EPANET 2.

0
CM NANG DNH CHO NGI
S DNG

CHNG 1: GII THIU

1.1. EPANET l g
EPANET l mt chng trnh my tnh thc hin vic m phng thi gian ko
di (extended period simulation) i vi ch thy lc v cht lng nc
trong cc mng li ng c p. Mt mng li bao gm ng, nt (mi ni ng),
bm, van v cc i nc hay b lu tr. EPANET theo di lu lng nc trong
mi ng, p lc ti mi nt, cao ca nc trong mi i nc, v nng
ca cc loi (species) ha cht trn ton mng li trong mt khong thi gian
m phng bao gm nhiu bc thi gian (time step). Ngoi cc loi (species)
ha cht, vic theo di (tracing) tui v ngun nc cng c th c m
phng.
EPANET c thit k nh l mt cng c nghin cu nhm nng cao s
hiu bit ca chng ta v chuyn ng v s phn ca cc thnh phn
(constituent) nc ung bn trong cc h thng phn phi. N c th c s
dng cho nhiu loi ng dng khc nhau trong phn tch cc h thng phn
phi. Vic thit k chng trnh ly mu th (sampling), nh c (calibration)
m hnh thy lc, phn tch lng Clo d, v nh gi mc nh hng
(exposure) ca khch hng l mt s v d. EPANET c th gip nh gi cc
chin lc qun l la chn (alternative) nhm ci thin cht lng nc trn
ton h thng. Nhng chin lc ny c th bao gm:

Thay th s s dng ngun trong nhiu h thng ngun,

Thay th cc lch bm v np/x i nc,

S dng x l v tinh (satellite) chng hn nh ti Clo ha (rechlorination) ti i nc,

Lm sch v thay th cc ng ch (targeted).

Chy trong Windows, EPANET cung cp mt mi trng thng nht

(integrated) cho iu chnh cc s liu nhp ca mng li, vn hnh m
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phng thy lc v cht lng nc v xem cc kt qu trong nhiu nh dng

khc nhau. Nhng nh dng ny bao gm cc bn mng li c m mu
(color-coded), cc bng s liu, v cc bn v ng vin (contour).
1.2 Cc kh nng lp m hnh thy lc
Lp m hnh y v chnh xc l iu kin tin quyt cho vic lp m
hnh cht lng nc hiu qu. EPANET cha mt gi tr trung bnh phn tch
thy lc ti tn gm cc kh nng sau:

Khng t ra gii hn i vi kch c ca mng li m c th c

phn tch

Tnh ton tn tht ct p do ma st s dng cc cng thc HazenWilliams, Darcy-Weisbach, hay Chezy-Manning

Bao gm nhng tht thot ct p cc b i vi cc im un, ng ni

v.v...

Lp m hnh cho my bm c tc khng i hay thay i

Tnh ton nng lng v chi ph bm

Lp m hnh nhiu loi van khc nhau bao gm cc van ng (shutoff), kim tra (mt chiu) (check), iu ha p lc v kim sot lu
lng (flow control).

Cho php cc i cha nc c bt c hnh dng no (c ngha l

ng knh c th thay i theo cao)

Xem xt nhiu loi nhu cu ti cc nt, vi kiu thay i thi gian

khc nhau.

Lp m hnh s pht ra (issuing) lu lng ph thuc vo p lc t

my pht (emitter) (ct p bnh phun (sprinkler)

C th lm cho vn hnh h thng c thc hin da trn c nhng

kim sot mc i nc hay thit b bm gi (timer) n gin ln
nhng kim sot (controls) da trn quy tc phc tp.

1.3. Kh nng lp m hnh cht lng nc

Ngoi lp m hnh thy lc, EPANET cn cung cp nhng kh nng lp m
hnh cht lng nc sau y:

Lp m hnh chuyn ng ca cht ch th (tracer) khng phn ng

thng qua mng li theo thi gian

Lp m hnh chuyn ng v s phn ca mt cht phn ng khi n

pht trin (v d, mt sn phm ph kh trng) hay phn r (v d
lng Clo d) theo thi gian.

Lp m hnh tui ca nc trn ton mng li

Theo di t l phn trm ca lu lng t mt nt cho m n c

tt c cc nt khc theo thi gian.

Lp m hnh cc phn ng trong c lu lng khi (bulk) v ti thnh

ng.

S dng ng lc hc th n lp m hnh cc phn ng trong lu

lng khi (bulk).

S dng ng lc hc th t zero hay th nht lp m hnh phn

ng ti thnh ng.

Gii thch (account for) nhng gii hn chuyn khi lng (mass
trasfer) khi lp m hnh cc phn ng ti thnh ng.

Cho php phn ng pht trin hay phn r tip din ti mt nng
hn ch.

S dng h s tc phn ng m c th c sa i trn c s

tng ng.

Cho php nng thay i theo thi gian hay nhp khi lng (mass
inputs) ti bt c v tr no trong mng li.

Lp m hnh cc i nc nh l cc cht phn ng (reactor) dng

chy pha trn hon ton, nt (plug), hay hai ngn.

Bng cch s dng cc c im ny, EPANET c th nghin cu nhng hin

tng cht lng nc nh:

Pha trn nc t cc ngun khc nhau

Tui ca nc trn ton b h thng

S tht thot ca Clo d

S pht trin ca nhng sn phn ph kh trng

Theo di nhng trng hp truyn cht nhim.

1.4. Cc bc trong s dng EPANET

Nhng bc in hnh sau y thng c p dng khi s dng EPANET
lp m hnh h thng phn phi nc:
1. V mt hnh biu din mng li ca h thng phn phi ca bn (xem
Phn 6.1) hay nhp mt m t c bn v mng li t trong mt tp tin
vn bn (xem Phn 11.4)
2. Sa i nhng c im ca cc i tng to thnh h thng (xem Phn
6.4)
3. M t lm th no vn hnh h thng (xem Phn 6.5)
4. Chn tp hp cc la chn phn tch (xem Phn 8.1)
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5. Chy chng trnh phn tch thy lc/cht lng nc (xem Phn 8.2)
6. Xem cc kt qu phn tch (xem Chng 9)
1.5. V cun cm nang ny
Chng 2 cun cm nang ny m t cch ci t EPANET v a ra mt
hng dn nhanh v cch s dng n. Nhng bn c khng quen vi nhng
im cn bn ca vic lp m hnh cc h thng phn phi cng c th xem li
Chng 3 trc trc khi i qua phn hng dn ny.
Chng 3 cung cp ti liu nn tng v cch EPANET lp m hnh mt h
thng phn phi nc. N hng dn v nhng thnh phn c bn to thnh
mt h thng phn phi cng nh nhng thng tin lp m hnh b sung, chng
hn nh nhng thay i thi gian v s kim sot vn hnh, c kim sot
nh th no. Chng cng cung cp mt ci nhn khi qut v vic thc hin s
m phng bng thy lc h thng v c im cht lng nc.
Chng 4 cho thy khng gian lm vic (workspace) ca EPANET c t
chc nh th no. N m t cc chc nng ca nhiu la chn trnh n khc
nhau v cc nt trn Toolbar (thanh cng c), v cch s dng ba ca s chnh
- Network Map, Browser v Property Editor.
Chng 5 bn v cc tp tin d n (project file) m lu tr tt c cc thng
tin cha trong m hnh EPANET ca mt h thng phn phi. N cho thy cch
to ra, m v lu nhng tp tin ny cng nh cch nh ra nhng la chn mc
nh. N cng bn n cch ng k d liu nh c (calibration data) m c
s dng so snh cc kt qu m phng vi nhng s o thc t.
Chng 6 m t cch bt u xy dng mt m hnh mng li ca h
thng phn phi vi EPANET. N cho thy cch to ra nhiu i tng khc
nhau (ng, bm, van, mi ni, i nc v.v...) m to nn mt h thng, cch
sa i c im ca cc i tng ny v cch m t s thay i ca nhu cu
v vn hnh h thng theo thi gian.

Chng 7 gii thch cch s dng bn mng li m cung cp hnh nh

bng th v h thng ang c lp m hnh. N cho thy cch xem cc
thng s thit k v tnh ton khc nhau theo kiu m mu (color-coded) trn
bn , cch thay i t l, phng to thu nh, v qut bn , cch t cc i
tng trn bn v nhng la chn no sn c ty bin b ngoi ca bn
.
Chng 8 cho thy cch chy chng trnh phn tch thy lc/cht lng
nc ca m hnh mng li. N m t nhiu la chn khc nhau m kim sot
cch thc hin s phn tch v a ra mt s b quyt gii quyt rc ri cn s
dng khi kim tra cc kt qu m phng.
Chng 9 bn n nhiu cch khc nhau xem phn tch. Nhng cch ny
bao gm nhng cch nhn khc nhau i vi bn mng li, nhiu loi biu
v bng khc nhau v mt vi loi bo co c bit.
Chng 10 gii thch cch in v sao chp nhng hnh nh c cp n
chng 9.
Chng 11 m t cch EPANET nhp v xut cc chui hin tng
(scenario). Mt chui hin tng (scenario) l tp hp nh cc d liu m t
c im ca cc iu kin hin ti m trong mt mng li ng ang c
phn tch (v d nh cc nhu cu khch hng, quy lut vn hnh, cc h s
phn ng cht lng nc v.v...). N cng bn n cch lu ton b c s d
liu ca mt chng trnh vo mt tp tin vn bn c th c c v cch
xut bn mng li vo nhiu nh dng khc nhau.
Chng 12 tr li nhng cu hi v vic EPANET c th c s dng nh
th no lp m hnh nhng loi tnh hung c bit, chng hn nh lp m
hnh cc i nc, tm ra lu lng ti a sn c ti mt p lc c th v lp
m hnh s pht trin ca cc sn phm ph kh trng.
Cun cm nang ny cng cha mt s ph lc. Ph lc A cung cp mt
bng cc n v biu din cho tt c cc thng s thit k v tnh ton. Ph lc
B l mt danh mc cc m thng ip, li v ngha ca chng m chng

trnh c th to ra. Ph lc C m t cch chy EPANET t mt gi dng lnh

trong ca s DOS v bn n nh dng ca cc tp tin c s dng vi kiu
vn hnh ny. Ph lc D cung cp cc chi tit ca nhng th tc v cng thc
c s dng bi EPANET trong cc thut ton phn tch thy lc v cht lng
nc ca n.

CHNG 2: HNG DN KHI U NHANH

Chng ny hng dn v cch s dng EPANET. Nu bn khng quen vi cc
thnh phn to thnh mt h thng phn phi nc v cch m t chng trong
cc m hnh mng li ng th c th trc ht bn phi n li hai phn u
tin ca Chng 3.
2.1. Ci t EPANET.
EPANET Phin Bn 2.0 c thit k s dng c trong h iu hnh
Windows 95/98/NT ca my tnh c nhn tng thch vi IBM/Intel. N c
phn b nh mt tp tin ring r, en2setup.exe., m cha mt chng trnh ci
t t trch (self-extracting). Mun ci t EPANET th:
1. Chn Run t trnh n Windows Start.
2. Nhp ng dn y v tn ca tp tin en2setup.exe. hay nhn nt
Browse t n trong my tnh ca bn.
3. Nhp nt OK bt u qu trnh ci t.
Chng trnh ci t s yu cu bn chn folder (directory) ni cc tp tin
EPANET s c t. Folder mc nh l c:\Program files\EPANET2. Sau khi cc
tp tin c ci t trnh n Start ca bn s c mt mc mi mang tn l
EPANET 2.0. Mun m EPANET ch cn chn mc ny t trnh n Start, sau
chn EPANET 2.0 t trnh n nh m xut hin trn mn hnh. (Tn ca tp tin
c th s dng chy EPANET trong Windows l epanet2w.exe.)
Nu bn mun xo EPANET ra khi my tnh ca bn, bn c th s dng
quy trnh sau:
1. Chn Settings t trnh n Windows Start.
2. Chn Control Panel t trnh n Settings
3. Nhp p ln mc Add/Remove Programs

4.

Chn EPANET 2.0 t danh mc ca cc chng trnh m xut hin trn

mn hnh.

5. Nhp nt Add/Remove.
2.2. V d mng li.
Trong phn hng dn ny chng ti s phn tch mng li phn phi n
gin c biu din trong Hnh 2.1 bn di. N bao gm mt b cha ngun
(v d nh: ging, sng ca nh my x l) m t nc c bm vo mt
mng li ng ng hai ng nhnh. Cng c mt ng dn ti mt i cha
nc m ni bn trn h thng. Cc nhn ID (ID label) cho nhiu thnh phn
khc nhau c biu din trong hnh. Cc nt trong mng li c cc c im
c biu din trong Bng 2.1. Cc c im ng c lit k trong Bng 2.2.
Ngoi ra, my bm (9) c th cung cp mt ct p bng 45m vi mt lu lng
(162 m3/h) , v i nc (Nt 8) c ng knh 18m, mc nc 1.05m, v mc
nc ti a 6m.

Hnh 2.1 V D Mng Li Ong

Bng 2.1 V D Cc c im Ca Mng Li Ong

Nt

cao (m)

Nhu cu
(m3/h)

210

210

213

40

210

40

195

54

210

40

210

249

Bng 2.2 V D Cc c im Ca Mng Li Ong

Nt

Chiu di
(m)

ng knh
(mm)

Yu t C

900

350

100

1500

300

100

1500

200

100

1500

200

100

1500

200

100

2100

250

100

1500

150

100

2100

150

100

2.3. Mc nh ban u

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Nhim v u tin ca chng ta l to ra mt thit lp mi trong EPANET v

m bo rng cc la chn mc nh nht nh c chn. bt u, hy m
EPANET, hay nu nh n ang chy ri th chn File >> New (t thanh trnh
n) to ra mt thit lp mi. Sau chn Project >> Defaults m biu
mu hp thoi c biu din trong Hnh 2.2. Chng ta s s dng hp thoi
ny yu cu EPANET t ng to nhn cho cc i tng mi bng nhng s
lin tip bt u t 1 khi chng c cng thm vo mng li. Trn trang ID
Labels ca hp thoi, hy xa tt c cc trng ID Prefix v nh ID Increment
bng 1. Sau chn trang Hydraulics (thy lc) ca hp thoi v nh chn la
Flow Units (n v lu lng) l CMH (m3/gi). iu ny ng rng cc n v
US Customary (M) cng s c s dng cho tt c cc lng nc khc
(chiu di tnh bng m, ng knh ng tnh bng mm, p lc tnh bng psi
v.v...). Cng hy chn cng thc Hazen-Williams (H-W) tnh tn tht ct p.
Nu bn mun lu cc la chn ny cho tt c cc project mi trong tng lai
bn c th nh du kim (check) hp Save di y ca biu trc khi chp
nhn n bng cch nhp nt OK.

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Hnh 2.2 Hp thoi Project Defaults

Tip theo chng ta s chn mt s la chn hin th bn sau cho khi
chng ta thm cc i tng vo bn , chng ta s nhn thy nhn ID (ID
label) ca chng v cc biu tng (symbol) c hin th. Chn View >>
Options hin ra biu thoi Map Options. Chn trang Notation trn biu ny
v nh du kim (check) cc ci t (settings) c biu din trong Hnh 2.3
bn di. Sau chuyn sang trang Symbols v nh du kim (check) tt c
cc hp. Nhp nt OK chp nhn nhng la chn ny v ng hp thoi li.
Cui cng, trc khi v mng li ca chng ta chng ta phi m bo rng
cc ci t t l bn ca chng ta l chp nhn c. Chn View >>
Dimensions lm hin ra hp thoi Map Dimensions. Lu cc kch c mc
nh c gn cho mt project mi. Nhng ci t ny s p ng v d ny, do
hy nhp nt OK.

Hnh 2.3 Hp thoi Map Options

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2.4 V Mng Li
By gi chng ta sn sng bt u v mng li ca chng ta bng cch s
dng con chut v cc nt nm trn Map Toolbar (Thanh Cng C Bn )
c biu din bn di. (Nu thanh cng c khng nhn thy c hy chn
View >> Toolbar >> Map).

Trc ht chng ta s thm vo b cha. Nhp nt Reservoir

.Sau nhp

chut trn bn ti a im ca b cha ( u pha bn tri ca bn ).

Sau chng ta s thm vo cc nt mi ni. Nhp nt Junction

v sau

nhp vo bn ti cc a im ca cc nt t 2 ti 7.
Cui cng ta thm i nc vo bng cch nhp nt Tank

v nhp bn

ni c i nc. Ti im ny bn mng li (Network Map) phi c dng

nh bn v trong Hnh 2.4.

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Hnh 2.4 Bn Mng Li (Network Map) sau khi thm cc nt

Sau chng ta s thm cc ng vo. Hy bt u vi ng 1 ni nt 2 vi
nt 3. Trc ht nhp nt Pipe

trn Toolbar (thanh cng c). Sau nhp

chut trn nt 2 trn bn v sau trn nt 3. Lu cch v s ca ng

khi bn di chuyn con chut t nt 2 ti nt 3. Hy lp li quy trnh ny cho
cc ng t 2 ti 7.
Pipe 8 c hnh ng cong. Mun v n, hy nhp chut trc trn Nt 5.
Sau khi bn di chuyn con chut ti nt 6, hy nhp ti nhng im m cn
n mt s duy tr hng duy tr hnh dng mong mun. Hy hon thnh
qu trnh bng cch nhp vo Nt 6.
Cui cng chng ta s thm my bm vo. Hy nhp nt Pump, nhp vo
nt 1 v sau nt 2. Sau chng ta s to nhn cho b cha, my bm v
i nc. Hy chn nt Text

trn Map Toolbar v nhp vo mt ni no

ng b cha li (Nt 1). Mt hp iu chnh s xut hin. Hy nh my vo

t SOURCE v sau g phm Enter. Nhp bn cnh my bm v sau nhp
nhn ca n vo, ri lm tng t cho i nc. Sau nhp nt Selection
trn Toolbar (thanh cng c) a bn vo ch Object Selection thay v
ch Text Insertion.
Ti thi im ny chng ta hon thnh vic v mng li v d. Network
Map ca bn phi trng nh bn Hnh 2.1. Nu cc nt nm sai v tr bn
c th di chuyn chng bng cch nhp vo nt chn n, v sau ko n
vi nt chut tri gi nguyn v tr mi ca n. Ch xem cc ng ni vi nt
c di chuyn cng vi nt nh th no. Cc nhn c th c thay i v tr
theo kiu tng t. Mun to hnh li cho Pipe 8 c dng ng cong:
1. Trc ht nhp ln Pipe 8 chn n v sau nhp nt nh v trn
Map Toolbar a bn vo ch ch Vertex Selection.
2. Chn mt im nh (vertex) trn ng bng cch nhp ln n v sau
ko n ti mt v tr mi vi nt chut tri gi nguyn.

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3. Nu cn, cc nh c th c thm vo hay xa khi ng bng cch

nhp chut phi v chn la chn ph hp t trnh n popup xut hin
trn mn hnh.
4. Khi kt thc, nhp

tr li ch Object Selection.

2.5 nh cc c tnh ca i tng (Object Properties)

Khi cc i tng c thm mt project chng c gn cho mt tp hp
cc c im mc nh. Mun thay i gi tr ca mt c im c th cho mt
i tng ta phi chn i tng vo Property Editor (Hnh 2.5). C mt s cch
khc nhau lm iu ny. Nu Editor nhn thy c th bn c th lm
cho n xut hin bng mt trong nhng bc sau y:

Nhp p vo i tng trn bn .

Nhp phi ln i tng v chn Properties t trnh n popup xut hin

trn mn hnh.

Chn i tng t trang Data ca ca s Browser v sau nhp nt

Browsers Edit.

Mi khi Property Editor c im tp trung bn c th nhn phm F1 c

c nhng m t y hn ca cc c im lit k

15

Hnh 2.5 Property Editor

Chng ta hy bt u sa i bng cch chn nt 2 vo Property Editor nh
biu din trn. By gi chng ta nhp cao v nhu cu cho nt ny trong
nhng trng hp thch hp. Bn c th s dng cc mi tn Up v Down trn
bn phm hay con chut di chuyn gia cc trng ny. Chng ta ch cn
nhp ln mt i tng khc (nt hay mi ni) lm cho cc c im ca n
xut hin tip trn Property Editor. (Chng ta cng c th nhn phm page
down hay page up di chuyn ti i tng tip theo hay i tng trc
thuc cng loi trong c s d liu) Nh vy chng ta c th ch cn di chuyn
t i tng ny sang i tng khc v in vo cao v nhu cu cho cc
nt, chiu di, ng knh v nhm (yu t C) cho cc mi ni.
i vi i nc bn s nhp cao ca n (700) trong trng Total Head
(Tng ct p). i vi i nc, nhp 830 cho cao ca n, 4 cho mc nc
ban u, 20 cho mc nc ti a ca n, v 60 cho ng knh ca n. i vi
my bm, chng ta cn phi n nh cho n mt ng cong my bm (mi
quan h gia ct p v lu lng). Nhp nhn ID (ID label) 1 trong trng Pump
Curve.
Tip theo chng ta s to ra Pump Curve 1. T trang Data ca ca s
Browser, chn Curves t danh mc ko v sau nhp nt Add

Mt Curve

1 mi s c thm vo c s d liu v biu thoi Curve Editor s xut hin

(xem Hnh 2.6). Hy nhp lu lng thit k my bm (600) v ct p (150)
vo biu ny. Phn trnh ca ng cong c biu din cng vi hnh dng
ca n. Nhp OK ng Editor.

16

Hnh 2.6 Curve Editor

2.6 Lu v m cc d n (Project)
Sau khi hon thnh thit k ban u ca mng li ca chng ta, cn
phi lu li cng vic ca chng ta vo mt tp tin vo thi im ny.
1. T trnh n File chn la chn Save as
2. Trong hp thoi Save as xut hin trn mn hnh, chn tn mt ngn
nga v tp tin lu project ny. Chng ti ngh nn t tn cho tp
tin ny l tutorial.net. (Mt phn m rng.net s c thm vo tn tp
tin nu ta khng t).
3. Nhp OK lu project ny vo tp tin.
Cc d liu ca project c lu vo tp tin trong mt nh dng nh phn
c bit. Nu bn mun lu cc d liu mng li vo tp tin di dng vn
bn c th c c, hy s dng lnh file >> Export >> Network thay vo .
Mun m project , chng ta chn lnh Open t trnh n File.
2.7 Vn hnh mt phn tch khong thi gian ring r
By gi chng ta c thng tin vn hnh mt phn tch thy lc
khong thi gian ring r (hay nh chp nhanh) trn mng li v d ca chng
ta. vn hnh s phn tch chn Project >> Run Analysis hay nhp nt Run
trn Standard Toolbar. (Nu thanh cng c khng nhn thy c hy chn
View >> Toolbars >> Standard t thanh trnh n.)
Nu s vn hnh khng thnh cng, mt ca s Status Report s xut hin
cho thy vn xy ra. Nu n vn hnh thnh cng, bn c th xem cc kt
qu tnh ton theo nhiu cch. Hy th mt s trong cc cch sau:

17

Chn Node Pressure t trang Browsers Map v quan st cc gi tr p lc

ti cc nt tr nn c m mu (color-coded) nh th no. Mun xem li
ch gii cho vic m mu (color-coding), hy chn View >> Legends >>
Node (hay nhp phi trn mt phn trng ca bn v chn Node
Legend t trnh n popup). Mun thay i khong cch v mu ca li
ch gii, hy nhp phi trn li ch gii lm cho Legend Editor xut
hin.

Lm xut hin Property Editor (nhp p trn bt c nt hay mi ni no)

v lu cc kt qu tnh ton c hin th cui danh mc c im.

Hy to ra mt danh sch kt qu bng bng biu bng cch chn

Report >> Table (hay bng cch nhp nt Table

trn Standard

Toolbar). Hnh 2.7 hin th mt bng nh vy cho cc kt qu mt xch

ca khong ny. Lu rng cc lu lng vi cc du m c ngha l lu
lng hng i lp vi hng m ng c v ban u.

Hnh 2.7 Bng v d cc kt qu mi ni

2.8 Vn hnh mt phn tch thi gian ko di (Extended Period)
lm cho mng li ca chng ta hin thc hn cho vic phn tch mt
thi gian vn hnh ko di chng ta s to ra mt kiu thi gian m t ra cc
18

lnh ti cc nt they i mt cch nh k trong ngy. i vi v d n gin

ny chng ra s s dng mt bc thi gian m hnh 6 gi nh vy lm cho cc
lnh thay i vo bn thi gian khc nhau trong ngy (mt bc thi gian
Pattern 1 gi l mt con s tiu biu hn v l s mc nh gn cho cc project
mi.) Chng ta nh ra bc thi gian m hnh bng cch chn Options-Times
t Data Browser, nhp nt Browsers Edit lm cho Property Editor xut hin
(nu nh n khng nhn thy c), v nhp 6 cho gi tr ca Bc Thi Gian
M Hnh (nh c biu din trong Hnh 2.8 bn di). Trong khi chng ta c
Time Options sn c chng ta cng nh ra khong thi gian m chng ta
mun thi gian ko di (extended period simulation) vn hnh. Hy s dng
mt khong thi gian 3 ngy (nhp 72 gi cho c im Duration).

Hnh 2.8 Times Options

Mun to ra m hnh, hy chn loi Patterns trong Browser v sau nhp
nt Add. Mt Pattern 1 mi s c to ra v hp thoi Pattern Editor s xut
hin (Xem Hnh 2.9). Hy nhp cc gi tr 0,5; 1,3;, 1,0; 1,2 cho cc khong
thi gian 1 ti 4 m s cho m hnh ca chng ta mt khong thi gian l 24
gi. Cc s nhn c s dng sa i nhu cu t mc cn bn ca n trong
mi khong thi gian. V chng ta ang to ra mt vn hnh 72 gi, m hnh s
bao quanh bt u sau mi khong thi gian 24 gi.

19

Hnh 2.9 Pattern Editor

By gi chng ta cn phi n nh Pattern 1 cho c im Damand Pattern ca
tt c cc mi ni trong mng li ca chng ta. Chng ta c th s dng mt
trong cc Hydraulic Options ca EPANET trnh vic phi sa i mi mi ni
mt cch ring r. Nu bn lm xut hin Hydraulic Options trong Property
Editor bn s thy rng c mt mc gi l Default Pattern. Vic nh cho gi tr
ca n bng 1 s lm cho Demand Pattern ti mi mi ni bng Pattern 1, mt
khi khng c m hnh no khc c gn cho mi ni.
Tip theo vn hnh s phn tch (chn Project >> Run Analysis hay nhp nt
nh v trn Standard Toolbar). i vi phn tch khong thi gian ko di
(extended period) bn c mt s cch na xem kt qu:

20

Thanh cun trong cc nt kim sot Time ca Browser c s dng

hin th bn mng li ti nhng thi im khc nhau. Hy th thc
hin iu ny vi Pressure c chn nh l thng s nt v Flow nh l
thng s mi ni.

Cc nt theo kiu VCR trong Browser c th kch hot bn theo thi

gian. Hy nhp nt

Forward (chy ti) bt u kch hot v nt Stop

ngng n li.

Hy thm cc mi tn hng dng chy vo bn (chn View >>

Options, chn trang Flow Arrows t hp thoi Map Options, v nh
du kim (check) mt kiu mi tn m bn mun s dng). Sau hy
bt u kch hot li v lu s thay i hng dng chy qua ng ni
vi i nc khi i nc nhn nc v x nc theo thi gian.

Hy to ra mt bn v lot thi gian cho bt c nt hay mi ni no. V

d, mun xem cao ca nc trong i nc thay i nh th no theo
thi gian:
1. Nhp vo i nc.
2. Chn Report >> Graph (hay nhp nt Graph

trn Standard Toolbar)

m s hin th mt hp thoi Graph Selection.

3. Hy chn nt Time Series trn hp thoi.
4. Chn Head nh l thng s v.
5. Nhp OK chp nhn vic chn biu ca bn.
Hy lu hnh vi nh k ca cao nc trong i nc theo thi gian
(Hnh 2.10)

21

Hnh 2.10 V D Bn V Lot Thi Gian

2.9 Vn Hnh Mt Phn Tch Cht Lng Nc
Tip theo chng ti cho thy cch ko di phn tch mng li mu ca
chng ti bao gm cht lng nc. Trng hp n gin nht l theo di s
pht trin ca tui ca nc trn ton b mng li theo thi gian. thc
hin phn tch ny chng ta ch phi chn Age cho c im Parameter trong
Quality Options (chn Quality Options t trang Data ca Browser, sau nhp
nt Edit Browser lm cho Property Editor xut hin.) Hy vn hnh phn tch
v chn Age nh l thng s xem trn bn . Hay to ra mt bn v lot
thi gian cho Age trong i nc. Lu rng khng nh mc nc, 72 gi
khng phi l thi gian i nc t ti hnh vi nh k cho tui ca
nc. (iu kin mc nh ban u l bt u tt c cc nt vi tui bng 0.)
Hy th lp li vic m phng s dng mt khong thi gian 240 gi hay n
nh mt tui ban u bng 60 gi cho i nc (nhp 60 nh l gi tr ca
Initial Quality trong Property Editor cho i nc).
Cui cng chng ti cho thy cch m phng s vn chuyn v h hng
(decay) ca Clo qua mng li. Hy thc hin nhng thay i sau cho c s d
liu:
1. Chn Options-Quality sa i t Data Browser. Trong trng Property
Editors Parameter hy g vo t Chlorine.

22

2. Hy chuyn sang Options-Reactions trong Browser. i vi Global Bulk

Coefficient hy nhp mt gi tr bng -1,0. iu ny phn nh tc m
ti Clo s b phn r do nhng phn ng trong lu lng khi theo thi
gian. Tc ny s p dng cho tt c cc ng trong mng li. Bn c
th sa i gi tr ny cho cc ng ring r nu bn cn.
3. Hy nhp vo nt i nc v n nh Initial Quality ca n bng 1,0.
y s l nng Clo m lin tc i vo mng li. (Hy n nh li cht
lng ban u trong Tank bng 0 nu nh bn thay i )
By gi hy vn hnh v d. Hy s dng cc nt kim sot Time trn Map
Browser xem cc mc Clo thay i theo v tr v thi gian nh th no trn
ton b s m phng. Hy lu i vi mng li n gin ny, ch c cc mi
ni 5, 6, v 7 nhn thy cc mc Clo b gim xung do c cung cp bi nc
Clo thp t i nc. Hy to ra mt Reaction Report (Bo Co Phn ng) cho
s vn hnh ny bng cch chn Report >> Reaction t trnh n chnh. Bo
co ny phi trng nh Hnh 2.11. N cho thy trung bnh lng Clo tht thot
l bao nhiu xy ra trong cc ng i lp vi i nc. Thut ng khi ch cc
phn ng xy ra trong cht lng khi trong khi thnh ch cc phn ng vi
vt liu trn thnh ng. Phn ng sau bng zero v chng ta khng nh r
bt c h s phn ng thnh no trong v d ny.

23

Hnh 2.11 V D V Reaction Report (Bo Co Phn ng)

Chng ta ch mi chm ti b mt ca nhiu kh nng khc nhau m EPANET
cung cp. Mt s c im na ca chng trnh m bn phi th nghim l:

Sa i mt c im cho mt nhm cc i tng nm bn trong mt

khu vc xc nh bi ngi s dng.

S dng cc cu trnh by Control da s vn hnh my bm vo thi

gian trong ngy hay cc mc nc i nc.

Kho st cc Map Options khc nhau, chng hn nh lm cho kch c ca

nt lin quan ti gi tr.

Gn mt bn backdrop (chng hn nh mt bn ng ph) vo

bn mng li.

To ra nhiu loi biu khc nhau, chng hn nh cc bn v mt ct

v cc bn v g ng mc.

Thm cc s liu nh c vo mt project v xem mt bo co nh c.

Sao chp bn , biu , hay mt bo co vo vng lu tr tm hay

mt tp tin.

Lu v xem li mt kch bn thit k (c ngha l, cc nhu cu nt hin

ti, cc gi tr nhm ng v.v...)

24

CHNG 3: M HNH MNG LI

Chng ny bn v cch EPANET lp m hnh cc i tng vt l m to
thnh mt h thng phn phi cng nh cc thng s vn hnh ca n. Cc
chi tit v vic thng tin ny c nhp vo chng trnh nh th no c
hin th trong cc chng sau. Mt phn khi qut cng c cung cp theo
cc phng php tnh ton m EPANET s dng m phng hnh vi thy lc
v vn chuyn cht lng nc.
3.1 Cc Thnh Phn c bn
EPANET lp m hnh mt h thng phn phi nh l mt tp hp cc mt xch
c ni vi cc nt. Cc mt xch i din cho cc ng, my bm, v van iu
khin. Cc nt i din cho cc mi ni, i nc, v b cha. Hnh di y
minh ha cc i tng ny c th c ni vi nhau nh th no to thnh
mt mng li.

Hnh 3.1 Cc Thnh Phn C bn Trong Mt H Thng Phn Phi Nc

Cc Mi Ni
Cc mi ni l nhng im trong mng li ni cc mt xch ni li vi nhau
v ni nc i vo hay ra khi mng li. Cc s liu u vo cn bn c i
hi cho cc mi ni l:

25

cao bn trn mt chun no (thng c ngha l mc nc bin

trung bnh)

Nhu cu nc (tc rt nc t mng li)

Cht lng nc ban u.

Cc kt qu u ra c tnh ton cho cc mi ni trong mi khong thi gian

m phng l:

Ct p thy lc (nng lng bn trong trn trng lng n v ca cht

lng)

p lc

Cht lng nc

Cc mi ni cng c th:

C nhu cu thay i theo thi gian

C nhiu loi nhu cu khc nhau n nh cho chng

C cc nhu cu m ch ra rng nc ang i vo mng li

Cha cc emitter (hay bnh phun (sprinkler) m lm cho tc dng

chy ra ph thuc vo p lc.

B Cha
B cha l nhng nt i din cho ngun nc bn ngoi hay khng xc
nh ti mng li. Chng c s dng lp m hnh cho nhng th nh h,
sng, cc tng ngm nc ngm, v cc tie-ins ti nhng h thng khc. Cc
b cha cng c th ng vai tr nh l nhng im ngun cht lng nc.

26

Cc c im u vo u tin cho b cha l ct p thy lc ca n (bng vi

cao mt nc nu b cha khng c p) v cht lng ban u ca n cho
phn tch cht lng nc.
V b cha l mt im ranh gii ti mt mng li, ct p v cht lng nc
ca n khng th b nh hng bi nhng g xy ra bn trong mng li. Do
n khng c cc c im u ra theo tnh ton. Tuy nhin ct p ca n c
th c lm cho thay i theo thi gian bng cch n nh mt m hnh thi
gian cho n (xem Time Patterns (Cc M Hnh Thi Gian bn di).
i Nc
i nc l cc nt vi kh nng lu tr, ni lng nc lu tr c th thay
i theo thi gian trong mts m phng. Cc c im u vo ban u cho
cc i nc l:

cao y (ni mc nc bng khng)

ng knh (hay hnh dng nu khng phi hnh tr)

Cc mc nc ban u, trung bnh hay ti a

Cht lng nc ban u.

Cc u ra chnh c tnh theo thi gian l:

ct p thy lc ( cao mt nc)

cht lng nc.

Cc i nc i hi phi vn hnh trong phm vi mc ti thiu v ti a ca

chng. EPANET ngng dng chy ra nu mt i nc mc ti thiu ca n
v ngng dng chy vo nu n mc ti a. Cc i nc cng c th ng
vai tr nh l cc im ngun cht lng nc.
on ng.

27

on ng c ni vn chuyn nc t mt im trong mng li n mt

im khc. Epanet chp nhn y tt c cc on ng tt c thi im.
Hng lu lng bt u t im c ct p cao n ni c ct p thp. Cc s
liu thy lc ch yu t vo trong on ng l:

Nt du v nt cui

ng knh ng

Chiu di

H s tn tht p lc trong ng

Hin trng (m, ng hoc cha van)

Kt qu tnh ton cho cc ng bao gm:

Tc dng chy

Vn tc

Tn tht ct p

Yu t ma st Darcy-Weisbach

Tc phn ng trung bnh (trn chiu di ng)

Cht lng nc trung bnh (trn chiu di ng)

Ct p thy lc b tht thot bi nc chy trong ng do ma st vi thnh ng

c th c tnh ton s dng mt trong ba cng thc khc nhau:

Cng thc Hazen-Williams

Cng thc Darcy-Weisbach

Cng thc Chezy-Manning

28

Cng thc Hazen-Williams l cng thc tn tht ct p thng c s dng

nht ti M. N khng th c s dng cho cc cht lng khc ngoi nc v
ban u ch c pht trin cho dng chy ri. Cng thc Darcy-Weisbach
ng nht v mt l thuyt. N c p dng cho tt c cc ch dng chy
v cho tt c cc cht lng. Cng thc Chezy-Manning c s dng ph bin
hn cho dng chy trong knh m.
Mi cng thc s dng phng trnh sau tnh ton tn tht ct p gia nt
u v nt cui ca ng:
hL = AqB
trong hL = tn tht ct p (m), q = tc dng chy (Lng nc/thi gian),
A = h s sc cn, v B = s m lu lng. Bng 3.1 lit k cc biu thc cho
h s sc cn v cc gi tr cho s m lu lng cho mi cng thc. Mi cng
thc s dng mt h s nhm ng khc nhau m phi c xc nh theo
kinh nghim. Bng 3.2 lit k cc phm vi chung ca nhng h s ny cho cc
loi vt liu ng mi khc nhau. Hy ch rng h s nhm ng c th thay
i ng k theo tui.
Vi cng thc Darcy-Weisbach EPANET s dng cc phng php khc nhau
tnh ton yu t ma st f ty thuc vo ch dng chy:

Cng thc Hagen-Poiseuille c s dng cho dng chy tng (Re <
2.000).

Con s xp x Swamee v Jain vi phng trnh Colebrook-White c s

dng cho dng chy ri (Re>4.000).

Mt php ni suy (interpolation) khi t Moody Diagram (Biu ) c

s dng cho dng chy chuyn tip (2.000 < Re < 4.000).

Hy tham kho Ph Lc D v cc phng trnh thc t c s dng.

Bng 3.1 Cc Cng Thc Tn Tht Ct p ng Cho Lu Lng y

29

(cho tn tht ct p tnh bng ft v tc dng chy tnh bng cf)

Cng thc

H s sc cn (A)

S m lu lng (B)

Hazen-Williams

4,727 C-1,852d-4,871L

1,852

Darcy-Weisbach

0,0252f(, d, q)-5L

Chezy-Manning

4,66n2d-5,33L

Lu : C = h s nhm Hazen-Williams
= h s nhm Darcy-Weisbach (ft)
f = yu t ma st (ph thuc vo , d, v q)
n = h s nhm Manning
d = ng knh ng (ft)
L = chiu di ng (ft)
q = tc dng chy (cfs)

Bng 3.2 Cc H S Nhm Cho ng Mi

Vt liu

Hazen-Williams C Darcy-Weisbach (ft x

(khng c n v)

103)

n ca Manning
(khng c n
v)

Gang xm

130-140

0,85

0,012-0,015

120-140

1,0-10

0,012-0,017

120

0,5

0,015-0,017

Nha

140-150

0,005

0,011-0,015

Thp

140-150

0,15

0,015-0,017

tng

hay

tng lt
St trng km

30

Men s

110

0,013-0,015

Cc ng c th c nh cho m hay ng vo nhng thi gian hin ti hay

khi nhng iu kin c th tn ti, chng hn nh khi cc mc nc i nc
gim xung di hay trn mt s im n nh, hay khi cc p lc nt gim
xung di hay trn mt s gi tr. Hy xem Phn tho lun v Cc nt kim
sot (controls) trong Phn 3.2.
Nhng tht thot nh
Nhng tht thot ct p nh (xem thm nhng tht thot v tr) b gy ra bi
s hn lon thm vo m xy ra ti cc im un v mi ni. Tm quan trng
ca vic bao gm nhng tht thot nh vy ph thuc vo cch b tr ca
mng li v chnh xc i hi. Chng c th c gii thch bng cch gn
cho ng mt h s tht thot nh. S tht thot nh tr thnh sn phm ca
h s ny v ct p tc ca ng, c ngha l
hL = K

v2
2g

trong K = h s tht thot nh, v = tc dng chy (m/s), v g = gia tc

trng trng. Bng 3.3 cung cp cc h s tht thot nh cho mt s loi mi
ni.
Bng 3.3 H S Tht Thot Nh Cho Mt S Loi Mi Ni La Chn
MI NI

H S THT THOT

Van cu, m ht c

10,0

Van gc, m ht c

5,0

Van ng u a, m ht

2,5

c
Van cng, m ht c

0,2

31

Ct bn knh ngn

0,9

Ct bn knh trung bnh

0,8

Ct bn knh di

0,6

Ct 45

0,4

ng cong ng

2,2

T chun-dng chy qua

0,6

ng
T chun-dng chy qua

1,8

nhnh
Li vo hnh vung

0,5

Li thot

1,0

My Bm
My bm l nhng mt xch m truyn nng lng cho mt cht lng qua
nng ct p thy lc ln. Cc thng s u vo chnh cho mt my bm l
cc nt u v cui ca n v ng cong my bm ca n (kt hp gia ct
p v lu lng m my bm c th to ra). Thay cho mt ng cong my
bm, my bm c th c coi nh l mt thit b nng lng khng i, mt
thit b cung cp mt lng nng lng khng i (m lc hay kilowat) cho tt
c cc kt hp gia lu lng v ct p.
Cc thng s u ra chnh l lu lng v ct p tng thm. Lu lng qua
mt my bm l mt chiu v EPANET s khng cho php mt my bm vn
hnh bn ngoi phm vi ca ng cong my bm ca n.
Cc my bm c tc thay i cng c th c xem xt bng cch nh
r rng gi tr (setting) tc ca chng thay i trong cng loi iu kin.
Theo nh ngha, ng cong my bm ban u c cung cp cho chng
trnh c mt gi tr (setting) tc tng i bng 1. Nu tc my bm gp
i, th gi tr (setting) tng i s l 2; nu chy vi na tc , th gi tr

32

(setting) tng i bng 0,5 v.v. Vic thay i tc bm chuyn v tr v hnh

dng ca ng cong my bm (xem Phn ng Cong My Bm bn di).
Nh vi cc ng, my bm c th c bt v tt vo nhng thi gian c
nh trc hay khi mt s iu kin nht nh tn ti trong mng li. S vn
hnh ca mt my bm cng c th c m t bng cch n nh cho n mt
kiu thi gian vi nhng gi tr (setting) tc tng i. EPANET cng c th
tnh ton s tiu th nng lng v chi ph my bm. Mi my bm c th c
n nh mt ng cong h s v thi gian biu gi nng lng. Nu chng
khng c cung cp th mt tp hp cc la chn nng lng s c s
dng.
Lu lng qua bm l mt chiu. Nu cc iu kin h thng i hi nhiu
ct p hn my bm c th to ra, EPANET s ng my bm li. Nu nhiu
hn lu lng ti a c i hi, EPANET ngoi suy ng cong my bm ti
lu lng theo yu cu, ngay c khi iu ny to ra mt ct p m. Trong c
hai trng hp mt thng ip khuyn co s c a ra.
Van
Van l nhng mt xch m gii hn p lc hay lu lng ti mt thi im c
th trong mng li. Cc thng s u vo chnh ca chng bao gm:

Cc nt u v cui

ng knh

Gi tr (setting)

Trng thi

Cc gi tr u ra c tnh ton cho mt van l tc dng chy v tn tht

ct p.
Cc loi van khc nhau c bao gm trong EPANET l:

33

Van gim p (PRV)

Van gi p (PSV)

Van ngt p (pressure breaker) (PBV)

Van kim sot lu lng (FCV)

Van kim sot tit lu (TCV)

Van mc ch chung (GPV)

Cc PRV gii hn p lc ti mt im trong mng li ng. EPANET tnh ton

l mt PRV c th u trong ba trng thi khc nhau:

M mt phn (c ngha l tch cc) t c gi tr (setting) p lc ca

n pha cui dng ca n khi p lc u dng cao hn gi tr (setting).

m hon ton nu p lc u dng thp hn gi tr (setting)

ng nu p lc pha cui dng vt qu p lc pha u dng

Cc PSV duy tr mt p lc n nh ti mt im c th trong mng li ng.

EPANET tnh ton l mt PSV c th u trong ba trng thi khc nhau:

M mt phn (c ngha l tch cc) duy tr gi tr (setting) p lc ca

n pha u dng ca n khi p lc cui dng thp hn gi tr ny

m hon ton nu p lc cui dng cao hn gi tr (setting)

ng nu p lc pha cui dng vt qu p lc pha u dng (c

ngha l dng chy ngc khng c php).

PBV buc mt s tht thot p lc xc nh xy ra qua van. Dng chy qua

van c th theo mt trong hai hng. PBV khng phi l thit b c bn thc s

34

nhng c th c s dng lp m hnh cc tnh hung m mt s st

gim p lc c th c bit l tn ti.
Cc FCV gii hn lu lng ti mt lng xc nh. Chng trnh a ra mt
thng ip cnh bo nu lu lng ny khng th duy tr c m khng phi
thm vo ct p b sung ti van (c ngha l lu lng khng th duy tr c
ngay c vi van m hon ton).
Cc TCV m phng mt van ng mt phn bng cch iu chnh h s tn
tht ct p nh ca van. Mt mi quan h gia mc ng ca van v h s
tn tht ct p ko theo thng sn c t nh sn xut van.
GPV c s dng i din cho mt mt xch ni ngi s dng cung cp
mt lu lng c bit-mi quan h tn tht ct p thay v theo mt trong
nhng cng thc thy lc chun. Chng c th c s dng lp m hnh
cc tucbin, cc van ngn dng chy ngc.
Cc van ngt (cng) v van kim tra (khng chy ngc), m m hay ng
ng hon ton, khng c coi l cc mt xch van ring r m thay vo
c bao gm nh mt c im ca ng ni chng c t.
Mi loi van c mt loi thng s gi tr (setting) khc nhau m m t im
vn hnh ca n (p lc cho cc PRV, PSV, v PBV; lu lng cho cc FCV; h
s tn tht cho cc TCV, v ng cong tn tht ct p cho cc GPV).
Cc van c th c tnh trng kim sot b gi ln nhau khi ta nh r l
chng hon ton m hay hon ton ng. Tnh trng ca van v gi tr
(setting) ca n c th c thay i trong mt s m phng bng cch s
dng cc trng thi kim sot.
Do cch lp m hnh van m cc quy tc sau y c p dng khi thm
vo mt mng li:

mt PRV, PSV hay FCV c th c ni trc tip vo mt b cha hay i

nc (s dng mt chiu di ng tch hai vt ra)

35

cc PRV khng th chia s cng mt mt xch cui dng hay ni vo mt

chui

hai PSV khng th chia s cng mt mt xch cui dng hay ni vo mt

chui

mt PSV khng th c ni vo nt cui dng ca mt PRV.

3.2 Cc Thnh Phn khng C bn

Ngoi cc thnh phn c bn, EPANET cn p dng ba loi i tng
thng tin-ng cong, m hnh, kim sot-m m t hnh vi v cc kha cnh
vn hnh ca mt h thng phn phi.
ng Cong
ng cong l cc i tng c cha cc cp s liu ch mi quan h gia
hai lng. Hai i tng hay hn c th chia s cng mt ng cong. Mt m
hnh EPANET c th s dng cc loi ng cong sau:

ng Cong My Bm

ng Cong Tnh Hiu Qu

ng Cong Dung Tch

ng Cong Tn Tht Ct p

ng Cong My Bm
Mt ng Cong My Bm i din cho mi quan h gia ct p v tc
dng chy m mt my bm c th to ra ti gi tr (setting) tc danh ngha
ca n. Ct p l ct p tng thm cho nc bi my bm v c v trn trc
tung (Y) ca ng cong tnh bng ft (mt). Tc dng chy c v trn trc
honh (X) ca ng cong tnh bng n v lu lng. Mt ng cong my
bm hp l phi c ct p gim dn vi lu lng tng dn.

36

EPANET s s dng mt hnh dng ng cong my bm khc ty thuc vo s

im c cung cp (xem Hnh 3.2):

Hnh 3.2 V D Cc ng Cong My Bm

ng cong mt im-Mt ng cong my bm mt im c xc nh bi
mt kt hp ct p-lu lng ring r i din cho mt im vn hnh mong
mun ca my bm. EPANET thm hai im na vo ng cong bng cch gi
nh mt ct p ng ti lu lng zero bng 133% ct p thit k v mt lu

37

lng ti a vi ct p zero bng hai ln lu lng thit k. Khi n x l

ng cong nh l ng cong ba im.
ng cong ba im. Mt ng cong my bm ba im c xc nh bi ba
im vn hnh: mt im lu lng thp (lu lng v ct p trong iu kin
lu lng thp hay bng zero), mt im lu lng thit k (lu lng v ct p
ti im vn hnh mong mun), v mt im lu lng ti (lu lng v ct p
vi lu lng ti a). EPANET c gng khp vo mt hm lin tc ca biu
hG = A-BqC
qua ba im xc nh ton b ng cong my bm. Trong hm ny, hg =
ct p tng thm, q = tc dng chy, v A, B, v C l cc hng s.
ng cong nhiu im-Mt ng cong nhiu im c xc nh bng cch
cung cp mt cp im ct p-lu lng hay bn hay hn nhng im nh vy.
EPANET to ra mt ng cong hon chnh bng cch ti cc im li bng cc
on thng.
i vi cc tc my bm thay i, ng cong my bm dch chuyn khi tc
thay i. Cc mi quan h gia lu lng (Q) v ct p (H) cc tc N1
v N2 l
Q1 N 1

Q2 N 2

H1 N1

H 2 N 2

ng Cong Tnh Hiu Qu

Mt ng cong tnh hiu qu xc nh tnh hiu qu ca my bm (Y tnh
bng t l phn trm) nh mt hm ca tc dng chy my bm (X tnh
bng n v lu lng). Mt v d ng cong tnh hiu qu c biu din
trong Hnh 3.3. Tnh hiu qu phi i din cho tnh hiu qu dy-ti-nc
(wire-to-water) m c tnh n nhng tht thot c kh trong bn thn my
bm cng nh nhng tht thot v in trong mt my bm. ng cong ch
c s dng cho nhng tnh ton nng lng. Nu khng c cung cp cho

38

mt my bm c th th tnh hiu qu my bm ton th c nh s c s

dng.

Hnh 3.3 ng Cong Tnh Hiu Qu My Bm

ng Cong Dung Tch
Mt ng cong dung tch xc nh dung tch lu tr (Y tnh bng ft khi hay
mt khi ) thay i nh mt hm ca mc nc (X tnh bng ft hay mt). N
c s dng khi cn phi m t chnh xc cc i nc m din tch mt ct
thay i theo cao. Nhng mc nc trn v di c cung cp cho ng
cong phi cha nhng mc trn v di m i nc vn hnh trong . Mt v
d v ng cong dung tch i nc c cho di y.

39

Hnh 3.4 ng Cong Dung Tch i Nc

ng Cong Tn Tht Ct p
Mt ng Cong Tn Tht Ct p c s dng m t tn tht ct p
(Y tnh bng ft khi hay mt khi) thng qua van mc ch chung (GPV) nh
mt hm ca tc dng chy (X tnh bng n v lu lng). N cung cp kh
nng lp m hnh cc thit b v cc tnh hung vi nhng mi quan h tn
tht ct p-lu lng duy nht, chng hn nh cc van gim lu lng-ngn
nga dng chy ngc, tucbin, v hnh vi tc h thp mc nc ging
(well draw-down behaviour).
Cc Kiu Thi Gian
Kiu thi gian l mt tp hp cc s nhn m c th c p dng cho mt
lng cho php n thay i theo thi gian. Cc nhu cu nt, ct p b cha,
thi gian biu my bm, v cc thng s u vo ca ngun cht lng nc
c th c tt c cc kiu thi gian lin quan ti chng. Khong thi gian c
s dng trong tt c cc kiu l mt gi tr c nh, c n nh vi cc La
Chn Thi Gian ca project (Xem Phn 8.1). Trong khong cch ny mt lng
vn nm mt mc khng i, bng vi sn phm c gi tr danh ngha ca n
v s nhn ca kiu cho khong thi gian . Mc d tt c cc kiu thi gian
phi s dng cng mt kiu thi gian, mi kiu c th c mt s khong thi
gian khc nhau. Khi ng h m phng vt qu s khong thi gian trong mt
kiu, th kiu s bao quanh khong thi gian u tin ca n mt ln na.
Nh mt v d v vic cc kiu thi gian lm vic nh th no hy xem xt mt
nt mi ni vi mt nhu cu trung bnh bng 10 gpm. Hy gi s rng khong
cch ca kiu thi gian c n nh l 4 gi v mt kiu vi nhng s nhn
sau y c nh r cho nhu cu ti nt ny:
Khong thi

gian

40

00,5

0,8

1,0

1,2

0,9

0,7

Khi trong khi m phng nhu cu thc t ti nt ny s nh sau:

Khong thi

0-4

4-8

8-12

12-16

16-20

20-24

24-28

10

12

gian

Kim Sot (Controls)

Kim sot nhng bo co m xc nh mng li vn hnh nh th no theo
thi gian. Chng nh r tnh trng ca cc mt xch c chn nh mt hm
thi gian, mc nc ca i nc, v p lc ti nhng im chn trong
mng li. C hai loi kim sot c th c s dng:

Kim Sot n Gin (Simple Control)

Kim Sot Da Trn Quy Tc (Rule-Based Control)

Kim Sot n Gin (Simple Control)

Kim Sot n Gin (Simple Control) lm thay i trng thi hay gi tr
(setting) ca mt mt xch da trn:

mc nc trong mt i nc

p lc ti mt mi ni,

thi gian vo s m phng,

thi gian trong ngy.

Chng l nhng dng c din t trong mt trong ba nh dng sau:

LINK x status IF NODE y ABOVE / BELOW z
LINK x status AT TIME t

41

LINK x status AT CLOCKTIME c AM / PM

trong :
x = mt nhn hiu ID mt xch,
status = M hay NG (OPEN or CLOSED), mt gi tr (setting) tc my
bm, hay mt gi tr (setting) van kim sot,
y = mt nhn hiu ID nt,
z = mt p lc cho mt mi ni hay mt mc nc cho mt i nc,
t = mt thi gian t khi bt u m phng tnh bng gi thp phn hay
bng k hiu gi:pht
c = mt thi gian ng h 24 gi
Mt s v d v nhng kim sot n gin l:
Dng kim sot

ngha

LINK 12 CLOSED IF NODE 23 ABOVE 20

(ng Mt xch 12 khi mc nc

trong i nc 23 vt qu 20 ft.)
(ng Mt xch 12 nu p lc ti nt

LINK 12 CLOSED IF NODE 130 BELOW

130 gim xung di 30 psi)

30

(An nh tc tng i ca bm
12 ti 1,5 ti 15 gi vo s m
LINK 12 1.5 AT TIME 16

phng)
(Mt xch 12 c ng lp i lp li
vo 10 gi sng v m ti 8 gi chiu

LINK 12 CLOSED AT CLOCKTIME 10 AM

trn ton b s m phng)

42

LINK 12 OPEN AT CLOCKTIME 8 PM

Khng c gii hn v s dng kim sot n gin m c th c s dng.

Lu : Nhng kim sot (controls) c trnh by v cao ca nc bn trn
y i nc, ch khng phi l cao (ton b ct p) ca mt nc.
Ch : vic s dng mt cp kim sot p lc m v ng mt mt xch c
th lm cho h thng tr nn bt n nu cc gi tr (setting) p lc qu gn
nhau. Trong trng hp ny vic s dng cp kim sot Da Trn Quy Tc
(Rule-Based control) c th gip n nh hn.
Kim Sot Da Trn Quy Tc (Rule-Based Control)
Kim Sot Da Trn Quy Tc (Rule-Based Control) cho php ni trng thi v
cc gi tr m s da trn mt kt hp gia cc iu kin m c th tn ti
trong mng li sau khi trng thi thy lc ban u ca h thng c tnh.
Sau y l mt s v d v Kim Sot Da Trn Quy Tc (Rule-Based Control).
V d 1:
B quy tc ny ng my bm v m mt ng vng khi mc nc trong mt
i nc vt qu mt gi tr nht nh v ngc li khi mc nc bn di
mt gi tr khc.
QUY TC 1:
NU MC NC I NC 1 CAO HN 19,1
TH TNH TRNG CA BM 335 L NG

43

V TNH TRNG CA NG 330 M.

QUY TC 2:
NU MC NC I NC 1 DI 17,1
MT MC TH TNH TRNG CA BM 335 L M
V TNH TRNG CA NG 330 L NG.
V d 2:
Cc quy tc ny lm thay i mc nc i nc m ti my bm bt ln
ty vo thi gian trong ngy.
QUY TC 3:
NU GI NG H CA H THNG >=8 GI SNG
V GI NG H CA H THNG < 6 GI CHIU
V MC NC CA I NC 1 DI 12
TH TNH TRNG CA BM 335 L M
QUY TC 4:
NU GI NG H CA H THNG >=6 GI SNG
V GI NG H CA H THNG < 8 GI CHIU
V MC NC CA I NC 1 DI 14
TH TNH TRNG CA BM 335 L M
Mt phn m t cc nh dng c s dng vi nhng kim sot (controls)
da trn quy tc c th c tm thy trong Ph lc C, di tiu [RULE]
3.3 M hnh m phng thy lc
44

M hnh m phng thy lc ca EPANET tnh ton cc ct p ti mi ni v

lu lng ti mt xch cho mt tp hp cc mc nc b cha, mc nc i
nc, v nhu cu nc c nh trong mt chui cc thi im lin tip. T mt
bc thi gian ti mc nc i nc tip theo v cc nhu cu mi ni c
cp nht theo cc kiu thi gian c quy nh ca chng trong khi cc mc
nc i nc c cp nht c s dng php gii lu lng hin ti. Php gii
cho cc ct p v lu lng ti mt thi im c th lin quan n vic gii
quyt ng thi phng trnh bo ton lu lng cho ni mi ni v mi quan
h tn tht ct p qua mi mt xch trong mng li. Qu trnh ny, c bit
nh l cn bng thy lc mng li, i hi s dng mt k thut lp gii
cc phng trnh phi tuyn tnh lin quan. EPANET p dng Thut Ton ng
Dc cho mc ch ny. Hy tham kho chi tit trong Ph lc D.
Bc thi gian thy lc s dng cho m phng thi gian ko di (extended
period simulation) (EPS) c th c n nh bi ngi s dng. Gi tr tiu
biu l 1 gi. Cc bc thi gian ngn hn bnh thng s xy ra t ng mi
khi mt trong nhng s kin sau xy ra:

Khong thi gian bo co tip theo xy ra

Khong thi gian kiu thi gian xy ra

Mt i nc tr nn cn hay y

Mt Kim Sot n Gin (Simple Control) hay Kim Sot Da Trn Quy
Tc (Rule-Based Control) c kch hot.

3.4 M hnh m phng cht lng nc

Vn chuyn c bn
Phn mm m phng cht lng nc ca EPANET s dng mt phng
php da trn thi gian Lagrangian theo di s phn ca cc gi nc ring
r khi chng chuyn ng dc theo ng v ha trn vi nhau ti cc mi ni
gia cc bc thi gian c chiu di c nh. Cc bc thi gian cht lng

45

nc thng ngn hn nhiu so vi bc thi gian thy lc (v d, pht thay v

gi) cha nhng khong thi gian di chuyn ngn xy ra trong ng.
Phng php ny theo di nng v kch thc ca mt lot cc phn
nc khng trng nhau m lm y mi mt xch ca mng. Khi thi gian tri
qua, kch thc ca phn gn thng ngun nht trong mt mng li tng ln
khi nc i no mng li trong khi mt lng tht thot cng bng nh vy v
mt kch c ca phn gn h lu nht xy ra khi nc ri khi mt xch. Kch
thc ca cc phn gia nhng phn ny vn gi khng i.
i vi mi bc thi gian cht lng nc, ni dung ca mi phn phi
chu s phn ng, mt bn k (account) tch ly c gi li v tng khi lng
v lu lng i vo mi nt, v v tr ca cc phn c cp nht. Nhng nng
nt mi khi c tnh, m bao gm nhng s ng gp t bt c ngun
bn ngoi no. Cc nng i nc c cp nht ty thuc vo loi m hnh
pha trn c s dng (xem bn di). Cui cng, mt phn mi s c to ra
ti cui ca mi mt xch nhn dng chy vo t mt nt nu cht lng nt
mi khc v dung sai nh r bi ngi s dng vi dung sai ca phn cui
cng ca mt xch.
Ban u mi ng trong mng li bao gm mt phn n l m cht lng
ca n bng vi cht lng ban u c n nh cho nt thng ngun. Mi
khi c mt s o dng trong mt ng, th cc gi ca ng c thay i trt t
theo trt t t trc ra sau.
EPANET c th s dng bn loi m hnh khc nhau m t c im pha
trn trong cc i nc nh c minh ha trong Hnh 3.5:

Pha trn hon ton

Pha trn hai ngn

Lu lng FIFO Plug

Lu lng LIFO Plug

(A) Pha trn hon

ton toan

(B) Pha trn hai ngn

46
(C) Lu lng FIFO Plug

(D) Lu lng LIFO

Plug

Hnh 3.5 M hnh pha trn i nc

Cc m hnh khc nhau c th c s dng vi nhng i nc khc
nhau trong mng li.
M hnh Pha trn Hon Ton (Hnh 3.5 (a)) gi nh rng ton b nc i
vo mt i nc c pha trn ngay nc th v hon ton vi nc c
trong i nc. y l hnh thc hnh vi pha trn n gin nht m ta gi nh,
khng i hi thm thng s m t n, v c v nh c p dng kh tt
cho mt s nhiu cng trnh vn hnh theo kiu fill-and-draw.
M hnh Pha trn Hai ngn (Hnh 3.5 (b)) chia dung lng lu tr sn c
trong i nc thnh hai ngn, m c hai u c gi nh l pha trn hon
ton. Cc ng u vo/u ra ca i nc c gi nh l t ti ngn u
tin. Nc mi i vo i nc pha trn vi nc trong ngn u tin. Nu
ngn nga ny y, th n s gi lng nc trn ca n sang gn th hai ni
n hon ton pha trn vi nc c lu tr trong . Khi nc ri khi i

47

nc, n ra khi ngn th nht, m y, nhn mt lng nc tng ng

t ngn th hai dung ha s khc nhau. Ngn th nht c th m phng
on mch gia dng chy vo v dng chy ra trong khi ngn th hai c th
tiu biu cho cc khu vc cht. Ngi s dng phi cung cp mt thng s n
l, m l phn nh ca ton b dung tch i nc dnh cho ngn u tin.
M hnh Lu Lng FIFO Plug (Hnh 3.5 (c)) gi nh rng khng h c s
pha trn nc trong thi gian c mt ca n trong i nc. Cc gi nc di
chuyn qua i nc theo mt kiu c lp ni gi nc u tin i vo cng l
gi u tin ri khi. V mt c bn, m hnh ny ph hp nht cho cc i
nc c y bng vn hnh vi dng chy vo v chy ra ng thi. Khng c
thng s no na cn thit m t m hnh pha trn ny.
M hnh Lu Lng LIFO Plug (Hnh 3.5 (d)) cng gi nh rng khng c
s pha trn gia cc gi nc m i vo i nc. Tuy nhin tri vi Lu Lng
FIFO Plug, cc gi nc chng ng ln nhau, ni m nc i vo v ri khi
i nc. Loi m hnh ny c th p dng cho cc ng ng cao, hp vi mt
ng vo/ra y v dng chy vo c xung lng thp. N khng i hi cung
cp thm cc thng s.
Cc phn ng cht lng nc
EPANET c th theo di s pht trin hay phn r ca mt cht bng
phn ng khi n i qua mt h thng phn phi. thc hin iu ny cn
phi bit c tc phn ng ca cht v tc ny c th ph thuc vo
nng ca cht nh th no. Cc phn ng c th xy ra c trong lu lng
khi v vi vt liu dc theo thnh ng. iu ny c m t trong Hnh 3.6.
Trong v d ny Clo t do (HOCI) c cho thy l phn ng vi cht hu c t
nhin (NOM) trong giai on khi v cng c vn chuyn qua mt lp bin
gii ti thnh ng xy ha st (Fe) c gii phng t s n mn thnh ng.
Cc phn ng cht lng khi cng c th xy ra bn trong cc i nc.
EPANET cho php mt ngi lp m hnh x l nhng vng phn ng ny mt
cch ring r.

48

Hnh 3.6 Cc Vng Phn ng Bn Trong Mt ng

Cc phn ng khi
EPANET lp m hnh cc phn ng xy ra trong lu lng khi vi ng hc th
t th n, ni tc d phn ng tc thi (R tnh bng khi lng/dung tch/thi
gian) c gi nh l ph thuc vo nng theo
R = KbCn
Trong Kb = h s tc phn ng khi, C = nng cht phn ng (khi
lng/dung tch), v n = th t phn ng. Kb c cc n v nng c nng
ln nng lng (1-n) chia cho thi gian. N dng i vi cc phn ng pht
trin v m i vi cc phn ng phn r.
EPANET cng c th xem xt cc phn ng m mt nng gii hn tn
ti trn s pht trin ti u ca cht hay s tht thot ca cht. Trong trng
hp ny biu thc tc tr thnh
R = Kb (CL-C)C(n-1) i vi n >0, Kb >0
R = Kb (C-CL)C(n-1) i vi n >0, Kb < 0
trong CL = nng hn ch. Nh vy c ba thng s (Kb, CL, v n) c s
dng biu th c im ca cc tc phn ng khi . Mt s trng hp
c bit v cc m hnh ng hc ni ting bao gm cc trng hp sau (Xem
thm v d Ph lc D).

49

M hnh

Thng s

V d

Phn r th t th nht

CL = 0, Kb < 0, n = Clo
1

S pht trin bo ha th t
th nht

Trihalometan
CL > 0, Kb > 0, n =
1

Tui ca nc

ng hc th t zero
CL = 0, Kb < > 0, n
Khng phn ng

Nguyn t nh du Florua

=0
CL = 0, Kb = 0

Kb cho cc phn ng th t th nht c th c c tnh bng cch t mt

mu nc trong mt lot cc chai thy tinh khng phn ng v phn tch dung
lng ca mi chai ti nhng thi im khc nhau. Nu phn ng l th t th
nht, th vic v lga (log) t nhin (C/Co) trn thi gian s dn n mt ng
thng, trong Ct l nng vo thi gian t v Co l nng vo thi gian
zero. Kb khi c c tnh nh l ch dc ca ng ny.
Cc h s phn ng khi thng tng khi nhit tng. Vic vn hnh nhiu
cuc th trong chai vi nhng nhit khc nhau s cung cp s nh gi
chnh xc hn v vic h s tc thay i theo thi gian nh th no.
Cc phn ng thnh
Tc ca cc phn ng cht lng nc xy ra ti hay gn thnh ng c th
c coi l ph thuc vo nng trong lu lng khi bng cch s dng mt
biu thc ca biu
R = (A/V)KwCn
Trong Kw = h s tc phn ng thnh v (A/V) = din tch b mt trn
dung tch n v trong mt ng (bng ng knh ng chia cho 4). Gi tr sau
chuyn khi lng phn ng trn n v din tch thnh sang mt c s trn
dung tch n v. EPANET gii hn chn la th t phn ng thnh ti 0 hay 1,

50

sao cho cc n v ca Kw l khi lng/din tch/thi gian hay chiu di/thi

gian, theo th t . Nh vi Kb, Kw phi c cung cp cho chng trnh bi
ngi lp m hnh. Cc gi tr Kw th t th nht c th nm trong bt c
phm vi no t khng cho ti 5 ft/ngy.
Kw phi c iu chnh gii thch cho bt c gii hn chuyn i khi lng
no trong vic vn chuyn cc cht phn ng v sn phm gia lu lng khi
v thnh. EPANET lm iu ny mt cch t ng, vi s iu chnh da trn
khuch tn phn t ca cht c lp m hnh v s Reynolds ca dng
chy. Xem thm chi tit trong ph lc D (Vic n nh khuch tn phn t
bng zero s lm cho tc ng chuyn i khi lng c b qua.)
H s phn ng thnh c th ph thuc vo nhit v cng c th c
tng quan vi tui v vt liu ng. Mt iu d thy l khi cc ng kim loi
c dng lu nm nhm ca chng c xu hng tng ln do vic hnh
thnh lp v ngoi v lp sn si ca cc sn phm n mn trn thnh ng. S
tng nhm ny to ra mt yu t C Hazen-Williams thp hn hay mt h s
nhm Darcy-Weisbach cao hn, dn n tn tht ct p ma st ln hn
trong lu lng qua ng.
C mt s dn chng cho thy rng cng cc qu trnh m lm tng nhm
ca ng theo thi gian c xu hng tng kh nng phn ng ca thnh ca n
vi mt s loi ha cht, c bit l Clo v cc cht kh trng khc. EPANET c
th lm cho Kw ca mi ng tr thnh mt hm ca h s c s dng m
t nhm ca n. Mt hm khc p dng ph thuc vo cng thc c s
dng tnh ton tn tht ct p qua ng:
Cng thc tn tht ct p

Cng thc phn ng thnh

Hazen-Williams

Kw = F/C

Darcy-Weisbach

Kw = -F/loga(e/d)

Chezy-Manning

Kw = F/n

51

trong C = h s nhm Hazen-Williams, e = nhm Darcy-Weisbach, d =

ng knh ng, n = h s nhm Manning, v F = h s phn ng thnh-
nhm ng. H s F phi c pht trin t cc s o c trng theo hin
trng v s c mt ngha khc ty thuc vo phng trnhtn tht ct p
no c s dng. u im ca vic s dng phng php ny l n ch i hi
mt thng s, F, cho php cc h s phn ng thnh thay i trn ton
mng li theo mt cch c ngha v mt c bn.
Theo di tui v ngun nc
Ngoi vic vn chuyn ha cht, EPANET cng c th lp m hnh nhng
thay i trong tui ca nc trn ton b h thng phn phi. Tui ca nc l
thi gian tri qua bi mt gi nc trong mng li. Nc mi i vo mng li
t cc i nc hay cc nt ngun i vo vi tui bng zero. Tui ca nc
cung cp mt thc o n gin, khng c trng v cht lng tng th ca
nc ung c cung cp. Xt trong ni ti, EPNAET x l tui nh mt thnh
phn phn ng m s phn trin ca n i theo mt ng hc th t zero vi
mt hng s tc bng 1 (c ngha l, mi giy nc tr nn c i mt giy).
EPANET cng c th th hin s theo di ngun. S theo di ngun theo di
theo thi gian bao nhiu phn trm nc n bt c nt no trong mng li
c ngun gc ca n ti mt nt c th. Nt ngun c th l bt c nt no
trong mng li, bao gm cc i nc hay i nc. Xt trong ni ti, EPANET
x l nt ny nh mt ngun khng i ca mt thnh phn khng phn ng i
m vo mng li vi nng bng 100. Theo di ngun l mt cng c c ch
phn tch cc h thng phn phi ly nc t hai ngun cung cp nc th
hay nhiu hn. N c th cho thy nc t mt ngun cho pha trn vi nc
t cc ngun khc mc no, v kiu khng gian ca s pha trn ny thay
i theo thi gian nh th no.

52

CHNG 4: KHNG GIAN LM VIC CA EPANET

Chng ny bn n cc c im thit yu ca khng gian lm vic ca
EPANET. N m t thanh trnh n chnh, cc thanh cng c v trng thi, v
ba ca s c s dng thng xuyn nht-Bn mng li (Network Map),
Browser, v Property Editor. N cng cho thy cch nh ra cc u tin chng
trnh.
4.1 Khi Qut
Khng gian lm vic ca EPANET c bn c trnh by trong hnh bn di. N
bao gm cc yu t giao din ngi s dng sau: Mt thanh trnh n, hay
thanh cng c, mt thanh trng thi, ca s Network Map, mt ca s Browser,
v mt ca s Property Editor. Phn m t mi yu t ny c cung cp trong
cc phn di y.

53

4.2 Thanh Trnh n

Thanh trnh n nm trn u ca khng gian lm vic ca EPANET cha mt
tp hp cc trnh n c s dng kim sot chng trnh. Chng bao
gm:

Trnh n File

Trnh n Edit

Trnh n View

Trnh n Project

Trnh n Report

Trnh n Window

Trnh n Help

Trnh n File
Trnh n File cha cc lnh m v lu cc tp tin d liu v in:
Lnh

M t

New

To ra mt project EPANET mi

Open

M mt project EPANET hin hu

Save

Lu project hin ti

Save as

Lu project hin ti di mt tn khc

Import

Nhp cc d liu mng li hay bn t mt tp tin

54

Export

Nhp cc d liu mng li hay bn vo mt tp tin

Page Setup

nh ra l trang, tiu u trang v tiu cui trang in

Print Preview Xem trc mt bn in vi hnh nh hin ti

Print

In hnh nh hin ti

Preferences

nh ra cc u tin cho chng trnh

Exit

Thot EPANET

Trnh n Edit
Trnh n Edit cha cc lnh sa i v chp
Lnh

M t

Copy to

Chp hnh nh hot ng trong hin ti (bn , bo co, biu

hay bng vo vng lu tr tm hay vo tp tin
Cho php chn mt i tng trn bn

Select
Object

Cho php chn cc im nh (vertices) lin kt trn bn

Select

Cho php chn mt vng c khung vin trn bn

Vertex
Lm cho vng c khung vin tr thnh ton b khu vc bn c
Select

th xem c

Region
Sa i mt c im cho nhm i tng nm trong vng c
Select All

khung vin ca bn

Group Edit
Trnh n View

55

Trnh n View kim sot cch xem bn mng li

Lnh

M t

Dimensions

Cc kch thc ca bn

Backdrop

Cho php xem mt bn th xung (backdrop)

Pan

Cc qut qua bn

Zoom In

Phng to trn bn

Zoom Out

Thu nh trn bn

Full Extent

V li bn ht c

Find

nh v tr mt i tng c th trn bn

Query

Tm kim cc i tng trn bn m p ng cc tiu chun

c th

Overview
Map

Bt/tt Overview Map

Legends

Kim sot vic hin th cc cu ch gii bn

Toolbars

Bt/tt cc thanh cng c

Options

nh ra cc la chn b ngoi ca bn

Trnh n Project
Trnh n Project bao gm cc lnh lin quan n project hin ti ang c
phn tch
Lnh

M t

Summary

Cung cp mt phn m t tm tt cc c im ca project

Defaults

Sa i cc c im mc nh ca mt project

56

Calibration

ng k cc tp tin c cha cc cc D liu nh C

Data

(Calibration Data)
vi project

Analysis

Sa i cc la chn phn tch

Options
Vn hnh mt s m phng
Run Analysis
Trnh n Project
Trnh n Project bao gm cc lnh lin quan n project hin ti ang c
phn tch
Lnh

M t

Status

Bo co nhng thay i trong trng thi ca cc mt xch theo

thi gian

Energy
Bo conng lng c tiu th bi mi my bm
Calibration
Bo co nhng im khc nhau gia cc gi tr m phng v
Reaction
Full

o lng
Bo co nhng tc phn ng trung bnh trn ton mng
li

Graph

To ra mt Bo Co y cc kt qu tnh ton cho tt c

cc nt v mt xch trong tt c cc khong thi gian m c
lu vo mt tp tin vn bn n gin

Table

To ra cc bn v lot thi gian (time series), mt ct, tn s,

v ng vin ca cc thng s c chn

Options
To ra mt hnh nh hin th bng bng biu nt c chn v
cc lng mt xch

57

Kim sot kiu hin th ca mt bo co, biu , hay bng

Trnh n Window
Trnh n Window cha cc lnh sau:
Lnh

M t

Arrange

Sp xp li tt c cc ca s con nm kht bn trong ca s

chnh

Close All
ng tt c cc ca s m (tr Map v Browser)
Window List
Lit k tt c cc ca s m; ca s c chn m c tiu
im trong hin ti
Trnh n Help
Trnh n Window cha cc lnh sau c c s tr gip khi s dng
EPANET:
Lnh

M t

Help Topics

Hin th hp thoi Help Topics ca h thng Help

Units

Lit k cc n v o lng cho tt cc cc thng s EPANET

Tutorial

Trnh by mt hng dn ngn gii thiu ngi s dng vi

EPANET

About
Lit k cc thng tin v phin bn ca EPANET ang c s
dng
Help nhy cm vi ng cnh cng sn c bng cch nhn phm F1.
4.3 Cc Thanh Cng C
58

Cc thanh cng c cung cp nhng li tt (shortcut) cho cc vn hnh thng

c s dng. C hai thanh cng c nh vy:

Standard Toolbar

Map Toolbar

Cc thanh cng c c th c a vo bn di thanh trnh n chnh hay

c ko ti bt c v tr no trong khng gian lm vic ca EPANET. Khi khng
c a vo bn di, chng cng c th c iu chnh kch c. Cc thanh
cng c c th c l cho nhn thy c hay khng nhn thy c bng
cch chn View >> Toolbars.
Standard Toolbar
Standard Toolbar cha cc nt tc cho cc lnh thng c s dng.
M mt project mi (File >> New)
M mt project EPANET hin hu (File >> Open)
Lu project hin ti (File >> Save)
In ca s hot ng trong hin ti (File >> Print)
Chp phn la chn vo b nh tm hay mt tp tin (Edit >> Copy to)
Xo i tng la chn hin ti
Tm ra mt i tng c th trn bn (View >> File)
Vn hnh mt s m phng (Project >> Run Analysis)
Vn hnh mt cu hi nhn thy trn bn (View >> Query)

To ra mt hnh nh biu mi v cc kt qu (Report >> Graph)

To ra mt hnh nh bng bng mi v cc kt qu (Report >> Table)
Sa i cc la chn cho hnh nh hot ng trong hin ti (View >>
Options hay (Report >> Options)

59

Map Toolbar
Map Toolbar cha cc nt lm vic vi Network Map.
Chn mt i tng trn bn (Edit >> Select Object)
Chn cc im nh lin kt (Edit >> Select Vertex)
Chn mt khu vc trn bn (Edit >> Select Region)
bn (View >> Pan)
Phng to trn bn (View >> Zoom In)
Thu nh trn bn (View >> Zoom Out)
Ko bn ra ht c (View >> Full Extent)
Thm mt mi ni vo bn
Thm mt b cha vo bn
Thm mt i nc vo bn
Thm mt ng vo bn
Thm mt my bm vo bn
Thm mt van vo bn
Thm mt nhn vo bn
4.4 Thanh Trng Thi (Status Bar)
Status Bar xut hin y ca khng gian lm vic EPANET v c chia ra
thnh bn phn hin th cc thng tin sau:

Auto Length-ch ra s tnh ton t ng chiu di ng c bt hay tt

Flow Units-hin th cc n v lu lng hin ti ang c hiu lc

Zoom Level-hin th mc phng hin ti cho bn (t l y l

100%)

Run Status-mt biu tng vi nc cho thy:

60

- khng c nc chy nu khng sn c kt qu phn tch no,

- nc chy khi cc kt qu phn tch sn c nhng c th khng c hiu
lc v cc d liu mng li c sa i.

V tr XY-hin th ta ca bn v tr hin ti ca con tr chut.

4.5 Bn Mng Li (Network Map)

Network Map cung cp mt biu honh cc i tng to nn mt mng
li phn phi nc. V tr ca cc i tng v khong cch gia chng khng
nht thit phi tun theo t l vt l thc ca chng. Cc c im chn la ca
nhng i tng ny, chng hn nh cht lng nc ti cc nt hay tc
dng chy trong cc mt xch, c th c hin th bng cch s dng cc mu
khc nhau. S m mu (color-coded) c m t trong mt Legend, m c th
c sa i. Nhng i tng mi c th thm trc tip vo bn v cc i
tng hin hu c th c nhp ln sa i, xa, v thay i v tr. Mt bn
v th xung (backdrop) (chng hn nh mt con ng hay mt bn a
hnh) c th c t ng sau bn mng li tham kho. Bn c th
c phng ti bt c t l no v t v tr ny n v tr khc. Cc nt v cc
mt xch c th c v vi kch c, mi tn hng dng chy c thm vo,
v cc biu tng i tng, cc nhn ID (ID label) v gi tr c im bng s
c hin th. Bn c th c in, sao chp vo b nh tm Windows, hay
xut nh mt tp tin DXF hay tp tin m t Windows.
4.6 Data Browser
Data Browser (c biu din bn di) c truy xut t tab Data trn ca s
Browser. N cho php truy xut nhiu i tng khc nhau, theo loi (mi ni,
ng v.v.) m c cha trong mng li ang c phn tch. Cc nt y
c s dng thm vo, xa, v iu chnh nhng i tng ny.

61

Chn mt loi tng

Lit k cc mc trong loi c chn

Cc nt thm vo, xa, iu chnh

4.7 Map Browser

Map Browser (c biu din bn di) c truy xut t tab Map ca ca s
Browser. N chn cc thng s v khong thi gian m c nhn thy t kiu
m mu (color-coded) trong Network Map. N cng cha nhng kim sot
(controls) kch hot bn theo thi gian.

Chn mt bin s nt xem

Chn mt bin s mt xch
xem
Chn mt khong thi gian
xem
S hin th bn theo thi gian
nh tc kch hot

62

Cc nt bm (pushbutton) kim sot trn Map Browser lm vic nh sau:

Quay li t u (tr li thi gian ban u)
Kch hot tr li theo thi gian
Ngng kch hot
Kch hot ti trc theo thi gian

4.8 Property Editor

Property Editor (biu din pha bn tri) c s
dng sa i cc c im ca cc nt mng
li, mi ni, nhn, v la chn phn tch. N
c dng n khi mt trong nhng i tng
ny c chn (trn Network Map hay trong Data
Browser) v nhp i hay nt Edit ca Browser
c nhp. Cc im sau gip gii thch cch s
dng Editor.

Editor l mt khung li hai ct-mt cho tn ca c im v mt cho gi

tr ca n.

Cc ct c th c thay i kch c bng cch thay i kch c trn nh

ca Editor bng chut.

Ca s Editor c th c chuyn v thay i kch c thng qua cc quy

trnh Windows bnh thng.

Mt du hoa th tip theo mt tn c im c ngha n l mt c im

mong mun-gi tr ca n khng c b trng.

63

Ty vo c im, trng gi tr c th l mt trong nhng iu sau y:

Mt vn bn bn nh vo mt gi tr

Mt danh mc ko ni bn chn t mt danh mc cc la chn

Mt nt du ngoc cung m bn nhp vo a ra mt chng trnh

sa i chuyn bit

Mt nhn ch c c s dng hin th cc kt qu tnh ton

c im trong Editor m hin ti c tiu im s c lm ni bt vi

mt ci nn mu trng

Bn c th s dng c con chut v cc phm mi tn ln v xung trn

bn phm di chuyn gia cc c im.

bt u sa i c im vi tiu im, bt u g mt gi tr hay

nhn phm Enter.

lm cho EPANET chp nhn rng bn nhp, C di chuyn sang mt

c im khc; mun hy b, nhn nt Esc.

Nhp vo nt Close gc trn bn phi ca thanh tiu ca n s giu

c Editor.

4.9 Program Preferences

Program Preferences cho php bn nh ty mt s c im chng trnh.
Mun nh Program Preferences hy chn Preferences t trnh n File. Mt biu
thoi Preferences s xut hin cha hai trang c tab-mt cho General
Preferences v mt cho Format Preferences.
General Preferences

64

Cc im u tin sau c th c nh ra trn trang General ca hp thoi

Preferences:
Preferences

M t

Bolt Fonts

nh du kim s dng cc font m trong tt c cc

ca s mi c to ra
nh du kim lm cho nt, mt xch, hay nhn trn

Blinking Map Hiliter

s nhp nhy trn bn bt hay tt

nh du kim hin th nhn ID v gi tr thng s

Flyover Map Labeling

Confirm Deletions

hin ti trong di dng gi mi khi con chut c

t trn mt nt hay mt xch trn bn mng li
nh du kim hin th hp thoi xc nhn trc khi
xa bt c i tng no

Automatic

Backkup nh du kim lu mt bn sao d tr ca mt project

File

mi c m no cho a c t tn vi ui l.bak
Tn ca th mc (folder) ni m EPANET vit cc tp tin
tm thi ca n

Temporary Directory
Ch : Temporary Directory phi l mt th mc tp tin (folder) ni m ngi s
dng c c quyn vit v phi c ch lu cc tp tin m c th d dng
pht trin n vi ngn megabyte cho cc mng li v cc vn hnh m
phng ln hn. S mc nh ban u l directory Windows TEMP (thng l c:\
Windows\Temp).

65

Cc Preference nh Dng
Trang Formats ca hp thoi Preferences kim sot bao nhiu ch thp phn
c hin th khi cc kt qu ca nhng thng s tnh ton c bo co. Hy
s dng cc danh mc ko chn mt thng s Node hay Link c th. Hy
s dng cc sa i spin chn s ch thp phn c hin th cho bt c
thng s thit k nhp c th no, chng hn nh ng knh ng, chiu di
v.v... l bt c ci g m ngi s dng nhp.

66

CHNG 5: LM VIC VI CC D N (PR O JECT)

Chng ny bn n vic EPANET s dng cc tp tin d n (project file) nh
th no lu tr cc d liu ca mt mng li ng. N m t cch nh ra
mt s la chn mc nh cho project v cch ng k cc cc D liu nh C
(cc s o quan st c) vi project s dng cho vic nh gi m hnh.
51. M V Lu Cc Tp Tin D n (project file)
Cc tp tin d n (project file) cha tt c cc thng tin c s dng lp m
hnh mt mng li. Chng thng c t tn vi ui.NET.
Mun to ra mt project mi:
1. Chn File >> New t thanh trnh n hay nhp

trn Standard Toolbar.

2. Bn s c gi lu project hin hu (nu nhng thay i c thc hin

cho n) trc khi project mi c to ra.
3. Mt project mi, khng c tn c to ra vi tt c cc la chn c
nh ra cho cc gi tr mc nh ca chng.
Mt project mi t ng c to ra mi khi EPANET bt u ln u tin.
Mun m mt project hin hu c lu trong a:
1. Chn File >> Open t thanh trnh n hay nhp

trn Standard

Toolbar.
2. Bn s c gi lu project hin ti (nu nhng thay i c thc hin
cho n).
3. Chn tp tin m t biu thoi Open File m s xut hin trn mn
hnh. Bn c th chn m mt loi tp tin c lu trc y nh mt
project EPANET (thng vi ui.NET) hay c xut nh mt tp tin vn

67

bn (thng vi ui.INP). EPANET nhn ra cc loi tp tin theo ni dung,

ch khng theo tn ca chng.
4. Nhp OK ng hp thoi v m tp tin c chn.
Mun lu mt project di tn hin ti ca n:

Chn File >> Save t thanh trnh n hay nhp

trn Standard

Toolbar.
Mun lu mt project s dng mt tn khc:
1. Chn File >> Save As t thanh trnh n.
2. Mt biu thoi File Save chun s xut hin m t bn c th chn
ngn nga v tn lu cho project.
Ch : Cc project lun c lu nh cc tp tin c s nh phn .NET. Mun lu
cc d liu ca mt project nh l vn bn ASCII c th c c, hy s dng
lnh Export >> Network t trnh n File.
5.2 Cc Gi Tr Mc nh D n (Project Defaults)
Mi project c mt tp hp cc gi tr mc nh c s dng tr khi b ln
bi ngi s dng EPANET. Cc gi tr ny c phn thnh ba loi:

Cc nhn ID (ID label) mc nh (cc nhn c s dng nhn bit cc

nt v mt xch khi chng c to ra ln u tin)

Cc c im nt/mt xch mc nh (v d cao nt, chiu di ng,

ng knh, v nhm)

Cc la chn phn tch thy lc mc nh (v d, h thng cc n v,

phng trnh tn tht ct p v.v.)

Mun nh ra cc gi tr mc nh cho mt project:

68

1. Chn Project >> Defaults t thanh trnh n.

2. Mt biu thoi Defaults s xut hin vi ba trang, mi trang vo mt loi
c lit k bn trn.
3. nh du kim vo hp bn phi pha di ca biu thoi nu bn cng
mun lu nhng lc chn ca bn s dng trong tt c cc project mi
trong tng lai.
4. Nhp OK chp nhn s la chn cc mc nh ca bn.
Cc mc c th cho mi loi mc nh s c bn tip sau y.
Cc nhn ID (ID label) mc nh
Cc nhn ID (ID label) mc nh ca biu thoi Defaults c biu din trong
Hnh 5.1 bn di. N c s dng xc nh vic EPANET s n nh cc
nhn ID (ID label) mc nh cho cc thnh phn mng li nh th no khi
chng c to ra ln u tin. i vi mi loi i tng chng ta c th nhp
mt tin t nhn hay cha mt ch trng trng nu ID mc nh s ch l mt
s. Sau ta cung cp mt s gia m s c s dng khi thm mt hu t
bng s vo nhn mc nh. V d, nu J c s dng nh mt tin t cho
cc Mi Ni cng vi mt s gia bng 5, th khi cc mi ni c to ra chng
nhn c cc nhn ID (ID label) mc nh l J5, J10, J15 v.v. Sau khi mt i
tng c to ra, Property Editor c th c s dng sa i nhn ID
(ID label) ca n nu cn thit.

69

Hnh 5.1 Trang nhn ID (ID label) ca hp thoi mc nh project

Default Node/Link Properties
Trang Properties ca biu thoi mc nh c biu din trong Hnh 5.2. N nh
ra cc gi tr c im cho cc nt v mt xch mi c to ra. Nhng c
im ny bao gm:

cao cho cc nt

ng knh cho cc i nc

Mc nc ti a cho cc i nc

Chiu di cho cc ng

Chiu di t ng (tnh ton chiu di t ng) cho cc ng

ng knh cho cc ng

nhm cho cc ng

c im chiu di t ng (Auto-Length) c bt ln s c tnh t ng khi

cc ng c thm vo hay thay i v tr trn bn mng li. Nt hay mi
ni c to ra vi nhng c im mc nh ny c th lun c sa i v
sau khi s dng Property Editor.

70

Hnh 5.2 Trang Properties ca hp thoi mc nh d n (Project Defaults)

Cc La Chn Thy Lc Mc nh
Trang th ba ca biu thoi Defaults c s dng n nh cc la chn phn
tch thy lc mc nh. N cha cng mt tp hp cc la chn thy lc khi
Haydraulic Options ca project c truy xut t Browser (Xem Phn 8.1).
Chng c lp li trn hp thoi Project Defaults sao cho chng c th c
lu li s dng cho nhng project tng lai cng nh project hin ti. Cc
Hydraulic Options (la chn thy lc) quan trng nht phi nh du kim khi
thit lp mt project mi l Flow Units, Tn tht ct p Formula, v Default
Pattern. Vic la chn Flow Units xc nh loi h s nhm s c cung cp
cho mi ng trong mng li. Default Pattern t ng tr thnh kiu thi gian
c s dng thay i cc nhu cu trong mt s m phng khong thi gian
ko di (extended period simulation) cho tt c cc mi ni khng c phn b
bt c kiu no.
5.3 Cc D liu nh C (Calibration Data)
EPANET cho php bn so snh cc kt qu ca mt s m phng vi cc d liu
hin trng o c. iu ny c th c thc hin thng qua cc bn v Time
Series cho cc v tr chn trong mng li hay bng Calibration Reports c
bit m xem xt nhiu v tr. Trc khi EPANET c th s dng nhng cc D liu
nh C (Calibration Data) nh vy n phi c nhp vo mt tp tin v ng
k vi project.
Cc tp tin nh c (Calibration Files)
Mt tp tin nh c (Calibration File) l mt tp tin vn bn cha cc d liu
c o cho mt lng c th ly ti mt khong thi gian c th trong mt h

71

thng phn phi. tp tin cung cp cc d liu quan st c m c th c so

snh vi cc kt qu ca mt s m phng mng li. Cc tp tin ring r phi
c to ra cho cc thng s khc nhau (v d nh p lc, Flo, Clo, lu lng
v.v) v cc nghin cu mu khc nhau. Mi dng ca tp tin cha cc mc sau:

ID v tr-nhn ID (ID label) (c s dng trong m hnh mng li) ca v

tr ni cng vic o c thc hin.

Time-Time (thi gian) (tnh bng gi) khi cng vic o c thc hin.

Value-kt qu o

Thi gian o l v thi gian zero ca s m phng m Calibration File s c p

dng. N c th c nhp nh mt s thp phn (v d 27,5) hay tnh bng gi
(v d 27:30). i vi cc s liu s c s dng trong mt phn tch khong
thi gian ring r tt c cc gi tr thi gian c th l 0. Cc nhn xt c th
c thm vo tp tin bng cch t mt du chm phy (;) trc chng. i
vi mt lot cc cng vic o c thc hin ti cng v tr Location ID khng
phi c lp li. Mt on trch t Calibration File c biu din di y.

ng k Calibration Data
Mun ng k cc cc D liu nh C (Calibration Data) nm trong mt
Calibration File:
1. Chn Project >> Calibration t thanh trnh n
2. Trong biu thoi Calibration Data c biu biu din trong Hnh 5.3,
nhp vo khung bn cnh thng s m bn mun ng k cc d liu.
72

3. nh vo tn ca Calibration File cho thng s ny hay nhp vo nt

Browser tm.
4. Nhp vo nt Edit nu bn mun m Calibration File trong Windows
Notepad sa i.
5. Lp li cc bc 2-4 c c bt c thng tin nh c no m c cc
cc d liu nh c.
6. Nhp OK chp nhn nhng la chn ca bn.

Hnh 5.3 Hp thoi Calibration Data

5.4 Project Summary

Mun xem phn m t tm tt ca project hin ti hy chn Project >>
Summary t thanh trnh n. Biu thoi Project Summary s xut hin m
trong bn c th s cha mt mt tin m t cho project cng nh thm vo
cc ch thch m m t tip project. Khi bn m mt tp tin c lu trc y,
hp thoi Open File s hin th c hai mc ny khi nhng tn tp tin khc nhau
c chn. iu ny lm cho chng tr nn rt hu ch cho vic xc nh v tr

73

ca cc phn tch mng li c th. Biu cng hin th mt s thng k mng

li, chng hn nh s mi ni, ng, my bm v.v...

74

CHNG 6: LM VIC VI CC I TNG

EPANET s dng nhiu loi i tng khc nhau lp m hnh mt h thng
phn phi. Nhng i tng ny c th c truy xut trc tip trn bn
mng li hay t trang Data ca ca s Browser. Chng ny m t nhng i
tng ny l g v chng c th c to ra, sa i, xa, v thay i v tr nh
th no.
6.1 Cc Loi i Tng
EPANET cha c cc i tng vt l xut hin trn bn mng li, v cc i
tng phi vt l cc thng tin thit k v vn hnh. Nhng i tng ny c th
c phn loi nh sau:
(1) Nt
(a) Mi ni
(b) i nc
(c) i nc
(2) Mt xch
(a) ng
(b) Bm
(c) Van
(3) Cc nhn bn
(4) Cc kiu thi gian
(5) Cc ng cong
(6) Kim sot

75

(a) n gin
(b) Da trn quy tc
6.2 Thm i Tng
Thm mt nt
Mun thm mt nt s dng Map Toolbar:
1. Nhp nt c c loi nt (mi ni

,b cha

,hay i nc

thm vo t Map Toolbar nu n cha gim st.

2. Di chuyn chut ti v tr mong mun trn bn v nhp.
Mun thm mt nt s dng Browser:
1. Chn loi nt (mi ni, i nc, hay i nc) t danh mc Object ca
Data Browser.
2. Nhp nt Add
3. Nhp ta bn vi Property Editor (t chn).
Thm Mt Mt Xch
Mun thm mt mt xch ng thng hay ng cong s dng Map Toolbar:
1. Nhp nt c c loi mt xch thm vo (ng, bm hay van) t
Map Toolbar nu n cha st gim.
2. Trn bn , nhp chut ln nt khi ng ca mt xch.
3. Di chuyn chut theo hng ca nt cui cng ca mt xch, nhp chut
vo nhng im trung gian ni cn hi thay i hng ca mt xch.
4. Nhp chut ln cui cng ti ln nt cui cng ca mt xch.

76

Nhn nt chut phi hay phm Escape trong khi v mt mt xch s hy b s

vn hnh.
Mun thm mt Link (mt xch) ng thng s dng Browser:
1.

Chn loi mt xch thm vo (ng, bm, hay van) t danh mc Object
ca Data Browser.

2. Nhp nt Add.
3. Nhp cc nt From v To ca mt xch trong Property Editor.
Thm Mt Map Label
Mun thm mt nhn vo bn :
1. Nhp nt Text

trn Map Toolbar.

2. Nhp vo chut trn bn ni nhn s xut hin.

3. Nhp vn bn cho nhn.
4. Nhn phm Enter.
Thm Mt ng Cong
Mun thm mt ng cong vo c s d liu mng li:
1. Chn Curve t danh mc loi i tng ca Data Browser.
2. Nhn nt Add
3. Sa i ng cong s dng Pattern Editor (xem bn di).
S dng mt Text File (tp tin d liu)
Ngoi vic thm cc i tng ring r, bn c th nhp mt tp tin vn bn c
cha mt danh mc cc ID nt vi ta ca chng cng nh mt danh mc

77

cc ID mt xch v cc nt ni ca chng (xem Phn 11.4-Nhp mt Partial

Network).
6.3 Chn i Tng
Mun chn mt i tng trn bn :
1. m bo rng bn nm trong ch Selection (con tr chut c hnh
mt mi tn ch ln bn tri). Mun chuyn sang ch ny, nhp nt
Select Object trn Map Toolbar hay chn Select Object t trnh n Edit.
2. Nhp chut ln i tng mong mun trn bn .
Mun chn mt i tng s dng Browser:
1. Chn loi i tng t danh mc ko ca Data Browser.
2. Chn i tng mong mun t danh mc bn di tiu loi.
6.4 Sa i Cc i Tng Nhn Thy c
Property Editor (xem Phn 4.8) c s dng sa i cc c im ca cc
i tng m c th xut hin trn Network Map (mi ni, i nc cha, i
nc, ng, bm, van, hay nhn). Mun sa i mt trong nhng i tng ny,
chn i tng trn bn hay t Data Browser, sau nhp nt Edit

trn

Data Browser (hay ch nhp i i tng trn bn ). Cc c im lin quan

ti mi loi i tng ny c m t trong cc Bng 6.1 ti 6.7.
Ch : H thng n v trong cc c im i tng c din t ph thuc
vo vic la chn cc n v cho tc dng chy. S dng mt tc dng
chy c din t bng ft khi, gallon hay acre-ft c ngha l cc n v M s
c s dng cho tt c cc lng. S dng mt tc dng chy c din t
bng lt hay mt khi c ngha l cc n v mt SI s c s dng. Cc n v
lu lng c chn t Hydraulic Options ca project m c th c truy xut
t trnh n Project >> Defaults. Cc n v c s dng cho tt c cc c
im c tm tt trong Ph Lc A.

78

Bng 6.1 Cc c im Mi Ni
C IM
Junction ID

M T
Mt nhn c nht c s dng nhn bit mi ni. N c th bao
gm mt kt hp ca t hn cho n 15 s hay k t. N khng th
ging nh ID cho bt c nt no khc. y l mt c im bt buc.

X-Coordinate

V tr chiu ngang ca mi ni trn bn , c o bng cc n v

khong cch trn bn . Nu c b trng mi ni s khng xut
hin trn bn mng li.

Y-Coordinate
Description

V tr chiu ng ca mi ni trn bn , c o bng cc n v

khong cch trn bn . Nu c b trng mi ni s khng xut
hin trn bn mng li.

Tag
Mt chui vn bn t chn m t cc thng tin c ngha khc v
mi ni.
Elevation

Mt chui vn bn t chn (khng cha trng) c s dng phn

b mi ni vo mt loi, chng hn nh mt khu vc p lc.
cao tnh bng ft (mt) bn trn mt im tham kho chung no

Base Demand

ca mi ni. y l mt c im bt buc. cao ch c s

dng tnh ton p lc ti mi ni. N khng nh hng n bt c
lng tnh ton no khc.

Demand
Pattern

Nhu cu trung bnh hay danh ngha v nc bi loi khch hng

chnh ti mi ni, nh c o bng cc n v lu lng hin ti.
Mt gi tr m c s dng ch ngun lu lng bn ngoi i vo
mi ni. Nu c b trng nhu cu s c gi nh l bng zero.
Nhn ID (ID label) ca kiu thi gian c s dng biu th c

Demand

im ca s thay i theo thi gian ca nhu cu v loi khch hng

Categories

chnh ti mi ni. Kiu cung cp cc s nhn m c p dng cho

79

Base Demand xc nh nhu cu thc t trong mt khong thi

gian bit. Nu c b trng Default Time Pattern c phn b
trong Hydraulic Options (xem Phn 8.1) s c s dng.
Emitter

S loi ngi s dng nc khc nhau c xc nh cho mi ni.

Coefficient

Nhp nt du ngoc cung (hay g phm Enter) a ra mt

Demands Editor c bit m s cho bn phn b cc nhu cu c s
v kiu thi gian cho nhiu loi ngi s dng ti mi ni. Hy b

Initial Quality

qua nu ch mt loi nhu cu l .

H s x cho emitter (bnh phun (sprinkler) hay vi) c t ti mi
ni. H s i din cho lu lng (tnh bng n v lu lng hin ti)

Source Quality

xy ra khi c mt lng st gim p lc bng 1 psi (hay mt). B

trng nu khng c mt emitter no. Xem thm chi tit trong v
ti Emitters trong Phn 3.1.
Mc cht lng nc ti mi ni khi bt u khong thi gian m
phng. C th b trng nu khng c s phn tch cht lng nc
no ang c thc hin nu mc bng zero.
Cht lng ca bt c lng nc no i vo mng li ti v tr ny.
Nhp nt du ngoc cung (hay g phm Enter) hin ra Source
Quality Editor (xem Phn 6.5 bn di).

Bng 6.2 Cc c im B Cha

C IM
Reservoir ID

M T
Mt nhn c nht c s dng nhn bit b cha. N c th
bao gm mt kt hp ca t hn cho n 15 s hay k t. N khng
th ging nh ID cho bt c nt no khc. y l mt c im bt

X-Coordinate

buc.
V tr chiu ngang ca b cha trn bn , c o bng cc n v
khong cch trn bn . Nu c b trng b cha s khng xut

Y-Coordinate

hin trn bn mng li.

80

Description

V tr chiu ng ca b cha trn bn , c o bng cc n v

khong cch trn bn . Nu c b trng b cha s khng xut

Tag

hin trn bn mng li.

Mt chui vn bn t chn m t cc thng tin c ngha khc v b

Total Head

cha.
Mt chui vn bn t chn (khng c cha trng) c s dng
phn b b cha vo mt loi, chng hn nh mt khu vc p lc.

Head Pattern
Initial Quality

Ct p thy lc ( cao + Ct p) ca nc trong b cha tnh bng

ft (mt). y l mt c im bt buc.
Nhn ID (ID label) ca kiu thi gian c s dng lp m hnh s
thay i theo thi gian trong ct p b cha. B trng nu khng c

Source Quality

g c p dng. c im ny c ch nu b cha m t mt tie-in

cho mt h thng khc m p lc thay i theo thi gian.
Mc cht lng nc ti b cha. C th b trng nu khng c s
phn tch cht lng nc no ang c thc hin nu mc bng
zero.
Cht lng ca bt c lng nc no i vo mng li ti v tr ny.
Nhp nt du ngoc cung (hay g phm Enter) lm xut hin
Source Quality Editor (xem Phn 6.5 bn di).

Bng 6.3 Cc c im i Nc
C IM

M T

Tank ID

Mt nhn c nht c s dng nhn bit i nc. N c th

bao gm mt kt hp ca t hn cho n 15 s hay k t. N khng
th ging nh ID cho bt c nt no khc. y l mt c im bt

X-Coordinate

buc.
V tr chiu ngang ca i nc trn bn , c o bng cc n v
t l ca bn . Nu c b trng i nc s khng xut hin trn

81

Y-Coordinate

bn mng li.

Description

V tr chiu ng ca i nc trn bn , c o bng cc n v t

l bn . Nu c b trng i nc s khng xut hin trn bn

Tag

mng li.
Chui vn bn t chn m t cc thng tin c ngha khc v i

Elevation
Initial Level
Minimum Level

nc.
Chui vn bn t chn (khng c cha trng) c s dng phn
b i nc vo mt loi, chng hn nh mt khu vc p lc.
cao bn trn mt mc o lng chung tnh bng ft (mt) ca v
y ca i nc. y l mt c im bt buc.

Maximum Level cao tnh bng ft (mt) ca mt nc bn trn cao y ca i

nc khi bt u m phng. y l mt c im bt buc.
cao ti thiu tnh bng ft (mt) ca mt nc bn trn cao y
Diameter

m s c duy tr. i nc s khng c php h xung di mc

ny. y l mt c im bt buc.
cao ti a tnh bng ft (mt) ca mt nc bn trn cao y
m s c duy tr. i nc s khng c php ln cao hn mc

Minimum
volume

ny. y l mt c im bt buc.
ng knh ca i nc tnh bng ft (mt). i vi cc i nc hnh
tr y l ng knh thc t. i vi cc i nc hnh vung hay
ch nht n c th l mt ng knh tng ng bng 1,128 nhn

Mixing Model

vi s cn bnh phng ca din tch mt ct. i vi cc i nc

m c im hnh hc s c m t bi mt ng cong (xem bn
di) n c th c n nh bt c gi tr no. y l mt c im
bt buc.
Lng nc trong i nc khi n mc ti thiu tnh bng ft khi
(mt khi ). y l mt c im t chn, ch yu c ch trong vic
m t c im hnh hc y ca cc i nc khng phi hnh tr
m mt ng cong dung lng y so vi su **s

82

khng c cung cp (xem bn di).

Mixing Fraction Loi pha trn cht lng nc xy ra trong i nc. Cc la chn
bao gm
( MIXED (pha trn hon ton)
Reaction
coefficient

( 2COMP (pha trn hai ngn)

( FIFO (Lu lng plug vo-trc-ra-trc)

Initial Quality

( LIFO (Lu lng plug vo-cui-ra-u)

Xem thm thng tin trong ti Mixing Models Phm 3.4.

Source Quality

Mt phn ca tng dung tch ca i nc bao gm cc ngn u

vo-u ra ca m hnh pha trn hai ngn (2COMP). C th b trng
nu khng c loi m hnh pha trn no khc c p dng.
H s phn ng khi cho cc phn ng ha hc trong i nc. Cc
n v thi gian l l/ngy. Hy s dng mt gi tr dng cho cc
phn ng pht trin v mt gi tr m cho phn r. B trng nu h
s phn ng Global Bulk c nh r trong Reactions Options ca
project s c p dng. Xem thm thng tin trong Water Quality
Reactions trong Phn 3.4.
Mc cht lng nc ti i nc khi bt u m phng. C th b
trng nu khng c s phn tch cht lng nc no ang c thc
hin nu mc bng zero.
Cht lng ca bt c lng nc no i vo mng li ti v tr ny.
Nhp nt du ngoc cung (hay g phm Enter) lm xut hin
Source Quality Editor (xem Phn 6.5 bn di).

Bng 6.4 Cc c im ng
C IM

M T

83

Pipe ID

Mt nhn c nht c s dng nhn bit ng. N c th bao

gm mt kt hp ca t hn cho n 15 s hay k t. N khng th
ging nh ID cho bt c mt xch no khc. y l mt c im bt

Start Node
End Node
Description
Tag

buc.
ID ca nt ni ng bt u. y l mt c im bt buc.
ID ca nt ni ng kt thc. y l mt c im bt buc.
Mt chui vn bn t chn m t cc thng tin c ngha khc v
ng.
Mt chui vn bn t chn (khng c cha trng) c s dng

Length

phn b ng vo mt loi, c l da trn tui hay vt liu.

Diameter

Chiu di thc t ca ng tnh bng ft (mt). y l mt c im

bt buc.

Roughness
ng knh ca ng tnh bng ins (mm). y l mt c im bt
buc.
Loss Coefficient H s nhm ca ng. Khng c n v i vi nhm HazenWilliams hay Chezy-Manning v c n v tnh bng milimt (mm) i
Initial Status

vi nhm Darcy-Weisbach. y l mt c im bt buc.

H s tht thot nh khng c n v vi cc khc un, ph tng v.v.

Bulk Coefficient

c gi nh bng khng nu b trng.

Xc nh l ng ban u c m, ng, hay cha mt van mt
chiu. Nu mt van mt chiu c nh r th hng dng chy

Wall Coefficient trong ng s lun l t Start Node ti End Node.

H s phn ng khi cho ng. Cc n v thi gian l l/ngy. Hy s
dng mt gi tr dng cho cc phn ng pht trin v mt gi tr m
cho phn r. B trng nu h s phn ng khi t Reactions Options
ca project s c p dng. Xem thm thng tin trong Water
Quality Reactions trong Phn 3.4.

84

H s phn ng thnh cho ng. Cc n v thi gian l l/ngy. Hy s

dng mt gi tr dng cho cc phn ng pht trin v mt gi tr m
cho phn r. B trng nu h s phn ng thnh t Reactions
Options ca project s c p dng. Xem thm thng tin trong
Water Quality Reactions trong Phn 3.4.

Ch : Chiu di ng c th c tnh t ng khi cc ng c thm vo hay

thay i v tr trn bn mng li nu gi tr Auto-Length c bt ln. Mun
bt/tt gi tr ny:
(Chn Project >> Defaults v sa i trng Auto-Length trong trang Properties
ca biu thoi Defauls.
(Nhp phi trn phn Auto-Length ca Status Bar v sau nhp ln mc trnh
n xut hin bt ng trn mn hnh.
Hy m bo cung cp nhng kch thc c ngha cho bn mng li trc
khi s dng c im Auto-Length (xem Phn 7.2).
Bng 6.5 Cc c im My Bm
C IM
Pump ID

M T
Mt nhn c nht c s dng nhn bit my bm. N c th bao
gm mt kt hp ca t hn cho n 15 s hay k t. N khng th
gimy bm nh ID cho bt c mt xch no khc. y l mt c im

Start Node
End Node
Description
Tag

bt buc.
ID ca nt pha ht ca my bm. y l mt c im bt buc.
ID ca nt pha x ca my bm. y l mt c im bt buc.
Mt chui vn bn t chn m t cc thng tin c ngha khc v my
bm.
Mt chui vn bn t chn (khng cha trng) c s dng phn b

Pump curve

my bm vo mt loi, c l da trn tui, kch c hay v tr.

85

Nhn ID (ID label) ca ng cong my bm c s dng m t mi

quan h gia ct p c to ra bi my bm v lu lng qua my
Power

bm. B trng nu my bm s l mt my bm c nng lng khng

i (xem bn di).

Speed

Nng lng c cung cp bi my bm tnh bng m lc (kw). Gi s

rng my bm cung cp cng mt lng nng lng bt k lu lng
bng bao nhiu. B trng nu thay vo mt ng cong my bm s
c s dng. Hy s dng khi cc thng tin ng cong my bm

Pattern

khng sn c.
Gi tr tc tng i ca my bm (khng c n v). V d, mt gi
tr tc bng 1,2 ng rng tc quay ca my bm cao hn gi tr

Initial Status bnh thng 20%.

Efficiency

Nhn ID (ID label) ca kiu thi gian c s dng kim sot s vn

Curve

hnh ca my bm. Cc s nhn ca kiu tng ng vi cc gi tr

tc . Mt s nhn bng zero ng rng my bm s c tt trong
khong thi gian tng ng. B trng nu khng p dng c.
Tnh trng my bm (m hay ng) khi bt u khong thi gian m

Energy Price phng.

Nhn ID (ID label) ca ng cong ch hiu qu dy-ti-nc ca my
bm (tnh bng t l phn trm) nh mt hm ca tc dng chy. Cc
Price Pattern thng tin ny ch c s dng tnh ton vic s dng nng lng.
B trng nu khng p dng c hay nu hiu qu my bm tng th
c cung cp vi Energy Options ca project (Xem Phn 8.1) s s
s dng.
Gi trung bnh hay danh ngha ca nng lng tnh bng n v tin t
trn kw-hr. Ch c s dng tnh ton chi ph ca vic s dng nng
lng. B trng nu khng p dng c hay nu gi tr tng th c
cung cp vi Energy Options ca project (Xem Phn 8.1) s s s
dng.
Nhn ID (ID label) ca kiu thi gian c s dng m t s thay i
gi nng lng trong c ngy. Mi s nhn trong kiu c p dng cho
86

Energy Price xc nh gi ca cc thi im trong ngy trong khong

thi gian tng ng. B trng nu khng p dng c hay nu kiu
tnh gi tng th c c nh r trong Energy Options ca project
(Xem Phn 8.1) s c s dng.

Bng 6.6 Cc c im Van

C IM

M T

ID Label

Mt nhn c nht c s dng nhn bit van. N c th bao gm

mt kt hp ca t hn cho n 15 s hay k t. N khng th givan nh
ID cho bt c mt xch no khc. y l mt c im bt buc.

Start Node

ID ca nt trn pha thng ngun danh ngha hay pha dng chy vo
ca van. (Cc PRV v PSV ch duy tr lu lng theo mt hng). y l
mt c im bt buc.

End Node

ID ca nt trn pha h lu danh ngha hay pha x ca van. y l mt

Description

c im bt buc.

Tag

Mt chui vn bn t chn m t cc thng tin c ngha khc v van.

Mt chui vn bn t chn (khng cha trng) c s dng phn b
van vo mt loi, c l da trn loi hay v tr.

Diameter
ng knh ca van tnh bng ins (mm). y l mt c im bt
Type

buc.

Setting

Loi van, PRV, PSV, PBV, FCV, TCV, hay GPV). Xem Phn m t nhiu
loi van khc nhau trong mc Van Phn 6.1. y l mt c im bt
buc.
Mt thng s bt buc m t gi tr vn hnh ca van.
Loi van
PRV

Thng s gi tr
p lc (psi hay m)

87

Loss

PSV

p lc (psi hay m)

PBV

p lc (psi hay m)

FCV

Lu lng (n v lu lng)

TCV

H s tn tht (khng c n v)

GPV

ID ca ng cong tn tht ct p

Coefficient

H s tht thot nh khng c n v c p dng khi van hon ton

Fixed Status

m. c gi nh bng 0 nu b trng.
Tnh trng ca van khi bt u m phng. Nu c n nh OPEN hay
CLOSED th gi tr kim sot ca van c b qua v van c hnh vi
nh mt mt xch m hay ng, theo th t . Nu c n nh
NONE, van s c hnh vi nh d nh. Tnh trng c nh ca mt van
v gi tr ca n c th c lm cho thay i trn ton b mt s m
phng bng cch s dng cc dng kim sot. Nu tnh trng ca van
c n nh OPEN/CLOSED th n c th c lm cho hot ng tr
li bng cch s dng mt kim sot m phn b mt gi tr bng s
mi cho n.

Bng 6.7 Cc c im Nhn Bn

C IM

M T

Text

Vn bn ca nhn.

X-Coordinate

V tr chiu ngang ca gc tri trn cng ca nhn trn bn , c

o bng cc n v t l ca bn . y l mt c im bt buc.
V tr chiu ng ca ca gc tri trn cng ca nhn trn bn ,

Y-Coordinate
Anchor node

c o bng cc n v t l ca bn . y l mt c im bt
buc.
ID ca nt ng vai tr nh im nh v ca nhn (xem ch 1 bn

88

Meter type

di). B trng nu nhn s khng c neo.

Meter ID

Loi i tng ang c o bi nhn (xem ch 2 bn di). Cc

la chn l None, Node, hay Link.

Font
ID ca i tng (Node hay Link) ang c o.
a ra mt hp thoi Font m cho php chn font, kch c, v kiu
ca nhn.

Ch :
1. c im nt nh v ca mt nhn c s dng nh v nhn theo
mt v tr cho trn bn . Khi bn c phng to nhn s xut
hin cch nt nh v ca n khong cch bng khi n xut hin lc xem
ln ht c. c im ny ngn nga chn khng cho nhn i qu xa cc
i tng m chng nh m t khi bn c phng to thu nh.
2. Cc c im Meter Type v ID xc nh l nhn s ng vai tr nh l
mt ng h hay khng. Cc nhn ng h hin th gi tr ca thng s
xem hin ti (c chn t Map Browser) di vn bn nhn. Meter Type
v ID phi ch mt nt hay mt xch hin hu trong mng li. Nu
khng, s ch c vn bn nhn xut hin.
6.5 Sa i cc i tng khng nhn thy c
Curves, Time Patterns, v Controls c nhng chng trnh sa i c bit
c s dng xc nh nhng c im ca chng. Mun sa i mt trong
cc i tng ny, chn i tng t Data Browser v sau nhp vo nt Edit
.Ngoi ra, Property cho Junctions cha mt nt nh v trong trng cho Demand
Categories m lm xut hin mt Demand Editor c bit khi c nhp. Tng
t, trng Source Quality trong Property Editor cho Junctions, Reservoirs, v
Tanks c mt nt m a ra mt chng trnh sa i Source Quality c bit.
Mi chng trnh sa i c trng ny s c m t tip sau y.
Curve Editor

89

Curve Editor l mt biu thoi nh c biu din trong Hnh 6.1. Mun s dng
Curve Editor, nhp cc gi tr cho nhng mc sau:

Mc
Curve ID

M t
Nhn ID (ID label) ca ng cong (ti a l 15 s hay k
t)

Description
M t t chn nhng g m ng cong din t
Curve Type
Loi ng cong
X-Y Data
Cc im s liu X-Y cho ng cong
Khi bn di chuyn gia cc trong bng s liu X-Y (hay nhn phn Enter) ng
cong c v li trong ca s xem trc. i vi cc ng cong my bm mt
v ba im, phng trnh c to ra cho ng cong s c hin th trong
Equation. Nhp nt OK chp nhn ng cong hay nt Cancel hy b cc
mc nhp ca bn. Bn cng c th nhp nt Load chuyn vo cc d liu
ng cong m trc c lu vo tp tin hay nhp nt Save lu cc
s liu ca ng cong hin ti vo mt tp tin.

90

Hnh 6.1 Curve Editor

Pattern Editor
Pattern Editor, c biu din trong Hnh 6.2, sa i cc c im ca mt i
tng kiu thi gian. Mun s dng Pattern Editor, nhp cc gi tr cho nhng
mc sau:
Mc

M t

Pattern ID

Nhn ID (ID label) ca kiu (ti a l 15 s hay k t)

Description

M t t chn nhng g m kiu din t

Multiplier

Gi tr s nhn cho mi khong thi gian ca kiu.

Khi cc s nhn c nhp, biu xem trc c v li cung cp phn

nhn thy c ca kiu. Nu bn n c cui ca Time Periods sn c khi
nhp cc s nhn, hy ch nhp nt Enter thm mt khong thi gian khc.
Khi kt thc sa i, Nhp nt OK chp nhn kiu hay nt Cancel hy b
cc mc nhp ca bn. Bn cng c th nhp nt Load chuyn vo cc d
liu kiu m trc c lu vo tp tin hay nhp nt Save lu cc s
liu ca kiu hin ti vo mt tp tin.

91

Hnh 6.2 Pattern Editor

Controls Editor
Controls Editor, c biu din trong Hnh 6.3, l mt ca s sa i vn bn
c s dng sa i c nhng kim sot (controls) n gin ln da trn
quy tc. N c mt trnh n sa i vn bn chun m c kch hot bng
cch nhp phi vo bt c ni no trong Editor. Trnh n cha cc lnh cho
Undo, Cut, Copy, Paste, Delete, v Select All.

92

Hnh 6.3 Controls Editor

Demand Editor
Demand Editor c v trong Hnh 6.4. N c s dng n nh cc nhu cu
cn bn v cc kiu thi gian khi khng c hn mt loi ngi s dng nc ti
mt mi ni. Chng trnh sa i c gi ra t Property Editor bng cch
nhp nt du ngoc cung (hay g phm Enter) khi trng Demand Categories c
tiu im.
Chng trnh sa i l mt bng cha ba ct. Mi loi nhu cu c nhp nh
l mt dng mi trong bng. Cc ct cha nhng thng tin sau:

Base Demand: ng gc hay nhu cu trung bnh cho loi (bt buc)

Time Pattern: Nhn ID (ID label) ca kiu thi gian c s dng cho
php nhu cu thay i theo thi gian (la chn).

Category: nhn vn bn c s dng nhn bit loi nhu cu (t chn).

93

Hnh 6.4 Demand Editor

Bng ban u c nh c cho 10 dng. Nu cc dng b sung cn thit hy

chn bt c no trong dng cui cng v g phm Enter.
Ch : Theo quy c, nhu cu t trong dng u tin ca chng trnh sa i
s c coi l loi chnh cho mi ni v s xut hin trong trng Base Demand
ca Property Editor.
Source Quality Editor
Source Quality Editor l mt hp thoi xut hin t ngt c s dng m
t dng chy ngun i vo mng li ti mt nt c th. Ngun ny c th ch
nhng cng trnh x l chnh, mt ct p ging hay cng trnh x l v tinh, hay
mt s xm nhp khng mong mun ca cht nhim. Biu thoi, c biu
din trong Hnh 6.5, cha cc trng sau y:

Hnh 6.5 Source Quality Editor

Trng

M t

Source Type

Chn mt trong cc mc:

94

-Concentration
-Mass Booster
-Flow Paced Booster
-Setpoint Booster
Source

ng gc hay nng trung bnh (hay tc dng chy khi

Quality

lng trn pht) ca ngun-b trng loi b ngun

Nhn ID (ID label) ca kiu thi gian c s dng lm cho
cht lng ngun thay i theo thi gian-B trng nu khng p

Quality

dng c.

Pattern
Mt ngun cht lng nc c th c ch nh nh l mt nng hay ngun
h tr.

Concentration source n nh nng ca bt c dng chy vo t bn

ngoi no i vo mng li, chng hn nh dng chy t mt i nc
hay t mt nhu cu m c t ti mt mi ni.

Mass booster source thm mt lu lng khi lng c nh vo lu lng

i vo nt t cc im khc trong mng li.

Flow paced booster source thm mt nng c nh vo nng c

c t vic pha trn ton b dng chy vo nt t cc im khc trong
mng li.

Setpoint Booster source n nh nng ca bt c dng chy no ri

khi nt (mt khi nng c c t ton b dng chy vo nt thp hn
im n nh (setpoint).

Ngun loi nng tt nht c s dng cho cc nt nh v cung cp ngun

nc hay cc cng trnh x l (v d, cc i nc hay nt c n nh mt nhu

95

cu m). Ngun loi h tr tt nht c s dng lp m hnh s bm trc

tip ca mt nguyn t nh du hay cht kh trng b sung vo mng li
hay lp m hnh s xm nhp ca mt cht kh trng.
6.6 Chp v dn cc i tng
Cc c im ca mt i tng c hin th trn Network Map c th c
chp v dn vo mt i tng khc t cng mt loi. Mun chp cc c im
ca mt i tng vo vng lu tr tm ni b ca EPANET:
1. Nhp phi ln i tng trn bn .
2. Chn Copy t trnh n popup (xut hin t ngt) m xut hin trn mn
hnh.
Mun dn cc c im chp vo mt i tng:
1. Nhp phi ln i tng trn bn .
2. Chn Paste t trnh n popup (xut hin t ngt) m xut hin trn
mn hnh.
6.7 nh hnh v o cc mt xch
Cc mt xch c th c v nh l a tuyn cha bt c s on thng no
thm vo s thay i hng v cong ca mt xch. Mt khi mt mt xch
c v trn bn , cc im bn trong xc nh cc on thng ny c th
c thm vo, xa i, v di chuyn (xem Hnh 6.6). Mun sa i cc im bn
trong ca mt nt:
1. Chn mt xch sa i trn Network Map v nhp **trn Map Toolbar
(hay chn Edit >> Select Vertex t Menu Bar, hay nhp phi ln mt xch
v chn Vertices t trnh n popup (xut hin t ngt) m xut hin).
2. Con tr chut s thay i hnh dng thnh mt u mi tn, v bt c
im nh hin hu no trn mt xch cng s c hin th vi nhng tay

96

cm nh quanh chng. Mun chn mt nh c th, hy nhp chut bn

trn n.
3. Mun thm mt vertex mi vo mt xch, nhp chut phi v chn Add
Vertex t trnh n popup (xut hin t ngt) m xut hin (hay ch
nhn phm Insert trn bn phm).
4. Mun xa mt vertex hin c chn, nhp chut phi v chn Delete
Vertex t trnh n popup (xut hin t ngt) m xut hin (hay ch
nhn phm Delete trn bn phm).
5. Mun di chuyn mt vertex sang v tr khc, ko n vi nt chut tri vn
c gi ti v tr mi ca n.
6. Khi trong ch Vertex Selection bn c th bt u sa i cc nh
cho mt mt xch khc bng cch nhp ln mt xch. Mun ri khi ch
Vertex Selection, nhp chut phi trn bn v chn Quit Editing t
trnh n popup (xut hin t ngt) m xut hin, hay chn bt c nt
no khc trn Map Toolbar.

97

Hnh 6.6 Thay i Hnh Dng Ca Mt Mt Xch

Mt mt xch cng c th o hng (c ngha l cc nt cui cng ca n

c chuyn) bng cch nhp chut phi ln n v chn Reverse t trnh n
popup (xut hin t ngt) m xut hin trn mn hnh. iu ny c ch trong
vic i hng cc my bm v van m lc u c thm vo sai hng.
6.8 Xa mt i tng
Mun xa mt i tng:
1. Chn i tng trn bn hay t Map Browser.
2. Thc hin mt trong nhng ng tc sau:

nhp

nhp cng nt trn Map Browser,

nhn phm Delete trn bn phm.

trn Standard Bar,

98

Ch : Bn c th i hi rng tt c cc lnh xa u c xc nhn trc khi

chng c tc dng. Hy xem trang General Preferences ca hp thoi Program
Preferences c m t trong phn 4.9.
6.9 Di Chuyn Mt i Tng
Mun di chuyn mt nt hay nhn ti mt v tr khc trn bn :
1. Chn nt hay nhn
2. Vi chut tri vn gi trn i tng, ko n ti v tr mi.
3. Nh nt tri ra.
Cc ta X v Y mi cho i tng c th c nh bng tay trong Property
Editor. Mi khi mt nt c di chuyn tt c cc nt ni vi n cng c di
chuyn.
6.10 Chn mt nhm i tng
Mun chn mt nhm i tng nm bn trong mt khu vc bt thng ca
bn mng li:
1. Chn Edit >> Select Region hay nhp

trn Map Toolbar.

2. V mt ng hng ro a gic quanh khu vc quan tm trn bn

bng cch nhp nt chut tri ti mi nh lin tip nhau ca a gic.
3. ng a gic li bng cch nhp nt chut phi hay bng cch nhn
phm Enter; Hy vic la chn bng cch nhn phm Escape.
Mun chn tt c cc i tng ang c nhn thy trn bn chn Edit >>
Select All. (Cc i tng bn ngoi phm vi nhn thy c hin ti ca bn
khng c chn.)

99

Khi mt nhm i tng c chn, bn c th sa i mt c im thng

thng (xem Phn tip theo) hay xa i tng c chn ra khi mng
li. Mun lm iu sau, nhp

hay nhn phm Delete.

6.11 Sa i mt nhm i tng

Mun sa i c im ca mt nhm i tng:
1. Chn khu vc ca bn m s cha nhm i tng s c sa s
dng phng php c m t trong phn trc..
2. Chn Edit >> Group Edit t Menu Bar.
3. Xc nh nhng g cn sa i trong biu thoi Group Edit xut hin trn
mn hnh.
Biu thoi Group Edit, c biu din trong Hnh 6.6, c s dng sa i
mt c im cho mt nhm i tng c chn. Mun s dng biu thoi:
1. Chn mt loi i tng (mi ni hay ng) sa i.
2. nh du kim vi with nu bn mun thm mt b lc m s gii
hn i tng c chn sa i. Chn mt c im, mi quan h,
v gi tr m xc nh b lc. Mt v d c th l with Diameter below
12.
3. Chn loi thay i cn thc hin-Replace, Multiply, hay Add To.
4. Chn c im cn thay i.
5. Nhp vo gi tr m s thay th nhn, hay thm vo gi tr hin hu.
6. Nhp OK thc hin sa i nhm.

100

Hnh 6.7 Hp Group Edit

101

CHNG 7: LM VIC VI BN
Epanet hin th mt bn mng li ng ang c lp m hnh. Chng ny
m t cch thao tc bn ny nng cao s hnh dung ca bn v h thng
ang c lp m hnh.
7.1 Chn mt hnh nh bn
Ngi ta s dng Map Page ca Broweser (Phn 4.7) chn mt thng s nt
v mt xch mun xem trn bn . Cc thng s c nhn trn bn bng
cch s dng mu, nh c nh r trong Map Legends (xem bn di),
hin th cc phm vi gi tr khc nhau.
Cc thng s nt sn c xem bao gm:

cao

Nhu cu c bn (nhu cu danh ngha hay trung bnh)

Cht lng ban u (cht lng nc vo thi gian zero)

Nhu cu thc t (tng nhu cu vo thi gian hin ti)

Ct p thy lc ( cao cng v p lc)

p lc

Cht lng nc

Cc thng s mt xch sn c xem bao gm:

Chiu di

ng knh

H s nhm

102

H s phn ng Khi

H s phn ng Thnh

Tc dng chy

Tc

Tn tht ct p (trn 1000 ft (hay mt) ng

Yu t ma st (nh c s dng trong cng thc tn tht ct p DarcyWeisbach)

Tc phn ng (trung bnh trn chiu di ng)

Cht lng nc (trung bnh trn chiu di ng)

Cc mc c nh du bi du hoa th l cc lng c tnh m gi tr ca

chng s ch sn c nu mt s phn tch thnh cng c vn hnh trn
mng li (xem Chng 8-Phn tch mt mng li).
7.2 nh kch c bn
Kch c vt l ca bn phi c xc nh sao cho cc ta c th c
nh t l ng cho mn hnh video ca my vi tnh. Mun nh ra kch c ca
bn :
1. Chn View >> Dementions
2. Nhp cc thng tin kch c mi vo hp thoi Map Demensions m xut
hin trn mn hnh (xem Hnh 7.1) hay nhp nt Auto-Size yu cu
EPANET tnh ton kch c da trn ta ca cc i tng ang c
bao gm trong mng li.
3. Nhp nt OK thay i kch c ca bn

103

Hnh 7.1 Hp Thoi Map Demensions

Cc thng tin c cung cp trong hp thoi Map Demensions bao gm nhng

iu sau:
Mc

M t

Lower Left

Cc ta X v Y ca im bn tri pha di trn bn .

Coordinates
Cc ta X v Y ca im bn phi pha trn trn bn
Upper Right

Coordinates
Cc n v c s dng o khong cch trn bn .
Map Units

Cc la chn l Feet, Meters, Degrees, v None (c ngha

l cc n v ty ).

Ch : Nu bn sp sa s dng mt bn backdrop vi s tnh ton chiu

di ng t ng, th bn nn nh ra ngay kch c bn sau khi to ra mt
project mi. Cc n v khong cch bn c th khc vi n v chiu di
ng. Cc n v chiu di ng (ft hay mt) ph thuc vo vic tc dng chy
c din t bng n v M hay mt. EPANET s t ng chuyn i cc n
v ny nu cn thit.

104

7.3 S dng mt Backdrop Map

EPANET c th hin th mt bn backdrop ng sau mt bn mng li
ng. Bn backdrop c th l mt bn ng ph, bn cng ty, bn
a hnh, mt bng pht trin cng trng, hay bt c bc hnh hay bn v no
khc m c th c ch. V d, s dng mt bn ng ph s lm n gin
ha qu trnh thm cc ng vo mng li v v c bn ta c th s ha cc
nt v mt xch mng li trc tip trn nh ca n.

Bn backdrop phi l mt tp tin m t nng cp Windows hay bitmap c

to ra bn ngoi EPANET. Mt khi c nhp, nhng c im ca n khng th
sa i c, mc d t l v phm vi ca n s thay i khi ca s bn
c phng to thu nh v qut. V l do ny cc tp tin m t lm vic tt hn
cc bitmap v chng s khng nh mt phn gii khi c thay i t l.
Hu ht cc chng trnh CAD v GIS c kh nng lu cc bn v v bn
nh l cc tp tin m t.
Vic chn View >> Backdrop t Menu Bar s hin th mt trnh n ph vi cc
lnh sau:

Load (chuyn mt tp tin bn backdrop vo project)

105

Unload (chuyn mt tp tin bn backdrop t project ra)

Align (sp xp thng hng mng li ng vi backdrop)

Show/Hide (bt tt s hin th ca backdrop)

Khi c chuyn ti ln u tin, hnh nh backdrop c t vi gc trn bn

tri ca n trng mi ca hnh ch nht bao quanh mng li. Backdrop c th
c thay i v tr so vi bn mng li bng cch chn View >> Backdrop
>> Align. iu ny cho php mt khung vin ca mng li ng c di
chuyn qua backdrop (bng cch di chuyn chut vi nt tri gi nguyn) cho
n khi ta quyt nh rng n sp hng ng vi backdrop. Tn ca tp tin
backdrop v s sp thng hng hin ti ca n c lu li cng vi phn cn
li ca cc d liu project mi khi project c lu vo tp tin.
Mun c cc kt qu tt nht trong vic s dng mt bn backdrop:

S dng mt tp tin m t, ch khng phi mt bitmap.

nh kch c bn mng li sao cho hnh ch nht bao quanh ca n

c cng t l c im (t l chiu rng trn cao) vi backdrop.

7.4 Phng to thu nh bn

Mun phng to trn bn :
1. Chn View >> Zoom In hay nhp

trn Map Toolbar.

2. Mun phng to 100%, hy di chuyn chut ti tm ca khu vc phng to

thu nh v nhp nt tri.
3. Mun biu din mt s phng to thu nh ty , di chuyn chut ti gc
tri bn trn ca khu vc phng to thu nh v vi nt tri n xung, v
mt ng vin hnh ch nht quanh khu vc phng to thu nh. Sau
nh chut tri ra.

106

Mun thu nh trn bn :

1. Chn View >> Zoom Out hay nhp

trn Map Toolbar.

2. Mun phng to 100%, hy di chuyn chut ti tm ca khu vc phng to

thu nh mi v nhp nt tri.
3. Bn s c tr li mc phng to thu nh trc y ca n.
7.5 Qut bn
Mun qut bn qua ca s Map:
1. Chn View >> Pan hay nhp

trn Map Toolbar.

2. vi nt tri gi nguyn trn bt c im no trn bo , ko chut theo

hng bn mun qut.
3. Nh nt chut hon thnh qut.
Mun quay s dng Overview Map (m c m t trong phn 7.7 bn di):
1. Nu nh khng nhn thy c, lm xut hin Overview Map bng cch
chn View >> Overview Map.
2. nh v chut vi ca s phng to thu nh hin th trn Overview Map.
3. vi nt tri gi nguyn, ko ca s phng to thu nh ti mt v tr mi.
4. Nh nt chut v bn chnh s c qut ti mt khu vc tng ng
vi khu vc ca ca s phng to thu nh ca Overview Map.
7.6 Tm mt i tng
Mun tm ra mt nt hay mt xch trn bn m nhn ID (ID label) bit:
1. Chn View >> Find hay nhp

trn Standard Toolbar.

107

2. Trong hp thoi Map Finder m xut hin trn mn hnh, chn Node hay
Link v nhp nhn ID.
3. Nhp Find.
Nu nt/mt xch t ti n s c lm ni bt trn bn v trong Browser.
Nu bn ang c phng to v nt/mt xch nm bn ngoi cc ranh gii
ca bn hin ti, th bn s c qut sai cho nt/mt xch nhn thy
c. hp thoi Map Finder cng s lit k cc nhn ID (ID label) ca cc mt
xch m ni mt nt tm thy hay cc nt nh v vo mt nt tm thy.
Mun tm mt danh mc tt c cc nt ng vai tr nh cc ngun cht lng
nc:
1. Chn View >> Find hay nhp

trn Standard Toolbar.

2. Trong hp thoi Map Finder xut hin trn mn hnh, chn Sources.
3. Nhp Find.
Cc nhn ID (ID label) ca tt c cc ngun cht lng nc s c lit k
trong Map Finder. Nhp ln bt k nhn ID (ID label) no s lm ni bt nt
trn bn .
7.7 Map Legends
C ba loi cu ch gii c th c hin th. Node and Link
Legends kt hp mt mu vi mt phm vi gi tr cho thng s
hin ti ang c xem trn bn . Time Legend hin th thi
gian ng h ca khong thi gian m phng ang c xem.
Mun hin th hay giu bt c cu ch gii no trong s cc
cu ch gii ny, nh hay b du kim cho cu ch gii t
trnh n View >> Legends hay nhp phi trn bn v lm
nh vy t trnh n popup (xut hin t ngt) m xut hin
trn mn hnh. Nhp i chut ln trn n cng c th giu i

108

mt cu ch gii nhn thy c. Mun di chuyn mt cu ch

gii ti mt v tr khc:
1. Nhp chut tri trn cu ch gii
2. Vi nt tri gi nguyn, ko cu ch gii ti v tr mi ca n v nh nt
ra.
Mun sa i Node Legend:
1. Chn View >> Legends >> Modify >> Node hay nhp phi trn cu ch
gii nu n nhn thy c.
2. S dng biu thoi Legend Editor m xut hin trn mn hnh (xem Hnh
7.2) sa i mu v khong cch ca legend.
Mt phng php tng t c s dng sa i Link Legend.
Legend Editor (Hnh 7.2) c s dng nh ra cc phm vi bng s m cc
mu khc nhau c n nh xem mt thng s c th trn bn mng
li. N lm vic nh sau:

Cc gi tr bng s, theo th t tng dn, c nhp vo cc sa i

xc nh cc phm vi. Khng phi c bn u cn phi c gi tr.

Mun thay i mu, nhp ln di mu ca n trong Editor v sau chn

mt mu mi t hp Color Dialog m s xut hin trn mn hnh.

Nhp nt Equal Intervals phn b cc phm vi da trn vic chia

phm vi ca thng s trong khong thi gian hin ti ra thnh nhng
khong thi gian bng nhau.

Nhp nt Equal Quantiles phn b cc phm vi sao cho c nhng s

i tng bng nhau trong mi phm vi, da trn cc gi tr tn ti trong
khong thi gian hin ti.

109

Nt Reverse Colors o th t ca tp hp mu hin ti (mu trong

phm vi nh nht tr thnh mu ca phm vi cao nht v.v.).

nh du kim vo Framed nu bn mun mt khung c v quanh

legend.

Hnh 7.2 Hp thoi Legend Editor

7.8 Overview Map

Overview Map cho php bn nhn thy ton b h
thng ca bn mng li chnh ang hng
tiu im vo u. Khu vc phng to thu nh ny
c v bi ranh gii hnh ch nht c hin th
trn Overview Map. Khi bn ko hnh ch nht
ny ti v tr khc th hnh nh bn trong bn
chnh s i theo. Overview Map c th c bt
tt bng cch chn View >> Overview Map. Nhp
chut vo thanh tiu ca n s cp nht hnh

110

nh bn ca n n khp vi bn mng
li chnh.
7.9 Map Display Options
C mt s cch lm xut hin biu thoi Map Options (Hnh 7.3) c s
dng thay i b ngoi ca Network Map:

Chn View >> Options

Nhp nt Options

Nhp phi trn bt c phn trng no ca bn v chn biu Options

trn Standard Toolbar khi ca s Map c tiu im,

t trnh n popup m xut hin trn mn hnh.

Hnh 7.3 Hp Thoi Map Options

Hp thoi cha mt trang ring r, c chn t bng pha bn tri ca biu,

cho mi trong s cc loi la chn hin th sau:

111

Nodes (kim sot kch c ca cc nt v lm cho kch c t l vi gi tr)

Links (kim sot chiu dy ca cc mt xch v lm cho kch c t l vi

gi tr)

Labels (bt/tt s hin th cc nhn bn )

Notation (hin th hay giu cc nhn IS nt/mt xch v cc gi tr thng

s)

Symbols (bt/tt s hin th cc biu tng i nc, my bm, van)

Flow Arrows (chn s tm nhn v kiu ca cc mi tn hng dng

chy)

Background (thay i mu ca nn bn )

Node Options
Trang Nodes ca hp thoi Map Options kim sot cc nt c hin th nh
th no trn Network Map.
La chn

M t

Node Size

Chn ng knh nt

Proportional

to Chn xem l kch c nt c phi tng khi cc thng s nhn

Value

thy c tng v mt gi tr hay khng

Chn xem mt Contour (ng vin) c phi c v quanh
mi nt hay khng (c ngh cho cc nn c mu nht)

Display Border
Hin th cc nt mi ni (tt c cc mi ni s c giu i
Display Junctions

tr khi la chn ny c nh du kim).

Link Options

112

Trang Links ca hp thoi Map Options kim sot cc mt xch c hin th

nh th no trn bn .
La chn

M t

Link Size

Chn dy ca mt xch c hin th trn bn

Proportional
Value

to Chn xem l dy mt xch c phi tng khi thng s nhn

thy c tng v mt gi tr hay khng

113

Label Options
Trang Label ca hp thoi Map Options kim sot cc nhn c hin th nh
th no trn bn .
La chn

M t

Display Labels

Hin th cc nhn bn (cc nhn s c giu i tr khi

la chn ny c nh du kim)
Hin th nhn vi mt nn trong (nu khng th mt nn m

Use

Transparent

c c s dng)

Text
Chn mc phng ti thiu m ti cc nhn phi c
At Zoom Of

hin th; cc nhn s c giu i vi nhng c phng nh

hn c ny tr khi chng l cc nhn mt

Notation Options
Trang Notation ca hp thoi Map Options xc nh loi no c cung cp k
bn cc nt v cc mt xch ca bn .
La chn

M t

Display Node ID

Hin th cc nhn ID (ID label) nt

Display

Node Hin th gi tr ca thng s nt hin ti ang c xem

Values
Hin th cc nhn ID (ID label) mt xch
Display Link ID
Hin th gi tr ca thng s mt xch hin ti ang c
Display

Link xem

Values
Hin th vn bn vi mt nn trong (nu khng th mt nn
Use

Transparent m c c s dng)

Text
Chn mc phng ti thiu m ti k hiu phi c hin
th; ton b k hiu s c giu i vi nhng c phng nh

114

At Zoom Of

hn c ny

Ch : Cc gi tr ca thng s xem hin ti ch ti nhng nt v mt xch c

th l c th c hin th bng cch to ra Map Labels vi mt cho cc i
tng ny. Xem cc phn 6.2 v 6.4 cng nh Bng 6.7.
Symbol Options
Trang Symbol ca hp thoi Map Options xc nh loi i tng no c m
t vi cc biu tng c bit trn bn .
La chn

M t

Display Tank

Hin th cc biu tng i nc

Display Pumps

Hin th cc biu tng my bm

Display Valves

Hin th cc biu tng van

Display Emitters

Hin th cc biu tng emitter

Display Sources

Hin th + biu tng cho cc ngun cht lng nc

At Zoom Of

Chn mc phng ti thiu m ti cc biu tng phi

c hin th; cc biu tng s c giu i ti cc mc
phng nh hn mc ny

Flow Arrow Options

Trang Flow Arrows ca ca hp thoi Map Options kim sot cc mi tn hng
dng chy c hin th nh th no trn bn mng li.
La chn

M t

Arrow Style

Chn kiu (hnh dng) ca mi tn hin th (chn None giu

cc mi tn)

Arrow Size
nh c mi tn
At Zoom Of

115

Chn mc phng ti thiu m ti cc mi tn phi c hin

th; cc mi tn s c giu i ti cc mc phng nh hn mc
ny
Ch : Cc mi tn hng dng chy s ch c hin th sau khi mt mng
li c phn tch thnh cng (xem Phn 8.2 Vn hnh mt s phn tch).
Background Options
Trang Background ca ca hp thoi Map Options a ra mt s la chn cc
mu sc c s dng v nn ca bn .

116

CHNG 8: PHN TCH MT MNG LI

Sau khi mt mng li c m t mt cch ph hp, ch thy lc v
cht lng nc ca n c th c phn tch. Chng ny m t cch nh r
nhng la chn s dng trong phn tch, cch vn hnh s phn tch v
cch gii quyt nhng vn m c th xy ra vi s phn tch.
8.1 nh ra nhng la chn phn tch
C nm loi la chn kim sot cch EPANET phn tch mt mng li: thy lc
(Hydraulics), cht lng (Quality), phn ng (Reactions), thi gian (Times), v
nng lng (Energy). Mun nh ra bt c la chn no trong s cc la chn
ny:
1. Chn loi Options t Data Browser hay chn Project >> Analysis Options
t thanh trnh n.
2. Chn Hydraulics, Quality, Reactions, Times, hay Energy t Browser.
3. Nu Property Editor khng nhn thy c, nhp nt Edit

ca Browser

(hay nhn phm Enter).

4. Sa i nhng la chn ca bn trong Property Editor.
Khi bn ang sa i mt loi la chn trong Property Editor bn c th di
chuyn ti loi tip theo hay loi trc bng cch ch cn nhn cc phm Page
Down hay Page Up, theo th t .
Hydraulic Options
Cc la chn thy lc kim sot vic cc tnh ton thy lc c thc hin nh
th no. Chng bao gm cc mc sau:
La chn

M t

Flow Units Cc n v trong nhng nhu cu nt v tc dng chy mt

xch c din t. Vic chn cc n v bng gallon, ft khi , hay
117

mu Anh-feet ng rng cc n v cho tt c nhng lng mng

li khc l Customary US. Vic chn lt hay mt khi lm cho tt c
cc n v khc tr thnh mt SI. S dng li cnh co khi thay i
cc n v lu lng v n c th nh hng n tt c cc d liu
khc c cung cp cho project. (Xem Ph lc A, Cc n v o
Headloss
Formula

lng).
Cc cng thc c s dng tnh ton tn tht ct p nh l mt
hm ca tc dng chy trong mt ng. Cc la chn l:
Hazen-Williams
Darcy-Weisbach

Specific

Chezy-Manning

Gravity
V mi cng thc o nhm ng mt cch khc nhau, vic chuyn
Relative
Viscosity
Maximum
Trials
Accuracy

cc cng thc c th i hi m tt c cc h s nhm ng phi

c cp nht.
T l ca mt cht lng ang c lp m hnh v mt ca
nc 40C (khng c n v).
T l ca tc ng hc ca cht lng v ca nc 200C (1,0
centitoke hay 0,94 ft2/ngy) (khng c n v).
S ln th ti a c s dng gii quyt cc phng trnh phi
tuyn tnh m chi phi thy lc mng li ti mt thi im cho.

If
Unbalanc
ed

Gi tr ngh l 40.
Tiu chun hi t c s dng bo hiu mt php gii
c tm ra cho cc phng trnh phi tuyn tnh m chi phi thy
lc mng li. Nhng ln th kt thc khi tng s tt c nhng thay
i lu lng chia cho tng s tt c cc lu lng mt xch thp

Default

hn con s ny. Gi tr ngh l 0,001.

118

Pattern

Bin php phi thc hin nu php gii thy lc khng c tm ra

trong s ln th ti a. Cc la chn l STOP ngng s m phng

Demand
Multiplier

ti im ny hay CONTINUE s dng 10 ln th khc, khng c

thay i trng thi mt xch no c php xy ra, trong n lc t
c hi t.

Emitter
Exponent

Nhn ID (ID label) ca mt kiu thi gian s c p dng cho

nhng nhu cu ti cc mi ni ni khng c kiu thi gian c nh
r. Nu khng c kiu nh vy tn ti th cc nhu cu s khng thay
i ti nhng a im ny.

Status

S nhn tng th c p dng cho tt c cc nhu cu lm cho

Report

ton b lng tiu th ca h thng thay i ln xung mt lng

c nh. V d, 2,0 gp i tt c cc nhu cu, 0,5 bng na chng,
v 1,0 th bng.
Nng lng m p lc tng n khi tnh ton lu lng thng qua
mt thit b emitter. Gi tr trong sch gio khoa cho cc vi v bnh
phun (sprinkler) l . iu ny khng c p dng cho s r r
ng. Xem thm chi tit trong phn bn v Emitter Phn 3.1.
Lng thng tin trng thi bo co sau khi mt s phn tch c
thc hin. Cc la chn l:
( NONE (khng c bo co trng thi)
( YES (bo co trng thi bnh thng-lit k tt c nhng thay
i trong trng thi mt xch)
( FULL (Bo Co y -bo co bnh thng cng vi sai s
hi t t mi ln th phn tch thy lc c thc hin trong
mi khong thi gian)
Bo co trng thi y ch c ch cho cc mc ch g ri.

119

Ch : Nhng la chn cho Hydraulic Options cng c th c nh ra t trnh

n Project >> Defaults v c lu s dng vi tt c cc project trong
tng lai (xem Phn 5.2).
Water Quality Options
Water Quality Options kim sot vic phn tch cht lng nc c thc hin
nh th no. Chng bao gm nhng mc sau:
La chn M t
Paramet Loi thng s cht lng nc ang c lp m hnh. Cc la chn
er

bao gm:
( NONE (khng c phn tch cht lng)
( CHEMICAL (tnh nng ha cht)
( AGE (tnh tui ca nc)
( TRACE (pht hin t l phn trm ca lu lng xut pht t
mt nt c th).
Thay cho CHEMICAL, bn c th nhp tn thc ca ha cht ang
c lp m hnh (v d Clo)

Mass
Units

Cc n v khi lng c s dng din t nng . Cc la chn

l mg/L hay (g/L. Cc n v cho phn tch Age v Trace c n nh
theo gi v t l phn trm, theo th t .

Relative
Diffusivit
y

T l gia tnh khuch tn phn t ca ha cht ang c lp m

hnh v tnh khuch tn phn t ca Clo 200C (0,00112 ft2/ngy).
Hy s dng 2 nu ha cht khuch tn nhanh gp hai ln Clo, 0,5
nu nhanh bng mt na Clo v.v. Ch p dng khi lp m hnh s
chuyn khi lng cho cc phn ng thnh ng. An nh bng zero
b qua nhng tc dng chuyn khi lng.

Trace

120

Node

Nhn ID (ID label) ca nt m lu lng ca n ang c theo di.

Ch p dng cho nhng phn tch theo di lu lng.

Quality
Toleranc Thay i nh nht trong cht lng m s lm cho mt gi nc mi
e

s c to ra trong mt ng. Mt gi tr tiu biu c th l 0,01 cho

cc ha cht c o bng mg/L cng nh vic theo di tui v
ngun nc.

Ch : Quality Tolerance xc nh khi no th cht lng ca mt gi nc v c

bn ging nh mt gi khc. i vi s phn tch ha hc iu ny c th l
gii hn pht hin ca quy trnh c s dng o ha cht, c iu chnh
bi mt yu t an ton ph hp. Vic s dng mt gi tr qu ln i vi dung
sai ny c th s nh hng n chnh xc ca s m phng. Vic s dng
mt gi tr qu nh s nh hng n tnh ton. Mt s th nghim vi gi tr
ny s c s dng.
Reaction Options
Reaction Options nh ra cc loi phn ng p dng cho mt s phn tch cht
lng nc. Chng bao gm nhng iu sau:
La chn

M t

Bulk Reaction

Nng lng m nng c tng ti khi tnh ton mt tc

Order

phn ng lu lng khi. Hy s dng 1 cho cc phn ng

th t th nht, 2 cho cc phn ng th t th hai v.v. s
dng bt c s m no cho ng hc Michaelis-Menton. Nu
khng c h s phn ng khi ton th hay c trng cho
ng no c n nh th la chn ny c b qua.

Wall Reaction
Order

Nng lng m nng c tng ti khi tnh ton mt tc

phn ng lu lng khi. Cc la chn l FIRST cho cc
phn ng th t th nht hay ZERO cho cc phn ng tc
khng i. Nu khng c h s phn ng ton th hay c
trng cho ng no c n nh th la chn ny c b

121

Global Bulk

qua.

Coefficient
H s tc phn ng khi mc nh (Kb) n nh cho tt c
cc ng. H s ton th ny c th c b qua bng cch
sa i c im ny cho cc ng c th. Hy s dng mt
Limiting

s dng cho s pht trin, mt s m cho s phn r. Cc

Concentration

n v l ft/ngy (M) hay khi lng/m2/ngy (SI) cho cc

phn ng th t zero.
Nng ti a m mt cht c th pht trin ti hay gi tr
ti thiu m n c th phn r ti. Cc tc phn ng khi

Wall Coefficient s t l vi chnh lch gia nng hin ti v gi tr ny.

Xem thm chi tit phn bn v Bulk Reactions trong Phn

Correlation

3.4. An nh bng zero nu khng p dng c.

Yu t lm cho h s phn ng thnh tng quan vi
nhm ng. Xem thm chi tit phn bn v Wall Reactions
trong Phn 3.4. An nh bng zero nu khng p dng c.

Times Options
Nhng la chn thi gian (Times Options) nh ra nhng gi tr cho nhiu bc
thi gian khc nhau c s dng trong mt s m phng skhong thi gian
ko di (extended period simulation). Nhng la chn c lit k bn di
ny (thi gian c th c nhp vo nh nhng gi thp phn hay k hiu
gi:pht):
La chn

M t

Total Duration

Ton b thi gian ca mt s m phng tnh bng gi. S

dng 0 vn hnh mt phn tch thy lc khong thi
gian n

Hydraulic

Time

Khong thi gian gia s tnh ton li thy lc h thng.

Step
122

Quality Time Step Mc nh bnh thng l 1 gi.

Khong thi gian gia l trnh ca yu t cht lng nc.
Mc nh bnh thng l 5 pht (0:05 gi).
Pattern Time Step
Khong thi gian c s dng vi tt c cc kiu thi
gian. Mc nh bnh thng l 1 gi.
Pattern Start Time

Nhng gi vo tt c cc kiu thi gian m s m

phng bt u (v d nh mt gi tr bng 2 c ngha l
s m phng bt u vi tt c cc kiu thi gian bt

Reporting

Time u ti gi th hai ca chng). Mc nh bnh thng l

Step

0.
Khong thi gian gia nhng thi gian m ti cc kt
qu tnh ton c bo co. Mc nh bnh thng l 1

Report Start Time

gi.

Starting Time of

Nhng gi vo s m phng m ti cc kt qu tnh

Day

ton bt u c bo co. Mc nh bnh thng l 0.

Thi gian ng h (v d, 7:30 sng, 10:00 chiu) m ti

Statistic

s m phng bt u. Mc nh l 12:00 ( Na m).

Loi x l thng k c s dng tm tt cc kt qu
ca mt s m phng khong thi gian ko di
(extended period simulation). Nhng la chn l:
( NONE (nhng kt qu c bo co ti mi bc thi
gian bo co)
( AVERAGE (cc kt qu thi gian trung bnh c bo
co)
( MINIMUM (cc kt qu gi tr ti thiu c bo co)

123

( MAXIMUM (cc kt qu gi tr ti a c bo co)

( RANGE (s khc nhau gia nhng kt qu ti a v
ti thiu c bo co)
S x l thng k c p dng cho tt c cc kt qu
nt v mt xch t c gia Thi gian Bt u Bo co
v Tng s thi gian
Ghi ch: Mun vn hnh mt phn tch thy lc khong thi gian n (cn
c gi l mt phn tch nh chp nhanh) nhp 0 cho Total Duration (Tng s
thi gian). Trong trng hp ny cc mc nhp cho tt c cc la chn thi
gian khc, vi ngoi l l Starting Time of Day (Thi Gian Bt u Trong Ngy),
khng c s dng. Nhng phn tch cht lng nc lun i hi rng mt
Total Duration (Tng s thi gian) khc zero phi c ch r.
Energy Options
Energy Analysis Options (Nhng la chn Nng lng) cung cp cc gi tr mc
nh c s dng tnh ton nng lng v chi ph my bm khi cc thng
s nng lng c th c gn cho mt my bm cho. Chng bao gm
nhng iu sau:
La chn

M t

124

Pump

Efficiency Hiu qu bm mc nh

(%)
Gi nng lng trn Kwh. Cc n v tin t khng c
Energy price per m t r rng.
Kwh
Nhn ID (ID label) ca mt kiu thi gian c s dng
Price Pattern

m t nhng thay i trong gi nng lng theo thi gian.

trng nu khng p dng c.
Gi nng lng b sung trn lng s dng s kilooat ti

Demand Charge

8.2 Vn hnh mt s phn tch

Mun vn hnh mt s phn tch thy lc/cht lng nc:
1. Chn Project >> Run Analysis hoc nhp

trn Standard Toolbar.

2. Tin trnh ca s phn tch s c hin th trong mt ca s Run Status.

3. Nhp OK khi s phn tch chm dt.
Nu s phn tch vn hnh thnh cng biu tng

s xut hin trong phn

Run status ca Status Bar di y ca khng gian lm vic EPANET. Bt k

thng bo li hay cnh bo no cng s xut hin trong mt ca s Status
Report. Nu bn sa i cc c im ca mng sau khi mt s vn hnh
thnh cng c thc hin, biu tng vi nc i sang mt vi nc b hng
cho thy rng cc kt qu tnh ton hin ti khng c p dng cho mng
c sa i na.
8.3 Cc kt qu gii quyt s c
EPANET s a ra cc thng bo Error and Warning khi gp phi cc vn
trong vn hnh mt s phn tch thy lc/cht lng nc (Xem danh mc y
trong Ph Lc B). Cc vn ph bin nht s c bn di y.

125

Bm khng th cung cp lu lng hay ct p

EPANET s a ra mt thng bo cnh bo khi mt my bm c yu cu vn
hnh bn ngoi phm vi ng cong my bm ca n. Nu my bm c yu
cu cung cp nhiu ct p hn so vi ct p ng ca n, EPANET s ng my
bm. iu ny c th dn n cc phn ca mng tr nn b ngng ni kt vi
bt c ngun nc no.
Mng b ngng ni kt
EPANET phn loi mt mng thnh ang b ngng ni kt nu khng c cch
cung cp nc ti tt c cc nt c nhu cu. iu ny c th xy ra nu
khng c ng (dn) (ca) cc mt xch m gia mt mi ni c nhu cu v
mt i nc, mt i nc : hay mt mi ni vi mt nhu cu m. Nu vn
gy ra bi mt mt xch ng th EPANET s vn tnh mt php gii thy lc (c
l vi nhng p lc m rt ln) v n lc xc nh mt xch c vn trong
Status Report. Nu khng c mt xch ni no tn ti EPANET s khng th gii
nhng phng trnh thy lc cho lu lng v p lc v s tr li mt Thng
Bo Li (Error) 110 khi mt s phn tch c thc hin. Trong mt s m
phng thi gian ko cc nt c th tr nn b ngng ni kt khi cc mt xch
thay i trng thi theo thi gian.
p lc m tn ti
EPANET s a ra mt thng bo cnh bo khi n gp p lc m ti cc mi ni
c nhu cu dng. iu ny thng ch ra rng c vn no xy ra vi
cch thit k hay vn hnh mng. Nhng p lc m c th xut hin khi cc
phn ca mng ch c th nhn nc qua cc mt xch b ng. Trong nhng
trng hp nh vy mt thng bo b sung v vic mng ang b ngng ni
kt cng c a ra.
H thng khng cn bng
Mt tnh trng System Unbalanced (H thng khng cn bng) c th xut hin
khi EPANET khng th hi t vo mt php gii thy lc trong mt khong thi

126

gian no trong phm vi nhng ln th ti a ca n. Tnh hung ny c th

xy ra khi cc van, bm, hay ng dn vn duy tr vic chuyn trng thi ca
chng trnh t cuc th ny sang cuc th tip khi s tm kim mt php gii
thy lc din ra. V d, nhng gii hn p lc ci kim sot trng thi ca
mt my bm c th c t qu st nhau. Hay Mt ng cong ct p my
bm c th qu phng lm cho n lun m v ng.
Mun loi b tnh trng mt cn bng ta c th c gng tng s cuc th ti
a hay ni lng yu cu v chnh xc hi t. C hai thng s ny u c
nh ra vi Hydraulic Options ca project. Nu tnh trng mt cn bng vn
cn, th m la chn thy lc khc, c nhn l If Unbalanced, a ra hai cch
kim sot n. Cch th nht l kt thc ton b s phn tch khi tnh trng .
Cch th hai l tip tc tm kim mt php gii thy lc cho 10 cuc th khc
vi trng thi ca tt c cc mt xch ng bng ti cc gi tr hin ti ca
chng. Nu s hi t t c th mt thng bo cnh bo c a ra v h
thng c l l unstable. Nu s hi t (th) khng t c, mt thng
boSystem Unbalanced c a ra. Trong bt c trng hp no, s phn
tch cng s tip tc ti khong thi gian tip theo.
Nu mt s phn tch trong mt khong thi gian cho chm dt vi h
thng mt cn i th ngi s dng phi nhn bit rng cc kt qu thy lc
c to ra cho khong thi gian ny l khng chnh xc. Ty vo tng hon
cnh, chng hn nh nhng li v lu lng vo hay ra khi cc i nc, iu
ny cng c th nh hng n chnh xc ca cc kt qu trong tt c cc
khong thi gian tng lai.
Khng gii c phng trnh thy lc
Error (Li) 110 c a ra nu ti mt im no trong mt s phn tch tp
hp phng trnh m lp m hnh s cn bng lu lng v nng lng trong
mng khng th gii c. iu ny c th xy ra khi mt phn no ca
mt h thng i hi nc nhng khng c mt xch no ni n v mt vt l
vi bt k ngun nc no. Trong trng hp nh vy EPANET cng s a ra
nhng thng bo cnh bo v cc nt ang khng c kt ni. Cc phng

127

trnh c th cng khng gii c nu cc s khng thc c s dng cho

nhng thuc tnh nht nh ca mng.

CHNG 9: XEM KT QU
Chng ny m t cc cch khc nhau trong cc kt qu ca mt s phn
tch cng nh cc d liu nhp ca mng c bn c th nhn thy c. Nhng
iu ny bao gm cc hnh nh bn , cc th, bng, v cc bo co c
bit khc nhau.

128

9.1 Xem kt qu trn bn

C vi cch trong cc gi tr v kt qu c s d liu ca mt s m phng
c th c nhn trc tip trn Map Network (Bn Mng):

i vi nhng gi tr hin ti trn Map Browser (B duyt Bn ) (Xem

Phn 4.6), cc nt v mt xch (ca) bn s c t mu theo s m
mu (color-coded) c s dng trong Map Legends (nhng ch thch
Bn ) (Xem Phn 7.6). Vic t mu bn s c cp nht khi mt
khong thi gian mi c chn trong Browser (B duyt).

Khi s u tin chng trnh Flyover Map Labeling (Ghi nhn Bn

Flyover) c chn (xem Phn 4.9), vic di chuyn con chut qua bt k
nt hay mt xch no s lm hin th nhn ID (ID label) ca n v gi tr
ca thng s xem hin ti cho nt hay mt xch trong mt kiu gi
.

Cc gi tr nhn ID (ID label) v thng s xem c th c hin th cnh

tt c cc nt v/hay mt xch bng cch chn nhng la chn thch hp
trong biu thoi Notation page ca Map Options (Xem Phn 7.8).

Cc nt hay mt xch p ng mt tiu chun c th c th c nh r

bng cch a ra mt Map Query (Cu hi Bn ) (xem bn di).

Bn c th kch hot s hin th cc kt qu trn bn mng ti trc

hay ra sau ng lc bng cch s dng cc nt Animation trn B duyt
bn (Map Browser). S kch hot ch sn c khi mt thng s xem nt
hay mt xch l mt gi tr tnh ton (v d nh tc ca dng chy mt
xch c th c nhng ng knh th khng th).

Bn c th c in, sao chp vo clipboard Windows, hay c lu

nh mt tp tin DXF hay Windows tp tin m t.

Trnh mt cu hi bn (Map Query)

129

Mt Cu hi Bn (Map Query) nhn bit cc nt hay mt xch trn Bn

mng m p ng mt tiu chun c th (v d, cc nt vi p lc di 20 psi,
cc mt vi vn tc trn 2 ft/giy. Xem v d trong Hnh 9.1. Mun hin th mt
cu hi bn (Map Query):

Hnh 9.1 Nhng kt qu ca mt Map Query (Cu hi Bn )

1. Chn mt khong thi gian hi v bn t B duyt Bn (Map

Browser)
2. Chn View >> Query hoc nhp ** trn Map Toolbar (Thanh Cng C Bn
).
3. in cc thng tin sau vo biu thoi Query (Cu hi) m xut hin trn
mn hnh:

Chn xem c nn tm kim cc nt hoc nhng mt xch khng

130

Chn mt thng s so snh

Chn above (trn), below (di), hay equals (bng)

Nhp mt gi tr so snh

4. Nhp nt Submit. Nhng i tng p ng tiu chun s c chiu

sng trn bn .
5. Khi mt khong thi gian mi c chn trong B duyt (Browser), cc
kt qu hi s t ng c cp nht.
6. Bn c th a ra mt cu hi khc s dng hp thoi hoc ng n li
bng cch nhp nt gc phi bn trn.
Sau khi Query (Cu hi) ng li bn s tr li hnh nh hin th ban u
ca n.
9.2 Xem cc kt qu vi mt biu
Cc kt qu phn tch, cng nh mt s thng s thit k, c th c xem s
dng mt s dng biu khc nhau. Cc biu c th c in, sao vo vng
lu tr tm Windows, hay lu nh mt tp tin d liu hay tp tin m t
Windows. Cc dng biu sau y c th c s dng xem cc gi tr
mt thng s c chn (xem v d trong Hnh 9.2 cho mi dng):
Dng bn v
Time

M t

p dng cho

Series V cc gi tr trn thi gian

Cc nt hay mt xch c th

Plot

trong tt c cc khong thi

gian
V cc gi tr trn khong cch

Profile Plot
Cho thy cc vng ca bn ni
Contour Plot

cc

gi

tr

nm

trong

nhng

Mt danh mc cc nt ti
mt thi im c th
Tt c cc nt ti mt thi

khong cch c th

131

V cc gi tr trn phn cc i im c th
tng thp hn hay bng gi tr
Frequency
Plot

Tt c cc nt hay mt xch
V sn lng v s tiu th ca ti mt thi im c th
ton b h thng trn thi gian

System Flow

Nhu cu nc cho tt c cc
nt trong tt c cc khong
thi gian

Lu : Khi ch mt nt hay mt xch c lp biu trong mt Time

Series Plot biu cng hin th bt c s liu o c no nm trong mt
Calibaration File m c ng k vi project (xem Phn 5.3).
Mun to ra mt biu :
1. Chn Report >> Graph hay nhp

trn Standard Toolbar.

2. in vo cc la chn trn hp thoi Graph Selection m xut hin trn mn

hnh.
3. Nhp OK to ra biu .
Hp thoi Selection Graph, nh trnh by trong Hnh 9.3, c s dng chn
mt dng biu v ni dung ca n hin th. Cc la chn sn c trong
hp thoi bao gm:
Mc

M t

Graph Type

Chn mt dng biu

Parameter

Chn mt thng s cho biu

Time Period Chn mt khong thi gian cho biu (khng p dng cc bn v
Time Series)
Object Type
Chn Nodes hay Links (ch Nodes l c th c v biu trn
cc bn v Profile v Contour)

132

Items
Graph

to Chn cc mc cho biu (ch p dng cho cc bn v Time Series

v Profile)

133

Hnh 9.2 Cc V D V Nhng Loi Biu Khc Nhau

Hnh 9.2 Tip theo

134

Hnh 9.3 Hp Thoi Graph Options (Chn Th)

Nhng bn v Time Series v bn v Profile yu cu rng mt i tng hay

hn c chn cho vic v th. Mun chn cc mc vo trong hp thoi
Graph Options (Chn Th) (Graph Selection Dialog v:
1. Chn i tng (nt hay mt xch) trn Network Map (Bn Mng)
hoc trn Data Browser (B Duyt D Liu). Hp Thoi Graph Options
(Chn Th) s vn nhn thy c trong qu trnh ny).
2. Nhp nt Add trn Hp Thoi Graph Options (Chn Th) thm mc
c chn vo danh sch.
Thay cho Bc 2 bn cng c th ko nhn ca i tng t Data Browser (b
duyt d liu) ln trn thanh tiu ca Form (Dng) hoc ln Items ti hp
danh sch Th (Graph).
Nhng nt khc trn biu thoi Graph Options (Chn Th) c s dng nh
135

sau:
Nt

Mc ch

Load

(Profile

Plot Chuyn mt danh sch nt c lu li trc

Only)
Lu danh sch nt hin ti vo tp tin
Save

(Profile

Plot
Xa mc c chn ra khi danh sch

Only)
Delete
Move Up

Di chuyn mc c chn trn danh sch ln mt v tr

Di chuyn mc c chn trn danh sch xung mt
v tr

Move Down

Mun ty bin s xut hin ca mt th:

1. Lm cho th tr thnh ca s hot ng (nhp vo thanh tiu ca
n).
2. Chn Report >> Options, hoc nhp

trn Standard Toolbar (Thanh

Cng C Chun), hoc nhp phi trn th.

3. Mun c mt bn v Time Series (Lot Thi gian), Profile (Mt ct), hay
Frequency (Tn S), hay System Flow (Lu Lng H Thng), s dng
hp thoi Graph Options (Chn Th) c c (Hnh 9.4) ty bin s
xut hin ca th.
4. Mun c mt bn v Contour (ng vin) s dng hp thoi Contour
Options (Chn ng vin) c c ty bin bn v.
Ghi ch: Mt bn v Time Series (Lot Thi gian), Profile, hoc Frequency (Tn
S) c th c phng to thu nh bng cch gi nguyn phm Ctrl trong khi v
mt hnh ch nht phng to thu nh vi nt tri ca con chut c gi
nguyn. V hnh ch nht t tri sang phi s lm cho hnh phng to, v t

136

phi sang tri thu nh. Bn v cng c th c qut theo bt k hng no

bng cch gi nguyn phm Ctrl v di chuyn con chut ngang qua bn v vi
nt phi gi nguyn.
Biu thoi Graph Options (Chn Th) (Hnh 9.4) c s dng ty bin s
xut hin ca mt th X -Y. Mun s dng hp thoi:
1. Chn trong s nm trang tabbed m bao trm cc loi la chn sau:

General (Chung)

Horizontal Axis (Trc Honh)

Vertical Axis (Trc Tung)

Legend (Ch Thch)

Series (Lot)

2. nh du kim Default nu bn cng mun s dng cc gi tr hin ti

l cc gi tr mc nh cho tt c th mi.
3. Chn OK chp nhn nhng la chn ca bn.
Cc mc cha trn mi trang ca hp thoi Graph Options (Chn Th) l nh
sau:
General Page
La chn

M t

Panel Color

Mu ca bng (panel) bao quanh khu vc v th

Background
Color

Mu ca khu vc v th
nh du kim nu th c v 3 chiu

View in 3D
Mc v tc dng 3 chiu
3D

Effect

137

Percent

Vn bn tiu chnh ca th

Main Title

Thay i Phng c s dng cho tiu chnh

Font

Hnh 9.4 Hp Thoi Graph Options (La Chn Th)

Horizontal and Vertical Axis Pages (Cc Trang Trc Tung V Trc Honh)
La chn M t
Minimum nh gi tr trc ti thiu (gi tr d liu ti thiu c biu din trong du
ngoc). C th trng.
nh gi tr trc a (gi tr d liu ti a c biu din trong du ngoc).
Maximum C th trng.

138

Incremen nh s gia gia cc nhn trc. C th trng.

t
Nu c nh du kim th cc gi tr Minimum, Maximum, v Increment
Auto
c b qua.
scale
Chn kiu li v
Gridlines
Vn bn tiu trc
Axis Title
Nhp chn mt Phng cho tiu trc.
Font

Legend Page (Trang Ch thch)

La chn

M t

Position

Chn ch t li ch thch

Color

Chn mu s dng cho nn li ch thch.

Symbol
Width

Chn chiu rng s dng (tnh bng im (pixel)) v phn

k hiu ca li ch thch.
t mt khung xung quanh li ch thch.

Framed

Lm cho li ch thch nhn thy c.

Visible

Series Page (Trang Series (Lot))

Trang Series (Lot) (xem Hnh 9.4) ca hp thoi Graph Options (Chn Th)
kim sot lot d liu ring l (hay ng cong) c hin th nh th no trn
mt th. Mun s dng trang ny:

Chn mt lot d liu vic t Series combo.

Sa i tiu c s dng xc nh lot ny trong ch thch.

139

Nhp nt Font (Phng) thay i phng s dng cho ch thch.

(NShng thuc tnh ch thch khc c chn trn trang Legend (Ch
Thch) ca hp thoi.)

Chn mt thuc tnh ca lot d liu m bn mun sa i. Cc la chn

l:
Lines
Markers
Patterns

Labels

(Khng phi tt c cc thuc tnh u sn c cho mt s kiu th.)

Cc thuc tnh lot d liu c th c sa i bao gm:
Loi

La chn

M t

Lines

Style

Chn kiu ng k

Color

Chn mu ng k

Size

Chn dy ng k (ch i vi kiu ng k lin)

Visible

Xc nh l ng k c nhn thy c hay khng

Markers Style

Chn kiu vt nh du.

Color

Chn mu vt nh du.

Size

Chn kch thc vt nh du.

Visible

Xc nh l vt nh du c nhn thy c hay khng

Patterns Style

Chn kiu mu.

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Labels

Color

Chn mu mu.

Stacking

Khng c s dng vi EPANET.

Style

Chn loi thng tin no c hin th trong nhn

Color

Chn mu nn ca nhn.

Transpare

Xc nh l th c cho thy qua nhn hay khng

nt
Xc nh l cc mi tn c c hin th trn cc biu
Show

hnh bnh hay khng

Arrows
Xc nh l cc nhn c nhn thy c hay khng.
Visible
Biu thoi Contour Options (Chn ng vin) (Hnh 9.5) c s dng ty
bin s xut hin ca mt th ng vin. Phn m t mi la chn c
cung cp bn di:

141

Hnh 9.5 Hp Thoi Contour Plot Options (Nhng La Chn Bn V ng

Vin)

Loi

La chn

M t

Legend

Display

Bt/tt S hin th ch thch

Legend
Thay i nhng khong mu v ng vin
Modify
Network

Legend

Backdrop

Mu ca hnh nh mng c hin th trn bn v

Foreground

Mu nn c s dng cho bn v ng vin ca

ng k

Background
dy ca cc ng k c s dng cho mng
Style

Contours
Line

Link Size

hin th

Filled

Bn v s dng cc ng vin mu

Conlours
Bn v s dng cc ng vin mu
Line
dy ca cc ng k c s dng cho cc

Contours

khong cch ng vin

Default

Thickness
S ng vin ph trn mc ng vin chnh
Lines
Level

per
Lu cc la chn nh nhng gi tr mc nh cho bn
v ng vin tip theo

9.3 Xem kt qu vi mt bng (Table)

EPANET cho php bn xem cc d liu project c chn v kt qu phn tch
trong mt nh dng bng bng:

142

Mt Bng Mng (Network Table) lit k nhng thuc tnh v kt qu cho

tt c cc nt hoc mt xch trong mt khong thi gian c th.

Mt Bng Lot Thi Gian (Time Series) lit k nhng thuc tnh v kt
qu cho mt nt hay mt xch c th trong tt c cc khong thi gian.

Cc bng c th c in, sao chp vo vng lu tr tm Windows, hoc lu vo

tp tin. Mt bng v d c biu din trong Hnh 9.6.
Mun to ra mt bng:
1. Chn View >> Table hoc nhp trn Standard Toolbar (Thanh Cng C
Chun).
2. S dng hp thoi Table Options (Chn Bng) m xut hin trn mn
hnh chn:

Kiu bng

Nhng s lng hin th trong mi ct

Bt k b lc no p dng cho cc d liu

Hnh 9.6 Bng V D Network Nodes (Cc Nt Mng)

143

Biu thoi Table Options (Chn Bng) c ba trang tabbed nh c biu din
trong Hnh 9.7. C ba trang u sn c khi mt bng c to ra ln u. Sau
khi bng c to ra, ch nhng bng (tab) Columns (ct) v Filters (b lc) l
s xut hin. Nhng la chn sn c trn mi trang l nh sau:

Hnh 9.7 Hp Thoi Table Options (Chn Bng)

Type Page (Trang Kiu)

Trang Type (Kiu) ca hp thoi Table Options (Chn Bng) c s dng
chn kiu bng s to ra. Cc chn l:

Tt c cc nt mng trong mt khong thi gian c th

Tt c cc mt xch mng trong mt khong thi gian c th

Tt c cc khong thi gian cho mt nt c th

144

Tt c cc khong thi gian cho mt mt xch c th

Cc trng d liu sn c cho vic chn khong thi gian hay nt/mt xch m
bng c p dng.

Trang Columns (ct)

Trang Columns (ct) ca biu thoi Table Options (Chn Bng) (Hnh 9.8) chn
nhng thng s c hin th trong cc ct ca bng.

Nhp hp kim sot bn cnh tn ca mi thng s m bn mun a

vo bng, hoc nu mc c chn, nhp vo khng chn n
na. (Cc phm Mi Tn Up (Ln) v Down (Xung) ca bn phm c th
c s dng di chuyn gia cc tn thng s, v phm cch c th
c s dng chn/khng chn cc la chn).

Mun phn loi mt bng Kiu Mng (Network) i vi nhng gi tr ca

mt thng s c th, hy chn thng s t danh sch v ngng nh du
kim Sorted by di y ca biu. (Thng s c phn loi khng
phi c chn nh mt trong cc ct trong bng.) Cc bng Lot Thi
gian (Time Series) khng th c phn loi.

145

Hnh 9.8 Trang nhng ct (Columns Page) ca hp thoi Table Selection

(Chn Bng)

Filters Pages (Trang B Lc)

Filters Pages (Trang B Lc) ca biu thoi Table Options (Chn Bng) (Hnh
9.9) c s dng xc nh cc iu kin chn cc mc xut hin trong
mt bng. Mun lc ni dung ca mt bng:

S dng cc kim sot trn u trang Mun to ra mt iu kin (v d

nh p Lc Di 20).

Nhp Nt Add thm iu kin vo danh sch.

S dng nt Delete (Xa) loi b mt iu kin c chn ra khi

danh sch.

Nhiu iu kin c s dng lc bng c ni bi AND (V). Nu mt

bng c b lc, mt bng c th thay i kch c s xut hin di y
ch cch m nhiu mc tha mn cc iu kin lc.

146

Hnh 9.9 Filters Pages (Trang B Lc) Ca Hp Thoi Table Selection (Chn
Bng)

Khi mt bng c to ra bn c th thm/xa ct hoc phn loi hay lc

cc d liu ca n:

Chn Report >> Options hoc nhp

trn Standard Toolbar (Thanh Cng

C Chun) hoc nhp phi vo bng.

S dng cc trang Columns v Filters ca biu thoi Table Selection

(Chn Bng) sa i bng ca bn.

9.4 Xem Special Reports (Cc Bo Co c Bit)

Ngoi nhng th v bng, EPANET c th to ra vi bo co chuyn dng
khc. l:

Status Report (Bo co Tnh trng)

Energy Report (Bo co Nng lng)

Calibration Report (Bo Co nh C)

Reaction Report (Bo Co Phn ng)

Full Report (Bo Co y )

Tt c cc bo co ny c th c in, sao chp vo mt tp tin hoc sao chp

vo vng lu tr tm Windows (Full Report (Bo Co y ) ch c th c
lu vo tp tin.)
Status Report (Bo co Tnh trng)

147

EPANET vit tt c cc thng bo li v cnh bo c to ra trong thi gian

thc hin mt s phn tch cho mt Status Report (Bo co Tnh trng) (xem
Hnh 9.10). Cc thng tin b sung v vic khi no th nhng i tng mng
thay i tnh trng cng c vit cho bo co ny nu la chn Status Report
(Bo co Tnh trng) trong Hydraulics Options (Nhng La Chn Thy Lc) ca
project c nh ra l Yes hay Full. Mun xem mt Status Report (Bo co Tnh
trng) trn phn tch gn nht chn Report >> Status t trnh n chnh.

Hnh 9.10 on Trch T Mt Status Report (Bo Co Tnh Trng)

Energy Report (Bo co Nng lng)

EPANET c th to ra mt Energy Report (Bo co Nng lng) m hin th
thng k v nng lng c tiu th bi mi my bm v chi ph ca vic s
dng nng lng ny trong khong thi gian ca mt s m phng (xem Hnh
9.11). Mun to ra mt Energy Report (Bo co Nng lng) chn Report >>
Energy t trnh n chnh. Bo co c hai trang tabbed. Trang th nht hin th

148

vic s dng nng lng bi my bm trong mt nh dng bng bng. Trang

th hai so snh mt Thng Tin Thng K (Statistics) nng lng c chn gia
cc my bm s dng mt biu .

Hnh 9.11 V D Energy Report (Bo Co Nng Lng)

Calibration Report (Bo Co nh C)

Mt Calibration Report (Bo Co nh C) c th cho thy cc kt qu m
phng ca EPANET ph hp vi cc s o t h thng ang c lp m hnh
tt nh th no. Mun to ra mt Calibration Report (Bo Co nh C):
1. Trc ht chc chn rng cc D liu nh C (Calibration Data) cho s
lng ang c nh c c c ng k vi project (Xem Phn
5.3).
2. Chn Report >> Calibration t trnh n chnh.
3. Trong biu Calibration Report Options m xut hin trn mn hnh (xem
Hnh 9.12):

chn mt thng s nh c

chn cc v tr o s dng trong bo co

4. nhp OK to ra bo co.

149

Sau bo co c to ra biu Calibration Report Options c th c gi v

thay i cc la chn bo co bng cch chn Report >> Options hoc bng
cch nhp

trn Standard Toolbar (Thanh Cng C Chun) khi bo co l ca

s hot ng hin ti tr ong khng gian lm vic ca EPANET.

Mt Calibration Report (Bo Co nh C) mu c biu din trong Hnh 9.13.
N cha ba trang tabbed: Statistics, Correlalion Plot, v Mean Comparisons.
Statistics Page (Trang Thng Tin Thng K)
Trang Thng Tin Thng K (Statistics) ca mt Calibration Report (Bo Co nh
C) lit k nhiu thng tin thng k li gia nhng gi tr m phng v quan st
mi v tr o v cho ton b mng. Nu mt gi tr o c ti mt v tr
c thc hin vo mt khong thi gian gia nhng khong thi gian bo co
ca s m phng th mt gi tr m phng cho thi gian c tm thy bng
cch ni suy gia cc gi tr m phng mt trong hai u ca khong thi
gian.

Hnh 9.12 Calibration Report Options Dialog (Hp Thoi Nhng La Chn Bo
Co nh C)

150

Hnh 9.13 V D Calibration Report (Bo Co nh C)

Cc thng tin thng k c lit k cho mi v tr o l:

S quan st

Trung bnh ca cc gi tr quan st

Trung bnh ca cc gi tr m phng

Li tuyt i trung bnh gia mi gi tr quan st v m phng

Li s cn bnh phng trung bnh

Nhng thng tin thng k ny cng c cung cp cho ton b mng (c ngha
l tt c cc li o v m hnh gp li). Cng c lit k l tng quan gia

151

nhng gi tr trung bnh (h s tng quan gia gi tr quan st trung bnh v

gi tr m phng trung bnh mi v tr).
Correlation Plot Page (Trang Bn V Tng Quan)
Correlation Plot Page (Trang Bn V Tng Quan) ca mt Calibration Report
(Bo Co nh C) trnh by mt bn v ri rc cc gi tr quan st v m
phng cho mi ln o c thc hin ti mi v tr. Mi v tr c gn cho mt
mu khc nhau trong bn v. Cc im n ng to gc 45 trn bn v
cng gn th s ph hp gia cc gi tr quan st v m phng cng gn.
Mean Comparisons Page (Trang Nhng So Snh Trung Bnh)
Trang Mean Comparisons ca mt Calibration Report (Bo Co nh C) gii
thiu mt biu m so snh gi tr quan st trung bnh vi gi tr m phng
trung bnh cho mt thng s nh c ti mi v tr ni nhng o c c thc
hin.
Reaction Report (Bo Co Phn ng)
Mt Reaction Report (Bo Co Phn ng), sn c khi lp m hnh s phn ca
mt yu t cht lng nc phn ng, m t bng th cc tc phn ng
trung bnh tng th xy ra trn ton mng li ti nhng v tr sau:

lu lng khi

thnh ng

trong cc i nc.

Mt biu hnh bnh cho thy bao nhiu phn trm ca tc phn ng tng
th ang xy ra ti mi v tr. Ch thch biu hin th nhng tc trung
bnh tnh bng n v khi lng trn gi. Mt ch thch cui trang trn biu
cho thy tc ca cht phn ng vo h thng.
Cc thng tin trong Reaction Report (Bo Co Phn ng) c th cho thy khi

152

mi nhn thong qua l c ch no chu trch nhim i vi phn ln s pht

trin hay phn r ca mt cht trong mng. V d, nu ta quan st thy rng
hu ht s phn r ca Clo trong mt h thng ang xy ra trong cc i nc
ch khng phi ti thnh ng th ta c th phng on rng mt chin lc sa
cha nhm lm sch v thay th ng s c t tc dng i vi vic ci thin
lng Clo d.
Mt hp thoi Graph Options (Chn Th) c th c a ra sa i s
xut hin ca biu hnh bnh bng cch chn Report >> Options hoc bng
cch nhp

trn Standard Toolbar (Thanh Cng C Chun), hoc bng cch

nhp phi vo bt c ch no trn biu .

Full Report (Bo Co y )
Khi biu tng

xut hin trong mc Run Status (Tnh Trng Vn Hnh) ca

Thanh Trng Thi (Status Bar), mt bo co v cc kt qu tnh ton cho tt c

cc nt, mt xch v khong thi gian c th c lu vo tp tin bng cch
chn Full t trnh n Report. Bo co ny, m c th c xem hoc in bn
ngoi EPANET s dng bt k chng trnh sa i vn bn hay b x l vn
bn, cha cc thng tin sau:

Tiu v nhng ghi ch project

Mt bng lit k cc nt cui, chiu di, v ng knh ca mi mt xch

Mt bng lit k cc thng tin thng k v s dng nng lng cho mi

my bm

Mt cp bng cho mi khong thi gian lit nhng gi tr tnh ton cho
mi nt (nhu cu, ct p, p lc, v cht lng) v cho mi mt xch (lu
lng, vn tc, tn tht ct p, v tnh trng).

c tnh ny c ch ch yu cho vic cung cp ti liu v nhng kt qu cui

cng ca mt s phn tch mng trn nhng mng c nh cho ti trung bnh
(cc tp tin bo co y cho nhng mng ln c phn tch qua nhiu

153

khong thi gian c th d dng tiu th hng chc megabyte khng gian a).
Nhng cng c bo co khc c m t trong chng ny sn c cho vic
xem cc kt qu tnh ton trn mt c s chn lc hn.

CHNG 10: IN V SAO CHP

Chng ny m t cc in, sao chp vo Vng lu tr tm Wimlows, hoc sao
chp vo tp tin ni dung ca ca s tch cc hin ti trong khng gian lm
vic ca EPANET. iu ny c th bao gm bn mng, mt th, mt
bng, mt bo co, hay nhng thuc tnh ca mt i tng c chn t
Brser (B Duyt)
10.1 Chn my in
Mun chn mt my in trong s cc my in Windows c lp t ca bn
v n nh cc thuc tnh ca n:
1. Chn Select File >> Page Setup t trnh n chnh.
2. Nhp nt Printer (My in) trn hp thoi Page Setup xut hin trn mn
hnh (xem Hnh 10.1).
3. Chn mt my in t nhng la chn sn c trong combo trong hp
thoi tip theo m xut hin trn mn hnh.
4. Nhp nt Properties chn thuc tnh ca my in (m thay i theo s
chn my in).
5. Nhp OK trn mi hp thoi chp nhn nhng la chn ca bn.
10.2 nh Page Format (nh Dng Trang)

154

Mun dng trang in:

1. Chn File >> Page Setup t trnh n chnh.
2. S dng trang Margins ca Page Setup xut hin trn mn hnh. (Hnh
10.1) :

Chn mt my in

Chn nh hng giy (Portrait hay Landscape)

nh l tri, phi, trn, v di

3. S dng trang Header/Fters ca hp thoi :

Cung cp vn bn cho mt Header m s xut hin trn mi trang

Ch ra l Header phi c in ra hay khng

Cung cp vn Fter m s xut hin trn mi trang

Ch ra l Fter phi c in ra hay khng

Ch ra l cc trang phi c nh hay khng

4. Nhp OK chp nhn nhng la chn ca bn.

155

Hnh 10.1 Hp Thoi Page Setup

10.3 Print Preview (Xem Trc Bn In)

Mun xem trc mt bn in, chn File >> Print Preview t trnh n chnh. Mt
biu Preview (Xem trc) s xut hin cho thy trang mi ca i tng ang
c in s trong nh th no khi c in ra.
10.4 In Mt Hnh Anh Hin Ti (Current View)
Mun in ni dung ca ca s hin ti ang c xem trong khng gian lm vic
ca EPANET chn File >> Print t trnh n chnh hoc nhp

trn Standard

Toolbar (Thanh Cng C Chun). Cc hnh nh sau c th in ra:

Data Browser (B Duyt D Liu) (nhng thuc tnh ca i tng c

chn hin ti)

Network Map (Bn Mng) (ti mc phng to thu nh hin ti)

Graphs (cc bn v Time Series, Profile, Contour, Frequency v System

Flow)

Tables

Status, Energy, Calibration, v Reaclion Reports.

10.5 Sao chp vo vng lu tr tm hay vo mt tp tin

156

EPANET c th sao chp vn bn v th ca ca s hin ti c xem ti c

Clipboard Windows v tp tin. Nhng hnh nh m c th c sao chp theo
kiu ny bao gm Network Map (Bn Mng), cc th, bng, v bo co.
Mun sao chp hnh nh hin ti vo Clipboard hay Tp tin:
1. Chn Edit >> Copy to t trnh n chnh hoc nhp
2. Chn cc la chn t hp thoi Copy m xut hin trn (Xem Hnh 10.2)
v Nhp nt OK ca n.
3. Nu bn chn copy-to-file, nhp tn ca tp tin trong hp thoi Save As
m xut hin trn mn hnh v nhp OK.
S dng hp thoi Copy nh sau xc nh l bn mun sao chp d liu ca
bn nh th no v vo u:
1. Chn mt ni n cho ti liu ang c sao chp (Clipboard hay Tp tin)
2. Chn mt nh dng sao chp vo:

Bitmap (ch c hnh nh)

Tp tin m t (ch c hnh nh)

Data (vn bn, nhng c chn trong mt bng, hoc d liu c

s dng xy dng mt th)

3. Nhp OK chp nhn nhng la chn ca bn hoc Cancel hy b

yu cu sao chp.

157

Hnh 10.2 Hp thoi Copy (Sao Chp)

158

CHNG 11: NHP V XUT

Chng ny gii thiu khi nim Project Scenarios (Kch Bn D n) v m t
cch m EPANET c th nhp v xut cc d liu ny v d liu khc, chng
hn nh Network Map (Bn Mng) v c s d liu project tng th.
11.1 Project Scenarios (Kch Bn D n)
Mt Project Scenarios (Kch Bn D n) gm c mt tp con cc d liu m m
t cc iu kin hin ti m trong mt mng li ng ang c phn tch.
Mt Kch Bn (Scenario) c th gm c mt loi d liu hoc hn nh sau:

Nhu cu ( cn bn cng vi cc kiu thi gian cho tt c cc loi) ti tt

c cc nt.

Cht lng nc ban u ti tt c cc nt

ng knh cho tt c cc ng

Nhng h s nhm cho tt c cc ng

H s phn ng (khi v thnh) cho tt c cc ng

Nhng kim sot n gin v da trn quy tc

EPANET c th son tho mt Kch Bn (Scenario) da trn mt s hoc tt c

cc loi d liu c lit k trn, lu Kch Bn (Scenario) vo tp tin, v c
kch bn li sau.
Nhng kch bn c th cung cp phn tch cc phng n thit k v vn hnh
hiu qu v c h thng hn. Chng c th s dng kim tra nhng tc
ng ca cc iu kin ti (loading) khc nhau, tm kim nhng thng s c
tnh ti u, v nh gi nhng thay i trong cc chnh sch vn hnh. Nhng
tp tin kch bn c lu thnh vn bn ASCII v c th c to ra hoc sa
i bn ngoi EPANET s dng mt chng trnh sa i vn bn hoc chng

159

trnh bng biu.

11.2 Xut mt Kch Bn (Scenario)
Mun xut mt kch bn d n vo mt tp tin vn bn:
1. Chn tp tin File >> Export >> Scenario t trnh n chnh.
2. Trong Xut Biu thoi Export Data m xut hin trn mn hnh (xem Hnh
11.1) chn cc loi d liu m bn mun lu.
3. Nhp s m t t chn ca Kch Bn (Scenario) m bn ang lu trong
trng Notes memo (Vit Tt Cc Ghi Ch).
4. Chn nt OK chp nhn nhng la chn ca bn.
5. Trong hp thoi Save m xut hin tip theo chn mt ngn nga v tn
cho tp tin Kch Bn (Scenario). Nhng tp tin Kch Bn (Scenario) s
dng ui mc nh.
6. nhp OK hon thnh vic xut.

160

Hnh 11.1 Export Data Dialog (Hp Thoi D Liu Xut)

Kch Bn (Scenario) xut c th c nhp tr li project trong mt thi gian v

sau nh c m t trong phn tip theo.
11.3 Nhp Mt Kch Bn (Scenario)
Mun nhp mt kch bn project t mt tp tin:
1. Chn File >> Import >> Scenario t trnh n chnh.
2. S dng hp thoi Open File (Tp tin M) m xut hin trn mn hnh
chn mt tp tin kch bn nhp. Bng Contents (Ni dung) ca hp
thoi s hin th vi dng nhng tp tin u tin khi chng c chn,
gip nh v tp tin mong mun.
3. Nhp nt OK chp nhn la chn ca bn.
D liu cha trong tp tin kch bn s thay th bt k s hin hu no ca
cng loi trong project hin ti.
11.4 Nhp Mt Mng B Phn (Partial Network)
EPANET c kh nng nhp mt m t hnh hc ca mt mng ng trong mt
hnh thc vn bn n gin. S m t ny n gin cha nhng ta nhn v
bn ID ca cc nt v cc nhn ID (ID label) v nhng nt cui ca cc mt
xch. iu ny n gin ha qu trnh s dng cc chng trnh khc, chng
hn nh cc gi CAD v GIS, s ho cc d liu hnh hc ca mng v sau
chuyn cc d liu ny ti EPANET.
Hnh thc ca mt tp tin vn bn mng b phn nh sau, vn bn gi
cc du < > m t kiu thng tin no xut hin bn trong dng ca tp tin:

161

Lu rng ch c cc mi ni v ng mi c trnh by. Nhng yu t mng

khc, chng hn nh i nc v my bm, c th c nhp nh cc mi ni
hoc ng v chuyn i sau hoc n gin c thm vo sau ny. Ngi s
dng chu trch nhim v vic chuyn bt k d liu no c to ra t mt
gi CAD hay GIS vo mt tp tin vn bn vi nh dng c biu din trn.
Ngoi ra s trnh by b phn ny, mt phn trnh by y v mng c th
c t trong mt tp tin s dng hnh thc c m t trong Ph Lc C. y
l cng mt nh dng m EPANET s dng khi mt project c xut ti mt
tp tin vn bn (Xem Phn 11.7 bn di). Trong trng hp ny tp tin cng
cha cc thng tin v cc thuc tnh nt v mt xch, chng hn nh cao,
nhu cu, ng knh, nhm, v.v.
11.5 Nhp mt bn mng (Network Map)
Mun nhp cc ta cho mt bn mng c lu trong mt tp tin vn
bn:
1. Chn File >> Import >> Map t trnh n chnh.
2. Chn tp tin cha cc t6ng tin bn t hp thoi Open File (M Tp
Tin) m xut hin trn mn hnh.
3. Nhp OK thay th bn mng hin ti bng bn c m t
trong tp tin.
11.6 Xut Bn Mng (Network Map)
Hnh nh hin ti ca bn mng c th c lu vo tp tin s dng nh
dng DXF ca Autodesk (Drawing Exchange Format), nh dng tp tin m t
tng cng Windows (FMF), hoc nh dng vn bn ASCII ca ring EPANET
162

(bn ). nh dng DXF c c bi nhiu chng trnh Thit K C My Tnh

Tr Gip (CAD). Cc Tp tin m t c th c chn vo vo nhng ti liu x
l vn bn v c chuyn vo cc chng trnh v cho vic nh li t l v
sa i. C hai nh dng u da trn vect v s khng gim phn gii
khi chng c hin th vi nhng t l khc nhau.
Mun xut bn ht c vo mt DXF, tp tin m t, hay tp tin vn bn:
1. Chn tp tin File >> Export >> Map t trnh n chnh.
2. Trong biu thoi Map Export m xut hin trn mn hnh (xem Hnh 11.2)
chn nh dng m bn mun bn lu vo.
3. Nu bn chn nh dng DXF, th bn c mt la chn v vic cc mi
ni s c m t nh th no trong tp tin DXF. Chng c th c v
nh nhng vng trn m, nh nhng vng trn kn, hoc nh nhng hnh
vung kn. Khng phi l tt c nhng ngi c DXF u c th nhn ra
cc lnh c s dng trong tp tin DXF v mt vng trn kn.
4. Sau khi chn mt nh dng, nhp OK v nhp mt tn cho tp tin trong
biu thoi Save As m xut hin trn mn hnh.

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Hnh 11.2 Hp Thoi Xut Bn (Map Export Dialog)

11.7 Xut vo mt tp tin vn bn.

Mun xut cc d liu ca mt project ti mt tp tin vn bn:
1. Chn File >> Export >> Network t trnh n chnh.
2. Trong biu thoi Save m xut hin trn mn hnh nhp mt tn cho tp
tin lu vo (ui mc nh l. INP).
3. Nhp OK hon thnh vic xut.
Tp tin c c s c vit trong nh dng vn bn ASCII, vi nhiu loi d
liu v nhn thuc tnh khc nhau c xc nh r rng. N c th c c
li vo EPANET phn tch vo mt thi gian khc bng cch s dng cc
lnh File >> Open hay File >> Import >> Network. Nhng phn m t mng
hon chnh s dng nh dng u vo ny cng c th c to ra bn ngoi
EPANET s dng bt k chng trnh sa i vn bn hay chng trnh bng
biu no. Mt bn thuyt minh y v nh dng tp tin .INP c cho trong
Ph Lc C.
Nn lu mt phin bn lu tr ca c s d liu ca bn trong nh dng ny
sao cho bn truy xut c mt phin bn con ngi c th c c ca c s
d liu ca bn. Tuy nhin, i vi vic s dng EPANET hng ngy s hiu qu
hn nu lu cc d liu ca bn s dng nh dng tp tin d n (project file)
c bit (m to ra mt tp tin.NET) bng cch s dng cc lnh File >> Save
hay File >> Save As. nh dng ny cha cc thng tin project b sung, chng
hn nh cc mu v phm vi c chn cho nhng ch thch bn , tp hp
cc la chn hin th bn trn thc t, tn ca cc tp tin D liu nh C
c ng k, v bt k la chn in no c chn.

164

CHNG 12: NHNG CU HI THNG GP

Ti c th nhp mt mng li ng c to ra vi mt chng trnh CAD
hoc GIS nh th no?
Xem Phn 11.4.

Lm th no ti c th lp m hnh mt ging bm nc ngm?

Hy m t ging nh mt i nc c ct p bng ct p nn k
(piezometric) ca tng cha nc nc ngm. Ri ni my bm t i nc
ti phn cn li ca mng. Bn c th thm ng vo trc my bm m
t nhng tht thot quanh my bm.
Nu bn bit tc bm ca ging th mt phng php thay th l thay
kt hp ging-bm bng mt mi ni c gn mt nhu cu m bng tc
bm. Mt kiu thi gian cng c th c gn cho nhu cu nu tc
bm thay i theo thi gian.

Ti lm th no nh c mt my bm nhm p ng mt lu lng
c th?
nh tnh trng my bm l CLOSED. Ti nt ht (u vo) ca my bm
thm mt nhu cu bng vi lu lng my bm theo yu cu v t mt
nhu cu m vi cng ln vo nt x. Sau khi phn tch mng, chnh lch
ct p gia hai nt l ct p m my bm cn a ra.

165

Ti lm th no nh c mt my bm nhm p ng mt ct p c
th?
Thay th my bm bng mt Van Ngt p Lc c hng theo chiu ngc
li. Chuyn i ct p thit k ra mt p lc tng ng v s dng n nh
gi tr cho van. Sau khi vn hnh s phn tch lu lng qua van tr thnh
lu lng thit k ca my bm.

Ti lm th no c th a mt thi gian biu lu lng ngun c th

vo mng t cc b cha ca ti?
Thay th cc i nc bi cc mi ni c nhu cu m cn bng thi gian
biu ca cc lu lng ngun. (m bo rng c t nht mt i nc hay
i nc cn li trong mng li, nu khng EPANET s a ra mt thng
bo li.)

Ti c th phn tch cc iu kin lu lng cha chy cho mt nt mi

ni c th nh th no?
Mun xc nh p lc ti a sn c ti mt nt khi lu lng yu cu phi
c tng ln trn p mt m chy, thm lu lng cha chy vo nhu
cu bnh thng ca nt, vn hnh s phn tch, v lu p lc c c ti
nt.
xc nh lu lng ti a sn c ti mt p lc c th, hy nh h s
bnh phun (emitter) ti nt vi mt gi tr ln (v d nh 100 ln lu lng
ti a mong i) v thm ct p yu cu (2,3 ln p lc tnh bng psi) vo
cao ca nt. Sau vn hnh s phn tch, lu lng cha chy sn c
bng vi nhu cu thc t c bo co cho nt tr i bt c nhu cu khch
hng no m c gn cho n.

Ti lm th no lp m hnh mt van ngn nga dng chy ngc

gim p lc?
S dng mt Van Mc ch Chung vi mt ng cong tn tht ct p m

166

cho thy rng tht thot ct p cng tng ln khi lu lng cng gim i.
Cc thng tin t nh sn xut van phi gip trong vic xy dng ng
cong. t mt van kim tra (c ngha l mt on ng ngn m tnh trng
c nh l CV) trong cng lot vi van hn ch hng ca dng chy.

Ti lm th no lp m hnh mt i nc c p dng kh nn?

Nu s thay i p lc trong i nc khng ng k, hy s dng mt i
nc hnh tr rt ngn, rt rng m cao c nh st vi mc ct p
ca i nc. Hy chn kch thc i nc sao cho nhng thay i trong
th tch ch gy ra nhng thay i rt nh trong cao ca mt nc.
Nu ct p p lc c pht trin trong i nc nm trong phm vi H1 v
H2, vi nhng th tch tng ng l V1 v V2, hy s dng mt i nc
hnh tr m din tch mt ct bng (V2-V1)/( H2-H1).

Ti lm th no lp m hnh u vo ca mt i nc m x cao hn
mt nc?
S dng cu hnh c biu din bn di:

u vo ca i nc bao gm mt Van Gi p theo sau bi mt on ng

ngn ng knh ln. Gi tr p lc ca PSV (Van Gi p) phi l 0, v cao
ca cc nt kt thc phi bng cao trong m ti ng tht ni vo i
nc. S dng mt Van Kim Tra trn ng u ra ca i nc ngn
nga dng chy qua n.

Ti xc nh nhng iu kin ban u cho mt s phn tch cht lng

nc nh th no?

167

Nu m phng cc iu kin hin hu c theo di nh b phn ca mt

nghin cu nh c, hy gn nhng gi tr o c cho cc nt m
nhng cng vic o c thc hin v ni suy (bng mt) gn gi tr cho
nhng v tr khc. Xin ht sc khuyn co rng v tr cc i cha nc v
ngun phi c bao gm trong tp hp ca nhng v tr m nhng
cng vic o c thc hin.
Mun m phng cc iu kin tng lai hy bt u vi nhng gi tr ban
u bt buc (tr ti cc i nc) v vn hnh s phn tch cho nhiu chu
k kiu nhu cu lp i lp li sao cho cc kt qu cht lng nc cng bt
u lp i lp li mt cch tun hon. S chu k nh vy c th c gim
xung nu nhng c tnh ban u tt c thc hin cho cht lng nc
trong cc i nc. V d, nu lp m hnh tui ca nc gi tr ban u c
th l tp hp thi gian c mt trung bnh ca i nc, m gn xp x bng
phn ca th tch m n trao i mi ngy.

Ti lm th no c tnh gi tr ca cc h s phn ng khi v thnh?

Cc h s phn ng khi c th c c tnh bng cch thc hin mt cuc
th bng chai trong phng th nghim (Xem Cc Phn ng Khi trong Phn
3.4). Cc tc phn ng thnh khng th o trc tip c. Chng phi n
mi vi cc d liu nh c thu thp c t cc nghin cu ngoi hin
trng (v d nh s dng th v sai xc nh cc gi tr h s m to ra
cc kt qu m phng n khp nht vi nhng quan st ngoi hin trng).
Cc ng nha v ng thp c lt tng i mi khng c mong i l to
ra nhu cu thnh ng k no v nhng cht kh trng chng hn nh Clo
v Chloramines.

Ti lm th no c th lp m hnh mt trm bm tng cng Clo?

t mt trm bm tng cng ti mt nt mi ni vi nhu cu zr hoc
dng hoc ti mt i nc. Chn nt vo Property Editor v nhp nt du
ngoc cung trong trng Source Quality lm xut hin Source Quality
Editor. Trong chng trnh sa i, nh Source Type l SETPOINT BOOSTER

168

v nh Source Quality l nng Clo m nc ri khi nt s c tng

cng ti. Cch khc l nu trm s s dng vic thm Clo theo tc dng
chy th nh Source Type ti FloW PACED BOOSTER v Source Quality ti
nng m s c thm vo nng ri b nt. Hy nh r mt ID kiu
thi gian trong trng Time Pattern nu bn mun thay i mc tng cng
theo thi gian.

Ti lm th no lp m hnh s pht trin THM trong mt mng li?

S pht trin THM c th c lp m hnh s dng ng hc bo ha th
t th nht. Chn Options-Reactions t Data Browser. nh th t phn ng
khi bng 1 v nng gii hn bng mc THM ti a m nc c th to
ra, vi mt thi gian lu lu. nh h s phn ng khi bng mt s
dng phn nh tc sn xut THM (v d nh thi gian gp i THM chia
cho 0,7). Nhng con s c tnh v h s phn ng v nng gii hn c
th t c t vic th trong phng th nghim. H s phn ng s tng
khi nhit nc tng ln. Cc nng ban u ti tt c cc nt mng
li t nht phi bng nng THM i vo mng t nt ngun ca n.

Ti c th s dng mt chng trnh sa i vn bn sa i nhng

thuc tnh mng trong khi chy EPANET khng?
Lu mng vo tp tin nh vn bn ASCII (Chn File >> Export >> Network).
Vi EPANET vn cn chy, khi ng chng trnh sa i vn bn ca bn.
Chuyn tp tin mng lu vo chng trnh sa i. Khi bn thc hin
xong vic sa i tp tin, hy lu n vo a. Chuyn sang EPANET v c
trong tp tin (Chn File >> Open). Bn c th tip tc chuyn qua chuyn
li gia chng trnh sa i v EPANET, khi nhng thay i khc na cn
thit. Ch cn nh lu tp tin sau khi sa i n trong chng trnh sa i,
v m n li ln na sau khi chuyn sang EPANET. Nu bn s dng mt b
x l vn bn (chng hn nh WordPad) hoc mt bng biu nh chng
trnh sa i ca bn, nh lu tp tin nh vn bn ASCII n gin.

Ti c th chy nhiu chng trnh ca EPANET cng lc c khng?

169

c. iu ny c th t ra hu ch trong vic thc hin nhng so snh i

chiu gia hai kch bn thit k hoc nhng vn hnh khc nhau hoc hn.

170