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Heat Conduction
Heat Conduction
1. Abstract
The objective of this experiment is to study the conduction of heat along a composite bar
and to evaluate the overall heat transfer coefficient. This experiment focus on the heat
conduction for the cylindrical metal bar arrangement. The experimental overall heat
transfer coefficient will be compared to the overall heat transfer coefficient calculated.
2. Introduction
Thermal conduction is the transfer of heat energy in a material due to the temperature gradient
within it. It always takes place from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower
temperature. A solid is chosen for the experiment of pure conduction because both liquids and
gasses exhibit excessive convective heat transfer. For practical situation, heat conduction
occurs in three dimensions, a complexity which often requires extensive computation to
analyze. For experiment, a single dimensional approach is required to demonstrate the basic
law that relates rate of heat flow to temperature gradient and area.
Q
A(THS TCS )
The values calculated is then compared to the value calculated using the thermal
geometry equation:
4. Data Analysis
Wattmeter, THS
Q (watts)
(0C)
6
9
12
42.9
56.3
70.6
1 XH XS XC
U K H KS KC
T1
( C)
T2
(0C)
T3
(0C)
T7
(0C)
T8
(0C)
T9
(0C)
TCS
( C)
U
(W/m2K)
43.5
55.9
70.2
43.7
55.5
68.7
44.1
56.3
69.8
29.4
29.6
30.1
29.4
29.6
29.9
29.1
29.2
29.6
28.8
28.8
29.1
866.89
666.71
589.07
1 XH XS XC
U K H K S KC
0.04m
1
U 117W/mK
0.03m
25W/mK
U = 530.85 W/m K
0.04m
117W/mK
5. Discussion
Based on the graph, it shows that when the input power, Q (watt) increase, the overall
heat transfer coefficient, U (W/m2K) will decrease. When calculating the heat transfer
coefficient using the thermal geometry equation, the thermal conductivity, K used is
for the Brass (60% Copper and 40% Zinc) is 117W/mK and the stainless steel is
25W/mK.
When compared the U calculated using U
Q
based on the experimental
A(T HS TCS )
1 XH XS XC
, there are
U K H K S KC
differences between the values. This may because the theoretical U take account only
the distance and thermal conductivity without considering the input power and
temperature.
6. Conclusion
Varying the input power will affect the heat transfer coefficient. When the input power, Q
(watt) increases, the overall heat transfer coefficient, U (W/m2K) will decrease. There
will be difference between U calculated from the experiment and U calculated
theoretically because of the difference in variables (input power, area, temperature,
distance and thermal conductivity) used.