จำนวนเชิงซ้อน PDF

- 57 www.focus-physics.
com
1.5
z a bi
y
z a bi
a,b
r z
(absolute value , modulus , norm ) z z r

z a 2 b2 r
(argument) z oz x
arg( z) z
arg(z) , 2k k
z a bi z r(cos isin )

sin 90 1
cos 90 0
tan 90
sin180 0
sin 0 0
cos180 1
cos 0 1
tan180 0
tan 0 0
sin 270 1
cos 270 0
tan 270
- 58 -
www.focus-physics.com
z a bi z r(cos isin )
1. z a bi z r a 2 b 2
2. tan
b
a
3. z a bi
4. z r(cos isin )
1. z 8
z 8
r 82 02 8
b
a
0
8
tan 0
z 8 8 cos 0 isin 0
2 . z 8
z 8
r 8 02 8
2
b
a
tan
0
0
8
180
z 8 8 cos180 isin180
3 . z 3i
z 3i
r 32 02 3
3
0
tan
90
3i 3 cos90 i sin 90
4 . z 3i
z 3i
r 32 02 3
- 59 -
3

270
0
3i 3 cos 270 i sin 270
tan
5 . 2 2i
z 2 2i
r 22 22 2 2
2
2
tan 1
45
2 2i 2 2 cos 45 isin 45
6 . 4 4 3i
z 4 4 3i
r (4) 2 (4 3) 2 8
4 3
3
60
4
4 4 3i 3
tan
180 60 240
4 4 3i 8 cos 240 i sin 240
Trick!! sin cos

sin cos ( i sin
cos)
1
3
i cos i sin cos ,sin

2 2
3
3
3 2
3
2
1
1
7
7
7
1
7
1
cos ,sin
i cos
i sin
4
4
4
4
2
2
2
2
3 3i
z 3 3i
3(1 3i)
z
1
3
3(
i)
2
2 2
z
5
5
3(cos
i sin )
2
3
3
5
5
z 2 3(cos
i sin )
3
3
- 60 www.focus-physics.com

.(cos + isin) ( )
1 . z

1
z2
z 3
zi
z 5i

z 2 cos 0 i sin 0
z 3 cos180 isin180
z 1 cos90 isin 90
z 5 cos 270 i sin 270
1
3
i
2 2
z 2 2i
z 3 i
8
9
z 4 4i
z 1 cos 60 isin 60
z 2 cos 45 i sin 45
z 2 cos150 isin150
z 3 3 3i
z 6 cos300 i sin 300
z 2 5[cos(
) i sin(
12
z1 , z 2 a bi
1)
z1 4[cos
4 cos
2)
12
)]
i sin ]
3
3
4i sin
1
3
4( ) 4i( )
2
2
2 2 3i
z 2 5[cos( ) i sin( )]
12
12
5cos( ) 5i sin( )
12
12
1
1
3
4
z 4 2 cos 2250 i sin 2250
2 . z1 4[cos i sin ]
5[
5
[
4
5
z2 [
4
- 61 -
6 2
6 2
] 5 i[
]
4
4
5
6 2 ] [ 6 2 ]i
4
5
6 2 ] [ 6 2 ]i
4
1. a bi
2
2
i sin
]
3
3
2. z 3[cos0 isin 0]
1. z 12[cos
3. z 2[cos 270 i sin 270 ]

4. z 8[cos135 i sin135 ]
5 . z 2[cos i sin ]
6 6 3i
3
2i
4 2 4 2i
3i
2. a bi
(1) z 4[cos 45 i sin 45 ]
2 2 2 2i
(2) z 12[cos 30 i sin 30 ]
6 3 6i
(3) z 6[cos120 i sin120 ]
3 3 3i
(4) z 8[cos180 i sin180 ]
8
(5) z 3[cos 270 i sin 270 ]
3i
(6) z 10 2[cos 225 i sin 225 ]
10 10i
(7) z 2[cos 300 i sin 300 ]
1 3i
(8) z 5[cos 360 i sin 360 ]
5
(9) z [cos135 i sin135 ]
(10) z 5[cos150 i sin150 ]
2
2
i
2
2
5 3 5
i

2
2

z1 r1 (cos 1 i sin 1 ) z 2 z 2 r2 (cos 2 i sin 2 )
z 2 0
1. z1z2 r1r2 cos 1 2 isin 1 2

2.
z1 r1
cos 1 2 sin 1 2

z 2 r2
3.
- 62 -
1 1
cos 2 sin 2
z 2 r2
4. z1 r1 cos 1 isin 1
5. z1n r1n cos n1 isin n1
z1 r1 (cos 1 i sin 1 )
1.
z 2 r2 (cos 2 i sin 2 )
1) z1z 2
2) z12
3)
z1
z2
1) z1z 2 r1 (cos 1 i sin 1 )r2 (cos 2 i sin 2 )

r1r2 [(cos 1 cos 2 sin 1 sin 2 ) i(sin 1 cos 2 cos 1 sin 2 )]
r1r2 [cos(1 2 ) i sin(1 2 )]
z1z 2 r1r2 [cos(1 2 ) i sin(1 2 )]

2) z12 z1z1
r1 (cos 1 i sin 1 )r1 (cos 1 i sin 1 )
r1r1[cos(1 1 ) i sin(1 1 )]
r12 [cos 21 i sin 21 ]
z12 r12 [cos 21 i sin 21 ]

3)
z1 r1 (cos 1 i sin 1 )
z 2 r2 (cos 2 i sin 2 )
r1 (cos1 i sin 1 ) (cos 2 i sin 2)

.
r2 (cos 2 i sin 2 ) (cos 2 i sin 2 )
r1 (cos1 cos 2 sin 1 sin 2 ) (sin 1 cos 2 sin 2 cos1 )
r2
cos2 2 sin 2 2
r
1 cos(1 2 ) i sin(1 2 )
r2
z
r
1 1 cos(1 2 ) i sin(1 2 )
z 2 r2
- 63 -
2. z1 3[cos i sin ]
z 2 4[cos
i sin ]
6
6
z1z 2 a bi
z1z 2 3[cos
i sin ] 4[cos i sin ]

3
3
6
6
12[cos(
12[cos
) i sin( )]
3 6
3 6
i sin ]
2
2
120 i
12i
z1z 2 12i
0 12i
3. z1 2[cos i sin ]
6
6
z1
a bi
z2
z 2 [cos
2[cos i sin ]
z1
6
6
z2
[cos i sin ]
4
4

2[cos( ) i sin( )]
6 4
6 4
2[cos( ) i sin( )]
4
4
2[cos i sin ]
4
4
z1
2[cos i sin ]
z2
4
4
z
1
1
1 2[ i]
z2
2
2
2
2
i
2
2
z
1 2 2i a bi
z2
4.
i sin ]
4
4
z 10(cos45 isin45 ) z 2(cos15 isin15 )

1
2
1. z z
1 2
1.
z1z2
- 64 -
z
2. 1
a+bi
10 2[cos(45
z2
15 ) isin( 45 15
a+bi
)]
20(cos60 isin60 )
20 1 3 i
2
2
10 10 3i
10
[cos(45 15 ) isin(45
2
5(cos30 isin30 )
3 1
5
i
2
2
5 3 5i
2 2
2.
z1
z2
15
)]
5 .
2 3 cos 330 i sin 330 4 cos 240 i sin 240
a bi
z1 2 3 cos 330 i sin 330 , z 2 4 cos 240 i sin 240

z1z2 2 3 4 cos 330 240 isin 330 240
z1z 2 8 3 cos570 i sin 570
z1z 2 8 3 cos30 isin 30
z1z 2 8 3 cos570 i sin 570
3 1
z1z 2 8 3
i
2 2
z1z2 12 4 3i
- 65 -
2(cos 30 i sin 30 )
a bi
8(cos 240 i sin 240 )
z1 2(cos 30 i sin 30 ) z 2 8(cos 240 i sin 240 )
z1 2
cos 30 240 i sin 30 240

z2 8
z1 1
cos 210 i sin 210
z2 4
z1 1
cos 210 i sin 210
z2 4
z1 1 3 1

i
z2 4 2 2
z1 1
3 i
z2 8
z1 1 i 2 cos i sin
4
4
z 2 3 i 2 cos i sin
6
6
5
5
z1z 2 2 cos i sin 2 cos i sin = 2 2 cos

i sin
6
6
12
12
4
4
2 cos i sin
2
z1
4
= 4
= cos i sin
2
12
12
z2
2 cos i sin
6
6
z1
2 3 1
3 1
3 1
3 1
i
i

2 2 2
4
4
z2
2 2
7.
1. a + bi
1. [3(cos15+i sin15)].[2(cos75+i sin 75)]
2. [4(cos 40+i sin 40)].[5(cos 20+i sin 20)]
3. [2(cos100+i sin100)].[4(cos50+i sin 50)]
4. [6(cos 25+i sin 25)].[2(cos 290+i sin 290)]
5. [9(cos175+i sin175)].[3(cos 275+i sin 275)]
6. [7(cos130 + i sin130)].[2(cos 95 + i sin 95)]
7. [20(cos83+i sin83)][5(cos 23+i sin 23)]
6i
10 10 3i
4 3 4i
6 2 6 2i
27i
7 2 7 2i
2 2 3i
8.
3 cos190 i sin190
- 66 -
6 3 cos 40 i sin 40
9.
3 3i
12 cos16 i sin16
6 cos106
i sin106
2i
3 cos 268 i sin 268

4 cos 266 i sin 266
11.
2 cos86 i sin 86
21 cos 33 i sin 33
12.
3 cos 93 i sin 93
10.
9 cos 313 i sin 313
3 2 3 2
i
2
2
7 7 3
i
2
2
arg z1z2 arg z1 arg z2

z
arg 1 arg z1 arg z 2
z2
1.
z2 z2 5
z
z1 10 10i z2 5 arg 2
z 2
z1 3
z1 10 10i arg z1
4
z
arg 2 arg z 2 arg z1
z1
arg z 2
3
4
7
3 4 12
z2 r cos isin
arg z 2
7
7
z 2 5 cos
i sin
12
12
- 67 -
z
z 2
z1 3 i z1z2 9 arg 2
z1 6
2
2
z1
3 1 2
arg z1
z1 3 i
6
z1z2 9
z1 z2 9
1.
z1 z2 9
2 z2 9
9
z2
2
z
arg 2 arg z 2 arg z1
z1
arg z 2
6
6
arg z 2
6 6 3
z2 r cos isin
z 2 cos i sin
2
3
3
4
z 2
3
2
arg z1
3
1. z1 2 2 3i z2 3 z1z2 arg z1z 2

2
z1 2 2 3i
z1
2 3
z2 3 z1z2
2
z 2 3 z1 z 2
2
z 2 3 z1 z 2
2
z2 3 z1
z2 3 4 12
arg z1z2 arg z1 arg z 2
- 68 -
4 2
arg z 2
3
3
4 2 2
arg z 2
3
3
3
z2 r cos isin
2
2
z 2 12 cos
i sin
3
3
z
1. z1 1 3i z2 10 arg 1 z 2
z2 3
z1 1 3i
z2 z2 5
z1
z1 10 10i
arg z1
arg z1
z
arg 1 arg z1 arg z 2
z2

arg z 2
3 3
arg z2 0
z2 r cos isin
z2 10 cos0 isin 0
1. z1 4 2i z 2 9 3i arg z1 arg z2
arg z1 arg z2 arg z1z2
arg 4 2i 9 3i
arg 30 30i
1.4
n z zn

(de Moivres theorem)
z
z r(cos isin )
n
- 69 -
zn r n cos(n ) isin(n )

1
1
z n r n cos( n ) i sin( n ) n cos(n ) i sin(n )
n
z
r
1.
z 2[cos
z 2[cos
i sin ]
3
3
z6
i sin ]
3
3
z 6 26 [cos(6 ) i sin(6 )]
3
3
64[cos 2 isin 2 ]
64[1 0i]
64
5
5
i sin ] z4 a bi
6
6
5
5
z 2[cos
i sin ]
6
6
5
5
z 4 24 [cos 4 ) i sin 4 )]
6
6
5
5
16[cos 4 ) i sin 4 )]
6
6
1
3
16[( ) i( )]
2
2
4
z 8 8 3i
z 2[cos
2.
3 . z 1 i
z7 a bi
z 1 i
r z (1)2 12 2
b 1
1
a 1
arctan(1)
(1,1) 2
tan
Arg(z)
3
4
z 1 i 2[cos
3
3
i sin ]
4
4
- 70 -
3
3
) i sin(7 )]
4
4
1
1
8 2[( ) i(
)]
2
2
z 7 (1 i)7 ( 2)7 [cos(7
8 8i
z 1 3i
4 .
z10 a bi
z 1 3i
r z 12 ( 3) 2 4 2
3
3
1
arctan( 3)
tan
(1, 3i) 1
Arg(z)
z 1 3i 2[cos
i sin ]
3
3
z 10 (1 3i)10 210 [cos(10 ) i sin(10 )]

1
10
10
[cos(
) i sin(
)]
10
2
3
3
1
10
10
10 [cos(
) i sin(
)]
2
3
3
1
1
3
10 [ i( )]
2
2
2
1
3
i
2048 2048
5. z1 2 cos 20 i sin 20
z16 z25
z16 26 cos 6 20 i sin 6 20

z16 26 cos120 isin120
1
3
z16 64
i
2 2
z16 32 32 3i
, z 2 2 cos 45 isin 45
2 cos 5 45 isin 5 45
2 cos 5 45 isin 5 45
5
z52
z52
- 71 -
z52 4 2 cos 225 isin 225
1
1
z 52 4 2
i
2
2
z52 4 4i
6 (1 i) 4 x+yi
r(cos+isin)
1+i
r ( 1)2 12 2
tan 1 1
1
3 (1, 1) 2

4 4
3
3
1 i 2 cos isin
4
4
4
3
3

4
( 1 i) 2 cos isin
4
4

3 isin(4) 3
( 2 )4 cos(4)
4
4
4(cos3 isin3)
4(cos isin)
4(10i)
4
7 a bi
1. 1 3i
2.
2 2i
1 3i 2 cos1200 isin1200
1 3i
2 cos1200 isin1200
= 32(cos 600o + i sin 600o)
20
2 2i 2 cos 45 isin 45
2 2i
20
220 cos 20 45 isin 20 45
16 16 3i
2i
- 72 -
2 2i
20
220 cos900 isin 900
20
220 1 0i 220
10
3i
3.
3 i
3 i 2 cos300 isin 300
3 i 2 cos3300 isin 3300
10
2 cos 300 i sin 30
3 i

0
0
2 cos 330 i sin 330
3 i
cos 30000 isin 3000
10
1
3

i
2 2
5
1 3i 1 i 15
4.

1 3i 1 i
1 i
1 3i
1
3
i

i
1 i
2 2
1 3i
5
1 3i 1 i 15 1
3
15

i i

1
i
2
2
1 3i
cos120 i sin120
i
i sin 600 i
cos 600
1
3

i i
2
2
5. cos10 i sin10
3 1
i
2 2
cos10
i sin10
cos 60 isin 60
cos 60 isin 60
6. cos15 i sin15
1
3
i
2 2
cos15
i sin15
cos 45 i sin 45
- 73 -
2
2
i
2
2
7. 4 cos12 isin12
10
10
4 cos12 isin12 410 cos120 isin120
1
3
410
i
2
2
219 219 3i
8.
3 3 cos 20 isin 20 9
2 cos50 isin 50
3 3 cos 20 isin 20 9
2 cos50 isin 50
13
3 cos180 isin180
6
12
2 cos300 isin 300

8 cos300 isin 300

27
cos 120 i sin 120
8
27 cos180 isin180
27
cos120 i sin120
8
9. 2 cos 75 isin 75
27 27 3
i
16 16
10. 3 cos30 i sin 30
2 cos 75 i sin 75 22 cos150 i sin150
3 1
4
i
2 2
3 cos30 i sin 30 33 cos90 i sin 90
27 0 i
11. 2 cos36 i sin 36
- 74 -
2 cos36 i sin 36
2 cos180
5
i sin1800
12. 4 cos 20 isin 20
2 1 0i
5
4 cos 200 i sin 200 43 cos 600 i sin 600
1
3
43
i
2 2
12

13. 2 cos i sin
3
3

12

12
12
12
2 cos 3 i sin 3 2 cos 3 i sin 3

12
2 cos 4 isin 4
212 1 0i
3
3
14. 2 cos( ) i sin( )
4
4

10

3
3
2 cos( 4 ) i sin( 4 )
10
30
30
210 cos(
) i sin(
)
4
4
15
15
210 cos(
) i sin(
)
2
2
15. cos 6 i sin 6
210 0 i
30
cos 6
i sin 6
30

i sin 180
cos 6 i sin 6
cos180
cos180 isin180
30
16. cos12 i sin12
- 75 -
1 0i
5
cos12
isin12
cos 12 isin 12
cos 60 isin 60
cos 60 isin 60
cos 60 isin 60
1
3

i
2 2
17.
cos 24
1
i sin 24
cos 24
1
i sin 24
cos 24 i sin 24
cos 24 i sin 24
cos120 isin120
1
3

i
2 2
18.
cos120
1
i sin120
cos120
1
i sin120
cos120 i sin120
cos 120 i sin 120
cos 720 i sin 720

1 0i
19.
(1 i) 6
- 76 -
1 i

2 cos i sin
4
4

6
2 cos 6 i sin 6
4
4
3
3
8 cos
i sin
2
2
8i
8. z 1 3i z11
1.
1
2.2
3. 3
a 1 , b 3
z 1 3i
r
a 2 b2
4.4
(1)2 ( 3)2 2
tan 1 tan 1 ( 3) 120

a

z r(cos isin )
z 2(cos120 i sin120 )
z11 211 (cos(11120 ) isin(11120 )

211 (cos1320 i sin1320 )
211 cos(1080 240 ) isin(1080 240 )
z11 3
240 3
9. z1 cos 20 i sin 20 , z 2 cos 34 i sin 34

(z1z 2 )10
1.1
2.i
3. -i
4.
-1
z1 cos 20 i sin 20 1(cos 20 i sin 20 )
z10
110 cos(10 20 ) isin(10 20 )
1
cos 200 i sin 200
z 2 cos 34 i sin 34 1(cos 34 i sin 34 )
z10
(1)10 cos(10 34 ) isin(10 34 )
2
cos 340 i sin 340
(z1z 2 )10
(z110 )(z10
2 )
(cos 200 i sin 200 )(cos 340 i sin 340 )
- 77 -
cos(200 340 ) i sin(200 340 )

cos 540 i sin 540
cos180 i sin180
1 3i
10.
1 i
1 i
1. 32 + 32 i
2. -32 + 32 i
3. -32 -32 i
4. 32 -32 i
z1 1 3 , z1 12 3 2
3
3
3
1
Z1 2 cos i sin
3
3
6
6
Z16 26 cos
i sin
64 cos 2 i sin 2
3
3
tan
(1 3)6 64(1 0i) 64
(1 i)3 13 3i 3i 2 i3
1 3i 3 (i) 2 2i
(1 i)4 ((1 i)2 )2

(1 2i i 2 )2 4i 2 4
1 3i
1 i
6
1 i
(64)(2 2i)
16(2 2i) 32 32i
4
11 . 1 3 i
100
Z 1 3 i

Z 2 cos150 i sin150
Z100 2100 cos150 100 isin150 100

2100 cos15000 i sin15000
2100 cos 240 isin 240
4.
2100 cos 180 60 i sin 180 60
- 78 -
2100 cos 60 isin 60

1
3
2100
i
2
2
100
2
1 3 i 299 1 3 i
2
1
2 cos
z
1
z 2i sin
z
i.e.
i.e.
1
1
cos z
2
z
1
1
sin z
2i
z
(1)
(2)
Likewise, we also get from de Moivres theorem that

zn cos n isin n and z n cos n isin n .
Therefore:
1
2 cos n
zn
1
z n n 2i sin n
z
(3)
zn
(4)
You need to learn the results numbered (1), (2), (3) and (4).
(3) (4)
zn cos n isin n ..... 1

zn cos n isin n ..... 2
1 2
zn zn 2cos n
zn
1 2
zn zn 2isin n
zn
1
2 cos n
zn
1
2i sin n
zn
- 79 -
1. x
1. 2
2. 1
1
x
x 2
1
1
2 x 2544 2544
x
x
3. 0
4. 3
1
z
z 2 cos
2 2cos cos
45
2
4
x 2544
2544
x
1
z n n 2 cos n
z
1
2544
x 2544 2544 2 cos
x
4
1
x 2544 2544 2 cos 636
x
1
x 2544 2544 2 1 2
x
1
1
2 . x x 3 x 2538 2538
x
x
1. 2
2. 1
3. 0
4. 3
1
x
1
z 2 cos
z
x 3
3 2 cos cos
x 2538
30
2
6
1
2538
x
1
z n n 2 cos n
z
1
2538
x 2538 2538 2 cos
x
6
1
x 2538 2538 2 cos 423
x
1
x 2538 2538 2 1 2
x
- 80 -
3. x
1. 2
2. 1
1
1
2i x 2544 2544
x
x
3. 0
4. 3
1
x
x 2i
1
z
z 2i sin
2i 2i sin sin
x 2544
45
2
4
1
2544
x
1
z n n 2i sin n
z
1
2544
x 2544 2544 2i sin
x
4
1
x 2544 2544 2i sin 636
x
1
x 2544 2544 2 0 0
x
4. x
1. 2
2. 1
1
2i
x
3. 0
x 2555
1
x
2555
4. 2i
1
x
x 2i
1
z
z 2i sin
2i 2i sin sin 1 90
x 2555
1
2555
x
1
z n n 2i sin n
z
1
2555
x 2555 2555 2i sin
x
2
1
x 2555 2555 2i 1 2i
x
- 81 -
5 x
1
1
2 x 2555 2555
x
x
1. 2
2. 2
3. 0
4. 3
1
x
x 2
1
z
z 2 cos
2
45
2
4
2 2cos cos
x 2555
1
2555
x
1
z n n 2 cos n
z
1
2555
x 2555 2555 2 cos
x
4
1
x 2555 2555 2cos 639

x
4
1
2
x 2555 2555 2
2
x
2
1
x
1. x x 2 x 2548
1. 2
2. 1
3. 0
1
x
2. 1
3. 0
1
x
2. 1
3. 0
1
x
2. i
3. 0
1
x
1
x
2555
1
x
2560
4. 3
4. x x i x 2555
1. i
4. 3
3. x x 1 x 2560
1. 2
4. 3
2. x x 3 x 2555
1. 2
2548
2555
x
4. 3i
5. x x 3i x 2555
1
x
2555
1. 2
2. 1
- 82 3. 0
1
x

4. 3i
6. x x i x 2560
1. 2
2. 1
3. 0
1
2560
x
4. 3i
1.6 n
x z n
x n z x n z
z r cos isin n z
2k
x n r cos
n

2k
i sin
k 0,1, 2,..., n 1
n z
1) z
2) 2k
k = 0, 1, 2, , n1
3)
n z
n
r cos 2k isin 2k
n
n
k = 0, 1, 2, , n1
4) n n r
z 81
1
4
z 81 cos 0 i sin 0
0 2k
4
z z k 4 81 cos
k 0,1, 2,3
0 2k
i sin
z0 3cos0 isin 0 31 0 3
z1 3 cos i sin 3 0 i 3i
2
2
z2 3cos isin 3 1 0 3
- 83 -
3
3
z3 3 cos
i sin 3 0 i 3i
2
2
2. 4 16
z 16 16 0i

r z 162 02 16
z 16 cos 0 isin 0
0 2k
x 4 16 cos
4

0,1, 2,3
0 2k
i sin
4
k
k 0 x 2 cos 0 i sin 0
k 1 x 2 cos90 i sin 90
k 3
2 1 i 0 2
2 0 i 1 2i
x 2 cos180 i sin180 2 1 i 0 2
x 2 cos 270 isin 270 2 0 i 1 2i
k 2
3 1
( z z3 1 z3 1 0
z 1 1 0i
r 1 0i (1)2 02 1
tan
0
0
1
(1,0) x
arg(1 0i)
arg(1 0i) 2k
1 1cos( 2k ) isin( 2k )
1
(1) 3 13 [cos(
2k
3
) i sin(
2k
k 0,1, 2
1
k 0 z0 13 [cos isin ]
3
1
3

i
2 2
)]
- 84 1
k 1 z1 13 [cos(
3
1 i(0)
) i sin(
2
3
)] [cos isin ]
1
1
3
k 2 z2 1 [cos(
4
3
) i sin(
5
5
i sin
3
3
1
3

i
2 2
1
3 1
3
3 1 1 , i , i
2 2
2 2
4.
4 8 8 3i
)]
cos
8 8 3i
r 8 8 3i (8)2 (8 3)2 16
8 3
3
8
(8,8 3i) 2
tan
2
3
2
arg( 8 8 3i)
3 2k
2
2
8 8 3i 16[cos(
2k ) i sin(
2k )]
3
3
1
1
2 6k
2 6k
(8 8 3i) 4 16 4 [cos(
) i sin(
)]
12
12
a rg(8 8 3i)
k 0,1, 2,3
1
k 0 z0 16 4 [cos i sin ]
3
1
i( )]
2
2
3 i
1
2
2
k 1 z1 16 4 [cos i sin ]
3
3
2[
- 85 -
1
3
2[( ) i( )]
2
2
1 3i
1
7
7
k 2 z 2 16 4 [cos i sin ]
6
6
3
1
2[( ) i( )]
2
2
3 i
1
5
5
k 3 z3 16 4 [cos i sin ]
3
3
1
3
2[( ) i( )]
2
2
1 3i
4 8 8 3i 3 i, 1 3i, 3 i,1 3i
5 z
z5 1
1 1 0i
r 1 0i 12 02 1
0
1
arg(0 1i) 0 2k
tan 0
(1, 0) x
1 1 0i 1[cos(0 2k ) isin(0 2k )]
1
15 (1 0i) 5 15 [cos(
k 0,1, 2,3, 4
0 2k
0 2k
) i sin(
)]
5
5
k 0 z0 1cos0 isin 0 1
2
2
2
2
i sin ] cos
i sin
5
5
5
5
4
4
4
4
k 2 z 2 1[cos i sin ] cos i sin
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
k 3 z3 1[cos i sin ] cos i sin
5
5
5
5
8
8
8
8
k 4 z 4 1[cos i sin ] cos i sin
5
5
5
5
k 1 z1 1[cos
5 1
1, cos
2
2
4
4
6
6
8
8
i sin
, cos
i sin
, cos
i sin
, cos
i sin
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
- 86
6. 3
z 1 3i
tan
1,
r z
b
3
3
a
1
2
120
z 2 cos120 i sin120
3
z
120 k360
120 k360
z k 3 2 cos
i sin
3
3
k 0,1, 2
z
z0 3 2 cos 40 i sin 40
z1 3 2 cos160 isin160
z 2 3 2 cos 280 isin 280
7. z
1. z 16i
z 16i 16 cos90 isin 90
z 16 cos 90 360 k i sin 90 360 k

2
2

k 0,1
K=0
90 360 0
90 360 0
z 0 16 cos
i sin

2
2
z0 4 cos 45 i sin 45 2 2 2 2i
K= 1
90 360 1
90 360 1
z1 16 cos
i sin

2
2
z1 4 cos 225 i sin 225 2 2 2 2i
2 16i
2 2 2 2i , 2 2 2 2
2. z 25i
z 25i 25 cos 270 i sin 270
z 25 cos 270 360 k i sin 270 360 k

2
2
k 0,1
K=0
- 87 -
270 360 0
270 360 0
z 0 25 cos
i sin

2
2
z0 5 cos135 i sin135
K= 1
5 2 5 2
i
2
2
270 360 1
270 360 1
z1 5 cos
i sin

2
2
2 -25i
1
2
3. z
5 2 5 2
i
2
2
2 2 2 2i , 2 2 2 2
z1 5 cos 3150 i sin 3150
3
i
2
1
2
60
z cos

3
i cos60 isin 60
2
60 360 k
360 k
i sin
2
2
k 0,1
z 0 cos 30 i sin 30
K=0
3 1
i
2 2
z1 cos 210 i sin 210
K= 1
3 1
i
2 2
1
3
2 i
2 2
3 1
i
2 2
3 1
i
2 2
Trick!! n :

2 ) n
1.7
1

n
2
( 2 1 3
n

x 2 1 0 x 2 x 1 0

(Fundamental Theorem of Algebra)
p(x) p(x) = 0

p(x) n 1 p(x) = 0
n ( )
x 4 2x 15 0
1.
x 4 2x 15
(x 2 5)(x 2 3)
(x 2 5)(x 3)(x 3)
(x 5i)(x 5i)(x 3)(x 3)
x 4 2x 15 0 5i, 5i, 3,

(Factor Theorem)
p(x) 1
p(x) xc p(c) = 0
2 x 2 x 2
f x 2x 4 x3 6x 2 4x 8
f x 2x 4 x3 6x 2 4x 8
f 2 2 2 23 6 2 4 2 8
4
32 8 24 8 8
x 2 f x
f 2 2 2 2 6 2 4 2 8
4
32 8 24 8 8
x 2 f x
3. 2x4 - x3 6x2 + 4x 8 = 0
f(x) = 2x4 - x3 6x2 + 4x 8
f(2) = 32 8 24 + 8 8 = 0
f(-2) = 32 + 8 24 8 8 = 0
2x4 - x3 6x2 + 4x 8
= (x 2)(x+2)(2x2 x + 2)
(x 2)(x+2)(2x2 x + 2) = 0
x= 2 x = - 2 2x2 x + 2 = 0
2x2 x + 2 = 0
1 15i
4
1 15i , 1 15i
2 , - 2 ,
4
4
x =
1 15i
4
x =
x n 1 ... a1x a0 n
a n , a n 1 , a n 2 , ...,a1 , a0 a n 0
k
x p(x) m k m 0
m
p(x) a x n a
n
n 1
.. m k 1 m an k a0
k 1 1 5 5
, , , k
m 1 2 1 2
k
5 m a n x
f x
m
4 . f x 2x 2 3x 5
f x 2x 2 3x 5
f 1 2 1 3 1 5
2
235
0
2
5
5
5
f 2 3 5
2
2
2
25 15
2 5
4 2
- 90
k -1
m
25 15 10
2
k 1 1 5 5
, , ,
m 1 2 1 2
5
2
x 1 x f x
z
p(x) x n a1x n 1 ... a n 1 x a n 0

a , a , ..., a z
1 2
n

a+bi
( a b b 0 ) abi
( Quadratic equation )
ax2 bx c 0
b 2 4ac
2a
1) b2 4ac 0
2) b2 4ac 0
x
b2 4ac i
2a
1. x 2 3x 5 0
x 2 3x 5 0
ax2 bx c 0
a = 1, b = 3, c = 5
x
b 2 4ac
2a
32 4 1 5
2 1
11
3
2
2
3

2
- 91 -
11 i
11 i
2
11 i, 3 11 i
2
2 2
2 x 2 4x 5 0
x 2 4x 5 0
b2 4ac (4)2 4(1)(5)
= 16 20 = 4
b2 4ac i
2a
4 i
2
4 2i 2 i
2
2 i 2 i
3. 3 12i
12i
1+2i
3, 12i 1+2i
(x3)[x (12i)][x (1+2i)] = 0
(x3)[x2 (12i)x(1+2i)x+(12i)(1+2i)] = 0
(x3)[x2 x+2xix2xi+5] = 0
(x3)(x22x+5) = 0
x35x2+11x15 = 0
4 2 + 3 i x4 - 7x2 + 20x + 14 = 0
- 92 f(x) = x4 - 7x2 + 20x + 14

f(2 +
3 i) = (2 + 3 i)4 - 7(2 + 3 i) 2 + 20(2 + 3 i) + 14

= - 47 + 8 3 i - 7 - 28 3 i + 40 + 20 3 i + 14
= 0
3 i f(x) = 0
2 + 3 i f(x) = 0
2 - 3 i f(x) = 0
[ x (2 + 3 i) ] [x (2 - 3 i ) ] = x2 4x + 7
2 +
x4 - 7x2 + 20x + 14
= (x2 4x + 7) (x2 + 4x + 2)
(x2 4x + 7) (x2 + 4x + 2) = 0
x2- 4x + 7 = 0 x2 + 4x + 2 = 0
x2 + 4x + 2 = 0
x = - 2 +
x = -2-
2 -
3 i , - 2 + 2 - 2 - 2
5. x6 1 = 0
x6 1 = 0
(x3+ 1) (x3 1 ) = 0
(x+1) (x2 x + 1)(x 1)(x2 + x + 1) = 0
x = -1 x = 1 x2 x + 1 = 0 x2 + x + 1 = 0
1 3i x = 1 3i
2
2
1 3i x = 1 3i
x2 + x + 1 = 0
x=
2
2
1 3i
1 3i
1 3i 1 3i
{ 1 , -1 ,
,
,
,
}
2
2
2
2
x2 x + 1 = 0
x=

2
ax +bx + c = 0 a ,b ,c a 0


1 3x 2 2x3 0

1
2x 3
3x 2
0x 1
=0
2
x-1
1
1
1
3
2
2
x 1 2x 2
x 1

x 1 2x 1 x 1 0
x 1 0
2x 1 0 x 1 0
1
2
1 ,
1
2
x 1
- 94
1. 3x3 2x 2 7x 2
2. 6 13x 4x3 0
3. x3 x 2 8x 12 0
4. 2x3 3x 2 5x 6 0
5. 4x3 13x 2 4x 12 0
6. 2x4 13x3 28x2 23x 6 0
7. 4x 4 4x3 9x 2 x 2 0
8. 3x 4 8x3 x 2 8x 4 0
9. x 4 2x3 13x 2 14x 24 0
1. 3x3 2x 2 7x 2
x+ 1
3
3x 3
2x 2
1 3
7x
5x
x 1 3x 1 x 2
2. 6 13x 4x3

x 1 0
x 1 3x 2
3x
1,
1
3
1
,2
3
x 2 0
x
4x 3
0x 2 13x
16
2 4x 2
8x

x 2 0
13
- 95 -
2 2x 1 2x 3
2x 1
1
2
1 3
2, ,
2 2
2x 3 0
x
3
2
3. x3 x 2 8x 12 0
x3
x2
8x 12
12
12
2 x2
x 6

x 2 x 3 x 2 0
x 2 0
x 3 0 x 2 0
x
2
2
x 3
x
2 , 3
4. 2x3 3x 2 5x 6 0
2x 3
3x 2
5x
x 1 2x 2
- 96 -
6
0
x 6

x 1 x 2 2x 3 0
x 1 0
x 2 0 2x 3 0
3
2
3
,1 , 2
2

5. 4x3 13x 2 4x 12 0
4x 3
13x 2
4x 12
13
12
10
12
2 4x 2
5x 6
x 2 4x 3 x 2 0
x 2 0
4x 3 0 x 2 0

6. 2x4 13x3 28x2 23x 6
3
,2
4
0
3
4
2x 4
13x 3
2x 3 11x 2
11
14
2 2x 2
x 1 x
7x

x 1 x 2 2x 1 x 3 0
x 1 0
x 2 0 2x 1 0
1
,1 , 2,3
2
7. 4x 4 4x3 9x 2 x 2 0
4x 4
4x 3
9x 2
4x 3
4x 2
0
2
x 1
17x
17
11 17
23
11 17
23x
13 28
2
28x 2
- 97 -
2 x 1 4x 2 1
1
2
x 3 0


x 2 x 1 2x 1 2x 1 0
x 2 0
x 1 0 2x 1 0 2x 1 0
1,
1
2
1
2
1 1
, ,2
2 2
8. 3x 4 8x3 x 2 8x 4 0
3x 4
8x 3
x2
8x
5x 2
4x
3
3x 3
4
4
0
0
x 1 x 1 3x 2

x 1 0
8x
x 1 x 1 3x 2 x 2
x
3x 2 0
x
2
3
x 2 0
x
2
1, ,1, 2
3
9. x 4 2x3 13x 2 14x 24 0

x 1 x 2 x 4 x 3 0
x 1 0
x 2 0 x 4 0 x 3 0
3
x
1
x 2
x 4
x
- 99 -
3, 1, 2, 4
6.
1. x 2 9
x 9 3i
2
2. x 36 0
x 2 36
x 36 6i
3. x 20 0
2
x 2 20
x 20 2 5i
4. x 75 0
2
x 2 75
x 75 5 3i
5. x 2 x 1 0

b b 2 4ac
2a
1 12 4 11
2 1
1 3i
2
6. x 2 3x 6 0

b b 2 4ac
2a
x
x
3 32 4 6
2 1
3 15i
2
7. x 5 2x
2
b b 2 4ac
2a
x 2 2x 5 0
x
2
2
4 5
2 4i
1 2i
2
8. 2x 2 2x 25 0
- 100 -
b b 2 4ac
2a
2 22 4 2 25
2 2
2 14i
1 7i
2
9. 4x2 3x 1 0

b b 2 4ac
2a
3 4 41 3 7i
2 4
8
2
10. 5x2 2x 1 0

x
x
b b 2 4ac
2a
2 22 4 5 1
2 5
2 4 i 1 4 i
10
5
11. x 1 0
3
x 1 x 2 x 1 0
x 1 ,
1 ,
b b 2 4ac
2a
1 12 4 11
2 1
1 3 i
2
12. x3 8 0
x 2 x 2x 4 0
2
x 2 ,
2 ,
13. x3 i 0
x 3 i3 0
b b 2 4ac
x
2a
4 1 4
2 1
22 3 i
2
- 101 -
x i x 2 xi 1 0
b b 2 4ac
2a
x i ,
4 1 1
2 1
3 i
2
x i ,
14. x3 27i 0
x 3 3i 0
3
x 3i x 2 3ix 9 0
x 3i ,
3i ,
3i
3i 4 9
2 1
2
3 3 3i
2
15. x4 1 0
x
x 1 x
2 2
1 0
1 0
x 1 , i
16. x 10x 9 0
x 2 9 x 2 1 0
4
x 3i , i
17. x 29x 100 0

x 2 25 x 2 4 0
4
2 , 5
18. x x x 1 0
x 2 x 1 x 1 0
3
x 1 x 2 1 0
x
1 , i
19. x 2x 2x 1 0
x3 1 2x x 1 0
3
x 1 x 2 x 1 2x x 1
b b 2 4ac
2a
- 102 -
x 1 x 2 3x 1
1 ,
3 5
2
20. x3 x 2 x 3 0
x 1 x 2 2x 3 0
x
1 , 1 2i
21. 2x 5x 6x 2
2x 1 2x 2 4x 4 0
3
2x 1 x 2 2x 2
0
1
, 1 i
2
22. x3 x2 x 1
x 3 x 2 x 1 0
x 2 x 1 x 1 0
x 1 x 1 x 1
x
0
1, 1
23. 2x 6 6x 7x
2x3 6x 2 7x 6 0
3
x 2 2x 2 2x 3
x
2,
b b 2 4ac
2a
1 5i
2
24. 2x3 x 1 0
x 1 2x 2 2x 1 0
1 ,
1 i
2
b b 2 4ac
2a
25. x3 x 2 2 0
x 1 x 2 2x 2 0
x
b b 2 4ac
2a
1 , 1 i
26. x4 x3 7x 2 9x 18 0
x 1 x 2 x 2 9 0
b b 2 4ac
2a
- 103 -
x 1 , 2 , 3i
27. x 6x 15x 22x 12
4
x 1 x 3 x 2 2x 4 0
b b 2 4ac
2a
b b 2 4ac
2a
x 1 , 3 , 1 3i
28. x5 8x 4 24x3 26x2 17x 42 0
x 2 x 3 x 1 x 2 4x 7 0
x 2 , 3 ,1, 2 3i
29. 2ix 3x 3i 0
2
4 2i 3i
2 2i
3 9 24
4i
30. x3 2ix 2 x 2i 0
x2 x 2i x 2i 0
x 2i x 2 1
b b 2 4ac
2a
3i 15
4
2i , i
31. x x x 2ix 2ix 2i 0

3
x x 2 x 1 2i x 2 x 1 0
x 1 x 2i 0
x
2i ,
1 3i
2
2
32. z 2z (15 30i) 0
(2) (2) 2 4(1)(1)(15 30i)

2
2 4 60 120i
z
2
2 64 120i
z
2
2 4 16 30i
z
2
b b 2 4ac
2a
b b 2 4ac
2a
- 104 -
2 2 16 30i
2
z 1 16 30i
z 1 5 3i
z
z 1 5 3i 6 3i
z 1 (5 3i) 4 3i
or
33. x2 2 3i x 1 3i 0
a,b
x a x b
x 2 a b x ab
0
0
a b 2 3i
ab 1 3i
a 1 2i , b 1 i
x 1 2i , 1 i
34. z 2 (2 3)iz 4 0
b b 2 4ac
2a
2 3i 12 4(1)(4)
2
2 3i 2
3i 1
2
7. z 2 (5 i)z 8 i 0
z 2 (5 i)z 8 i 0

ax bx c 0
2
b b 2 4ac
x
2a
z 2 (5 i)z 8 i 0
[(5 i)] [(5 i)]2 4(1)(8 i)

z
2(1)
(5 i) (5 i) 2 4(8 i)
2
1
1
(5 i)
(25 10i 1) 4(8 i)
2
2
- 105 -
1
1
(5 i)
(25 10i 1 32 4i)
2
4
1
3
(1)
z (5 i) 2 i
2
2
3
3
2 i 2 2 i
2
2
3
z 2 i
2
3
9
25 5
z r (2)2 ( ) 2 4
2
4
4 2
5
5
2
2
ra
r a
2
2
i
2
2
2
2
9
1
i
4
4
3
3 1
2 i i
2
2 2
(1)
1
1 3
(5 i) ( i)
2
2 2
5 i
1 3i
( )( )
2 2
2 2
5 i
1 3i
5 i
1 3i
( )( ) , ( )( )
2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2
3 2i , 2 i
z 2 (5 i)z 8 i 0 z 3 2i , 2 i
- 106 -

1. 3 2
3 2 3 2
( 3 3 2 )
2
x 2 2 3x 3
2
x 2 6x 7 0
2. 5 7
5 7 5 7
2
( 5 5 7 )
2
x 2 2 5 x 5
2
x 2 10x 18 0
3 . 1 2
1 2 1 2
( 1 1 2 )
2
x 2 2 1x 1
2
x 2 2x 1 0
4. 3 2i
3 2i 3 2i
( 3 32 22 )
x 2 2 3x 32 22 0
x 2 6x 13 0
5. 3 2i
3 2i 3 2i
2
2
( 3 3 2 )
x 2 2 3x 32 22 0
x 2 6x 13 0
- 107 -
6. 3 2i
3 2i 3 2i
( 3 32 2 )
2
x 2 2 3x 3
2
x 2 6x 11 0
7. 5 3i
5 3i 5 3i
2
( 5 5 3 )
2
x 2 2 5 x 5
2
x 2 10x 28 0
8. 5 3i 2
5 3i 5 3i
2
( 5 5 3 )
2
x 2 x 2 2 5x 5
3 0
2
x 2 x 2 10x 28 0
x3 8x 2 8x 56 0
9 . 1 2i 4
1 2i 1 2i
2
2
( 1 1 2 )
x 4 x 2 2 1x 1 2 0
x 4 x 2 2x 5 0
2
x3 6x 2 13x 20 0
10. 1 i 3 2i
1 i 1 i
3 2i 3 2i
x 2 2 1 x 12 12 x 2 2 3 x 32 22 0
x 2 2x 2 x 2 6x 13 0
x 4 8x3 27x 2 38x 26 0
x 4 8x3 27x 2 38x 26 0
11. 2 2i 3 2i
2 2i 2 2i
3 2i 3 2i
x 2 2 2 x 22 22 x 2 2 3 x 32 2 0
x 2 4x 8 x 2 6x 11 0
x 4 2x3 5x 2 4x 88 0
x 4 8x3 27x 2 38x 26 0
12. 2 3i x 4 7x 2 20x 14 0
2 3i 2 3i
x 2 3i x 2 3i
x 2 4x 7 0
x 2 4x 7 x 2 4x 2
0
2 3i , 2 2
2 3i , 2 3i , 2 2 2 , 2 2
1
2
3
i x3 2x 2 2x 1 0
2
P(x) x 3 2x 2 2x 1
13.
- 109 -
1
1
1
1
3
3
3
3
P
i
i 2
i 2
i 1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1 1 3i 1 3i 1 0
1
2
3
i
2
14. x5 9x3 8x2 72 0
x5 9x3 8x2 72 0
x3 x 2 9 8 x 2 9 0
9 x 3 8 0
x
3i , 2 , 1 3i
3i 3i 2 , 1 3i 1 3i 0
15 . 2 , i , i
x 2 , i . i
x 2 x i x i 0
x3 2x 2 x 2 0
ax n b 0
a n x n a n 1x n 1
1. 0
2. 1
b
a
3.
4.
1. ax 2 bx c 0
x x 0
a 1x a 0 0
a n 1
an
n a
2. 1 0
an
1.
3.
4.

- 110 -
x 2 x 0
b

a
c
.
a
2 2 2 2
3 3 ( )3 3 ( )
4 4 ( 2 2 )2 2( )2

1 . , 2x 2 5x 7 0 .
b
5
2.5 ;
a
2
c 7
3.5 .
a 2
2 2 2 .
2
2 2 2.5 2 3.5 = -0.75.

2
2. , x2 3x 1 0
3
1.
2 2 2 2 = (32) 2(1) = 7.
3 3 ( )3 3 ( ) =
(3) 3 3(1)(3) 27 9 18 .
4 4 ( 2 2 )2 2( )2 = 72 2(1)2 = 47.
2. ax3 bx 2 cx d 0
x x x 0
x3 x 2 x 0
b
a
c
a
- 111 -
d
a
2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
1
2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2
1. , , x3 2x 2 3x 4 0
b
a
2
c
a
3
d
a
4
2. , , 3x3 9x 2 6x 2 0
9
3
3
c 6
2
a 3
b
a
( )2 ( )( ) 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 ( )2 2 2 2
= 32 2( )
= 32 2(2)
=5
3.
, , x 3 7x 2 11x 49
2 2 2
7
11
49
- 112 -
( )2 2 2 2 2( )
2 2 2 ( )2 2( )
(7)2 2(11)
49 22 71
4. a b c
x3 5x 2 12x 6 0 a b c

1.1 a b c 5 5
1.2 abc 6
1.3 a b c 5 5
1.4
a 2 b2 c2 5 2 12 1
1.5
1 1 1 a 2 b2 c2 1

a b c
abc
6
5. , , x3 2x 2 4x 10 0
1
1)
2)
2 2 2
(2)
1 2
4
1
(10)
1 10
1.
2 2 2
4
2
10
5
2. 2 2 2 ( )2 2( ) 22 2(4) 4
4
3. x a x b x c x d 0
x4 a b c d x3 ab ac bc cd x 2 abc abd acd bcd x abcd 0

1. w3 2w 2 2w 1 0
w3 2w 2 2w 1 0
(w 3 1) 2w(w 1) 0
(w 1)(w 2 w 1) 2w(w 1) 0
(w 1)(w 2 w 1 2w) 0
(w 1)(w 2 w 1) 0
w 1 0 w2 w 1 0
w 1
1 12 4(1)(1)
2(1)
1 3i
2
1
3
1
3

i,
i
2 2
2 2
1
3
1
3
1, i , i
2 2
2 2
1
2
= 1
3
1
3
i
i
2
2 2
2
2
2
3
1 3
1
1

2 2
2 2
111 3
2. z 4 5z 2 36 0
z4 5z 2 36
(z 2 9)(z 2 4)
z2 4
z2
z
z2 9
z2
z2
z
0
0
0
4
2 2
0
9
9i2
3i 3i
- 114 2, 2, 3i, 3i
2 2 3i 3i
= 2 + 2 + 3 + 3 = 10
2 0i
22 02
3i
0 3i
02 32
3. z2 (1 z2 ) 16
z 2 (1 z 2 )
16
z2 z4 16
z4 z2 16
z2
z2
z2
2
2
1 3 7

2 2
1. 3
63
1 3 7 i
2
13 7 i
2
1 63
4 4
z2
4. z1 z2 x 2
z1 z2
(1)2 4(1)(16)
2(1)
( 1)
16
1 3i
3 3 3i

2. 2 3
3.
1
3
4.
2
3
- 115 -
1 3i
3 3 3i
x2
1 3i
3 3 3i
x2
12
3 3
3
2
2 1
6 3
1
1
2
z1 z 2
3
3
3
2
1
3
z3 1 3i
z1 z2 z3 3 z1 z 2 z3
1. 3 3 2
2. 3 3 4
3. 6 3 2
2
z3 1 3i
4
36
5 z1 , z2 z3
2
4. 6 3 4
z3 1 3i
42
z1 z2 z3 3 2
2
2 2 2 3 0

3 2 3 2 3 4
z1 z2 z3 3 z1 z 2 z3
z1 z 2 z3 3 z1 z 2 z3
2
3
1. 2x3 2x2 x 1 0
1. 1
2.
3
2
3. 1 2
4. 2 2
2. 2x3 x 1 0
1. 1
2.
3
2
3. 1 2
4.
2 2
2
3. x4 x3 7x 2 9x 18 0
1. 1
2.
3
2
3. 9
4. 2 2
4. x4 6x3 15x2 22x 12 0

1. 1
2.
3
2
3. 8
5. x 4 6x 2 40 0
4. 2 2
1. 1
2.
3
2
- 116 -

3. 1 2
4. 4 10
6. x5 8x 4 24x3 26x2 17x 42 0

1. 1
2.
3
2
3. 1 2
4. 7 2 7
7. x2 + 2x 2 + 4i = 0 ( 2)
1. 1 + i , 3 + i
2. 1 i , 3 + i
3. 1 i , 3 i
4. 1+ i , 3 + i
2
8. i x (1 + i ) x + 1 = 0 ( 4)
1. i , i
2. i , 1
3. i , i
4. i , 1
9. z2 + 2 i z 1 = 0
( 2)
1. i
2. i
3. i , i
4. 1 , 2
2
10. z + i z + 2 = 0
1. { i , 2i }
2. { i , 2i }
3. {i , 2 i }
4. { i , 2i } ( 2)
2
11. z1 z2 z + 2z 2(1 + 2i) = 0 z1 + z2
1. 2
2. 2
3. 2i
4. 2i ( 2)
12. x x2 ix 3i + 1 = 0
1. 0
2. 1
3. 1
4. i ( 4)
3
2
13. z1 , z2 z3 x 3x + 6x 8 = 0 z1 + z2 + z3 z1 z2 z3
( 4)
1. 3 , 4
2. 3 , 4
3. 3 , 4
4. 3 , 8
4
3
2
2. x x +7x 9x 18 = 0 ( 3 )
1. 1
2. 5
3. 9
4. 23
4. x4 6x3 + 15x2 22x +12 = 0 ( 2 )
1. 6 2. 8 3. 10 4. 16
15. x4 12x3+bx2+cx+125 = 0 b c
2 i 4 + 3i b c ( 4 )
1. 82
2. 82
3. 164
4. 202
17. a , b , c , d

x4+4x3+4x2 11x 42 = 0 (a+b+c+d)2+ ( abc+abd+bcd+acd ) ( 3 )
1. 7
2. 14
3. 27
4. 36
27. 2 4 3 2 14
a + bi c + di a4+b4+c4+d4 ( 3 )
1. 256
2. 276
3. 296
4. 316

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- 57 www.focus-physics.

(absolute value , modulus , norm ) z z r

Trick!! sin cos

i cos i sin cos ,sin

z 5 cos 270 i sin 270

z 6 cos300 i sin 300

z 4 2 cos 2250 i sin 2250

3. z 2[cos 270 i sin 270 ]

1) z1z 2 r1 (cos 1 i sin 1 )r2 (cos 2 i sin 2 )

z1z 2 r1r2 [cos(1 2 ) i sin(1 2 )]

z12 r12 [cos 21 i sin 21 ]

r1 (cos1 i sin 1 ) (cos 2 i sin 2)

r2 (cos 2 i sin 2 ) (cos 2 i sin 2 )

r1 (cos1 cos 2 sin 1 sin 2 ) (sin 1 cos 2 sin 2 cos1 )

i sin ] 4[cos i sin ]

z 10(cos45 isin45 ) z 2(cos15 isin15 )

2 3 cos 330 i sin 330 4 cos 240 i sin 240

z1 2 3 cos 330 i sin 330 , z 2 4 cos 240 i sin 240

z1z 2 8 3 cos570 i sin 570

z1z 2 8 3 cos30 isin 30

z1z 2 8 3 cos570 i sin 570

cos 30 240 i sin 30 240

z1z 2 2 cos i sin 2 cos i sin = 2 2 cos

3 cos 268 i sin 268

9 cos 313 i sin 313

arg z1z2 arg z1 arg z2

1. z1 2 2 3i z2 3 z1z2 arg z1z 2

arg z1z2 arg z1 arg z 2

z 7 (1 i)7 ( 2)7 [cos(7

z 10 (1 3i)10 210 [cos(10 ) i sin(10 )]

z16 26 cos 6 20 i sin 6 20

z52 4 2 cos 225 isin 225

= 32(cos 600o + i sin 600o)

220 cos 20 45 isin 20 45

220 cos900 isin 900

3 i 2 cos300 isin 300

3 i 2 cos3300 isin 3300

4 cos12 isin12 410 cos120 isin120

2 cos300 isin 300

8 cos300 isin 300

10. 3 cos30 i sin 30

2 cos 75 i sin 75 22 cos150 i sin150

3 cos30 i sin 30 33 cos90 i sin 90

11. 2 cos36 i sin 36

12. 4 cos 20 isin 20

4 cos 200 i sin 200 43 cos 600 i sin 600

15. cos 6 i sin 6

16. cos12 i sin12

cos 120 i sin 120

cos 720 i sin 720

tan 1 tan 1 ( 3) 120

z11 211 (cos(11120 ) isin(11120 )

9. z1 cos 20 i sin 20 , z 2 cos 34 i sin 34

(cos 200 i sin 200 )(cos 340 i sin 340 )

cos(200 340 ) i sin(200 340 )

(1 3)6 64(1 0i) 64

(1 i)4 ((1 i)2 )2

Z100 2100 cos150 100 isin150 100

2100 cos 180 60 i sin 180 60

2100 cos 60 isin 60

Likewise, we also get from de Moivres theorem that

zn cos n isin n ..... 1

x 2555 2555 2cos 639