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lar efudf /x]sf] pkTosf k"j{df 8f]6Lsf] hf]/fon uf=kf= klZrddf ef/tsf] rDkfjt, pQ/lt/ efu]Zj/ uf=kf=, cd/u9L
g=kfsf] e"efu / blIf0flt/ s~rgk'/sf eLdbQ, j]bsf]6, z'Snfkmf6f g=kf= /x]sf5g\ . leqLdw]; sf gfdn] lrlgPsf] ;'Gb/
pkTosf k|s[ltsf cg'kd pkxf/n] l;ufl/Psf] 5 . cflntfn cnf}lss 5 . 3gf h+un 8f8fsf] lar efudf clt /d0fLo
tfn 5 . /+u'g ,kGt'/f,;fbgL lzif{ gbLsf t6df d}bfgL kmf6x¿ 5g\ . gb gbLx¿n] yk pmhf{lzn agfPsf] x'G5 . pj{/
e"ldnfO{ l;l~rt kf/L cGg e08f/ lgdf{0f u/]sf] x'G5 .

s~rgk'/sf] ;b/d'sfdaf6 rln; lsnf]ld6/ / 88]Nw'/f ;b/d'sfd tyf wgu9Laf6 gAa] ls=ld=df /x]sf] /+u'g pkTosf
;f+:s[lts ¿kdf lgs} dxŒjk'0f{ If]qsf ¿kdf lng ;lsG5 . oxfF, dxfsfnL gbLsf] lsgf/df kljq k/z'/fdtLy{ cjl:yt
5 . o; tLy{nfO{ k/z'/fd gu/kflnsfsf] gu/;efaf6 ;f+:s[lts ko{6sLo gu/ 3f]if0ff ul/Psf] 5 . cg]sf}F ko{6sLo
;Defjgf af]s]sf] o; If]qdf k|s[ltsf cg'kd pkxf/ / ;f+:s[lts j}ejx¿ k|;:t 5g\ . dxfsfnL gbL kljq / dgdf]xs
eP/ k/z'/fd If]q kf/ ubf{ leqL dw];nfO{ ;'Gb/ / /d0fLo agfP/ t/fO{lt/ au]sf] cj:yfdf 5 . r'/] lzjflns If]qdf /x]sf
lalrqsf z}n]; lnËf, gbLx¿, cflntfn, af]8ftfn, 3gf jgk|b]z, kmfF6}–kmfF6 ePsf] ;'Gb/ /+u'g pkTosf, 3gf a:tL
cfkm}df ko{6sLo uGtJo xf] . k/z'/fd gu/ If]qd} c7f/j6f tLy{ cjl:yt 5g\ . tLgnf]sdf rrf{df /x]sf] k/z'/fdtLy{,
k'qbftLy{, PnftLy{ nufotsf tLy{x¿ 5g\ . To:t} efu]Zj/, lv6s]Zj/, l;4gfy, a}hgfy, ;d}hL dlGb/ /x]sf 5g\ . ;a}
b]j:ynx¿sf] ljlz:6 dxTj /x]sf] 5 . k/z'/fdtLy{sf] lgs} 7"nf] dxŒj /x]sf] 5 .
kf}/fl0s dfGotf–cg';f/ dxfsfnL gbLsf] blIf0flt/ hxfF /]0f'sfsf] ;+ud 5, h;nfO{ lji0f'k'/ elgG5 ToxL :yfg
k/z'/fdtLy{sf gfdn] tLgnf]sdf rlr{t 5 . oxfF Clif k/z'/fdn] lr/~hLjL x'g] j/bfg kfPsf lyP—
ZofdfofM blIf0f] kfZj]{ lji0f'k'/ lj/fht] .
If]q+ k/z'/fdfVo lqif'nf]s]if' uLot] ..
hfdbUGo;d+ tLy{ gfl:t dfg;/] Sjlrt\ .
tq/fdf] hfdbUGo/jfk lr/hLjgd\ ..
k/z'/fdtLy{df :gfg, bfg, tk{0f, o1–o1fbL ug]{ k/Dk/f 5 . o; tLy{df k/z'/fd s'08 /x]sf] 5 . To:t} wd{åf/, ;Too'udf
a|XdfhLn] klxnf] k6s ;[li6 u/]sf j6–lkkn, k|frLg lznf cflb /x]sf 5g\ . Pnf / Zofdfsf] ;+ud 5 . s"d{kj{tdf
cjl:yt s"d{Åb -cflntfn_ af6 lg:s]sL gbL Pnf / dxfsfnsf] h6faf6 k|jflxt dxfsfnL gbLsf] ;+ud /x]sf] 7fpFdf
k/z'/fdtLy{ /x]sf] 5 .
PnfofM;Ëd+ k'0o+ hfdbUGof>d+ z'ed\ .
Pnf / Zofdfsf] ;+uddf /x]sf] k/z'/fdtLy{ eujfg\ k/z'/fdsf ljleGg k|;Ë;Fu hf]l8Psf] 5 . k/z'/fdhLsf] hGd tyf
lr/~hLjL x'g] j/bfg k|fKt u/]sf], eujfg\ lzjsf] s7f]/ tk:of u/L k/z' -km;f{_ k|fKt u/]sf] nufotsf nLnfk|;Ë o;
tLy{l;t ;DalGwt dflgPsf 5g\ .
o:t}, xfnsf] hf]ua'9f elgPsf] :yfgdf Clif hdblUgsf] cf>d /x]sf] dfGotf 5 . k/z'/fdhLsL dftf /]0f'sf clxn] klg
lg/Gt/ ¿kdf /]0f'sf gbLsf ¿kdf k|jflxt 5g\ eGg] dfGotf klg 5 . Pnf / Zofdfsf] ;+ud glhs} rqmtLy{ /x]sf] / pQm
rqmtLy{df :gfg u/]/ k/z'/fdhL dxfanL x'g'ePsf] lyof] elgPsf] 5 .
d]nf–kj{x¿
k/z'/fdtLy{df ds/ ;qmfGtLsf lbg lgs} 7"nf] d]nf nfUb5 . ;'b"/klZrdsf ;a} lhNnf / ef/tsf] s'dfplt/sf dflg;
:gfgsf nflu oxfF k'U5g\ . oxfF :gfgsf nflu cfkm" dfq gcfO{ cfkm"n] k'Hg] b]jtfsf ;fdu|L -rn k|ltdf / dlGb/_ klg
lnP/ cfpg] k/Dk/f 5 . afO{; b]ptfsf :yfgaf6 b]jtfsf] dlGb/;lxt b]p/f] Nofpg] k|rng clt g} df}lns ;+:s[lt xf] .
b]p/f]df b]jtfsf k'hf/L, k08f, sl/of / ;f];Fu hf]l8Psf ljleGg b]jtfsf wfdLx¿ klg cfp5g\ . lzjfnosf k|jQmf tyf
cu]jfgLsf ¿kdf wfdLnfO{ lnOG5 . ljleGg ;dosf jL/x¿n] lbJo b]jdo :j¿k k|fKt u/L s'g} JolQmdf k|s6 ePsf
x'G5g / b]jfnosf] k|ltlglwTjsf] clwsf/ kfPsf x'G5g\ . wfdL / cGo ;/f]sf/jfnf a;L kGhgL ug]{ ul/G5 . ds/
;ª\qmfGtLafx]s ;"o{u|x0f, rG›u|x0f, cIfo t[tLof, /fdgjdLdf ;d]t oxfF d]nf nfUb5 . cGo cj;/df klg :gfg, bfg,
tk{0fsf nflu hlxn] klg tLy{ofqL k'u]s} x'G5g . tLy{ af;sf nflu k/z'/fdtLy{df cfpg] ub{5g\ . To;}df df3 dlxgfel/
sNkjf; a:g] ub{5g\ . k/z'/fdtLy{af6 hn nu]/ lzjfnodf ?›fleif]s ug]{ k/Dk/f klg /x]sf] 5 . k/z'/fd tLy{ :gfg u/]
kl5 kGt'/f / /+u'g sf] ;+uddf /x]sf] k'qbftLy{, PnftLy{df :gfg ul/G5 . To; kl5 l;4;/ -zLif{_df :gfg ug]{ ul/G5 .
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k/z'/fd If]qdf efu{j Clifaf6 :yflkt efu{j]Zj/ -efu]Zj/_ nufot ;f]x| lzjfnosf dxflnË klg :yflkt 5g\ . efu]Zj/
lzjhLsf] If]q -cfn_ elgPsf] If]qdf efu]Zj/sf w]/} dlGb/ /x]sf 5g\ . o;} If]qdf w]/} l;4k'?ifn] eujfg\ lzjsf] tk:of
u/L l;l4 k|fKt u/]sf] dfGotf 5 . l;l4 k|fKt Clifx¿af6 k'lht l;4gfy, a}Bgfy, ;d}hL b]jtfsf yfgx¿ /x]sf 5g\ .
af]8ftfn klg lgs} /dl0fo 5 . k/z'/fd g=kf= ! af]8fdf /x]sf] /d0fLo af]8ftfn;Fu} a6]; lzj dlGb/ /x]sf] 5 . lz/f]efu
zL/ egL w'Gw' kxf8 w'/fnfO{ a'lemG5 eg] kbf]b\efu gL/ k/z'/fd tLy{nfO{ hgfp5 . w'Gw' w'/fb]lv k/z'/fdtLy{;Dd ljleGg
:yfgdf eu]Zj/ dlGb/ /x]sf 5g\ . k|frLg ufpF yknfdf Ps} 9'Ëfdf afO{; cf]vn /x]sf 5g\ . hf6 sfndf hf6x¿n] lgdf{0f
u/]sf cf]vnx¿ k'/ftflŒjs dxŒjsf /lxcfPsf 5g\ . yknfd} s}nkfn dlGb/ klg /x]sf] 5 . Tot} gf}nf] dlGb/, zLif{df
l;4 ;d}hLsf] dlb/, s6fndf efu]Zj/, /fwfs[i0f dlGb/ cflb /x]sf 5g\ .
hf]ua'8f nfn9'Ëf ahf/;Fu} l;4gfy dlGb/ clt g} k|frLg dflgPsf] l;4 yfg xf] . ToxfFsf] kfgL d"nnfO{ l;4 kfgL
dflgGYof] . l;4gfy dlGb/b]lv kGt'/f gbL kf/L z}n]; lnËfsf] dgf]/d b[Zo b]lvG5 . hhf]nfdf efu]Zj/, s'd{'Nofdf a}Bgfy,
;n]tfdf l;4gfy dlGb/ /x]sf 5g\ .
:gfgsf nflu k/z'/fd s'08, efu]Zj/3f6, lv6s]Zj/3f6, b]j3f6 nufot :gfg3f6 /x]sf 5g\ eg] wfdsf] afoflt/ jfd3f6
Zd;fg3f6 /x]sf] 5 . jf/f0fzLsf] dl0fsl0f{sf3f6 hlQs} k'0obfoL jfd3f6nfO{ dflgG5 .
6gsk'/ glhs}sf] k"0ff{lu/Ldf xhf/f}+ xhf/ tLy{ ofqLx¿ cfp5g\ . tL tLy{ofqLnfO{ k/z'/fd tLy{ / k|frLg l;4gfy
l;4kfgLdf Nofpg] Joj:yf ug{ ;s] tLyf{6g / ko{6g Joj;fo dfkm{t\ ;d[l4 klg Nofpg ;lsg] cj:yf 5 .

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k/z'/fd !@ 88]Nw'/f