Th nghiem Qua trnh Thiet b

1.

Truyen nhiet ong long ong

TRCH YEU :

1.1. Muc ch th nghiem:

- Lam quen vi thiet b truyen nhiet ong long ong, cac dung
cu o nhiet o va lu lng lu chat.
- Xac nh he so truyen nhiet trong qua trnh truyen nhiet
gia 2 dong lanh, nong, qua vach kim loai, cac che o
chay khac nhau.
- Thiet lap can bang nhiet lng.
1.2. Phng phap:
Kho sat ong B va ong C nhng che o chay khac nhau
t o tnh toan xac nh he so truyen nhiet gia hai dong
lanh va nong.
1.3. Ket qua th nghiem:
Ket qua tho: 1 ft3 = 2.83x10-2 m3
Bang 1 So lieu th nghiem Ong B
Lu lng
dong
0.2
0.24
nong
(ft3/ph)
Lu lng
dong lanh tV1 tR1 tV2 tR2 tV1 tR1 tV2 tR2
(ft3/ph)
0.2
8
8
3
4
8
7
3
4
9
0
5
0
4
7
6
0
0.3
8
7
3
3
8
7
3
3
8
9
3
7
5
8
3
7
0.4
8
7
3
3
8
7
3
3
7
8
2
6
6
8
3
6
0.5
8
7
3
3
8
7
3
3
6
7
2
4
6
8
2
5
Bang 2 So lieu th
Lu lng
dong
0.2
nong
(ft3/ph)
Lu lng
dong lanh tV1 tR1 tV2
(ft3/ph)
0.2
8
8
3
8
0
6
0.3
8
7
3
7
9
4
0.4
8
7
3
7
7
3
0.5
8
7
3

0.3

0.39

tV1 tR1

tV2 tR2 tV1 tR1

tV2 tR2

8
3
8
2
8
2
8
1

3
5
3
3
3
2
3
1

3
5
3
3
3
2
3
2

77
75.
5
75
75

3
9
3
6
3
5
3
4

8
0
8
1
8
2
8
2

74.
5
76
77
77

3
9
3
7
3
6
3
5

nghiem Ong C
0.24

0.3

0.34

tR2 tV1

tR1 tV2

tR2 tV1

tR1 tV2

tR2 tV1

tR1 tV2

tR2

4
0
3
9
3
7
3

8
2
8
0
7
9
7

4
2
4
0
3
8
3

8
2
8
0
7
9
7

4
2
4
0
3
9
3

8
5
8
4
8
2
8

4
4
4
1
3
9
3

8
7
8
8
8
8
8

3
6
3
5
3
4
3

Trang 1

87
86.
5
87
87

3
7
3
5
3
4
3

9
0
9
0
9
0
9

3
7
3
5
3
4
3

Th nghiem Qua trnh Thiet b

7

Truyen nhiet ong long ong

1.4. Nhn xet kt qu:

He so truyen nhiet dai thc nghiem K1 nho hn he so
truyen nhiet dai ly thuyet K1* do ton that nhiet va cac sai so
xay ra trong qua trnh th nghiem.
2.

LY THUYET TH NGHIEM :

Qua trnh truyen nhiet trong thiet b dang ong long ong la
mot v du cua s truyen nhiet phc tap. ay dien ra s trao
oi nhiet gia hai lu chat c ngan cach bi vach ngan kim
loai, bao gom truyen nhiet oi lu t dong nong en vach,
dan nhiet qua thanh ong kim loai va oi lu nhiet gia dong
lanh vi thanh ong.
2.1. Phnh trnh can bang nhet lng cho hai dong lu
chat:
Q = G1C1(tV1 tR1) = G2C2(tR2 tV2) , W
Trong o :
G1, G2 : lu lng dong nong va lanh, kg/s.
C1, C2 : nhiet dung rieng trung bnh cua dong nong, dong
lanh (J/kg.K)
tV1, tR1 : nhiet o vao va ra cua dong nong, 0C
tV2, tR2 : nhiet o vao va ra cua dong lanh , 0C
2.2. Phng trnh bieu ien qua trnh truyen nhiet:
Q = Kl.tlog.L
Trong o:
L : Chieu dai ong, m
Kl : He so truyen nhiet dai, W/mK
tlog : Chenh lech nhiet o trung bnh logarit, K
2.3. o chenh lech nhet o trung bnh logarit:

t log

t L t N
t
ln L
t N

2.4. He so truyen nhiet l thuyet, K*1:

K l*

d ng

r
1
1
1

ln

b
1d tr 2 d tr 2 d ng d b

Trong o:
dng, dtr : ng knh ngoai va trong cua ong truyen nhiet, m.

Trang 2

Th nghiem Qua trnh Thiet b

Truyen nhiet ong long ong

: He so dan nhiet cua ong, W/mK.

rb : Nhiet tr cua lp cau.
db : ng knh lp cau, m.
2.5. He so cap nhiet 1, 2 gia vach ngan va dong lu
chat:
0 , 25

Pr

Nu A. Re . Pr .
Prt
m

l . R

Cac he so A, n, m, l, R, la cac he so thc nghiem, tuy thuoc

vao cac yeu to sau :
- Che o chay cua cac dong lu chat
- S tng quan gia dong chay va be mat truyen nhiet
- ac iem be mat truyen nhiet (o nham, hnh dang)
2.6. Che o chay cua lu chat c ac trng bang
chuan so Re:

Re

w.l

Trong o:
w : Van toc dong, m/s
: o nht ong hoc cua lu chat, m2/s
l : Kch thc hnh hoc ac trng, m. Trng hp lu chat
chuyen ong qua tiet dien khong tron, l c tnh bang ng
knh tng ng dtd

d td

4F

Trong o:
F : Dien tch mat cat (tiet dien ngang ma dong lu chat
chuyen ong qua), m2
: Chu vi tiet dien t (chu vi ma chat long tiep xuc vi
be mat trao oi nhiet), m
Thong so c xac nh nhiet o trung bnh cua lu
chat.
2.7. Chuan so Nu:
- Phng thc chay ngang (ong kieu B)
Nu 0.5. Re

5 < Re < 10

0.5

Nu 0.25. Re
3

. Pr

0.38

10 < Re <2.10

0.6

. Pr

Pr

.
Pr
V

0.38

0 , 25

Pr

.
PrV

0 , 25

0 , 25

Pr

Nu 0.023. Re . Pr .
PrV
5
6

2.10 < Re < 2.10

Che o chay doc theo than ong (Ong kieu C)
0.8

Trang 3

0.37

Th nghiem Qua trnh Thiet b

Truyen nhiet ong long ong

Che o chay mang Re < 2320

0 , 25

Pr

Nu 0.15. Re . Pr .Gr .
. 1
PrV
Che o chay chuyen tiep 2320 < Re < 10000
0.33

Nu C. Pr

0.43

Pr

.
PrV

0.43

0.1

0, 25

. 1

Gia tr cua C phu thuoc Re:

Re.10-3 2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
C
1.9
2.2
3.3
3.8
4.4

3
6

4
5
6
8
10.3 15.5 19.5 27

10
33

Che o chay roi Re >104

0 , 25

Pr

Nu 0.021. Re . Pr .
Prt
Ga tr cua 1 phu thuoc t le l/d khi Re <104
l/d
1
2
5
10
15
20
1.9
1.7
1.44
1.28
1.18
1.13
1
0.8

0.43

Khi Re <104, 1 phu thuoc vao Re

Re
10
20
1.104
1.23
1.13
4
2.10
1.18
1.10
5.104
1.13
1.08
5
1.10
1.10
1.06
1.106
1.05
1.03

30
1.05

40
1.02

50
1

l/d
30
1.07
1.05
1.04
1.03
1.02

40
1.03
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.01

50
1
1
1
1
1

Pr : chuan so Prandtl cua lu chat c xac nh nhiet o

trung bnh cua lu chat.
PrV : chuan so Prandtl cua lu chat c xac nh nhiet o
bang nhiet o trung bnh cua thanh ong.
3.

DNG C, THIT B & PHNG PHAP TH NGHIM:

3.1. Dung cu va thiet b th nghiem:

He thong thiet b th nghiem co 3 kieu ket cau be mat
truyen nhiet nh sau:
- Kieu A : Loai ong nhun (ong an hoi c)
- Kieu B : Loai ong long ong ma lu chat chay ngang mat
ngoai cua ong trong. Hai dong chay co phng vuong goc
vi nhau.
- Kieu C : Loai ong long ong n gian, lu chat chay doc be
mat ngoai cua ong trong. Hai dong chay co phng song song
vi nhau.
- Kch thc ong.

Trang 4

Th nghiem Qua trnh Thiet b

Kieu ong
B
C

Truyen nhiet ong long ong

ng knh (mm)
Ong trong
Ong ngoai
14/16
26/28
14/16
26/28

Chieu dai
(mm)
925
1000

3.2. Phng phap th nhim:

Tien trnh th nghiem:
- Cap nc ay vao noi un, ong cac ien tr e un
nc.
- Tm hieu ng i cua dong nong va dong lanh. Cach s
dung cac van : van I, van II
- ieu chnh lu lng dong nong vao ong bang van 3 (van
hoi lu) lan lt cac mc (ft3/ph): 0.39; 0.3; 0.24; 0.2.
- ng vi moi mc lu lng dong lanh ta ieu chnh bang
van 4 lan lt lu lng dong lanh vao ong cac mc
(ft3/ph): 0.2; 0.3; 0.4; 0.5.
- ieu chnh van II e lan lt o lu lng cua dong nong va
dong lanh.
- Tien hanh o nhiet o au vao, au ra cua dong lanh (t 2V,
t2R), va nhiet o au vao, au ra cua dong nong (t 1V, t1R),
moi che o th nghiem khi qua trnh on nh hoan toan .
Dong nong c o lien tuc va hoan lu lien tuc e tranh
ton that nhiet.
- bai th nghiem nay tien hanh che o dong nong va
dong lanh chay ngc chieu nhau.
4.

KET QUA TH NGHIEM :

4.1. Nhiet lng Q va ton that nhiet:

Bang 3 Nhiet lng Q va ton that nhiet ong B
Lu
lng
9.43x10-5
1.13x10-4
1.42x10-4
1.84x10-4
dong
nong
(m3/s)
Lu
Ql
Ql
Ql
Qno
Qno
lng
Q Qno
Q Qno
Q
Q
Q
nh
lnh
nh
nh
dong
(W ng
(W
ng
ng
ng
(W
(W) (W)
(W
(W (W)
(W)
(W)
(W)
(W)
lnh
)
)
)
)
)
(m3/s)
9.43x10- 344 19 14 32 156 166 345 15 18 412 15 256
5
6 58 89 26
6
0
8 67 91
7 67
1
1.42x10 344 23 10 32 235
374 17 19 374 23 139
4
9 52 97 24
2 872
9 64 85
9 52
8
1.89x10 345 31 31 36 235 133 403 23 16 374 31
4
1 37
5 83
2
1
8 53 85
7 37 610
2.36x10 345 19 14 36 294
346 29 51 374 29
4
4 61 93 83
1 742
2 43
9
7 41 806

Trang 5

Th nghiem Qua trnh Thiet b

Truyen nhiet ong long ong

Bang 4 Nhiet lng Q va ton that nhiet ong C

Lu
lng
9.43x10-5
1.13x10-4
1.42x10-4
1.60x10-4
dong
nong
(m3/s)
Lu
Ql
Ql
Ql
Qno
Qno
lng
Q Qno
Q Qno
Q
Q
Q
nh
lnh
nh
nh
dong
(W ng
(W
ng
ng
ng
(W
(W) (W)
(W
(W (W)
(W)
(W)
(W)
(W)
lnh
)
)
)
)
)
(m3/s)
9.43x10- 306 15 14 22 234
287 19 91 324 27
5
5 66 99 98
8 -50
2 56
6
8 38 510
1.42x10 306 29 12 36 293
373 29 80 389 35
4
7 38
9 78
7 741
7 37
0
9 23 376
1.89x10 383 31 70 41 313 100 460 39 68 520 39 128
4
6 36
1 39
4
4
0 17
3
2 17
5
2.36x10 422 39 30 46 391
517 48 27 585 48
4
2 19
2 00
9 681
7 98
9
5 98 956

4.2. tlog:
Bang 5 tlog ong B
Lu lng dong
9.43x10
nong
-5
(m3/s)
Lu lng dong
lnh
tlog (K)
(m3/s)
9.43x10-5
46.97
-4
1.42x10
48.46
1.89x10-4
48.46
-4
2.36x10
48.42
Bang 6 tlog ong C
Lu lng dong
9.43x10
nong
-5
(m3/s)
Lu lng dong
lnh
tlog (K)
3
(m /s)
9.43x10-5
45.97
-4
1.42x10
46.48
-4
1.89x10
46.94

1.13x10 1.42x10-

1.84x10-

-4

tlog (K)

tlog (K)

tlog (K)

42.48
46.48
47.46
48.46

42.99
44.23
44.97
45.48

40.25
43.50
45.50
45.99

1.13x10 1.42x10-

1.60x10-

-4

tlog (K)

tlog (K)

tlog (K)

45.50
46.48
47.46

45.00
45.75
46.48

46.99
49.00
49.48

Trang 6

Th nghiem Qua trnh Thiet b

2.36x10-4

46.41

Truyen nhiet ong long ong

47.94

46.97

49.97

4.3. He so truyen nhiet dai thc nghiem Kl:

Bang 7 He so truyen nhiet dai thc nghiem ng B
Lu lng dong Lu lng dong
nong
lanh
Qlanh(W) tlog K1(W/mK)
3
3
(m /s)
(m /s)
46.9
9.43x10-5
1958
7
45
48.4
1.42x10-4
2352
6
52
9.43x10-05
48.4
1.89x10-4
3137
6
70
48.4
2.36x10-4
1961
2
44
42.4
9.43x10-5
1566
8
40
46.4
1.42x10-4
2352
8
55
1.13x10-04
47.4
1.89x10-4
2352
6
54
48.4
2.36x10-4
2941
6
66
42.9
9.43x10-5
1567
9
39
44.2
1.42x10-4
1764
3
43
1.42x10-04
44.9
1.89x10-4
2353
7
57
45.4
2.36x10-4
2943
8
70
40.2
9.43x10-5
1567
5
42
43.5
1.42x10-4
2352
0
58
1.84x10-04
45.5
1.89x10-4
3137
0
75
45.9
2.36x10-4
2941
9
69
Bang 8 He so truyen nhiet dai thc nghiem ng C
Lu lng dong Lu lng dong
nong
lanh
Qlanh(W) tlog K1(W/mK)
3
3
(m /s)
(m /s)
-05
9.43x10
45.9
9.43x10-5
1566
7
34
46.4
1.42x10-4
2938
8
63
-4
1.89x10
3136
46.9
67

Trang 7

Th nghiem Qua trnh Thiet b

2.36x10-4
9.43x10-5
1.42x10-4
1.13x10

-04

1.89x10-4
2.36x10-4
9.43x10-5
1.42x10-4
1.42x10-04
1.89x10-4
2.36x10-4
9.43x10-5
1.42x10-4
1.60x10

-04

1.89x10-4
2.36x10-4

Truyen nhiet ong long ong

3919
2348
2937
3134
3919
1956
2937
3917
4898
2738
3523
3917
4898

4
46.4
1
45.5
0
46.4
8
47.4
6
47.9
4
45.0
0
45.7
5
46.4
8
46.9
7
46.9
9
49.0
0
49.4
8
49.9
7

4.4. He so cap nhiet 1, 2:

Chu thch: 1 la dong nong, 2 la dong lanh.
Bang 9 Che o chay cua lu chat ong B
w1(m/s w2(m/s x106(m2/ x106(m2/
Re1
Re2
)
)
s)
s)
2469
0.286
0.34745
0.69750
2
8200
2441 1167
0.429
0.35135
0.73500
8
2
0.613
2415 1525
0.572
0.35525
0.75000
0
2
2388 1869
0.715
0.35915
0.76500
8
1
2835
0.286
0.36305
0.69000
7
8289
2866 1167
0.429
0.35915
0.73500
5
2
0.735
2882 1540
0.572
0.35720
0.74250
2
6
2882 1887
0.715
0.35720
0.75750
2
6

Trang 8

84
52
63
66
82
43
64
84
104
58
72
79
98

Th nghiem Qua trnh Thiet b

0.286
0.429
0.919
0.572
0.715
0.286
0.429
1.195
0.572
0.715
Bang 10 Che
w1(m/s w2(m/s
)
)
0.286
0.429
0.613
0.572
0.715
0.286
0.429
0.735
0.572
0.715
0.286
0.429
0.919
0.572
0.715
1.042

0.286
0.429
0.572

Truyen nhiet ong long ong

3525
0.36500
0.70500
7
8113
3466 1155
0.37125
0.74250
3
4
3454 1510
0.37250
0.75750
7
1
3431 1851
0.37500
0.77250
7
0
4417
0.37875
0.70500
0
8113
4491 1167
0.37250
0.73500
1
2
4552 1525
0.36750
0.75000
2
2
4552 1887
0.36750
0.75750
2
6
o chay cua lu chat ong C
x106(m2/ x106(m2/
Re1
Re2
s)
s)
2455 1087
0.34940
0.69000
4
9
2428 1580
0.35330
0.71250
3
4
2401 2042
0.35720
0.73500
8
7
2388 2553
0.35915
0.73500
8
3
2963 1112
0.34745
0.67500
0
1
2946 1614
0.34940
0.69750
5
4
2930 2085
0.35135
0.72000
1
2
2914 2553
0.35330
0.73500
0
3
3703 1124
0.34745
0.66750
8
6
3652 1614
0.35233
0.69750
5
4
3642 2107
0.35330
0.71250
5
2
3622 2579
0.35525
0.72750
5
7
4343 1146
0.33575
0.65480
9
4
4318 1631
0.33770
0.69000
8
9
0.34160
0.71250
4269 2107

Trang 9

Th nghiem Qua trnh Thiet b

0.715
Bang 11
w1
w2
(m/s
(m/s)
)
0.28
6
0.42
9
0.61
3
0.57
2
0.71
5
0.28
6
0.42
9
0.73
5
0.57
2
0.71
5
0.28
6
0.42
9
0.91
9
0.57
2
0.71
5
1.19 0.28
5
6
0.42
9
0.57
2
0.71
5

0.34355

Truyen nhiet ong long ong

0.72750

5
4245
3

2
2579
7

He so cap nhiet 1, 2 ca dng nng v dng lnh ng B

Pr1 Pr2 Prv Nu1 Nu2 (W/m. (W/m. (W/m2. (W/m2.

K)
K)
K)
K)
2. 4.
2. 13 11 0.677 0.630
09 59 94 1
1
3
0
6357
5004
2. 4.
3. 13 14 0.676 0.626
12 87 02 1
2
8
0
6313
6331
2. 4.
3. 13 16 0.676 0.624
15 98 08 0
8
3
4
6285
7484
2. 5.
3. 13 19 0.675 0.622
17 09 14 0
1
8
8
6259
8513
2. 4.
3. 14 11 0.675 0.630
20 53 02 6
0
3
8
7051
4969
2. 4.
3. 14 14 0.675 0.626
17 87 08 5
1
8
0
7016
6303
2. 4.
3. 14 16 0.676 0.625
16 92 08 5
8
0
2
7014
7487
2. 5.
3. 14 19 0.676 0.623
16 03 11 5
2
0
6
6997
8535
2. 4.
3. 16 11 0.675 0.629
21 64 06 7
0
0
2
8035
4951
2. 4.
3. 16 14 0.674 0.625
25 92 17 6
0
1
2
7970
6256
2. 5.
3. 16 16 0.674 0.623
26 03 20 5
6
0
6
7949
7409
2. 5.
3. 16 19 0.673 0.622
28 14 25 5
0
6
0
7924
8438
2. 4.
3. 19 10 0.673 0.629
30 64 14 5
9
1
2
9357
4921
2. 4.
3. 19 14 0.674 0.626
26 87 16 4
0
0
0
9337
6261
2. 4.
3. 19 16 0.674 0.624
23 98 16 4
7
7
4
9332
7437
2. 5.
3. 19 19 0.674 0.623
23 03 18 3
1
7
6
9321
8490

Bng 12 He so
w1
w2
(m/s
Pr1
(m/s)
)
0.61 0.28 2.
3
6
11
0.42 2.

cap nhiet 1, 2 ca dng nng v dng lnh ng C

2
Pr2 Prv Nu1 Nu2 (W/m. (W/m. (W/m . (W/m2.
K)
K)
K)
K)
4. 2.
0.677 0.630
53 94 87 76
0
8
4186
3425
4. 3. 86 10 0.676 0.628
4159
4689

Trang 10

Th nghiem Qua trnh Thiet b

0.73
5

0.91
9

1.04
2

9
0.57
2
0.71
5
0.28
6
0.42
9
0.57
2
0.71
5
0.28
6
0.42
9
0.57
2
0.71
5
0.28
6
0.42
9
0.57
2
0.71
5

13
2.
16
2.
17
2.
09
2.
11
2.
12
2.
13
2.
09
2.
13
2.
13
2.
15
2.
02
2.
03
2.
05
2.
07

70
4.
87
4.
87
4.
42
4.
59
4.
75
4.
87
4.
37
4.
59
4.
70
4.
81
4.
27
4.
53
4.
70
4.
81

00
3.
07
3.
09
2.
83
2.
95
3.
00
3.
04
2.
82
2.
96
2.
99
3.
04
2.
75
2.
80
2.
93
2.
96

86
85
10
1
10
0
10
0
99
12
1
11
9
11
9
11
9
13
5
13
4
13
3
13
2

4
13
1
15
6
77
10
5
13
1
15
6
77
10
5
13
2
15
7
77
10
6
13
2
15
8

Truyen nhiet ong long ong

5
0.676
0
0.675
8
0.677
3
0.677
0
0.676
8
0.676
5
0.677
3
0.676
6
0.676
5
0.676
3
0.678
8
0.678
5
0.678
0
0.677
8

4
0.626
0
0.626
0
0.632
4
0.630
0
0.627
6
0.626
0
0.633
2
0.630
0
0.628
4
0.626
8
0.634
7
0.630
8
0.628
4
0.626
8

4129

5838

4120

6968

4892

3468

4839

4724

4815

5893

4794

6994

5853

3477

5772

4719

5754

5904

5729

7008

6535

3509

6499

4792

6422

5939

6399

7055

4.5. He so truyen nhiet dai ly thuyet K1*:

Bng 13 He so truyen nhiet dai ly thuyet K1* ng B
K1*
1

w1
w2
2
2
(W/m .K (W/m . (W/m.K
(m/s)
(m/s)
)
)
K)
0.286
6357
5004
159
0.429
6313
6331
173
0.613
0.572
6285
7484
181
0.715
6259
8513
188
0.286
7051
4969
168
0.429
7016
6303
184
0.735
0.572
7014
7487
195
0.715
6997
8535
202
0.919
0.286
8035
4951
180
0.429
7970
6256
197
0.572
7949
7409
210

Trang 11

Th nghiem Qua trnh Thiet b

Truyen nhiet ong long ong

0.715
0.286
0.429
1.195
0.572
0.715
Bng 14 He so

7924
8438
218
9357
4921
193
9337
6261
215
9332
7437
230
9321
8490
242
truyen nhiet dai ly thuyet K1* ng C
K1*
1

w1
w2
2
2
(W/m.K
(W/m .K (W/m .
(m/s)
(m/s)
)
)
K)
0.286
4186
3425
108
0.429
4159
4689
120
0.613
0.572
4129
5838
127
0.715
4120
6968
133
0.286
4892
3468
119
0.429
4839
4724
133
0.735
0.572
4815
5893
142
0.715
4794
6994
148
0.286
5853
3477
131
0.429
5772
4719
147
0.919
0.572
5754
5904
159
0.715
5729
7008
167
0.286
6535
3509
138
0.429
6499
4792
158
1.042
0.572
6422
5939
171
0.715
6399
7055
180
*
4.6. Ket qua tnh toan K1 va K1 theo che o chay:
Bng 15 Ket qua tnh toan K1* va Kl theo che o chay ong B
w1(m/ w2(m/
K1*
K1
Re1
Re2
s)
s)
(W/m.K) (W/mK)
2469
0.286
2
8200
159
45
2441 1167
0.429
8
2
173
52
0.613
2415 1525
0.572
0
2
181
70
2388 1869
0.715
8
1
188
44
0.735
2835
0.286
7
8289
168
40
2866 1167
0.429
5
2
184
55
2882 1540
0.572
2
6
195
54
0.715 2882 1887
202
66

Trang 12

Th nghiem Qua trnh Thiet b

0.286
0.429
0.919
0.572
0.715
0.286
0.429
1.195
0.572
0.715

2
3525
7
3466
3
3454
7
3431
7
4417
0
4491
1
4552
2
4552
2

Bng 16 Ket qua tnh

w1(m/ w2(m/
Re1
s)
s)
2455
0.286
4
2428
0.429
3
0.613
2401
0.572
8
2388
0.715
8
2963
0.286
0
2946
0.429
5
0.735
2930
0.572
1
2914
0.715
0
3703
0.286
8
3652
0.429
5
0.919
3642
0.572
5
3622
0.715
5
1.042
4343
0.286
9
0.429 4318

Truyen nhiet ong long ong

6
8113
1155
4
1510
1
1851
0

180

39

197

43

210

57

218

70

8113
1167
2
1525
2
1887
6

193

42

215

58

230

75

242

69

toan K1* va Kl theo che o chay ong C

K1*
K1
Re2
(W/m.K) (W/mK)
1087
9
108
34
1580
4
120
63
2042
7
127
67
2553
3
133
84
1112
1
119
52
1614
4
133
63
2085
2
142
66
2553
3
148
82
1124
6
131
43
1614
4
147
64
2107
2
159
84
2579
7
167
104
1146
4
138
58
1631
158
72

Trang 13

Th nghiem Qua trnh Thiet b

Truyen nhiet ong long ong

8
9
4269 2107
0.572
5
2
171
4245 2579
0.715
3
7
180
*
4.7. th K1 va K1 theo Re:
Ong B

79
98

Hnh 1 o th K1* va K1 theo Re2 khi lu lng dong nong la 0.2

ft3/ph

Trang 14

Th nghiem Qua trnh Thiet b

Truyen nhiet ong long ong

Hnh 2 o th K1* va K1 theo Re2 khi lu lng dong nong la 0.24

ft3/ph

Hnh 3 o th K1* va K1 theo Re2 khi lu lng dong nong la 0.30

ft3/ph

Trang 15

Th nghiem Qua trnh Thiet b

Truyen nhiet ong long ong

Hnh 4 o th K1* va K1 theo Re2 khi lu lng dong nong la 0.39

ft3/ph
Ong C

Hnh 5 o th K1* va K1 theo Re2 khi lu lng dong nong la 0.20

ft3/ph

Trang 16

Th nghiem Qua trnh Thiet b

Truyen nhiet ong long ong

Hnh 6 o th K1* va K1 theo Re2 khi lu lng dong nong la 0.24

ft3/ph

Hnh 7 o th K1* va K1 theo Re2 khi lu lng dong nong la 0.30

ft3/ph

Trang 17

Th nghiem Qua trnh Thiet b

Truyen nhiet ong long ong

Hnh 8 o th K1* va K1 theo Re2 khi lu lng dong nong la 0.34

ft3/ph
5.

BAN LUAN :

Cau 1 : Ton that nhiet co ang ke khong. Tai sao?

T ket qua tnh toan, ta thay ton that nhiet kha ln,
trong o ton that nhiet ong B nhn chung cao hn ton that
nhiet ong C.
Nguyen nhan:
- Ton that nhiet la do s mat nhiet cua dong lu chat ra moi
trng ngoai, co the thay la lp cach nhiet cua thiet b
khong c tot.
- Nhiet khong ch b mat mat ra moi trng ngoai ma con
b gi lai mot phan vach kim loai.
- Ngoai ra do lu lng lu chat khong on nh gay mat on
nh trong qua trnh truyen nhiet.
- Ong B ton that nhiet nhieu hn ong C do dong lu chat trong
ong B tiep xuc vi nhau theo phng ngang lam giam thi
gian tiep xuc gia hai dong hn la hai dong chay song song
nh trong ong C. Mac khac, la do hien tng ro r ng
ong B trong th nghiem.
Cau 2 : Mc o sai so, nguyen nhan gay ra sai so trong
luc th nghiem? Bien phap khac phuc?
Mc o sai so kha ln >15%. Do nhieu nguyen nhan gay ra:

Trang 18

Th nghiem Qua trnh Thiet b

Truyen nhiet ong long ong

- Lu lng dong nong va dong lanh i vao hai ong khong

on nh do o khong the am bao van toc vao khong oi
trong suot qua trnh th nghiem
- Cac gia tr o nhiet o khong c tien hanh o cung
thi iem, gay ra sai lech trong tnh toan.
- Dong nong c hoan lu lien tuc lam nhiet o dong
vao khong on nh.
- Cac gia r o nhiet o cang cao tont hat nhiet cang
ln gay sai so.
- Cac ong thiet b cach nhiet khong c tot.
- Cac ong b ro r.
- Ngoai ra gia tr nhiet o tren bang oc khong on nh
ma luon bien thien trong mot khoang nhat nh do o sai
so do chu quan cua ngi oc la khong the tranh khoi.
- Sai so do thiet b o lu lng va thiet b o nhiet o ( Sai
so he thong )
- Th nghiem ch tien hanh mot lan nen khong the kiem
chng mc o lap lai cua ket qua.
- Do thao tac cua ngi tien hanh th nghiem.
- Cac sai so do viec tra so lieu, quy tron so lieu cung
mot phan anh hng en ket qua tnh toan. Ngoai ra, cac
thong so nhiet o dung e tnh toan ta dung nhiet o
trung bnh nen ket qua khong chnh xac.
Bien phap khac phuc:
- Cach nhiet ong kim loai tot, sa cha cac oan ong b ro
r.
- Th nghiem nhiet o lu chat khong qua cao.
- Tien hanh th nghiem, oc ket qua nhiet o that nhanh e
tranh sai so.
- Th nghiem nen tien hanh lap lai nhieu lan.
Cau 3 : So sanh he so truyen nhiet dai thc nghiem K 1
vi he so truyen nhiet dai ly thuyet K1*.
T o th cho ta thay c moi quan he gia cac gia tr K l
va K1* oi vi tng che o chay nh sau: cung mot che
o chay th K1* > Kl. K1* bien thien mot cach eu an theo
che o chay. Con Kl th bien thien khong ieu an, luc
nhanh, luc cham theo che o chay. ong C, th K l tang theo
che o chay ca 4 trng hp. Con ong B, o th 1 va
o th 4, co s giam oan Re > 16000. ieu nay chng to
s truyen nhiet b anh hng bi nhieu yeu to ngoai
nguyen nhan chnh la s ton that nhiet ln con do lp can
ban, nhiet ben ngoai truyen vao, khi tnh toan K * ta a bo
qua be day lp can ban tren thanh ong truyen nhiet v

Trang 19

Th nghiem Qua trnh Thiet b

Truyen nhiet ong long ong

khong the xac nh c, dan en s sai lech kha ln gia

Kl thc te va K* ly thuyet.
6.

PHU LUC :

6.1. Cac thong so vat ly:

(kg/m3), C, (W/m.K), (m2/s), Pr c tra t bang tra cu Qua
trnh c hoc truyen nhiet-truyen khoi.
6.2. Knh thc hnh hoc ac trng cua cac loai ong:
Lu chat chuyen ong qua tiet dien tron: dt = dtr.
Lu chat chuyen ong qua tiet dien khong tron, dt c tnh
theo cong thc:
4F
dt

F: dien tch mat cat (tiet dien ngang ma dong lu chat

chuyen ong qua), m2.
: chu vi tiet dien t (chu vi ma chat long tiep xuc vi
bem mat trao oi nhiet), m

Ong B:
Dong lanh:
F = 0.925x(0.026 0.016) = 9.25x10-3 (m2).
dt = d1ng = 0.016 (m).
Dong nong:
dt = dtr = 0.014(m).
0.014 2
F
1.54 x10 4 ( m 2 )
4
Ong C:
Dong lanh:
(0.026 2 0.016 2 )
F
3.3 x10 4 (m 2 )
4
dt = d2tr - d1ng = 0.026 - 0.016 = 0.010 (m).
Dong nong:
0.014 2
F
1.54 x10 4 ( m 2 )
4
dt = dtr = 0.014(m)
6.3. Tnh nhiet lng Q:
Nhiet lng QN cua dong nong truyen cho dong lanh va nhiet
lng QL dong lanh nhan c c tnh theo cong thc:
Q = G.C.(tv tr)

Trang 20

Th nghiem Qua trnh Thiet b

Truyen nhiet ong long ong

G: Lu lng cua lu chat, kg/s

C: Nhiet dung rieng trung bnh cua lu chat, J/kg.o
tv, tr: nhiet o vao va ra cua lu chat, 0C
Thc te dong lanh khong nhan toan bo nhiet lng do dong
nong truyen qua ma se co mot phan nhiet b mat mat, ta
co can bang nhiet lng:
G1C1(tv1- tr1) = G2C2(tr2 tv2) + Q
G1, G2: lu lng dong nong va lanh, kg/s.
C1, C2: nhiet dung rieng trung bnh cua hai dong nong
va dong lanh, J/kg.K.
tv1, tR1: nhiet o vao va ra cua dong nong, 0C.
tv2, tR2: nhiet o vao va ra cua dong lanh, 0C.
Q: Lng nhiet ton that.
T phng trnh can bang nhiet tren, ta tnh c lng
nhiet mat mat Q.
6.4. Tnh nhiet o logarit trung bnh:

t log

t L t N
t
log L
t N

6.5. Tnh he so truyen nhiet dai thc nghiem Kl:

Ta tnh Kl theo cong thc:
Q = Kl.tlog.L
L: chieu dai ong, m.
Kl: he so truyen nhiet dai, W/m.K
tlog: chenh lech nhiet o trung bnh logarit, K
Ta dung lng nhiet lng QN cua dong lanh nhan c
cua dong nong lam gia tr e tnh toan K l do nhiet lng
cua dong lanh nhan c t dong nong t mat mat hn
nhiet lng dong nong cung cap nen se giam c sai so.
6.6. Tnh chuan so Re:

Re

w.l

Trong o:
w : Van toc dong, m/s
: o nht ong hoc cua lu chat, m2/s
l : Kch thc hnh hoc ac trng, m.
6.7. Tnh he so cap nhiet 1, 2:
He so cap nhiet c tnh thong qua cong thc:
Nu.

l
: he so dan nhiet cua lu chat, W/m.K
l: kch thc hnh hoc ac trng, m

Trang 21

Th nghiem Qua trnh Thiet b

Truyen nhiet ong long ong

He so Nu c tnh theo cac cong thc khac nhau, tuy theo che
o chay (a c trnh bay phan c s ly thuyet):
Phng thc chay ngang ong (dong lanh trong ong kieu B):
Theo ket qua tnh toan chuan so Re, Re cua dong lanh trong
ong B nam trong khoang gia tr 103 Re< 2.105 nen se s dung
cong thc sau:
0 , 25

Pr

Nu 0,25. Re . Pr
Prv
Che o chay doc theo than ong (dong lanh trong ong
kieu C va toan bo dong nong trong ca hai kieu ong). Theo ket
qua tnh toan chuan so Re cho dong lanh trong ong C va toan
bo dong nong hai kieu ong, Re nam trong khoang gia tr Re
> 104 nen s dung cong thc sau:
0, 6

Nu 0,021. Re

0 ,8

0 , 38

. Pr

0 , 43

Pr

Prv

0, 25

T cac ket qua tnh chuan so Nu co c, tra nc ta se tnh

c he so cap nhiet cho tng dong oi vi tng kieu
ong.
Chuan so Pr c tra theo nhiet o trung bnh cua dong nong
va dong lanh, chuan so Pr vach c tra theo nhiet o trung
bnh cua vach kim loai. Nhiet o trung bnh cua vach kim loai
bang nhiet o trung bnh cua dong lanh va dong nong.
6.8. Tnh he so truyen nhiet dai ly thuyet K1*:
He so truyen nhiet dai ly thuyet oi vi tng loai ong c
tnh theo cong thc sau:
K*

d ng

r
1
1
1

ln

b
1 d tr 2 d tr 2 d ng d b

dng, dtr: ng knh ngoai va trong cua ong truyen

nhiet, m.
: he so dan nhiet cua ong, W/mK.
rb: nhiet tr cua lp cau.
db: ng knh lp cau, m.
T cac gia tr cua tng che o chay cua tng loai ong
tren, lay = 384W/m.K cho
ong truyen nhiet lam bang ong o, ta tnh c cac gia tr K*
tng ng.
7.

TAI LIEU THAM KHAO :

[1]. Tap the CBGD Bo mon May Thiet b, Th nghiem Qua trnh
Thiet b, H Bach khoa TP.HCM, 2003.

Trang 22

Th nghiem Qua trnh Thiet b

Truyen nhiet ong long ong

[2]. Pham Van Bon Vu Ba Minh Hoang Minh Nam, V du va bai

tap tap 10, H Bach khoa TP.HCM.
[3]. Nguyen Bin va cac cong s, So tay Qua trnh va thiet b
cong nghe hoa chat tap 1, NXB Khoa hoc Ky thuat.
[4]. Bang tra cu Qua trnh c hoc truyen nhiet-truyen khoi, H
Bach khoa TP.HCM, 2004.

Trang 23