A + B C + D A B

A+B
C + D A B

CaCO3

CaCO3(s) CaO(s) + CO2(q)

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
[ ]

A
B

B
A

A
B

[A] > [B]

6. =

[A] = [B]

[A] < [B]

Rate
Rate
7.
I2(KI) = I2(Hexane)

136
1. I2 + KI

2. I2 + He x

3. + He x

4. + KI

8.

I2 (s)

I2 (g)
1.
2.
3.

+ H2O

I2 (s)

I2 (C2H5OH)

1.
2.
3. I2

137

1. Mg + Cu2+
K4Fe(CN)6

Mg2+ + Cu
NH3 + Na2 HPO4

2. Co(H2O)62+ +4Cl

2+
3. Fe + Ag+
4. Fe3+ + I
K4Fe(CN)6 NH4SCN Pb(NO3)2

9.
10.

[CoCl4]2-+6H2O

Fe + Ag
Fe2+ + I2
K3Fe(CN) 6
3+

[ ], P, T ()
T

()
1.
A+B
C+D
A
C
B

Fe3+ + SCN

Fe(SCN)2+

Fe(NO3)3

NH4SCN

Na2HPO4

138
20.1 Ag2CO3
Ag2CO3
. H2O
. AgNO3
. Na2CO3
2.

P=

F
A

P
2A + 3B
g

C + 2D
e

Cu + HNO3 Cu(NO3)2 + H2O + NO2(N2O4)

T
2NO2

2A + 3B

C + 4D
P

H2O(l) + CO2 (g)

H2CO3(aq)
P

H2(g) + I2(g)

HI(g)
P

N2O4

139
3.

A + H = B
A = B - H
A = B H =
T
H
A + H

A = B + H
A - H = B
A = B H =
T
H
A

B + H

21

N2O4 = NO2

22

SO2 + O2 = SO3 H = -120

. SO2
. O2
. P
. T
. Cat
. Ne
. NO

23

+ 8/3 H2
H2
3Fe(s) + 4H2O(g) Fe3O4(s) + 4H2(g) + H
1. T
2. H2O(g)
3. P

24

aA + bB = cC P T C T
P C
.
. a, b, c a + b < c

140

aA + bB

k1
k2

cC + dD
Kc = [C ] [D ]

Keq

Kp =

[AC]a [B ]db

PC .PD
a
b
PA .p B

Kp = Kc(RT)
CaCO3(s)
Keq
H2O(l)

CaO(s) + CO2(q)
= [CO2]
H+(aq) + OH(aq)
10-7M 10-7M

Keq
= [H +] [OH -] = 10-14 = Kw
K
A K=1
B

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

K<1

A
B

K>1

Rate
K
K
K
K
K
A
B
C
D
K2
A+C
nA
B

B+D

K 3 = K1 . K2

nB
A

K4 = K1n
K5 = 1

B
A

141
25

K
1. 2A + B
=
C+E
E + 2B =
3D
2A + 3B =
C + 3D
K3 =
K1 . K2

K1
K2
K3

2. 3A + B
2A + D
4A + 5B

= C + 2E
= 3B + 4E
= 2C + D

K1
K2
K3

3. 2A + 3B
D + 2B
4A + 6E

= C + 3D
= 2E
= 2C + 9D

K1
K2
K3

4. A + 2B
D

= 2C + X
= 3 + BK2

K1

= 3A + 8B

K3

6C + 2D

26

T1
T2
T3

K
X
Y
Z

. T1 > T2 > T3 X > Y > Z

.
X < Y <Z

142

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

()

K
K
2A + 3B
4C

P
Q

P - 2X
Q - 3X
4X
[
(
C]
4X )
K = [ ][ ] = (
A B
P 2X ) (Q 3X )
4

27

PCl5 0.7 mol 2 Cl2 0.2 mol 25 C

PCl5
= PCl3 + Cl2
0.7

2
0.35 - X
X X 02.2
(X )(X ) = (0.1)(0.1)
K =
(0.35 X ) (0.35 0.1)

28

H2 + Cl2 = H Cl 10 H2 10.16 mol Cl2 2.48 mol

HCl 2.12 mol
H2
+ Cl
==== 2 HCl
2.48
10.16
10
10
2.12
1.016 -X 0.248 - X
2X
10
K = (1.016 (X2X)(0).248 X )
X = 0.106
2

29

A2B(s) = 2A(g) + B(g) A2B

0.108
A2B ===
2A + B
P - X
2X
X
2X + X = 0.108
2
K = (2X) (X)
X = 0.036
=

143

30

HI 2 mol 20% 2

31

H2 I2 2 HI HI 2
= 0.81

32

A + B = C K = 5 1010 C 0.4 2
A
C
=
A + B
K = 5 110
0.4
X
X
10

1
5 1010

33

( )( )
(0.2 )

A = B + C A 1 50% 40%
A
A
=
B + C
50
1 = 0.5
1 - X
X
X X = 100
K
= ((1)()) = 0.5
A
= B + C
P - Y
Y
Y Y = 40 = 0.4
100
0.5
= (Y )(Y ) =
(

144

AB(s) = A+(aq) + B(aq)

p X X
X
+

Ksp = [A ] [B ]
34

K BaSO4 0.466 500 cm3

BaSO4 =
Ba2+ + SO42P-X
X
X

35

K PbI2 2 104 M

36

Ag Cl Ag NO3 0.001 M
K = 1 x 10-10
.
. Ag NO3
.
. Ag Cl
=
Ag+ +
ClP-X
X
X
1 x 10-10
= (X)(X) X = 1 x 10-5
. Ag Cl
=
Ag+ +
ClP-X
X + 0.001
X
1 x 10-10
= (X + 0.001) ( X ) X = 10-7
.

145

37

NH4HS NH3 1 atm NH3

K = 12 NH4HS(s)
NH3(q) + H2S(q)

P-X
1+X X

38

SO2 + NO2
SO3 + NO SO2 0.2 NO2 0.6 SO3 0.3
NO 0.8 SO2 SO3 2
SO2 + NO2
=
SO3 + NO
0.2 0.6
0.3 0.8
K = (0.3)(0.8)
= 2
(0.2)(0.6 )
SO2 + NO2
=
SO3 + NO

0.2 0.6
0.3 0.8

P
0.2 + P - X 0.6 - X
0.3 + X
0.8 + X
X = 0.3
0.6
(0.3 + )(0.8 + )
2 = (0.2 + )(0.6 )
P =