;/:jtL cf/fwgfsf] j}lZjs ¿k

j}lbs ;gftg wd{df Pp6} …;ToÚnfO{ ljleGg gfd / ¿kdf cf/fwgf ul/G5 . ;fws–cf/fwssf] Oi6cg's"n ;fwgfsf dfu{
klg cg]s 5g\ / b]j–b]jL Pj+ :t'lt–dGqdf klg ljljwtf 5 . o:tf] ljlzi6tf ePsf] lxGb" hghLjgdf b]jL ;/:jtL klg
Ps k|d'v b]jL x'g\ . 1fg / ljBfsL clwi7fqL dflgg], jfUb]jL, ef/tL, zf/bf cflb gfdaf6 k"lht oL b]jLaf/] s] dfGotf 5
eg] pgsf] cg'sDkfn] d"v{ klg ljåfg\ aGb5g\ .
j}lbs–kf}/fl0fs u|Gyx¿df k|fKt j0f{g cg';f/ ;+;f/sf ;h{s a|Xdfsf] cfXjfgaf6 pbo ePsL dxf;/:jtL ;Dk"0f{
k|f0fLx¿sL jfUb]jL cyf{t\ jf0fLsL b]jL x'g\ . Wofg Znf]sdf dftf ;/:jtLsf] :j¿ksf] j0f{g o; k|sf/ 5–
/fhx+;jfxg ePsL b]jLsf rf/ xftdWo] Pp6fdf jL0ff, Pp6fdf :kml6ssf] dfnf, csf]{df k':ts / ceo d'›f /x]sf 5g\ .
;]tf] j:qn] ;lhPsL x/bd d':s'/fO/xg] dftf ;Dk"0f{ dfgjhfltnfO{ dGb d':sfgsf nflu k|]l/t ul5{g\ . ToxL k|]/0ffn] x'g'k5{,
dftfsf] cf/fwgf g]kfn / ef/tdf dfq geP/ ljZjel/ g} x'g] u/]sf] .

s]xL k|df0f–
!= ;fpbL c/adf pTvgg\df km]nf k/]sf] x+;jflxgL ;/:jtLsf] k|ltdf, h'g clxn] la|l6z Do"lhoddf ;'/lIft /flvPsf] 5
. o; k|ltdfaf/] lj1n] atfPsf 5g\ ls of] k|ltdf ;fpbL c/adf O:nfd kGy z'? x'g'cl3sf] xf] . cyf{t\ xfnsf] O:nflds
;fpbL c/aeGbf cl3 To; e"efudf klg ;/:jtLsf] cf/fwgf ul/GYof] .
@= af+Unfb]zsf] ;jf{lws k|ltli7t z}Ifl0fs ;+:yfg– 9fsf ljZjljBfnodf k|To]s jif{ ;/:jtL k"hfsf] eJo cfof]hgf
…afgL cr{gfÚ -jf0fL cr{gf_ sf gfdn] ul/G5 . ;'/, ;+uLt, jf0fLsL b]jLsf] cr{gf ug{ ljZjljBfno kl/;/sf] huGgfy
xnl:yt tnfpmdf k|ltjif{ afgL cr{gfsf nflu ;/:jtL dftfsf] ljzfn k|ltdf nufOG5 .
#= DofGdf -adf{_ df ;/:jtLnfO{ …;'/;bLÚ, …ltlk6s d]bfÚ, …y'oybLÚ h:tf gfdn] k'sfl/G5 . oxfF ljBfsL b]jLnfO{ dfGg]x¿
ax';+Vos 5g\ . ;/:jtLnfO{ ;dlk{t !)*$ O{= df agfOPsf] Pp6f dlGb/ klg 5 oxfF . DofGdfsf af}4 snfx¿df b]jL
;/:jtLnfO{ …y'/ybLÚ elgG5 . af}4sfnLg d"lt{x¿df klg logsf] :j¿k b]Vg kfOG5 .
$= sDaf]l8ofsf] c+sf]/jf6sf dlGb/x¿df ;/:jtLsf k|ltdf b]Vg kfOG5 . o;af6 of] l;4 x'G5 ls oxfF klg ;tflAbof}F
klxn]b]lv b]jL ;/:jtLsf] cf/fwgf x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 . sDaf]l8ofsf oL dlGb/ ;ftf}F ;tfAbLsf x'g\ . To; ;dodf n]lvPsf
n]vx¿df b]jL ;/:jtLnfO{ a|XdfhLsL zlQm elgPsf] 5, h;df b]jL ;/:jtLnfO{ …jfu]Zj/LÚ gfdaf6 ;Daf]lwt ul/Psf] 5
.
%= yfO{Nof08sf k|frLg ;flxTodf pNn]v ePsf] kfOG5 ls b]jL ;/:jtL …af]Ng] zlQmÚ k|bfg ul5{g\ . oBlk yfO{Nof08df
af}4 wd{ lgs} kNnljt 5 . oxfF do'/dfly lj/fhdfg ePsL ;/:jtLsf] k"hf pkf;gf ul/G5 .
^= d'l:nd ax'n b]z, O08f]g]lzofsf] wfld{s ;flxTodf b]jL ;/:jtLsf] pNn]v kfOG5 . p;f] t ToxfFsf lgjf;Ln] cfˆgf]
wd{ O:nfd atfP klg cfˆgf] ;f+:s[lts h/f eg] lxGb" wd{d} /x]sf] pNn]v u5{g\ . ;/:jtL k"hfdf gbL, ;/f]j/ cflbdf
k"hf ck{0f ug]{ afnLsf snfsf/x¿n] cfˆgf] snf k|:t't ug{'cl3 dftf ;/:jtLsf] jGbgf cjZo ub{5g\ .
OG8f]g]lzofn] ;g\ @)!# df cd]l/sfsf] /fhwfgL jflzª\6g 8L;LnfO{ lzIff / 1fgsL clwi7fqL lxGb" b]jL ;/:jtLs} !^
km'6 cUnf] k|ltdf pkxf/ :j¿k k|bfg u/]sf] lyof] . OG8f]g]lzof b"tfjf;aflx/ :yflkt pQm k|ltdfaf/] ToxfFsf clwsf/Lsf]
egfO lyof]– …;/:jtLsf] d"lt{sf] rog s'g} wfld{s cfwf/df geP/ k|tLsfTds d"Nox¿sf cfwf/df ul/Psf] xf] .Ú sdnsf]
cf;gdfly plePsL dftf ;/:jtLsf] To; k|ltdfd'lg tLghgf afnaflnsf cWoog/t bzf{OPsf] 5, h;dWo] Pshgf
afns af/fs cf]afdf /x]sf] atfOPsf] 5 .
&= cfw'lgs 1fg–lj1fg / tslgssf] kmfF6df cu|0fL b]z hfkfgdf b]jL ;/:jtLnfO{ …a]GhfO6gÚ gfdn] ;Daf]wg ul/G5 .
pgLx¿ a]GhfO6gnfO{ ;a} k|jfxdfg j:t'÷tTj– h:t}– gbL, hn, ;do, jf0fL -jQm[Tj–zlQm, jflUdtf_ / Jofks ¿kdf
1fgs} clwi7fqL dfGb5g\ . hfkfgdf /x]sf b]jL a]GhfO6gsf k|ltdfx¿df b]jLsf b'O{ :j¿k b]lvG5 . Pp6f cf7 xft ePsL
b]jLsf] ¿kdf b]Vg kfOG5 eg] csf]{ :j¿kdf b]jLsf b'O{ xft dfq 5g\ . b]jLnfO{ ljzfn sdn k'ikd} a;]sf] bzf{OG5 . otf
jL0ff wf/0f ug]{ b]jL ptf …jLjfÚ gfdsf] jL0ff h:t} jfB–oGq wf/0f u/]sf] b]Vg kfpF5f}F .
5}6f}F cyjf ;ftf}F ztfAbLdf ef/tjif{af6 rLg x'Fb} hfkfg k'u]sf] ;/:jtL k"hg k/Dk/fs} lg/Gt/tfsf ¿kdf lnOG5 hfkfgL
a]GhfO6gsf] cf/fwgf k/Dk/f . ;du| hfkfgdf b]jL a]GhfO6gnfO{ ;dlk{t c;+Vo dlGb/x¿ 5g\ . pbfx/0fsf nflu, ;ufdL–
a]sf] Pgf]lzdf åLkdf, afO{jf tfnsf] lrs'a" åLkdf / ;]tf] Ogn]G8 ;fu/sf] O6's'lzdf åLkdf /x]sf dlGb/ a]GhfO6gnfO{
;dlk{t k|d'v dlGb/ x'g\ . ;+;f/s} ;a}eGbf cUnf] -@%) lkm6_ / cfsif{s ;/:jtL dlGb/ hfkfgsf] cf];fsf ;x/sf]
a]G6]Gz'df /x]sf] 5 .
o;afx]s klg o:tf sof}F b]z 5g\ hxfF :yfgLo efiff cg';f/ gfds/0f ePsf] 1fgsL b]jLsf] sNkgf ul/Psf] kfOG5 .
…cgflxtfÚ o:t} Pp6f gfd xf] . O{/fgdf cgflxtfnfO{ 1fg / snf–sf}znsL b]jL dflgG5 . To:t} hd{gLdf …:gf]qÚnfO{ 1fg,
ljj]s / cfTdlgoGq0fsL b]jL dflgPsf] 5 . k|mfG;, :k]g, OªNof08, a]lNhod, cl:6«of ;lxt sltko o"/f]kLo b]zx¿df
1fg / lzNksL b]jLsf ¿kdf …ldgjf{Ú nfO{ :d/0f ul/G5 . pgnfO{ ;+uLt, lrlsT;f zf:q / ul0ft ;lxt b}lgs hLjgsf
ljljw sfox¿df lgk'0ftf k|bfg ug]{ b]jL dflgPsf] 5 . k|frLg u|L;sf] Py]G; zx/sL ;+/lIfsf b]jL Py]gfnfO{ klg 1fg,
snf, ;fx;, k|]/0ff, ;Eotf, Gofo, ul0ft, ljhosL b]jL dflgPsf] 5 . 1fgsf] cf/fwgfsf] dxTj ;lbof}Fb]lv 5 / of] kl5
klg /lx/xg] 5 eGg]df s'g} z+sf 5}g . o;} sf/0f ;+;f/sf nueu k|To]s b]z / ToxfFsf ;+:s[ltdf 1fgsL b]jL cyjf
b]jtfsf] kl/sNkgf ul/Psf] kfOG5 .