df hf]8 lbFb} …dg'Úsf g} dfgj x'g, elg hfGg' gf/LnfO{
b]jsf]6fn] b]vfPsf] af6f]df lgZjfy{ efjfgfn] la;]/{ Úlg ljgf;sf/L, e¨fnf] geGg' x} .
;xsfo{ / P]Soj4tfsf ;fy cl3 a9\g' kg]{ ;d]t
atfpg' ePsf] lyof] . gf/LhftnfO{ l;Fufg k'l5,km\ofSg] 6fnf] geGg' x}
ltg bh{g eGbf al9 ;h{sx?sf] uLt, cl3 a9\g] 7fpF lbg', d]/} kfnf] geGg 'x} .
sljtf, uhn, n3':jKg ;Djfb sfJo jfrgn]
;'?·f–$,emfkf .
39
 d'UnfgL ;f}uft 4}dfl;s
ultlawL=========ÛÛÛ
;GWofu|'k a};fv b]lv cflZjg;Dd
stf/df /x]sf ltg nfv g]kfnLx? jLr kl/lrt
gfd xf], ;GWofu|k' cnvf]/ . k|jf; tyf :jb]zdf
e}kl/ cfpg] ;d:of,b}ljk|sf]k h:tf s'/fx?df
;xof]uLsf] e"ldsf lgefpFb} cfPsf] ;GWofu|'kn]
;fdflhs If]q df dfq geP/ ;fF:s[lts,
;flxlTos tyf v]ns'b ul/ ltg laefusf] u7g
u/]/ cfkm\gf ultlawL cufl8 a9fO/x]sf] 5 .
g]kfnL efiff, snf, ;flxTo, ;+:s[lt / v]ns'bsf]
;+/If0f, ;Dj4{g tyf pTyfgdf nflu kl//x]sf]
;GWofu|k' cfheGbf ;ftaif{ cl3 ;g\ @))@ df
:yfkgf ePsf] xf] . :yfkgfsfn b]lvg} laleGg
If]qdf cfkm\gf ultlawL ;+rfng ub}{ cfPsf] u|'kn] laleGg ;+3;+:yfsf k|ltlgwLx?sf] pklZytL
@)^^ ;fn a};fv b]lv cflZjg;Dd ;DkGg u/]sf /x]sf] lyof] . g]kfnL efiffsf uLtsf zAbx? ga'em]
s]lx emnsx?nfO{ xfdLn] of] c+sdf ;d]6\g] k|of; klg ;+uLt tyf g[Todf gtd:ts aGb} pNn]Vo
u/]sf 5f}+ . k|Zt't 5 d'UnfgL ;f}uft 8]:sn] tof/ ?kdf lab]z L gful/sx?sf] ;d]t ;xeflutf /x]sf]
kf/]sf] ;GWofu|'k ultlawL ;DaGwL l/kf]6{–M lyof] .
dgf]/~hg ;f“em @)^^ ;DkGg :d/0f /xf];, ;GWofu|k' cnvf]/ stf/n] ljut rf/
k|jf;df /x]sf g]kfnLx?nfO{ dgf]/~hg k|bfg ;fn b]lv gofFaif{sf] cj;/df dgf]/Ghg ;fFe msf]
ug'{sf] ;fy} g]kfnL snf, ;+:s[lt, uLt, ;+uLtsf] cfof]hgf ub}{ cfPsf] 5 .
;+/If0f / ;Dj4{g ;DalGw nufjnfO{ bLufGt /fVg] snfsf/x? ;Ddflgt
p4]Zosf ;fy gofFaif{ @)^^ sf] cj;/ kf/]/ ;GWofu|'k cnvf]/n] dgf]/Ghg ;fFem @)^^
;GWofu|'k cnvf]/n] dgf]/Ghg ;fFem @)^^ ;DkGg eJotfsf ;fy ;DkGg ul/;s]kl5 Ps ;Ddfg
u/]sf] lyof] . stf/sf] cnvf]/df cfof]hgf
ul/Psf] ;f] sfo{qmd em08} rf/ xhf/ b z{sn]
cjnf]sg u/]sf lyP . stf/df cfof]hgf x'g ]
g]kfnL sfo{qmdx?sf] Oltxf;df Ps zf] df olt
w]/} bz{sx?n] cjnf]sg u/]sf] ;f] sfo{qmd klxnf]
lyof] . lalaw dgf]/~hgfTds uLt, ;+uLt, tyf
g[Tox?sf] k|Zt'tL /x]sf] ;f] sfo{qmddf g]kfnL

sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf ul/ dgf]/Ghg ;fFemdf

b'tfjf;sf k|yd ;lrj /fdsfhL v8\sf nufot
cfkm\gf] snf k|Zt't ug]{ snfsf/ tyf ;f] sfo{qmd
;kmn agfpg ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] ;b:ox?nfO{
;Ddflgt u/]sf] lyof] . ;GWofu|k' sf] cfkm\g} xndf
cfof]hgf ul/Psf] ;f] sfo{qmddf snfsf/ tyf
cGo ul/ ltg bh{g JolQmTjx? ;DdfgLt ePsf
lyP . u|'ksf ;+/Ifs lai0f' s]=;L, ;+:yfks cWoIf
;'/h tfdfª, cWoIf la/]Gb| s'df/ ofSy'Djf tyf
Pg=cf/=Pg=P cfO;L;Lsf ;lrj ;fu/ g]kfnåf/f
40

k|z+;fkq, sb/kq tyf pkxf/ ;d]t k|bfg
ul/Psf] lyof] .
z'esfdgf tyf awfO{ sfo{qmd
;GWofu|'k cnvf]/n] u|'kdf cfj4 ;b:ox?sf]
k|utL, k|fKtL / ;kmNtfnfO{ ;b}j u|'ksf]
pknAwLsf] ?kdf lnFb} cfPsf] 5 . cfkm\gf
;b:ox?n] cGo lalaw If]qdf ;xeflutf Pj+
;lqmotfsf ;fy xf;Ln u/]sf] VoftLsf] d'Nofª\sg
ub}{ ;Ddfg ug]{ u/]sf] 5 . ;f]xL cg';f/ u|'ksf
;b:ox? Ovfn' /d]z u]nfn, ;]nLª s];L, tyf
ly//fh vgfn cGt/f{li6«o g]kfnL ;flxTo ;dfh
stf/ RofK6/sf] bf]>f] ;fw/0f ;efåf/f qmdzM
;lrj, ;x;lrj tyf ;b:o h:tf] ul/dfdo
kbdf lgjf{lrt x'g' ePsf] To;}ul/ ef]h/fh >]i7
/ k|sfz aGhf/f gjf]lbt ;flxlTos jfrgfno
bf]xfsf] klxnf] ;fw/0f ;efåf/f qmdzM cWoIf tyf
dxf;lrj h:tf] ul/dfdo kbdf lgjf{l rt x'g '
ePsf]df Ps z'esfdgf tyf awfO{ sfo{qmdsf]
cfof]hgf ul/ awfO tyf z'esfdgf lbPsf] lyof] .
;+uLtsf/ hf]onnfO{ labfO{
;GWofu|'k cnvf]/sf ;b:o tyf ;+uLtsf/ hf]on
kl/of/ stf/ 5f8L ;bfsf nflu d'ns ' kms{g ]
ePsfn] pxfFsf] labfO sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf u/]sf]
lyof] . laz]if u/]/ dgf]/~hg ;fFe m @)^^ ;kmn
kfg{sf] lglDt laz]if e"ldsf v]n]sf kl/of/nfO{
pHjn eljiosf] z'esfdgf lbFb} u|'ksf cWoIf
la/]Gb| s'df/ ofSy'Djf Pj+ cGo ;b:ox?n] dfofsf]
lrgf] ;d]t k|bfg ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . k|jf;df /x]/
klg bz{s ;fd' cfkm\gf] snf k|bz{g ug]{ cj;/
;GWofu|k' n] k|bfg u/]sf]df u|'k k|lt ;bf cfef/L
/xg] atfpFb} hf]on kl/of/n] cfkm' hxfF /x]klg
;s]sf] ;xof]u / xft]dfnf] ;Fw} ul/ /xg] k|lta4tf
JoQm u/]sf lyP . efj's x'Fb} sfo{qmddf hf]onn]
labfO{sf] uLt ;'gfPsf lyP .
d'UnfgL ;f}uft 4}dfl;s
Jofodzfnfsf] :yfkgf
Zj:Yo hLjgsf nflu lgoldt Jofodsf]
cjwf/f0ff cg'?k ;GWofu|'kn] u|'ks} sDkfp08df
v]ns'b laefusf] dftfxtdf /xg] ul/
Jofodzfnfsf] :yfkgf u/]sf] 5 .
cnld:gfb ;le{;]hsf Dofg]h/ ;fdL
sfO6 tyf u|'ksf ;+/Ifs lai0f' s]=;Lsf] cfltYodf
pb\3f6g ul/Psf] ;f] Jofodzfnfsf] ;+of]hs
pQd dNn /xg' ePsf] 5 eg] a+unfb]zL gful/s
cAb'n sfb/ Jofodzfnfsf] k|lzIfs /xg' ePsf]
5 . Jofodzfnfsf] ;b:otf lnP/ pkof]u ug{
kfOg] ;f] Jofodzfnfdf xfn ltg bh{g ;b:ox?n]
lgoldt k|lzIf0f lnO/x]sf 5g\ .
a8fbz}+sf] cj;/df agef]h
g]kfnLx?sf] dxfg rf8 a8fbz}s
+ f] cj;/df
stf/df /x]sf g]kfnL bfh'efO{ tyf
lblbalxgLx?nfO{ Ps} :yfgdf ;d]6]/ ;GWofu|'k
cnvf]/n] agef]h sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf u/]sf]
lyof] .
g]kfnL rf8kj{ tyf ;+:s[ltsf] pTyfg /
lasfzdf ;b}j lrGtLt ;GWofu|'kn] ;f] agef]hnfO{
yk dgf]/GhfTds agfpFgsf] lglDt lalaw
sfo{qmdx? ;d]t k|Zt't u/]sf] lyof] . g]kfnL
b'tfjf; stf/sf ;fy} stf/df /xg' ePsf g]kfnL
kl/jf/, bfh'efO{ tyf lblbalxgLx? nufot
laleGg ;+3;+:yfsf k|ltlgwLx?sf] pklZytL /x]sf]
;f] sfo{qmdn] k|jf;df klg ;Dk"0f{ g]kfnLx? Ps}
kl/jf/ h:t} ul/ a;]sf] ;Gb]; lbPsf] lyof] .
cnvf]/ l:yt cnvf]/ kAnLs uf8]g{ df cfof]hgf
ul/Psf] ;f] agef]hdf b'O ;osf] xf/fxf/Ldf
;xeflutf /x]sf] agef]h sfo{qmd ;+of]hs
wg]Zj/ lh=;L e]nefO{n] hfgsf/L lbg' eof] .

41
 d'UnfgL ;f}uft 4}dfl;s
1ffgs'~h=========ÛÛÛ sf]7]kb k|ltof]lutf–&
! @ $ &
afofFaf6 bfofF
-$–!^_ g]kfnsf] Ps c~rn !!
-!–@)_ g]kfnsf k|yd /fi6«ktL # % *
-&–!!_ xl/of] t/sf/L
-!@–!*_ /fhf ( !@ !^
-!)–!%_ dfG5],dg'jf ^
-!$–!&_ :jf; k|Zjf; ;DalGw Ps /f]u
!#–!(_ nf]kf]Gd'v Ps hftL !# !*
-@–*_ vf8L/fi6« dWo]sf] Ps /fi6« !) !$

bfofFaf6 afofF !% !& !( @)

-@–#_ Ps km"n
-!*–!(_ k|d fl0ft k|ltof]lutf s'kg
-!!–!@_ k|j]if, ofqf,
-$–^_ df};d gfd M
-&–*_ ;d'Gb|
-(–!)_ d'l:nd ;d'bfosf] kljq rf8, /f]hf
7]ufgf M
-!#–!%_ dfG5]sf] k'v f{ elg lrgLg] hgfj/ ;Dks{ gDa/ M

sf]7]kb k|ltof]lutf–^ sf] glthf

sf]7]kb k|ltof]lutf – &
& d'UnfgL ;f}uft
!c @d $c c
g' x g' !!h
#jf sf]7]kb k|ltof]lutfsf lgodx?
%/f */f jf
h (wf !@g !^b != k|ltof]lutf s'kgsf] ;fydf cfkm\gf]
k"/f gfd, 7]ufgfsf ;fydf pQ/ e/]/
^g /f sf] sf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
kf !#n O !*j @=s]/d]6 cyjf kmf]6f]skLnfO{ dfGotf
lbOg] 5}g.
!)gL !$uf lHh /f
#=b'O{h gf eGbf al9 k|ltof]uLn] ;lx
!%d !&d !(t @)nf pQ/ ldnfPdf uf]nf k|y fåf/f lahoL
5flgg] 5 .
k|ltof]lutf–^ sf lah]tfx? $=sf]7]kb k|ltof]lutfsf] pQ/ la;
!= lasfz /fO{, kflv|jf;,wgs'6f cufl8 g} cfOk'Ug' kg]{5 .
xfn M /f:nfkmfg, stf/ .
%=lahoL k|ltof]uLnfO{ d'UnfgL ;f}uftsf]
@= ljgo clwsf/L, lrtjg aflif{s u|fxs ;'ljwf k|bfg ul/g] 5 .
xfn Mcn;fb,stf/ .
– d'UnfgL ;f}uft
42
 d'UnfgL ;f}uft 4}dfl;s

gfd – ?k a=tfdfª gfd– ;Gho nfdf

pd]/ – @@ pd]/–@$
?rL – kqldqtf / cWoog ?rL– kqldqtf
7]ufgf– ltKnLª–@, wflbª 7]ufgf–ltKnLª –# wflbª
xfn – sf7df08f} g]kfn . xfn– bf]xf, stf/ .

gfd – ;Gtf]if s]= ;L=

pd]/–@!
?rL–kqldqtf gfd– d]3/fh u'?ª
7]ufgf– aGuL–(,c3f{vfrL pd]/–@&
xfn– cnvf]/, stf/ . ?rL– kqldqtf
df]= ^)@&($ 7]ufgf– 6fl8–lrtjfg
xfn– a/fOg .
gfd– k]df tfdfª df]=±(^@*))((^^^
pd]/–#@
?rL–kqldqtf,;dfh ;]jf gfd M lg/ cfO{ 8'
7]ufgf– ;]t'{ª–%,wflbª pd]/ M @** dlxgf
xfn– ;fpbLc/a . 7]ufgf M a/]{–$,pbok"/
?lr M kqldqtf,e|d0f
gfd– /fd nfdf xfn M bf]xf,stf/
pd]/–@% Od]n M magarnir_23@yahoo.com
?rL– kqldqtf
7]ufgf–ltKnLË–#, wflbË
xfn M sf7df08f} g]kfn .

gfd– cfOt kbfn'Ë

pd]/–@@ Gffd M–
?rL– kqldqtf pd]/ M–
7]ufgf–;tf;Lwfd–*,emfkf
xfn– cnvf]/, stf/ . ?lr M–
7]ufgf M–
xfn M—
gfd – x]dGt /fO{
pd]/ – @# d'UnfgL ;f}uft kl/jf/ .
?rL – lhjg;fyLsf] vf]hL
7]ufgf– u/fdgL–(,df]/ª .
xfn – sf7df08f} g]kfn . cg'/f]w
kqldqtf k7fpFbf kqldqtf s'kg
gfd – ldnL tfdfª el/ stf/L l/ofn #÷–;lxt
pd]/–#)
?rL–;dfh ;]jf ;fydf kf;kf]6{ ;fOhsf]] kmf]6f]
7]ufgf– ;]t'{ª–%,wflbª klg k7fpg' x'g cg'/f]w ub{5f}+ .
xfn– cnvf]/, stf/ .
df]= ^&)!*!( d'UnfgL ;f}uft kl/jf/ .
43

clGtd kftf] ÛÛÛ
/dfOnf] dfg] tf; / /S;L g} xf] t <
cfkm}n] k};f lt/]/ cfkm'nfO{ g} a]r]/ bf;Tj
:jLsf/sf] abnfdf kfPsf] c/asf] nfx'/s ] f] tSdf v'a
ef/L nfUg yfn]sf] 5 cfhsfn dnfO{ . s7f]/ kl/>d
To;df klg xKsfO{ / k]nfO{sf] s's{'Rrfn] 6fpsf]df
s'lNrbf klg lz/f]wfo{ ug'{sf] lasNk 5}g . c/a hfg
kfP o;f] u5'{ / p;f] u5'{ eGb} d}n] t'g]ag' s] f ;kgf
cfsf/ lng gkfpFb} t'x]kl5 cfhsfn d ev{/} gfgLv]/
uPsf] cefuL cfdf em} ;Nofs ;'n'Ss eP/ lgD5/f] /
sdhf]/ ePsf] cg'e'tL ug{ yfn]sf] 5' .
d ;fg} 5Fbf d]/L xh'/cfdf efsf xfnLxfnL
dnfO{ syf ;'gfpFg' x'GYof] . d]/f] snx ug]{ aflgnfO{
6fn6'n ub}{ dnfO{ kmsfpg] axfgfdf hLjgbz{gsf
syf clg dfu{lgb]{zs / k|ltsfTds syf eGg pxfFsf]
;do vr{ x'GYof] . d slxn] ;'Gbf ;'Gb} cF cF cF ubf{
ub}{ lgbfpFy] eg] slxn] cGt;Dd ;'g]/ klg o:tf] t
x'Gg xf]nf eGb} cfkm\g} lnF8l] 9kLdf sl:;Gy], lhTg
vf]Hy] . xh'/cfdfsf] s]lx gnfu]/ d]/f] gftL/fhf g}
hfGg];'Gg] 7'nf] dfG5] xf] eg]/ d]/f] lhtfnL dgnfO{
ps]/f nfO6f]kNng' x'GYof] . dnfO{ ofb 5 pxfFn]
;'gfpg' ePsf] Pp6f syfsf] s'g} c+z o:tf] lyof] .
‘Pp6L t?gL 5f]l/ / a'9L cfdf dfq a:g] Pp6f
3/df eflj hLjg af/] 5nkmn x'bF f 5f]l/ eG5] cfdf
ltdL dl/xfN5]p d kf]On uOxfN5' s]nfO{ rflxof] of]
;DktL .’ o;f] eGb} p;n] cfkm\gf] efsf] >L;DktL
kmh'ndf p8fpg yfn]sL lyO{ . olx qmd a9\b} hfFbf
plgx?sf] ePsf] ;DktL l;/Lv'/L eP5 . cGtdf g t
cfdf g} dl/g g t p;nfO{ s;}n] nUof] . abnfdf
kf6Lsf] af; / duGt]sf] ufF; eP5 . d]/L xh'/cfdfn]
dnfO{ ;'gfPsf syf leqsf oL c+z em} ePsf] 5 cfh
d]/f] lhGbuL klg . d klg c/a uPkl5 t k};f gfy]
htL klg sdfOxfN5' gL clg t To:tf 3/, af/L, v]t
t slt slt ÛÛ olx pNsfOdf nfu]/ ePsf] >L;DktL
klg gzf, h'jftf; / hfF8 /S;Ldf vr{g yfn]sf] lyP
d . nueu l;/Lv'/L ePkl5 c/alt/ xflGgPsf] d
lxhf]cfh kZrftfksf] Hjfnfdf lkN;Lg yfn]sf] 5' .
lxhf]sf] Tof] ;fyLefO{sf xfO–xfO, df]hd:tL / /lËg
/ftx? cfh dnfO{ af/fDaf/ 3f]rL/xg] t'; eO{ leq
st} ufl8Psf] 5 . lxhf] d]/f] jl/k/L em'lDdg] d]/f
cfkmGt clg ;fyLefO{x ?n] klg cfhsfn d/]sf]
s's'/nfO{ plkFofn] 5f8] em}+ dnfO{ 5f8L ;s]sf 5g\ .
5g\ u]8L ;a} d]/L, 5}gg\ u]8L ;a} 6]8Lsf] cy{ cfh
d'UnfgL ;f}uft 4}dfl;s
– Ovfn' /d]z
dnfO{ 5n{Ë} ePsf] 5 . a]nfdf ;'l4n] af6f]
5f]8k] l5 clxn] e8\vfnfdf ;'S;'sfpg'sf] ljsNk
5}g d]/f] nflu . Tof] a]nf dgf]/~hg / jf:tljs
hLjgsf] dhf eg]s} h'jftf; / hfF8/S;Lsf]
gzfdf lnKt eP/ l8:sf], bf]xf]/L / Sofljgdf /ft
u'hfg'{ clg gu/aw'sf 5ftLdf gf]6 3';f{b} sfd's
aGg' xf] eGb} pNSofpg]x?sf] s'/fdf lgw{Ss eP/
xf] df xf] ldnfpFb} uPF . 3/df cfkm\gf ;Gtfgsf
lglDt af–cfdfn] cfkm\gf] cfFt df/]/ arfPsf]
;DktL l;/Lv'/L kfb}{ uPF . af–cfdfsf cfFz'n]
gslhPsf] 5f]/f] >LdtLsf] shfO{df k5{ sL eg]/
af–cfdfn] leq\ofO{ lbPsL >LdtLsf gfs / sfg
s]lx elgg, Ps Ps ub}{ n'5\b} uPF . oL ;a}
lqmofsnfk d dgf]/~hgsf lglDt / jf:tljs
hLjgsf] dhfsf lglDt ul//x]sf] lyPF . d]/f]
s'dtLsf] z'?jftLsf tfsf d]/f ;fyLefO{n] s/ ul/
ul/ hfF8 /S;L v'jfPsf] / xftdf ;dfO{ ;dfO{
h'jftf; l;sfPsf] If0f d cfkm' 7'nf] dfG5] aGg
uO/x]sf] cfefif ub}{ cfkm\gf] gfs hfnf] k;]sf]
l3/f}nf hqf] agfPsf] lyPF . oL ;a} lqmofsnfksf]
kl/0ffd cfh ePsf] l;/Lv'/Ldf klg c?s} clwg,
g/–gftf, cfkmGt / ;fyLefO{;uF sf] ltQmtf clg
bf;Tjk"0f{ k|jf;L hLjg ag]sf] 5 . eg]sf] a]nfdf
g t kms{g g} ;lsG5, kms{g kfO{xfn] klg, d]/f]
;'Gb/ zfGt / ddtfdoL hLjgdf ;+xf/L ;'gfdL
k;L;s]sf] 5 . cfh Tof] ;'gfdL leq x/fP/ d]/f]
kl/jf/ c:tJo:t eO;s]sf] 5 . d e'Qmef]uL,
gzfef]uL / h'Fjf8]sf] tSdf le/]/ PSnf] alg
;s]sf] 5' .
t/ clxn] cg]s x08/ 7Ss/sf] ef]ufO{n]
d]/f] ;'4Ldf s]lx xb;Dd ePklg r]tgfsf] 3fd
k;]sf] 5 . clg d}n] lxhf] lxF8]sf] af6f] clg
c+ufn]sf] hLjgz}nL cToGt} lagf;sf/L lyof] eGg]
klg dgdf c+s'/fO ;s]sf] 5 . xtf/sf] lg0f{on]
lgDTofPsf] of] si6s/ If0fdf kZrftfksf] e'Fd/Ldf
?dlNnFb} ePklg oyfy{tf c7\ofpFg] k|of;df 5' .
d}n] cfh a'lem ;s]sf] 5' Ifl0fs pQ]hgfdf
plDnP/ hfF8/S;L, h'jftf;sf] s'ntdf xf]dLg'
eg]sf] cfkm\gf] hLjgdf 89]nf] nufpg' xf] . s]
/dfOnf] dfg] tf; / /S;L g} xf] t <
;a}nfO{ r]tgf eof ÛÛ
E-mail: ikhaluramesh@yahoo.com
44