108

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109
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(brand umbrella) - Coca-Cola Marlborough, IBM
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110

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111

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112

Nike:
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(state-of-the-art R & D)
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120
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113
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114

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117
(Supply chain event management
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120
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123
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Lean manufacturing, lean enterprise, or lean production, often simply, "Lean," is a production practice that
considers the expenditure of resources for any goal other than the creation of value for the end customer to be
wasteful, and thus a target for elimination.
1

124
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130

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131
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138
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143
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146
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9.5. (Benchmarking)
2

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2

Benchmarking is the process of comparing one's business processes and performance metrics to industry bests
and/or best practices from other industries. Dimensions typically measured are quality, time and cost. In the
process of benchmarking, management identifies the best firms in their industry, or in another industry where
similar processes exist, and compare the results and processes of those studied (the "targets") to one's own results
and processes. In this way, they learn how well the targets perform and, more importantly, the business processes
that explain why these firms are successful.

147
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148
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149

10
10.

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151

.
. Xerox, Dell, Nokia, Benetton,
Nike, Mercedes-Benz, 3M, Apple, .,
.
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:

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state-of-the-art
10.1.
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152
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153
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3

.
.
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3

A win-win game is a game which is designed in a way that all participants can profit from it in one way or the
other. In conflict resolution, a win-win strategy is a conflict resolution process that aims to accommodate all
disputants.

154

.-
. "Win-win"
50/50,
,
.
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,
.
10.3.

. 1
.
155
1. .
10.4.
1. - -
2. push pull
3.
4. /
5. " " "---"
6.
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--

156
10.5.

,
.
2
.
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push pull




---









,


win-win
157
10.6. 3PL 4PL
3PL (third-party logistics)
4PL (fourth-party logistics)

. ,

, .
Accenture
( Andersen Consult ing).
,

. ,
(joint venture) ,
-- (end-to-end )
.
4PL
. 3 4PL .
158
4PL (fourth-party logistics)






4PL


3PL


4PL

Set-up





-
(joint venture)


4PL