kj;jpa khepy muRfspd;

cwTfs;

kj;jpa khepy muRfspd; cwTfs;

 $l;lhl;rpapd; mbg;gilahf kj;jpa khepy rl;lkpaw;Wk; mjpfhuKk;

muRfspd; cwTfs; gw;wp murpaikg;gpy; ehlhSkd;wj;jpw;F jhd; cs;sJ.
gFjp XI kw;Wk; XIIy; jiyik> rl;lk;>  rpy re;jHg;gq;fspy;> khepyg; gl;baypy;
MSik kw;Wk; epjp cwTfspd; fPo; cs;s ,dq;fSf;F $l ehlhSkd;wk;
nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. rl;lkpaw;w KbAk;.

rl;lkpaw;Wk; cwTfs; MSif cwTfs;

 99 ,dq;fs; nfhz;l kj;jpag; gl;baNy  khepyq;fspd nrayhl;rp mjpfhuk;
%d;W gl;bay;fspYk; kpfg;nghpa gl;bay; ehlhSkd;wj;jhy; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;l
MFk;. ,jpy; cs;s rpy Kf;fpakhd ,dg; rl;lq;fSf;F ,zq;fp fPo;g;gbe;J ,Uf;f
ghJfhg;G> uapy;Nt> mQ;ry; kw;Wk; je;jp> Ntz;Lk;. kj;jpa nrayhl;rp>
tUkhd thp> Vw;Wkjp kw;Wk; ,wf;Fkjp thp> Njitg;gLk;NghJ khepyq;fSf;F
ehL KOtJk; kj;jpa gl;baypy; cs;s topfhl;Ljy; toq;fyhk;. Njrpa kw;Wk;
,dq;fspy; rl;lk; gpwg;gpg;gjw;F uhZt Kf;fpaJtj;jpw;fhfTk; uapy;Ntapd;
ehlhSkd;wj;jpw;F kl;LNk mjpfhuk; ghJfhg;gpw;fhfTk; njhiyj;njhlHG
cs;sJ. cUthf;fk; kw;Wk; guhkhpg;gpw;fhfTk; kj;jpa
 khepyg;gl;bay; 66 ,dq;fis muR khepyq;fSf;Fk; cj;juT
cs;slf;fpaJ. ,e;j gl;baypy; cs;s rpy gpwg;gpf;fyhk;. mjd;gb khepy muRfs;
Kf;fpakhd ,lq;fshtd: khepyj;jpDs; ,zq;f Ntz;Lk;. ,tw;wpw;Fk; Nkyhf
eilngWk; njhopYk; tzpfKk;> fhty;> khepyq;fSf;fpilNaahd ePHg;gpur;rpidapy;
kPdg
; pbg;G> fhLfs; rhHe;j njhopw;rhiyfs; ehlhSkd;wk;; kl;LNk KbntLf;f KbAk;.
MFk;. khepy rl;lrig ,e;j gl;baypy; NkYk; ,J [dhjpgjpf;F
cs;s ,dq;fs; njhlHghf rl;lkpaw;WfpwJ. khepyq;fSf;fpilg;gl;l gpur;rpidapy;
 nghJg;gl;bay; kj;jpa kw;Wk; khepy MNuhrid toq;f ,ilkhepyf; FO
muRfspd; eyd;fisf; nfhz;l 47 mikg;gjw;F toptFf;fpwJ.
,dq;fis cs;slf;fpaJ. ,e;j gl;baypy;  khepy muRfs; $l khepyg; gl;baypy;
cs;s rpy Kf;fpa ,dq;fs; gj;jpuf; cs;s rpy MSifg; gzpfis xU
fl;lzk;> kUe;J kw;Wk; er;Rfs;> kpd;rhuk;> Fwpg;gpl;l fhyj;jpw;F kj;jpa murplk;
nra;jpj;jhs;fs; MFk;. ehlhSkd;wk; kw;Wk; xg;gilf;f KbAk;.
khepyr; rl;lrigfs; NrHe;J jhd; ,e;j  ,e;jpa murpayikg;G MSif Kiwapy;
,dq;fspy; rl;lkpaw;Wk;. xUNtis rl;lk; xU rPHikia cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf rpy
mikg;gjpy; kj;jpa kw;Wk; khepy rpwg;G mk;rq;fisg; ngw;Ws;sJ.
muRfSf;fpilNa gpur;rid Vw;gl;lhy;>  ,it midj;jpe;jpag; gzpahd IAS kw;Wk;
kj;jpa muR vLf;Fk; Kbtpw;Nf mjpf IPS cUthf;fp khepyq;fspy; Kf;fpakhd
mjpfhuk; cz;L. ,e;j %d;W MSif epiyfspy; mkHj;Jtij
gl;bay;fspYk; tuhj ,dq;fspy; cs;slf;fpaJ. midj;jpe;jpag; gzp
mYtHfspd; ,Ug;G kw;Wk; khepy murpd;
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 kj;jpa khepy muRfspd;
cwTfs;

mjpfhuj;ij mjpfhpg;gjw;F topnra;fpwJ. tpjpf;fg;gl;L khepy murpdhy;

midj;jpe;jpag; gzpapd; cWg;gpdHfs; tR+ypf;fg;gl;L gfpHe;jspf;Fk; thpfs;.
kj;jpa murhy; NjHe;njLf;fg;gl;L  uapy;Nt> fly; top my;yJ thd;topg;
epakpf;fg;gLfpd;wdH. khepy muRfshy; Nghf;FtuT thpfs; Nghd;wit kj;jpa
kj;jpa murpd; mDkjpapd;wp ,tHfs; kPJ murpdhy; tpjpf;fg;gl;L tR+ypf;fg;gl;L
xOq;F eltbf;if vJTk; vLf;ftpayhJ. Mdhy; khepyq;fSf;F gfpHe;jspf;fg;gLk;
 ,e;jpa murpayikg;G uh[;a rghtpd; thpfs;.
ghpe;Jiuapd;gb ehlhSkd;w Gjpa  cw;gj;jp thp Nghd;wit kj;jpa
midj;jpe;jpag; gzp cUthf;fTk; murpdhy; tpjpf;fg;gl;L tR+ypf;fg;gl;L>
mjpfhukspj;Js;sJ. ehlhSkd;w rl;lj;jpd;gb> kj;jpa khepy
 kj;jpa muR rpy jUzq;fspy; khepy muRfSf;fpilNa gfpHe;jspf;fg;gLk; thp.
muRfspd; Ra Ml;rp chpikapy;  ,wf;Fkjp thp kw;Wk; tUkhd thp
jiyapLtjw;F mjpf mstpyhd mjpfhuk; Nghd;wit kj;jpa murpdhy;
ngw;Ws;sJ. cjhuzkhf kj;jpa fhty; tpjpf;fg;gl;L tR+ypf;fg;gl;L
gil kw;Wk; uhZtk; Mfpait khepy mth;fshNyNa itj;Jf; nfhs;sg;gLk;
muRfspd; Ntz;LNfhspd;gb kj;jpa murhy; thp.
khepyq;fspy; epakpf;fg;gLfpd;wd. Mdhy;
 Ntshz;ik thp jtpHj;J kw;w thpfs;
rpy jUzq;fspy; CRP kw;Wk; BSF kj;jpa murpdhy; tpjpf;fg;gl;L Mdhy;
Mfpait khepyq;fspd; tpUg;gkpd;wpNa kj;jpa kw;Wk; khepy muRfSf;filNa
khepyq;fspy; epakpf;fg;gLfpd;wd. gfpHe;jspf;fg;gLk; thpfs;.
epjp njhlHghd cwTfs;  epjp tp\aj;jpYk; kj;jpa murpw;F mjpfkhd
 gz tsq;fisg; gfpHe;jspj;jy; khepy mjpfhukpUg;gJ njspthf tpsq;FfpwJ.
muRfSldhd kj;jpa murpd; cwT Kd;Ndw;wj; jpl;lq;fspd; nryTfisr;
Muhaf;$baJ. murpayikg;gpy; kj;jpa re;jpg;gjw;fhf khepyj;jpd; epjpfspd; kPJk;>
kw;Wk; khepy muRfSf;F jdpj;jdp tUkhd ed;nfhilfspd; kPJk; kj;jpa muR Mjpf;fk;
tsq;fs; toq;fg;gl;Ls;sd. kj;jpa nrYj;j KbAk;. epjp mtrufhyj;jpd; NghJ>
gl;baypYs;s ,dq;fSf;F ehlhSkd;wk; kj;jpa khepy muRfSf;fpilNa
thpfs; tpjpf;fyhk;. khepyg;gl;baypYs;s gfpHe;jspf;fg;gLk; thpfis epWj;jp
,dq;fSf;F khepy muR thpfs; itg;gjw;F> FbauRj; jiytUf;F
tpjpf;fyhk;. khepyq;fSf;fpilapyhd mjpfhuKz;L. NkYk; mtH khepyj;jpd; kw;w
mbj;jsq;fisf; nfhz;l thpfs; xl;L nryTfs; kPJk; fl;Lg;ghLfs; tpjpf;f
nkhj;jkhf kj;jpa murhy; KbAk;. khepyj;jpl;lq;fs; midj;Jk;>
tpjpf;fg;gLfpd;wd. mtw;wpy;> cs;SH kj;jpa jpl;lq;fis Kjd;ikahff; nfhz;L
fhuzpfis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;lit cUthf;fg;gl;L> jpl;lf;FOtpdhy;
khepy murhy; tpjpf;fg;gLfpd;wd. mDkjpaspf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. NkYk;>
 kj;jpa gl;bay; fPo;tUk; thpfisf; khepyq;fs; kj;jpa murpdhy; gz cjtp
nfhz;lJ. mspf;fg;gLk; jpl;lq;fis Nkw;nfhz;L>
 gj;jpug;gjpT thp kw;Wk; kUj;Jt kw;Wk; kj;jpa murpd; topfhl;Ljiyg; gpd;gw;w
fopTg; nghUs;fs; kPjhd cw;gj;jp thp Ntz;Lk;. jpl;lf;FO jpl;l> Kiwfspy;
Nghd;wit kj;jpa murpdhy; kj;jpa murpw;Nf mjpfkhd mjpfhuq;fs;
 toq;fpAs;sJ. ve;j tpjkhd KbntLf;Fk; mjpfhuKk; khepyq;fsplk;
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 kj;jpa khepy muRfspd;
cwTfs;

tplg;gltpy;iy. kj;jpa murpd; jpl;lq;fs; khepyq;fspd; kPJ xOq;fw;w Kiwapy; jpzpf;fg;gLfpd;wd

vz; ngaH njhlq;fg;gl;l rk;ge;jg;gl;l khepyq;fs;

Mz;L
1. fpU\;zh ePHg;gpur;rpid jPHg;ghak; 1969 kfhuh\;buh> fHehlfh kw;Wk;
Me;jpug;gpuNjrk;
2. Nfhjhthp ePHg;gpur;rpid jPHg;ghak; 1969 kfhuh\;buh> fHehlfh>
Me;jpug;gpuNjrk;>
kj;jpag;gpuNjrk; kw;Wk;
xhp];]h
3. eHkjh ePHg;gpur;rpid jPHg;ghak; 1969 uh[];jhd;> F[uhj;>
kj;jpag;gpuNjrk; kw;Wk;
kfhuh\;buh
4. utp kw;Wk; ePHg;gpur;rpid 1986 gQ;rhg; kw;Wk; `hpahdh
jPHg;ghak;
5. fhNthp ePHg;gpur;rpid jPHg;ghak; 1990 fHehlfh> Nfush> jkpo;ehL
kw;Wk; GJr;Nrhp
6. ,uz;lhtJ fpU\;zh 2004 kfhuh\;buh> fHehlfh kw;Wk;
ePHg;gpur;rpid jPHg;ghak; Me;jpug;gpuNjrk;

 NkYk; ,e;j tptfhuj;jpy; cr;r ePjpkd;wNkh>

khepyq;fSf;fpilg;gl;l caHePjpkd;wNkh jiyapLjy; $lhJ
cwTfs; vd;gij ehlhSkd;wk; vLj;Jiuf;f KbAk;.
 ,J njhlHghf ehlhSkd;wk; ,uz;L
khepyq;fSf;fpilahd ePHg;gpur;ridfs; rl;lq;fs; ,aw;wpAs;sJ. Mw;WePH thhpar;
rl;lk; (1956) khepyq;fSf;fpilg;gl;l
murpayikg;gpd; \uj;J 62 ePHg;gpur;ridr; rl;lk; (1956).
khepyq;fSf;fpilg;gl;l ePHg; gpur;ridiag;
gw;wpa jPHTfisf; nfhLf;fpwJ. ,jd; khepyq;fSf;fpilg;gl;l FO
,uz;L $Wfs;:
 ruj;J 263: khepyq;fSf;fpilapYk; my;yJ
 ehlhSkd;wr; rl;lj;jpd;gb> vy;yh kj;jpa kw;Wk; khepy muRfSf;fpilNaAk;
khepyq;fSf;Fk; ,ilg;gl;l ePhpd; gad;ghL> ,zf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;Jtjw;fhf ,U
gfpHe;jspj;jy; kw;Wk; fl;Lg;ghL Nghd;wit
Fwpj;J jPHg;Gfs; toq;f KbAk;.

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 kj;jpa khepy muRfspd;
cwTfs;

 khepyq;fSf;fpilg;gl;l FOit
cUthf;fyhk;. ,J FbauRj;jiytuhy; [k;K fh\;kPh; khepyj;jpd;
cUthf;fg;glNtz;Lk;. rpwg;G me;j];J
 khepyq;fSf;fpilg;gl;l FOtpd;
flikfis tiuaWf;Fk; chpik FbauRj;
jiytUf;F ,Ue;jhYk;> \uj;J 263  ,e;jpa murpayikg;gpd; \uj;J 1-d; gb>
mjw;fhd flikfis [k;K–fh\;kPH khepyj;Jf;F rpwg;G me;j];J
tiuaWj;Js;sJ. toq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
 khepyq;fSf;fpilNa vOk; gpur;rpidfis
 gFjp XXI – y; cs;s \uj;J 370 [k;K–
tprhhpj;J mtw;wpw;F MNyhrid toq;f
fh\;kPH khepyj;Jf;F rpwg;G me;j];J
Ntz;Lk;.
toq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
 kj;jpa my;yJ khepy muRfspd; nghJthd
 mjd;gb ,e;jpa murpayikg;gpd; midj;J
eyd;fs; rl;ge;jg;gl;l tp\aq;fs; tprhuiz
rl;ljpl;lq;fSk; [k;K–fh\;kPH
nra;J mJ gw;wp tpthjpf;f Ntz;Lk;.
khepyj;Jf;Fg; nghUe;jhJ.
 muRj; jpl;lq;fspd; Nkk;gl;l
 ,e;jpahtpNyNa ,e;j khepyj;jpw;F kl;Lk;
,zj;jpw;fhfTk;> nray;ghLfSf;fhfTk;
jhd; jdpahf “[k;K fh\;kPH
ghpe;Jiufs; toq;f Ntz;Lk;.
murpayikg;G” vDk; khepy murpayig;G
cs;sJ.
khepyq;fSf;fpilg;gl;l njhopYk; tzpfKk;  [k;K–fh\;kPH murpayikg;G etk;gH 17>
 gFjp XIII – y; cs;s \uj;J 301 Kjy; 1956y; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;L> 26 [dthp> 1957
307> ,e;jpahtpd; vy;iyf;F elf;Fk; md;W Kjy; mkYf;F te;jJ.
njhopYk;> tzpfKk; gw;wp Fwpg;gpLfpwJ.  [k;K–fh\;kPH kw;Wk; ,e;jpahtpd;
 \uj;J 301: ,e;jpahtpd; vy;iyf;Fs; jw;Nghija cwT epiy:
eilngWk; midj;J njhopy; kw;Wk;  [k;K–fh\;kPH ,e;jpahtpd; xU khepyk;
tzpfk; Rje;jpukhf eilngw Ntz;Lk;. vd;W murpayikg;gpd; gFjp kw;Wk; Kjy;
,jd; Kf;fpa Nehf;fk; ml;ltizapy; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ (,e;jpah
khepyq;fSf;fpilNa vy;iyj;jLg;ig kw;Wk; mjd; vy;iyfs;)
cilj;J midj;J khepyq;fisAk;
 [k;K–fh\;kPH khepyj;jpw;nfd jdp
xd;WgLj;jp njhopy; kw;Wk; tzpfq;fis
murpayikg;G cs;sJ. me;j
Rje;jpukhf cUthf;FtJ MFk;.
murpayikg;gpd;gb mJ Ml;rp
 Vw;fdNt ve;j khepyj;jpyhtJ vy;iyia
nra;ag;gLfpwJ.
xU fhuzkhf itj;J njhopiy jil
 ehlhSkd;wk; ,e;j khepyj;jpy; kj;jpa
nra;jhy;> mJ \uj;J 301-ia kPwpajhff;
gl;baypy; tUk; midj;J tptfhuq;fspYk;
fUjg;gLk;.
nghJg;gl;baypy; tUk; ngUk;ghyhd
tptfhuq;fspYk; rl;lkpaw;w KbahJ.
Mdhy; jPtputhj nray;fs; muRhpikf;F
NfL tpistpg;gJ. ,e;jpa vy;iy xw;Wik
kw;Wk; ,e;jpa murpayikg;G Nghd;w rpy
tptfhuq;fs; jtpHj;J vQ;rpa mjpfhuq;fspy;

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 kj;jpa khepy muRfspd;
cwTfs;

(residuary power) rl;lkpaw;Wk; mjpfhuk; murpayikg;gpd; gbay;yhJ> mk;khepy

[k;K–fh\;kPH khepyj;Jf;Nf cz;L. murpayikg;gpd;gb murpayikg;G ];jhgdk;
 cs;ehl;Lf; fytuj;jpdhy; (internal rhptu ,aq;ftpy;iynadpy; khepy mtru
disburanance) Njrpa mtru epiy epiy gpwg;gpf;fg;gl KbAk;.
gpwg;gpf;fg;gLk; NghJ> me;j khepyj;jpd;  ,JNt ,uz;L tifapy; nray;gLj;jyhk;.
rk;kjkpd;wp mq;Nf mtru epiyiag;  ,e;jpa murpayikg;gpd;gb
gpwg;gpf;f KbahJ. FbauRj;jiytH Ml;rp
 me;j khepyj;jpy; epjp mtru epiy fhyk;  mk;khepy murpayikg;gpd;gb MSeH
gpwg;gpf;f FbauRj; jiytUf;F ve;j Ml;rp
mjpfhuKk; ,y;iy.  1986y; ,k;khepyj;jpy; Kjd;Kjyhf
 FbauRj; jiytH> mtUila FbauRj; jiytH Ml;rp mikf;fg;gl;lJ.
topfhl;Ljy;fisg; gpd;gw;wtpy;iy  [k;K–fh\;kPH khepy ePjpkd;wk; mbg;gil
vd;gjw;fhf me;j khepyj;jpd; chpikfs; epiwNtw;wg;gLtjw;F ePjpg;
murpayikg;ig jw;fhypfkhf jil nra;Ak; Nguiz gpwg;gpf;f KbAk;. kw;w ve;jj;
mjpfhuk; ngw;wpUf;ftpy;iy. NjitfSf;fhfTk; gpwg;gpf;f KbahJ.
 khepy mtru epiy(FbauRj;jiytH Ml;rp)>
,q;F gpwg;gpf;fg;gl KbAk;. Mdhy; ,e;jpa

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