12 Tamil Poet

Tsd Lpj \
Nu] UYhPm
12Bm Yl
]-P Tt H
UpXl Tm
UQYoLdL] Rl
2013-2014
Rr, BeXm
1
Created with Print2PDF. To remove this line, buy a license at: http://www.software602.com/
Rr
Rp Rs
nra;As; - rpWtpdh - njhFg;G

1.
flTs; tho;jj
; hf mike;j ghly; ,lk; ngw;Ws;s E}Yk; fsKk; ahit?
flTs; tho;jj
; hf mike;j ghly;; ,lk; ngw;Ws;s E}y;: fk;guhkhzk; MFk;.
fsk; :
Aj;j fhz;lk; MFk;
2.
fk;ghpd; ngUikiar; Rl;Lk; njhlh;fisf; $Wf.

ftpr;rf;futh;jj
; p fy;tpapy; nghpatd; fk;gd; fk;gd; tPlL
; f; fl;Lj;jwpAk; ftpghLk; tpUj;jnkd;Dk; xz;ghtpy;
cah; fk;gd; vd;gd fk;ghpd; ngUikiar; Rl;Lk; njhlh;fs; MFk;.
3.
fk;gh; ,aw;wpa NtW E}y;fs; ahit?

rlNfhgue;jhjp> VnuOgJ> rpiynaOgJ> jpUf;if tof;fk;> ruRtjp me;jhjp vd;gd fk;gh; ,aw;wpa NtW
E}y;fshFk;.
4.
jkpourp FwtQ;rpapy; ghl;Lilj; jiytDk; jiytpAk; ahth;?

jkpourp FwtQ;rpapd; ghl;Lilj; jiytd; Rthkpkiyapy; Nfhtpy; nfhz;Ls;s KUfg;ngUkhd; Mthh;.
ghl;Lilj; jiytp jkpod;idahfpa jkpourp Mthh;.
5.
jkpourp FwtQ;rp ahh; Ntz;LNfhSf;F ,zq;f ,aw;wg; ngw;wJ?

jkpourp FwtQ;rp jkpoNts; ckhkNfRtudhhpd; Ntz;LNfhSf;F ,zq;f ,aw;wg;ngw;wJ.
6.
ehk; thbajw;Ff; fhuzk; vd;d?

,e;jpauhfpa ehk; thbajw;Ff; fhuzk; ek;Kila tho;T kyu te;jtUk; NghdtUk; cjtkhl;lhh;fs; vd;W ek;gpf;
nfhz;L ,Ue;jNj MFk;.
7.
jkpourp FwtQ;rpapd; muq;Nfw;wk; gw;wpf; $Wf.

GytNuW m. tuj eQ;irag; gps;is mth;fs; jhk; ,aw;wpa jkpourp FwtQ;rp vd;Dk; E}iyf; fue;ijj; jkpo;r;
rq;fj;jpd; nts;sp tpohtpd; NghJ> Qhdpahh; mbfs; jiyikapy; muq;Nfw;wpdhh;.
8.
ehkf;fy; ftpQiu khepy muRk;, eLtzuRk; vt;thW ngUikg;gLj;jpd?

ehkf;fy; ftpQiu khepy muR muritf; ftpQh; Mf;fpAk; gpd;dh; jkpofr; rl;l Nkyit cWg;gpduhfTk;
epakpj;Jr; rpwg;gpj;jJ eLtzuR> mtUf;Fg; gj;kG+\z; tpUjspj;Jg; ngUikg;gLj;jpaJ.
9.
ehkf;fy; ftpQh; rpiw nry;yf; fhuzk; vd;d?

tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;l tPuuhd ehkf;fy; ftpQh;> cg;Gr; rj;jpahf;fpufj;jpy; gq;F ngw;wf; fhuzj;jhy; rpiwj; jz;lid
mile;jhh;.
10.
ehNlWk; vjidg; ghLjy; Ntz;Lk;?

,e;jpah; xt;nthUtUk; ehs;NjhWk; ,J ,e;jpa ehL ,J vdf;Nf chpikahd ehlhFk; vd;W Nghw;wpg;
ghLjy; Ntz;Lk;.
11.
ehk; J}q;fpf; fple;jjhy; epfo;ej

; J vd;d?
,e;jpauhfpa ehk; J}q;fpf; fple;jjhy;> ,e;jpa ehl;Lf;F chpik ,y;yhj me;epah; te;J ek;ik mbikg;gLj;jp Ms
Neh;ej
; J.
12.
,j;jpdk; Kjy; ehk; vt;ntz;zj;ijf; nfhs;sy; Ntz;Lk;?

,j;jpdk; Kjy; ,e;jpah; xt;nthUtUk; ,e;jpa ehL vdf;F chpikahd ehL vd;Dk; vz;zj;ijf; nfhs;sy;
Ntz;Lk;.
13.
vl;Lj; njhif E}y;fs; ahit?

mfg;nghUs; E}y;fs;
Gwg;nghUs; E}y;fs;
1. ew;wpiz
2. FWe;njhif
6. gjpw;Wg;gj;J
3. Iq;FE}W
7. GwehD}W
4. fypj;njhif
5. mfehD}W
14.
mfk; Gwk;
8. ghpghly;
GwehD}w;why; mwpag;gLk; nra;jpfs; ahit?

KbAil %Nte;jh;fs;> rpw;wurh;fs;> mikr;rh;fs;> Nridj; jiyth;fs;> tPuh;fs;> filnaO ts;sy;fs; filr;rq;fg;
Gyth;fs; vd gyUila tuyhw;Wf; Fwpg;GfisAk; mf;fhy kf;fspd; tho;fi
; f Kiw Kjypatw;iwAk; GwehD}w;why;
ed;F mwpayhk;.
15.
nghJtpay; jpizia tpsf;Ff.

ntl;rp Kjy; ghlhz; ,Wjpahfj; njhy;fhg;gpadhh; $Wk; Gwj; jpizfSs; $wg;glhj nra;jpfisAk;>
mj;jpizfSf;Fg; nghJthd nra;jpfisAk; $WtJ nghJtpay; jpizahFk;.
16.
nghUz;nkhopf; fhQ;rp vd;Dk; Jiwia tpsf;Ff.

KdptUk; mtiug; Nghd;wtUk; ,k;ik kWikfspy; capUf;F cWjpiaj; jUtJ ,d;dJ vd;W jhk; njsptha;
mwpe;j nghUisr; nrhy;tJ nghUz; nkhopf;fhQ;rp vd;Dk; JiwahFk;.
17.
ntsthypd; Njhw;wj;ijf; $Wf.

<uk; nghUe;jpa Njhiy vz;nzapNy Njha;jj
; J Nghy fUikahd rpwFfisf; nfhz;lJ> ntsthy;.
18.
mfehD}W vj;jid gFjpfshf cs;sJ? vOJf.

mfehD}W %d;W gFjpfshf cs;sJ.
thpir vz;
gphpTfs;
ghly;fspd; vz;zpf;if
1.
fspw;wpahid epiu
120 ghly;fs;
2.
kzpkpil gtsk;
180 ghly;fs;
3.
epj;jpyf; Nfhit
100 ghly;fs;
nkhj;jk;
400 ghly;fs;
19.
mfehD}w;Wg; ghly;fspd; jpiz mikg;G Kiwia tpsf;Ff.

thpir vz;
vz; mikg;G
jpiz mikg;G Kiw
1.
1> 3> 5 vd tUgit
ghiyj;jpizg; ghly;fs;
2.
2> 8 vd tUgit
FwpQ;rpj;jpizg; ghly;fs;
3.
4>14 vd tUgit
Ky;iyj;jpiz ghly;fs;
4.
6> 16 vd tUgit
kUjj; jpizg; ghly;fs;
5.
10>20 vd tUgit
nea;jy; jpizg; ghly;fs;
20.
,ul;ilf; fhg;gpaq;fs; ahit?

rpyg;gjpfhuKk; kzpNkfiyAk; ,ul;ilf;fhg;gpaq;fs; MFk;.
21.
rpyg;gjpfhuk; -ngah;fhuzk; jUf.

rpyg;gjpfhuk; - rpyk;G + mjpfhuk; fz;zfpapd; fhw;rpyk;G fhuzkhf tsh;ej
; fijahjyhy; rpyg;gjpfhuk;
vd;W ngah; #l;lg;gl;lJ.
22.
rpyg;gjpfhuk; - E}y; mikg;ig vOJf.

rpyg;gjpfhuk; %d;W fhz;lq;fisAk; Kg;gJ fhijfisAk; nfhz;L tpsq;FfpwJ.
t. vz;
fhz;lk;
fhijfs;
1.
Gfhh; fhz;lk;
10 fhijfs;
2.
kJiuf; fhz;lk;
13 fhijfs;
3.
tQ;rpf; fhz;lk;
07 fhijfs;
rpyg;gjpfhuk;
40 fhijfs;
23.
kzkfspd; $e;jiyg; Nghy kze;jJ vJ?

kzkfspd; $e;jiyg; Nghy kze;jJ Ky;iy kyh;fNs MFk;. Ky;iy kyh;fs; nfhbapd;Nky; nkhl;L tphpe;J >
xsp nghUe;jp> kzkfspd; $e;jiyg; Nghy kzk; tPrpf; nfhz;bUe;jd.
24.
rpyg;gjpfhuk; $Wk; %d;W cz;ikfs; ahit?

1. murpay; gpioj;Njhh;fF
; mwk; $w;whFk;.
2. ciurhy; gj;jpdpia cah;eN
; jhh; Vj;Jth;
3. Co;tpid cUj;J te;J Cl;Lk; vd;gd rpyk;G czh;jJ
; k; %d;W cz;ikfs;MFk;.
25.
rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpw;F ciunaOjpa ngUkf;fs; ahth;?

1. mUk;gj ciufhuh; - E}y; KOikf;Fk;mUk;gjq;fSf;F kl;Lk; ciu vOjpath;
2. mbahh;fF
; ey;yhh; - tpsf;fkhf ciu vOjpath; 3. e.K. Ntq;flrhkp ehl;lhh; - E}y; KOikf;Fk; ciu vOjpath;
26.
Re;jufhz;lk; vd;W ngah; tuf; fhuzk; ahJ?

mDkDf;Fr; Re;jud; vd;Dk; ngaUk; cz;L. mDkdpd; jiyik gz;Gfs; tPW ngw;W tpsq;Ftjhy; ,f;fhz;lk;
Re;jufhz;lk; vd ngah; ngw;wJ.
27.
mDkd; ,uhkid va;jpaJk; nra;j nray; ahH?

mDkd; ,uhkid va;jpaJk; mtDila tPuf;foy; mzpe;j jpUtbfis tzq;ftpy;iy. G+kpapy; gpwe;j
jpUkfshfpa rPjhNjtp ,Ue;j jpiria Nehf;fpj; jiy jho;j;jp> if$g;gp> jiuapy; tpOe;J> gzpthfg; Nghw;wp
tzq;fpdhd;.
28.
,uhkd; Fwpg;ghy; czh;ej

; it ahit?
rPij eyKld; ,Uf;fpwhs;. mDkd; rPijiaf; fz;lJ cz;ik rPij> fw;G epiy jtwhJ ,Uf;fpwhs; vd;gd
mDkdpd; Kff; Fwpg;ghy; ,uhkd; czh;ej
; it MFk;.
29.
fz;lndd; vd;W mDkd; $wpait ahit?

Njtu;fSf;Fj; jiytNu! ahd; ,yq;if vd;Dk; efhpy;> fw;gpDf;F mzpfykha; tpsq;Ffpd;w rPjhg; gpuhl;bia
vd; fz;fshy; fz;L te;Njd;. Mjyhy;> mtuJ fw;gpidg; gw;wpa Iaj;ijAk; Jauj;ijAk; ePfF
; tPuhf vd;W mDkd;
,uhkgpuhdplk; $wpdhd;.
30.
caph; je;J <Ak; kUe;njhj;jJ vd;W mDkd; Fwpg;gpl;ljd; nghUs; ahJ?

,uhkidg; gphpe;j JahpdhYk; ,uhtzdJ nfhLikahYk; ,dp xUNghJk; ,uhkidf; fhzNt KbahJ vd;W
vz;zpa rPij jd; capiutplj; Jzpe;jhs;. me;j epiyapy; mDkd; je;j ,uhkdpd; fizahop> rPijf;F ,Wjpf;
fhyj;jpy; caph;fhf;Fk; rQ;rt
P p kUe;J Nghd;W tpsq;fpaJ. vdNt> caph;je;J <Ak; kUe;njhj;jJ vd;W Fwpg;gpl;lhd;.
31.
Mj;jhf; fpotp ahh;?

Mj;jhf; fpotp vd;gts; 1. murp fz;Zf;fpdpahspd; Njhop> 2. jpUl;Lj; njhopy; nra;Ak; tPug;gdpd; kidtp
3. Ntyidg; ngw;wjha;> 4. murd; kfs; md;dj;jpd; nrtpypj; jha; Mths;.
32.
fjph;ehl;L murd; murpahh; ngah;fis vOJf.

fjph; ehl;L murd; ngah; - fjpiu Ntyd; . fjph; ehl;Lmuprp ngah; - fz;Zf;fpdpahs;
33.
jkpof muR ghujpjhridg; Nghw;wpAs;sik ahq;qdk;?

jkpof muR ghujpjhridg; Nghw;Wk; tifapy;> 1. jpUr;rpapy; ghujpjhrd; ngauhy; gy;fiyf; fofk; xd;iw
epWtpAs;sJ. 2. mth; jk; ftpij> ciu eil E}y;fis ehl;L cilikahf;fpr; rpwg;gpj;Js;sJ.
34.
md;dk; Ntyidg; gw;wp tpdhtpaJ ahJ?

md;dk; Mj;jhf;fpotpaplk;> Ntyidr; Rl;bf; fhl;b ,th; ahh;? vd;W Nfl;lhs;. Mj;jhf; fpotp vd; kfd;
vd;W nrhd;dhs;. gpwF mts;> Nto ehl;lhh; vd;idr; rpiwg;gpbf;f tUk; NghJ mtu;fisj; jLj;J vd; capiuAk;
khdj;ijAk; fhj;jth; ,th; jhNkh? vd;W Nfl;lhs;.
35.
Njk;ghtzp - nghUs; $Wf.

Njk;ghtzp - Njk;;gh + mzp thlhj khiy vd;Wk; Njd; + gh +mzp - Njd; Nghd;w ghf;fis mzpahf
cilaJ vd;Wk; nghUs; gLk;.
36.
fpwpj;Jt rkaj;jhhpd; fiyf; fsQ;rpak; vd;W Nghw;wg; ngWk; E}y; vJ?

fpwj;Jt rkaj;jhupd; fiyf;fsQ;rpak; vd;W Nghw;wg;ngWk; E}y; Njk;ghtzp MFk;.
37.
Njk;ghtzp vj;jid fhz;lq;fis cilaJ?

Njk;ghtzp %d;W fhz;lq;fis cilaJ
38.
Njk;ghtzp E}ypd; ghl;Lilj; jiyth; ahh;?

Njk; g htzp E}ypd; ghl; L ilj; jiyth; >
#ir khKdpth;> Mthh;.
,NaR
ngUkhdpd;
tsh; g ; G j;
je; i jahfpa
39.
tPukhKdpth; ,aw;ngah; ahJ?

tPukhKdpthpd; ,aw;ngah; nfhd;]l
; hd; N[hrg; ng];fp MFk;.
40.
tsd; vd;w nrhy;ypd; nghUis tpsf;Ff.

tsd; vd;w nrhy;ypd; nghUs; tsq;fis tsur; nra;gtd; ; vd;gjhFk;.
41.
ANjah ehl;by; gifnfhz;L epd;w ,dj;jhh; ahth;?

A+Njah ehl;by; gif nfhz;L epd;w ,dj;jhh;> kiy ehLfspy; tho;ej
; gpypj;ijah; Mth.;
42.
cyh vd;gjd; nghUis tpsf;Ff.

cyh vd;gjw;Fg; gtdp tuy; ; vd;gJ nghUs; MFk;.
43.
Kf;$lypy; $Lk; MWfs; ahit?

Kf;$lypy; $Lk; MWfs; 1. jz;nghUieahW 2. rpw;whW 3. Nfhjz;l uhk MW MfpadthFk;.
44.
fyk;gfk; -ngah;ff
; huzk; jUf.
fyk;gfk;- fyk;+ gfk; fyk; - gd;dpuz;L (12) gfk; - mjpy; ghjp MW (6) gjpndl;L cWg;Gfs; mikag;
ghlg;gLtjhy; fyk;gfk; vdg; ngah; ngw;wJ.

45.
Njthu %th; ahth;?

1. mg;gh;
2. Re;juh;
3. rk;ge;jh; MfpNahh; Njthu %th; Mth;.
46.
Re;juh; Njthuk; ve;j jpUKiwapy; itf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ?

Re;juh; Njthuk;> gd;dpU jpUKiwapy; Vohk; jpUKiwahf itf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
47.
Re;juu; vOjpa kw;nwhU E}y; vJ?

Re;juh; vOjpa kw;nwhU E}y; jpUj;njhz;lj; njhif vd;gjhFk;.
48.
ePyNfrpapd; NtW ngah; ahJ?

ePyNfrpj;jpul;L vd;gjhFk;.
49.
fpwpj;Jtf; fk;gh; vd;W miof;fg;gLgth; ahh;? vr;. V. fpU\;zg;gps;is Mthh;.
50.
Re;juh; jk;gpuhd; Njhoh; vd;W miof;fg;glf; fhuzk; ahJ?

rptngUkhd; Re;juiu jk; Njhouha;f; nfhz;lhh;. mjdhy; Re;juh; jk;gpuhd; Njhoh; vd;W miof;fg;gl;lhh;.
xU kjpg;ngz; njhFg;G
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
fk;gh; fhyj;jpy; tho;ej

; Gyth;fSs; xUth; xl;lf; $j;jh;.
xd;Nw nad;dpd; vd;Dk; flTs;tho;jJ
; g; ghly; mike;Js;s fhz;lk; Aj;j fhz;lk;.
jkpourpf; FwtQ;rpapd; ghl;Lilj; jiytd; KUfd;.
Gwk;> Gwg;ghl;L vd toq;fg; ngWtJ GwehD}W MFk;.
GwehD}w;wpd; jpizfs; gjpndhd;W.
GwehD}w;wpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s Jiwfs; 65 (mWgj;ije;J)
jkpohpd; tho;tpay; rpe;jidfisf; fUt+ykhff; nfhz;L tpsq;Fk; E}y; GwehD}W.
rq;f E}y;fs; goe;jkpo; ,yf;fzk; Mfpa njhy;fhg;gpaj;Jf;F ,yf;fpaq;fsha;j; jpfo;fpd;wd.
GwehD}w;Wg; flTs; tho;jJ
; g; ghliyg; ghujk; ghba ngUe;Njtdhh; ghbAs;shh;.
GwehD}w;Wg; ghly;fs; rpytw;iw ntsp ehl;lwpQh; [p.A. Nghg; mth;fs; Mq;fpyj;jpy; nkhop ngah;jJ
; s;shh;.
vl;Lj; njhif E}y;fSs;xd;W ghpghly;.
mfehD}W kzpkpil gtsj;jpy; cs;s ghly;fspd; vz;zpf;if 180.
mfehD}w;Wg; ghf;fspd; mbtiuaiw13 mbKjy; 31 mbtiu
ew;wpiziaj; njhFg;gpj;jtd; gd;dhL je;j ghz;bad; khw tOjp.
ew;wpizg; ghf;fspd; mbtiuaiw 9 mbKjy;12mbtiu.
fgpyh; ghz;ba ehl;bYs;s jpUthjT+upy; gpwe;jhh;.
fgpyh; ghhp kd;ddpd; mitfsg; Gytuhf tpsq;fpdhh;.
fgpyhpd; ghl;Lj; jpwDf;F fgpyuJ ghl;L vd;Dk; njhlNu rhd;whFk;.
fgpyh; FwpQ;rpj; jpizg; ghly;fs; ghLtjpy; ty;yth;.
fgpyiu tha;nkhopf; fgpyh; vd;W Nghw;wpath; ef;fuP h; Mthh;.
FWe;njhiff;Ff; flTs; tho;jJ
; g; ghbath; ngUe;Njtdhh;.
Iq;FW E}w;iwj; njhFj;jth; Gyj;Jiw Kw;wpa $lY}h; fpohh;.
Iq;FW E}w;iwj; njhFg;gpj;jth; Nrukd;dd; ahidf; fl;Nra; khe;juQ; NruypUk; nghiw Mthh;.
Fwl;gh vd;gJ <ub ntz;gh.
mwj;Jg;ghypy; cs;s mjpfhuq;fs; 38.
jpUf;Fwspy; mike;Js;s ,ay;fs; 9 .
nghUl;ghypd; ,ay;fs; murpay;> mq;ftpay;> xopgpay;.
jpUf;Fwspd; ngUikia czh;jJ
; tJ jpUts;Stkhiy.
nfhz;lhlg;ngWk; jpUts;Stuhz;bd; gb mth; tho;ej
; fhyk; fp.K. 31
ts;Stidg; ngw;wjhw; ngw;wNj Gfo; itafNk vdg; ghbath; ghujpjhrd;
rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpYs;s fhz;lq;fs; %d;W .
rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpd; cl;gphpT fhij .
thp vd;gJ ,irg;ghly;.
rpyg;gjpfhu ciuahrphpaUs; xUth; mUk;gjTiufhuh;.
rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpw;F toq;Fk; rpwg;Gg; ngah;fspy; xd;W ciuapilapl;l.
jhk; ,aw;wpa ,uhk fhijf;Ff; fk;gh; ,l;l ngah; ,uhkhtjhuk;
fk;gehlfj;jpd; ahg;G tz;zq;fSf;Ff; $wg;gLk; fzf;fL
P njhz;Z}w;whW.
fk;guhkhzaj;jpYs;s fhz;lq;fs; 6 .
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
cj;ju fhz;lj;ijg; ghbath; xl;lf; $j;jh; .

Re;jud; vd;Dk; ngauhy; ,uhkhazj;jpy; toq;fg;gLgth; mDkd; .
rpwpa jpUtb vd;wiof;fg;gLgth; mDkd;.
jdia vd;w nrhy;ypd; nghUs; kfs;.
,uhkd; nfhLj;jjhf rPijaplk; mDkd; fhl;baJ fizahop.
rPjhg;gpuhl;b jd;id kPlL
; r; nry;y tpjpj;j fhyk; xU jpq;fs;.
Re;jufhz;lk; ,uhkhazj;jpy; Ie;jhq; fhz;lk; MFk; .
tPukhKdpthpd; jha;ehL ,j;jhyp .
nfhd;]l
; hd; vd;DQ; nrhy;Yf;Fg; nghUs; mQ;rhjtd; .
njhFj;j mfuhjp rJufuhjp.
jpUf;Fwspd; mwj;Jg;ghy;> nghUl;ghy; Mfpatw;iw tPukhKdptu; nkhop ngah;jJ
; j; je;jJ ,yj;jd
P ; nkhopapy;
Njk;ghtzp E}ypd; ghl;Lilj; jiyth; #ir khKdpth;
ftpr;rf;uth;jj
; p> ftp uhl;rfd; vd;nwy;yhk; Gfog;gLgth; xl;lf;$j;jh;
jpt;tpaftp vd;w ngauhy; miof;fg;gLgth; gps;isg; ngUkhs; Iaq;fhh;.
jkpopy; Kjypy; Njhd;wpa fyk;gfk; ee;jpf; fyk;gfk;.
gjpndl;L cWg;Gfshy; ghlg;gLk; rpw;wpyf;fpak; fyk;gfk;.
Gyd; vd;Dk; ,yf;fpatif gs;S.
gpuge;jk;> vd;Dk; tlnrhy; czh;jJ
; k; nghUs; ed;F fl;lg;gl;lJ.
Kf;$lw;gs;S gh tif rpe;Jg;gh.
ghujpjhrdpd; ,aw;ngah; fdf Rg;Guj;jpdk; .
rhfpj;jpa mfhnjkpg; ghpR ngw;w E}y; gprpuhe;ijahh;.
ghujpjhrd; ntspapl;l ,jo; Fapy;.
tho;tpdpw; nrk;ikiar; nra;git ePNa vd;w tho;ji
; jj; jk; tho;jj
; hf Vw;Wf; nfhz;Ls;s muR GJit muR.
tlnkhopapy; ghujk; ghbath; tpahrh;.
ghQ;rhyp rgjj;jpYs;s rUf;fq;fspd; vz;zpf;if 5 (Ie;J).
ekf;F njhopy; ftpij> ehl;bw;F cioj;jy; vd;W ghbath; ghujpahh;.
,Ugjhk; E}w;whz;bd; ,yf;fpa kWkyh;rr
; pf;F tpj;jpl;lth; ghujpahh;.
nre;jkpioj; nrOe;jkpohff; fhz tpUk;gpath; ghujpjhrd;.
gpnuQ;Rf; FbauRj; jiythplk; nrthypa tpUJ ngw;wth; thzpjhrd;.
ftpQNuW> ghtyh; kzp Kjypa gl;lq;fisg; ngw;wth; thzpjhrd;.
Rujh E}y;fSs; jkpo; tsh;rr
; pj; Jiwapd; ghprpidg; ngw;w E}y; Njd; kio.
jkpo;g; gy;fiyf; fofj;jpd; jkpo; md;id tpUJ ngw;wth; mg;Jy; uFkhd;.
ctikf; ftpQh; vdg; ghuhl;lg; ngw;wth; Rujh.
fpwpj;Jtf; fk;gh; vd;W miof;fg;gl;lth; vr;.V. fpU\;zg;gps;is.
rpd;dr; rPwh vd;w E}iy vOjpath; gD mfkJ kiuf;fhah;.
Re;juh; Njthuk; Vohk; jpUKiw.
jpt;tpag; gpuge;jj;jpw;F ciu toq;fpath; nghpathr;rhd; gps;is.
mwj;Jg;ghypd; ,ay;fs; ghaputpay;> ,y;ywtpay;> Jwtwtpay;> Copay;.
fhkj;Jg;ghy; fstpay;> fw;gpay;> 25.
mfehD}w;Wf;F toq;Fk; NtW ngah; neLe;njhif (ngUe;njhif).
NjdpNy Cwpa nre;jkpopd; - Rit NjWk; rpyg;gjpfhuk; vd;W ghuhl;bath; ftpkzp Njrpf tpehafk; gps;is.
ef;fz;izahh; kze;J nfhs;s tpUk;gpa murh; Nghuitf; Nfhg;ngUq;fps;sp.
1.
ftpQh;
1. fk;gh;
2. tuj eQ;irag;gps;is
3. nt.,uhkypq;fdhh;
Mrphpah;
1. fk;gh;
2. tujeQ;ira gps;is
3. ,uhkypq;fdhh;
2.
nghUj;Jf & nkhopg;gapw;rp

Ch;
jpUtOe;J}h;
Njhukq;fyk;
NkhfD}h;
E}y;
,uhkhazk;
jkpourp FwtQ;rp
ehkf;fy; ftpQh; ghly;fs;
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
nrhy;
1. mbtho;jJ
; tk;
2. jpUe;J nkhop
3. thopa thopa
4. tho;jJ
; tk;
,yf;fzf; Fwpg;G
,uz;lhk; Ntw;Wikj; njhif
tpidj; njhif
mLf;Fj; njhlh;
jd;ikg; gd;ik tpidKw;W
jpiz
1. FwpQ;rp
2. Ky;iy
3. kUjk;
4. nea;jy;
5. ghiy
epyk;
kiyAk; kiyr; rhh;ej
; ,lKk;
fhLk; fhL rhh;ej
; ,lKk;
taYk; tay; rhh;ej
; ,lKk;
flYk; fly; rhh;ej
; ,lKk;
RuKk; RuQ; rhh;ej
; ,lKk;
jpiz
1. FwpQ;rp
2. Ky;iy
3. kUjk;
4. nea;jy;
5. ghiy
ghbNahh;
fgpyh;
Ngadhh;
Xuk; Nghfpahh;
mk;%tdhh;
Xjyhe;ijahh;
nrhy;
1. Ks;spiy
2. xOFePh;
3. ed;khd;
4. mQ;rpNyhjpia tu
,yf;f zf; F wpg; G

,uz;lhk; Ntw;Wik cUGk;gaDk; cld;njhf;f njhif
tpidj;njhif
gz;Gj; njhif
md;nkhopj; njhif
nrhy;
1. jpiz
2. gid
3. rhy;G
4. Jg;G
1. klthh;
2. Xuhy;
3. nghd;Wk;
4. tpUe;J
1. nrWthh;
2. xl;gk;
3. ca;gg
; J
4. Ngijik
1. xy;fhik
2. tpOkk;
3. jpz;zpah;
4. tPW
Gyth;
1. ,sq;Nfhtbfs;
2. jpUj;jf;f Njth;
3. ehjFj;jdhh;
4. rPjj
; iyr; rhj;jdhu;
E}y;
1. ,uhruhrNrhoDyh
2. jpUNtq;lj;je;jhjp
3. kJiuf;fyk;gfk;
4. Kf;$lw;gs;S
1. Fapy;ghl;L
2. mofpd; rphpg;G
3. JiwKfk;
4. ghy;tj
P p
nghUs;
kpfr;rpwpa msT
xU NgusT
epiw gz;G
gw;Wf;NfhLfs;
mwptpypfs;
ePfF
; jy;
mopAk;
Gjpajha; te;jth;
gifth;
mwpTilik
nrYj;JtJ
mwpT ,d;ik
jsuhik
Jd;gk;
typah;
rpwg;G
,aw; w paE}y;
rpyg;gjpfhuk;
rPtf rpe;jhkzp
Fz;lyNfrp
kzpNkfiy
Mrphpah;
xl;lf;$j;jh;
gps;isg; ngUkhs; Iaq;fhh;
FkuFUgh;
Mrphpah; ngah; njhpatpy;iy
ghujpahh;
ghujpjhrd;
Rujh
mg;Jy; uFkhd;
10
1 0 . ghly;
1. Gj;jfrhiy
2. jPfF
; r;rpfs;
3. rpf;fdk;
4. fhL
ftpQh;
ghujpjhrd;
mg;Jy; uFkhd;
Rujh
thzpjhrd;
1 1 . nrhy;
1. Rtb
2. nta;Nahd;
3. nrl;L
4. rpe;ij
1. Njthuk;
2. rPwhg;Guhzk;
3. ,ul;rzpa ahj;jphpfk;
nghUs;
E}y;
fjputd;
rpf;fdk;
cs;sk;
Re;juu;
ckWg;Gyth;
fpU\;zg;gps;is
1 3 . E}y;
1. kzpNkfiy
2. ePyNfrp
3. ,ul;rzpa ahj;jphpfk;
4. rPwhg;Guhzk;
rkak;
ngsj;jk;
rkzk;
fpwpj;jtk;
,Ryhk;
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
ty;ypd nka;fis ePf;fp vOJ.

khjtpg; vd;wg; Gyth; kzpNkfiyj; JwT vd;Nwg;
Ngijah;r; gj;jh; r
; ; vd;whh;f; vd;Wr; rQ;rt
P pgh;tj;r; rhuy;
ghQ;rhypf; fz;zhf; vd;Wf;
tho;fj; jkpo; mtdhr; mwpe;Jr;
ePNuhr; vJf; cz;Lr; nry;Ntd;
tsh;gg
; piw RLr;NrhW fha;ff
; wp
NrhWf; nfhjpf;fpwJ Nghj;jk;gp nrd;Wg; ghh;jj
; hd;
vd;NdhLg; Nghe;j
tpbf;fhiy
ntz;zpyhf; fyfyntd;Wr;
FGf;FG ntd;Wg;
Jwtpf;FbYf;Fs; te;jr; rpWth; ,uz;Lg;Ngh;
nry;tr; rpWkPhf
; hs; ePuhlg;
nte;jar; nrbfspd; jq;fg; G+f;fs;
nfhj;jpj; jphpAk; me;jf; Nfhop
fpl;lg; Nghdhy; Kl;lg; gif
rhiug; ghk;G FUtpf;> $l;by;
nrg;Gj; jpUNkdpfs; nra;jspg;gijj; jk; flik vdf; fUjpdh;.
rPjj
; iyr;> rhj;jd;
Ntl;Ltg; ngz;fs; tpisahlg;
elj;jhg;> ghlk; ve;jf;> Nfs;tpAk;
gapyhg; gFjp vOjj; njhpa
vOjpg; gof> vdf;Fr; nrhd;dhh;
me;jr; rpWtd; ve;jg; gs;spapy; gbj;Jr; rpwe;jhd;.
Xlf; fhz;gJ -xLq;ff; fhz;gJ
gz; G j; n jhif
(ik vd;Dk; gz;G tpFjpAk; Mfpa Md vd;Dk; gz;G cUGfSk; kiwe;J tUk;)
$h;kg
; il
MUaph;
mUe;Jah;
ey;Yiu
neLe;Njh;
NghpQ;rp
KJkuk;
NguwpT
gRq;fhy
fLe;jpwy;
gr;#d;
ngUq;fspW
ige;epzk;
ngUq;fspW
ntQ;rpdk;
ntQ;Rlh;
11
jz;Fil
fUKfpy;
fLk;gif
neLe;jif
fUq;fhf;if
nrq;Nfhy;
Nghpb
Nrtb
ngUe;jtk;
nre;jkpo;
ntz;japh;
nre;ney;
nrOk;nghd;
tpidj;njhif (fhyk; fue;j nganur;rk;)

jpUe;Jnkhop
<h;tis
jpiufTs;
Kjph; kuk;
cah;rpid
cah; kuk;
xOFePh;
nghq;Fjhkiu
Gidfyk;
epiwkjp
miyfly;
mfy; Kfpy;
glh; Kfpy;
tphpefh;
Rlh; xsp
cah; vz;zk;
fspelk;
nra;Fd;W
jho;gpwg;G
ciw Ntq;flk;
mLf;Fj; njhlh; (,uz;L> %d;W> ehd;F Kiw mLf;fp tUk; :
gphpj;jhy; nghUs; jUk;)
jpde;jpdk;
,dpjpdpJ
thopa thopa
RikRik
ahh; ahh;
Gil Gil
tpf;fp tpf;fp
miwe;jiwe;J
Jiw Jiwaha;
chpr;nrhy; njhlh; / chpr;nrhw;nwhlh; (rhy> cW>jt> edp> $h;> fop> fb> jl>
kh> it> tpO Mfpa nrhw;fs; Kjypy; tUk;)
fbkfs;
iths;
khQhyk;
itNty;
khkiy
jle;Njhs;
khkzp
khkJiu
khtyp
khkjp
<Wnfl;l vjph;kiwg; nganur;rk;
(M vd;w Xir ,Wjpapy; tUk;)
,d;dhr; nrhy;
mopf;fyhfh
vw;wh
fJtplh
mtpah kjptpsf;F
jkpopypyhg; gpwnkhop E}y;
xU nghUl; g d; n khop
Xq;fpAah;> nrhw;gjk; ty;tpiue;J
vz;Zk;ik (ck; vd;w nrhy; ntspg;gl;L tUk;. vz;zpf;iffs; Nghy; mikAk;)
itafKk; thdfKk;
kyh;jYk; $k;gYk;
je;ijf;Fk; jha;fF
; k;
NgNuhLk; GfNohLk;
thapYk; khspifAk;
fq;ifAk; rpe;JTk;
tpz;zpYk; kz;zpYk;
khlKk; Mluq;Fk;
12
<rDk; NghjDk;
ctikj; njhif
(,U nrhw;fSf;fpilNa Nghy> Nghd;w ctk cUG kiwe;J tUk;)
nghd;db> kyub> jhkiuf; fz;fs;
tpaq; N fhs; tpidKw; W
(f> ,a> ,ah;> my; ,tw;iwf; nfhz;L KbAk;)
thopa> nra;f> vs;sy;
kwtw;f
Jwtw;f
vjph;kiw tpaq;Nfhs; tpidKw;W
cUtfk; (nghUs; Kd;Dk; ctik gpd;Dk; tUk;)

fz;zhP ; nts;sk;> kjptpsf;F> grpf;fapW> ifk;kiy> nghw;fiu> jq;fj; jpkpq;fyk;> jq;fj;Njhzp
Nfhs; - Kjy; epiyj; jphpe;j njhopw;ngah;
fhis
ctikahF ngah;
mwd;
filg;Nghyp
tho;jJ
; tk;
jk;ikg; gd;ik tpidKw;W
nrhy;ypir msngil
( , vd;w vOj;J ,Wjpapy; tUk; ) xhP ,> joP ,> nryP,a> jPnjhhP,
,d; d pir msngil
(W}c> J} c -msngLf;Fk; jhq;FW}ck;> tsh;fF
; W}ck;)
,irepiwmsngil (my; y J)
nra;Aspir msngil ( , jtpu kw;w vOj;Jf;fs; msngLf;Fk;) g^ck;> flhmahid
Mwhk; Ntw;Wikj;njhif
(6 Mk; Ntw;Wik cUG mJ kiwe;J tUk;)
Gy; Edp> fad;Ks;> kdj;jpl;gk;> iftak;> nka;tak;> khy;foy;> fspw;W kUg;G> jhgjh; cs;sk;
fd;dp ghyd; vd; kfd;
ehd;fhk; Ntw;Wikj; njhif
gfYiw ,w;gpwg;G
Vohk; Ntw;Wikj; njhif
gjj;Jiz
Ie;jhk; Ntw;Wikj; njhif
tpidahyizAk; ngah;
(njhopy; nra;j fUj;jhitf; Fwpf;Fk;) njhpthh;> $bdh;> te;jth;> Nfl;ldh;> mQ;rpdh;> Jwe;jhh;)
,Unganuhl;Lg; gz;Gj; njhif
ifjyk;> md;Gnewp> nka;gn
; ghUs;
jUjy;
njhopw;ngah;
Kw;Wk;ik
ahUk;> vOgpwg;Gk;> ahiuAk;
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
gFgj cWg;gpyf;fzk;
thopa
tho; + ,a
tho; - gFjp> ,a- tpaq;Nfhs; tpidKw;W tpFjp
nra;f
nra; + f
nra; - gFjp> f - tpaq;Nfhs; tpidKw;W tpFjp
G+l;b
G+l;L + ,
G+l;L - gFjp> , - tpidnar;r tpFjp
va;jp
va;J + ,
Nghw;wp
Nghw;W+ ,
Ve;jp
Ve;J + ,
Nehf;fp
Nehf;F +,
Njhd;wp Njhd;W + ,
Jwj;jp
Jwj;J + ,
,iwQ;rp ,iwQ;R + ,
13
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
,iwQ;R - gFjp , - tpidnar;r gFjp

fhzPh;
fhz; + <h;
fhz; - gFjp> <h; - Vty; gd;ik tpidKw;W tpFjp
GfyPh; - Gfy;; + <h;
Gfy; - gFjp <h;- Vty; tpidKw;W tpFjp
Xk;Gkpd; - Xk;G + kpd;
Xk;G - gFjp> kpd; - Vty; gd;ik tpidKw;W tpFjp> j;> l;> w;> ,d; - ,we;jfhy ,ilepiyfs;
fpW>fpd;W> M epd;W - epfo; fhy ,ilepiyfs; g;> t;> f; - vjph;fhy ,ilepiyfs;
mirj;j -mir +j;; +j;; + m
mir - gFjp> j; - re;jp> j;- ,we;j fhy ,ilepiy m - nganur;rtpFjp
Kof;fp - Kof;f + , Kof;F - gFjp> , - tpidnar;r tpFjp
cjtpa
cjT+ ,(d;) + a;+ m
cjT - gFjp> ,d; - ,we;j fhy,ilepiy> d; nfl;lJ tpfhuk;> a; - clk;gL nka; re;jp>
m - nganur;r tpFjp
Nehf;fpa - Nehf;F +,d;+ a;+ m
Koq;fpa - Koq;F +,(d;) +a; + m
RUq;fpa - RUq;F+ ,(d;) +a;+ m
jpwe;J
- jpw +j;(e;) +j; + c
jpw - gFjp> j;- re;jp e; MdJ tpfhuk;> j; - ,we;j fhy ,ilepiy c- tpidnar;r tpFjp
xopj;J - xop +j;(e;) +j;+ c
jpwe;j - jpw+ j;(e;)+ j; + m
jpw - gFjp> j; - re;jp. e; MdJ tpfhuk; j;-,we;j fhy ,ilepiy m - nganur;r tpFjp
kze;j
- kz +j;(e;) +j;+ m
,oe;j
- ,o +j;(e;) +j;+ m
miwjy; - miw +jy;
miw- gFjp> jy; - njhopw;ngah; tpFjp
tho;jJ
; tk;+ tho;jJ
; + t;+ mk;
tho;jJ
; - gFjp > t; - vjph; fhy ,ilepiy> mk; -jd;ikg; gd;ik tpidKw;W tpFjp
Mw;whP ; - Mw;W+ M +<h;
Mw;W - gFjp> M - vjph;kiw ,ilepiy Gzh;eJ
; nfl;lJ> <h; - Kd;dpiyg; gd;ik tpidKw;W tpFjp
nga;j - nga; + j; + m
nga; - gFjp> nra;j - nra; +j;+ m j;- ,we;j fhy ,ilepiy> m- nganur;r tpFjp
jUFntd; - jh (jU)+ F+ t; +vd;
jh - gFjp> jU vdj; jphpe;jJ
F - rhhpia> t; - vjph;fhy ,ilepiy>
vd; -jd;ik xUik tpidKw;W tpFjp
<d;w - <d;+ w;+ m
<d; - gFjp> w; - ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy> m - ngaur;r tpFjp
te;jdd; - th (t)+ j; (e;)+ j; +md; +md;
th - gFjp> t vdf; FWfpaJ tpfhuk; j; - re;jp e;MdJ tpfhuk; j; - ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy>
md; - rhhpia> md; - Mz;ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp
J}w;Wk; - J}w;W +ck;
J}w;W - gFjp> ck; -nganur;r tpFjp
NjLfpwha; -NjL + fpW +Ma;
NjL - gFjp > fpd;W - epfo; fhy ,ilepiy Ma; - Kd;dpiy xUik tpidKw;W tpFjp
Gide;Njhk; - Gid+ j;(e;)+ j;+ Xk;
Gid - gFjp > j; - re;jp> e; MdJ tpfhuk; > j; - ,we;j fhy ,ilepiy
Xk; - jd;ikg; gd;ik tpidKw;W tpFjp
Nfl;l -Nfs;(l;) + l;+m
Nfs; - gFjp >s; l;MdJ tpfhuk; l; - ,we;j fhy ,ilepiy> m - nganur;r tpFjp
cw;w - cW (cw;W) +m
cW - gFjp > cw;W vd xw;W ,ul;bj;J ,we;j fhyk; fhl;baJ m- nganur;r tpFjp
itg;gh; - it +g; +g; + mh;
it - gFjp> g; - re;jp>
g; - vjph;fhy ,ilepiy> mh; - gyh; ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp
tpLthh; - tpL + t; + Mh;
tpL - gFjp> t; - vjph; fhy ,ilepiy> Mh; - gyh; ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp
14
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
fhz;gd; - fhz;+ g; + md;

fhz; - gFjp > g; - vjph;fhy ,ilepiy> md; - Mz; ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp
nfhs;th; - nfhs;+ t;+ mh;
nfhs; - gFjp> t; - vjph; fhy ,ilepiy mh; - gyh; ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp
,uq;Ftpu; - ,uq;F +t; +,h;
,uq;F - gFjp> t; - vjph;fhy ,ilepiy ,h; - Kd;dpiyg; gd;ik tpidKw;W tpFjp
ePqf
; hik - ePqF
; + M + ik
ePqF
; - gFjp> M - vjph;kiw ,ilepiy> ik- njhopw;ngah; tpFjp
nra;jy; - nra; + jy;
nra; - gFjp jy; - njhopw;ngah; tpFjp
gphpj;Jg; Gzh;r;rp tpjp vOJf:
nrhy;
ehndd;W
nrhy; gphpg;G
ehd;
+
epiynkhop
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
1.
2.
3.
1.
2.
3.
4.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
vd;W
tUnkhop
Gzh;r;rp tpjp:
cly;Nky; caph; te;J xd;WtJ ,ay;Ng vd;Dk; tpjpg;gb> epiynkhopapd; <w;W nka;Ak; (d;) tUnkhopapd; KjYk;
(v) ( d; + v -nd)vdg; Gzh;eJ
; > ehndd;W vd;whdJ.
khDio
khd; +cio (d;+ c - D)
ahUkpy;iy
ahUk;+ ,y;iy (k;+ , -kp)
ahndtd;
ahd; + vtd; (d; + v - nd)
mwdy;y
mwd; +my;y ( d; +m -d)
gfYiw
gfy; + ciw ( y;+ c-Y)
capUz;L
caph;+ cz;L ( h;+ c - U)
jkpopypyh
jkpopy; + ,yh ( y;+ , - yp)
jkpod;id
jkpo; + md;id (o;+ m- o)
thdhSk;
thd;+MSk; ( d;+ M - d)
gk;gukhfp
gk;guk; +Mfp ( k;+ M - kh)
FUFKz;L
FUFk;+ cz;L ( k;+c - K)
,th;fsplk;
,th;fs;+ ,lk; (sp)
vz;znky;yhk;
vz;zk; + vy;yhk; ( k; +v- nk)
,UsWj;jpLk;
,Us; + mWj;jpLk; ( s; + m- s)
KJkuk; - KJik +kuk;
<WNghjy; vd;Dk; tpjpg;gb > epiynkhopapd; ,WjpapYs;s (ik) tpFjp nfl;L >KJ +kuk; KJkuk; vd;whdJ.
Ks;spiy - Ks;+ ,iy Ks;s; + ,iy -Ks;spiy
jd;Daph; - jd; + caph; jd;d; + caph; - jd;Daph;
fz;Zilahh; - fz; + cilahh;> fz;z; + cilahh; - fz;Zilahh;
fUKfpy;
fUik +Kfpy;
vz;nghUs;
vz;ik +nghUs;
nrk;nghd;
nrk;ik +nghd;
G+q;nfhb
G++ nfhb
G+g;ngah; Kd; ,dnkd;ikAk; Njhd;Wk; vd;Dk; tpjpg;gb> tUnkhopapd; KjypYs;s ffuj;jpw;F (f;) ,dkhd
nky;ypdk; (q;) kpFe;J> G++ q; +nfhb - G+q;nfhb vd;whdJ.
G+Q;nrb
G++ nrb (r; - Q;)
G+Q;Nrhiy
G++ Nrhiy ( r;- Q;)
G+q;nfhbahs;
G++nfhbahs;
jpUf;Fws;
jpU+ Fws;
,ay;gpDk; tpjpapDk; epd;w caph;Kd; frjg kpFk; vd;Dk; tpjpg;gb> tUnkhopapd; Kjypy; cs;s ty;ypdk;(f;)
kpFe;J > jpU + f;+ Fws; jpUf;Fws; vd;whdJ.
tpidj;jpl;gk;
tpid +jpl;gk;
tisj; Njhsp
tis+ Njhsp
jPfF
; r;rp
jP+ Fr;rp
kjpf;Fil
kjp+ Fil
gj;jpdpg;ngz;bh; gj;jpdp+ ngz;bh;
15
7.
8.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
kiof;fz;zhP ;
kio+ fz;zhP ;
kzpf;fOj;J
kzp+ fOj;J
tpz;zpb
tpz; + ,b
jdpf;Fwpy; Kd; xw;W caph;thpd; ,ul;Lk; tpz;z+
; ,b vd MdJ. cly;Nky; caph; te;J xd;WtJ ,ay;Ng
vd;Dk; tpjpg;gb (z;+ , - zp) tpz;z; ,b- tpz;zpb vd MdJ.
ed;wd;W - ed;W + md;W
caph;thpd; cf;Fws; nka;tpl;L XLk; vd;Dk; tpjpg;gb> epiynkhopapd; ,WjpapYs;s cfuk; (W+ w; + c) nfl;L
ed;w;+ md;W vd MdJ cly;Nky; caph;te;J xd;WtJ ,ay;Ng vd;Dk; tpjpg;gb ( w; + m -w)vdg; Gzh;eJ
; >
ed;wd;W vd;whdJ.
F>R>L> J> G> W - Fw;wpaYfu vOj;Jf;fs; cf;Fws; - Fw;wpaYfuk;
khrw;whh;
khR+ mw;whh; (R - r;+ c) khr; + mw;whh;- khrw;whh;
rpyk;nghd;W
rpyk;G+ xd;W (G - g; +c) rpyk;g; + xd;W - rpyk;nghd;W
tz;bdk;
tz;L + ,dk; (L -l;+ c) tz;l;+b + ,dk; - tz;bdk;
tufhprp
tuF +mhprp
(F - f;+ c) tuf; + mhprp -tufhprp
md;Gil
md;G + cil
(G - g; +c) md;g; + cil - md;Gil
fUj;Njhbirj;J fUj;NjhL+ ,irj;J
(L-l;+ c) fUj;Njhl; + ,irj;J - fUj;Njhbirj;J
xd;nwd;g
xd;W+ vd;g ( W - w; c) xd;w; + vd;g - xd;nwd;g
tpsf;Nfw;wp
tpsf;F +Vw;wp (F - f; + c) tpsf;f+
; Vw;wp- tpsf;Nfw;wp
tPnwa;jp
tPW +va;jp (W - w;+ c) tPw+
; va;jp - tPnwa;jp
fw;ngDk;
fw;G +vDk; ( G -g;+ c)
fw;g; +vDk; -fw;ngDk;
tz;Liw
tz;L ciu ( L +l;+ c)
tz;l+
; ciw- tz;Liw
tpUe;njhuhy;
tpUe;j+
; xuhy; (J -j; + c) tpUe;j + xuhy; -tpUe;njhuhy;
nrj;njhopAk;
nrj;J + xopAk; (J - j; + c) nrj;j+
; xopAk; - nrj;njhopAk;
nrUf;nfo
nrUf;F +vo(F -f; + c)nrUf;f; + vo - nrUf;nfo
mUe;Jah; mUik+ Jah;
<WNghjy; vd;Dk; tpjpg;gb> ik tpFjp nfl;lJ. mU+ Jah; ,dk; kpfy; vd;Dk; tpjpg;gb tUnkhop Kjypy;
cs;s jfuj;jpw;F (j;) ,dkhd nky;ypdk; efuk; (e;) kpFe;J mU+ e;+ Jah; - mUe;Jah; vd;whdJ.
ty;ypdk; : f;> r;> l;> j;> g;> w;>
nky;ypdk;: q;> Q;> z;> e;> k;> d;
fUq;fy;
fUik +fy;
fU+ q;+ fy;
ngUe;nja;tk;
ngUik +nja;tk; ngU+ e;+ nja;tk; -ngUe;nja;tk;
ngUq;fspW
ngUik +fspW ngU +q; +fspW-ngUq;fspW
fLe;jpwy;
fLik+ jpwy; fL +e;+ jpwy; - fLe;jpwy;
$h;kg
; il
$h;ik+ gil $h; + k; +gil - $h;kg
; il
,UQ;rpuk;
,Uik+ rpuk; ,U+ Q; +rpuk; - ,UQ;rpuk;
nrOk; nghd;
nrOik+ nghd;> nrO+ k;+ nghd; - nrOk;nghd;
neLq;FtL
neLik+ FtL> neL + q;+ FtL- neLq;FtL
,Uk;nghiw
,Uik+ nghiw> ,U +k; +nghiw- ,Uk;nghiw
fLk;gif
fLik+ gif> fL + k;+ gif -fLk;gif
ngUe;Njh;
ngUik+ Njh;> ngU+ e; +Njh; - ngUe;Njh;
nra;As; thp - tpdh tpilfs;:
neLe;Njh; Ch;kjp tyt
Koe;jd;W mk;k ehk Kd;dpa tpidNa
1.,t;tb gapd;Ws;s E}y; mfehD}W
2. ,jidg; ghbath; kJiu...... ks;sdhh;
3. tyt -nghUs; Njh;gg
; hfd; Gutp - Fjpiu
4. ,jpYs;s jpiz Ky;yiyj; jpiz
5. jiykfd; Njh;gg
; hfw;Fr;nrhy;ypaJ
gr;#d; nga;j ige;epz ty;rp
nghyk;Gid fyj;jpw; wUFntd; khNjh
1. ,lk; ngw;w E}y; Iq;FWE}W
16
6.
7.
8.
2. ghlypd; Mrphpah; Xjyhe;ijahh;

3. ,J ew;wha; $w;whf cs;sJ
4. gr;#d; - grpa Cd; / gRikahd khkprk;
5. ew;wha; fhf;ifaplk; Ntz;baJ
6. ty;rp - czT
ntQ;rpd tpwy;Ntw; fhisnah
lQ;rp Nyhjpia tuf;fiue; jPNk
7. mQ;rpNyhjp - jiytp / jiykfs;
8. fhis - jiy kfd;
ahUkpy;iy jhNd fs;td;
jhdJ ngha;gg
; pd; ahndtd; nra;Nfh
1.,lk; ngw;w E}y; FWe;njhif
2. ghbath; fgpyh;
3.fs;td; -jiytd;
4. tiuT ePlb
; j;j tplj;Jj; jiykfs; Njhopaplk; $wpaJ
5. ngha;gg
; pd; - #Siu
xOFeP uhuy; ghh;fF
; k;
FUF Kz;Ljhd; kze;j Qhd;Nw
xOF ePH; - XLfpd;w ePH;
Muy; - Muy; kPd;
FUF - ehiu
ntWq;if vd;gJ %lj;jdk; -cd;
tpuy;fs; gj;Jk; %yjdk; !
1. ftpij Ntiyfsy;y Nts;tpfNs !
2. ,ijg; ghbath; jhuhghujp
3. %iyapy; Klq;fpf; fplf;Fk; thypgid Nehf;fpg; ghLfpwhh;
4. tpuy;fs; gj;Jk; %yjdk;
5. ntWq;if vd;gJ %ljdk;
Njhy;tpfs; VJk; cdf;fpy;iy - ,dpj;
njhLth dk; jhd; cd; vy;iy
6. ftpijj; njhFg;G E}y;
,J vq;fs; fpof;F
7. vy;iyahf ,Ug;gJ njhLthdk;
8. cdf;F - ,d;iwa ,isQh;fs;
9. njhopy; nra;a ek;kplk; vJTkpy;iy vd;W nrhy;tJ %lj;jdkhFk;.
gj;J tpuy;fshy; tUfpd;w ciog;Ng
ciog;Ng ekf;F %yjdkhFk;. ,JNt ghly;thpfs; czh;jJ
; k; fUj;J
flik Ghpe;jhd; ,tNd
1. E}ypd; ngah; -ghz;bad; ghpR
2. ghlyhrphpah; - ghujpjhrd;
3. ,ijf; $wpath; Mj;jhf;fpotp
4. md;dj;jplk; $wpdhh;
5. nts;sj;jpypUe;Jk; Ntoehl;L kwthplkpUe;Jk; md;dk; fhg;ghw;w gl;l NghJ $wpdhh;.
tha;jj
; N
P u khdj;ij capiuf; .........
6. ,jidf; $wpath; md;dk;
7. Mj;jhtpd; kfd; Ntydplk; $wpdhs;
8. flik Ghpe;jtd; Ntyd;.
ey;yJ nra;j yhw;wP uhapDk;
my;yJ nra;j NyhkGkpdJ jhd;
1. ,lk; ngw;w E}y; GwehD}W
2. ghlyhrphpah; ehpnt&cj; jiyahh;
3. Xk;Gkpd; jtph;jJ
; tpLtPh; (jPaJ nra;jiy)
4. Mw;wuP hapDk; vJ? ey;yJ nra;jy;
5. fzpr;rp- kOthAjk;
17
1.
2.
3.
4.
1.
6. taJ Kjph;ej
; rhd;Nwhh;fisg; gw;wpf; $WfpwJ.
7. fad;Ks; - eiuKbf;F ctik
8. jpiufTs; - RUq;fpa fd;dk;
tUit ahfpa rpd;dhs;
thoh shjy;ew; fwpe;jid nrd;Nk
1. ,lk; ngw;w E}y; ew;wpiz
2. Mrphpah; - ef;fz;izahh;
3. Njhop> jiytid Nehf;fpf; $wpaJ
4. rpd;dhs; - rpyehs;
5. ew;fwpe;jid nrd;Nk - ed;F mwpe;J nfhz;L nry;thahf
vjph;ej
; mt; tuf;fid ntd;why;
Mq;F ehd;mtw;F vd; kfs; ..........
1. ,lk; ngw;w E}y; - Njk;ghtzp
2. muf;fd;- Nfhypahj;J
3. ghlyhrphpah; - tPukhKdpth;
4. ehd; - rTy; kd;dd;
5. ,];uNay; kf;fis vjph;jj
; hd;/ mrdp - ,b
rPhK
; fj;J ,sty; ,isNahd; jhtPjd;
kjahid
Nfhypahj;J gykspg;gth; - flTs;
ty;ifNahL
,iwtDila typikahd fuq;fNshL
tz;Liw XjpAk; typas;
1. E}y; - fk;guhkhazk;
2. Mrphpah; - fk;gh;
3. typas; - rPij
4. kw;wptd; -mDkd;
mz;lh; ehaf ,dpj;Jwj;jp> $wpath; - mDkd; mz;lh; ehafd; - ,uhkh;
jpq;fnshd; wpUg;gd; ............. $wpath; - rPij mDkdplk; $wpdhh;
kyub nrd;dp itj;jhs; - rPij
kz; Fspur; nra;Ak; kwNty;..........
1. E}y; -rpyg;gjpfhuk;
2. Mrphpau; - ,sq;Nfhtbfs;
3. $wpath;-kJiu khefu kf;fs;
4. jz;Fil -ghz;ba kd;dd; cilaJ.
fhjw; fztidf; ........... fhjw; fztd; -Nfhtyd; <njhd;W - ,J xU GJik
......... nta;Nahd; > jpq;fs; cg;Gf nthz;zhj; J}a kufjf; Nfhl;il fhNl!
ghlypd; jiyg;G fhL.
Mrphpah; ftpQNuW thzpjhrd;
nta;Nahd; - fjputd;
,lk; ngw;w E}y; vopNyhtpak;
jkpofj;jpd; Nth;l;];nthh;j; ftpQNuW thzpjhrd; jk;gpuhd; Njhoh; Re;juh; mofpa kzths jhrh;
gps;isg; ngUkhs; Iaq;fhh; ghuha;ff
; ld; ciuf;fy; Ntz;bf;Nfhld;
jpiz& Jiw tpsf;fk;
nghUz;nkhopf; fhQ;rpj; Jiwia tpsf;Ff.
KdptUk; mtiug; Nghd;wtUk; ,k;ik kWikfspy; capUf;F cWjpiaj; jUtJ ,d;dJ vd;W jhk; njsptha;
mwpe;j nghUisr; nrhy;tJ nghUz;nkhopf; fhQ;rp vd;Dk; JiwahFk;.
vhpe;jp yq;F rilKb Kdpth;
Ghpe;J fz;l nghUs;nkhope; jd;W - Gwg;nghUs; ntz;gh khiy
rhd;W:
gy;rhd; wPnu gy;rhd; wPNu
fad;Ks; sd;d eiuKjph; jpiufTl;
gadpd; %g;gpw; gy;rhd; wPNu
fzpr;rpf; $h;kg
; ilf; fLe;jpw nyhUtd;
gpzpf;Fq; fhiy apuq;Ftph; khNjh
18
my;yJ nra;j Nyhk;Gkp dJ jhd;

vy;yhU Ktg;g jd;wpAk;
ey;yhw;Wg; g^c newpAkh uJNt.
- ehpnt&cj;jiyahh;
tpsf;fk; :
,g;GwehD}w;Wg; ghly; %yk;> kdpj tho;fi
; f epiyapy;yhjJ. vdNt> capUld; thOk; NghNjh
ey;ydtw;iwr; nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;. mJ ,ayhjhapd; jPikfs; nra;tijf; iftpl Ntz;Lk;. mJNt vy;yhUk;
tpUk;GtJ kl;Lk; my;yhky;> kWikapy; ew;fjp Nrh;fF
; k; topahfTk; mikAk; vd cyfpw;F epiyahd cz;ikg;
nghUis tw;GWj;jpf; $wpajhy; nghUz;nkhopf; fhQ;rp vd;Dk; Jiw Mapw;W.
2.
nghJtpay; jpizia tpsf;Ff.

ntl;rp Kjy; ghlhz; ,Wjpahfj; njhy;fhg;gpadhh; $Wk; Gwj;jpizfSs; $wg;glhj
nra;jpfisAk;> me;jj; jpizfSf;Fg; nghJthd nra;jpfisAk; $WtJ nghJtpay; jpiz MFk;.
rhd;W:
gy;rhd; wPNu ...... vdj; njhlq;Fk; GwehD}w;Wg; ghly;.
tpsf;fk; : ,g;ghly; %yk; .............. vd cyfpw;Fg; nghJthd nra;jpfisAk; ePjpiaAk;
czh;jJ
; tjhy; nghJtpay; jpizf;Fr; rhd;whapw;W.
3.
FwpQ;rpj; jpiz - tpsf;Ff.

Kjw;nghUs; jpiz vd;gjw;F kf;fs; xOf;fk; vd;gJ nghUs;
eyKk; nghOJk; Kjw;nghUs; vdg;gLk;.
epyk; - kiyAk; kiy rhh;ej
; ,lKk;
ngUk;nghOJ - Fsph;fhyk; Kd;gdpf;fhyk;
rpWnghOJ - ahkk;
fUg; n ghUs; :
nja;tk; KUfd;
kf;fs;
Fwth;> Fwj;jpah;
ePh;
RidePh>; mUtpePH
czT
jpiz> kiy ney;
chpg;nghUs;: Gzh;jYk; Gzh;jy; epkpj;jKk;
rhd;W:
ahU kpy;iy jhNd fs;td;
jhdJ ngha;gg
; pd; ahndtd; nra;Nfh
jpidj;jh sd;d rpWgRq; fhy
xOFeP uhuy; ghh;fF
; k;
FUF #Siu Kz;L jhd; kze;j Qhd;Nw
- fgpyh;
tpsf;fk; :jiytd; #Siu $wpa nghOJ> rhl;rp $Wtjw;F ,ayhj ehiu kl;LNk ,Ue; j J. mJTk; jd;
czthd Muy; kPdpd; tUifiaNa $h;eJ
; Nehf;fpapUe;jJ. ,dp ehd; vd;d nra;Ntd; vd;W jiytp Njhopaplk;
tUe;jpf; $wpdhs;.
nghUj;jk;: ,r;nra;Aspy;> FwpQ;rpj; jpizf;Fhpa fUg;nghUs;fSs; czthfpa jpidAk;> RidePh>; mUtpePh; tope;J
XLfpd;w ePH; Mfpait te;Js;sjhy; FwpQ;rpj; jpizf;Fr; rhd;whapw;W.
4.
Ky;iyj; jpizia tpsf;Ff.

Kjw;nghUs;:
epyk; - fhLk; fhL rhh;ej
; ,lKk;
ngUk;nghOJ - fhh;fhyk;
rpWnghOJ - khiy
fUg;nghUs; :
nja;tk; jpUkhy;
kf;fs;
Mah;> Ma;rr
; pah;
G+
Ky;iy> gpltk;> Njhd;wp
gz; / aho;; Ky;iyg; gz; - Ky;iy aho;
chpg;nghUs;: ,Uj;jYk;; ,Uj;jy; epkpj;jKk;
rhd;W:
girgL gr;ir nea;Njha;j; jd;d
Kiftha; jpwe;j eiftha; Ky;iy
tz;bde; jtph;fF
; k; jz;gjf; fhiy
19
thpDk; thuh uhapDk; Mz;lth;fF

;
,dpJ nfhy; thop Njhop ! .... vd;w
;
......... mUe;Ja Uilas;
kJiu ........ kd;dhpd; mfehD}w;Wg; ghly;
tpsf;fk; :
Ky;iy mUk;Gfs; kyh;eJ
; > kzk; tPrp> tz;Lf; $l;lk; Ntw;wplk; nry;yhJ jLj;Jf;nfhz;bUf;Fk;
fhh;fhyKk; te;J tpl;lJ. jhk; tUtjhfr; nrhy;ypr; nrd;w jiyth; fhh;fhyj;jpy; jpUk;gp tutpy;iy. khiyf; fhyj;Jj;
jiytdpd; tUifia vjph;ghh;jJ
; j; jiytp> tPlb
; y; jdpj;Jj; JaUld; Mw;wpapUf;fpwhs;.
nghUj;jk;:
Ky;iyg;G+ - fUg;nghUs; jz;gjf;fhiy - fhh;fhyk; (Kjw;nghUs;) -ngUk;nghOJ jiytd; tUiff;fhfj;
jiytp tPlb
; y; fhj;jpUj;jy; ,Uj;jYk; ,Uj;jy; epkpj;jKk; - chpg;nghUs;. ,j;jifa Ky;iy jpizf;Fhpa nra;jpfs;
te;Js;sjhy;> girgL vdj; njhlq;Fk; ghly;> Ky;i
; yj; jpizf;Fr; rhd;whapw;W.
1.
2.
3.
4.
mzptpsf; f k; :
ctik mzpiar; rhd;Wld; tpsf;Ff.
mzp ,yf;fzk; :
xUnra;Aspy; ctik xU thf;fpakhfTk;> ctNkak; kw;nwhU thf;fpakhfTk;
mike;J> Nghy> Nghd;w Kjyhd ctk cUGfisg; ngw;W tUtJ ctik mzp vdg;gLk;.
rhd;W:
mfo;thiuj; jhq;Fk; epyk;Nghyj; jk;ik
,fo;thh;g; nghWj;jy; jiy.
ctik
:
mfo;thiuj; jhq;Fk; epyk;
ctNkak;
:
jk;ik ,fo;thh;g; nghWj;jy; jiy
ctk cUG
:
Nghy
tpsf;fk;
:
G+kpahdJ jd;kPJ epd;W nfhz;L jd;idj; Njhz;LgtiuAk; tpohky; jhq;fpf;
nfhz; b Uf; f pwJ. mJ Nghy> jkf; F f; Fw; w khdtw; i wr; nra; J > jk; i k mtkjpg; g tiuAk; jk; i k
,fo;eJ
; NgRgtiuAk; nghWj;Jf; nfhs;Sjy; jiy rpwe;j gz;G MFk;.
Nfhwy; - nfhy; + jy;
nfhy; - gFjp> nfh>Nfh vd ePzl
; J tpfhuk; jy;- njhopw;ngah; gFjp
vLj;Jf;fhl;L ctikazpiar; rhd;Wld; tpsf;Ff.
mzp ,yf;fzk;:
xU nra;Aspy; ctik xU thf;fpakhfTk;> ctNkak; kw;nwhU thf;fpakhfTk; mike;J> Nghy> Nghd;w
Kjyhd ctk cUGfs; kiwe;J tUtJ vLj;Jf;fhl;L ctikazp vdg;gLk;.
rhd;W:
,d;ikAs; ,d;ik tpUe;njhuhy; td;ikAs;
td;ik klthh;g; nghiw.
ctik
:
,d;ikAs; ,d;ik klthh;g; nghiw ,ilapy; Nghy vd;Dk; ctk cUG kiwe;J te;Js;sJ
tpsf;fk; :
jk;ik ehb tUk; tpUe;jpdiu cgrhpf;f ,ayhky; jtph;fF
; k; epiy> tWikf;Fs; nfhba tWik
MFk;. mJNghy> mwptpyhh; nra;Ak; jPqF
; fisj; jz;bf;Fk; typik jdf;F ,Ue;Jk; jz;bf;fhky; nghWj;jNy
typikf;Fs; rpwe;j typik MFk;.
nrhw;nghUs; gpd;tU epiy mzpiar; rhd;Wld; tpsf;Ff.
mzp ,yf;fzk; :
xU nra;Aspy; te;j nrhy;Ny kPzL
; k; kPzL
; k; te;J> xNu nghUisj; jUkhapd;> mJ
nrhw;nghUs; gpd;tU epiyazp MFk;.
rhd;W:
cjtp tiuj;jd;W cjtp cjtp
nrag;gl;lhh; rhy;gpd; tiuj;J
tpsf; f k; : ,f; F wl; g htpy; > cjtp vd; D k; nrhy; gyKiw te; J > cgfhuk; vd; D k; xNu
nghUisj; jUtjhy; nrhw;nghUs; gpd;tUepiy mzp MFk;.
jw;Fwpg;Ngw;w mzpia tpsf;Ff.
mzp ,yf;fzk; :
jd;+ Fwpg;G +Vw;wk; - jw;Fwpg;Ngw;wk; ,ay;ghf epfOk; epfor;rpapd; kPJ ftpQd; jd; fUj;ij Vw;wpf; $WtJ
jw;Fwpg;Ngw;w mzpahFk;.
rhd;W:
nrk;nghw;nfhb midahs; fz;lhisj; jhd; fhzhd;
ky;yk;kh Qhyk; ,Us; Cl;b> khkiyNky;>
nrt;ntd; fjph; RUq;fpf; nrq;fjpNuhd; nrd;nwhspg;gg;
- ,sq;Nfhtbfs;
20
tpsf;fk; :
khiyg; nghOjpy; #hpad; jd; fjph;fisr; RUf;fp kiwjy; ,ay;ghd epfo;rr
; pahFk;. Mdhy;>
fz;zfp jd; fztdhfpa Nfhtyid ,oe;J cw;w Jd;gj;jpidAk; mts; gythW $wpg; Gyk;gp mOjjijAk;
fjputd; fhzg; nghwhky; jd; nrq;fjph;fisr; RUf;fpf; nfhz;L Nkw;F kiyapy; nrd;W kiwe;jhd; vd;W
,sq;Nfhtbfs; jk; fUj;ij Vw;wpf; $wpAs;shh;. vdNt > ,jpy; jw;Fwpg;Ngw;w mzp gapd;W te;Js;sJ.
nfhz;l - nfhs;(z;) + l;+ m
nfhs; - gFjp> s;> z; MdJ tpfhuk>; l; - ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy> m- nganur;r tpFjp
epw;ghd;- epy;(w;)+ g; +Md;
epy; - gFjp> y;> w;MdJ tpfhuk;> g; - vjph;fhy ,ilepiy Md; -Mz;ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp
VFtha; - VF+ t;+ Ma;
VF - gFjp t;- vjph;fhy ,ilepiy> Ma; - Kd;dpiy xUik tpidKw;W tpFjp
1.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
2.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
nra;e;ed;wpawpjy; gw;wp ts;Sth; $wpAs;s fUj;Jf;fisj; njhFj;J vOJf.

itafKk; thdfKk; xg;ghfh:
ehk; Xh; cjtpAk; nra;ahJ ,Uf;Fk; epiyapy; xUth; ekf;Fr; nra;j cjtpf;F ,k;kz;ZyfKk; tpz;ZyfKk;
xg;ghfh.
epy cyfj;ij tplg; nghpaJ
Mgj;Jf;fhyj;jpy; xUth; nra;j cjtp kpfr; rpwpajha; ,Ue;jhYk; mJ nra;ag;gl;l fhyj;ij Nehf;Fk;NghJ ,e;epy
cyfj;ij tpl kpfTk; nghpajhFk;.
flypd; nghpaJ:
gaid vjph;ghuhky; xUth; nra;j cjtpapd; rpwg;ig Muha;eJ
; ghh;jj
; hy;> mJ flypDk; nghpajhFk;.
nra;ed;wpmwpthhpd; ,ay;G :
xUth; jpiz msT kpfr; rpwpa cjtpiar; nra;jhYk;> mjidg; gidasT nghpjha; kjpj;Jg; Nghw;Wth;> gad;
njhpthh;.
xUth; kw;wth;fF
; r; nra;j cjtp mt;Tjtpapd; msitg; nghWj;jJ md;W;mt;Tjtpiag; ngw;wtUila jFjp
vt;tstpdNjh mt;tsitg; nghWj;jjhFk;.
kwtw;f Jwtw;f:
jpUts;Sth;> Fw;wkw;w ey;yth; el;gpid kwj;jy; $lhJ vd;fpwhh;. Jd;gk; Neh;e;j fhyj;jpy; jkf;F cjtpaha;
,Ue;jth;fspd; el;igf; iftpLjy; $lhJ vd;fpwhh;.
vOgpwg;Gk; cs;Sth;:
jkf;F Vw;gl;l Jd;gj;jpid ePff
; patUila cah;ej
; el;gpid VO tifg;gl;l gpwtpaYk; kwthJ epidj;Jg; Nghw;Wth;>
rhd;Nwhh; .
kwg;gJk; kwthjJk;:
gpwh; nra;j ed;ikia kwg;gJ mwkhfhJ. mth;nra;j jPikia clNd kwe;J tpLtJ mwkhFk;.
ed;wy;yij kwf;f:
nfhiy nra;tJ Nghd;w nfhLikfisr; nra;jhYk;> mth; nra;j xU ed;ikia epidf;f> jPikfs; vy;yhk;
kiwe;J tpLk;.
nra;ed;wp kwj;jypd; nfhLik:
vj;jifa mwq;fis mopj;jth;f;Fk; mg;ghtj;jpypUe;J ePqf
; topAz;L. Mdhy;> xUtd; nra;j cjtpia
kwe;jtDf;F mg;ghtj;jpypUe;J ePqF
; k; top ,y;iyahk;.
itafKk; thdfKk; xg;ghfh vjw;F?(1)
epy cyfj;ij tpl kpfg;nghpaJ vJ?(2)
flypd; nghpaJ vJ?(3)
kwtw;f vdTk; Jwtw;f vdTk; jpUts;Sth; vtw;iwf; Fwpg;gpLfpwhh;?(6)
nra;ed;wp kwj;jypd; nfhLikiaf; $Wf.(10)
nghiwAilik vd;Dk; mjpfhuk; ntspg;gLj;Jk; fUj;Jf;fisj; njhFj;J vOJf.
nghiwAilikapd; rpwg;G:
jd;idj; Njhz;LgtiuAk; fPNo tpohky; jhq;Fk; G+kpiag; Nghyj; jk;ik mtkjpg;gtiuAk; nghWj;Jf; nfhs;Sjy;
jiyrpwe;j mwkhFk;.
gpwh; nra;Ak; tuk;G fle;j Fw;wj;jpidg; nghWj;Jf; nfhs;Sjy; rpwe;jJ. me;jf; Fw;wj;jpid kwe;J tpLjy; mijtplr;
rpwe;jJ.
tWikf;Fs; tWikahtJ tPlb
; w;F tUk; tpUe;jpdiu cgrhpf;f KbahikNa MFk;. (mwptpyhh; nra;Ak; tuk;G fle;j
Fw;wj;jpidg; nghWj;Jf; nfhs;tJ typikf;Fs; rpwe;j typikahFk;)
ew;Fzq;fs; ek;ik tpl;L ePqf
; hjpUf;f Ntz;Lkhdhy;> nghWik vd;Dk; Fzj;ijg; Nghw;wpf; fhj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
gpwh; nra;jd nghWj;jy;
jkf;Fj; jPqF
; nra;jtiuj; jz;bj;jtiur; rhd;Nwhh; xU nghUl;lhf kjpf;fkhl;lhh;. Mdhy;> nghWj;Jf;
21
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
4.
5.
6.
9.
10.
11.
12.
3.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
4.
1.
2.
nfhs;gtiug; nghd;Nghy; kjpj;J kdj;Js; itj;Jg; Nghw;Wth;.

jkf;Fj; jPqF
; nra;jtiuj; jz;bj;jth; me;j xU ehs; kl;LNk kd epiwthfpa ,d;gk; va;Jth;. jPqF
; nra;jtiug;
nghWj;J nfhz;lth;fN
; fh cyfk; mopAk; tiu Gfo; cz;lhFk;.
nra;aj;jfhj Jd;gr; nray;fisg; gpwh; jdf;Fr; nra;jhYk; mjw;fhf tUe;jp mwj;jpw;F khwhd nray;fisr;
nra;ahjpUj;jy; ey;yJ.
nrUf;fpdhy; jkf;Fj; jPik nra;jhiuAk; jkJ nghWikapdhy; ntw;wp nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;
nfhLQ;nrhw;fisg; nghWj;jy;:
tuk;Gfle;J NgRNthhpd; nfhba nrhw;fisAk; nghWj;Jf; nfhs;gth; gw;ww;w JwtpapDk; Nkyhdth; Mth;.
cz;zhNehd;G ,Uf;Fk; nghpath;fis tplj; jk;ik ,fo;Nthhpd; nrhw;fisg; nghWj;Jf; nfhs;gth; Nkyhdth;
Mthh;.
nghiwAilikapd; rpwg;ig ts;Sth; top epd;W tpsf;Ff. (1>2> 3>4)
xWj;jhh;> nghWj;jhh; Fwpj;Jf; Fws; $Wtd ahit? (5>6>7>8)
,d;dhr;nrhy;iyg; nghWg;gth; (9>10)
vjid kwj;jy; vjdpDk; ed;W? (2)
td;ikAs; td;ik vJ? (3)
xWj;jhUk; nghWj;jhUk; va;Jtd ahit? (6)
ahiug; nghiwahy; nty;Yjy; Ntz;Lk;? (8)
mwpTilik vd;Dk; mjpfhuj;jpy; njhptpf;f ngw;Ws;s fUj;Jf;fisj; njhFj;J vOJf.
mwptpd; rpwg;G:
mwpT vd;gJ> xUtUf;F mopT Neuhky; Kd;dNu mwpe;J fhf;ff; $ba fUtpahFk;. mJ kl;Lkd;wp giftuhy;
mopf;f Kbahj muZk; MFk;.
mwptpd; ,yf;fzk;:
kdj;ijj; jPa topfspypUe;J tpyf;fp> ey;y topapy; nrYj;JtNj mwpthFk;.
ve;jr; nra;jpia vth; $wf; Nfl;lhYk;> mr;nra;jpapy; cs;s cz;ikahd nghUis Muha;e;J fhz ty;yNj
rpwe;j mwpthFk;.
gpwh; kdk; nfhs;SkhW mhpa fUj;Jfis vLj;Jiug;gJk;> gpwh; $Wtdtw;Ws; Ez;nghUs; fhz;gJk; rpwe;j
mwpthFk;.
cyfpy; mwpT> xOf;fk; epiwe;j cah;e;jhNuhL el;Gf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. me;j el;gpy; tsh;jy;> Nja;jy; ,y;yhky;
vg;nghOJk; xNu epiyapy; ,Uj;jy; rpwe;j mwpthFk;.
cyfj;jhh; vt;topapy; elf;fpd;wdNuh mt;topapy; jhDk; elg;gNj rpwe;j mwpthFk;.
mwpTilahuJ ,yf;fzk;:
mwpTilahh;> gpd;dhy; tug;Nghtij Kd;Ng mwpe;J nfhs;Sk; Mw;wy; cilath; Mth;. mwptpyhh;> gpd;dhy;
tug;Nghtij Kd;Ng mwpa ,ayhjth; Mth;.
mQ;r Ntz;ba gop ghtq;fSf;F mQ;rhky; tho;tJ mwpahik MFk;. mQ;r Ntz;ba gop ghtq;fSf;F mQ;rp
tho;jy;mwpTilNahh; nrayhFk;.
mwpTilahh;fF
; j; Jd;gkpy;iy
gpd;dhy; tuf;$ba Jd;gq;fis Kd;dNu mwpe;Jfhj;Jf; nfhs;sf; $ba mwpTilahh;fF
; > mth; mQ;rp eLq;FkhW
Neuf;$ba Jd;gk; vJTkpy;iy.
vy;yhk; cilath;> xd;Wkpy;yhjth;:
mwpTilahh; NtW vJTk; ,y;yhjtuhdhYk; vy;yhr; nry;tq;fisAk; cilath; Mth;. mwpT ,y;yhjth; vy;yhr;
nry;tq;fisAk; ngw;wpUe;jhYk; xd;Wk; ,y;yhjth; Mth;.
mwptpd; rpwg;ig vOJf. (1)
mwpTilahh;> mwptpyhh; ,ay;gpidr; Rl;L
; f. (7)
eLq;f tUk; Jd;gk; ahUf;fpy;iy?(9)
vy;yhk; cilath;> xd;Wk; ,y;yhjth; ahh; ahh;? (10)
mwptpd; ,yf;fzj;ij vOJf. (tpil: 2>3>4>5>6)
mwpTilahhpd; ,yf;fzq;fshf ts;Sth; $wpadtw;iw vOJf.(tpil : 7>8)
tpidj;jpl;gk; vd;Dk; jiyg;gpy; jpUts;Sth; $wpAs;sd ahit?
tpidj;jpl;gk;:
tpidj;jpl;gk; vd;gJ> xUtd; vj;jid ,lh;ghLfs; Vw;gl;lhYk; fyq;fhky;> jhd; Nkw;nfhz;l nraiyr; nra;J
Kbf;Fk; kdtypikahFk;. gpw> jpz;ikfs; vd;W nrhy;yg;glh.
Ma;ej
; th; Nfhs;:
xUth;> xU nraiy Nkw;nfhs;Sk; NghJ Neuf;$ba ,ilA+Wfis Kd;Ng njhpe;J Kad;W tpyf;FjYk;> Kad;W
jLj;Jk; ,ilA+W NeUkhapd; kdk; fyq;fhikAk; tpidj;jpl;gKilahh; Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;ba newpfshk;.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
9.
10.
2.
vw;wh tpOkk; jUk;

xUtd;> jhd; Nkw;nfhz;l nraiy KbtpNy Gyg;gLkhW kiwj;Jr; nra;a Ntz;Lk;. me;jr; nray; ,ilapNy
ntspg;gLkhapd; mJ tpid nra;thDf;F ePqf
; hj Jd;gj;ijj; jUk;.
vspaTk; mhpaTk; Mtd:
nra;J Kbj;jw;F mhpa nray;fisAk; nra;J Kbf;f KbAk; vd;W $Wjy; vy;Nyhh;fF
; k; vspikahdJ MFk;.
Mdhy;> nrhy;ypagb nra;J Kbj;jy; kpfTk; mUikahdJ MFk;.
tpidj;jpl;gj;jpd; rpwg;G:
vz;zj;jhy; rpwg;nga;jpa> khl;rpikg;gl;l mikr;rdJ tpidj;jpl;gk;> murDf;Fr; rpwg;ig cz;lhf;Fkhjyhy;
mtd; midtuhYk; kjpf;fg;gLthd;
vz;zpahq;F va;Jthh;:
xU nraiyr; nra;J Kbj;jw;F chpa kdj;jpl;gk; cilath;> jhk; vz;zpatw;iw vz;zpathNw nra;J Kbf;f
ty;yth; Mthh;.
cUT fz;L vs;shik Ntz;Lk; :
tbtpy; rpwpa mr;rhzp kpfg;nghpa Njiur; nrYj;Jk;. mJNghy> tbtpy; rpwpatUk; kpfg;nghpa nraiyr; nra;a
ty;yth; Mth;. mjdhy;> cUtpidf; fz;L xUtiu ,fof; $lhJ.
tpid nra;Ak; Kiw:
tpidj;jpl;g Kilahh;> jhk; Nkw;nfhz;l nraiy kdk; njspe;J> Jzpe;J> Nrhh;tpy;yhky;> fhyk; jho;jj
; hJ tpiue;J
nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
xU nraypidr; nra;Ak; NghJ Jd;gq;fs; Nkd;NkYk; mLf;fp te;jhYk; kdk; fyq;fhky; Kbtpy; ,d;gk; jUk;
mr;nraiyj; JzpTld; nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;
cyfj;jhy; kjpf;fg;glhjth;:
tpid nra;tjpy; kdj;jpl;gk; cilatiuNa cyfk; tpUk;gpg; Nghw;Wk;. tpidj;jpl;gk; ,y;yhjth; NtW vj;jifa
jpl;gKilatuhapDk; mtiu cyfk; tpUk;ghJ.
tpidj;jpl;gj;jpd; rpwg;Gk;> mJ cilahh; va;Jk; gaDk; Fwpj;J vOJf. (5>6)
tpidj;jpl;gj;jpd; rpwg;igj; jpUts;Sth; vq;qdk; fhl;bAs;shh;? (1>3>5>6>7)
*********
I. tho;j;J II ngUtpdh
m. ,iwtho;j;J
M. nkhop tho;j;J
,. ehl;Ltho;j;J
fk;gh; ed;Nw ek;gp Fbtho;fi
; f vd tpae;J $Wtjd; eaj;ij tpsf;Ff.
vy;yh kjj;jtUk; ,iwtd; xUtNd vd;gjhy; fk;gh;> xd;Nw nad;dpd; xd;Nwahk; vd;fpwhh; vdpDk; vy;yhg;
nghUs;fspYk; ,Ug;gjhy; gyNt vd;fpwhh;. cyfpYs;s vg;nghUisg; NghyTk; ,iwtd; ,y;iy vd;why; ,y;iy
jhd;. fjputidg; Nghyg; Ngnuhsp nfhz;ltdh> epyitg; Nghd;W jz;> vd;W ,Ug;ghdh> fhw;wpidg; Nghd;W
vq;Fk; gutp epiwe;jpUg;gtdh vd;why; Mk; vd;gjhy; cz;L jhd;. cyfpy; ,iwtd; ,y;iy vd;W nrhd;dhy;
,y;iy jhd;. ,iwtd; cz;L vd;W nrhd;dhy; cz;L jhd;. ,t;thW> gy;NtWgl;l jd;ikfis xUq;Nf
nfhz;ltdha; ,iwtd; ,Uj;jyhy;> mtid ed;Nw ek;gp Fbtho;f;if vd;W tpae;J $Wfpwhh; fk;gh;. NkYk;
,g;gbg;gl;l ,iwtdpd; jd;ikfshff; fz;Lzh;e;J> ehk; filj;NjWtjw;F ,iwtidr; ruziltNj rpwe;j
topahFk; vd;W $Wfpwhh; fk;gh;.
3.
,iwtho;jJ
; g; ghlyhy;mwpayhFk; nra;jpfisf; $Wf.
,iwtd; xUtNd Mthd; . mtd; cUtkw;wtd;. vdpDk; cyfpYs;s vy;yhg; nghUs;fspYk; ePff
; kw epiwe;J
,Uf;fpd;whd;.
cUtk;> mUtk;. mUTUtk; vdg; gy;NtW epiyfshf ,iwtd; jpfo;fpd;whd;.
,iwtd; cynfq;Fk; xspUk; Ngnuhsp kakhdtd;; jz; vd;wpUf;Fk; jd;ik gilj;jtd;. jd;id ,y;iy
vd;W $Wgthplj;jpYk; ,Ug;gtd; jd;id cz;L vd;W ciug;gtdplk; kiwe;jpUg;gtd;.
,j;jifa ,iwtid ek; khDlf; fz;fshy; fhz ,ayhJ. mUshNy mtid mwpa ,aYk; .
mtid ehk; mwpe;J ca;tjw;F top> ,iwtidr; ruz; miltJ xd;W kl;LNk MFk;.
5.
tujeQ;irag; gps;is vf;fhuzq;fshy; jkpod;idia tho;jJ

; tk; vd;W $Wfpd;whh;?
jkpo; kf;fspd; ,sikg; gUtj;jpNy> Kjd; Kjyhf mth;fspd; ehitg; NgRtjw;F mirtpj;j nkhop> jkpo; nkhop.
jkpoh;fspd; mwpTf; fz;izj; jpwe;J cyf elg;Gfisj; njsptha; vLj;Jiuj;J> mtw;wpd; cz;ikfis
mth;fs; fUj;njhL nghUe;jr; nra;j nkhop> jkpo;nkhop.
jkpoh;fspd; cs;sf; fUj;Jfis> rpe;jidfis kw;wth;fSf;F mwptpg;gjw;Ff; fUtpaha; ehd; ,Uf;fpNwd;
vd;W nrhy;ypf;nfhz;L te;j jpUj;jkhd nkhop> jkpo; nkhop.
gy;NtW tifg;gl;l may; nkhopfisf; fw;gjw;Fj; jkpoh;fF
; cjtp Ghpe;j tsk; nghUe;jpa nkhop> jkpo;nkhop.
23
,j;jifa fhuzq;fshy;> jkpod;idia tho;f! tho;f! vd;W nrhy;yp> jkpo;jhapd; jpUtbfisg; gzpe;J
tho;jJ
; Nthk; vd;W tujeQ;irag;gps;is $Wfpd;whh;.
7.
1.
1.
,e;jpah; midtUk; vt;ntz;zj;ijf; iff;nfhs;sy; Ntz;Lk;? Vd;?

,J ,e;jpa ehL; ,e;j ehL
vq;fSf;Nf chpikahd ehL
vd;W ehs;NjhWk; ,e;jpah; xt;nthUtUk; ,e;jpa ehl;bidg; Nghw;wpg; ghl Ntz;Lk;. ,e;jpa ehl;bw;F chpikapy;yhj
me;epah; gyh; ,q;F te;J> ek;ik mbikg;gLj;jp Mz;ldh;. mg;NghJ ,e;jpah; nghWg;gpy;yhky; J}q;fpf; fple;j fhyq;fs;
fope;jd. ,e;jpah;fshfpa ek;Kila tho;T kyu> te;jtiuAk; NghdtiuAk; ek;gp tho;eJ
; nfhz;bUe;j fhyq;fs;
kiwe;J Nghapd. vdNt> ,d;W Kjy; ,e;jpah; midtUk; ,e;jpah- vq;fSf;F chpikahd ehL vd;Dk; vz;zj;ij
kdj;jpy; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
njhif E}y;fs; (m) GwehD}W (ngUtpdh)
Gwk;+ ehd;F+ E}W - GwehD}W> Gwk; vdTk;> Gwg;ghl;L vdTk; toq;fg;gLk;. vl;Lnjhif E}y;fSs; xd;W. ntl;rp
Kjy; ngUe;jpiz Kba cs;s Gwj;jpizfSf;Fhpa Jiwg; nghUs;fs; mike;j (400) ehD}W ghly;fisf;
nfhz;Ls;sjhy; GwehD}W vd;W ngah; ngw;wJ. ,e;E}ypd; flTs; tho;jJ
; g; ghliyg; ghujk; ghba ngUe;Njtdhh;
ghbAs;shh;. gy;NtW fhyj;jpy; tho;ej
; gy;NtW Gyth;fshy; ghlg;gl;lit.
KbAil %Nte;jh;fs;> rpw;wurh;fs;> mikr;rh;fs;
Nridj; jiyth;fs;> tPuh;fs;> filnaOts;sy;fs;>
filr;rq;fg; Gyth;fs; MfpNahhpd; tPuk;> nfhilj;jpwk;>
ngUik Kjyhdtw;iw GwehD}w;wpd; %yk; mwpayhk;.
rq;f fhyj; jkpo; kf;fspd; tho;f;if Kiw> ehfhpfk;> Nghh;j;jpwk;> gz;ghL kw;Wk; gof;ftof;fq;fs; gw;wpar;
nra;jpfisg; GwehD}W ekf;F toq;Ffpd;wJ.
GwehD}W> jkpohpd; cahpa tho;tpay;
rpe;jidfis tpsf;Fk; fUT+yk;
,J njhFf; f g; g l; l fhyk; fp.gp.,uz; l hk; E}w; w hz; L . ,jpy; 11 Gwj; j pizfSk; 65
JiwfSk; vLj;jhsg;gl;Ls;sd. jkpo; kPJ gw;Wf; nfhz;l [p.A. Nghg; mth;fs; GwehD}w;Wg; ghly;fs; rpytw;iw
Mq;fpyj;jpy; nkhopngah;jJ
; ntspapl;Ls;shh;.
vl;Lj; njhif E}y;fs; ahit?
mfg;nghUs; E}y;fs;
Gwg;nghUs; E}y;fs;
mfk; + Gwk;
1. ew;wpiz>
4. fypj;njhif
6. gjpw;Wg; gj;J
2.FWe;njhif
5.mfehD}W
7. GwehD}W
8.ghpghly;
3. Iq;FWE}W
2.
ehpnt& cj;jiyahh; gadpy;yhj KJikAilahiu tpspj;Jf; $Wtdtw;iw vOJf.

fad;Ks; sd;d eiuKjph; jpiufTl;
gadpd; %g;gpw; gy;rhd; wPNu
KJik fhuzkhf kPdpd; Ks;isg; Nghd;W ntz;ikahd jiyKbapidAk; Njhy; RUq;fpa
fd;dq;fisAk; cila gadpy;yhj %g;G cila rhd;NwhNu!
fzpr;rpf; $h;kg
; ilf; fLe;jpw nyhUtd;
gpzpf;Fq; fhiy apuq;Ftph; khNjh
$h;ikahd kOthfpa MAjj;i
; j Ve;jpathW> typik tha;ej
; vkd; ghrf;fapw;why; fl;b capiuf; ftu
tUk;NghJ tUe;JtPh!; mg;NghJ tUe;jpg; gadpy;iy.
my;yJ nra;j Nyhk;Gkpd;
capUld; thOk; NghNj ey;yJ nra;Aq;fs;. ey;y tpidfisr; nra;ahtpl;lhYk; jPaijr; nra;jiyahtJ jtph;jJ
;
tpLq;fs;. mJNt vy;NyhUk; tpUk;GtJ. mJ kl;Lkd;W>
cq;fis kWikapy; ey;y topahfpa tPlL
; yfpy;nrYj;jf;$ba mwtopAk; mJNtahFk;
vd;W ehpnt&cj;jiyahh; $Wfpwhh;.
3.
,lQ;Rl;b tpsf;Ff. ey;yJ nra;j yhw;wP uhapDk;

my;yJ nra;j Nyhk;G kpd;
,lk; ngw;w E}y;: GwehD}W gy;rhd;wN
P u vdj; njhlq;Fk; ghly;.
$wpath; - Mrphpah;> Nfl;lth;- gadpd; %g;gpw; gy;rhd;Nwhh;
tpsf;fk;: KJik fhuzkhf kPdpd; Ks;isg; Nghd;W ntz;ikahd jiyKbapidAk; Njhy; RUq;fpa
fd;dq;fisAk; cila gadpy;yhj %g;G cila rhd;NwhNu!
$h;ikahd kOthfpa MAjj;ij Ve;jpathW> typik tha;ej
; vkd; ghrf;fapw;why; fl;b capiuf; ftu tUk;NghJ
24
tUe;Jtjhy; vde;jg; gaDk; ,y;iy.

( capUld; ........... vd;W mwpTWj;Jfpwhh; ehpnt&cj; jiyath; .
1.
rpw;wpyf;fpaq;fs; -ngUtpdh - njhFg;G

,uhruhr Nrhodpd; tpy;> ths;> KuR> nfhb> Fil Fwpj;Jf; $wg;gl;ld ahit?
tpy;ypd; rpwg;G
thspd; rpwg;G
Kurpd;rpwg;G
,e;jpuid ntd;wJ; Xh; mk;gpid tpLj;Jg; ngUq;fly; fha;eJ

; > tw;WkhW nra;jJ.
Nrho kf;fs; ey;tho;T ngwf; fhtphp MW gha;tjw;Fr; iry kiyia ntl;b toptpl;lJ; thdj;jpy;
mire;j mRuh;fspd; efuj;jpidj; njhiyj;jJ.
tQ;rp khehpy; jpiwahff; nfhLj;j flg;g kuj;jhy; nra;ag;gl;lJ. Nghhpy; Njhw;w Ntw;W ehl;L
kd;diuj; jiyapy; kz; Rke;J fhtphp miz fl;LkhW nra;jJ.
nfhbapd;rpwg;G
Mapuk; fz;fisf; nfhz;L. NkUkiyiaj; jhtpr; Rw;wp te;j ,e;jpuidf; nfhbapy;

Gypahff; nfhz;lJ.
Filapd; rpwg;G
Nrho ehl;L kf;fisf; fhf;Fk; nghUl;L> thdsT nebJ cah;e;J> mz;l $lj;ij xj;J
epw;gJ ,uhruhr Nrho kd;ddpd; Fil
2.
njd;fiu ehl;bd; tsk; Fwpj;JKf;$lw;gs;S ciug;gdtw;iw vOJf.

#hpadpd; ntg;gj;jpdhy; ntapy; fhAk;
kf;fspd; tapW grpahy; fhahJ
ntz;ikahd japh;fz;lq;fs;jhd;
kf;fs; Neha; fz;lq;fshy; kdk; fyq;fhh;
epiy FiyAk;.
kha;eJ
; xoptd ehopifAk; thuKNk MFk;
kf;fSs; ,sikapy; ,wg;gth; vtUk; ,yh;
fyq;fpr; Roy;tJ ePHr
; R
; opfis cila
kf;fs; gpwehl;Lg; gilahy; fyq;fpr; Roy;tJ ,y;iy
nts;sk; kl;LNk
ed;F Kw;wpa nre;ney; gapNu jiy rhAk;
kf;fs; fhag;gl;Lk;> Fiy NehAw;Wk; jiy rha;tJ ,y;iy.
Jwtpfs; kl;LNk jdpahf tho;thh;
fztd; kidtpah; jdpj;J ,uhh;.
re;jdf;fl;il kl;LNk miug;gjhy; NjAk;
nra;Aspy;nghUs; Nja;T ,uhJ
,itNa njd;fiu ehl;bd;tsk; Fwpj;J Kf;$lw;gs;S ciug;gdthk;.
3.
jiytp Nkfj;jplk; nkhope;j J}J nkhopfs; ahit?

nre;jhkiu kyh; Nghd;w moFk; Fsph;rr
; pAk; cila fz;fis cilatuhd jpUkhy; Japy;nfhs;tJ Nghy> re;jd
kuq;fs; epiwe;Js;s nghjpa kiyr; rhuypy; Fbnfhz;L thOk; Nkff; $l;lq;fNs!
mofpa ntz;kjpAk; ,iuNjb miyfpd;w Fapypd; ,sq;FQ;Rk; vd; capiu tpOq;Ftjhy; ehd; kpfTk;
tUe;JfpNwd;.
vd; epiyia NkU kiyapYk; fapyha kiyapYk;> nghjpakiyapYk; jq;fp tho;gtUk;> mur Fkhupahfpa jlhjifg;
gpuhl;bapd;fztUkhfpa kJiuapy; vOe;jUsp cs;s NrhkRe;jug; ngUkhdplk; nrd;W Gfy;thP f
; shf! vd;W jiytp
Nkfj;jplk; J}J nkhopfis nkhope;jhs;.
4.
ngUkhs; ciw jpUNtq;flg;gjp Fwpj;Jg; gps;is ngUkhs; Iaq;fhh; $Wtd ahit?

jpUg;ghw;fliy kiyNghd;w jk; iffshy; file;J> mKjj;ij vLj;Jj; Njth;fSf;Ff; nfhLj;j ngUik
kpf;f jpUkhy; vOe;jUsp tho;fpd;w kiy jpUNtq;fl kiyahFk;. gpiwr;re;jpuidj; jiyapy; #ba rptngUkhDk;
kdk; Fspuf; fhZk; kiy. gpuk;kDk;> ,e;jpuDk; Ntjq;fis Muha;fpd;w Kdpth;fSk; Kg;gJ Kf;Nfhbj; Njth;fSk;
jk; fz;fshy; fz;L jhprpf;Fk; kiy. ,th;fs; midtUk; fhiy> khiy Mfpa ,U NtisfspYk; jk; mwpTf;Fs;
Njf;fp itj;Jg; Nghw;Wfpd;w rpwe;j kiy jpUNtq;flkiy MFk;.
5.
gps;isg; ngUkhs; Iaq;fhh; gw;wpf; Fwpg;G vOJf.

ngah;
:
gps;isg;ngUkhs; Iaq;fhh;
gpwe;j Ch;
:
Nrho ehl;bYs;s jpUkq;if
rkak;
:
itztk;
fhyk;
:
fp.gp 17 Mk; E}w;whz;L
rpwg;G ngah;fs;
:
jpt;tpaftp
mofpa kzthsjhrh; nja;tf; ftpQh;
,aw;wpait
:
vl;L E}y;fspd; njhFjpiaf; nfhz;l m\;lg;gpuge;jk;
Mw;wpa gzpfs;
:
kJiu jpUkiy ehaf;f kd;dhpd; mitapy; mYtyh;; gpd;dh; ,iwj; njhz;by; jk;ik
<LgLj;jpf; nfhz;lhh;. cah;itg; Gyg;gLj;Jk; gonkhop.
m\;lgpuge;jk; fw;wtd; miug; gz;bjd;
nrhy; - nghUs; - njhil- eil Nehf;Ff; nfhz;L> ,th;jk; ghly;fs; xsph;fpd;wd.
25
1.
2.
3.
4.
topghl;Lg; ghly;fs; (ngUtpdh)

ehapNdd; kwe;J vz;zpidf;NfNd vd;W Re;juh; cUFkhw;wpid tpsf;Ff.
fw;gf kuk; Nghd;wts;
Ntz;Lgth;fF
; Ntz;batw;iw toq;Fk; fw;gfj; jUtpidg;
Nghd;wtd; rptngUkhd;
fdfkhy;tiu
nghd;kakhd fapyha kiyiag; Nghd;wtd;
fhkNfhgd;
jd; jtj;jpw;F ,ilA+W tpistpj;j fhkd; kPJ Nfhgk; nfhz;L new;wpf; fz;zhy;
vhpj;jtd;
fz; Ejyhd;
new;wpapy; jPgn
; ghwp gwf;Fk; new;wpf; fz;iz cilatd;> rptngUkhd;.
Nrhjp tbthdtd;
nrhy;Yk; nrhw;fspd; nghUs;top Vw;gLk; mf ,Ushfpa Mzt kyj;jpidg; Nghf;fp>
njsptpid mUSk; J}a;ikahd Nrhjp tbthdtd;.
mbadha;
jpUntz;nza; ey;Y}hpy; Xh;mbik xiyiaf; fhl;b
Ml;nfhz;l
; td;
vd;id (Re;juiu) mbik nfhz;ltd;> rptngUkhd;
ew;gjj;jhd;
mbath;fSf;F mUs;GhpAk; jpUg;ghjq;fis cilatd; rptngUkhd;
es;shw;whd;
jpUes;shW vd;Dk; gjpapy; vOe;jUsp ,Ug;gtd;
mKjhdtd;
mKjk; Nghy; vd; caphpy; fye;J ,dpg;gtd; rptngUkhd;.
,j;jifa rpwg;Gfis cila rptngUkhid kwe;J> eha; Nghd;w mbatdhfpa ehd; NtW vd;d epidg;Ngd;?
xd;iwAk; epidf;f khl;Nld; vd;W Re;juh; kdk; cUFfpwhh;.
FyNrfu Mo;thh; Ntz;LtJk; Ntz;lhjJk; ahit?
FyNrfu Mo;thh; Ntz;LtJ
Njdhh;G+Q; Nrhiyj; jpUNtq; flr; Risapy;
kPdhw;g; gpwf;Fk; tpjpAilNa dhNtNd
Njd; rpe;Jk ; kyh; Nrhiyfis cila
jpUNtq;flk; vd;Dk; jpUkiyapy; cs;sePh; epiwe;j
Ridfspy; kPdha;g; gpwf;Fk; ew;Ngw;wpidNa ehd;
tpUk;GfpNwd; vd;W FyNrfu Mo;thh;
Ntz;Lfpwhh;.
FyNrfu Mo;thh; Ntz;lhjJ

Mdhj nry;tj; juk;igah;fs; jw;#o
thdhSQ; nry;tKk; kz;zuRk; ahd; Ntz;Nld;
Fiwtw;w moF kpf;f thDyf eld
khjh;fshfpa muk;igah;fs; vd;idr;
Rw;wp FOkpaUf;f ,e;jpuNyhfj;ij
MSk; tha;gG
; k; xUNru vdf;Ff;
fpilg;gjhf ,Ue;jhYk; mtw;iw ehd;
tpUk;g khl;Nld; vd;W FyNrfu Mo;thh; $Wfpwhh;
rpYitapy; ghpj;jpahfk; nra;j ngUkhidf; fpU\;zg;gps;is vt;thW mQ;ryp nra;fpwhh;?
,NaR gpuhd;> fd;dpj;jd;ik mopahj khpahspd; kfdhf ,t;Tyfpy; Njhd;wpdhh;. epiyngw;w mopahj
,t;Tyfj;jpy; thOk; Nfhbf;fzf;fhd caph;fs; midj;Jk; tPLNgw;wpid milAk; nghUl;Lj; mj;jifa
,uf;fKs;s topgL flTshfpa ,NaR ngUkhid> ek; ,UiffisAk; jiyNky; J}f;fp $g;gpj; njhOJ
tzq;FNthk; vd; W rpYitapy; ghpj;jpahfk; nra;j ,NaR ngUkhidf; fpU\;zg;gps;is mQ;ryp
nra;fpwhh;.
mwpth;fF
; k; mwptdhfpa mUfNjtid ePyNfrp topg;gl;lik vt;thW?
mwpQh;fSf;nfy;yhk; rpwe;j mwpQdha; ,Uf;Fk; mUfNjtNd !
eP mhpaizapy;mUs;newpNahL mkh;ej
; pUg;gha;.
xsptPRk; ntz;ikahd fthpiaf; ifapy; Ve;jp> fe;jUth; cd; ,Ugf;fq;fspYk; epd;W> fthpfis
mirg;gh;. MNyhfk;> gpugh%h;j;jp> fdg;gpuia Mfpa %d;W jpUnthsp epoy; jUk; kz;byq;fs; xsptPrpf;
nfhz;bUf;Fk;. jpq;fisg; Nghd;w tl;ltbtkhd Kf;Filfs; jiyf;F Nky; ftpo;eJ
; epoy;jUk; Njth;$l;lkhfpa
ey;y mitapdh; Nfl;L njsptilAk; gb> %d;W Mfkq;fisj; jpUtha; kyh;e;J mUspdha; ! MfNt ! epd;
kyubfisg; gzpfpNwd; vd;W mUfNjtid ePyNfrp topgl;lhh;.
~~~~~~~~
26

12 Tamil Poet

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

12 Tamil Poet

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Tsd Lpj \

nra;As; - rpWtpdh - njhFg;G

fk;ghpd; ngUikiar; Rl;Lk; njhlh;fisf; $Wf.

fk;gh; ,aw;wpa NtW E}y;fs; ahit?

jkpourp FwtQ;rpapy; ghl;Lilj; jiytDk; jiytpAk; ahth;?

jkpourp FwtQ;rp ahh; Ntz;LNfhSf;F ,zq;f ,aw;wg; ngw;wJ?

ehk; thbajw;Ff; fhuzk; vd;d?

jkpourp FwtQ;rpapd; muq;Nfw;wk; gw;wpf; $Wf.

ehkf;fy; ftpQiu khepy muRk;, eLtzuRk; vt;thW ngUikg;gLj;jpd?

ehkf;fy; ftpQh; rpiw nry;yf; fhuzk; vd;d?

ehNlWk; vjidg; ghLjy; Ntz;Lk;?

ehk; J}q;fpf; fple;jjhy; epfo;ej

,j;jpdk; Kjy; ehk; vt;ntz;zj;ijf; nfhs;sy; Ntz;Lk;?

vl;Lj; njhif E}y;fs; ahit?

GwehD}w;why; mwpag;gLk; nra;jpfs; ahit?

nghJtpay; jpizia tpsf;Ff.

nghUz;nkhopf; fhQ;rp vd;Dk; Jiwia tpsf;Ff.

ntsthypd; Njhw;wj;ijf; $Wf.

mfehD}W vj;jid gFjpfshf cs;sJ? vOJf.

mfehD}w;Wg; ghly;fspd; jpiz mikg;G Kiwia tpsf;Ff.

,ul;ilf; fhg;gpaq;fs; ahit?

rpyg;gjpfhuk; -ngah;fhuzk; jUf.

rpyg;gjpfhuk; - E}y; mikg;ig vOJf.

kzkfspd; $e;jiyg; Nghy kze;jJ vJ?

rpyg;gjpfhuk; $Wk; %d;W cz;ikfs; ahit?

rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpw;F ciunaOjpa ngUkf;fs; ahth;?

Re;jufhz;lk; vd;W ngah; tuf; fhuzk; ahJ?

mDkd; ,uhkid va;jpaJk; nra;j nray; ahH?

,uhkd; Fwpg;ghy; czh;ej

fz;lndd; vd;W mDkd; $wpait ahit?

caph; je;J <Ak; kUe;njhj;jJ vd;W mDkd; Fwpg;gpl;ljd; nghUs; ahJ?

Mj;jhf; fpotp ahh;?

fjph;ehl;L murd; murpahh; ngah;fis vOJf.

jkpof muR ghujpjhridg; Nghw;wpAs;sik ahq;qdk;?

md;dk; Ntyidg; gw;wp tpdhtpaJ ahJ?

Njk;ghtzp - nghUs; $Wf.

fpwpj;Jt rkaj;jhhpd; fiyf; fsQ;rpak; vd;W Nghw;wg; ngWk; E}y; vJ?

Njk;ghtzp vj;jid fhz;lq;fis cilaJ?

Njk;ghtzp E}ypd; ghl;Lilj; jiyth; ahh;?

tPukhKdpth; ,aw;ngah; ahJ?

tsd; vd;w nrhy;ypd; nghUis tpsf;Ff.

ANjah ehl;by; gifnfhz;L epd;w ,dj;jhh; ahth;?

cyh vd;gjd; nghUis tpsf;Ff.

Kf;$lypy; $Lk; MWfs; ahit?

ghlg;gLtjhy; fyk;gfk; vdg; ngah; ngw;wJ.

Njthu %th; ahth;?

3. rk;ge;jh; MfpNahh; Njthu %th; Mth;.

Re;juh; Njthuk; ve;j jpUKiwapy; itf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ?

Re;juu; vOjpa kw;nwhU E}y; vJ?

ePyNfrpapd; NtW ngah; ahJ?

fpwpj;Jtf; fk;gh; vd;W miof;fg;gLgth; ahh;? vr;. V. fpU\;zg;gps;is Mthh;.

Re;juh; jk;gpuhd; Njhoh; vd;W miof;fg;glf; fhuzk; ahJ?

fk;gh; fhyj;jpy; tho;ej

cj;ju fhz;lj;ijg; ghbath; xl;lf; $j;jh; .

nghUj;Jf & nkhopg;gapw;rp

,yf;f zf; F wpg; G

ty;ypd nka;fis ePf;fp vOJ.

tpidj;njhif (fhyk; fue;j nganur;rk;)

cUtfk; (nghUs; Kd;Dk; ctik gpd;Dk; tUk;)

,iwQ;R - gFjp , - tpidnar;r gFjp

fhz;gd; - fhz;+ g; + md;

2. ghlypd; Mrphpah; Xjyhe;ijahh;

my;yJ nra;j Nyhk;Gkp dJ jhd;

nghJtpay; jpizia tpsf;Ff.