njd; ,e;jpa jkpo; gpuhkpr; rhrdq;fspd; rpwg;gk;rq;fs;

ek;gj;jFe;j tuyhw;W %yhjhuq;fshf jkpo; gpuhkpr; rhrdq;fisAk; $wyhk;

vd;w tifapy; ,it Kf;fpak; ngWfpd;wd.
jkpo; nkhopapy; fpilf;fg;ngWk; Mtzq;fspy; fhyj;jhy; Kw;gl;lit jkpo;
gpuhkpr; rhrdq;Ns.
ehzak;> Nkhjpuk;> kl;fyq;fs;> fw;fspy;> Fiffspy; vOjg;gl;Ls;sik
vOj;jwpT rKjha kl;lj;jpy; gy jug;gpYk; fhzg;gl;likf;F jf;f rhd;W.
,e;jpa Mupaky;yhj jpuhtpl nkhopfis vOj kl;LNk gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.
Fwpg;ghf jkpo; nkhopr; nrhw;fisNa mjpfk; nfhz;L vOjg;gl;Ls;sd.
tl,e;jpahtpYk; jkpofj;jpYk; xNu fhyg;gFjpapy; gpuhkp tuptbtq;fs;
Njhw;wk; ngw;wd. mtw;wpd; mikg;G> Njhw;wk; vd;gtw;wpy; xNu jd;ik
fhzg;gLtjhYk; ,t;tpU gpuhe;jpaq;fSk; xNu kugpypUe;Nj ,t;tuptbtj;ij
ngw;wpUf;fyhk; vd Ma;thsu;fs; $Wfpd;wdu;.
,it tl gpuhkpapypUe;J NtWgLtjd; mbg;gilapy; Kjd;ik ngWfpd;wd.
jkpof gpuhkpf; fy;ntl;Lf;fs; mstpy; rpwpad. Fiwe;j msthd nra;jpfNs.
rpwg;ngOj;Jf;fs;(wfuk;>ofuk;>dfuk;>sfuk;)>
mikg;gpy;
NtWghLfs;
fhzg;gLfpd;wik> NkYk; nkhop ,q;F jkpohf cs;sik> m>k>,> cs;spl;l
vOj;Jf;fspy; NtWgly;> ,yf;fz tpjpfspdbg;gilapy; NtWgly;> ,it
mjd; jdpj;Jt rpwg;gk;rq;fs; vdyhk;.
gz;ilj; jkpof KbAil %Nte;ju;fs; gw;wpa nra;jpfisf; $wy;.
neLQ;nropad;> ngUtOjp> fLkhwd;> rpoptd;>
ngUq;fLq;Nfh> jpj;jd;
cs;spl;l gy kd;du;fsJ ngau;fisf; fhzKbfpd;wik. cjhuzkhf
Gf*upy; fz;lwpag;gl;l fy;ntl;by; %d;W Nru kd;du;fsJ ngau;fs;
(ngUq;fLq;Nfh> NfhMjd; nry;ypUk;nghiw> ,sq;fLq;Nfh) fhzg;gLfpwJ.
muruJ gl;lg;ngau;fs;> gl;lq;fs;> mur mYtyu; gw;wpa nra;jpfs;
$wg;gl;Ls;sik.
cjhuzkhf
khq;Fsf;
fy;ntl;by;
tUk;
mjpfd;(fz;fhzpg;ghsd;) vDk; nrhy; mofu; kiyf; fy;ntl;by; fz
mjpfd;(fzf;F Nkw;ghu;itahsu;) vd tUfpd;wJ.
Xup> es;sp> gz;zd;> Ngfd;> mjpakhd; Nghd;w FWepy kd;du;fsJ
ngau;fSk;> mtu;fs; gw;wpa nra;jpfSk; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. NkYk; muru;fsJ
gl;lg;ngau;fSk; ,lk;ngw;Ws;sd. vlf;fy;> khkz;^u; gFjpfspy; fpilj;j
rhrdq;fspy; KiwNa Nfh> Nfhd; Mfpa nrhw;fs; cs;sd.
fhtpjp(khq;Fsk;
fy;ntl;L)
vd;gJ
Ntshsu;>
mur
mjpfhupfs;>
tzpfu;fSf;F toq;fg;gl;l rpwg;G gl;lk;.
nghUshjhu epiy $wg;gl;Ls;sik Kf;fpa rpwg;gk;rkhFk;. fly; thzpgk;>
cg;G tu;j;jfk;> gapu;r;nra;if> gUj;jp> Glit> gytif kzpfs; cw;gj;jp>
thridj;jputpa tpahghuk; gw;wpa nra;jpfs; $wg;gl;Ls;sd. cjhuzkhf
mWit > nghd;> Rz;zk;> cg;G Kjypa nghUl;fis tpw;Fk; tzpfu;fs;
gw;wp kJiu> f\&u; NjD}u;> nts;siw Kjypa ,lq;fspy; fpilf;fg;gl;Ls;s
fy;ntl;Lf;fs; $Wfpd;wd.
By: Rajeendra

EU/IS/2010/AC/28

Page 2

 Mguzk; nra;jy;> cg;ngLj;jy;> ru;f;fiu cw;gj;jp> Mil nea;jy;> fyg;ig

nra;jy;> vs;spypUe;J vz;nza; vLj;jy; Kjypa rkfhy njhopy;fs; gw;wpf;
Gf*u;> mofu;kiyf; fy;ntl;Lf;fspy; cs;sd.
tzpf jsk; gw;wpf; $wy;. cjhuzkhf khq;Fsk; fy;ntl;L nts;siw vd;w
Cu; tzpf jskhf fhzg;gl;likia $Wfpd;wJ.
Krpwp> njhz;b Kjypa JiwKfq;fs; gw;wpa nra;jpfs;. fly;fle;j
gFjpfspy; fpilj;j gpuhkpr; rhrdq;fs; ru;tNjr tu;j;jfj;jpy; jkpou;
ngw;wpUe;j epiyiaf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ. cjhuzkhf vfpg;J> jha;yhe;J gFjpapy;
fpilj;j rhrdq;fs;.
rkz rkak; gw;wpAk; $Wfpd;wd. rkfhyj;J ,yf;fpaq;fs; itjPf
rkaj;jpidg; gw;wpf; $wpapUg;gpDk; rhrdq;fs; rkzj;jpw;Nf mjpf Kf;fpak;
mspj;Js;sd. cjhuzkhf cgh\ vd;w nrhy;iyf; $wyhk;. NkYk;
jiyikj; Jwtpia fzp vd mioj;jik (khq;Fsk; fy;ntl;L) gw;wpAk;
ngz;fSk; Jwtwk; Ngzpaik gw;wpAk; mwpa Kbfpd;wJ. gkpj;jp> fe;jp
vd;w nrhw;fs; ,jw;F rhd;whf fhl;lj;jf;fit.
Kdptu;fs; gw;wpAk; $wg;gl;Lsik. mkzd;> mkz;zd;(Gf*u; fy;ntl;L)
vd;w nrhw;fs;.
ehy;tu;zg; ghFghL gw;wp ,y;iy. khwhf gy gpuptpdu;fs; gw;wpa nra;jpfs;
cs;sd.
r%f njhopy; mbg;gilapyhd rpy Fbapdu; gw;wpa nra;jpfs; $wg;gl;Ls;sd.
,isau; (rpj;jd;dthry; fy;ntl;by;)> Nts;> kiya;tz;zf;fd;(mur;rY}u;
fy;ntl;L)> nfhy;yu;> jr;ru;> <of;FLk;gpfd;
Kjypa Fbapdu; gw;wpa
nra;jpfisf; fhzyhk;.
njhy;fhg;gpa ,yf;fz tpjpfis tpsf;Ftjhf mike;Js;sik. nkhopf;F
Kd;ghf I> V> xs jtpu;e;j gpw capu; vOj;Jf;fs; tUfpd;wik.
xs jtpe;j
gpw
capu; vOj;Jf;fs; nka;Ald; $b capu;nka;ahf
tUfpd;wik.
ah vOj;J jtpu;e;j Vida afu tupir vOj;Jf;fs; nkhopf;FKd; tuhik.
cjhuzkhf ahw;W}u; vd;w nrhy;.
Mz;ghy; tpFjp md; (cjhuzkhf gzmd;) ngz;ghy; tpFjp ms; vd;Wk;
mikjy;.
njhy;fhg;gpa
Gzu;r;rp
tpjpfspw;fika
mike;Js;sikAk;
rpwg;ghFk;.
nfhw;we;ij> gpl;le;ij Kjypa nrhw;fisf; $wyhk;.
jkpo; nrhw;fspy; tpFjpia jdpahf gpupj;J vOJk; Kiw jkpo; gpuhkpapy;
kl;LNk fhzg;gly;. ey;ypCu;> cghrmd; Kjypa nrhw;fis rhd;whf
fhl;lyhk;.
xw;Wg;ngwhj tz;zkhf mike;Js;s nrhw;fs;. cjhuzkhf nfhLgpNjhd;
(nfhl;Lgpj;Njhd;)> cG(cg;G) Kjypad.
rpy vOj;Jf;fspy; khw;wk; fhzg;gly;. cjhuzkhf cjpad;> cgh]d; vd;w
nrhw;fs; KiwNa Cjpad;> Cgh]d; vd;W vOjg;gl;Ls;sik.
By: Rajeendra

EU/IS/2010/AC/28

Page 3

 nebiy Fwpyhf vOjpAs;sik NtWgl;l jd;ikahFk;. cjhuzkhf mjd;

mjd; vd;W vOjg;gl;Ls;sik. ,J Mjd; Mjd; vd tu Ntz;Lk;.
rhrd tpidr; nrhw;fs; jkpo; nrhw;fshfTs;sd. ,q;F ,lk;ngw;Ws;s
gpuhfpuj nkhopr; nrhw;fs; midj;Jk; ngau;r; nrhw;fs;. cjhuzk; cgmd;
nka;apd; ,aw;ifg; Gs;sp ngw;W tUjy; vDk; tpjpf;Nfw;g Gf*u;>
Midkiy> nfhLkzy; gFjpr; rhrdq;fs; mike;Js;sd.
jkpofj;jpy; kl;Lkd;wp njd;dhrpah> njd;fpof;fhrpah> vfpg;J> [g;ghd;
cs;spl;l gy gFjpfspy; fpilf;fpd;wik rpwg;G.
jkpo; nkhopia gpuhkp tuptbtj;jpy; vOjpAs;sikAk; 20 tPjkhd nrhw;f Ns
gpuhfpuj nkhopr; nrhw;fshf mike;Js;sikAk; ,jd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ijf;
fhl;Lfpd;wJ.
jkpo; ehl;by; fhyg;Nghf;fpy Njhw;wk; ngw;w xyptbt vOj;Jfspw;Fk;
Kd;Ndhb. tl;nlOj;J> fpue;jk;> jkpo; vOj;Jfspd; tsu;r;rpf;F %yk;
gpuhkpNa. cjhuzkhf jkpopw;Fupa vy;yh nka;naOj;Jf;fSk;> capu;
vOj;Jf;fspd; vl;L vOj;Jf;fSk; jkpo; gpuhkp rhrdj;jpy; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
NkYk; njhz;il ehl;by; rk];fpuj nkhopia vOj fpue;j tuptbtq;fs;
gad;gLj;jg;gl;lhYk; mjpy; jkpo; gpuhkpapd; nry;thf;fpidf; fhzyhk;.
jha;yhe;jpy;
fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;l
ciuf;fy;
xd;wpy;
ngUk;gjd;fy;
(nghw;nfhy;ydpd; ciuf;fy;) vd vOjg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,J rkfhy rKjha
epiy> nghUshjhuk; gw;wpawpa cjTfpd;wJ.

,yq;if gpuhkpr; rhrdfs;

,e;jpahtpy; fpilf;fg;ngw;Ws;s gpuhfpUj nkhopr; nrhw;fspy; fhzg;glhj gy
nrhw;fs; ,yq;ifapy; fpilf;fg;ngw;Ws;s gpuhkpr;rhrdq;fspYs;sd. gy jkpo;
nrhw;fshfTk; rpy jpuhtpl nkhopfs; rpytw;wpw;Fg; nghJthd nrhw;fshfTk;
cs;sd.
,yq;if gpuhkpr; rhrdfs; jkpof gpuhkpr; rhrdfspypUe;J NtWgLk; tpjKk;
Nehf;fw;ghyJ. jkpof rhrdfs; rkzk; rhu;e;jjhfTk;> jkpo; nkhopapy;
vOjg;gl;Lk; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. NkYk; ,jid jpuhtpb vd;gu;. ,yq;if gpuhkpr;
rhrdq;fs; ngsj;jk; rhu;e;jjhfTk;> gpuhfpuj nkhopapy; vOe;jitahfTk;
,q;F gpuhfpujk; nraw;if nkhop Nghy; Njhd;WtJk; Fwpy;> neby;
vOj;Jf;fis
Fwpf;f
jdpf;FwpaPLfs;
,d;ikAk;
nka;naOj;JfSf;F
Gs;spfs; ,d;ikAk; m> ,> k Mfpa vOj;Jf;fspd; tbtj;jpy; tpj;jpahrk;
fhzg;gLtJk; gpuhfpuj ,yf;fz tpjpf;Nfw;g <w;W nka;apy; KbTwhJ capu;
Vwp tUtJk; NtWghLfshFk;.
jkpo;nkhop ,yf;fpa tbtk; ngw Kd;duhd fhyj;jpy; jpuhtpl nkhopia
NgRNthu; ,yq;ifapy; tho;e;jdu; vd;gjw;F <o rhrdq;fs; Mjhuq;fshFk;.
cjhuzkhf mgp vd;w nrhy;iyf; $wyhk;.

By: Rajeendra

EU/IS/2010/AC/28

Page 4

 ngsj;jk; ,yq;ifapy; mwpKfkhfpa fhyj;jpy; ,yq;ifapy; gytplq;fspYk;

jkpou; tho;e;jdu; vd;Wk; rkfhyk; jkpo; Ngr;R nkhopahf gytplq;fspYk;
fhzg;gl;lik gw;wpa mwpa cjTfpd;wJ.
,yq;ifapy; fpilf;fg;ngw;Ws;s gpuhkpf;fy;ntl;Lf;fspy; xU rpy ePqf
; yhf
Vidait midj;Jk; jhd rhrdq;fshFk;. jhdk; toq;fpatu;fs;> jhdk;
ngw;Nwhu;> toq;fg;gl;l jhdk; gw;wpf; $Wfpd;wd. ngUk;ghYk; ciwtpl jhdk;
gw;wpait.
ngsj;j
Jwtpfspw;F
mspj;j
jhdk;
gw;wpaitNa.
,J
,e;jpa
rhrdq;fspypUe;J
NtWgLtijf;
fhl;Lfpd;wJ.
jk;Gs;isapd;
mUfpy;
fz;lyk; vd;w gFjpapy; nfhj;fy; fe;ijapy; cs;s fy;ntl;L ngsj;j
gpf;FfSf;F mspj;j jhdk; gw;wpaJ.
jkpo; kd;du;fsJ jhdk; gw;wp mDuhjGuk;> fjpu;fhk fy;ntl;Lf;fspy;
cs;sik. jkpo; kd;du;fshd gupe;j> Fl;lgupe;j MfpNahu; ngsj;j
JwtpfSf;F mspj;j jhdk; gw;wpa nra;jpAk; mjdhy; Gj;j jh]d;> Gj;j
Njtd; Mfpa gl;lg; ngau;fisg; ngw;w nra;jpAk; cs;sd. NkYk; ,U
fy;ntl;Lf;fs; gpuhkzu;fs; ngsj;j kjj;ij Mjupj;jik gw;wpa nra;jpiaAk;
$Wfpd;wd.
fp.K 5Mk; E}w;whz;L Kjy; fp.gp 4Mk; E}w;whz;L tiuahd fhyj;jpDs;
fhzg;gl;l mur kuGfs;> murTUthf;fk;> kd;du;fs;> FWepy Ml;rpahsu;fs;>
epUthf mjpfhupfs; cs;spl;l gy murpay; rhu; tplaq;fisf; $Wfpd;wd.
gpuhe;jpa rpw;wuRfs; gw;wpa nra;jpfisf; $Wfpd;wd. fzfhkk;> jPguh[h>
kRjpf;f uh[h> ghrpd uh[h> gpl;l k`h uh[h Kjyhd nrhw;fs;
rhd;WfshFk;.
gy epiyfspy; fhzg;gl;l mjpfhupfs; gw;wpAk; $wy;. cjhuzkhf fkzp>
FLk;gpf>
fkpf>
kfl
nrhw;fSk;
Fwpg;ghf
mk;ghiu
gFjpapy;
fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;l gpuhkpf;fy;ntl;by; jkuh[u` vd;w nrhy;Yk; jf;f
rhd;WfshFk;.
mf;FWnfhl vd;w ,lj;jpy; fpilf;fg;gl;l ehzakhdJ rpw;wuru;fs; gw;wpa
nra;jpia jUfpd;wJ. cjpud;> rh(j;)jd; Kjypa rpw;wuru;fsJ ngau;fs;
fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
jkpo;
mur
kuGfs;
gw;wpAk;>
jkpo;
FWepy
kd;du;fs;
gw;wpAk;
$Wfpd;wikahy; Kf;fpak; ngWfpd;wd.
,yq;ifapy; fpilf;fg;ngw;Ws;s 21 gpuhkpf;fy;ntl;Lf;fspy; Nts; vd;w
nrhy;yplk;ngw;Ws;sJ. ,J tlnkhopapy; uh[h vd;w nrhy;ypw;F epfu; vd
Nguh. Nuhkpyhjghu; $wpfpd;whu;. NkYk; mf;FWnfhlapy; fpilj;j ehzaj;jpy;
me;ehzaq;fis
ntspapl;l
rpw;wuru;fs;
ngau;fisAk;
cjhuzkhff;
nfhs;syhk;. fgjpf[gd;> k`hrhj;jd;> j]gpld; Kjypa ngau;fs; mjpy;
cs;sd.
,yq;ifapy; ghz;bar; nry;thf;F gw;wpAk; mwpa cjTfpd;wd. fjpu;fhkj;jpy;
fpilf;fg;ngw;Ws;s kPd; rpd;dk; nghwpj;j rhrdkhdJ ,jw;F rhd;W
gfu;fpd;wJ.
By: Rajeendra

EU/IS/2010/AC/28

Page 5

 gQ;rtu; Ml;rp kuG xd;W fjpu;fhkj;jpy; ePz;lfhyk; epiyj;jpUe;jikia

Gyg;gLj;Jfpd;wik Kf;fpa nra;jpahFk;.
aho;g;ghzg;gFjpapy;
ngUq;fw;fhy
gz;ghl;by;
jkpo;
kf;fs;
tho;e;J
te;Js;sdu;
vd;gij
cWjp
nra;tjhf
Midf;Nfhl;ilapy;
fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;Ls;s cNyhf Kj;jpiuapy; fhzg;gLk; NfhNtj vd;w nrhy;
mikfpd;wJ. ,jd;gb ghu;gg
; pd; ngUq;fw;fhy kf;fs; rpw;wurikj;jpUe;jdu;
vd;w nra;jpiaf; Fwpg;ghy; czu;Jfpd;wik rpwg;ghFk;.
njd;dpe;jpahtpypUe;J te;j ngUq;fw;gilf;fhy kf;fNs aho;g;ghzj;jpy;
Kjd;Kjypy; murikj;jdu; vd;w fUj;J jkpou; tuyhw;wpd; njhd;ikf;F
Kf;fpa Mjhukhf mikfpd;wJ.
<okhdJ
jkpofj;jpd;
xU
gFjpahf
fhzg;gl;lij
Fwpg;ghy;
czu;j;Jfpd;wik. cjhuzkhf Midf;Nfhl;ilapy; fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;Ls;s
gpuhkpr; rhrdj;ijf; ,jw;Fr; rhd;whff; $wyhk;.
fy;ntl;Lf;fspYs;s FwpaPLfSk;> ngUq;fw;gilf; fhyj;J ghid Xl;L
FwpaPLfSk; xUkpj;j tbtpYs;sikahy; ngUq;fw;fhy fyhrhu kf;fNs
ngsj;jk; jOtpdu; vd Cfpf;f Kbfpd;wik.
FOj;jiytu;fs; epiyapYUe;J muru;fsJ Njhw;wj;ij tpsf;Ftjhf rpy
nrhw;fs; mikfpd;wik. cjhuzkhf gUkf vd;w nrhy; gpw;gl;l rpq;fs
muru;fsJ tpUJg; ngau;fspy; kh gUkf> kfh gUkf vd;W tUfpd;wik.
gpuhfpUj
nrhw;fis
vOJtjpYk;>
cr;rupg;gjpYk;
jkpo;
nry;thf;F
Vw;gl;bUe;jik gw;wpAk; mwpa Kbfpd;wik. M]pupa Mrpupa vd;Wk; >
]pt rpt vd;Wk;> uh[h- wh[h vd;Wk; vOjpAs;sdu;.
fpwp];JTf;F Kw;gl;l fhyj;jpy; jkpo; Ngr;R nkhopahf fhzg;gl;lij cWjp
nra;fpd;wJ. jkpou;> ehfu; Kjypa ,dq;fs; gw;wpf; $wg;gl;Ls;s nra;jpfs;
,jw;Fr; rhd;WfshFk;.
fp.gp Kjyhk; E}w;whz;bd; gpd;du; kf;fs; nrhj;jhf ,Ue;j epyq;fs; kd;dd;
nrhj;jhf
khw;wg;gl;lik
gw;wpAk;
mjw;F
Kd;du;
epyTilikahdJ
nghJthdjhf fhzg;gl;lJ vd;gijAk; rhrdq;fs; $Wfpd;wd.
Kw;gl;l <o nghUshjhu <l;lkhf ePu;gg
; hrdj;Jld; $ba tptrhak;
fhzg;gl;lij cWjp nra;tjhfTk; mike;Js;sd. tfg> tfga Kjypa
nrhw;fs; trgidf;Fwpg;gjhfTk; mtd; fhy ePu;g;ghrd mgptpUj;jp gw;wpAk;
Nguh. guztpjhuz ,r;nrhw;fspld; rhd;whf nfhz;L tpsf;fpAs;shu;.
gz;ilf;fhy tzpfu; gw;wpa mwpa Kbfpd;wJ. tzpf vd;w ngaUld; gy
tzpfu;fs; tho;e;jdu; vd;gjw;F fubadhWg; gFjpapy; fpilj;j rhrdj;jpy;
fhzg;gLk; jpzp tzp[] (%d;W tzpfUilaJ) vd;w nrhy; rhd;W
gfu;fpd;wJ. NkYk; Ntbad;> thzpgd; vd;w nrhw;fSk; fpilf;fg;ngw;Ws;sd.
tzpfu;fSk; jhdk; toq;fpa nra;jpia nty;yhntspr;rhrdk; $Wfpd;wJ.
nghyeWitr; rhrdnkhd;wpy; tUk; guj vd;w nrhy; jkpof gujtu;
r%fj;Jld; xg;gplw;ghyJ. mf;FWnfhlapy; fpilj;j ehzaj;jpy; guj

By: Rajeendra

EU/IS/2010/AC/28

Page 6

jp]` vd;Wk; kPd; cUtq;fSld; $baJkhf cs;sJ. ,JTk; gujtu;

Fyj;jtu; gw;wpaJ vdyhk;.
jkpo; tzpfu; gw;wp mwpa Kbfpd;wik. fp.K3- fp.gp 2Mk; E}w;whz;L
tiuapdjhf mDuhjGuk;> tTdpah> mk;ghiu> jpUNfhzkiy gFjpr;
rhrdq;fs; ,jw;F rhd;WfshFk;. tzpfu; xd;W$b tzpf eltbf;iffs;
gw;wp MNyhrid elhj;j mikf;fg;gl;Ls;s kz;lgk; gw;wpa nra;jpia
mDuhjGuj;J fy;ntl;L $Wfpd;wJ.
fly; rhu; tu;j;jfj;jpw;F rhd;whf mk;ghiu> tTdpah> Njhzpf;fy;> gFjpr;
rhrdfspy; ntspehl;L tzpfu;fsplkpUe;J tup mwtplg;gl;l nra;jpfs;
fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
rkfhyj;J rKjha epiyapid mwpa cjTfpd;wik. gUkf> ngUkfd;>
gUkfs> kUkf Kjypa nrhw;fis cwTepiyf;F cjhuzkhf $wyhk;.
r%fj;jpy; cau; epiy kf;fs; njhlu;ghfTk; $wg;gl;Ls;sJ.
,yq;ifapd; Mjpf;Fbfs; gw;wpa nra;jpfis cWjpg;gLj;j cjTfpd;wik.
Fryhd kiyapYs;s rhrdj;jpy; cguh[ ehf vDk; nrhy; ehfu; gw;wpaJ.
,J Nghy; kl;lf;fsg;gpd; gy gFjpfspy; mz;ikapy; fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;l
rhrdq;fspy;
Nts;
ehfd;
vd;w
nrhy;
,lk;ngw;Ws;sikAk;
milahsg;gLj;jf;$baJ.
rpq;fstu; gw;wpa Fwpg;Gf;fs; ,d;ik. Mdhy; rpq;f rpd;dk; nghwpj;j ehzak;
xd;W ehf uhrd; xUtupd; ngaiuf; $Ufpd;wJ. Ie;J rhrdq;fs; (FLtpy;>
NrUtpy> Gspaq;Fsk;) jkpou; gw;wpait.
ngz;ghw; ngau;fis czu;j;JtjhfTk; mike;Js;sik. mj;Jld; ngz;fSk;
jhdk; toq;fpa nra;jpAk; $wg;gl;Ls;sJ. Fwpg;ghf nty;yhntspr; rhrdj;jpy;
tUk; ]pGf yfkp Fuj;jp kP Fuj;jp NtkP vDk; njhlupYs;s Fuj;jp vd;gJ
rkz ngz; Jwtpiar; Rl;Lk;. ngz;fSk; ryitj;njhopypy; <Lgl;Ls;sdu;
vd;gjw;F rhd;whf Giojp Kwp vd;w nrhy;iyf; $wyhk;.
Mjpfhy fiyQu; tu;ff
; k; gw;wpf; fhzg;gly;. nty;yhntspr;rhrdj;jpy; tUk;
ngU ghz vDk; nrhy;. ghzu; gw;wpaJ. Fryhd kiyapy; cs;s
fy;ntl;by; gz;ghzd; (gz;NzhL ghLk; ghzNd) vd;w nrhy;
ngsj;j
,dg;gpupTld;
NkYk;
gy
,df;FOkq;fSk;
,ize;J
tho;e;Js;sikia $Wfpd;wik. jkpou;> ehfu;> KU(z;)b> fhNgh[p vDk;
,df;FOf;fs; gw;wpa nra;jpfs;.
ngUk;ghYk; jkpo; nkhopapy; mike;Js;sik.
jkpo; gpuhkpr; rpwg;ngOj;Jf;fshd wfuk;> dfuk;> ofuk;> sfuk; vd;gd
nfhz;l nrhw;fs; fpilf;fg;gl;Ls;sik. wh[h> Nts> jNko> jp]d;
Kjypa nrhw;fspy; rpwg;ngOj;Jf;fs; <z;L mtjhdpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
<o ehzaq;fs; cs;ehl;L vOj;J> nkhop gw;wp ciuf;fpd;wd.
rpy ehzaq;fspy; ,uz;L tifahd vOj;Jk; (jkpo; gpuhkp vOj;Jk;> jkpo;
nkhopAk;) ,uz;L tifahd nkhopAk;(tlnkhop vOj;Jk; gpuhfpuj nkhopAk;)
fhzg;gLfpd;wd. mf;FUnfhlapy; fpilj;j ehzaq;fs; ,jw;F rhd;whFk;.

By: Rajeendra

EU/IS/2010/AC/28

Page 7

 jkpo; nrhw;fspid gpuhfpujj;jpw;F nkhop ngau;j;J vOJk; toik.

cjhuzkhf ]hfupf vd;gJ flyd; vd;gjd; gpuhfpuj nkhop ngau;g;G.
njd;dpyq;ifapy; fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;l ehzankhd;wpy; rlzhf] vd;w nrhy;
fhzg;gl;lJ. ,jid Mjhukhff; nfhz;L njd;dpyq;ifapy; tho;e;j
ehfuplj;J jkpo; gpuhfpujk; fhzg;gl;lJ vd Nguh. gj;kehjd; ciug;gJ
jkpou; tuyhw;wpy; Gjpa jpUg;gj;ij Vw;gLj;jpAs;sJ.
jkpof r%fj;jpy; fhzg;gl;l gujtu;> gij> gpuhkzu;> Nghd;w nrhw;fs;
<oj;jpYk; fpilf;fg;ngw;wik xw;WikahFk;. nghydWitapy; guj vd;w
nrhy; nghwpj;j rhrdk; fpilf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
<oj;jpy; gz;ila rkak; gw;wpf;$Wfpd;wd. kf;fspd; gpujhd rkakhf
ngsj;jk; fhzg;gl;lnjd Fwpg;ghy; czu;j;Jfpd;wd. ngUk;ghyhd rhrdq;fs;
ngsj;j JwtpfSf;fhd jhdk; gw;wpaNj.
rpt> kfhrpt> fhyrpt> Fkhu> uhk> Ju;f;fh> kw;rpahfr\p Kjypa ngau;fs;
kw;Wk; yl;Rkp cUtk;> kapy; cUtk; (KUfd;)
nghwpj;j ehzaq;fSk;
(fe;jNuhil> mf;FWnfhl)ngsj;jk; Ngz Kd;G ,e;J rkak; Ngzpaikf;F
rhd;WfshFk;.
jkpofj;jpy; gz;ilf;fhyj;jpy; ehd;F epyf;flTs; topghl;by; <Lgl;bUe;j
kf;fs; tl ,e;jpa itjPf gputhfj;jpd; jhf;fj;jhy;
tl ,e;jpa flTs;
topghl;L kuGfisg; NgzpaJ Nghy; ,yq;ifapYk; Ngzpaikf;F ,jid
jf;f rhd;whff; nfhs;syhk;.
G+efup> fe;jNuhil gFjpapy; fpilf;fg;ngw;Ws;s kl;ghz;l rhrdq;fspd;
vOj;J> vOj;J tbtk;> nkhop vd;gd jkpofj;jpy; fpilf;fg;ngw;w kl;ghz;l
rhrdq;fSld; xj;jpUf;fpd;wik xw;WikahFk;.
Rj;jkq;fy fUzhul;z> Nguh.gu;dhz;Nlh MfpNahu; mNrhfr;rf;futu;j;jp
fhyj;jpy; ngsj;jk; gug;gg;gl Kd;G jkpofk;> ,yq;if gFjpfspy;
ngsj;jj;jpw;F
Ke;jpa
gpuhkp
tuptbtk;
tof;fpy;
,Ue;jjhf
jf;f
rhd;WfSld; vLj;Jf; fhl;bAs;sdu;. ngsj;jj;jpw;F Ke;jpa gpuhkp tuptj;jpy;
vQ;rpa vOj;Jf;fshd m> ,> k> s> o> a> g> j> f> r> c> v Mfpa
vOj;Jf;f;fs;
jkpofk;>
,yq;if
gFjpfspYk;
xNu
mikg;gpy;
fhzg;gLtjhfTk;
mNrhfd;
gpuhkpapypUe;J
NtWgLtjhfTk;
cs;sd
vd;fpd;wdu;. gpd;du; ,t;tuptbt rpwg;G vOj;Jf;fshd m> ,> k> s> o> d
Mfpad mNrhfd; gpuhkpr; nry;thf;fhy; tof;nfhope;J ngsj;jj;Jld; te;j
gpuhkp nry;thf;F ngw;Wtpl;ljhfTk; $Wfpd;wdu;. Ke;jpa gpuhkp tuptbtj;ij
Rj;jkq;fy fUzhul;z jpuhtpb vd;fpwhu;.
Kf;fpa tuyhw;W %yhjhuk; jkpo; gpuhkpr; rhrdq;fNs vd Rg;guhaY
$WtJk; Nehf;fw;ghyJ.
kpifg;gLj;jypyhik>
gz;ila
E}y;fs;
$Wk;
nra;jpfspd;
cz;ikj;jd;ikiaAk;> Gjpa tplaq;fis mwpaTk;> Kf;fpa rhd;whf
nfhs;s Kbfpd;wJ
jkpou; ehfupf tsu;r;rpia mwpa Kf;fpa tuyhw;W %yhjhuk;.

By: Rajeendra

EU/IS/2010/AC/28

Page 8

By: Rajeendra

EU/IS/2010/AC/28

Page 9

By: Rajeendra

EU/IS/2010/AC/28

Page 10

By: Rajeendra

EU/IS/2010/AC/28

Page 11

crhtpait
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.

G\;gnul;zk;.g.>2001> ,yq;ifj; jkpoupd; gz;ilf;fhy ehzaq;fs;> gthdp

gjpg;gfk;> gf;- 160-183
G\;gnul;zk;.g>2002> njhy;ypay; Nehf;fpy; <oj;jkpoupd; gz;ilf;fhy kjKk;
fiyAk;> Fkud; Gj;jf ,y;yk;> gf;- 77-96
fpU\;zuh[h. nr> 2005> ,yq;if tuyhW ghfk;- 01> gpiuepyh ntspaPL> gf;
30-32> 237-246
gj;kehjd;. rp> 2006> ,yq;ifj;jkpo; rhrdq;fs; ghfk;-1> ,e;J rka fyhrhu
mYty;fs; jpizf;fsk;> gf;- 1-13
gj;kehjd;. rp> 2013> ,yq;ifj;jkpo; rhrdq;fs; ghfk;-2> ,e;J rka fyhrhu
mYty;fs; jpizf;fsk;> gf;- 27-42
nry;yk;.Nt.jp.> 2005> jkpof tuyhWk; gz;ghLk;> kzpthrfu; gjpg;gfk;> gf;-74-75
rpw;wk;gyk;.rp.f> 1999> gz;ila jkpofk;> aho;gy;fiyf;fof ntspaPL> gf;- 279324
tho;tpaw;fsQ;rpak; njhFjp 06> jQ;rhT+u; gy;fiyf;fofk; nrd;id> gf;- 552556
http://www.battinews.com/2012/09/Batticaloaancient.html
http://archives.thinakaran.lk/Vaaramanjari//2012/10/21/?fn=f1210219&p=1
https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/mintamil/xQCb2s7R8Q4
http://giramaththan.blogspot.com/2010_11_29_archive.html
http://noolaham.net/project/50/4927/4927.pdf
http://noolaham.net/project/50/4923/4923.pdf
http://www.noolaham.net/project/02/110/110.htm
http://kaza007.hpage.co.in/history-of-tamil_89024832.html
*http://www.tamilheritage.org/kidangku/DrSwaminathan/scripts/08a_Scripts_of_Tami
lnadu_1_Tamil-Brahmi.pdf
http://www.archaeology.gov.lk/web/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id
=57&Itemid=87&lang=ta
http://www.palkalaikazhakam.com/tamil/tamil-history-1/hostory-notes/70-tamilbrahmi-tissa.html
http://puttalamonline.com/2012-04-24/puttalam-technology/10054/
http://www.valaitamil.com/articles_details_8902.html
http://www.tamilhindu.com/2013/02/bharath-darshan-1/
MAHADEVAN, I ( 2003): Early Tamil epigraphy: from the earliest times to the sixth
century A.D. Chennai, India: CreA:. (Harvard Oriental Series, volume sixtytwo.)
2. BAUMS, S ; GLASS, A (2007): P oposal fo the Encoding of B hm in Plane 1 of
ISO/IEC
http://std.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/wg2/docs/n3491.pdf
http://www.tnarch.gov.in/epi/ins1.htm

By: Rajeendra

EU/IS/2010/AC/28

Page 12